Xcirhw}iknk kh Hl ]nlrnkaw Bnmxl{nk Dxl{iki}miplicnwin Awihc{nl Khpnw{ndhc{a kh Icohcihwän y Nw~xi{hm{xwn Dhmîcimn kh la} ]alika} III
H}bxhwva} Madgicnka}
H}bxhwva} hc Whmipihc{h} kh Pnwhk Khlonkn [wnc}bawdnmiýc kh H}bxhwva} hc xc Pxc{a ]xphwpa}imiýc kh H}bxhwva}
Mimla I$70>7
Mixknk Xcirhw}i{nwin Awihc{nl, 78 kh Dnya kh 70>7
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
ICKIMH
IC[WAKXMMIAC•#•••••••••••••••••••••••••### 7 AGFH[IRA]••••••••••••##••••••• AGFH[IRA]••••••••• •••##•••••••##•••••••••## ##•••••••••## = H]BXHWVA] MADGICNKA]##••••#•••• MADGICNKA]##••••#•••••••##•••••••• •••##•••••••••## •## ;
># H]BXHWVA] HC WHMIPIHC[H] KH PNWHK KHLONKN ••••••## ••••••## 8
>#> WHMIPIHC[H] H]BHWIMA] ]ADH[IKA] N PWHMIAC••••••• PWHMIAC ••••••• 8 PWH]IAC•••••#•##5 5 >#7 WHMIPIHC[H] MILICKWIMA] ]ADH[IKA] N PWH]IAC•••••#•## 7# [WNC]BAWDNMIAC KH H]BXHWVA] HC XC PXC[A•••••••>0
7#> H]BXHWVA] PWICMIPNLH] Y MAW[NC[H] DNUIDA]••••••## >= 7#7 H]BXHWVA MAW[NC[H DNUIDA HC HL PLNCA••••••••### >2 7#= MIWMXLA KH DAEW PNWN H]BXHWVA PLNCA•###•••••••• >? =# ]XPHWPA]IMIAC KH H]BXHWVA]•••#••••••••###•###••#70
=#> ]XPHWPA]IMIAC KH H]BXHWVA] NUINLH] Y BLHUIAC•••••# 7> =#7 ]XPHWPA]IMIAC KH H]BXHWVA] BLHUIAC Y [AW]IAC••••###
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MACMLX]IACH]••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ;7 WHMADHCKNMIACH]•••••••••••••••••••••••#•# ;= GIGLIAOWNBIN•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ;; WHBHWHCMIN••••••••••••••• WHBHWHCMIN•••• ••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••###;8 •###;8 NCHUA]••••••••••••••••••• NCHUA]••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• ;2
Pîoicn >
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
IC[WAKXMMIAC Hl kh}nwwalla kh h}{h {wngnfa h}{î gn}nka hc {hdn} kh ic{hwé} pnwn hl h}{xkia kh ln wh}i}{hcmin kh dn{hwinlh}, {adncka mada gn}h la} h}bxhwva} y ln} khbawdnmiach} pnwn }x ncîli}i}, h}{a} }ac gî}ima} pnwn hl hc{hckidihc{a kh la} {hdn} n {wn{nw# La} h}bxhwva} madgicnka} whpwh}hc{nc ln }xdn a madgicnmiýc kh rnwia} h}bxhwva} ~xh }ac nplimnka} n xc hlhdhc{a }ihcka h}{a} h}bxhwva} kh mnwon nuinl, h}bxhwva paw mnwon kh blhuiýc a h}bxhwva paw mnwon kh {aw}iýc# ]x kh{hwdicnmiýc h} kh dxmen x{iliknk hc {akn} ln} wndn} kh ln icohcihwän, yn ~xh paw la ohchwnl ohchwnl la} hlhdhc{a} hlhdhc{a} ncnlivnka} ca h}{îc }adh{ika} n xc }ala {ipa kh h}bxhwva, }i ca, dî} gihc
n ln ic{hwnmmiýc kh rnwia} h}bxhwva} kh dnchwn }idxl{îchn#
[ndgiéc h} xc dé{aka pnwn }hlhmmiacnw y kidhc}iacnw hl dn{hwinl nkhmxnka hc xc pwamh}a kh mac}{wxmmiýc# N mac{icxnmiýc }h enmh xc ncîli}i} kh la ~xh }ac la} whmipihc{h} n pwh}iýc kh pnwhk khlonkn %whmipihc{h} miläckwima} y h}béwima}) la} mxnlh} whpwh}hc{nc xcn idpaw{nc{h nplimnmiýc hc hl ncîli}i} kh h}bxhwva pwicmipnldhc{h hc hl ncîli}i} kh h}bxhwva plnca# N Ln {wnc}bawdnmiýc kh h}bxhwva ln mxnl whpwh}hc{n whpwh}hc{n ln whlnmiýc kh h}bxhwva} }agwh kibhwhc{h} plnca} ~xh pn}nc paw xc xc pxc{a# Y hl dé{aka kh }xphwpa}imiýc }xphwpa}imiýc kh h}bxhwva} h}bxhwva} ~xh }iwrh pnwn kh{hwdicnw paw }hpnwnka mnkn xcn kh ln} bxhwvn} ~xh }ac nplimnkn} }agwh hl dihdgwa hc ncîli}i}, pnwn pa}{hwiawdhc{h madgicnw }x} wh}xl{nka} y ag{hchw ln }alxmiýc khl kh l pwaglhdn#
La} h}bxhwva} madgicnka} }ac x}nka} bwhmxhc{hdhc{h }ic knwca} mxhc{n yn }hn hc cxh}{wn} mn}n} ~xh h}{îc ehmen} kh rion}, ~xh madgicnka ki}{ic{a} dn{hwinlh}, }apaw{nc nloxca} dhfaw ln blhuiýc y a{wa} dhfaw ln madpwh}iýc en}{n ln} ownckh} mac}{wxmmiach} hc kackh ln} rion} }ac kh eihwwa y mhdhc{a# Pnwn xcn dhfaw nplimnmiýc }h pwh}hc{nc pwaglhdn} whnlh}, kackh }h rhc icralxmwnka} la} {hdn} nc{h} dhcmiacnka}, kh dnchwn ~xh hc hl ki}hþa kh h}{wxm{xwn} y hlhdhc{a} }adh{ika} n döl{iplh} mnwon} }h khghc {hchw hc mxhc{n xcn }hwih kh mîlmxla} y hlhdhc{a}, pnwn hl ncîli}i} kh la} di}da}#
Pîoicn 7
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
AGFH[IRA]
Ohchwnl
Icrh}{ionw ln {hawän kh H}bxhwva} Madgicnka} nplimnglh}
hc }xphwbimih} kh pnwhk
khlonkn, {wnc}bawdnmiach} hc xc pxc{a y }xphwpa}imiýc kh h}bxhwva}, nkhdî} kh ncnlivnw ln ic{hwnmmiýc kh h}bxhwva} h}bxhwva} nl madgicnw}h hc{wh }ä nl }hw nplimnka n hlhdhc{a} hlhdhc{a} h}{wxm{xwnlh}, kh{hwdicncka }x ic{hc}iknk#
H}phmäbima}
Macamhw hl pwamhkidihc{a pnwn hcmac{wnw la} h}bxhwva} madgicnka} hc }xphwbimih} kh pnwhk khlonkn, {wnc}bawdnmiýc hc xc pxc{a y }xphwpa}imiýc kh h}bxhwva#
Ncnlivnw ln dnchwn hc ~xh }h whlnmiacnc la} h}bxhwva} paw mnwon nuinl, paw mnwon kh {aw}iýc y paw mnwon kh blhuiýc mxncka nm{önc macfxc{ndhc{h, pnwn kh{hwdicnw hl h}bxhwva ch{a#
Wh}alrhw {wh} pwaglhdn} pwîm{ima} hc la} ~xh }hn nplimnglh hl dé{aka kh }xphwpa}imiýc kh h}bxhwva#
Pîoicn =
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
H]BXHWVA] MADGICNKA]
La} h}bxhwva} madgicnka} whpwh}hc{nc ln }xdn a madgicnmiýc khl h}bxhwva kh mnwon nuinl, h}bxhwva paw mnwon kh blhuiýc y h}bxhwva paw mnwon kh {aw}iýc# Hc ln whpwh}hc{nmiýc kh la} h}bxhwva} h}bxhwva} madgicnka}, paw la ohchwnl la} hlhdhc{a} hlhdhc{a} ncnlivnka} ca h}{îc }adh{ika} n xc }ala {ipa kh h}bxhwva, }i ca, dî} gihc n ln ic{hwnmmiýc kh rnwia} h}bxhwva} kh dnchwn }idxl{îchn, h} paw hlla ~xh mac ln bicnliknk kh lamnlivnw hl pxc{a hc kackh ln h}{wxm{xwn llhonwän n bnllnw %pxc{a mwä{ima hc ln h}{wxm{xwn), }h ncnlivn ln ic{hwnmmiýc kh {aka} la} h}bxhwva} n la} ~xh h}{î }adh{ika hl hlhdhc{a# [ndgiéc h} xc dé{aka pnwn kidhc}iacnw y }hlhmmiacnw hl dn{hwinl nkhmxnka pnwn hl hlhdhc{a# Hc la} h}bxhwva} madgicnka} hui}{hc mxn{wa madgicnmiach} pa}iglh } kh mnwon6
H]BXHWVA] MADGICNKA]
Mnwon nuinl y blhuiýc
Mnwon nuinl, {aw}iýc y blhuiýc
Mnwon nuinl y paw {aw}iýc
Mnwon nuinl y blhuiýc
Pîoicn ;
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
># H]BXHWVA] HC WHMIPIHC[H] KH PNWHK KHLONKN
La} whmipihc{h} n pwh}iýc }ac h}{wxm{xwn} mhwwnkn} ~xh mac{ihchc lä~xika} a on}h} n pwh}iýc, hfhdpla kh hlla }ac la} {nc~xh} h}béwima} pnwn nldnmhcndihc{a kh noxn, la} {nc~xh} miläckwima} pnwn niwh madpwidika, {xga} n pwh}iýc y olaga} icblnka}, ln} mnlkhwn} kh rnpaw, la} {nc~xh} kh nldnmhcndihc{a kh lä~xika} a on}h} n pwh}iýc, la} {nc~xh} kh noxn, la} {nc~xh} kh nldnmhcndihc{a kh ownda} y ln} {xghwän} hc{wh a{wa}# ]h
mac}ikhwnwnc
whmipihc{h}
kh
pnwhk
khlonkn
la}
mac{hchkawh} kh bawdn miläckwimn a h}béwimn hc la} ~xh hl h}ph}aw kh ln pnwhk h} ph~xhþa madpnwnka mac hl wnkia y }x lacoi{xk, y hc {nlh} mn}a} }h hcmxhc{wnc hc ln mln}h ohchwnl kh h}{wxm{xwn} macamikn} mada “mn}mnwach}—# %Bioxwn >#0)#
Whmipihc{h}
h}béwima}
}adh{ika}
n
pwh}iýc# Xc {nc~xh kh bawdn h}béwimn h} hl whmipihc{h ikhnl pnwn wh}i}{iw pwh}iýc ic{hwcn# Nloxca} hfhdpla} macamika} }ac {nc~xh}, {xga} y mngicn} kh pwh}iýc hc nhwacnrh} y rheämxla} h}pnminlh}# Mxncka la} whmipihc{h} n pwh}iýc {ihchc pnwhk khlonkn hc madpnwnmiýc n }x} kidhc}iach}
Bioxwn >#0
ohchwnlh}, }h lh} icmlxyh khc{wa kh ln mn{hoawän dî} ohchwnl kh mn}mnwach}# %Bioxwn >#0m)#
Pîoicn 8
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Hl {éwdica kh pnwhk khlonkn ca h} pwhmi}a, phwa xcn wholn ohchwnl h} ~xh ln whlnmiýc kh wnkia
nl h}ph}aw kh ln pnwhk
khgh kh }hw dnyaw ~xh >0 n bic ~xh paknda} kh{hwdicnw
la} h}bxhwva} hc ln} pnwhkh} mac hunm{i{xk wnvacnglh dhkinc{h öcimndhc{h h}{î{imn# Xcn }hoxckn lidi{nmiýc h} ~xh ln pwh}iýc ic{hwcn khgh kh }hw dnyaw ~xh ln hu{hwcn: kh la mac{wnwia, hl mn}mnwac pxhkh bnllnw paw malnp}a khgika nl pnckha kh ln} pnwhkh}# N bic kh enllnw la} h}bxhwva} hc xc whmipihc{h h}béwima, maw{nda} n {wnré} kh ln h}bhwn }hoöc xc plnca kindh{wnl rhw{imnl
y ni}lnda} ln di{nk khl mn}mnwac fxc{a mac }x
mac{hcika kh blxika mada xc }ala mxhwpa ligwh %bioxwn >#>$ n)# ]agwh h}{h mxhwpa ligwh nm{önc la} h}bxhwva} kh {hc}iýc ύ hc ln pnwhk y ln pwh}iýc p khl blxika ~xh phwdnchmh khc{wa khl ehdi}bhwia# Hl ph}a khl {nc~xh y }x mac{hcika }h adi{hc hc h}{h ncîli}i}# Ln pwh}iýc nm{ön eawivac{nldhc{h }agwh hl îwhn miwmxlnw plncn bawdnkn bawdnkn paw hl maw{h maw{h y xcibawdh,
kackh
pwh}iýc
ln
bxhwvn
knka ~xh ln pwh}iýc hc
wh}xl{nc{h
kh
ln
pwh}iýc
h}6
h} hl wnkia ic{hwiaw kh ln h}bhwn# Ag}éwrh}h ~xh ln h} ln pwh}iýc ic{hwcn ch{n, a pwh}iýc dncadé{wimn
%h}{a h}, ln pwh}iýc paw hcmidn kh ln pwh}iýc n{da}béwimn, a
Bioxwn >#>
pwh}iýc hu{hwcn)# Khgika n ln }idh{wän khl whmipihc{h y }x mnwon %bioxwn >#>$g), hl h}bxhwva h}bxhwva kh {hc}iýc ύ
h} xcibawdh xcibawdh nlwhkhkaw nlwhkhkaw kh ln
miwmxcbhwhcmin, nkhdî} mada ln pnwhk h} khlonkn pakhda} }xpachw mac gxhcn pwhmi}iýc
~xh hl h}bxhwva h}{î
ki}{wigxika xcibawdhdhc{h n {wnré} khl h}ph}aw {# Pîoicn 2
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Ln hunm{i{xk kh h}{n npwauidnmiýc }h icmwhdhc{n }hoöc }h rxhlrh dî} khlonka hl mn}mnwac, y }h whkxmh }hoöc }h rxhlrh dî} owxh}a# Ln bxhwvn ag{hcikn n pnw{iw khl h}bxhwva cawdnl h}
, kackh
h} hl h}ph}aw y
h} hl wnkia dhkia khl mn}mnwac
⁋
Paw
}xpxh}{a, knka ~xh cxh}{wa ncîli}i} öcimndhc{h h} rîlika pnwn mn}mnwach} dxy khlonka}, pakhda} mac}ikhwnw ~xh
: hc{acmh}, ln bxhwvn wh}xl{nc{h }h macrihw{h hc
#
Hm# >#0
Mada h} hrikhc{h n pnw{iw kh ln }idh{wän kh xc mn}mnwac h}béwima, h}{n di}dn hmxnmiýc pnwn hl h}bxhwva ύ }h ag{hckwî }i }h pn}n xc plnca n {wnré} kh ln h}bhwn hc mxnl~xihw kiwhmmiýc# Paw la {nc{a, macmlxida} ~xh xcn h}bh h}bhwn wn “pwh}xwivnkn— h}{î }adh{ikn n h}bxhwva} xcibawdh} n {hc}iýc ύ hc {akn} ln} kiwhmmiach}# H}{n mackimiýc kh h}bxhwva }h whpwh}hc{n hc ln % Bio# >#7g ) paw hl ph~xhþa hlhdhc{a mac h}bxhwva} ύ ~xh nm{önc hc kiwhmmiach} dx{xndhc{h phwphckimxlnwh}# phwphckimxlnwh}# Hc ln }xphwbimih hu{hwiaw kh xc whmipihc{h h}béwima n pwh}iýc, ca nm{önc h}bxhwva} cawdnlh} n ln }xphwbimih, paw la ~xh ln mackimiýc kh h}bxhwva} h} xc mn}a h}phminl kh h}bxhwva ginuinl h} hl ~xh
y
}ac ioxnlh} %Bio# >#7$n)# N}ä, hl mäwmxla kh Daew pnwn h}{n mackimiýc kh h}bxhwva }h
whkxmh n xc pxc{a, y mnkn plnca icmlicnka h} xc plnca pwicmipnl# La} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} }ac6
Hm# >#>
[ndgiéc, hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida hc hl plnca h} mhwa# ]ic hdgnwoa, }h khgh nkrhw{iw hl hlhdhc{a h} {wikidhc}iacnl
y ~xh hl {hwmhw h}bxhwva pwicmipnl pwicmipnl %hc ln kiwhmmiýc ) ) h} mhwa# Hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida ng}alx{a, awioicnka dhkinc{h xcn wa{nmiýc kh mxnl~xihwn kh la}
a , h}
khl hlhdhc{a wh}phm{a n
Hm# >#7
Bioxwn >#7
Hc ln }xphwbimih ic{hwiaw kh ln pnwhk khl whmipihc{h h}béwima, hl hlhdhc{a h}bawvnka {ihch la} di}da} h}bxhwva} kh dhdgwncn %Hm# >#0), phwa, nkimiacnldhc{h, nm{ön xc h}bxhwva kh
Pîoicn ?
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
madpwh}iýc hc ln kiwhmmiýc , pwicmipnlh}6
%Bio# >#7$g)# H}{a} {wh} h}bxhwva} cawdnlh} }ac la} h}bxhwva}
Hm #>#=
Hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h hc hl plnca h} mhwa, phwa hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h bxhwn khl plnca %pwakxmika dhkinc{h xcn wa{nmiýc kh
nlwhkhkaw kh mxnl~xihwn kh la} hfh}
]i ln whlnmiýc kh
⁋
y ) ) h}6
Hm# >#;
h} }xbimihc{hdhc{h ownckh, hl öl{ida {éwdica kh h}{n hmxnmiýc pxhkh
adi{iw}h# Hc{acmh} ln hmxnmiýc }h macrihw{h hc ln di}dn Hm#>#=, y }h pxhkh }xpachw ~xh hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida h} mac}{nc{h n {wnré} khl h}ph}aw khl mn}mnwac# [aka {nc~xh h}béwima x{ilivnka mada whmipihc{h n pwh}iýc {hckwî nl dhca} xcn nghw{xwn hc ln pnwhk, n}ä mada rnwia} nmmh}awia} y }apaw{h}# H}{n mnwnm{hwä}{imn awioicn ki}{wigxmiach} ca xcibawdh} kh h}bxhwva} ~xh ca pxhkhc ncnlivnw}h dhkinc{h dé{aka} }idplh}# Mhwmn kh ln} ki}mac{icxiknkh} }h ohchwnc ownckh} h}bxhwva} hc hl mn}mnwac, paw la ~xh whbawvnw}h {nlh} whoiach}#
Whmipihc{h} miläckwima} }adh{ika} n pwh}iýc# La} whmipihc{h} miläckwima} mac }hmmiýc {wnc}rhw}nl miwmxlnw }h hcmxhc{wnc hc ic}{nlnmiach} ickx}{winlh} %{nc~xh} kh niwh madpwidika} y da{awh} kh maeh{h, hc mn}n} kh engi{nmiýc %hu{icoxikawh} kh icmhckia} y ln{n} kh waminkawh}) y hc owncfn} %{nc~xh} kh pwapnca} y }ila} kh ownca})# La} {xga} n pwh}iýc, la} x{ilivnka} pnwn hl ngn}{hmidihc{a kh noxn y ln} {xghwän} kh mnwon, {ndgiéc }h mln}ibimnc mada whmipihc{h} miläckwima} n pwh}iýc# Mac}ikéwh}h neawn xc {nc~xh miläckwima miwmxlnw kh pnwhk khlonkn mac hu{whda} mhwwnka} y pwh}iýc ic{hwcn
%Bio# >#=)# Hc ln bioxwn }h dxh}{wn xc hlhdhc{a h}bawvnka mxyn} mnwn} }ac
pnwnlhln} y phwphckimxlnwh} nl hfh khl {nc~xh# Ncnlivnwhda} la} h}bxhwva} hc xc {nc~xh miwmxlnw kh pnwhk khlonkn }adh{ika n pwh}iýc ic{hwcn# La} h}bxhwva} cawdnlh} hc xc {nc~xh
y
~xh nm{önc }agwh ln} mnwn} ln{hwnlh} kh h}{h
hlhdhc{a }ac h}bxhwva} kh dhdgwncn hc ln pnwhk# Paw la {nc{a, la} h}bxhwva}
y
}ac
Pîoicn 5
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh}# Khgika n }x kiwhmmiýc, hl h}bxhwva miwmxcbhwhcminl a h}bxhwva {ncohcminl: hc bawdn }idilnw,
}h khcadicn h}bxhwva
h} hl h}bxhwva lacoi{xkicnl a
h}bxhwva nuinl# Mnkn xca kh h}{a} h}bxhwva} pxhkh mnlmxlnw}h n pnw{iw p nw{iw khl h~xiligwia dhkinc{h hl
hdplha kh kinowndn} kh mxhwpa ligwh npwapinka}# Pnwn
kh{hwdicnw
hl
h}bxhwva
micmxcbhwhcminl
,
nplimnda} ka} maw{h} %dc y p~) phwphckimxlnwh} nl hfh lacoi{xkicnl y }hpnwnda} xcn ki}{ncmin g %Bioxwn >#=$n)# Lxhoa hbhm{xnda} xc {hwmhw maw{h hc xc plnca rhw{imnl n {wnrh} khl hfh lacoi{xkicnl khl {nc~xh mac la mxnl wh}xl{n hl kinowndn kh mxhwpa ligwh hupxh}{a hc ln bioxwn >#=$g# H}{h mxhwpa ligwh ca mac}i}{h }alndhc{h hc ln pihvn lacoi{xkicnl khl {nc~xh, }ica {ndgihc hl hl blxika mac{hcika khc{wa kh la} maw{h}# La} h}bxhwva} miwmxcbhwhcminlh}
y ln pwh}iac
ic{hwcn p nm{xnc }agwh hl maw{h lacoi{xkicnl %dcp~)# La} h}bxhwva} miwmxcbhwhcminlh}
~xh nm{xnc hc ln pnwhk
khl whmipihc{h {ihch xcn wh}xl{nc{h ioxnl n
, kackh {
h} hl h}ph}aw kh ln pnwhk# Nkhdî}, ln bxhwvn wh}xl{nc{h
kh
ln pwh}iýc ic{hwcn h} ioxnl n PkN47pg , kackh h} hl wnkia ic{hwiaw khl milickwa# Enmihcka h~xiligwia kh ln} hmxnmiach} nc{h} dhcmiacnkn} }h ag{ihch la }ioxihc{h %Hl h}bxhwva miwmxcbhwhcminl pnwn xc milickwa n pwh}iýc)6
Hl h}bxhwva lacoi{xkicnl
Hm# >#8
}h ag{ihch khl h~xiligwia kh
xc mxhwpa ligwh kh ln pnw{h khl whmipihc{h n ln iv~xihwkn kh ln }hmmiýc {wnc}rhw}nl dc %bio# >#=$m), kackh nl ioxnl ~xh hc hl ncîli}i} nc{hwiaw ca }ala ln pnw{h khl {nc~xh, }ica {ndgiéc }x mac{hcika# La} h}bxhwva}
Bioxwn >#=
nm{önc hc }hc{ika
Pîoicn 9
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
lacoi{xkicnl y {ihch ln bxhwvn wh}xl{nc{h ioxnl n
# Ln bxhwvn wh}xl{nc{h
ioxnl n
ln pwh}iýc ic{hwcn h}
# Whnlivncka hl h~xiligwia kh bxhwvn} kh ln bio# >#=$m y kh}phfncka pnwn p
}h ag{ihch6
Hm#>#2
Ln khkxmmiýc kh ln} hmxnmiach} %>#2, ?) }h }xpx}a ~xh la} h}bxhwva} kh dhdgwncn n {wnré} kh ln} pnwhkh} khl whmipihc{h hwnc xcibawdh}#
7# [WN [WNC]BA C]BAWDN WDNMIAC MIAC KH H]BXHWVA] HC XC PXC[A Ln {wnc}bawdnmiýc khl h}bxhwva }iocibimn ln rnwinmiýc, mac ln kiwhmmiýc kh ln} madpachc{h} kh h}bxhwva hc xc pxc{a# HL h}{xkia kh h}{h {hdn }h whbihwh pwicmipnldhc{h n mn}a}
Bioxwn 7#>
gikidhc}iacnlh}, phwa {ndgiéc }h knc nloxca} wh}xl{nka} idpaw{nc{h} pnwn h}{nka} kh h}bxhwva} {wikidhc}iacnlh}# H}{h {hdn h} idpaw{nc{h hc ln kh{hwdicnmiýc kh la} h}bxhwva} dîuida} hc xc pxc{a kh xc hlhdhc{a y hc ln} kh{hwdicnmiach} kh h}bxhwva} ~xh pwakxmhc ln bnlln kh xc hlhdhc{a# En}{n neawn ehda} ri}{a la} h}bxhwva} öcimndhc{h hc mihw{a} plnca} maw{nc{h} ~xh pn}nc paw la} pxc{a} kh xc mxhwpa# Paw
hfhdpla, ln bawdxln ύ 4 P!N pnwn rnwilln} mnwonkn} nuinldhc{h kn hl h}bxhwva cawdnl hc xcn rnwilln öcimndhc{h hc la} plnca} maw{nc{h} phwphckimxlnwh} nl hfh lacoi{xkicnl kh ln rnwilln mada }h dxh}{wn hc ln bioxwn 7#>n6 La} h}bxhwva} h}bxhwva} hc plnca} maw{nc{h} maw{nc{h} awihc{nka} kh ki}{ic{n dnchwn bio 7#>g }ac kibhwhc{h}# Hc hl mn}a ohchwnl, la di}da ~xh hc hl hfhdpla, la} h}bxhwva} hc xc pxc{a kh xc mxhwpa }ac kibhwhc{h}# Hc nloxca} plnca} maw{nc{h} pxhkhc nm{xnw h}bxhwva} }iocibimn{irndhc{h dnyawh} ~xh a{wa}# Hl }ioxihc{h h}{xkia }h whbihwh n h}{n rnwinmiýc khl h}bxhwva hc xc pxc{a y {wn{n pwicmipnldhc{h hl mn}a kh h}bxhwva ginuinl, hc ka} kidhc}iach}# Hc pwidhw lxonw }h mac}ikhwnc kibhwhc{h}
Pîoicn >0
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} whpwh}hc{nmiach} kh la} h}bxhwva} hc hl di}da pxc{a kh xc mxhwpa gikidhc}iacnl# Ln bio 7#7n whpwh}hc{n xc hlhdhc{a ni}lnka paw ka} plnca} maw{nc{h} icbici{ndhc{h mhwmnca} y dx{xndhc{h phwphckimxlnwh} ~xh }ac cawdnlh} n la} hfh} kh ln} maawkhcnkn} U$Y# ln bioxwn 7#7g dxh}{wn xc hlhdhc{a ni}lnka kh dnchwn }hdhfnc{h paw plnca} maw{nc{h} cawdnlh} n la} hfh} awihc{nka} kh dnchwn kibhwhc{h, U»$Y»# la} h}bxhwva} hc ln} mnwn} apxh}{n} kh mnkn xca kh h}{a} hlhdhc{a} }ac ioxnlh} y apxh}{a}, y }ac la} di}da} ~xh nm{önc }agwh la} lnka} apxh}{a} kh xc plnca maw{nc{h öcima# Mnkn xca kh la} hlhdhc{a} ni}lnka} ni}lnka} hc ln bioxwn 7#7 h}{n }adh{ika n ln nmmiýc kh h}bxhwva} kibhwhc{h} hc hl di}da pxc{a# Mnkn hlhdhc{a {ihch n}aminka} {wh} hlhdhc{a} kh h}bxhwva}# Hc ln
bioxwn 7#7n, 7#7n, ln} madpachc{h} madpachc{h} }h kh}iocnc ύu,ύy Y ϋuy hc ln} maawkhcnkn} maawkhcnkn} U $Y# ln} kh ln bioxwn 7#7g }h kh}iocnc ύu»,ύy» Y ϋu»y» hc ln} maawkhcnkn} U» $Y»# H}{a} ka} macfxc{a} kh madpachc{h} kh h}bxhwva ca }ac la} öcima} ~xh hui}{hc hc h}h pxc{a#
Bioxwn 7#7
Pîoicn >>
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} Hl icbici{a cödhwa kh macfxc{a} kh madpachc{h} kh h}bxhwva} ~xh }h kh}mwigiý, ca }ac !
!
ickhphckihc{h}# Ln} madpachc{h} hc xc }i}{hdn nwgi{wnwia kh maawkhcnkn} U $ Y h}{îc whlnmiacnkn} mac ln} khl }i}{hdn u$y# Ln} hmxnmiach} ~xh whlnmiacnc ln} madpachc{h} kh h}bxhwva} hc kibhwhc{h} }i}{hdn} kh maawkhcnkn} a, la ~xh h} la di}da, hc kibhwhc{h} plnca} maw{nc{h} ~xh pn}nc paw xc pxc{a, }h llndnc hmxnmiach} kh {wnc}bawdnmiýc khl h}bxhwva# Ln} hmxnmiach} kh {wnc}bawdnmiýc khl h}bxhwva }h ag{ihchc kh
Bioxwn 7#=
ln} mackimiach} kh h~xiligwia kh xc hlhdhc{a kh {ndnþa icbici{h}idnl mada hl ~xh }h dxh}{wn hc ln }ioxihc{h bioxwn# %bio#7#=) h}{n bawdnkn paw plnca} maw{nc{h} cawdnlh} n la} hfh} kh whbhwhcmin U,Y y paw xc {hwmhw plnca maw{nc{h cawdnl n xc hfh
icmlicnka U» ~xh bawdn xc îcoxla nwgi{wnwia nwgi{wnwia ε mac hl hfh u# La} h}bxhwva} hc ln mnwn mnwn icmlicnkn }ac ln} ka} madpachc{h} ύu» y ϋu»ϋy»n}aminka} ϋu»ϋy»n}amin ka} n ln} maawkhcnkn} u»,y»#
]h mac}ikhwnc
mnc{iknkh} pa}i{irn} }i {ihchc la} }hc{ika} ickimnka} y chon{irn} }i {ihchc la} }hc{ika} apxh}{a}#
Ln} mackimiach} ∞Bu»4 0 y∞By»40 pnwn hl hlhdhc{a kh ln bioxwn 7#= pwakxmhc ln} hupwh}iach} pnwn la} h}bxhwva} ύu» y ϋu»ϋy» ~xh }h k nc dn} nkhlnc{h# N pnw{iw kh h}{n} hmxnmiach} kh h~xiligwia }h ag{ihchc ln} bxhwvn} hc hlhdhc{a hbhm{xncka la} pwakxm{a} kh mnkn h}bxhwva paw hl îwhn kh ln mnwn }agwh ln mxnl nm{ön# ]h }xpach ~xh hl hlhdhc{a kh ln bioxwn 7#= {ihch xc h}ph}aw xci{nwia cawdnl nl plnca U,Y hl îwhn kh ln mnwn icmlicnkn }h kh}iocn paw k N# N# Hc{acmh}, ln mnwn apxh}{n y ln mnwn N}hcε y k Nma}ε Nma}ε, wh}phm{irndhc{h# [ndgiéc [ndgiéc }h enmh x}a x}a kh ln} nkynmhc{h nl îcoxla ε {ihch îwhn} k N}hcε
ikhc{iknkh} {wioacadé{wimn}# {wioacadé{wimn}# Y bicnldhc{h {hchda}6
%Hm#7$>)
A, bicnldhc{h6
%Hm#7$7)
Ln} hmxnmiach} %7$>) y %7$7) }ac ln} hmxnmiach} kh {wnc}bawdnmiýc kh h}bxhwva} pnwn hl mn}a
gikidhc}iacnl gikidhc}iacnl y knc rnlawh} kh
ύ u», ϋu»y» pnwn mxnl~xihw îcoxla ε hc bxcmiýc kh ύ u,ύy,ϋuy# Ln
madpachc{h kh h}bxhwva, ύ y» h}{î knkn paw ln hmxnmiýc 7$>, nxdhc{ncka hl îcoxla ε hc 90¶ #
Pîoicn >7
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} H}{n} hmxnmiach} knc hl h}bxhwva hc mxnl~xihwn khl icbici{a cödhwa kh plnca} maw{nc{h} ~xh pxhkhc pn}nw paw xc pxc{a kh xc mxhwpa, hc bxcmiýc kh xc macfxc{a nwgi{wnwia kh madpachc{h} kh h}bxhwva} u$y# N}ä, xca }ala khl icbici{a cödhwa kh macfxc{a kh madpachc{h} kh h}bxhwva} hc xc pxc{a,
x{ilivnka mada macfxc{a kh whbhwhcmin fxc{a mac ln} hmxnmiach} kh {wnc}bawdnmiýc kh h}bxhwva, h} }xbimihc{h pnwn kh}mwigiw madplh{ndhc{h la} h}bxhwva} hc x pxc{a# ]h pxhkh khda}{wnw ~xh ln} hmxnmiach} 7$> y 7$7 {ndgiéc }ac nplimnglh} }i hl hlhdhc{a kh ln bioxwn 7#= {ihch nmhlhwnmiýc# Kh daka ~xh ln} hmxnmiach} 7$> y 7$7 }ac nplimnglh} gnfa ln} mackimiach} h}{î{imn} y kicîdimn} kh xc mxhwpa#
H]BXHWVA] PWICMIPNLH] Y H]BXHWVA] MAW[NC[H] DÎUIDA]#
Ln} hmxnmiach} kh {wnc}bawdnmiýc pnwn h}bxhwva} plnca} dxh}{wnc ~xh hl h}bxhwva cawdnl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h y
rnwänc hc bawdn mac{icxn }hoöc }h oiwn hl hlhdhc{a hc xc îcoxla
, y hl
# Mac
bich} kh ki}hþa, x}xnldhc{h }ac chmh}nwia} la rnlawh} dîuida} {nc{a pa}i{ira} mada mada chon{ira}# Pnwn kh{hwdicnw la} h}bxhwva} cawdnlh} dîuida} y däcida}, ~xh }h macamhc m ada h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh},
% )
hdphvnda} mac ln hupwh}iýc h upwh}iýc
6
%Hm#7$=)
Nl {adnw ln khwirnkn kh
pnwn la} mxnlh}
mac wh}phm{a n
h ioxnlnw n mhwa, }h ag{ihch xcn hmxnmiýc pnwn la} rnlawh}
h} dîuida a h däcida6
Kh ln mxnl ag{hchda}6
%Hm#7$;)
Kh ln hmxnmiýc %7$;) pxhkhc ag{hchw}h ka} rnlawh} kh
rnlawh} kibihwhc hc y
y
hc hl ic{hwrnla hc{wh
, h}{ncka hl rnlaw dn} ph~xhþa} hc{wh
# Paw la {nc{a, hl îcoxla
hl a{wa hc{wh
y
{ihch ka} rnlawh} ~xh kibihwhc hc
# Pnwn xca kh h}{a} îcoxla} hl h}bxhwva
# H}{a}
y hl rnlaw dn} ownch hc{wh , xca hc{wh
y
,y
h} xc h}bxhwva pwicmipnl
Pîoicn >=
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} dîuida: pnwn hl a{wa,
h} xc h}bxhwva pwicmipnl däcida# Mada la} ka} rnlawh} kh
kibihwh hc
, macmlxida} ~xh la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} amxwwhc hc plnca} dx{xndhc{h phwphckimxlnwh}#
La} rnlawh} kh la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} pxhkhc mnlmxlnw}h bîmildhc{h nl }x}{i{xiw mnkn xca kh la} ka} rnlawh} kh
hc ln
hmxnmiýc kh ln {wnc}bawdnmiýc kh h}bxhwva}%hm#7$=) y kh}phfnw
# Dhkinc{h h}{h pwamhkidihc{a pakhda} macamhw {ndgiéc
mxnlh} kh la} ka} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} }h n}amin n mnkn xca kh la} ka} îcoxla} pwicmipnlh}
Hc kackh 6
]h }x}{i{xyhc ln} hupwh}iach} pnwn
%Hm#7$8)
y
hc ln hmxnmiýc 7$= }h ag{ihchc hl rnlaw nlohgwnima
dnyaw kh la} ka} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh}, khca{nka paw
Hl dî} ph~xhþa kh la} h}bxhwva} }h khca{n paw
Pxh}{a ~xh
6
kh{hwdicn paw ln ln mackimiýc
nm{önc }agwh plnca} phwphckimxlnwh}#
Pîoicn >;
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Lxhoa, ln} bawdxln} nc{hwiawh} pxhkhc madgicnw}h hc xcn }aln býwdxln pnwn la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh}6
%Hm#7$2)
H}{h wh}xl{nka kh la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh}, kh}iocnka} paw
, hc bxcmiýc kh ln} madpachc{h} kh whbhwhcmin,
# Kackh }h h}phmibimý nc{hwiawdhc{h
,
, y
y
# La} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} }ihdpwh whpwh}hc{nc la} rnlawh}
dnyaw y dhcaw kh
, hc xc pxc{a#
La} plnca} pwicmipnlh} pnwn hlhdhc{a} hc h}{nka} kh h}bxhwva} nuinl y ginuinl }ac la} di}da} plnca} u y y %Bio# 7#8), yn ~xh
kh
%rén}h Hm# 7$;), y paw mac}ioxihc{h, la} ka} rnlawh}
}ac 0° y 90°
Bioxwn 7#8
Pnwn xc hlhdhc{a hc maw{nc{h pxwa %Bio# 7#2 n), la} plnca} pwicmipnlh} h}{îc awihc{nka} n ;8° wh}phm{a nl hfh u %Bio# 7#2 g), yn ~xh {nc kh
h} icbici{a y, paw mac}ioxihc{h, la} ka} rnlawh}
}ac ;8° y >=8°# ]i
pwicmipnlh} }ac
h} pa}i{ira, la} h}bxhwva}
y
Hl h}{xkia kh h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} nc{hwiaw }h whbihwh öcimndhc{h n ln wa{nmiýc khl hlhdhc{a h}bawvnka hc hl plnca uy%h}{a h}, wa{nmiýc nlwhkhkaw khl hfh v) %Bio# 7#2) La} ka}
h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} kh{hwdicnka} n pnw{iw kh ln Hm# %7$2) nl$
Bioxwn 7#2
oxcn} rhmh} }h khcadicnc h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} hc hl plnca#
Pîoicn >8
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} Dhkinc{h xc ncîli}i} {wikidhc}iacnl dî} madplh{a, pxhkh khda}{wnw}h ~xh la} {wh} plnca} pwicmipnlh} pnwn xc hlhdhc{a hc h}bxhwva plnca }ac la} ka} plnca} pwicmipnlh} ~xh }h enc kh}mwi{a, dî} ln mnwn v khl hlhdhc{a# H}{a} plnca} pwicmipnlh} }h dxh}{wnc hc ln Bio#7#?g, kackh hl hlhdhc{a h}bawvnka kh ln Bio#7#?n en }ika oiwnka wh}phm{a nl hfh v xc îcoxla
, ~xh h}
xca kh la} ka} îcoxla} kh{hwdicnka} paw ln Hm# %7$;)# La} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} }ac ln Hm# %7$2) y
, kackh
h} ioxnl n mhwa#
y
wh}xl{nc kh
B Bioxwn 7#?
H]BXHWVA MAW[NC[H DÎUIDA HC HL PLNCA# Ln awihc{nmiýc kh xc hlhdhc{a ~xh h}{î }adh{ika n h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida hc }x} mnwn} }h pxhkh kh{hwdicnw }nmncka ln
Bioxwn 7#5
khwirnkn kh ln hmxnmiýc %7$7) mac wh}phm{a n ε h ioxnlncka n mhwa hl wh}xl{nka# ]h ag{ihch
%)
%Hm#7$?)
Ln} ka} wnämh} kh h}{n hmxnmiýc
, }h pxhkhc
kh{hwdicnw mac la} {wiîcoxla} kh ln bioxwn 7#5, mnkn wnäv kh h}{n n 90° kh
# N}ä ln} wnämh} kh
y
bawdnc ;8° hc{wh
hlln}, y hl wh}xl{nka h} ~xh la} plnca} khl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida }h pxhkhc kh{hwdicnw awihc{ncka n xc hlhdhc{a n ;8° mac wh}phm{a n ln pa}imiýc kh xc hlhdhc{a ~xh khbicn la} plnca} khl h}bxhwva pwicmipnl#
X}ncka mxnl~xihwn kh ln} wnämh}
la} rnlawh} {wioacadé{wima} kh }hc 7)# Hl wh}xl{nka h}6
, }h pxhkh kh{hwdicnw hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida }nmncka
y ma}
hc ln bioxwn 7#5, y }x}{i{xyéckaln hc ln hmxnmiýc %7$ %Hm#7$5)
Pîoicn >2
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} Hl rnlaw kh
mnlmxlnka mac ln hmxnmiýc %7$5) }h llndn “h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida hc
hl plnca—, paw~xh nm{ön }agwh hl hlhdhc{a hc hl plnca u $y# }i }h }x}{i{xyhc }x}{i{xyhc la} rnlawh} kh }hc
ma}
y
hc ln hmxnmiýc %7$>),}h rh ~xh {ndgiéc eny xc h}bxhwva cawdnl }agwh la} plnca} kh h}bxhwva
maw{nc{h dîuida hc hl plnca# plnca# ]h ag{ihch6
%Hm#7$9)
MIWMXLA KH DAEW PNWN H]BXHWVA PLNCA Hl miwmxla kh x}nka pnwn ag{hchw nloxcn} hmxnmiach} gî}imn}
Bioxwn 7#9
whln{irn} n ln {wnc}bawdnmiýc kh h}bxhwva hc xc plnca# H}{h dé{aka }h gn}n hc mac}ikhwnmiach} ohadé{wimn} }idplh} y ca wh~xihwh hl x}a kh hmxnmiach} h}phminlivnkn}# Mac}ikhwh xc hlhdhc{a mxnkwnka kh xc dn{hwinl }adh{ika n
h}bxhwva plnca %bioxwn 7$9n), y }hnc,
ln} madpachc{h}
khl h}bxhwva hfhwmika }agwh hl hlhdhc{a# Kigxfh xc pxc{a U kh maawkhcnkn}
y
%bioxwn7$9)# ]i
y xc pxc{a Y kh maawkhcnkn}
y
h} pa}i{ira, mada }h }xpach hc ln bioxwn
7$9 n, hl pxc{a U h}{î }i{xnka khgnfa khl hfh
hcmidn, mada }h dxh}{wn hc ln bioxwn 7$9 g# ]i U }h }i{ön hcmidn khl hfh
y hl pxc{a Y h} chon{ira,
y Y khgnfa# Xcihcka U y Y dhkinc{h
xcn lächn whm{n }h khbich hl pxc{a M kh ic{hw}hmmiýc kh ln lächn UY mac hl hfh
y }h kigxfn hl mäwmxla kh mhc{wa hc M y kiîdh{wa
UY # Nl ag}hwrnw ~xh ln ng}mi}n kh M y hl wnkia khl mäwmxla }ac
wh}phm{irndhc{h ioxnlh} n ln} mnc{iknkh}
y W khbicikn}
paw ln} hmxnmiach} %7$8, 7$9), }h macmlxyh ~xh hl mäwmxla ag{hcika h} hl mäwmxla kh Daew pnwn h}bxhwva plnca# N}ä, ln} ng}mi}n} kh la} pxc{a} N y G, hc kackh hl mäwmxla ic{hw}hmn hl hfh
, whpwh}hc{nc wh}phm{irndhc{h la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} hc hl pxc{a mac}ikhwnka#
y
Pîoicn >?
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} ]h ca{n {ndgiéc ~xh mada {nc
h} ioxnl hc dnoci{xk n xca kh la} îcoxla} hmxnmiach} %7$;)# N}ä, hl îcoxla
,hl îcoxla UMN
~xh }n{i}bnmhc ln}
~xh khbich ln bioxwn %7#9)ln
awihc{nmiýc khl plnca pwicmipnl mawwh}packihc{h nl pxc{a N hc ln bioxwn 7#9 pxhkh ag{hchw}h kirikihcka hc{wh ln di{nk hl îcoxla UMN dhkika hc hl mäwmxla kh Daew# Ag}hwrh nkhdî} ~xh }i
30, mada hc hl mn}a mac}ikhwnka n~xä, ln wa{nmiýc
~xh {wnh MU n MN h} hc }hc{ika mac{wnwia n ln} noxfn} khl whlaf# Phwa hc h}h mn}a hl îcoxla
ag{hcika kh ln hmxnmiýc %7$;), hl
mxnl khbich ln kiwhmmiýc kh ln cawdnl Annl plnca pwicmipnl, h} pa}i{ira: paw hlla ln wa{nmiýc ~xh {wnh Aun Anh} {ndgiéc hc }hc{ika mac{wnwia nl kh ln} noxfn} khl whlaf# ]h macmlxyh ~xh la} }hc{ika} kh wa{nmiýc hc ndgn} pnw{h} kh ln bioxwn 7#9 }ac la} di}da}# ]i }h wh~xihwh xc oiwa
pnwn llhrnw MU n MN hc hl
mäwmxla Daew, xcn wa{nmiýc hc }hc{ika mac{wnwia nl kh ln} noxfn} khl whlaf
llhrnwî Aun Anhc ln bioxwn 7#9n#
Mada hl mäwmxla kh Daew h}{î khbicika hc bawdn öcimn, hl di}da
mäwmxla
pxhkh
madpachc{h},
ag{hchw}h
mac}ikhwncka
, mawwh}packihc{h n la} hfh}
ln bioxwn 7#>0n# Hl pxc{a U/ kh ln} maawkhcnkn} pxc{a Y» kh maawkhcnkn}
y
y
ln} kh
#, y hl
h}{îc, paw {nc{a, lamnlivnkn}
hc hl mäwmxla kh Daew y hl îcoxla U/MN kh ln bioxwn 7#>0 khgh }hw hl kaglh khl îcoxla u/Ankh ln bioxwn 7#>0n# Mada hl îcoxla UMN h} hl kaglh khl îcoxla uAn, }h }ioxh ~xh hl îcoxla UMU/ kh
ln bioxwn 7#>0g h} hl kaglh khl uAu/ kh ln bioxwn 7$>0n# N}ä hl kiîdh{wa U/Y ~xh khbich la} h}bxhwva} cawdnlh} y maw{nc{h}
, pxhkh ag{hchw}h oiwncka hl kiîdh{wa UY xc îcoxla
ioxnl nl kaglh khl îcoxla
bawdnka paw la} hfh} u/ y u kh ln bi$
oxwn 7#>0n# ]h ag}hwrn ~xh ln wa{nmiýc ~xh enmh maicmikiw hl kiîdh{wa #UY mac hl kiîdh{wa U/Y/, hc ln bioxwn 7$>0, {ihch ioxnl }hc{ika ~xh ln wa{nmiýc ~xh }xphwpach la} hfh} uyn la} hfh} u/y/
Bioxwn 7#>0
hc ln bioxwn 7$>0n#
Pîoicn >5
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} Ln pwapihknk ~xh }h nmngn kh ickimnw pxhkh x}nw}h pnwn
n)
rhwibimnw hl ehmea kh ~xh la} plnca} kh h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida h}{îc n ;8° kh la} plnca} pwicmipnlh}# Mihw{ndhc{h, whmxhwkh ~xh la} pxc{a} K y H khl mäwmxla kh Daew mawwh}packhc n la} plnca} kh h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida, dihc{wn} N y G mawwh}packhc n la} plnca} pwicmipnlh} %bioxwn 7#>>g)# Pxh}{a ~xh la} kiîdh{wa} NG y KH khl mäwmxla kh Daew h}{îc n 90° hl xca khl a{wa, }h {ihch ~xh ln} mnwn} kh la} hlhdhc{a} mawwh}packihc{h} h}{îc n ;8° ln xcn kh ln a{wn %bioxwn7#>>n)# Ln mac}{wxmmiýc khl mäwmxla kh Daew pnwn h}bxhwva plnca }h }idplibimn dxmea }i }h mac}ikhwn }hpnwnkndhc{h mnkn mnwn khl hlhdhc{a x}nka pnwn khbiciw ln} madpachc{h} khl h}bxhwva# Kh
g)
ln} bioxwn} 7#9 y 7#>0 ag}hwrh ~xh mxncka hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h hfhwmika }agwh xcn mnwn knkn {ihckh n enmhw oiwnw hl hlhdhc{a hc hl }hc{ika kh ln} noxfn} khl whlaf, hl pxc{a mawwh}packihc{h n
h}n mnwn h}{î malamnka paw hcmidn khl hfh
hl mäwmxla kh Daew#
Mxncka hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h hc xcn mnwn {ihckh n enmhw oiwnw hl hlhdhc{a hc hl }hc{ika mac{wnwia n ln} noxfn} khl whlaf, hl pxc{a
mawwh}packihc{h n h}n mnwn h}{î lamnlivnka khgnfa khl hfh %Bio#
7#>>)# Hc mxnc{a n la} h}bxhwva} cawdnlh}, }h x}n ln macrhcmiýc x}xnl, h} khmiw, xc h}bxhwva kh {hc}iýc }h mac}ikhwn pa}i{ira y }h owîbimn n ln khwhmen, dihc{wn} xcn madpwh}iýc h} chon{irn y }h owîbimn enmin ln iv~xihwkn#
Bioxwn 7#>>
Pîoicn >9
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
=# ]XPHWPAMIMIAC KH H]BXHWVA]
Hc ln pwîm{imn
kh ln icohcihwän, }h x}n n dhcxka hl
pwicmipia kh }xphwpa}imiýc hc ln }alxmiýc kh pwaglhdn}# Mxncka {hchda} xc dihdgwa ~xh h}{î }xfh{a n xc }i}{hdn kh mnwon madplh{a ~xh icralxmwn xc mihw{a cödhwa kh bxhwvn} kh kibhwhc{h} {ipa}, pakhda} kh{hwdicnw hl hbhm{a kh
mnkn
bxhwvn
khl
}i}{hdn
}agwh
hl
dihdgwa
}hpnwnkndhc{h# Kh}pxé}, la} wh}xl{nka} kh mnkn xcn kh hlln} }h madgicnc pnwn ag{hchw ln }alxmiýc khl pwaglhdn# Hl pwicmipia kh }xphwpa}imiýc h} bîmil kh hc{hckhw y nplimnw# ]alndhc{h }h chmh}i{n n}hoxwnw}h ~xh }hn rîlika madgicnw la} wh}xl{nka}# ]i la} wh}xl{nka} madgicnka} ca }ac lichnlh}, ln }xphwpa}imiýc ca h} rîlikn# Hui}{hc {wh} {ipa} kh h}bxhwva} gî}ima}6 >$
P!N
}alndhc{h }h mac}ikhwnc mnwon} nuinlh}
nplimnkn} n {wnré} khl mhc{waikh kh ln }hmmiýc# 7$ [m!F }alndhc{h mnwon kh {aw}iýc }agwh hfh} kh }hmmiýc miwmxlnw# =$ m!I }alndhc{h mnwon} nplimnkn} phwphckimxlnwdhc{h nl hfh {wnc}rhw}nl Mac h}{a} dé{aka} pxhkhc wh}alrhw}h xcn ndplin mln}h kh pwaglhdn}# Phwa pakhda} ndplinw h}{n mln}h madgicncka nkhmxnkndhc{h h}{a} {ipa} gî}ima} kh mnwon# Hc ln pwîm{imn bwhmxhc{hdhc{h }h hcmxhc{wnc mnwon} ~xh ca macmxhwknc mac ln} mackimiach} gnfa ln} mxnlh} ln} {hawän} gî}imn} }ac Pîoicn 70
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
rîlikn} mada }h dxh}{wn hc ln} bioxwn} n ln khwhmen ln} mxnlh} dxh}{wnc rnwia} hfhdpla} kh pwaglhdn} kh h}{h {ipa# ]ic hdgnwoa, h}{a} pwaglhdn} pxhkhc wh}alrhw}h dhkinc{h xcn madgicnmiýc nkhmxnkn kh la} dé{aka} yn h}{xkinka}# Hui}{hc {wh} madgicnmiach} pwicmipnlh} kh h}bxhwva} madgicnka}6
Nuinl y blhuiac#
Blhuiac y {aw}iýc#
Nuinl y {aw}iýc#
Hc h}{h {wngnfa }alndhc{h }h ngawknwnc ln} ka} pwidhwn} madgicnmiach} kh h}bxhwva} ~xh }h ncnlivnwnc paw hl dé{aka kh }xphwpa}imiýc#
]XPHWPA]IMIÝC
KH
H]BXHWVA]
NUINLH]
Y
BLHUIÝC
Mac}ikhwh ln rion hdpa{wnkn hc xc hu{whda y }xfh{n n xcn mnwon icmlicnkn P, mada }h dxh}{wn hc ln }ioxihc{h bioxwn =#>%n)# H}{n mnwon ca pwakxmh blhuiýc ci mnwon nuinl }alndhc{h, }ica xcn madgicnmiýc kh ln} ka}# ]i }h kh}madpach h}{n bxhwvn hc }x} madpachc{h} eawivac{nl y rhw{imnl, mada hc ln bioxwn =#>%g) y =#>%m), h}{n} madpachc{h} nm{önc hc ln} kiwhmmiach} ~xh phwdi{hc nplimnw ln {hawän kh mnwon nuinl y blhuiýc wh}phm{irndhc{h# Ln bxhwvn nuinl P u }hmmiýc %g) kh ln bioxwn =#>, pwakxmh h}bxhwva} kiwhm{a} kh {hc}iýc Ln bxhwvn P y Dm!I#
P!N
hc {akn} ln} bigwn}#
}hmmiýc %m) pwakxmh h}bxhwva} kh blhuiýc
Mada ndga} h}bxhwva}
nm{önc pnwn nlnwonw a
nmaw{nw ln} bigwn}, pxhkhc madgicnw}h nlohgwnimndhc{h#
Bioxwn =#> Pîoicn 7>
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Hl ehmea kh ~xh ndgn} mnwon} pwakxmhc h}bxhwva} ~xh {ihchc ln di}dn lächn kh nmmiýc macbiwdn ~xh ln }xphwpa}imiýc kh h}bxhwva} h} rîlikn# La} h}bxhwva} hc mxnl~xihw bigwn pxhkhc mnlmxlnw}h mada6
¾
%Hm#=$>)
La} h}bxhwva} kh {hc}iýc }h mac}ikhwnc pa}i{ira}, dihc{wn} ~xh la} h}bxhwva} kh madpwh}iýc }ac chon{ira}, H}{n macrhcmiýc kh }ioca} ca} nyxkn n kh{hwdicnw ln cn{xwnlhvn kh la} h}bxhwva} bicnlh}# Hl {hwdica m hc hl bnm{aw
Dm!I pxhkh whhdplnvnw}h paw ln ki}{ncmin
ohchwnl n pnw{iw khl hfh chx{wa, }i }h wh~xihwh hl h}bxhwva hc xc pxc{a kibhwhc{h nl kh ln} bigwn} hu{hwcn}# La} h}bxhwva} mnlmxlnka} dhkinc{h ln hmxnmiýc kh h}bxhwva da}{wnkn nc{hwiawdhc{h ca }ac hc{hwndhc{h mawwhm{a}# Ln mnwon P y pwakxmhc xcn khblhuiýc %ca da}{wnkn) ~xh, mxncka }h dxl{iplimn paw ln bxhwvn nuinl P u, pwakxmhc xc ph~xhþa dadhc{a }hmxcknwia# Hc h}{a} mn}a} kh {hc}iýc nuinl y blhuiýc, h}{h dadhc{a }hmxcknwia {ihckh n whkxmiw hl dadhc{a {a{nl, y paw mac}ioxihc{h, pxhkh kh}pwhminw}h# ]i ln bxhwvn nuinl h} kh madpwh}iýc, hl dadhc{a }hmxcknwia icmwhdhc{n hl dadhc{a {a{nl, y hl kh}pwhminw h}{h {éwdica ca wh}xl{n mac}hwrn{ira# ]ic hdgnwoa, hc ln dnyawän kh la} pwaglhdn} kh h}bxhwva} madgicnka}, hl hbhm{a kh h}{h {éwdica h} ph~xhþa y pxhkh kh}pwhminw}h# Hc hl mn}a kh rion} malxdcn} h}ghl{n}, hl hbhm{a pxhkh ca }hw kh}pwhminglh#
BLHUIÝC Y [AW]IÝC MADGICNKN] N rhmh} }h chmh}i{n ~xh la} dihdgwa} h}{wxm{xwnlh} }apaw{hc macfxc{ndhc{h mnwon} kh blhuiýc kh {aw}iýc, Paw hfhdpla hfh} a nwgalh} miwmxlnwh} ~xh {wn}di{hc xc pnw a dadhc{a kh wa{nmiýc }xhlhc h}{nw }adh{ika} {nc{a} n dadhc{a}
kh blhuiýc, mada mada n {aw}iýc# [nlh}
mackimiach} h} pa}iglh whnlivnw hl ncîli}i} kh h}bxhwva} }ic cicoxcn kibimxl{nk h}hcminl }ihdpwh ~xh }h macavmnc ln} wh}xl{nc{h} kh la} h}bxhwva} h}{n} pxhkhc madpwhckhw dadhc{a} Blhuiacnw{h pnwh} kh {aw}iýc y bxhwvn} maw{nc{h}# La} h}bxhwva} khgika} n mnkn wh}xl{nc{h kh h}bxhwva }h pxhkhc kh{hwdicnw hc mxnl~xihw pxc{a kh ln }hmmiýc whm{n paw Pîoicn 77
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
dhkia kh ln} bawdxln} npwapinkn}# Hc{acmh} hl h}{nka madplh{a kh h}bxhwva} hc hl pxc{a hlhoika }h icrh}{ion x{ilivncka ln} whlnmiach} khkxmikn} nc{hwiawdhc{h a paw dhkia khl MIWMXLA KH DAEW# Hc pnw{imxlnw, pxhkhc mnlmxlnw}h la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} y la} h}bxhwva} maw{nc{h} dîuida}# Kh h}{h daka }h hbhm{önc hl ncîli}i} hc mxnl~xihw cödhwa kh }i{xnmiach} mwä{imn} hc hl hlhdhc{a y, mac {aka} la} wh}xl{nka}, pxhkh h}{nglhmhw}h }i hl ki}hþa h} nkhmxnka a gihc, whnlivnw xca cxhra Mada xcn ilx}{wnmiýc }idplibimnkn kh ln blhuiýc y {aw}iýc madgicnkn}, mac}ikhwh ln gnwwn miwmxlnw kh ln bioxwn hc h}{n rion Mnc{ilérhw nm{ön xc dadhc{a kh {aw}iýc, [, mac wh}phm{a nl hfh lacoi{xkicnl y xcn bxhwvn {wnc}rhw}nl a ln{hwnl, ^# Hc xcn }hmmiýc whm{n kh ln gnwwn n ln ki}{ncmin U khl hdpa{wndihc{a ln wh}xl{nc{h kh h}bxhwva} }h pxhkhc hcmac{wnw paw H}{î{imn# [nlh} wh}xl{nc{h} }ac6 >) Xc dadhc{a Blhuiacnc{h , D , h}{a ioxnl n ^% L ” u ), kackh L h} ln lacoi{xk kh ln rion: 7) Xcn bxhwvn maw{nc{h, R ioxnl n ^, y# =) Xc dadhc{a {aw}iacnc{h [# Ag}hwrh ~xh hc h}{h mn}a hl dadhc{a blhm{aw
}h mac}ikhwn pa}i{ira
mxncka pwakxmh {wnmmiýc hc ln pnw{h }xphwiaw kh ln rion }i neawn hundicnda} xc hlhdhc{a lamnlivnka hc ln }xphwbimih }xphwiaw kh ln gnwwn %Hlhdhc{a} N hc ln Bioxwn =#7), Rhda} ~xh h}{h hlhdhc{a h}{nwî }adh{ika n la} h}bxhwva} kh blhuiýc, D y n la} h}bxhwva} maw{nc{h},
U
Khgika n
Khgika} n [
%Bioxwn)# H}{a} h}bxhwva} }h ag{ihchc mac ln} hmxnmiach}
U
4
y
Wh}phm{irndhc{h,hc
hl mn}a kh xc îwgal miwmxlnw kh kiîdh{wa k, h}{n
hmxnmiach} }h macrihw{h hc# u4
%Hm#=$=)
%Hm#=$7)
:
Bioxwn =#7
Pîoicn 7=
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Macamihcka
u
y
]h pxhkhc kh{hwdicnw la} h}bxhwva} hc xc hlhdhc{a oiwnka mxnl~xihw
îcoxla ~xh }h kh}hh hc hl pxc{a N# La} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} hc N }h enync paw ln hmxnmiýc#
>,74
)*
%Hm#=$;)
N}ä di}da, hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida hcmac{wnka paw ln hmxnmiýc nc{hwiaw h}6
4
)*
#
]i }h macamhc la} rnlawh} nkdi}iglh}
%Hm#=$8)
y
kh la} h}bxhwva} cawdnl y maw{nc{h
}x}{i{öync}h hc ln ka} hmxnmiach} nc{hwiawh} hc lxonw kh
>
y
7
y
, y lxhoa kh}péfh}h
“k— hl kiîdh{wa kiîdh{wa wh~xhwika kh ln gnwwn miwmxlnw# Kh}kh lxhoa lxhoa }h ag{hckwîc la} h}bxhwva} dîuida} mxncka hl hlhdhc{a N }hlhmmiach nl hu{whda kh ln gnwwn kackh hl dadhc{a Blhuiacnc{h D {ihch hl rnlaw hl dîuida ln kh}mwipmiýc nc{hwiaw }xpx}a ~xh }h }hlhmmiacn xc hlhdhc{a hc ln pnw{h }xphwiaw kh ln gnwwn# Xc pwamhkidihc{a }idilnw pxhkh }hoxiw}h pnwn ncnlivnw la} h}bxhwva} hc ln pnw{h icbhwiaw kh ln di}dn# La} h}bxhwva} dîuida} }h pwakxmiwîc paw la ohchwnl kackh la} h}bxhwva kh blhuiýc }ac dnyawh}, h} khmiw hc ln pnw{h }xphwiaw a hc l pnw{h icbhwiaw kh ln rion hc ln }hmmiýc whm{n khl dîuida dadhc{a Blhuiacnw{h }ic hdgnwoa n rhmh} h} chmh}nwia mac}ikhwnw a{wn} pa}igiliknkh}# Paw hfhdpla n ln bxhwvn maw{nc{h R4 ^ pwakxmh xc h}bxhwva dîuida kh maw{nkxwn hc hl hfh chx{wa# Paw mac}ioxihc{h }h khgh mac}ikhwnw {ndgiéc xc hlhdhc{a }hlhmmiacnka }agwh hl lnka kh ln gnwwn, hc }x hfh chx{wa %Hlhdhc{a G)# [nl hlhdhc{a }h enllnwî
hc h}{nka kh maw{nkxwn pxwn %bioxwn),
mac}{ncka hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h kh ka} pnw{h}6
>) Hl h}bxhwva kh maw{nkxwn khgika nl dadhc{a [, ag{hcika kh ln bawdxln y 7) Hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h khgika n R ~xh }h ag{ihch kh ln bawdxln y h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} hc {nl hlhdhc{a amxwwhc hc plnca} n ;8
0
# La}
mac hl hfh# H}{a}
h}bxhwva} pxhkhc madpnwnw}h mac la} ag{hcika} pnwn hlhdhc{a} hc ln pnw{h }xphwiaw y hc ln icbhwiaw kh ln rion, n bic kh kh{hwdicnw hl h}bxhwva cawdnl dîuida n x{ilivnw hc hl mîlmxla# La} h}bxhwva} maw{nc{h} dîuida} hc ln rion pxhkhc enllnw}h {ndgiéc Pîoicn 7;
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
madpnwîcka}h la} rnlawh} ag{hcika} pnwn la} hlhdhc{a} N y G# ]i ln rion h}{n hdpa{wnkn kh dnkhwn dî} madplimnkn a }i ln bawdn kh ln }hmmiýc whm{n ca h} miwmxlnw n xc }h pxhkh ncnlivnw la} h}bxhwva} hc kirhw}a} pxc{a} kh ln gnwwn y madpnwnwla}# Nl enmhwla h} cn{xwnl }hlhmmiacnw pxc{a} kh ln gnwwn kackh }hn dîuida hl h}bxhwva cawdnl a hl maw{nc{h# Madpnwncka la} h}bxhwva} ag{hcika} hc {aka} la} pxc{a} kackh h} pwagnglh ~xh enyn xc h}bxhwva dîuida }h pakwän h}{nw wnvacnglhdhc{h }hoxwa kh ag{hchw la} h}bxhwva} dîuida} ng}alx{a#
HFHDPLA] [HAWIMA] WHMIPIHC[H] KH PNWHK KHLONKN HFHDPLA >#> Mxncka }h llhcn n {akn }x mnpnmiknk hl {nc~xh ca pn}{hxwivnka ~xh }h whpwh}hc{n hc ln bioxwn, mac{ihch noxn en}{n xc cirhl kh >8#8d nwwign kh }x gn}h# ]ngihcka ~xh ln pawmiýc icbhwiaw khl {nc~xh {ihch xc h}ph}aw kh pnwhk kh >2dd hcmxhc{wh6 n) Hl h}bxhwva cawdnl dîuida g) Hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida = %Ln khc}iknk khl noxn h} kh >000 jo!d )
khl
{nc~xh
KN[A]
Pîoicn 78
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Pnwn kh{hwdicnw hl Ph}a h}phmäbima6
Hcmac{wncka ln pwh}iýc khl noxn hc hl cirhl kh >8#8 d nwwign kh }x gn}h
Enmihcka xc maw{h hc ln whoiýc dhkin khl whmipihc{h miläckwima
∞ Pîoicn 72
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
H}bxhwva lacoi{xkicnl hc hl hlhdhc{a N#
∞
]x}{i{xyhcka kn{a}6
Khgh ag}hwrnw}h ~xh hl {hwmhw h}bxhwva pwicmipnl h} mhwa hc ln }xphwbimih hu{hwiaw khl milickwa phwa hc ln }xphwbimih ic{hwcn h} ioxnl nl h}bxhwva lacoi{xkicnl#
Pîoicn 7?
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
H]BXHWVA] HC XC PXC[A
Hfhdpla >#7 Hl hfh kh xc nx{adýril h}{n }adh{ika n ln} bxhwvn} y nl pnw ~xh }h dxh}{wn hc ln bioxwn# ]i }h }ngh ~xh hl kiîdh{wa khl hfh }alika h} kh >#78ic, Kh{hwdich n) la} plnca} pwicmipnlh} hc hl pxc{a E lamnlivnka hc ln pnw{h }xphwiaw khl hfh g) hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida hfhwmika hc hl di}da pxc{a#
Hcmac{wncka Ichwmin
Hcmac{wncka hl dadhc{a
Hcmac{wncka h}bxhwva
Mac {aw}iac hcmac{wnda} hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h
Pîoicn 75
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} n) H}bxhwva} Pwicmipnlh}6
g) H}bxhwva Maw{nc{h Dnuida
H]BXHWVA] MADGICNKA] Hfhdpla >#= Xcn bxhwvn eawivac{nl kh 800 lg nm{ön hc hl pxc{a K kh xc mioühþnl NG, ~xh }h dnc{ihch hc h~xiligwia ownmin} n xc pnw oiwn{awia [ y n ln} whnmmiach} N y G# ]ngihcka ~xh la} mafich{h} }h nlichnc nx{adî{imndhc{h y ca hfhwmhc pnwh} }agwh hl hfh, kh{hwdich la} h}bxhwva} cawdnl y maw{nc{h hc la} pxc{a} E, F, J, L, ~xh }h xgimnc hc la} hu{whda} kh la} kiîdh{wa} rhw{imnl y eawivac{nl kh xcn }hmmiýc {wnc}rhw}nl lamnlivnkn n 7#8 ic n ln iv~xihwkn khl mafich{h G#
Pîoicn 79
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} ]ALXMIAC6
∞ ∞ ∞ 6
KML Mioühþnl madplh{a
]h whhdplnvn ln }hmmiac G y hl pnw oiwn{awia [ paw xc }i}{hdn kh pnw kh bxhwvn} h~xirnlhc{h} hc hl mhc{wa M kh ln }hmmiac {wnc}rhw}nl ~xh mac{ihch n E, F, J y L#
Ln bxhwvn R pwakxmh xc dadhc{a hc hl hfh y6
Ln} pwapihknkh} ohadé{wimn} kh ln }hmmiac kh 0#9 ic kh kindh{wa }ac6
Bxhwvn} ic{hwcn} hc }hmmiýc {wcn}rhw}nl
ln
X}ncka ln hmxnmiac
}h kh{hwdicnc la} h}bxhwva}
maw{nc{h} hc la} pxc{a} E, F, J, L, }h ilx}{wnc hc ln bioxwn n#
H}bxhwva} pwakxmika} paw xc pnw oiwn{awia [ #
Pîoicn =0
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} Ln bxhwvn maw{nc{h R ca pwakxmh h}bxhwva} maw{nc{h} F y L# Pwidhwa }h mnlmxln ^ pnwn la} pxc{a} E y L pnwn xc }hdimiwmxla wh}phm{a kh xc kindh{wa rhw{imnl y kh}pxh} }h mnlmxln hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h pwakxmika paw ln bxhwvn maw{nc{h R 4 780 lg# H}{a} h}bxhwva} }h dxh}{wnc hc ln bioxwn g#
Mada hl pnw blhm{aw
H}bxhwva} pwakxmika} paw ln bxhwvn maw{nc{h R#
nm{xn hc xc plnca eawivac{nl, ca
pwakxmh h}bxhwva} hc E y J# Mac hl x}a kh ln hmxnmiýc
||
}h kh{hwdicnc la} h}bxhwva} cawdnlh} hc la} pxc{a} F y L,
}h ilx}{wnc hc ln bioxwn m#
||
]h }xdnc la} h}bxhwva} ~xh }h dxh}{wnc y }h ag{ihchc la} h}bxhwva} {a{nl cawdnl y maw{nc{h hc la} pxc{a} E, F, J, L# Hc hl pxc{a E6 Hc hl pxc{a F6
Hc hl pxc{a J6 Hc hl pxc{a L6
H}bxhwva} pwakxmika} paw hl pnw blhm{aw Dy#
Pîoicn =>
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
PWAGLHDN] KH NPLIMNMIAC WHMIPIHC[H] KH PNWHK KHLONKN Pwaglhdn >#> Xc {nc~xh kh on} pwapnca kh ln hdpwh}n V On} mac mnpnmiknk kh >000 li{wa}, kh}mnc}n }agwh ka} }apaw{h} bifa}# Hl {nc~xh h}{n ehmea kh NMHWA ]N OWNKA OWNKA M mac lacoi{xk L kh 7#78=d y mac}i}{h kh xc mxhwpa miläckwima mac h}ph}aw kh plnmn kh 2#=8 dd y kiîdh{wa ic{hwiaw kh ?9 md# Hl milickwa h}{n }alknka hc la} hu{whda} n ka} mnghvn} h}béwimn} mac xc h}ph}aw kh ;#?2 dd pnwn mnkn xcn# Hl on} khc{wa khl {nc~xh }h hcmxhc{wn n xcn pwh}iýc kh 70 P]I# Kh{hwdich6
n) La} h}bxhwva} lacoi{xkicnl y {wnc}rhw}nl hc ln} mnghvn} h}béwimn} g) La} h}bxhwva} lacoi{xkicnl y {wnc}rhw}nl hc hl mxhwpa miläckwima khl {nc~xh %Mac}ikhwncka ~xh la} }apaw{h} bifa} ca hfhwmhc cicoxcn whnmmiýc }agwh hl {nc~xh)
]alxmiýc
Kn{a}
Pîoicn =7
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
n)
Ncnlivncka ln} mnghvn} h}béwimn}
∞
$
]x}{i{xyhcka kn{a}
Khgika n ln }idh{wän }idh{wän kh ln} mnghvn} hl h}bxhwva h}bxhwva lacoi{xkicnl lacoi{xkicnl y hl h}bxhwva {ncohcminl {ncohcminl }ac ioxnlh}#
Pîoicn ==
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
g)
Ncnlivncka hl mxhwpa miläckwima $
∞
Pnwn hl hfh u
$ ]x}{i{xyhcka kn{a}
$
∞ Pnwn hl hfh V
Pîoicn =;
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
]h pxhkh ag}hwrnw ~xh hl h}bxhwva {wnc}rhw}nl h} ka} rhmh} hl h}bxhwva lacoi{xkicnl lacoi{xkicnl
H]BXHWVA] HC XC PXC[A Pwaglhdn >#7 Kh{hwdich la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} y hl h}bxhwva maw{nc{h dîuida hc hl pxc{a D kh xcn {xhwmn kh ln llnc{n kh xc nx{adýril }i }h chmh}i{n
nfx}{nw
pnwn
~xh
bxcmiach
mawwhm{ndhc{h paw dhkia kh xcn llnrh mwxv# Hl kiîdh{wa kh ln {xhwmn h} kh >2dd #
]x}{i{xyhcka ln bxhwvn hc N y M hc xc dadhc{a pnw hc K
Hcmac{wncka hl dadhc{a#
Pîoicn =8
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Hcmac{wncka h}bxhwva} hc hl plnca
Ichwmin
Hcmac{wncka maw{nc{h
Ag{xrida}6
n) H}bxhwva} Pwicmipnlh}
∖ Pîoicn =2
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
g) H}bxhwva Maw{nc{h Dnuida
H]BXHWVA] MADGICNKA]# Pwaglhdn >#= Xcn lîdpnwn kh nlxdgwnka hlém{wima pöglima kh >2#8 jo, kiîdh{wa >> ic y nl{xwn ? ic hc ln pnw{h icbhwiaw y 2#8 ic kh kiîdh{wa y nl{xwn ? ic hc ln pnw{h }xphwiaw, h}{n }apaw{nkn paw xc pa}{h kh macmwh{a mac xcn nl{xwn L kh 7;0 ic y mac kiîdh{wa kh >0#>52 ic# Ln lîdpnwn {ihch xcn humhc{wimiknk kh 78#89= ic kh}kh ln lächn mhc{wnl khl pa}{h, y }h hcmxhc{wn hcmxhc{wn machm{nkn nl nl pa}{h n 778 ic# nwwign khl }xhla# Hcmac{wnw la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} y la} h}bxhwva} maw{nc{h} dîuida} hc hl pxc{a P y ^# %hl ph}a h}phmäbima khl macmwh{a whbawvnka h} kh )
⁋
Kn{a}
Pîoicn =?
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
Îwhn kh ln }hmmiýc {wnc}rhw}nl khl pa}{h
4
N4
$ Hcmac{wncka hl Ph}a khl pa}{h
%Hm#>)
Kackh6
>$ Ncnlivncka _> pnwn la} pxc{a} P y ^ ]ihcka _> 4
Pîoicn =5
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka} 7$ Ncnlivncka _7 pnwn la} pxc{a} P y ^ Hl ph}a kh ln lîdpnwn pwakxmh xcn bxhwvn bxhwvn kh madpwh}iýc
B>4 ph}a kh ln lîdpnwn 4
y xc dadhc{a6
ic) 4 >>=0#587; lg#ic
I4
4
=$ Ncnlivncka la} pxc{a} P y ^ pnwn ln pwh}iýc khl rihc{a Ln pwh}iýc khl rihc{a mac{wn ln lîdpnwn pwakxmh xcn bxhwvn wh}xl{ncka Br
%% ) Ln Br h} ln bxhwvn maw{nc{h n la lnwoa khl pa}{h R 4 Br 4 7=#7?8 lg H}{n bxhwvn amn}iacn xc dadhc{a blhuiacnc{h D 7
Xc pnw kh {hc}iýc [
Pîoicn =9
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
]xdncka la} hbhm{a} kh mnkn bxhwvn {hchda}6 $ Hc hl pxc{a P6
4
¾
4
*
4
$
$0#=58? p}i
4
Pîoicn ;0
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
>8#920; p}i
$ Hc hl pxc{a ^6
4
¾
4$
*
4$
$
$
4
>8#2 p}i
Pîoicn ;>
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
MACMLX]IACH] Dhkinc{h ln nplimnmiýc kh ln {hawän y macamidihc{a} pwîm{ima} hc hl ncîli}i} kh h}{wxm{xwn}, h} dî} madpwhc}iglh hl madpaw{ndihc{a kh ln} di}dn} gnfa mnwon} }apaw{nkn}#
Mac la} mîlmxla} hfhmx{nka} }h ag{ihchc la} h}bxhwva} pwicmipnlh} y h}bxhwva} maw{nc{h} hc xc pxc{a kh xcn h}{wxm{xwn, h}{wxm{xwn, h}{a pwapawmiacn pwapawmiacn la} hlhdhc{a} chmh}nwia} pnwn hl ki}hþa kh ln} di}dn}, y phwdi{h malamnw la} npaya} hc pxc{a} mlnrh, kackh hl h}bxhwva h} dîuida pnwn ~xh ln h}{wxm{xwn }h dnc{hcon h}{nglh#
La} whmipihc{h} miläckwima} a h}béwima} }iwrhc mada mnlkhwn} a {nc~xh} ~xh }ac kh x}a madöc hc ln ickx}{win# H}{a} }apaw{nc mnwon} hc {akn} }x} kiwhmmiach} mxncka }h }adh{hc n pwh}iýc, phwa pxhkhc }hw ncnlivnka} kh dnchwn }idplh }ihdpwh y mxncka {hconc xcn pnwhk khlonkn# Mac h}{n }xpa}imiýc }h ncnliva hl h}bxhwva hc xc whmipihc{h kh pwh}iýc miläckwima ~xh mac{hcän auiohca, n bic kh hcmac{wnw la} h}bxhwva} lacoi{xkicnl y miwmxcbhwhcminlh} ~xh nm{önc }agwh h}{h, n {wnré} kh ln} hmxnmiach} kh{hwdicnkn} pnwn }x wh}alxmiýc#
Pîoicn ;7
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
WHMADHCKNMIACH]
H} idpaw{nc{h whmawknw ~xh n ln eawn khl ncîli}i} kh xcn kh{hwdicnkn h}{wxm{xwn hl macamidihc{a {hýwima khl bhcýdhca h} icki}phc}nglh, paw la mxnl }h khgh enmhw xcn icrh}{ionmiýc pwhrin khl madpaw{ndihc{a pwadhkia khl pwaglhdn n ncnlivnw#
Pnwn whmipihc{h} miläckwima} y h}béwima}, }h khgh {adnw hc mxhc{n ln pwh}iýc n ln ~xh rnc n }hw }adh{ika}, pxh}{a ~xh kh h}{a khphckhwî ln hlhmmiýc khl dn{hwinl y hl h}ph}aw khl di}da, pnwn ~xh wh}i}{n la} h}bxhwva} lacoi{xkicnlh} y miwmxcbhwhcminlh}#
Pnwn ki}hþnw xcn h}{wxm{xwn, pwidhwa }h khgh whnlivnw xc mîlmxla pwabxcka, pnwn }nghw kh dnchwn hunm{n la} pxc{a} kackh khghc }hw malamnka} la} npaya} a }apaw{h}, pnwn ~xh ln h}{wxm{xwn ca h}{é }adh{ikn n h}bxhwva} kh bnlln: kh la mac{wnwia }xbwiwän xcn khblhuiýc ~xh pakwän khbawdnwln phwdnchc{hdhc{h %khblhuiýc phwdnch c{h)#
Pîoicn ;=
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
GIGLIAOWNBIN
Ghhw y Faec}{ac, Dhmîcimn kh dn{hwinlh}, 8{n hkimiýc 70>0# Hki{awinl DmOwn$Eill#
Eigghlhw, W# M#, Dhmîcimn kh Dn{hwinlh}, 2{n hkimiýc, Déuima, 7002# Hki{awinl PHNW]AC HKXMNMIAC#
Fndh} D# Ohwh, Dhmîcimn kh Dn{hwinlh}, ?dn# Hkimiýc, 7009# Mhconoh Lhnwcico Hki{awh}, ]#N kh M#R#
Cimealn} _illhd}, Wh}i}{hcmin kh dn{hwinlh}, >955# Hki{awinl DmOwn$Eill#
Pîoicn ;;
Dhmîcimn Kh ]ýlika} III H}bxhwva} madgicnka}
WHBHWHCMIN]
La} hfhdpla} {hýwima} bxhwac pln}dnka} kh la} ligwa} nc{h} dhcmiacnka} h}phmäbimndhc{h kh6
Hfhdpla >#>
Ghhw y Faec}{ac, Dhmîcimn kh dn{hwinlh}, =hw hkimiýc# Hki{awinl DmOwn$Eill# Mnpä{xla ?
]hmmiýc ?#9 H}bxhwva} hc whmipihc{h} kh pnwhk khlonkn Gnfa pwh}iýc
Hfhdpla >#7
Ghhw y Faec}{ac, Dhmîcimn kh dn{hwinlh}, ;{n hkimiýc# Hki{awinl DmOwn$Eill# Mnpä{xla ? [WNC]BAWDNMIACH] KH H]BXHWVA Y KHBAWDNMIACH] KHBAWDNMIACH]
Hfhdpla >#=
Ghhw y Faec}{ac, Dhmîcimn kh dn{hwinlh}, ;{n hkimiýc# Hki{awinl DmOwn$Eill# Mnpä{xla 5 H]BXWVA] PWICMIPNLH] GNFA XCN MNWON KNKN
Pîoicn ;8
