c UNIVERSITATEA TRANSILVANIA , BRAŞOV c c c c c c c c c
ECONOMIA TURISMULUI PROGRAM DE VALORIFICARE A POTENŢIALULUI TURISTIC AL JUDEŢULUI HARGHITA c c c c Profesor coordonatorc:cc¬ cc c c c c c c Elevacc c c Specializareccc Forma de învăţământccc Anulccc
c c c c c c
c
¬cc c CAP. I . Localizarea şi caracterizarea Judeţului ................................................................. pg 3 1.1. Scurt istoric ................................................................................................................pg 3 1.2. Aşezarea geografică ...................................................................................................pg 4 1.3. Căi de acces ................................................................................................................pg 4 1.4. Nivel de dezvoltare economico-socială .....................................................................pg 4 CAP. II. Potenţialul turistic al Judeţului Harghita ...............................................................pg 5 2.1. Resurse turistice naturale ..........................................................................................pg 5 2.2. Resurse turistice antropicec ........................................................................................pg 7 CAP. III. Analiza bazei tehnico-materiale şi a ofertei de servicii ........................................pg 10 3.1. Dimensiunile capacităţii de cazare în Harghita.......................................................pg 10 3.2. Capacitatea de cazare turistică existentă ................................................................pg 11 3.3. Capacitatea de cazare turistică în funcţiune ...........................................................pg 11 3.4. Capacitatea şi activitatea turistică în Judeţul Harghita ........................................pg 12 3.5. Indicele de utilizare netă a capacităţii de cazare ....................................................pg 12 CAP. IV. Analiza circulaţiei turistice ......................................................................................pg 14 CAP . V. Propuneri de valorificare .........................................................................................pg 16 CAP. VI. Concluzii personale ...................................................................................................pg 18 BIBLIOGRAFIE ANEXE
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CAPITOLUL I LOCALIZAREA ŞI CARACTERIZAREA JUDEŢULUI
c 1.1.c Scurt istoric c !" c "cc c "#c $"c%c "#cc
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c c 5 c - $"c c c66 c $c+ !c c$c c c% "cc cc , )c c" - cc c " "c ""()c
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1.2.c Aşezarea geografică ccccc=(cc !" c "c " "c%c " c" #c c ( c+ " )c
cc (c c( c# ? !" c "c # ("c c (cc% # "c c( < )c#$ $c$c)c
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c c " c *"c "cc c " c c c # c %c c$c & )c "" " c " #c "c ,"#c c c " "c c c c "c "c
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CAPITOLUL II POTENŢIALUL TURISTIC AL JUDEŢULUI HARGHITA
2.1. Resursele turistice naturale 2.1.1. Relieful c*(c cc&#c "cc c" #c c ( c+ " )cc c " cc " c%" #c c ( cc & #)c c$c'" " " c "#c
c& ( c #c "c c "c "ccc#c ( c " c " "c c ( c "? ")c%" c c c" ,#c$c-" c c" " 2c< ))
c c c#c- a ü c" #c #c "c30Acc" " c*()c$c "c #""#ccc(c< C9C)c #$ $87>)970)1 " ()(c# cc- c, c# ccè0>)(c < !888c$c(c !"cc/0c 2.1.2. Clima c=(c !" ) "c " "#c, c" " )cc c cc "#c c #c$c c "c c# c, cc% !(c * )c%cc
)c c30c"c "c% !( c"- ,cc # #c2 c! c$c%cc c?c4c$cc" cc" #)c% -c! cc "& ¬ " (cc c ,#c%" cCC0c?c000ccD è c c%c c" " c "c c #)cc
"c c c #c" c" "c,c "c c (# )c c%c "c*(c " c "c"c c&-#)c"c ##" cc "c1 ,c c c c" " #c2E>3)CFc4c c "c# "#c c+ !c c%c7Cè)c c c #,"#c2c>CcF4c%c 7è7c¬ c # #c c(c "c9>cAcc c "cc , c "cc c, c "c "#c "c c cc- ac 2.1.3. Solul şi zăcămintele naturale cc=(c !" cc& ,#cc cc " c c c$c c )cc c ," "cc " cc " "c.c c.)c ,"-c c/CAcc "" c (c c: ( c" c "c%c c )c%" cè0? >CA)c c)c% #cc' cc" "ccc"c c c # c$c "c c c" c c Cc
c
c "c& "c%c,##"c " c cc c$cc )c ")c ,c" ) )c ")cc & , "cc # cc&$ c$c " c "c%c " (c ,")c")"#)c )c " $c " "#c c c )c, c "c& "#c%c (c c$cc&'cc &c "c$c%c c )c c$c, c" c$ccc
#c #)c c c # c c""c" " c*(c" c & #(c " c c" & c ""c )c " )c# &c$c c #c 2.1.4. Hidrografia cccccccc:c*(c !" c, # c - c+")c $)c- c#)c- c )c "$c$c1 " cc" c& ,c "c "cc c+")c $c $c "c+"c, #$"c%c c#$ $c c cc ""ccè/0c)c$c " #& "c cc cc " (#cc/0c@c (c "cc*(c !" c "1 " )c "$c$c,acc c "c c c*(c "c-" c )5 c$)c5 c c$c5 c , c c cc c" #c "c%" c " c c # " "c" "c "c5 c-" c )c " "c c c ""cc7C0cc%c c "c +c "#c " "c " #c "c5 c$)c " "c%c c#$ $c c "cc c c cc& *c " cc( #)c "c%c c/>8)c -cc (#ccè)3c!" c$cc -cc0)Ccc 5 c )c $, "c- #c¬ &c c cc ""cc300c" )c c "c%c cc cc
c$c cc (#ccè)/c!" c 5 c, cc c c- c#!"$c2 " "c cc ""cc8C0c4c cc "#cc>00c c$cc
-cc>)Ccc 2.1.5. Flora ccccccc. " ( c*(cc "cc c& c "c& "#c$c "#)c #cc cc c -#c cc* c c - c+c (#ccèè/39c!" c "c
"#cc # cc c # -"c "c #$ c28>A4)c "cc c27A4c $c "* c2èA4c #ccc", )c # c " c "( cc2' c )c "( c
)c # c " c (c$c c "* "4c ,"#c>CAccc " )c "c3CAc "c " "c' "# c¬c "c c )c%c#" " c cc")c$c%c!c" c "c ,"c-" c c "c cc cc" c #)c" c$c "" c cc"c 2.1.6. Fauna ; c "c &"cc& "#c " "#c%" c # cc #$ c$c c
c c%"- c cc c c "c c%" c (c ")cc c cc c& c ")c )c &c ")c - )c* c" c # # c "c $cc")c#" )c cc")c$ )c!! ,)c&! )c ( )c )c ( cc "c c - c "c "cc # " #)c&$" c$c$" c 3c
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2.1.7. Rezervaţii naturale şi monumente ale naturii p ) c cc c" #c " "c%" c " c ü c c* c c ,#cc , (c ') c$c "#c
p )c c c cc& *c " cc- c "c%c/8>c c #&$ cc c (cc" cc c "c "c c"c $c c c%* #c c c "c "#c , (c "#c$c "#c %c c+") c cc$ c)c $"c " #c ")"c & c cc c c "ccc 2 c8c@cc c4) " "#c "cc
#c#(#c cc c$ c c c?c , ( c " #cG!H"c2 cc 4c -c cc )c
c -c c c "cc c c%* #c¬ )c "c &c
"c - c c c>c@cc " c "#(c " c "c% "cc (c & &(cc )c (c # "c c c" c%c
(cc c cc " ccc cccccccccÚ c c ) c. c.- !$) "c c c #c $" #cc (c+ " c "c &#cc c.$#&) c" c" # c
c$c c"#cc c
c c c%c "c c ! " "c- #c " ( c1 c ! c2 c>c@cc " ( c5 c$c$c c>0c@cc "cc
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2.2.2. Vestigii istorice Vestigiile cetăţii Mikocc c) " "#c%c3è) c" cc " (c " )c c c c@c; )" c " "#c :c ,"c # "$"c,c" c c*(c c cccccccVestigiile cetăţii dacice Sangidava c ( B Ruinele castrului roman c+ !c Bc Castelul Lazărcc5#, c2 c6.c4) c c # "c c )< & c1"!c "c "c c" cc c c " (c " "cc c c Cetatea medievală c+ !c c2 c6.c4Bc Cetatea ţărănească c- ( c29994Bc Ruinele cetăţii Bothcc
)c c c # "c c "c c2%c¬ 4c c 2.2.3. Edificii religioase Complexul baroc Şomuleucc c) " "c%c/09c cc## " c ; c#"c%c99ècc cc c(c c" cc c c " (cc #cc c Mănăstirea Sf. Prooroc Ilie c ( )c "c $, "#c%" c #c ##)c c ")cc c% " cc$c -#c%c,c " cc #c$c "#cc ," c c cBiserica romano catolică c #$c2 c6.c4) " "#c%c "c "c"- ,)c
c " c c" cc3CCc c Biserica unitariană c " c c2 c6c4)c c%c c6.Bc Biserica romano catolică fortificată c- ( c29994) c # " ,#c"c "c $c Biserica din Delniţac2 c6.4) " "#c%c "c $" ) c cc "#c,#cc " #c #c '" #cccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc/c
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2.2.4. Obiective de interes turistic accesibile din localitate " 20c@4cc5 c )c c $"c$cc& ,#cc" " "Bc 2èc@4cc " cc #) ", ") " c%c) # c$c ,cc ," Bc 1, "c "2>0c@4cc " cc "cc c. c$),&c%#cc cc
c c c "c " " Bc $290c@4cc,c ## cc Bc - c"#(2>0c@4c # " ## )c! c # )c cc "c$c "Bc ¬ "c" c12èèc@4c c" ")c - "cc !c c 2.2.5. Principalele trasee turistice în zonă Kcc>ècc1 $cc
c c c 1 ), c !$)c " cc "c c c
c c$c%c, c+ !)c%c cGL@c2M"c# 4c $c- #c " c c) " cc "c% &c " c" " c& c ")c c$c c & c" c V #$ #' ( #!) (c c$c "c c*(c !" c "c " * c
"# c " cc #c,c "c )c " "cc,# c "c )c c " c " cc #c
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CAPITOLUL III ANALIZA BAZEI TEHNICO-MATERIALE ŞI A OFERTEI DE SERVICII Unităţi turistice de cazare în judeţul Harghita : 6 * "c;J)c; )c- )c$ )c $)c¬ @)c; " )c&)c " )c.,)c " )c )c")c, J)c5 c$c"cBc *c !" )c1,"cN )c ")c )c )c Bc # *c )c1 c." )c¬@ ")c @)c¬ )c )c )c;$ )c )c )c1 ,)c1 )c '" c" )c )c; cc()c¬ )c " cc )cN c"cBc *c",)c¬ )c; )c1 )c# )c )c ')c ( )c< )c , c )c )c. @)c +@" )c Jc5 @)c )c )cNcBc & # *c,c1)c !" )c1)c1 )c; J)c1 ,")c )c " )c !" ## $Bc $' *c !" 1#)c")c¬ c )cü" )c "JBc '# *c !" 1#)c!#$"Bc *c. )cI #)cBc # *cc c c!cN#"#)c c c!c J cc$cè)c Jc )cJ@)c, )c )cN! ,)c c c 3.1. Dimensiunile capacităţii de cazare în Harghita c c
è00c èc c c 0c 9c 9Cc >c è7c >8c c
è00èc /c c c è/c >c >7c >c 38c >c c
c c è00>c Cc c c >èc c èèc >c 7c èc c
140c
161 c
166 c
c
c
c"#( c# c " c$c" c " c " c" "c " c & c" "c
c$c"#(c" c# (#c .c" "c$c& c
& ccc$c $ c ¬ c" "c & c$c c ¬ c " "c ¬ c" "c c + 5c
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è009c 8c c c 90c èc 7c >c 79c èc c
è00Cc èCc c èc /c èc 8c >c è>/c ccccc èc
177c
298 c 0c
c
c" &c " c c& #c#c%c c , "#)cè00ccè00C)c# c " " cc c " "#c c "c# c "c+c $" c c " "#c c& #c%c cè00C)c c "cc
"c c,"# cc &c c" cc -c " " cc , c c c c " c c % " "c!" )ccècAc$c c" ")cc37cAc :c c , "#c c * "cc " c c "#cc!"c " c" "c2è00C4)c#c c " "c2è00C4c$cc! "c2è00C4c¬ "c cè00Cc ! ,#c c%c c c% "c #c c #c "(c$c%c ! "cc , c 3.2. Capacitatea de cazare turistică existentă ccccccccccc c"#( c5 c " c$c" c " c " c" "c " c .c" "c$c& c & c" "c ¬ c" "c & c$c c ¬ c " "c c$c"#(cc" c# (#c ¬ c" "c & ccc$c $ c c + 5c
c è00c C70c c c 337c è7Cc è8/c è3>c 3èc c è7Cc
c è00èc C3c c c è87c è8/c >83c 9èc 7èc c è7Cc
c c è00>c è009c 90c c977c c c c c /08c C37c >0Cc >0c CC9c 33Cc 309c C/8c /0c 733c c c è7Cc è7Cc
c è00Cc è0è8c >è3c C0c 9>9c è9/c èè3c c 733c /èc è7Cc
6.552
6.393
6.155
7.644
5.882
c c" &c " )c c& #c#c# c cc , c c "c "c$ )c%ccc>Ac c c c c "c("#cc!" c+c $" c c "#c cc "#c "c c c c "-"c & c$c c-"c$c " ")c cc% #c#c# c c " c%c "c c "c c#c c "c " "c "c & )c c #,"c$ )c c" & ccc$c $ c c("c 3.3. Capacitatea de cazare turistică în funcţiune (mii locuri-zile)
Capacitatea existentă
Ani
(locuri)
Capacitatea în funcţiune ( mii locuri-zile)
2001
3CCèc
3CC)>c
2002
3>7>c
>>)3c
2003
3CCc
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2004
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9è8)c
2005
8399c
>0)/c
c c
c
3.4. Capacitatea şi activitatea turistică în judeţul Harghita :
Anul
Capacitatea de cazare existentă (nr. locuri)
Turişti cazaţi
Înnoptări
români
străini
-cEc " #c
c c
2001
3Cèèc
8è/89c
è/èCc
>C3700c
c
2002
3>7>c
CC>Cèc
83/7c
è/7700c
c c
2003
3CCc
33/Cc
è808c
>7C00c
2004
C//èc
808>3c
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>9>300c
c
2005
8399c
3C>/c
è>337c
>è00c
c
c
c c 3.5. Indicele de utilizare netă a capacităţii de cazare : c c Anul c Indicele de utilizare (%)
c 2001 c è)3c
c
c 2002 c è)/c
c 2003 c è9)c
c 2004 c è>)>c c
c 2005 c è8)Cc
c
c Unităţi de alimentaţie în judeţul Harghita : p # *5 )c<,)c @ )c ,)c )c1"!)c1 )c1 #()c &
"")c " )c J)c )c )c;J )c< )c *)c " )c5
)c¬ @)c¬"!)c.-#" c$c ¬ )c- cBc +# % +*1 ")c1 1 )c1 J cBc * ¬&O¬,, c )c c )c¬,, è)c &)c<& c )c; 'cBc # * ; "")c; @c¬ )c1( )c "!cBc * " ,)c,)c,c1)c1 # c< & )c,)c< Jc1 )cN , )c "c1 )cJ c1 cBc * Lc1 c )c @)c c
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c
Unităţi şi servicii de agrement în judeţul Harghita : *¬ c ( c!c1 ,#$ $)c¬ c cc c5" )c¬ c " c # cBc V ,'* - cc cc c cc )c' ,( cc-, cc- #c c
)c' ,(cc&"cc ", "c "cc #)c cc ! c' " #)c' ,( c " "#cc¬)c' ,( c" #cBc & #' * ( cc !c )c ( c*( #c c.-#" c$c¬ c ")c ( c=( #cc;"& )c ( c "#c ()c&c "c )c&cI !)c ; ( c¬ =)c@@ cN "cN&c"Bc $ *c )c, cBc & *c,)c. )c& ")c !"c&)cc¬ )c !c¬&cBc Ú# *c ; !)c )c< Jc c Unităţi de tratament : V c c "c" " cc (c c2 "# c #c "c )c"& # c " )c (c c c )c! " c " #)c"& # c " 4)c (c c "c c2 ,#c "#)c "c " ")c "# c "c )c "# cc& #c,#c$c "" #4)cc (c "c2&c c " )c"& # c( c c)c " "c )" ")c !,c& 4)c (c c2! " c$ #)c (#c #)c& c 1 P4cBc % " "#cc%c c¬ " c cc ""ccC/0c)cc "c " ")c
" c, ")c cc -c c "c c (c"
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CAPITOLUL IV ANALIZA CIRCULAŢIEI TURISTICE
4.1. Analiza circulaţiei turistice Numărul sosirilor de turişti în perioada 2001 - 2005 c c c # c c c " $"c cc2 / c4c
è00c è00èc è00>c è009c è00Cc
/C38èc 8>0>7c 7>7èèc 00C8Cc /Cè08c
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& (c
" c "c " cc $" c
c 0cccccccccc è3>>c /èC0c 970>c 93Cc
U c cccccc è3>>c 9>/>c 33C>c C>3/c
ë %c 00c /C)èCc 07)3>c 8)>7c 77)9Cc
cccccc " cc " cc $" c
(cc c & "#c
(cc c "#c /c ë U Xc ë p U %c %c %c %c %c cccccc 0c ccccccc c c c c c c c /C)èCc 9)8Cc 9)8Cc c è/)C7c 7)3>c è/)C7c /83/>c 39>è)8c 77)>9c 0)33c 08)0/c 8)>7c 8)/c /9)8c 0)CCc C)è7c
c "c& c#c " cQ Rcc c "cc(c #c c #,"cc cè00è)c c "cc c è00>)cè009c$c c #,"ccc%c cè00Cc:c)c# c c c "cc/83/>)c% " - cc cc & "c "cc39>èc$cc "ccc $" c""c "cc0)33cc
Numărul înnoptărilor de tuirşti în perioada 2001 ± 2005 c c c c
è00c è00èc è00>c è009c è00Cc c
c c # c % "# c " $"c 2 / 4c >C3700c è/7700c >7C00c >9>300c >è00c
" c & (c
c
0c 38000c >8900c >>00c 9C800c
" c "c " cc " cc $" c $" c
" cc (cc (cc c & "#c c "#c / c ë ë U p p U c ë p c %c %c U %c %c %c %c cccccc 00c cccccc 0c c c c c c c c c 38000c /)èèc /)èèc /)8/c /)8/c c è7300c /7)Cèc 0)èc 0)9/c 0)èc >è9èè0c )9èCc 7C)C0c 9)Cc è900c 73)è8c 08)C9c >)8>c 8)C9c >è900c /8)7c 70)C8c è)/c 7)9>c
c" &c " c c& #c#c%c cè00c?cè00C)c " ccQ "# Rccc c "cc(c #)c "c#ccè00c%cè00èc c #,")c -c
cc $" c "c c -#c%c cè009)c c%c "c )cè00C)c c #,"cccc 9c
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