AÑO DE LA DIVERSIFICACION PRODUCTIVA Y EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA EDUCACION
ESPECIALIDAD DE MANTENINMIENTO DE MAQUINARIA PESADA INFORMEDE LABORATORIO DE QUIMICA
DOCENTE: ING. LAURA DANIEL FLORES
LABORATORIO Nº- 2: SEPARACIÓN DE MEZCLAS
CICLO: I GRUPO: A INTEGRANTES:
ESCOBAR DE LA CRUZ, Miguel FLORES UISPE, !ill" R#$#el %UAMAN LUIS, &'()*+ Si INGA SOTO, T'+" M#(l'+ LOPEZ &ANAMPA, &ANAMPA, R#/l El0#1
5 1 / 8 0 / 9 2 : N O I C A Z I L A E R E D A H C E F
2015
5 1 / 9 0 / 1 0 : A G E R T N E E D A H C E F
1
INDICE
1º. CARATULA CARATULA 2º- INDICE 3º- INTRODUCCIÓN 4º- OBJETIVOS 5º- FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO 6º- PARTE EXPERIMENTAL º- AN!LISIS DE RESULT RE SULTADO ADO "º- CONCLUSIONES - RECOMENDACIONES RECOMENDACIONES #º- BIBLIO$RAFIA 1%º- ANEXO &C'()*+,/+,0 I.
2
INTRODUCCION
E /()(*( /()(*( +,/( +,/( ()/+ ()/+7( 7( (* (* (* (*(( ,) ,(*, ,(*,)) *(8/+ *(8/+,) ,) 9 /,(++(*,) /(+:,) ( ( 7,/*,/+, Nº- 2 ( ;'<+ =)(/+8 ( (:)>. P/ (?/ (?/ 7, +@, 7,/*, 7,/*,/+, /+, /+(/, /+(/, ,(*'+ ,(*'+:,) :,) Q' Q' () )')*+ 9 (: / ,,(/ ) +(/(+) ;'( (+)*( (*/( (,) '(, ),) (++/ ) +(/(*() *+) ( )(/+8 )(/+8 ;'( (+)*( 9 ( ;'( ,)+)*( ' ( (). E ()*( 7,/*,/+, ) *+) /(+:) '(/, ( +*/+8 (?,/+8 9 (*+8. D'/*( /*( /*( ((/+(* ((/+(* (),) (: (: 9 ,) *(/+() ( '), / ,7*((/ )' ) +++ / ,/,7/ )+ ()') ( (?, 7, ((/+(*+8 ()*) )) ?/< *+ ( )(/+8 , ((+,) ((+(, ( ()*, ( ;'( )( (,*/7 ( (:. A (+ (+ ;'( <7,) <7,) )+'+( )+'+(, , ) +)*/' +)*/'+, +,() () *(8/+ *(8/+) ) 9 ( /,(),/ ,) +,) '(* ;'( ' ( ) *+) +7 , /()'*, 9 )< (,) ,// ' )(/+8 , 7'( /()'*,.
3
IVG OBJETIVOS
M,)*// M,)*// ') ') *+) *+) ( )(/+8 )(/+8 ( ,) ,,(*() ,,(*() ( ' (:.
S(// S(// ,) ,,(*() ,,(*() ( ' (: (: (+*( (+*( ) *+) *+) ( +*/+8 (?,/+8.
U*++:/ *+ ( )(/+8 ,//(* )(H ( ()*, ( ;'( )( ('(*/ (:
D(*(/+/ ) )) *() 9 ()') ( /,(), ( )(/+8
4
VG FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS
MATERIA
SUSTANCIA PURA
SEPARACIÓN FÍSICA
MEZCLAS
Rea!"n #$%&!a
COMPUESTOS H2SO4, NaCl, H2O
ELEMENTOS Hg, Cl, S, In
HOMOGÊNEA
E) ' ,7++8 <)+ ( ,) , ) )')*+) '/) (: *+(( ,,)++8 ?/+7( 9 )') ,,(*() '(( )(//)( ,/ *,,) <)+,) () *((/*'/ () ?/+7( '/*( ( 7+, ( ()*,. Mezc Mezcla la::
L) ()) )( )++ (G C', ,)* ( ,) , ) )() 9 )') ,, ,,( (*( *()) ' '( (( ( +( +(*+ *++ + /) /)(( )+ )+( ( ?+)* ?+)* , , , 9' 9' ( ' +/,),+,. P,/ (K(, ' (:, ( /+*, () ' (: ( (;'(,) /,) ( +(/(*() ,'()*,) ,, '/:, + 9 (()*,.
Mezclas Mezclas heterogénea heterogéneas: s:
Mezclas homogéneasG U)'(*( ) ),'+,() ,)* ( '
), )( )( &/(+ &/(+8 8 ( ;' ;'(( *,) *,) ) ) /, /,+( +( () () ;' ;'< <+ +) ) 9 <)+ <)+ )) ), ), + +*+ *+ )0 )0.. L,) L,) ,, ,,( (*( *()) ( ' ' ),' ),'+ +8 8 ()* ()* * * <*+ <*+ ( (* *(( (:,) ;'( ), ++)*+'+7() * () ( ), ( ),'+8 ;'( )( ,/ (*/( ' 9 NC.
'
HETERO
E ( 7,/*,/+, ((/(*( )( /(;'+(/( )(// ,) ,,(*() ( ' (: 7+( )( / (*(/+/ )' ,,)++8 , / '/++/ ,) ,,(*() 9 ')/) ( /(+,() ,)*(/+,/(). L) *+) '*++:/ ((( ( ()*, ((/(*( ( (: &)8+ <;'+ 9 )(,)0 9 ( ) /,+(() <)+) ( ,) ,,(*(). , ,(*(). La evaporación: E)
' *+ ;'( ,) (/+*( /('(// ' )')*+ )8+ )8+ ;' ;'(( ()* ()* +)' +)'( (* * ( ' ),? ),?( (*( *(.. P'( P'((( /( /(+: +:/ / +/( +/(* * (* (*(( ( (* * , , ' ' ),' ,'++8 , , ( (@( (@(//, , ;' ;'(( /, /,,/ ,/+ +, , ' (*+(*, '(/*( 9 /+, , ( ' @ (*/+ , 7, /< / ;'( ( (*+(*, )( )'?( ( ( ), ( *((/ ' ),?(*( ,/+, ,, ( ,@, 9 (?+*/ ;'( )( /(. Filtración: E) *+ ,H ( 7,/*,/+, (/, +,/**( ,)+)*( (
)(// ' )8+, ;'( )( ('(*/ ,, /*<') )8+) , /(++*) ( ' ),'+8 /(*(+,, ( ' +*(/(+,. P/ /(+:/ ' +*/+8 (7( ,*/ */() (((*,) 7)+,)G ' (7', ' ?), ,(*,/ 9 ' ( ( +*/,. L +*/+8 '(( @(/ '), ( ' 7,7 ( )'+8 ( '9, ), )(/ ' +*/+8 , ' ?<, , '(( ,'//+/ )+ ?<, ()*, () ,/ /?(. E ,7, ( ( () ' ), '9 +,/**( ( ()* *+ ( ', (7(/ +?(/*+/ , ( *+(, ( @(/, ( (/ (' ,7,, ( '*/, / ,// ' ,, , ' ();'+ /) 2 ( /+(/ ,7(:. E ', ( ?/*+( ( ,, () ( 6% 9 (7( K')*/)( 7+( (7', ( ?+/+,. E (7', '(( )(/ ( ?+/+, ( 5% , 1%% ( +(*/,
DECANTACION
E) ' *+ ;'( ,)+)*( ( (K/ ( )(+(*/ ' /(++*, ;'( )( @ ,/, ( ( */)'/), ( ' /(+8 9 '(, )(// ( <;'+,
(
),7/(*( ()*, () (*/ ' ?(/*+,, ' ?), ,(*,/. P/ ,// ;'( ( /(++*, ()*( ) ,*,.
)
Materiales e!"ipo e!"ipo #e tra$a%o tra$a%o
Me0e. $nen+
5a. /e -e!-!a/.+
T%-./e+ T%-./e+
P.ea ga/$a/a+
6
Re*!lla+
Ag!a/.+
VIG PARTE EXPERIMENTAL E&perimento N'( ) *eparación #e los componentes #e "na mezcla sóli#a #e Ca CO+, NaCl *iO-(
I++,() / )(/+8 ( (:. 1. P()( 2.%% 2.%% /,) /,) ( (: (: /,7( /,7( ( ( ' */,:, */,:, ( ( '+ '++, +, C7-$la /e -.elana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
8
Me>la :NaCl, CaCO3, S!O2
La
F!la
CO2
Fae S"l!/a S "l!/a CACO3, S!O2
S!O2 9 CaCl2 :a ;
CaCl2 :a; 1=
S!O2
PROCESOS DE FILTRACION
1º- (),) ( ( +*/,
2º- (),) ' ( /(,K
3º-
(),) (:
3º +),?(,) (: , 1% ( ' ( ' /,7(*
11
5º- ,7*(+8 ( /*( ),+ ( 4º- /,(), ( +*/+8
12
(:
PROCESO DE EVAPORACION
1º- (), (),)) )' )' ( ,/( ,/( ,)
2º- ,7*( ,7*(+8 +8 ( S+O2 S+O2 , ()*' / ( )(, L (?,/+8 3º3º- /, /,() (),, ( (?,/+8
4º- O7*(+8 ( NC
13
VIIG AN!LISIS RESULTADO en masa masa de cada cada componente =
masaobtenida x 100 masainici masa inicial al
M) +++ D( (: &0
V,'( &0 ( ),'+8 ( NC ,7*(+ ( +*/+8
V,' '( &0 &0 M) ( ( NC ( ),' ),'+ +8 8 ( NC )(, ;'( @9 ( NC / ,7*(+, (: (?,//
2.%%
5%
5
M) ( ( ( F+*/, 1.%4
DE
M) ( ( +*/, S+O2 2.34
%.%2
M) ( S+O2 )(, ,7*(+, 1.2%
1
( S+O2 ;'( @9 ( (: 6%
( CCO3 ;'( @9 ( (: 3#
E ()*,) '/,) '/,) ,(,) ,(,) ,7)(/?/ ,7)(/?/ ) +++ +++ ( (: (: ( ' *'?, ?/++,() ( '(/, ) *+) ')) )< ,7*'?+,) ) ) ( ,,(*( ( (: 9 ( ,/(*K( ,/(*K( ( ', ( (,) ;'( ,//, ' +++, ) *,* ( (:
14
VIIIG CONCLUSIONES
E ()*( 7,/*,/ 7,/*,/+, +, ()') ( /(+:/ /(+:/ ,) /,(),) /,(),) ( )(/+8 )(/+8 (,) ,'+/ ;'( *() ( /(+:/ ';'+(/ *+, ( )(/+8 /+(/, (7(,) @(/ ' +)+) ( (:G ()*, <)+, /,+(() 9 /*(/<)*+). /*(/<)*+).
A/( A/( + +,) ,) ;' ;'(( / / @ @( (// ' ' )( )(/ /+ +8 8 , ,// //( (* * ( (7( 7(,) ,) ,, , ,( (// ' ' () () ), ,) ,) ,, ,,( (*( *()) ( (: (: / / ')/ ')/ *+ ,//(*.
A ++:/ ()*( 7,/*,/+, '+,) () ( ,7*((/ ' /()'*, ,)+*+?, ),7/( )(/+8 ( (:).
RECOMENDACIONES
C'+ C'+// , ) ) ,/ ,/) ) ( )('/ )('/+ + '/* '/*(( )( (? (?(( 7, 7, ( 7,/*,/+ 7,/*,/+, , (?/ (?/ '()*, ,) (;'+,) (;'+,) ( /,*(+8 /,*(+8 (/), (/), / ,)(/?/ '()*/ +*(/+ 9 )'.
R(?+)/ ( ()*, ( ) +)*+,() 9 )' 7'( '+,+(*, *() ( ((:/ ( 7,/*,/+, / , /,?,/ /,?,/ +H ,.
U*++: U*++:/ / ,) *(/+ *(/+() () ( ,/ ,/ ,//(* ,//(* / / ,)(' ,)('+/ +/ 7'(,) 7'(,) /()'*,).
1'
IXG BIBLIO$RAFA
$'< ( 7,/*,/+, 2%15-2 TECSUP
@**G+(+)*(/(/,/+/++(14.7,),*.,2%12%"(:) -/()(,)-(:-(:.@*
@**G+,/')@(:K/;'++.7,),*.,2%1%%'*+,+,/(-(*,,-(-)(/+,.@*
1(
XG ANEXO C'()*+,/+,G 1. S+ U U.. *+( *+(( ( ,) ,) )+ )+' '++( (*( *()) ) ),) 8 8,, )( )(///< /< ,) ,) ,,(*() 0 A(+*( A(+*( ( ,*,/ (, (, ( /*<') /*<') ( 7/,(G 7/,(G FILT FILTRACION RACION 70 E )'(/, &+;'+,0 ( ,) )8+,) ( (@( ?'G DESTILACION 0 L,) ,,(* ,,(*() () ( (*/8 (*/8(,G (,G DECANT DECANTA ACION 0 L /( /( ( ,/, ( ,?,G ,?,G TA TAMIADO MIADO 2. C8, 8, )( )(/ ,) , ,,(*() ( ' G SEDIMENTACION 3. I+ I+;' ;'(( ( )+' )+'+( +(* *(( /( /(+ +8 8 )+ (: (: () @, @,, , ( ( &O0 , )+ (: () @(*(/,( &E0G 0 A A' ' *'/7 *'/7+ + & E 0 70 +*'/ / '/,) & E 0 0 ,/, ( 1" ;'+* ;'+*() () & O 0 0 K', K', ( *, *,*( *( &O &O 0 (0 +/( & E 0 0 , , /( /(**, & E 0 0 7( 7(7+ 7+ )( )(,) ,) & E 0 @0 ?+/+, ?+/+, / / ?(* ?(*)) &E 0 +0 +/( +/( +' +' ,& ,& E 0 K0 ' ,+( &O0 4. S( *+(( *+(( ' (: (: ( 5 / ;'( ;'( ,*+( ,*+((( CCO3 CCO3 NC 9 S+O2. S+O2. P/ )(// ( )') ,,(*() )( ( /(8 ' 9 '(, +*/8 &( ( +*/, 1 0 ,7*(+,)( 12 ( ),'+8. D( ()* ()* ),'+8 ),'+8 )( ,,8 ,,8 ( 4% ( ' )' )' ( ,/( ,/( / (?,/+8 ,7*(+,)( 15 ( ' )8+,. A )8+, ;'( ; '( ;'(, ( ( ( ( +*/, )( ( /(8 )'++(*( C / )(// ,*/, ,,(*( ( (:. L'(, )( /,(+8 (K' ( K' / / , ' ( ( ( +*/ +*/,, ;' ;'(( , ,* *+( +(( ( *(/( *(/(/ / ,,(*(. L'(, )( (?8 (?8 ()*' @)* @)* ;'( )(8 ( ( 9 )' ,*(+,. E ( ( +*/, 9 )' ,*(+, )(, ()/, 1.". 1.".C C ' '(( ( ,/( ,/(* *K K(( ( (), ( ', ( ,) ,) */() */() ,,(*() ( (:. RESOLUCIONG D*,) M(: 5 ( CCO3 NC NC 9 S+O2 1)
12 ML1%% ML1%% X .....4% D( *,G *,G )( )( (?,/ (?,/ ( ,/( ,/( ,7*(+,) ,7*(+,)(( 1.5 ( ( ' )8+, ;'( )(/< NC. M) +++G 5 M) ,7*(+G 1.5 ( ) 1.5 5 1%% ( ) 3% ( NC. 2º- *,G ) ,7*(+ %."% &S+O20 M) +++G 5 M) ,7*(+G %." ( ) %." 5 1%% ( ) 16 3º- 3º-* *,G ,G ( ,, ,,( (*( *( ;'( ;' ;'( (/ /< < )(/+ )(/+ CCO3 CCO3 ,,( ( ' 56
( '
56 X5 1%% %.56 5 X 2."
E ,')+8 ,(,) (+/ ;'( (: ()*'?, ,'()*, ,/G 3% ( NC 16 ( S+O2 56 ( CCO3.
16
