B@ EBTUVWGL EJ EFHBDBU EB JUUFNQBLNF DLN BSFWJUUBXBUÃ Jttfntbln efdbt mypfrjdtbvbty ebslrefr (JEME) @jurj Sfruzzb, Kjrbj Ibu`bj Ulrrbl`b Ulrrbl`b
EFHBNBQBLNF
Ebsturgl tbpbdl ef``‒ftã pfebjtrbdj djrjttfrbzzjtl ej efdbt eb jttfnzblnf f ebhdl`tã nf` dlntrl``jrf b` prlprbl bkpu`sl je jibrf (bkpu`sbvbtã) f nf` rfil`jrf b` `bvf``l ef``j prlprbj jttbvbtã kltlrbj (bpfrjttbvbtã). B` ebsturgl dlkprlkfttf tuttb i`b jspfttb ef``l svb`uppl ef` gjkgbnl f `l prfebsplnf je j`trj pjtl`libj psbdmbjtrbdj f/l j ebsjibl sldbj`f jndmf nf``f suddfssbvf ftã ef``j vbtj. BNDBEFNQJ
B` ebsturgl í prfsfntf bn tuttf `f njzblnb f bn tuttf `f du`turf1 du`tur f1 dl`pbsdf dbrdj b` 5% ef``j plpl`jzblnf bnhjntb`f, dln un rjpplrtl kjsdmbl-hfkkbnf dmf vj ej 51: j 21:. FQBLSJULIFNFTB F HBTBLSJUL@LIBJ
Fzblpjtlifnfsb @f djusf slnl ku`tbp`f, ifnftbdmf f jkgbfntj`b. HJUULWB IFNFUBDB
B` ebsturgl tfnef je fssfrf prfsfntf bn ebvfrsb kfkgrb eb unj stfssj hjkbi`bj (hjttlrf eb frfebtjgb`btã supfrblrf j` 96%). HJUULWB JKGB JKGBFNUJ@B FNUJ@B
Dlkf pfr j`trb ebsturgb psbdmbjtrbdb í vfrlsbkb`f dmf b hjttlrb ifnftbdb eftfrkbnbnl `j prfebsplsbzblnf pfr b` ebsturgl, kfntrf `‒jttbvjzblnf eb tj`f prfebsplsbzblnf í kleu`jtj ej hjttlrb h jttlrb ‐jkgbfntj`b‛. B hjttlrb dmf prfebsplnilnl j``‒j`tl rbsdmbl eb JEME slnl1 sbnerlkb ifnftbdmf (bn pjrtbdl`jrf sbnerlkf ef``‒] Hrjib`f), dlkp`bdjzblnb kfebdmf
l jndmf psbdl`libdmf ef``j kjerf (pfr fs. f`fvjtl `bvf``l eb jnsbj ef``j kjerf), hukl eb sbijrfttj f jgusl eb j`dl` bn irjvbejnzj, dlnebzblnb sldblfdlnlkbdmf ebsjibjtf, njsdbtj prftfrkbnf, gjssl pfsl j``j njsdbtj, gjssl bnebdf eb Jpijr, rbtjrel eb svb`uppl kltlrbl f `bniubstbdl, prlg`fkb eb sj`utf nfb prbkb jnnb eb vbtj ef` gjkgbnl, sdjrsl jddrfsdbkfntl stjturl plnefrj`f, fsplsbzblnf fsplsbzblnf j` pblkgl. Jndmf `‒jkgbfntf, bntfsl dlkf ‐hjkbi`bj, ‐hjkbi`b j, sdul`j, fdd‛, mj un rul`l hlnejkfntj`f nf` eftfrkbnjrf `j dlkpjrsj l kfnl ef` ebsjibl1 un jkgbfntf pjrtbdl`jrkfntf hjvlrfvl`f, pu÷ bnbgbrf f dlntfnfrf `j sbntlkjtl`libj, kfntrf un jkgbfntf shjvlrfvl`f, pu÷ hjdb`btjrf b` kjnbhfstjrsb ef``f djrjttfrbstbdmf djrjttfrb stbdmf dlkplrtjkfntj`b ibã ebsturgjntb, ebsturgjnt b, eftfrkbnjnel un vfrl f prlprbl ebsjibl. J@UWF BSLUFTB
Nln í ebklstrjtl dmf `f ebftf f `f j``fribf j`bkfntjrb jggbjnl un rul`l djusj`f nf``j ifnfsb ef` ebsturgl.
Hbsblpjtl`libj Nfb sliifttb jhhfttb, jhhfttb, sf dlnhrlntjtb dln iruppb iruppb eb dlntrl``l, sb rb`fvjnl1 rb`fvjnl1 :) spfdbdmf vjrbjntb eb ifnb dmf dlebdjnl pfr b` trjsplrtjtlrf ef``j elpjkbnj f pfr b` rfdfttlrf E5 pfr `j elpjkbnj (EWE5), dmf hunzblnjnl bn klel qujntbtjtbvjkfn qujntbtjtbvjkfntf tf ebhhfrfntf? 7) j`tfrjzblnb jnjtlkbdmf f hunzblnj`b eb jrff dfrfgrj`b dlbnvl`tf nfb prldfssb jttfntbvb f nf` dlntrl``l dlntrl``l ef` dlkplrtjkfntl1 dlkplrtjkfntl1 rbeuzblnf eb vl`ukf vl`ukf eb dbrdj b` 4-5% j `bvf``l ef``j ef``j dlrtfddbj hrlntj`f, efb nud`fb ef``j gjsf (nud`fl djuejtl f i`lgl pj``bel) f ef` dfrvf``fttl? ebkbnuzblnf eb ussl fkjtbdl f/l dlnsukl eb lssbifnl nfb nud`fb ef``j gjsf f ef``j ef``j dlrtfddbj prfhrlntj`f eurjntf tfst dmf dmf vj`utjnl vj`utjnl `j djpjdbtã djpjdbtã eb bnbgbrf un dlkplrtjkfntl dlkplrtjkfntl.. §
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DJWJUUFWBTUBDMF DJWJ UUFWBTUBDMF D@BNBDMF
Tbntlkb Ebsjttfnzblnf 1 b` gjkgbnl spfssl mj ebhdl`tã j dlndfntrjrsb dlnd fntrjrsb f j kjntfnf-
rf `‒jttfnzblnf su dlkpbtb sdl`jstbdb l su jttbvbtã eb ibldl1 spfssl sb `jsdbj hjdb`kfntf ebstrjrrf ej stbkl`b fstrjnfb (lddjsblnj`b ruklrb, dlkpjinb), mj ebhdl`tã j prfstjrf jttfnzblnf jb pjrtbdl`jrb f dlkpbf kl`tb frrlrb eb ebstrjzblnf slprjttuttl bn tuttf quf``f jttbvbtã dmf rbdmbfelnl unl shlrzl kfntj`f prltrjttl nf` tfkpl. Bpfrjttbvbtã1 b` gjkgbnl í sfkprf bn klvbkfntl, pjssj rjpbejkfntf ej un‒jttbvbtã je un‒j`trj (ibldl, dlkpbtb), mj ebhdl`tã j rbkjnfrf sfeutl, j
ibldjrf fe j efebdjrsb je jttbvbtã pbjdfvl`b bn klel trjnqub``l (ebsfinl, dlstruzblnb, puzz`f, ibldmb ej tjvl`l). Bkpu`sbvbtã1 í spfssl jssldbjtj j``‒bpfrjttbvbtã f sb kjnbhfstj dln ebhdl`tã j rbspfttjrf `f rfil`f f je jttfnefrf b` prlprbl turnl (nf` ibldl l bn j`trf jttbvbtã). Wbsplnef spfssl prfdbpbtlsjkfntf j``f elkjnef prbkj dmf qufstf vfnilnl dlkp`ftjtf, eb hrfqufntf tfnef je fssfrf bnvjefntf nfb dlnhrlntb sbj efb dlftjnfb dmf efi`b jeu`tb jeu` tb (nln stj kjb zbttl, sb bntrlkfttf nf``f dlnvfrsjzblnb) f pu÷ jibrf `‒jiirfssbvbtã nfb dlnhrlntb efb dlftjnfb, dlftjnf b, kj pbò spfssl í ‐jppbddbdlsl‛. B` gjkgbnl dln JEME bndlrrf, spfssl, bn bndbefntb ebvfrsb j sfdlnej ef``‒ftã (pfr fs.1 bndbefntb strjej`b bn jel`fsdfnzj). @‒ftã kfebj e‒bnslrifnzj í trj b 4 f 5 jnnb, kj spfssl `j sbntlkjtl`libj ebvfntj fvbefntf j``‒bnirfssl ef``‒ftã sdl`jrf. B sbntlkb sb klebdjnl klebdjnl eurjntf eurjntf `f hjsb ef``j drfsdbtj ef` gjkgbnl1 gjkgbnl1 nf``‒ftã nf``‒ftã prfs pr fsdl dl`j `jrf rf í hr hrfq fquf ufnt ntff `‒ `‒bp bpfr frjt jttb tbvb vbtã tã kl kltl tlrb rbjj (d (dlr lrrf rfrf rf,, jr jrrj rjkp kpbd bdjr jrsb sb,, sj sj`t `tjr jrf) f) dln ebsturgb ef` slnnl f sdlppb e‒brj? nf``‒ftã sdl`jrf ebvfntjnl fvbefntb b efdbt eb jttfnzblnf, `f ebhdl`tã sdl`jstbdmf f b prlg`fkb dlkplrtjkfntj`b, dlnsfiufnzj spfssl efb prlg`fkb psbdl`libdb `fijtb j``‒JEME (gjssj jutlstbkj, trjttb efprfssbvb, jttfiibjkfntb lpplsbtbvb)? nf``‒ftã jel`fsdfnzbj`ff f jeu`tj `‒bpfrjttbvbtã kltlrbj sb kjnbhfstj sfkprf pbò dlkf jel`fsdfnzbj` sfnsl bntfrblrf eb brrfqubftfzzj, `‒bkpu`sbvbtã pu÷ plrtjrf je bnhrjnifrf `f rfil`f hjkb`bjrb, bntfrpfrslnj`b/sdl`jstbdmf f `‒bnjttfnzblnf sb kjnbhfstj dlkf ebhdl`tã je lrijnbzzjrf `f prlprbf jttbvbtã l j dllrebnjrf `f prlprbf jzblnb dln dlnsfiufntb ebhdl`tã sdl`jstbdmf, lddupjzblnj`b f sldbj`b. §
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EBJINLTB
@j ebjinlsb í eb dlkpftfnzj ef` Nfurlpsbdmbjtrj Bnhjntb`f. @j ebjinlsb í d`bnbdj f sb gjsj su1 :) rjddl`tj eb bnhlrkjzblnb hlrnbtf ejb ifnbtlrb fe bnsfinjntb (feudjtlrb) (feudjtlrb) su` dlkplrtjkfntl f hunzblnjkfntl sldbj`f ef` gjkgbnl (dln dl``lqub f qufstblnjrb)? 7) lssfrvjzblnf f dl``lqubl dln b` gjkgbnl gjkgbnl (l sfeutj eb ibldl j sfdlnej `‒ftã)? 4) vj`utjzblnf nfurlspbdl`libdj nfurlspbdl`libdj (dln tfst spfdbdb) fe fsjkf kfebdl. Nln slnl nfdfssjrb nfdfssjrb fsjkb strukfntj`b. @j ebjinlsb vbfnf plstj qujnel1 :) í prfsfntf un kjrdjtl `bvf``l eb ebsjttfnzblnf f/l fddfssbvj bpfrjttbvbtã/ bkpu`sbvbtã? 7) `j `lrl hrfqufnzj f bntfnsbtã í tj`f ej eftfrkbnjrf un bkplrtjntf ebsjibl bn j`kfnl euf dlntfstb (pfr fs.1 j djsj, j sdul`j l bn j`trb
jkgbfntb f sbtujzblnb) f unj dlkprlkbssblnf ef` hunzblnjkfntl sdl`jstbdl f sldbj`f (rf`jzblnf dln b pjrb f jeu`tb, djpjdbtã eb dlnhlrkjrsb j``f rfil`f)? 4) `j sbntlkjtl`libj í prfsfntf ej j`kfnl 8 kfsb fe í dlkpjrsj prbkj efb 9 jnnb. Dlklrgb`btã
Dbrdj b` 93% efb sliifttb jhhfttb mj un ebsturgl jssldbjtl, b pbò hrfqufntb slnl1 ebsturgb ej dlkplrtjkfntl ebrlkpfntf1 e. lpplsbtbvl-prlvldjtlrbl (53-63%)? e. dlnelttj (:3-:6%)? ebsturgb ef``‒jnsbj (43%)? ebsturgl ef``‒uklrf1 ef``‒uklrf1 efprfssblnf (83-=3%), (83-=3%), e. gbpl`jrf (:3%)? (:3%)? ebsturgl lssfssbvl-dlkpu`sbvl lssfssbvl-dlkpu`sbvl (73-43%), (73-43%), Tbnerlkf eb Ulurfttf Ulurfttf (53%), Ubd ku`tbp`b? ebsturgb spfdbdb spfdbdb ef``‒jpprfnebkfntl ef``‒jpprfnebkfntl (53%). Sbò rjrjkfntf, ebsturgb pfrvjsbvb ef``l svb`uppl (bnd`usl `‒jutbskl) f rbtjrel kfntj`f. §
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Ebjinlsb ebhhfrfnzbj`f ebhhfrfnzbj`f dln `f dlnebzblnb eb nlrkj`btã1 :) Ebjinlsb ebhhfrfnzbj`f
b` ebsturgl vj sfkprf ebhhfrfnzbjtl ej``j nlrkj`f vbvjdbtã efb gjkgbnb1 tuttb b gjkgbnb plsslnl prfsfntjrf, bn eftfrkbnjtf sbtujzblnb, unl l pbò efb dlkplrtjkfntb ef``‒JEME (pfr fs., ebstrjrsb f dlkkfttfrf frrlrb eurjntf jttbvbtã prl`unijtf, rbpftbtbvf f nlblsf? fsp`lrjzblnf rjpbej ef``‒jkgbfntf). Tl`l qujnel tj`b dlkplrtjkfntb, pfr `j `lrl hrfqufnzj, slnl djusj eb ebsjibl í plssbgb`f hjrf ebjinlsb eb JEME. ebhhfrfnzbj`f fnzbj`f dln ebsturgb rfjttbv rfjttbvbb j shjvlrfvl`b dlnebzblnb 7) Ebjinlsb ebhhfr jkgbfntj`b1
bn qufstb djsb b sbntlkb nln slnl pfrvjsbvb f sb kjnbhfstjnl sl`l bn eftfrkbnjtb dlntfstb1 — jkgbfntf sdl`jstbdl pldl pldl stbkl`jntf f bnjefiujtl su` pbjnl pbjnl ebejttbdl j``f djpjdbtã ef` gjkgbnl (tj`lrj supfrblrb j``j kfebj). ebhhfrfnzbj`f fnzbj`f dln ebsturgb rfjttbvb je jttfiibjkfntb feudjtbvb 4) Ebjinlsb ebhhfr bndlnirub1
— jkgbfntf hjkb`bjrf trlppl rbibel r bibel l pldl dlntfnbtbvl (pfr fs. jssfnzj eb rfil`f). 5) Ebjinlsb ebhhfrfnzbj`f ebhhfrfnzbj`f dln j`trb ebsturgb psbdlpjtl`libdb1 — eb ebst stur urgl gl lp lppl plsb sbtb tbvl vl-p -prl rlvl vldj djtl tlrb rbll dm dmff sp spfs fssl sl í un unjj dl dlkl klrg rgb` b`bt btãã nf``‒JEME? — ebsturg ebsturgll ef``‒uk ef``‒uklrf, lrf, ef``‒jns ef``‒jnsbj, bj, ef``j pfrsln pfrslnj`btã j`btã f klebd klebdjzblnf jzblnf ef``f pfrslnj`btã pfrslnj` btã elvutj j dlnebzb dlnebzblnf lnf kfebdj ifnfrj`f l dlrrf`jtj j hjrkjdb? — ebsturgl ifnfrj`bzzjtl ifnfrj`bzzjtl ef``l svb`uppl, svb`uppl, ebsturgl psbdltbdl. psbdltbdl.
UWJUUJKFNUL
Vnj ebjinlsb plstj dlrrfttjkfntf í `j gjsf pfr `j sdf`tj ef``‒bntfrvfntl f mj eb pfr sâ unj vj`fnzj tfrjpfutbdj. Bn linb djsl í bnebspfnsjgb`f hlrnbrf j``j hjkbi`bj f j``j sdul`j bnhlrkjzblnb su` ebsturgl (sbntlkb, strjtfibf tfrjpfutbdmf) pfr dlkprfnefrf `f klej`btã eb hunzblnjkfntl ef` gjkgbnl. B` trjttjkfntl bnd`uef `‒bntfrvfntl psbdlfeudjtbvl fe, fvfntuj`kfntf, `j tfrjpbj hjrkjdl`libdj. Bntfrvfntl psbdlfeudjtbvl
Srfvfef unj dlnsu`fnzj sbstfkjtbdj ji`b bnsfinjntb f bndlntrb sfttbkjnj`b dln b ifnbtlrb f dln b` gjkgbnl pfr un pfrblel eb euf-trf kfsb. Xbfnf sfkprf pbjnbdjtl f bnbzbjtl, bn jssldbjzblnf l kfnl j tfrjpbj hjrkjdl`libdj, fe í fhhfttujtl ej tfrjpbstb spfdbdjkfntf hlrkjtb. Ufrjpbj hjrkjdl`libdj
Í bnebdjtl qujnel mjnnl hj``btl i`b j`trb tbpb eb bntfrvfntl l qujnel qufstb nln slnl jssl`utjkfntf jpp`bdjgb`b. @‒bntfrvfntl hjrkjdl`libdl vj sfkprf jhjndjtl j` dlunsf`bni hjkb`bjrf f, sf plssbgb`f, j``‒bntfrvfntl psbdlfeudjtbvl.. psbdlfeudjtbvl I`b psbdlstbkl`jntb slnl `j tfrjpbj pbò nltj fe fhdjdf pfr gjkgbnb, jel`fsdfntb fe jeu`tb dln JEME. I`b psbdlstbkl`jntb jibsdlnl sub trjsplrtjtlrb pfr `f klnljkbnf. B` kftb`hfnbejtl, dmf í `l psbdlstbkl`jntf pbò utb`bzzjtl, kleu`j slprjttuttl `j qujntbtã qujntbtã eb elpjkbnj (f eb nlrjerfnj`bnj), prfsfntf nf``l spjzbl bntfr-sbnjptbdl. Uuttjvbj b` kfddjnbskl nfurlnj`f efi`b stbkl`jntb nln í stjtl jndlrj dlkp`ftjkfntf dmbjrbtl. B` kftb`hfnbejtl (W®) (W®) í gfn jsslrgbtl pfr vbj lrj`f, klstrj b` sul fhhfttl hjrkjdl`libdl elpl dbrdj 43-83 kbnutb, rjiibunif b` pbddl eb dlndfntrjzblnf fe jttbvbtã elpl :-7 lrf f `j suj jttbvbtã tfrjpfutbdj eurj dbrdj 4-6 lrf. B` hjrkjdl vbfnf qubneb sl`btjkfntf slkkbnbstrjtl slkkbnbstrjtl 7-4 vl`tf j` iblrnl dln b` elsjiibl eb :3-83 ki/ebf. Fsbstlnl ef``f prfpjrjzblnb j rb`jsdbl prl`unijtl pjrtbdl`jrkfntf utb`b qujnel bnslrilnl prlg`fkb nf``‒jssunzblnf eb pbò elsb j` iblrnl. I`b fhhfttb dl``jtfrj`b efi`b psbdlstbkl`jntb, f ef` kftb`hfnbejtl bn pjrtbdl`jrf, slnl bn ifnfrf klefstb, hjdb`kfntf ifstbgb`b f nf``j kjiiblr pjrtf efb djsb ebpfnefntb ej``j elsf jssuntj (elsb pbò f`fvjtf prlvldjnl kjiiblrb fhhfttb bnefsbefrjtb). Sbò rfdfntfkfntf vfnilnl utb`bzzjtb hjrkjdb dmf g`lddjnl sf`fttbvjkfntf b` rfuptjof ef``j nlrjerfnj`bnj, b` pbò usjtl í `‒jtlklxftbnj (T®). Hjrkjdb eb sfdlnej sdf`tj1 jntbefprfssbvb, jilnbstb j`hj 7 jerfnfribdb f jilnbstb bnebrfttb.
J`trb bntfrvfntb1 `j psbdltfrjpbj
@j psbdltfrjpbj psbdljnj`btbdj nln trlvj bnebdjzblnf pfr `‒bpfrjttbvbtã, kj pu÷ fssfrf unj pjrtf bkplrtjntf bkplrtjntf ef``j tfrjpbj sf slnl slnl prfsfntb sbntlkb f pjtl`libf psbdmbjtrbdmf psbdmbjtrbdmf bn dlnsfiufnzj dlnsfiufnzj ef``‒JEME. SWLINLTB
Dbrdj b` 63% dlntbnuj j klstrjrf ej jel`fsdfntf f ej jeu`tl sfinb eb bnjttfnzblnf fe bpfrjttbvbtã, tj`vl`tj dln ebhdl`tã sldbj`b fe fklzblnj`b? b` :6%-73% pu÷ kjnbhfstjrf jndmf j`trb ebsturgb psbdlpjtl`libdb1 j`dl`bskl, tlssbdlebpfnefnzj tlssbdlebpfne fnzj f ebsturgl eb pfrslnj`btã jntbsldbj`f. Gbg`blirjhj fssfnzbj`f
- Hf`ekjn MK, Wfbhh KB. D`bnbdj` prjdtbdf. Jttfntbln efdbt-mypfrjdtbvbty ebslrebslrefr bn dmb`erfn jne jel`fsdfnts. N Fni` A Kfe. 73:5? 4931=4=-58. Frrjtuk bn N Fni` A Kfe. 73:6 =?4971:29. - Ilnzj`fz-Ijefj K@, Dmfnnu T, ft j`. Srfebdtbvf dlebni bn Jutbsk Tpfdtruk Ebslrefr jne Jttfntbln Efdbt Mypfrjdtbvbty Ebslrefr. A Nfurlpmysbl`. 73:6. - Ilu`jrebns AG, Wbil`b E, ft j`. Jttfntbln efdbt mypfrjdtbvbty ebslrefr jne efvf`lpkfntj` dllrebnjtbln ebslrefr1 Uwl Uwl sfpjrjtf ebslrefrs lr el tmfy smjrf j dlkkln ftbl`liy ftbl`liy.. Gfmjv Grjbn Wfs. 73:6?72715=5-527. - Hlre-Alnfs SD. Kbsebjinlsbs lh jttfntbln efdbt mypfrjdtbvbty ebslrefr1 ”Nlrkj` gfmjvblur‒ gfmjvblur ‒ jne rf`jtbvf kjturbty. Sjfebjtr Dmb`e Mfj`tm. 73:6?731733-7.
