BN\UIJ X\ICÉDIBJ
Hr. Qnhrj @r`vnb` Xjrrns Ibstitutj hn @b`tjdä`, Fistjkjcä` y Q`tjkjcä` E`mukt`h hn Dnhimib`
BN\UIJ X\ICÉDIBJ Nstädukj
\nspunst`
rnmnptjr snbsjri`k
nenmtjr
UI@ ]NB]IXIU ]NB]IXI U@ X\ICND X\ICNDIB@K IB@K UI@ DJXJ\@ X\ICNDIB@K
mnbtrj ibtncr`hjr
Hnrd`tjd`s
U0 r`d` jetàkdim` U< r`d` d`xik`r U= r`d` d`bhiluk`r
Xricédibj? jricnb rn`k ]NB]IXIUJ] •Bÿmknj dnsnbmneàkimj •Bÿmknj snbsitivj pribmip`k •Bÿmknj nspib`k DJXJ\N] •Bÿmknj djtjr -Histrilumiýb hn bnurjb`s snbsitiv`s -Bnurjb`s psnuhjubipjk`rns -\`djs `smnbhnbtns mjrtjs y hnsmnbhnbtns k`rcjs
Bnrvij tricédibj
jricnb rn`k ” `p`rnbtn ” vä`s snbsitiv`s
Bÿmknj nspib`k?
sulbÿmknj jr`k ]ulbÿmknj ibtnrpjk`r ]ulbÿmknj m`uh`k
Kàdib` I y II? zjb` p`rvjmnkuk`r - t¿ t ¿ y hjkjr Kàdib` III y IU IU?? zjb` d`cbjmnkuk`r ” t`mtj bj hismridib`tivj
@enrnbmi`s bÿmknjs snbsitivjs pribmip`kns
Bÿmknj Dnsnbmneàkimj
prjpijmnpmiýb
Qrjpijmnpmiýb mjdpknt` hn k` m`lnz` prjvnbinbtn hn eilr`s djtjr`s (fusjs bnurjdusmuk`rns)
Bÿmknj snbsitivj pribmip`k
t`mtj eibj, hismridib`tivj
(r`djs `smnbhnbtns mjrtjs)
Bÿmknj nspib`k (r`djs `smnbhnbtns k`rcjs) ]ulbÿmknj jr`k ]ulbÿmknj ibtnrpjk`r ]ulbÿmknj m`uh`k
t ` m t j e i b j y h i s m r i d i b ` t iv iv j hjkjr y t¿ hjkjr y t¿
0/= punbtn ” luklj ” m< ` m= déhuk` mnrvim`k X`mtj y prnsiýb lurh` (prjtjpàtim`, prjpijmnpmiýb mjbminbtn), tnrdj`kcnsi` (hjkjr y tndpnr`tur`) y `enrnbmi` hjkjrs` pukp`r prjpijmnpmiýb pukp`r prjpijmnpmiýb mjbminbtn, vilr`miýb, sibnstnsi` + >1% `enrnbmi`s pukp`rns.
Eilr`s @ΰ y @μ ↜ snbsilikih`h prjtjpàtim` Eilr`s @θ ” eilr`s tipj M ↜ snbsilikih`h tnrdj`kcnsi`, npimrätim`
Uä`s snbsitiv`s 0nr` bnurjb`?
psnuhjubipjk`r Bÿmknj snbsitivj pribmip`k Bÿmknj nspib`k mjbnxijbns hn bÿmknjs tricndib`kns? F`z tricédibj ” t`kàdim` BUQD (kndbismj tricndib`k) F`z tricédibj ” mnrnlnkjs` F`z tricédibj ” rntimuk`rns sistnd` rntimuk`r pnri`munhumt`k bÿmknj t`kàdimj `btnrijr mjrtnz` hnk mäbcukj (sist. kädlimj) tricédibj ” rnekno`
91% mjbtr`k`tnr`k ” 01% ipsik`tnr`k
Qrjpijmnpmiýb?? Qrjpijmnpmiýb
\neknoj d`sntnribj? d`sntnribj?
X\ICÉDIBJ? jricnb `p`rnbtn
Xnbtjrij mnrnlnk`r Ibmisur` tricndib`k ]nbj pntrjsj supnrijr Qrjkjbc`miýb hn k` hur`d`hrn
@rtnri` mnrnlnk`r mnrnlnk`r `btnrijr
X\ICÉDIBJ? tr`ynmtj y rnk`mijbns
@rtnri` mnrnlnk`r mnrnlnk`r `btnrijr
U0? bnrvij Jetàkdimj Xr`ynmtj \nk`mijbns \@DJ] •Mjk`tnr`k dnbäbcn` •B@]JMIKI@\ •E\JBX@K •K@C\ID@K
U0? bnrvij Jetàkdimj
U0? bnrvij Jetàkdimj B@]JMIKI@\
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- mjk`tnr`kns r`d`s c`bckij miki`r (snbsitivjs) ” bv. mkik`rns mjrtjs bnrvijs miki`rns k`rcjs bnrvij ntdjih`k pjstnrijr
- tnrdib`kns ntdjih`k `btnrijr `btnrijr (b`s`k (b`s`k ibtnrbj y b`sjkjluk`r)
iber`trjmkn`r
U0? bnrvij Jetàkdimj B@]JMIKI@\
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- tnrdib`kns
ntdjih`k `btnrijr `btnrijr (b`s`k (b`s`k ibtnrbj y b`sjkjluk`r) iber`trjmkn`r
U0? bnrvij Jetàkdimj E\JBX@K -tnrdib`kns -tnrdib`kns??
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supr`jrlit`rij (k`tnr`k y dnhi`k) supr`jrlit`rij supr`trjmkn`r
U0? bnrvij Jetàkdimj K@C\ID@K
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-\`dj k`tnr`k j k`crid`k , mjdubim`miýb mjb nk bnrvij jrlit`rij hnk bv. d`xik`r -\`dj dnhi`k j p`kpnlr`k j p`kpnlr`k
U
\@DJ] MJK@XN\@KN] (5) Bnrvij rnmurrnbtn dnbäbcnj (dnbäbcnj dnhij)
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Bnrvij jrlit`rij j micjdàtimj?
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r`djs k`crid`kns bnrvij micjdàtimj e`mi`k bnrvij micjdàtimj tndpjr`k
mjd. c`bckij ptnricjp`k`tibj •bnrvij ptnricjp`k`tibj (pjr `cuonrj nenbjp`k`tibj) •
- b`sjp`k`tibj
- b`s`k pjstnrjsupnrijr pjstnrjsupnrijrns, ns, supnrijrns supnrijrns y dnhijs dnhijs -bnrvij p`k`tibj d`yjr -bnrvijs p`k`tibjs dnbjrns
bnrvij p`k`tjv`cib`k •\`djs `kvnjk`rns pjstnrjsupnrijrns •\`djs `kvnjk`rns supnrijr dnhij •\`djs `kvnjk`rns supnrijr `btnrijr •
\@DJ] XN\DIB@KN] Bnrvij iber`jrlit`rij (pnb`mfj iber`jrlit`rij)
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U
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Bnrvij jrlit`rij j micjdàtimj r`djs k`crid`kns (`c. micjd`timjjrlit`r micjd`timjjrlit`rij) ij)
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bnrvij micjdàtimj micjdàtimj e`mi`k y bnrvij micjdàtimj micjdàtimj tndpjr`k tndpjr`k
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U
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bnrvij p`k`tjv`cib`k p`k`tjv`cib`k (tnmfj hn ribje`ribcn ribje`ribcn))
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U
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\`djs `kvnjk`rns supnrijr dnhij
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\`djs `kvnjk`rns supnrijr `btnrijr
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\@DJ] XN\DIB@KN] Bnrvij iber`rlit`rij (p`kpnlr`kns, k`li`kns y b`s`kns)
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c`bckij nsenbjp`k`tibj (bv.. M`b`k ptnricjihnj) (ubiýb hn bnrvijs pntrjsjs-supnreimi`k `enrnbmi`s hnk bnrvij vihi`bj (bv pntrjsjs-supnreimi`k UII p`r y prjeubhj IV p`r,), kknv`b eilr`s p`r`sidpàtim`s ` k` ckàbhuk` k`crid`k, ckàbhuk`s s`kiv`kns dnbjrns hn p`k`h`r y k`lijs, dumjs` b`s`k y snbj d`xik`r
U=? bnrvij d`bhiluk`r Xr`ynmtj \nk`mijbns ^lim`miýb bnrvij djtjr djtjr,, hnshjlk`dinbtj hn k` hur`d`hrn, hivisiýb hn hjs trjbmjs tnrdib`kns @cuonrj jv`k.
U=? bnrvij d`bhiluk`r MJK@XN\@KN] \`dj k`tnr`k (=)?
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bnrvij tndpjrjd`sntnribj tndpjr`k prjeubhj dnhij bnrvij tndpjrjlum`k
\`dj dnhi`k (=)?
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\`d`s pjstnrijr?
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XN\DIB@KN]?
trjbmj mjdÿb p`r` ptnricihnj dnhi`k, tnbsjr hnk vnkj hnk p`k`h`r y ttnbsjr hnk tädp`bj tädp`bj bnrvij `urimukjtndpj `urimukjtndpjr`k r`k
bnrvij `kvnjk`r ibenrijr - Bnrvij dikjfijähnj - Bnrvij dnbtjbi`bj bnrvij kibcu`k
Bnrvij d`bhiluk`r M`n nb nsp`mij ibtnrptnricjihnj, pjr k`tnr`k ` e`smi` ibtnrptnricjihn` y dnhi`k `k ptnricjihnj k`tnr`k y e`smi` ptnricjtndpjrjd`bhiluk`r.
\`dj k`tnr`k? Kjs trns r`djs `tr`vins`b nk `cuonrj mrut`eitimjlummib`tjrij hn Fyrtk •
nd p j r j l u m ` k (tndp -b n r v i j t nd prje `bt. y lum`k)
-t n d p j r ` k p r j e u b h j d n h i j
-b n r v i j t n d p j r j d ` s n t n riri b j (tndp prje pjst y d`sntnribj)
\`dj k`tnr`k? nd p j r j l u m ` k (tndp prje `bt. y lum`k) -b n r v i j t nd -t n d p j r ` k p r j e u b h j d n h i j
U=? bnrvij d`bhiluk`r
\`dj dnhi`k? trjbmj mjdÿb p`r` ptnricjihnj dnhi`k, tnbsjr hnk vnkj hnk p`k`h`r y tnbsjr hnk tädp`bj (sn hiricnb f`mi` ibenrijr mruz`bhj k` e`smi` ibtnrptnricjih ibtnrptnricjihn`) n`) \`d`s pjstnrijrns? pjstnrijrns ? bnrvij `urimukjtndpjr`k (jo`k `rtnri` dnbibcn` dnhi`, `tr`vins` jo`k rntrjmjbhiknj \`djs ibenrijrns? Bnrvij `kvnjk`r ibenrijr - Bnrvij dikjfijähnj - Bnrvij dnbtjbi`bj -Bnrvij kibcu`k
\`dj dnhi`k? trjbmj mjdÿb p`r` ptnricjihnj dnhi`k, dnhi`k, tnbsjr hnk vnkj hnk p`k`h`r y tnbsjr hnk tädp`bj \`d`s pjstnrijrns? pjstnrijrns? bnrvij `urimukjtndpjr`k (jo`k `rtnri` dnbibcn` dnhi`, `tr`vins` jo`k rntrjmjbhiknj, mjdubim`miýb mjb c`bckij ýtimj)
\`djs ibenrijrns? Bnrvij `kvnjk`r ibenrijr - Bnrvij dikjfijähnj - Bnrvij dnbtjbi`bj -Bnrvij kibcu`k
b n r v i j k ib ib c u ` k - b n r v i j k i b c u ` k d i x t j ( + bv. Munrh`s hnk tädp`bj)
Ibnrv` dumjs` `rmj p`k`tjckjsj y tjbsik`s ` ck`bh. suld`bhiluk`r y sulkibcu`k Ibnrv` rnciýb `btnrijr hn knbcu`
Xémbim`s `bnstésim`s
m`b`k p`k`tibj `btnrijr
m`b`k p`k`tibj d`yjr
ejr`dnb d`bhiluk`r
BN\UIJ X\ICÉDIBJ
Hr. Qnhrj @r`vnb` Xjrrns Ibstitutj hn @b`tjdä`, Fistjkjcä` y Q`tjkjcä` E`mukt`h hn Dnhimib`
