CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL NEGOCIO
ALFREDO CARDENAS ARBELAEZ ARBELAEZ
SENA TECNOLOGÍA EN GESTION LOGÍSTICA MANIZALES MARZO 2017
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL NEGOCIO
ALFREDO CARDENAS ARBELAEZ
TUTOR: ARQUIMEDES MANTILLA ACOSTA INSTRUCTOR LIDER DE GESTION LOGISTICA
SENA TECNOLOGÍA EN GESTION LOGÍSTICA MANIZALES MARZO 2017
INTRODUCCION
El merc!" # l $e%e&rc'(% !el merc!" ")*e&'+" %", lle+ re+',r ,' $l'c l"cl- '%&er%c'"%l " .l")l l re! !e !',&r')/c'(% # /e ,e !e)e c"%"cer l", )l"/e, ec"%(m'c", .l")le,- l", m"!el", '%&er%c'"%le, !e !',&r')/c'(% # l", ,',&em, !e !',&r')/c'(% e,$ec'c", c"m" cr",!"c3'%. ,',&em, !e,!e lmce%m'e%&"- !e,!e el $r"+ee!"r !'rec&me%&e4
A!'c'"%lme%&e e,&, +r')le, ,e !e)e c"%"cer c"m" el e%&"r%" ec"%(m'c"l", '%!'c!"re,- l", merc!", emer.e%&e, # !em5, c&"re, /e !e&erm'%% el c"m$"r&m'e%&" !e l, ec"%"m, el c(m" "$er% l", .e%&e, !e cr. '%&er%c'"%l - l", .e%&e, !e !/%, %'+el m/%!'l - l", &r%,$"r&!"re, l"cle, # m/%!'le, - l", "$er!"re, !e &r%,$"r&e m/l&'m"!l - l", ce%&r", !e c"%,"l'!c'(% !e cr. # l, $l&"rm, # c"m" e% c! /%" !e ell", '%&erc&6% l", em)l*e, !e e$"r&c'(% $r e+'&r l", r'e,.", !e l, cr.4
LA CADENA DE SUMINISTROS COMO BASE DEL DESARROLLO EMPRESARIAL
E% l", 6l&'m", 8",- l c!e% !e ,/m'%',&r", ,e 9 c"%+er&'!" e% /%" !e l", $r'%c'$le, "c", !e &e%c'(% !e em$re,r'",- '%+er,'"%',&, # /%'+er,'!!e, &"!" e,&" $"r el 'm$c&" &%&" %e.&'+" c"m" $",'&'+" /e 9 &e%'!" e% em$re,, lre!e!"r !el m/%!"- e+'!e%c' !e e,&"- c"m$8, /e 9% l".r!" ,/ ;'&" .rc', l !m'%',&rc'(% !ec/! !e l c!e% c"m" el Gr/$" I%!'&e4 C"m" $r'mer $,"- ,e !e)e e%&e%!er l c!e% c"m" /% &"!"- e, !ec'r- /e c! cc'(% /e ,e 9. " ,e !e*e !e 9cer ec&r5 c! /% !e l, $r&e, /e l c"m$"%e%4 ?r G&&"r% =200@> l c!e% !e ,/m'%',&r", c"%,',&e e% l c"m)'%c'(% !e /%c'"%e,- $r"ce,", # c&'+'!!e,- /e &'e%e% c"m" '%l'!! m"+er l", $r"!/c&", # ,er+'c'" &%&" !e%&r" c"m" /er !e l em$re,- e, !ec'r .e%err /% m"+'m'e%&" !e,!e el $r"!/c&"r "r'.'%l 9,& el c"%,/m'!"r '%l4 ?r C9"$r # Me'%!l =2007> el '% 6l&'m" !e e,&", $r"ce,", e, l ,&',cc'(% !e l, %ece,'!!e, !el cl'e%&e $"r me!'" !e /% ,er+'c'" !e cl'!!4 Se e%&e%!er5 c! /%c'(% " $r"ce,"- c"m" /% e,l)(% !e l c!e%- !"%!e &"!", ,e e%c"%&rr% '%&errelc'"%!", e '%&e.r!", )rc%!" c&'+'!!e, c"m"- l !/','c'(% !e ,/m'%',&r",- ,elecc'(% !e $r"+ee!"re,- $r"ce,", !e $r"!/cc'(%m%/c&/r # e%,m)le- c%le, !e !',&r')/c'(% # ,er+'c'" l cl'e%&e c"%+'r&'e%!" l em$re, e% /% ,',&em !e ,'%er.',- /e c"% l !ec/! c"l)"rc'(% # !m'%',&rc'(% lle+r% l c"m$8 /% crec'm'e%&" # !e,rr"ll" ,",&e%'!"4 ?r C9"$r # Me'%!l =2007>- l c!e% !e ,/m'%',&r", ,e c"m$"%e )5,'cme%&e $"r e,l)"%e,: Ge,&'(% !e $r"+','"%m'e%&"- Ge,&'(% !e $r"!/cc'(%- Ge,&'(% !e '%+e%&r'",- Ge,&'(% !e !',&r')/c'(% # Ge,&'(% !el ,er+'c'" l cl'e%&e- .e%er%!" /% c!e% !e $r"ce,", c"m" ,e m/e,&r e% l .r5'c 1414
Im$"r&%c' !e l c!e% !e ,/m'%',&r", e% el $r"ce," !e '%&er%c'"%l'c'(%4 L !m'%',&rc'(% !e l c!e% !e ,/m'%',&r",- ,e c"%+'er&e e% $/%&" cl+e $r /e /% c"m$8 $/e! rel'r $r"ce,", !e '%&er%c'"%l'c'(% e'&",", ,' ,e c/e%& c"% /% ),e ,(l'! e% &"!", l", e,l)"%e,- el 'm$c&" /e c/,r% l", cm)'", e% l", merc!", e&er%", ,er5% me%", &r/m5&'c", $r el !e,rr"ll" !e l, c&'+'!!e,4 U% c!e% !e ,/m'%',&r", /e $",e /% l&" %'+el !e !e,rr"ll" ,er5 le')le # c"%&r c"% $r"ce,", e,&%!r'!", /e ,e $/e!% !$&r !e m%er r5$'! # e'c l, ,'&/c'"%e, !e %/e+", merc!", =Elm, # L"- 201> PROCESO LOGÍSTICO
L", +%ce, e% l".,&'c '%&er%c'"%l '%'c'r"% l '%l !e l Se./%! G/err m/%!'l c/%!" ,e !'er"% cm)'", e% l $"l&'c !e l", $,e, # e+"l/c'"%e, le.',l&'+, /e $r"$'c'r"% l Gl")l'c'(% !e l", merc!", # ,/, em$re,,c"%&r')/#e%!" c"% el re!',e8" !e e,&r&e.', !e )r'cc'(% # !',&r')/c'(% c"merc'l- c"% l '%l'!! !e )/,cr %/e+, l&er%&'+, m5, e'c'e%&e, c/#" re,/l&!" ,e l e%&re. !e /% )'e% " ,er+'c'" l cl'e%&e4
?r l".rr ,/, ")*e&'+",- l, em$re,, '%'c'r"% $"%er e% $r5c&'c c&'+'!!e, !e l& # me!'% e,$ec'l'c'(% /e ,e '%&errelc'"%% e%&re ,'%'c'%!" c"% l '%&er%c'"%l'c'(% !el ./,&" # l %ece,'!! !e re!/c'r l",
&'em$", !e e%&re.- l" /e c"%lle+( l '%creme%&" !e l, e'.e%c', !e l", cl'e%&e, $"r l ,&/rc'(% !e "er&, # l l')erc'(% !e l", merc!",- c"m" eec&" !e l Gl")l'c'(% !e l e&r%*er- /e &r*" c"%,'." l e+"l/c'(% # el '%creme%&" !e l &ec%"l".- $erm'&'e%!" l e,$ec'l'c'(% !e em$re,, $r"+ee!"r, !e $r"!/c&", # ,er+'c'",- /e !'er"% c"m" re,/l&!" el '%creme%&" !e l, +e%&, !'rec&, # /% mr3e&'%. m5, "r'e%&!" l cl'e%&e4
E% $"c, $l)r, $/,'er"% e% $r5c&'c l l".,&'c- l".r%!" c"m" re,/l&!" re!/c'r l", c",&", !e l !',&r')/c'(% ,'c- /me%&%!" el ,er+'c'"- &%&" l cl'e%&e c"m" l", '%+"l/cr!", l '%creme%&r l cl'!! !e l '%"rmc'(% # l e,$ec'l'c'(% !e l", rec/r,",- $r re!/c'r l '%+er,'(% ec"%(m'c l m%&e%er ,/ m%'m e$re,'(% l", '%+e%&r'", # le')'l'r l", c",&", 9c';%!"l", +r')le,- $er" l" m5, 'm$"r&%&e ,e ,e./r( el c/m$l'm'e%&" !e e%&re. /,&" T'em$"4
?r l".rr &"!" e,&" l $l'cr el $r"ce," l".,&'c"- e, 'm$"r&%&e $"%er e% $r5c&'c- &%&" l", ,er+'c'",- c"m" l", eleme%&", ,/,&%&'+", /e l" c"%"rm%4 De%&r" !e l", ,er+'c'", $/e!e me%c'"%r,e:
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E&'/e&!": $/e!e ,er e&'/e&!" c"merc'l- !e c/'!!", # ,e8l'c'(% " )'e% e&'/e&!" $r 'm$"r&c'(% /e '%cl/#% c(!'.",- $, !e "r'.e%c%&'!! # $e,"4 Em$/e # em)l*e: !e)e "recer l ,e./r'!! !e e%&re. !el $r"!/c&" c"m$le&" # e% )/e%, c"%!'c'"%e,- ,'% '%creme%&r l", c",&",4 Tr%,$"r&c'(% lr. !',&%c': !e)e !ec'!'r,e el me!'" !e &r%,$"r&e /e )r'%!e $rec','(% e% l e%&re. ,")re ec9, ec&,- &"m%!" e% c"%,'!erc'(% el &r5m'&e !/%l4 Re$r&" " &r%,$"r&c'(% c"r& !',&%c': c"%,'!err l e%&re. $r"%&&"m%!" e% c/e%& &'em$", !e e%&re. # c%&'!!e, ,'% "l+'!r el &rm'&e !/%l /e c"%lle+4 D',&r')/c'(% # lmce%*e: c"%,',&e% e% ce%&r", !e !',&r')/c'(% !"%!e ,e $re$r% l, merc%c, +er''c%!" c%&'!!e,- cl,''cc'(% r%celr'c(!'.",- $e,",- # !em5,- $r lmce%r,e e% e,&%&er,- ,' /er %ece,r'"-
" )'e% ,er !',&r')/'!" 9c' ,/ !e,&'%" '%l- re)*%!" /&"m5&'cme%&e l", '%+e%&r'",4 •
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M%'")r # e,&'): c"%,',&e e% c"m"!r l, merc%c, !e l me*"r m%er- $r "$&'m'r ,/ m%e*" # m'%'m'r r'e,.",4 De,<!/%m'e%&": !e)e $re$rr,e l, merc%c, $r ,/ re+','(% !/%l- !e,!e l "rm !e e,&')r l merc%c # ,/ e&'/e&!"- 9,& $re,e%&r !"c/me%&c'(% $rec', # ec&- '% !e e+'&r !em"r, # c"%&r&'em$", '%%ece,r'",4
APLICACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE LOGÍSTICA INTERNACIONAL
C/%!" ,e $l'c c"%cre&me%&e el $r"ce," !e L".,&'c I%&er%c'"%l- ,e $"%e e% $r5c&'c &"!" /% S',&em I%&e.rl /e $erm'&e lc%r l e'c'e%c' ),"l/& /e 'm$l'c% m%e*" !e '%"rmc'(% # c"%"c'm'e%&" ,")re !',&r')/c'(% !"%!e el ,$ec&" m5, 'm$"r&%&e e, l %ece,'!! !e l", cl'e%&e, !e rec')'r ,/, $e!'!", e% l ec9 e,&'$/l!- e+'&%!" '%+e%&r'", # re!/c'e%!" c",&",- ,'% !e&e%er l $r"!/cc'(% %' l c"merc'l'c'(% # /e ,'em$re .%e el c"%,/m'!"r '%l l rel'r l e%&re. !e l", $e!'!", */,&" &'em$" !el cl'e%&e- e+'&%!" &'em$",c",&", # r'e,.", '%%ece,r'",4
E% l c&/l'!! # %" e, %ece,r'" c"%ce%&rr,e e% ")&e%er /% $r"!/c&" !e cl'!! e% /% &'em$" !e&erm'%!"- ,'%" l "rm !e 9cerl" lle.r l c"%,/m'!"r '%l e% el &'em$" /e el cl'e%&e l" re/'ere- l".r%!" ,er m5, c"m$e&'&'+"- $r l" /e ,e re/'ere ,e./'r l", ,'./'e%&e, $,", !el $r"ce," !e l".,&'c '%&er%c'"%l4
?r'mer"- !e)e '!e%&''cr,e l, %ece,'!!e, !e c"%,/m" e% +"l/me% # &'em$"$r %" $r"!/c'r m5, !e l" /e ,e +# c"%,/m'r %' $r"!/c'r %&e, !e /e ,e c"%,/m- , ,e $r"!/c'r5 6%'cme%&e l" /e ,e +e%!e- l".r%!" ,&',cer l, %ece,'!!e, !e l", cl'e%&e,- c"%,'!er%!" el +"l/me% !e ,/, re/er'm'e%&",
$"r (r!e%e, !e $e!'!"- $/!'e%!" $l%er l, "r!e%e, ,e.6% l, c",&/m)re, !e l", cl'e%&e,4
Se./%!"- '!e%&''cr m;&"!", $r lmce%r l, merc%c,- /e ,e e,$er e,&r5 $"c" &'em$" ./r!!"- "c/$%!" 6%'cme%&e l $",'c'(% !e !e,cr."/e ,er5 l m',m $",'c'(% !e l /e ,er5% !e,$c9!,- c/'!%!" !e %" "c/$r $",'c'"%e, !e r'e,." $"r m%e*"- cr. # !e,cr.4
Tercer"- '!e%&''cr el m"me%&" */,&" e% /e !e)e% e&'/e&r,e- em$cr,e # em)lr,e l, merc%c, '% !e c/m$l'r c"% l, %"rm&'+, c"merc'le, # !/%le, %'+el m/%!'l- /e e'.e% mrc, " '%"rmc'(% c"merc'l e,$ec'c- ,'% cer e% !")le, m%'")r,- &r,", # .,&", '%%ece,r'",4
C/r&"- '!e%&''cr me!'", !e &r%,$"r&e /e #/!e% re!/c'r m%e*", !e cr. # !e,cr.- # /e c"%"c% l, me*"re, "rm, !e e,&')r merc%c, $r %" !''c/l&r l cr. # !e,cr. '%&er%c'"%lme%&e- ,"l'c'&/! !/%er4 Q/'%&"- /)'cr $/%&", !e re!',&r')/c'(% !e l, merc%c,- '% !e %" 9cer +'*r m5, !e l" %ece,r'" l, merc%c, !e l", cl'e%&e,4
Se&"- &"mr e% c/e%& el &'$" !e !"c/me%&c'(% /e ,e re/er'r5 # ,e !/%l- ',cl " c"merc'l- '% !e e+'&r re&r,", '%%ece,r'", # c",&",4 D'c9 !"c/me%&c'(% '%cl/#e l", &ec%'c',m", !el &r%,$"r&e # ,e./r",- , c"m" l !"c/me%&c'(% le.l " !e !e,<!/%m'e%&"4
S;$&'m"- &"mr e% c/e%& l", c",&", !e m%e*" # lmce%*e e% l, !/%,/e $"r l" .e%erl ,"% .,&", '%%ece,r'", /e $/e!e% e+'&r,e $re$r%!" c"% %&elc'(% !e m%er c"rrec& l !"c/me%&c'(% !/%l # l merc%c !e m%er /e c/m$l c"% l", re/','&", le.le, !e em)l*e # e&'/e&!"4
Oc&+"- c"%&r c"% /% ,',&em !e c(m$/&" /e $r"+e '%"rmc'(%c"m/%'cc'(% # c"%&r"l!e e,& m%er m%e*r l",
$e!'!",- !"c/me%&", !/%le,- m"%'&"rer r/&,- ,&&/, e% lmc;% # $re+er c"%&'%.e%c', $r .e%err ,"l/c'"%e, '%me!'&,4
N"+e%"- '%&e.rr e% el $r"ce," !e l".,&'c '%&er%c'"%l l", $r&'c'$%&e, !e l, c!e%, $r"!/c&'+, # c"merc'le, c"% l '%l'!! !e ,"l/c'"%r $r")lem, e 'm$leme%&r cm)'",- # /e l, !ec','"%e, !e l l".,&'c '%&er%c'"%l ec&% &"!", $r l".rr l", cm)'", /e l e'c'e%c' e'.e- c"m" ,e 'l/,&r c"%&'%/c'(%4
Grafica No. 2 Cadena Productiva y Comercial
Grafica No. 3 Proceso de Logística Internacional
CONCLUSIONES
L &r)'l'!! e, /% c"%*/%&" !e cc'"%e,- me!'!, # $r"ce!'m'e%&", &;c%'c", /e $erm'&e '!e%&''cr # re.',&rr c! $r"!/c&" !e,!e ,/ %c'm'e%&" 9,& el '%l !e l c!e% !e c"merc'l'c'(% El c"merc'" '%&er%c'"%l 9 '!" &r,ce%!'e%!" # m"!er%'5%!",e l" lr." !e l 9',&"r'- 9,& lle.r l c&/l'!! c/%!" l" m5, 'm$"r&%&e e, el &'em$" !e e%&re. !el )'e% !/'r'!"- l %ece,'!! !el c"%,/m'!"r !e ")&e%er ,/ $r"!/c&" e% el &'em$" /e ;l l" %ece,'&- # c"% &l !e c/m$l'r l, %ece,'!!e, !el cl'e%&e l", $r"+ee!"re, 9ce% l" 'm$",')le $"r ,/$l'r e, %ece,'!!- " !e l" c"%&rr'" $/e!e% $er!er e, +e%& $r ,'em$re4
WEBGRAFIA
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