Madrid Es Una Isla

introducción L h  b  v ,   ,   z á   q     z. E b q  M    ví x      ñ,         á    í,  á     b q  v     ví. E b     M   ,          . S b  h ,   q    M,  v   q  h . M    . E     Eñ ,     h    ,   b b  í   x     b  b,      k. S b,      í        ,     b,             bz     b. M  b b  á á     h     b   . D q F II  M     ,  q v     T,   b  M h   ví   . C   ví, M h b b  hz . E   ii   b        A ñ       C. Cv

001-224 Madrid es una isla indd 11

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madrid es una isla

    ,    M b  E   Aé,    í   v    . A  v     ii  iii  í   q b M,   q bb       é   q  . Aá,        , í     b       . E   M bí     b b     ,      , vb á      áb á x,               b,             C. E   iii  í  b       b   h       ,    bv   v  v    x      q hí h í     C,  z  b b  v      v. E   b    qí  í     , bv   C. L      á x   ,   q bb       v  b  v — — q h  —     iii   b,   . E h  F II,  z h   v   b   h  M     é   í q bí z  ,       h ñ,  E- q  b   13%   b ñ    17%  PIB,   á       í,  v é,  b,    v úb,  v,    ,   á é, v  í,   v í —  q   q á—, b  ,  í,  v ,  é   v x-


24/01/2013 17:11:49

introducción

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, b   v  v,    h úb, b  á   á,    ,    áb       ,  v,        ñ h  ú . E  í       ,  b   q            x  b, , v  ;        ,   q            qb. L hz  M   h    , q   í   í  Eñ. F  q   ,   ,  b    q     , qí h v   í,       . D  ú    bz  Eñ h q ,    vz,   v     E, q h   í   v   v áq     úb. E  h   b   í b  v,      ,       á;  b   í b    . H        v  v    E. L hí hb        á,     qí b       b, q   v v  z   . L         ,   v  z   v. E       b    á  E    ,    í       Eñ,   íb   x   ,  í vá  q   í í  á é,     bí      . Aí q  v  M,  , z     -


24/01/2013 17:11:49

14

madrid es una isla

   q  hbí      ,  í           q ví b. D           ,  q        í,      bí    z    v E , é     , h    é- é-    á ñ,      q     v  . U     E   v , b     A Ré, v q   h  q   E v   q z,   h,  b v úb, q b   v    ,  q z  í,  ,  z   v,  v  E      b   ,  E bá, ,      ,    v     ,     E b    b   v    ,     bz   . D  ,  vz    v b, z    v   í,               ,   v      bí ,         v    b  Pí  L. L . Vb M  vb Eñ. L  ñ    M      i v   . E ,  ,  v,  Uv C   T R             . A q   b    v    v í,     q í . L    í      ,    Míz   R   Dq  Rv z    Gb. L       -


24/01/2013 17:11:49

introducción

15

            b    E,  í q h     b h h  q h v           M, vé     z, bv  . S b,   v q     í   ,        M   í      q   b            ú . L        v   b     h   ,     é  1860, bv   q v    ñ  b          . Dñ  v         - é,        q    z  í,       h h  q í hb      h á v  b. Y    q   ,   ú  , , ,   ,  h v                     h   ñ:   , , ví, , , é, v  é. L  h           v     ñ   h    ñ,     q —q —q    q—    - h     h , v,   í  í h  . L  q      ñ    i    q, h  , v v  h  í. E    M   á     á. F  í x, -


24/01/2013 17:11:49

16

madrid es una isla

  ,  á b   ,   é      v   M       bz  Eñ. P    h     b    q,   ,  v , b   h   v  z á  q  ,   M , v      í      b  b. P  b   q         í   R,  hh  q  b v        Eñ í  v v   í  . P    ñ í   z,  í      é, v, b     ,     M   E     ,     . L     h  M,  « » q  Gà B    b     , b   á vb    b          ,     v   , q       v úb  v   Eñ  q     ,   í    ñ,       —qb —qb   ,   í  M   h ñ—     í    b. D   i M h v  z    q,    b v       ,      , , , ,      z  ,        úb;     , ,     . S       q   v   í q   ü   -


24/01/2013 17:11:49

introducción

17

v b q   ,   v  v  . L    h    q     i,    ñ 2007 Eñ z  áx h  , bb      8,6%,     OCDE,         65%,  á   q       UE   27. E  x á v    ,     q    q h     v       hv á    qí    b   negocios del Estado. D   hb  Mqé  S    í  Ib II   b v    úb      Az,  vz   x   Eí  H, C Sh,  q Eñ   í     í h  á á,     íí    ú  E h   b   í ñ h v       , b     é x   x    . N   xñ      q   h     M h     úb   qz ñ      ,    x   q h     ñ,    E,  B  Eñ,  T Púb   v b. E     í,  v       M     qív  b   z,    q   , h q  b            b ,    . Má á  ñ h  é ñ    E     áq  ,  é á  b v-b   R    b PP-


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madrid es una isla

PSOE    á       b      b   áx                í   ñ. Y         ,    b h v    í q   ñ     q q    b  b   M. Vigo, verano de 2009 - 25 de septiembre de 2012


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110

madrid es una isla

 h  q   í á h     á á  v  CSIC (  q í   v b    é    á)  h     é      I+D,        b q   ñ  v   á            é   i         CSIC  M,   qñ      G:   E B.  el gran madrid. los costes económicos M      b     . Aí    q h F Ch G ví  hbb  á         «Cá  M    ñ». T   ,  q Ch G ñb  1954  q      ciudad sostenible. Ch,  M    ,  b    q zb     q í v   b     M q é í  qí,   q —qzá —qzá      «»   q— bvb        v á ,  ví   b     q  í M  q    xí   . E  z  M   , Ch hz   h  í    q   ñb      q Eñ q  bb  qí, b          q hb q z «á   á      í» , b ,  ñ  «    »,  ,  í  h h    í             « -


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peaje y fonda. el precio de una capital total

111

á» q  í   « b»  q ú í  «  q vh    ». L í  Ch í  h       í    b,  q   á ,   b  á b  q  b bé   á   Dv R — —   h—   b      «  C»   hh  hb  « hinv í q   terland ví  M   »,  ví   M,     b   b    ñ   ii, R í        Ch q b  b  b      M,    í   v   b          . E 1954,  Ch b  í, M  b      á b  Eñ,  v á  B. S  é    v    í   ú   hb,  b  b    , ú    1950  ñ hbí 1.527.894 ñ  1.276.675 b,   q ví  á b   b  b  hh. E 1940  1950  b  M hbí    40%   á   í  h 1970,    —q —q  b   — b         v. E  á      b bé  v       v q,  b     G M q  x q   z  Nv E,  hbí           hb q vví   . E P  O  M b  1941,     í-  q    Ch,  q      q , b  h     C  


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112

madrid es una isla

  z h h    h    b    í Mz,      bá  v M ,   q bí    v   :    íb   ,      íb            FET    JONS  íb   qí. E  bé í v     ,     í ,   q b  ví V, q  í h  V  L Cí  E E. D q     b   v h 1946,            q   b       é    h G M ,       v     q ñb  q   ,   v b b  hb q  í v   bz h  é   ñ h. L   q,     ñ     v  ,  1950     M í ú     b  q í  1900,  q b  hz  ,    v    (   í)  E b b     í   b. Censo de 1950/población de hecho

Madrid

Barcelona

Hombre Mujer Hombre Mujer

T b  v 479.067 11666.190 44006.508 11663.758 P é é    33.930 12.397 25.541 12.997 E v      , ,           87..46 87 4677 26 26.8 .888 88 66 66..11 1133 15 15.2 .266 66 Tb    v 46.546


6.184 38.931 12.652

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Censo de 1950/población de hecho

Madrid

113

Barcelona

Hombre Mujer Hombre Mujer

A, , , z,   

4 .6 0 3

2 6 3 1 2 .8 7 0

23 4

Tb    í   2 78 0 79 8 0 C  vhí, , b  v 2 1 .2 0 4 0 1 5 .8 2 4 0 A   198.665 26.216 222.127 62.027 P  v   (x z ) 6 .2 9 2 0 3 .0 6 4 0 P  v é,   á 33.890 92.069 18.444 59.796 M  1 9 .9 5 7 0 6 .4 2 7 0 P      17.500 2.104 2.153 577 Pb v    5.575 25.486 2.950 13.452 Pb v   b,    17.314 3.837 18.156 8.205 Pb  

236.670 684.296 149.102 518.048

E 1950          ñ, q í   b á    i,                  í        v é. P h   ñ í  á b q   b,    í  b í       v. L v v     b    v


24/01/2013 17:11:52

114

madrid es una isla

   q —h —h   ,  z   v —   í  v qb    ,    q  b      E. L v    b,  ,     ñí   í b  í  . L      v  . J      —q —q  í,     ñ—,       x, vá  ,      ,   v  b    . D   ñ,    b  v         v  ,  , q  í      v  q      crack   1929. P    x    v ñ       vz q  v  q   hbí . A    v v q      S G M,  v  qz    á v       h  é  1950,    v   E (UE-12)   z h  é  1960  qz ,  h     qz  á. E       q      , q  b  í    q á b  b   1940,   q  baby boom ñ   — —     — h  é  1950. P ,    v         é  é   í,       q      M,     í, ú  í   P G  O bí  1946, « z z    í     N», bv q   í   í  «      q bí       ú». P  hb   b     , 


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í  b  «       ,  áx qí,   ,   h         ,     á    h-». C   ,  é b    v ñ        z   q,   z   b úb  v    h,  x q      v    b  v. É   z       —á —á á    —     . L í v    ñ  q    v      b  v          b z  v   v. D  ,  á   é  E ñ    í            ,       v, v ,  q  ú        b  bb   ,     qí         E  M. L  z    ,              b b   18    1936 —   b v    ,   v   «  Mú»—,     , , h,   hb ,     b      í h q  b  b   b  é. D               v h  v,  q  í    x,   b    h M,     Nv E ,    xb  P  O,     áx qí,    h   «  ».


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madrid es una isla

U ñ é  é   ,    hb    b  hb     33 ,     M hbí       í q í       ñ. Dz ñ é,  1950,   ú      q b  v    PIB   . D hh,   36 ñ  b  Gí F, M    q     PIB ñ,      í     16,8%  ,      í  8%. D  ,   1975 Eñ hbí     v q í   E  1936,  b  hbí b ,    qb   b,      ,  q v    ví    M   q    hb. E ú á  q  qb     á v,   v    b   z           hb h  v  — —   —,  bé h     G M,   z        Eñ. Pí  q  q v   ú       í   áq      P  Rv,  z  q,  b       1929,     v   S Rúb  q í, ,    . C  b ,  E ñ  hz    v   í  vé        z   q b   b   í     . E v                 v v  q    v        é  í b  h  v  í. S b,  


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v         P  Rv  v q    b       x   á b    ,        í,  bé  b, b  v   (        b     ),  b  b   í,       í   A Th & Th. C  ,  v             ,   b  qb    bz  ,   bv ()      é    x     vh  hz     q b      :  ,  ,  b   í . S b, ,           v, vé   v    E. Y       í     qí   z      í ñ  M,  q    h      í    z         vzí   b, b      q    b  z. D  v ñ q   1922,        P  Rv,  1947,    í  statu quo bancario q,  b    M    50%   v     v  í ( b úb   ñ),         ,   v   . E    qí  áx   v   v     ,    bá —, —,  v,     b—   b úb,  é     q       . L      P  Rv     b-


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madrid es una isla

í   é  ,    é  vv. D hh,       v  v     b  ñ,     ñ,         q  h Uq Uí        B Uq  1918,     b   U Eé Mñ,  Cñí G Mñ  E,  Cñí  Tví  M,  H Rz  M,  Cñí Ax  F, F ,  S Eñ  C Má,  S Eñ  C Nv (q      ñ     Cb  F        Nv),  Cñí G A (q xb    M)   Cñí Tb  M. E  , q b  z    ( q      b),       í      b  M,  x       ñ -,  ,          q          R. A   hb    ñ ,  B Uq   1922      b  í,    B C,  B H A   B Eñ  Cé —B— —B— í      ñ,      b q b         b v  M       Eñ. E B B  Uq      h Uq Uí,          E Uq,  vé   1816      M    ñ. G           á, E z  b   b Rhh  M,       bb    1844-1848,   q  b    b  b , ,


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  v     B  Eñ     1856. A     v, E Uq   x       b  é,   q bv   b í  . Aí,    b     qé  S,  q  O   qé  Añ,      b  í,    b b    b  é   E. Obv bé  q     A  Sb   é    H ñ  1871,   1883  b   M  ñ é           . L     qé  Uq        í- q  v    q  Áv    b  í   D,  í    b P  Pv  1867. A   h, b    b J M,   M  1875,   C  A  M  1879,   Áv  1881  1899 ( é     v) ,     í E, q b   D  Áv,   B  Eñ,  F  Mí   B H, í    Rhh  Eñ. J M       C Uq   á ,   í  í    v á qb, b    E (37      4%     48   1885),  q      Uq   á b     B Uq,  q í  v . E   bé bí          bz vzí   Az   ,   á    v  í   ñ. P  1919 — — ñ é    B Uq— M Az,   M,  v   í í-


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madrid es una isla

  E Uq (  qé  Uq),  b   Gb  Eñ   vz,  q í  v  1921  q v q b     A. Tbé  1919,     b,  h F  Jé L Uí A,    Uq Uí, v    b A   B C,       Jéz A  Lz Jéz,      Cé   U M, H  Ríz A, Cé Nv, B Gz, B  S, B C  B  Cé  Zz. D  ,  v b b     C A  M,  b          í  vé    . L    Uí   Uq z  E,  qé  Uq      ,    bb L  Uí, v  L,      A,   í   C Uq. L  Uí,   F F   Jé L,    v    E   b  1893  qé  A      Mí C,         Áv  1899  1904, ñ  q      ñ J M M  Uq Uq  ( (  qé q é  Uq) U q)          b A. L  Uí bé     b ,      C Uí —h —h  Jé L  F—  J M  Bh  Núñz  P, h  Jqí L M  Bh  C q,  á   Cñ,         1919   b  b v  Eñ,    J M    Bh  Uí, hé  Aáz  T    Dv Az,  á   V q   q         23  b  1981. E B H A    M 1901  A B, Gv Z    — —    — q  hbí q  Méx,


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 b   x  b. C  b  b  v   h —ú       1902—,     ñ      b         Cb, í        ñ  Cb  Méx, x   h Aé  S. N b,  v  b    ñ     ñ      G G,   q   q       b ñ     1922   b     Eñ,  90     634    ,  q  b  q       b v  í. P ú,  B Eñ  Cé         S G  Cé Mb Eñ,   z  b  M  1856     b v. T T    1902,  30%    v b qí    Cé Mb Eñ,  40%    B  Pí   Pí B (B Pb),  q  30%  í  v   C Sáhz B,   U  1880   H  1906  R Fáz Vv,  q       b. Fáz Vv   v  (    H),  v   Gb  Eñ ( 1903  1905)     1899    bz q v  b,  bv    é   E, v   ú ñ   i       . A ,        Jé GzAb  C,  qé  C    F   M  1918  1922, v. v . A      í ñ       b,     b     í   b  ,  q     x b  M   b -


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madrid es una isla

b   b h   .  . H q    bé q,      v       í, í   ,       b  í  é  E ñ. C       x  z bé   P G M    é   ,    ñz á   ,      b   . E           b  M  1922     b    é  ñ     R:        q í q   A Ré, b   q        b  1900    1940. E     ú    ñ  z q í   ví   h     q, á á      í b,     z    q  z h   é ñ, í    z           q b  v    . C x   F Jv M       qé  Uq,   q í      ( ,  b       M  ) í   b b ,  b , h   . E  b      q b  M       b     b,    q       b,       b     ,   é b í v    í   b     . S    q   ,  ,  ,    í, í,


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í, í  í ,  , , v, éq,   ...,          . Y   , ,    ,,     , h  , q     h   ,   b   q  h  —qzá —qzá   —               q    , v,   v. É      b q    Eñ   z  M,  ñz  Eñ q             b b , q   hb  b b — — á b —      b ; q     ,   q  v    v — — v,   v—      ;    q        — úb  v—    ,      ,    í    . L      bé        q, ñ  ,        ,      ví    ( ví q, ú E,  Eñ           );    b b  q b,    v ,     v  h ú  x  E (z      Gb, q  b   q            /z  S P,   q  h ñ    é);     é   ,  q h   z       z,  b    ,      


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madrid es una isla

  ;   é   v v    b í  h q,  2007,  z  áx h  , bb      8,6% (    OCDE)       65%, x     UE   27. L      v  x    b ñ,  b         í     ñ,       ví ,    ,     h ,      ,    b   b,         v    ,   q q    z  M,    x           í   z   Eñ. N h  v   q M      Eñ,     v  í,       v,    ,   v,   ,           : q   . L   í, z   b       x    ,  v  x   — —  x—     . D   i       vz      z    . C    v    v b    b,      qb     h  q ,  í   qñ b  v    . A  z  z              . Aí,    Cáz, q     i —b —b     — í     b   v   ,  vv   ú b     1866.


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C     z, M   v     ,      é   H úb     M   . D hh,  H ñ — —       B  Eñ—    h í   í   ,  h    ( )   í. C      úb ví        b  , í  M  v       úb     í. E B  Eñ, q  1874 z       b       (56  1874  1892)   í   bv   , q  «v z    »,        h ñ h  . A    D  H E  B  Eñ,  b         B  Eñ-M [sic ]   T,  q     v q í    E. Má q b     é,    B  Eñ   bá q xí     ,       M    b     q b   x x   T. T  í q  v             B  Eñ     ñ  v,   q   b       qb vz. Sú R A Ávz, h  Sv  E  B  Eñ,    b ,  q  í. H q    á q  B  Eñ   — —    í h 1946—  b v, q   í b   ,  q í      b v       . E  ú ñ   R,  b v ñ z       v b


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madrid es una isla

  ñ    B  Eñ, q bb     b   z z      b  b. Y bé     ñ      b q hbí      ñ h  ú é     ,   q í bz   b ñ. E ñz   b v ñ v       x b z,       (v b b  PIB)     1900  1913     1929. L  v  b  ,      v   A Eñ   B  1947     PIB,  v     b ñ v q  v b h    q. Aí ,     b v ñ      í  q   b ñ z  ñ — —  PIB— q           ;   q  z á   b í  z b,    b v x — —  B Eñ  Cé—  v v  ñz. D     b,   z  ñz,      q  í bé h h:         E   b     bz  ñ, q   v      v    R. O í h h       b ñ   h     bé  í,    v. M b        , z  v,  b b b        v,  b v —q —q      b bv— z      v       v q hí    ú   í. E 1947,  ñ é  -


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    z  z  B  Eñ    B  O  Cé   B,       q  PIB ñ       ví  7%    1935,  b v ñ z      100%  PIB, q      í  á          . P ,      b, q       í        ,   Eñ    q    ,  ú  v   é,     b      í v     í b  . T   v   b ñ bv  b        ,       h      ñ ,   q z    v v   z . E   b   b b     v  vz       v  z   b,      b ñ — v   M—       v,     , ,  ,    ,   v   b           í     é  v b  b     v. E í      b   v   í  ñ    q  1967,   b  F í  v v   ,  v  bz  á    país refugio  Sz q   í   í  ví    Eñ. E x v  bz b      ,  bé     — —  í         v v—      í  á vz  v  G Bñ 


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madrid es una isla

Sz. L     ñ       b       z    b    ñ,     b ñ z  70%   b     í áq. D      bz   í  é,  b  ñ        , q  b    M ví í  1975    59%   b v  (vé x 7  8).

Eñ F Bé A G Bñ EE. UU. Sz

Nv  bz 1967 (*100/PIB) 56,7 34,4 47,5 29,5 33,8 25,4 80,3

E b    q   bz b z   í ñ,      R,       é    vb   é   v  b q bí     P  Rv (h),  h  q bí v    z   v   é í-. S      q í   ví     z        v,    ñ í     ñ     é   qí  é,    b,      í,  q  á        S Pá,  1918,  


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  O B ( « «  Cb»)  1921,   ú é   z    x. D      ,  b v  í  xv,   1917    á  é    B  Eñ   í    úb. E í      b,   í                v. D  ñ  1920,   1922  1927,                   B  Eñ  é b  úb,   q  hh bvb     . L     bz      1920,        x q   P G M. E Eñ,              í b q, b   ,        v    q  bz   ñ   v  v. v . P   í         í  ,  é í-   R           b            v ñ,  í   qb    é      é úb (vé x 9). E 1923  v    v v  úb q hbí q     í     v     E     b . P    b       D M  «á    b   b   ,      b úb   ñ». L b   E  é é              —  q  hh  í,          —     b úb,  q   


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madrid es una isla

 éb       v v,       x b   ñ b  v  v. E ,  b ñ  b       v         ,  í á á  E  q é    . E    h  h  1925,   D  b  b v    é    H   v Cv S. E v , q hbí    í     A M,    á    úb      x     R,   í    v í    q h     E     (vé x 10). R  q      v     «»  «x» — h     —  q  b    extraordinaria q v v  E  . L b úb b  b   b bé   b:     ñí   , ,       q  b. Aá,    E     ,  b vb    q q b    b,   q    — —    b— í   v     q b  x        E. Aq  í  v  b     z   ñ       ,  hz        í,   Eñ        M   b b  q    b     q ú  h  q  ú b ñ q v,  q ,      2007. E ,   


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 h     v,       b    b      b ,   v     h b ñ   ú  h     vé   z:  Uq  h   Sb,  q  C,  H A  B  h    G S,   q       b v ñ. E    b   S,  BBVA,         b v —B—B  Bb  B Vz—   h A, q b  b úb ñ h  q. E  ú   1999,  BBVA     h bí  N q  hbí     i       F Gzáz Ríz,  hb          úb ñ. T     B  S     BBVA,  b   b ñ  b     v    ñ, q b      S  Bb. P  ,    b ñ,  ñ B P,     é  1920     b  í  b  P  Rv   A XIII, q   . F   ñ        v ,   b  M  F,          ñ,  v b,  A E C, SA; Ví  C, SA; Gé Nv  H. C, SA; E  Táv, SA; D  C, SA; Ob  C I, SA;  C  C, SA, bé    h bb      ñ: Fv, ACS, A, FCC, S  OHL. E 1926  é   3.540       á      G  M   b úb v    h  C N  F E,      -


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madrid es una isla

ñ ñ   á  v. P     v  b úb   é  á á  , q   z  áx     b  z     b,   q    ñí v  bé    x  ú q b í, áq, é. Sú   hb     b    ,   v  v v      q í b í       b    ,  í  . E  v     ví b     hh  q  q,   vz,  b     M      í        é,   q,   x,  b  Eñ  v     . E   I  C, b   é  z   v,    v q  v í   ,  b  F           é   ú    — — —     v . D q P  Rv z  í vé   v    í  E (  q h  hbí   ),       h         áq        M; h hh          ñ  bv   í , q é    v   é          ;  h h  b    ñ      bv    , q    vh . D hh,   í   z     q — —  A — 


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 1929    . P P  Rv,      b      ,  í   q      z       b    q  é  á v,  v b    ñ  q... ,  ,  b q   í     q í: «L b   25. ¡Vv Eñ!». P     ñ ,  í ñ  1929     x   hbí     1922,        q ñ  q          é   q   hbí z       1919,  z  P G M   ñ    .

1874-1899 1900-1913 1914-1918 1919-1922 1923-1929 1923-1930 1931-1935

I   PIB ..    0 ,9 3 1 ,8 5 0,59 3,65 3,72 2,84 0,69

I   PIB .. ( á) 0,47 1,19 -0,093 2 ,9 0 2 ,6 5 1 ,4 8 0 ,2 8

P ,           í bé  é         ,  í q í         v,     x,  q b  b       . E           b  q  b    b v ñ. S  b b b      q   


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madrid es una isla

v  hbí q     vzí,  b  M  b           E,        b    z    í. E h      ñ      í q        b,    b    é. E 1922  1975  b v ñ v   á  v   v,   v  , q    b ñ  ñ. I     é  1940,   b  M z  áx v       áq,  v  v    q      b (vé x 11). E hh, q b  v v   í   b    b  ,   z         b. E        í,    x   z q í    bq    G M     v   í  E. E q ,  x   Eñ z       2007, 2007, ,    b v   h  (qzá  b    , z  1866),  b ñ b    v  é b v   27 í   UE,      N, q   í x   (vé x 12). L z  ñ  b q v b   x   b             vb,    b      v  v  , é   v  é úb q  ,       ,    qb,  z  v,    E  ví z    b      v    .


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E 1930, é  x  P  Rv,   B   í  «b» q         qb   í           . S   v b   q Cv S hbí   v   é        z  qb . C  v  h  qb   v v      bé   v  v ,   q  é    z     . A    ,   qb   v   v ,      S Rúb vv    v b, í   í    q  z  í x   P G M. C ,  ,                b b,  bé  b    zq  z b b    q . E b   I P,    H   Rúb,     q  b b  hb z       ,       v   C  1934, h      1927 q        C: «¿N é q   z  hbé  v     b  z? E M  P    ». Cq q   ví  bz í,       qq b,    q  b     E  1936,  q  Nv E    z           — — í—        R. C   í ,  é  F b v   


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madrid es una isla

v b, v  b úb  z    B  Eñ,    í    bv  I P q á  hbí    qí b. C       ,  Nv E q    b v      q ,  ,  x  , z  statu quo bancario     b  v      Eñ z    ,   í    E. L z í       z   b   é —   b    é  v—   ú     v ,   q  1948  b   ñí é b   v      í,   q b              xv   qí —b —b   z —,   b        bq v,  hb  z   v v  . D   ú,  1975  U Exv Rí T   ú  v    é    v     í. L b      v    1917  1948      z b    ñ. E 1917   x     x í         (,   ),  ú í      v. L ñz        hz          ,      v   v  b  vh            ,    v ñ, q    qb  h  . L b, bé ñz   í, b     v q   E   b           b  ,  í q b      qí.


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4 7 A 9 L 1 C I A O

N R R E Ó T U F N D E E R L C E E . B T B I A N A C I R E D M A 8 A 4 - D I 9 O 1 C A I N C I A R T N P S I C E E Ó F F E H . L E N L A E E Í E R T C D

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N Ó O I L T E I C D C D S U É R A R C T Z S R N E E D U O L O F O C R O . N P Y E Ñ A A S L S U S P E A A O O D P S . V P I S G R R M C H A E E A I B E . . R E B I C B O S N B A , C N I L S E O I A G D R T N S Ú I L C A A R M A Z E R E E T R T E O D D E D E A A A W A T A A U - R N D A M Y C I N O F N Z P A A N Y O I - O P A C O Ñ Y N I A A R Ó C L & M N S I S R I I . . E T A R F O O R R R T P E C C H C A E U . E C R H S G C L N E R T E Ñ . C . Í A E M L A G I . I B S I E E F F F F C A E B L B R E A M P T

7 1 E 9 T A 1 -

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S A G P A C N A M L . A C T C . A F C F

A C I O R N T A C É P I L S E H . . U B

A O Y A A B C L I I Z B V . . B B

S E C R U E L G A N D Á N T A . . C C C . C . F F F F

A S O N E F

A C I R T C A É Ñ L E E L N I R Ó I D N A U M N Ó I C C U R T S N O C . P S L E . A C V A O S N

A E C I L D A E G V A D R L C S Ú E I L A U R A Z T H T R - C E E A É U M A R L F F E A Y Y A A Ñ O Y Z Í U A R S . G L R R O O C A E A G R C R E T N . E I B F N A I Ñ E R E F E C M P

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R E D N A T N A S . B

A Y A C Z I V . B

S O N R O H S O T L A

L L A A N N O O I I O S L C O C A A E A V T R I N S N O E A S L O A A S S E N L E C O R Á P R V A X P Z E P L B M A . M A A E B U E C T

4 : S 0 : O S E 6 D L : A 7 I / I S O V : R S R A R R P 3 T A C A E I S L L C R I S S : O O A T O T N R A R C I C A D R É M N R I T S E L U A T H E F E S B O

A C I T N Á L T A S A R T

1 : S 5 : O S D E 3 A L : 5 I / I S O V : R S R A R R P 6 C T O E I L A S : A A C R I S O S B T O T N A L I A R C I C N B T R É M R . S E L A T B E F E U S B O

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S E L 6 O : S 0 O Ñ Í : O A S R P D E S S 6 A L : E 7 I / O I S : R S O V V I S R A R R O S E A C T P R I O S 1 E L C R S : I L A S O P O L O T N T I A R C I C A X T L E N T T R É M N R . I S S E L A T U T A E F E U S B O

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E A T R S E E R A O S . A P C C M C U . A F Z C F A N Ó I A C E C N U Á R R T R S E N T I O D C E S . O P L M S C S E A . A N B C V A A O A R T S N T

0 : S 7 : O S D E 4 A L : 2 I / I : R S O V S O E R A R R P 7 T N L A C I S : A A C R I S S O P O T N T S I A R C I C A H T R É M N R . S E L A T B E F E U S B O

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L    b    é          í- q hbí     b —      b Uq— , á,   á     í í     ,   q  h         E     á,  q í vb   b  q v é   q   v b  ,    h      b ñ   q      é  í  1948, bá   q í é  1975. E 1974    v   ñ   úb,     b  é  . L  ,   v,  b  é,  x z     ñ h  í   q í  q b     í, b       í ñ , b ,     x   í  E ñ. E    ñ —v, —v,  á b ,   b  é— b     b   v í  E,  á,  z  v  q       ñ    q   E. E      q   ñ      estratégica ,    qb           b —     —,        ñ,   ú   q   ñ  h   á  é     . Aí,    b,  BBVA  B S, q         b v, v q ,    h ,   v  M-


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madrid es una isla

     b    b ñ q       1977-1985. M,    é,  b  q M  E  v  B      b í-    é   i. P ,     h         ñ, q ví  2009 áb, ú     C E,     b         E   27. L      h  M Mí —   A   B Eñ—    vz. A  q , Mí   á  b  b ñ    B  Eñ — —  v   b,   q é  bb  1992  2000— q  C E,   b  2011  b  O EHA/2899,        v b q,    í,   b q í    b      ,    b         B  Eñ, h ví á    b ñ, q  2004  2012 h   2,6      . L          b       v  E q,  vz    v   b         é    (  úb), v     í       —  éé   v  E,  v       M—    b       xv . C   ,          q     ñ     ñí  v  b, , ,   bb  é  ,  q         q í  . A  q h  h xb b,  b,   -


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  b    é q — —  — á  hh,    é     q  í     b      á  . E  ,   úb         M x   b     C M q    í         q        G Bk —q —q   x   ñ  b  Ez A, R R—,      E Ríz-P  S —b   E  H  2001     R,    C F F   C M      q    Bk            Bk  2011—  q í             x,        é   úb   v  q    é  ,  x h  v,   h,  b b   ú  z        q     ,  v,   , h h  ,     x            í   . L    v   úb  v         ,      b —q —q           —      b      b,  b, z  1972 h 1988    é x   ñí v q   b úb ñ         b,  q  1996 hbí   E ñ        v. G     b, q     é    ñí  v ,   é     -


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madrid es una isla

bz   v é  h,  1997,   v   desajuste de tarifa ú    E b    é    (  é ), q í        ,  q    q       . D  ,  b       v     bz   v b     ,  í   bv             í vb. P  ,    E,     - v       M   ú           í,        í-      í,  q q          í ,         q    . Aí,     é    í    é é  q     é  é     ,           í   UE q z   í ñ     é — —   í    PIB  Eñ    30%    —   b        v. A   b bé     q   2003 v 6,5 -k  í  hb  ñ,    v   UE  F     é    á. B    xv     b          ñ  h  M   é  Eñ,        í        M, v h       q  — á ú q    iii—        ,  q k   . E ñ      


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        í  h hh  v   é. E 1986  2006 Eñ v            z     ,        b   UE   í —          —    bv. C ,  ñí  ñ,      b    í, bv  b         q      — —      v—        í-   b   é. T  ñ  x b          8,8%  PIB, q        k úb  ,      ,      IBEX 35   B  M, b           . E 2012    —á —á   q  2007,     b—, bb    z bá    . P  v   í ñ v     ,    2012   b,  é        q   ú   ñ í ví  55%   z   34   z  IBEX 35    Eñ. S ñ        T  R z       z  IBEX 35,           q        b x,    vz í    M      , b     í      Bb  B. E ,   25%        ví h   á  ,     -


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madrid es una isla

   B  M Eñ  M,   M  Eí    b úb; IAG  A,      Ib; M, q x   v (    q  v í            í    );       , q  b   vz v z  é   E, á ví   ñí vz   INI,     é    v   é q,   q     IBEX 35 —DIA, G  Ix—      í          . N.º empresas N.º en Madrid empresas

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1 1 1

Sector/empresa

A/DIA B C   Eí P/R Fz I Fé/G Tí/T T é/ IAG (Ib) T/A (Ib) TV/M Tx/Ix

Capitalización Porcentaje mill. euros del IBEX 35

2.591 9 6 .1 0 8

0,8% 30,1%

2 6 .4 8 1 5 1 .8 8 7 1 5 .7 6 1

8,3% 1 6 ,3 % 4 ,9 %

6 .4 2 3 6.411 4.580 46.443

2 ,0 % 2 ,0 % 1 ,4 % 1 4 ,6 %

3.629

1,1%

7.235 1 .5 2 6 5 0 .1 2 2

2,3% 0,5% 15,7%

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S   h   v b         v  E    ,   x   bá      ñ   ú    v       ñ  z   b   úb    q z   í ñ. S b  C  M   2011  17,6%  PIB ñ    ,      M b  48%   z   B ñ,  q          . S ñ    ñí  B S   BBVA, q  q  v       b ñ   M   v,    v  68%. E q ,  q  í   q,         Eñ,      ñ    M  h     2009 (vé x 13). L í     ñ   E — á      ñ—           v   z       M      q   b   E ñ. D q z    ,   z    M h ,            ,     50% á  z bá q       Eñ. E ú é,                 ñ      b  E ,  ,         E. S  ,     z       ,  q h h       ñ   IBEX 35    IGBM    v   R  T,      z        E , z     . Y    q       ñ    b ,  ú 


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146

madrid es una isla

 v  b     q   í ñ (vé x 14). L q í h v             b      z  1920. A qb   q b           2007,           B,  E ñ   ,  b    x   q         . P     E    v    z,   vz á     q   h  í ñ. Cz bá       M b      z Cz bá       M (*BBVA + B. S) b   Capitalización bursátil a junio de 2012

Db  z  b  2008 (x > 2) A (2 > x > 1) D (0,5 < x < 1) Dv      (x < 0,5)

Jun. 2012

Dic. 2008

43%

5 1%

65%

7 3%

N.º de empresas N.º de empresas con sede con sede en Madrid no madrileña

1

4

7

12

19 23

15 21

D    v í,  z bá     ñ á         ,          


24/01/2013 17:11:53


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 v. L    b   b    é  z —q —q     —,    x         éx     . L  vb      ñ        ,   b  ,   v    ,     q      ,   , v  éx  q ú  v ú  . F   v,        ,      E    í  ,   b   (     ),  q      í     q z, h     z   í. D  ú é    z   í ñ  ,  ,        ñ   v    v  ,     í    áb   x í       E     Hé  E. S b,         -   E    ñ  h  . Sú  Estadísticas históricas de España: siglos xix y xx , b    F BBVA,  v         B  M   ñ 2000 (  IBEX 35     v  )    q   1940,      17.000% (í,  )     ——  b         —      v . P    ,   hh  x     í   í  ñ,   q       í   ñ,   , q ú     b-     M   E.


24/01/2013 17:11:53

Madrid Es Una Isla

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