Emsmjcjbm Vaiyagnuhli Cu`l dli El`tjr Vaibhlgnlt Vaibhlgnlt Vaiyagnuhli Cu`l @rjim`
Mvli ]jsaph _lputrl El`uctls @adj`tarli @rmdl Rlolil Kc. Lrkuil Qtlrl Ij. 5 Kl`lrtl <<1<6. Tacaphjia ; (6><) 15=4->65<, elx ; (6><) 15?-<2?< Lclglt `jraspjidaism; mvliyjsaphFbglmc.ojg
Lnstrl`; Cu`l dli oadarl `ucmt klrlib gaidlplt parhltmli `husus dlrm jrlib-jrlib. Hlc mim dm`lrail`li `ucmt dlplt sagnuh daibli saidmrmiyl. Vldlhlc `arusl`li `ucmt gagnult jrlib tarplplr tarhldlp paiyl`mt dli cmib`uibli. Ilgui, tmdl` sagul sac `ucmt sagnuh daibli saidmrmiyl, ldl el`tjr-el`tjr ylib gaiyanln`li `ucmt gaiblclgm cu`l `rjim` dm glil paiyagnuhli cu`l tmdl` tarkldm nardlslr`li wl`tu ylib ijrglc. Cu`l `rjim` dlplt gaiyanln`li `jgpcm`lsm sapartm0 pardlrlhli, hagltjgl, miea`sm, blibrai dli gutlsm sac. Vaidarmtl cu`l `rjim` hlrus gaiklclim `jgnmilsm tarlpm elrgl`jcjbm glupui tarlpm ijielrgl`jcjbm uitu` gaioablh `jgpcm`lsm dli gagparoaplt pai yagnuhli. @ltl `uiom; paiyagnuhli cu`l, cu`l `rjim` Lnstrlot; wjuids lid s`mi mikurmas rlracy raoamva lttaitmji erjg tha pajpca, thms ms naolusa tha s`mi oli halc mtsace. _`mi dlglba olusad axpjsura erjg dmsalsas lid aivmrjigait, aivmrjigait, halc mtsace. Hjwavar, ijt lcc s`mi oaccs halc ny mtsace, thara lra elotjrs thlt olusa ohrjimo wjuids, whara halcmib djas ijt joour ji tha ijrglc parmjd. Ohrjimo wjuids oli cald tj ojgpcmoltmjis suoh ls ncaadmib, hagltjgl, mieaotmji, blibraia lid oacc gutltmji. Vltmaits wmth ohrjimo wjuids shjucd tl`a l ojgnmiltmji je phlrglojcjbmolc tharlpy lid iji phlrglojcjbmolc tharlpmas tj pravait ojgpcmoltmjis lid lid prjgjta halcmib. @aywjrds; wjuids halcmib, ohrjimo wjuids wjuids Vaidlhuculi
@ucmt garupl`li slclh sltu partlhlili tunuh tarhldlp nlhlyl cmib`uibli. @ucmt gacmiduibm tunuh dlrm `arusl`li l`mnlt ga`lim`, rldmlsm, aea` targlc, `mgml, dli glsu`iyl gm`rjjrblimsga. Cu`l gaimgnuc`li hmclibiyl euibsm parcmiduibli jcah `ucmt. Nl`tarm dlplt glsu` `a klrmibli ylib canmh dlclg dli gaimgnuc`li parclwlili tunuh sartl gaimgnuc`li rmsm`j miea`sm.
<
_aclgl hmdup, `anliyl`li jrlib parilh cu`l ltlu oadarl. @anliyl`li cu`l `aomc dlplt sagnuh daibli saidmrmiyl tlipl parhltmli `husus, hlc mim dm`lrail`li jrlib ylib cu`l gagmcm`m nlhli-nlhli dlslr ylib dmparcu`li uitu` paiyagnuhli cu`l sapartm supclm dlrlh ou`up, smstag `a`anlcli utuh, stltus iutrmsm nlm`. Ilgui tmdl` sagul cu`l sagnuh daibli saidmrmiyl, hlc mim dm`lrail`li ldliyl el`tjr-el`tjr mitarilc glupui a`starilc ylib gaibblibbu ga`limsga paiyagnuhli. _ahmibbl dmparcu`li pailiblili `husus dlrm culr uitu` gagnlitu paiyagnuhliyl. Cltlr Nacl`lib Glslclh
_ajrlib cl`m-cl`m 41 tlhui, dltlib `a pjcm`cmim` `lrail dlarlh pmpm `mrm slgpmib oupmib hmduib ldl cu`l ylib tmdl` sagnuh-sagnuh canmh dlrm dul nucli. Cu`l gl`mi clgl gl`mi gacanlr dli gaidlclg. _udlh dmjnltm daibli jnlt cu`l tatlpm tmdl` ldl parnlm`li. ^ugusli Glslclh
_ajrlib cl`m-cl`m narusml 41 tlhui gaidarmtl cu`l `ucmt ylib tmdl` sagnuh-sagnuh, pldlhlc sudlh dmnarm jnlt. Lilcmsms Glslclh
_tru`tur @ucmt
Daemimsm Cu`l dli Cu`l @rjims
Tarlpm Cu`l @rjim`
Cu`l @ucmt ylib Tmdl` _agnuh Emsmjcjbm Vaiyagnuhli Cu`l
@jgpcm`lsm Cu`l @rjim` Vaibhlgnlt Vaiyagnuhli Cu`l
Hmpjtasms
>
Cl`m-cl`m narugur 41 tlhui gaidarmtl `li`ar `ucmt _lslrli Vagnaclklrli Vagnaclklrli
<. Glhlsmswl gaibatlhum stru`tur `ucmt >. Glhlsmswl gaibatlhum daemimsm cu`l dli cu`l `rjim` ?. Glhlsmswl gaibatlhum emsmjcjbm paiyagnuhli cu`l 4. Glhlsmswl gaibatlhum el`tjr-el`tjr paibhlgnlt paiyagnuhli cu`l 1. Glhlsmswl gaibatlhum `jgpcm`lsm cu`l `rjim` 5. Glhlsmswl gaibatlhum tarlpm cu`l `rjim` Vagnlhlsli
<. @ucmt @ucmt ldlclh slclh sltu jrbli ylib nareuibsm uitu` gacmiduibm gliusml dlrm `arusl`li tunuh ylib dmsanln`li jcah nlhlyl cmib`uibli. _aclmi gacmiduibm tunuh gliusml, `ucmt nareuibsm uitu` gaiba`s`rasm olmrli tunuh ylib narcanmhli ltlu tmdl` dmnutuh`li jcah gliusml. @ucmt tarnlbm ltls tmbl clpmsli0 apmdargms, dargms, dli hmpjdargms.< Apmdargms garupl`li nlbmli tarculr dlrm `ucmt ylib nareuibsm uitu` gaioablh nl`tarm glsu` `a dlclg tunuh. _anlbmli naslr apmdargms tarsusui ltls `arltmijsmt (apmtac narclpms bapaib), saclmi mtu tardlplt sac-sac clmi sapartm gaclijsmt, puclu clibarhlis dli sac gar`ac.> Apmdargms dlplt dmnlbm clbm gaikldm nanarlpl sun-clpmsli (dlrm culr `a dlclg)0 ?
_trltug `jriaug
_trltug cusmdug
_trltug brliucjsug
_trltug spmijsug
_trltug bargmtmvug
Dargms ldlclh clpmsli `ucmt dmnlwlh apmdargms ylib nliyl` tarsusui jcah klrmibli m`lt dli gaibliduib sarlt `jclbai dli sarlt aclstms. Dargms kubl gaibliduib emnrjncls, gl`rjelb, dli klrmibli ldmpjsl. Dargms dmnlbm gaikldm dul sun-clpmsli0 4
_trltug plpmclrms
_trltug ra`tm`uclrms
?
Hmpjdargms ltlu sun`utli narldl pldl nlbmli tarnlwlh clpmsli `ucmt. Hmpjdargms gaibliduib klrmibli ldmpjsl, emnrjncls, ldmpjsl, emnrjncls, gl`rjelb , `acaiklr `armiblt, ejcm`ac rlgnut, slcurli cmgeltm` dli pagnucuh dlrlh. 1 >. Cu`l dli cu`l `rjim` Cu`l ldlclh rusl` ltlu tarputusiyl `autuhli klrmibli ylib dmsanln`li saolrl emsm` ltlu ga`lim`. _atmlp kaims cu`l gaimgnuc`li parldlibli, ylib garupl`li ral`sm tunuh tarhldlp oadarl. Varldlibli dlplt dmdaemimsm`li sanlblm ral`sm klrmibli tarhldlp oadarl, ylib saolrl `hls tardmrm ltls raspjis vls`uclr dli sacuclr, ylib saolrl narslgl-narslgl naruslhl gaibhliour`li sunstlism ylib dm`ailcm sanlblm lsmib uitu` tunuh. Klrmibli mtu `agudmli dmpucmh`li sapartm sadml`lcl ltlu dmparnlm`m sadagm`mli rupl lblr klrmibli ltlu jrbli mtu dlplt nartlhli hmdup. 5 Vaiyagnuhli saolrl mdalc naruslhl gagucmh`li klrmibli lslciyl, ilgui nmcl tmdl` guib`mi, l`li tarnaitu` klrmibli plrut. ^ldlib ldl ylib l`ut dli ylib gailhui. Vaiyanln plcmib ugug dlrm parldlibli ldlclh <) miea`sm (dlrm gm`rjnl dlclg klrmibli), >) trlugl emsm` (sarmib dmsartlm pardlrlhli dlclg klrmibli), ?) oadarl `mgmlwm, rldmlsm, ga`lim` ltlu targlc (ylib clibsuib garlibslib klrmibli), 4) ral`sm mgui (gaimgnuc`li raspji hmparsaismtmvmtls dlclg klrmibli).5 Tlnac <. Kaims-Kaims Cu`l Ga`lims dli Emsm`
Cu`l
5
Daemimsm
G a`lim`
Mismsm @jitusm
Dmsanln`li jcah lclt pagjtjib0 tapmli cu`l rltl dli rlplt. Dmsanln`li jcah naidl tugpuc, ugugiyl garusl` pargu`lli `ucmt ltlu jrbli0 gaimgnuc`li gaimgnuc`li pardlrlhli ltlu a`mrijsms pldl klrmibli ylib tar`ail. Lnrlsm Dmsanln`li jcah basa`li ltlu `arj`li pldl clpms-clpms apmdargms `ucmt ltlu gagnrli gu`jsl. Clsarlsm Dmsanln`li jcah rjna`li pldl klrmibli l`mnlt naidl tugpuc0 rjna`li klrmibli tmdl` tarltur. Vuibsm Dmsanln`li jcah tartusu`iyl klrmibli ltlu jrbli jcah naidl ruiomib, sapartm pl`u ltlu klrug. Emsm`
Gm`rjnl @mgml Targlc ^ldmlsm
Jrblimsga hmdup dlplt gagpaiblruhm `ucmt, gagnrli gu`jsl, jrbli, dli lcmrli dlrlh0 gaibhlsmc`li a`sjtj`smi0 ltlu gacapls`li aidj`tj`smi ltlu gagpablruhm sac-sac clmi. Lbai ylib tj`sms` uitu` sac-sac tartaitu0 targlsu` lbai elrglsm, lbai ylib dmnanls`li ia`rjsms sac, lslg, lc`jhjc, cjblg, dli clmi-clmi. _uhu tmibbm ltlu raidlh dlplt gaimgnuc`li gaimgnuc`li cu`l0 mim pldl bmcmrliyl narl`mnlt ia`rjsms sac. smilr uctrlvmjcat ltlu smilr-x gagpaiblruhm gagpaiblruhm apmtac dli ltlu gagnrli gagnrli gu`jsl0 djsms ylib tmibbm dlplt gaimgnuc`li parunlhli pldl smstag slrle puslt, smstag hagjpjmatm`. dli smstag blstrjmitastmlc.
4
Nardlslr`li clgliyl paiyagnuhli, cu`l dlplt dmbjcjib`li gaikldm dul yl`im0 2
Cu`l l`ut, garupl`li cu`l ylib nlru tarkldm ylib dlplt dmsagnuh`li sasulm daibli clgl elsa paiyagnuhli ylib ijrglc (wl`tu paiyagnuhli dlplt dmpar`mrl`li)
Cu`l `rjim`, garupl`li cu`l ylib taclh narclibsuib clgl `lrail paiyagnuhli ylib ijrglc ltlu cu`l ylib sarmib `lgnuh (wl`tu paiyagnuhli cu`l tmdl` dlplt dmpar`mrl`li).
Vldl paidarmtl cu`l l`ut, cu`l sahlrusiyl sagnuh saidmrm sataclh ? gmibbu dli tarkldm ragjdaccmib . Vaidarmtl cu`l `rjim` tarhlgnlt dlclg prjsas paiyagnuhliyl, dlrm slclh sltu elsa ylib ldl. Vaidarmtl cu`l `rjim` dlplt dmdaemimsm`li blblc saolrl urutli glupui `atapltli wl`tu dlclg prjsas parnlm`li, ylib gaiomptl`li jrbli ylib samgnlib saolrl liltjgm glupui euibsmjilc. ?. Emsmjcjbm paiyagnuhli cu`l Tunuh naruplyl gagucmh`li `arusl`li klrmibli dli jrbli `agnlcm gaikldm stru`tur dli euibsm ylib ijrglc daibli olrl gagnulib sac ylib sliblt rusl` sahmibbl tmdl` dlplt nareuibsm `agnlcm dli gaibblitmiyl daibli sac nlru. Vrjsas emsmjcjbm paiyagnuhli cu`l dlplt dmnlbm `a dlclg 4 elsa utlgl; M.
8,=
^aspjis mieclglsm l`ut tarhldlp oadarl; gaiol`up hagjstlsms, pacaplsli dlrm gadmltjr (hmstlgmi (hmstlgmi uitu` gacanlr`li pagnucuh dlrlh ltlu vlsjdmcltlsm) dlrm sac-sac ylib rusl` dli gmbrlsm sac dlrlh putmh (cau`jsmt (cau`jsmt pjcmgjrejiu`calr dli gl`rjelb ) `a tagplt ylib rusl` tarsanut.
MM.
Elsa dastru`tme ldlclh elsa pagnarsmhli klrmibli ylib gltm dli ylib gaiblclgm davmtlcmslsm jcah cau`jsmt pjcmgjrejiu`calr dli gl`rjelb.
MMM.
Elsa prjcmearltme, ylmtu pldl sllt emnrjncls emnrjncls gacatl`li sunstlism dlslr dli sarlnutsarlnut `jclbai, sartl pagnaitu`li pagnucuh dlrlh `lpmcar nlru jcah tuils aidjtacmlc (libmjbaiasms)0 tlidl-tlidl mieclglsm nar`urlib dli guouciyl klrmibli brliucl ylib garupl`li paiyj`jib sunstlism dlslr dli sarlnut `jclbai.
MU.
Elsa glturlsm gaiol`up ra-apmtacmslsm ra-apmtacmslsm,, `jitrl`sm cu`l jcah gyjemnrjncls gyjemnrjncls dli rajrblimslsm klrmibli m`lt jcah emnrjsmt jcah emnrjsmt . Tlnac >. Elsa Vaiyagnuhli Cu`l Elsa Vaiyagnuhli
Rl`tu
1
<6
_ac
Hjgajstlsms
_abarl
Vcltacats
Mieclglsm
Hlrm <-4
Iautrjemc, Gl`rjelb
Vrjcmearlsm
Hlrm 4-><
Gl`rjelb, Cmgejsmt, Cmgejsmt, Libmjsmt Iautrjsmt, Emnrjnclst, Emnrjnclst, @arltmijsmt
^agjdacmib
Hlrm ><-> tlhui
Emnrjsmt
4. El`tjr-el`tjr paibhlgnlt paiyagnuhli cu`l
A`sudlt
A`sudlt garupl`li olmrli ylib `aculr dlrm cu`l ylib gaibliduib narnlblm sunstlism sapartm lmr, aca`trjcmt, iutrmsm, sac gadmltjr gadmltjr mieclglsm, cau`jsmt, prjtalsa, dcc. Dlclg kugclh sadm`mt, a`sudlt nargliellt uitu` prjsas paiyagnuhli cu`l. A`sudlt cu`l. A`sudlt dmparcu`li dmparcu`li uitu` gaiklbl cmib`uibli ylib jptmglc
nlbm
paiyagnuhli cu`l
dli
nargliellt
gagnarm`li aea` gaiailib`li ( sgjjthmib aeeaot ) ukuib slrle s lrle ylib tarpliklib pldl cu`l sahmibbl gagnlitu gaiburlibm iyarm cu`l. Tatlpm km`l kugclh a`sudlt pldl cu`l narcanmhli, dlplt gaiyanln`li paimib`ltli rmsm`j miea`sm dli glsarlsm. @ucmt dm sa`mtlr cu`l. _aclmi mtu, dm dlclg a`sudlt cu`l `rjim`, kugclh sac gadmltjr mieclglsm dli prjtalsa gaimib`lt. Jcah `lrail mtu a`sudlt ylib narcanmhli hlrus dmhmclib`li dlrm cu`l, gmslciyl daibli paibbuilli sultu drassmib paiyarlp paiyarlp a`sudlt .2
Miea`sm
Miea`sm tmdl` hliyl gaibhlgnlt paiyagnuhli tatlpm kubl dlplt gagparnaslr u`urli cu`l.2
Qsml
Gl`mi clikut usml, cu`l l`li gl`mi clgl sagnuh `lrail raspjis sac dlclg prjsas paiyagnuhli cu`l l`li canmh clgnlt. Blibbuli supclm iutrmsm dli j`smbai pldl cu`l. Blibbuli supclm iutrmsm dli j`smbai kubl dlplt gaibhlgnlt paiyagnuhli cu`l. 2
_tltus Bmzm
Bmzm nuru` l`li gagparclgnlt paiyagnuhli cu`l `lrail `a`urlibli vmtlgmi, gmiarlc, prjtami dli zlt-zlt clmi ylib dmparcu`li dlclg prjsas paiyagnuhli cu`l.2,8
Vaiyl`mt ylib Gaidlslrm
5
Cu`l pldl paidarmtl dmlnatas gacmtus, liagml, uragml, lrtarmjs`carjsms, lrtarmjs`carjsms, nmlsliyl l`li sucmt sagnuh ltlu nlh`li dlplt gagnuru`. 2,8
Garj`j`
_ultu studm s tudm gaiuiku``li nlhwl rj`j` dlplt gagparclgnlt paiyagnuhli `lrail dlplt garusl` emnrjncls emnrjncls ylib paitmib dlclg prjsas paiyagnuhli cu`l. 2
_trass
_trass ylib narclibsuib clgl kubl l`li gaibhlgnlt paiyagnuhli cu`l. 2,8
Jnlt-jnltli
Vaibbuilli starjmd ltlu mguijsuprasli klib`l pliklib dlplt gaiurui`li dlyl tlhli tunuh ylib dlplt gaibhlgnlt paiyagnuhli cu`l. 8 1. @jgpcm`lsm cu`l `rjim`
Vardlrlhli. Hagltjgl. Hagltjgl.
Miea`sm, sapsms. Miea`sm, sapsms.
Blibrai. Blibrai.
_qulgus oaccs olromijgl.5,<6
5. Tarlpm cu`l `rjim`
Vagnarsmhli klrmibli ylib tarcu`l.
Vaibbuilli parnli dli drassmib pldl pldl klrmibli ylib tarcu`l.
Gagnulib klrmibli ia`rjsms. ia`rjsms.
Km`l ldl tlidl-tlidl miea`sm dmnarm`li litmnmjtm` (tjpm`lc ltlu smstagm`).
Km`l dmparcu`li dlplt dmnarm`li litm lilcbatm` dli dli litm mieclglsm.
Km`l ldl blibrai ldl blibrai parcu parcu dmcl`u`li lgputlsm.
Dmcl`u`li nmjpsm km`l nmjpsm km`l dmourmblm tarkldm parunlhli sac ijrglc gaikldm blils. <6
Vaiutup
Cu`l ldlclh rusl` ltlu tarputusiyl `autuhli klrmibli ylib dmsanln`li saolr emsm` glupui ga`lim`. Nardlslr`li wl`tu paiyagnuhliyl, cu`l dmnlbm gaikldm cu`l l`ut dli cu`l `rjim`. Cu`l `rjim` ldlclh `aldlli cu`l ylib tmdl` sagnuh sasulm daibli wl`tu ylib sahlrusiyl `lrail tarhaitmiyl prjsas paiyagnuhli cu`l pldl slclh sltu elsa. Tardlplt narnlblm el`tjr
2
ylib gagpaiblruhm tarhaitmiyl prjsas paiyagnuhli cu`l. Tarhaitmiyl pr jsas paiyagnuhli cu`l dlplt gaiyanln`li `jgpcm`lsm sapartm0 pardlrlhli, hagltjgl, miea`sm, blibrai dli gutlsm sac. Tarlpm elrgl`jcjbm glupui tarlpm iji-elrgl`jcjbm dlplt dm`jgnmilsm`li uitu` gaibltlsm cu`l `rjim`. Vldl glslclh dmltls plsmai gaiblclgm cu`l `rjim` dli dmourmblm gaidarmtl squlgus oaccs olromijgl, olromijgl, uitu` mtu parcu dmcl`u`li nmjpsm uitu` gaibatlhum gutlsm pldl sac sahmibbl dlplt dmcl`u`li pailiblili canmh clikut. Dletlr pustl`l
<. Vrj`soh A, Nrlidiar K G, Kaisai K G. Tha s`mi; li midmspaislnca nlrrmar. Axp Dargltjc >6680 <2(<>); <65? ‟ 2>. 2>. >. GoBrlth K L, Aldy ^ L, Vjpa E G. ^jj`'s Taxtnjj` je Dargltjcjby (2th ad.). Jxejrd; Nclo`wacc Vuncmshmib. p. ?.< ‟ 5. 5. ?. Glr`s K B, Gmccar, Kaeeary. Cjj`mibnmcc lid glr`s' prmiompcas je dargltjcjby (4th ad.). Iaw ]jr`; Acsavmar0 >665. p. <-2. 4. Tjrtjrl B K. Vrmiompcas je liltjgy lid physmjcjby. Iaw ]jr`; Kjhi Rmcay lid _jis Mio0 >66=. p. 662. p. . 5. Tlgnlyjib K. Vltjemsmjcjbm uitu` `aparlwltli. Kl`lrtl; Vaiarnmt Nu`u @adj`tarli AOB0 >666. h. 42-12. 2. Lccavyi. Varlili ejrg drassmib dlclg pailiblili cu`l `rjim`. OD@ >6<>0 ?= (<); 58-=. 8. Gjrmsji G K. Glilkagai cu`l. Kl`lrtl; Vaiarnmt Nu`u @adj`tarli AOB0 >664. h. <1. =. Bmnsji K. Emsmjcjbm dli liltjgm gjdari uitu` `aparlwltli. Jxejrd; Nclo`wacc Vuncmshmib0 >66?. p. >??. <6. Jrstad H C, @alst D, Clclida C E, Gabma G E. Nlsmo prmiompcas je wjuid halcmib. OLRO >6); 4-<>
8
