Unit 3 Human Settlement Planning

AR6702 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING Lecture and compiling by Ar.A.Sivaraman, M.Arch, MCA, AIIA.

AR6702

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING Syllabus

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Elements of Human Settlements human beings and settlements nature shells& Net work their functions and Linkages Linkages Anatomy & classification of Human settlements Locational, Resource based, Population size & Occupational structure. –

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UNIT II FORMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Structure and form of Human settlements Linear Linear,, non-linear and circular Combinations reasons for development disadvantages case studies factors influencing the growth and decay of human settlements. –

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9 advantages and

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UNIT III PLANNING CONCEPTS 9 Planning concepts and their relevance to I ndian Planning practice in respect of Ebenezer Howard Garden city concepts and contents Patrick Geddes Conservative surgery case study C.A. Perry Neighborhood concept Le Corbusier concept and case studies. –

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UNIT IV URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN RENEWAL 9 Scope and Content of Master plan planning area, land use plan and Zoning regulations zonal plan need, linkage to master plan and land use plan planned unit development (PUD) need, applicability and development development regulations - Urban Renewal Plan Meaning,Redevelopmen Meaning,Rede velopment, t, Rehabilitation and Conservation JNNURM case studies. –

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UNIT V ISSUES IN CONTEMPORAR CONTEMPORARY Y URBAN PLANNING IN INDIA Globalization and its impact on cities Urbanisation, emergence of new forms of developments development integrated townships case studies. –

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self sustained communities

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9 SEZ

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transit

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HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING TERMS

BOULEVARD:

a wide road in a city, usually with trees on each side or along the centre

STRUCTURE

Planning concept 1.Ebenezer howard Garden city d r a w o h r e z e n e b E

s e i d d e g k c i r t a P

2.Patrick geddies Conservative surgery concept 3.C.A.Perry Neighbourhood concept 4.Le Corbusier . Grid concept

y r r e P

r e i s u b r o C

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GARDEN CITY

Ebenezer howard •

Garden city most potent(strong) planning in western urban planning

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Created by Ebenezer howard in 1898 to solve urban and rural problems

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Source of many key planning ideas during 20th century.

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Garden Gar den city :

The garde arden n city city is part part of urban urban moveme movement nt and is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Eb Eben enez ezer er Ho How war ard d in the Unite United d Kingd Kingdom om.. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained comm commun unit ities ies surro surroun unde ded d by "greenbelts greenbelts", ", cont contai aini ning ng prop propor orti tion onat ate e areas of residences, industry industry,, and agricultur agriculture. e.

GARDEN CITY

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Redirecting the urban growth into new towns that would surround existing cities.

These towns were called

Garden Cities.

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GARDEN CITY

IMPORTANT YEARS •

1899 published published garden city of tomorrow

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1903

LETCHWORTH was designed designed for 35000 35000 person

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1920

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1947

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Garden city association was formed

Welwyn was designed designed for 40000 persons LETCHWORTH had 16000 populati population on & 100 factories Welwyn was designed for 18000 population & 75 factories

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GARDEN CITY THE CONCEPT

‘Garden City’– an impressive diagram of THE THREE MAGNETS namely the town magnet, country magnet with their advantages and disadvantages and the third magnet with attractive features of both town and country life. • Natural people preferred the third one namely garden city. city.

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GARDEN CITY

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THE CONCEPT •

Core garden city principles Strong community ordered development environmental quality

These were to be achieved by: Unified owner ship of land to preven preventt individual land speculation and maximize community benefit. •

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Careful planning to provide generous living and working space while maintaining natural qualities

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Social mix and good communit community y facilities

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Limits to growth of each garden city

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Local participation participation in decisions about development. development .

GARDEN CITY AFFORDABILITY : Howard wanted garden city of all incomes Most originally for those of modest incomes Their attractiveness as living environments has often made them become more popular with better off people. EXAMPLES OF MODEST INCOME GARDEN CITYCITYdevelopments build just after ww1 are Kapyla ( Finland ) Colonel light gardens (Adelaide, Australia Australia)) Orechova (prague, Czech republic) republic) • • •

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SOME GARDEN CITY DEVELOPMENTS ALWAYS INTENDED FOR WEAL WEALTHY THY COMMUTERS Denenchofu ( Tokyo, japan Tokyo, japan ) was an example of this developed by railway company

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GARDEN CITY

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GARDEN CITY APPLICATION

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After 1945, the garden city model was mutated in to satellite or new towns in many countries Examples in Sweden ,UK or Hong Kong

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NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT

C.A.Perry •

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Clarence Arthur Perry (1872-1944) was an American planner. planner. He formulated his early ideas about the neighborhood unit and community life which is 5-minute walk to define walking distances from residential to non-residential components . Perry was very concerned about the walkability to and from schools. His ideas were realized in neighborhoods

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Vision of Neighbourhood


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concept of Neighbourhood


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Vision of Neighbourhood

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT The Neighbourhood is the planning unit for a Town

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NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT The Neighbourhood is the planning unit for a Town

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SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBOURHOOD NEI GHBOURHOOD THEORY •

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[1] Traffic Traffic routes should not pass through residential neighbourhood. [2] Interior street pattern should be designed and constructed through use of cul-de-sacs, curve layout and light duty surfacing. [3] The population of the neighbourhood should be that which is necessary to support its elementary school. [4] The neighbourhood focal point should be t he elementary school centrally located on a common or green along with other institutions that have services area coincident with the neighbourhood boundaries. [5] The radius of the neighbourhood should be a maximum of 1/4 mile


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Principles of Neighbourhood


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Updated Neighbourhood unit

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CONURBATION:

an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city.

CONSERVATIVE CONSERVA TIVE SURGERY CONCEPT

Patrick geddies •

Father of modern town planning.

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First to link sociological concepts into town planning

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“Survey before plan”………………………………………. i.e. Diagnosis before treatment

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CONSERVATIVE CONSERVA TIVE SURGERY CONCEPT GEDDISIAN TRIAD

IMPORTANT YEARS •

18541854- 1932 1932

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1886

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1892

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1911

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1915

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1920 -23

PATRICK GEDDES Settled in EDINBERGH world’s first sociological observatory observatory outlook tower – world’s

exhibition on CITIES AND TOWN PLANNING published cities in evolution | visited India professor of civics and sociology in university of Bombay

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Geddes was concerned with the relationship between people and cities and how they affect one another. He emphasized that people do not merely needed shelter, shelter, but also food and work, the recreation and social life. This makes the house an inseparable part of the neighbourhood, the city and the surrounding open country and the region.

CITY

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work

Food

Shelter

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Social life

Recreation

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Organic relation ship between

Socio Physical& Economical environment

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CONSERVATIVE CONSERVA TIVE SURGERY CONCEPT Planning concept

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Geddes was the originator of the idea and technique of

Regional survey and city survey

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Highlights: 1.Old town issue ………..>>> new town issue difficulties …………….…..>>> opportunities 2. Lack of contact ……….>>> cooperation 3. Civic survey……………..>>> value to be considered

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Highlights : Removal/renewal process Slum removal Not encourage grid pattern Smooth traffic Spot study is necessity More spacies

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CONSERVATIVE CONSERVA TIVE SURGERY CONCEPT Application

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DELHI NCR

London , UK

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CONSERVATIVE CONSERVA TIVE SURGERY CONCEPT OUTLOOK TOWER

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CONSERVATIVE CONSERVA TIVE SURGERY CONCEPT OUTLOOK TOWER

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GRID CONCEPT

Le Corbusier 1887-196 1887-1965 5 •

He was a French architect whose ideas have greatly influenced the modern town planning

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Corbusier wanted man to live in urban life in truth with security and ease collectively and individually.

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The meaning and idea of visual order and relationship and the city as a synthesis of form embracing verities of structures and systems is the theme repeatedly proclaimed by him.

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GRID CONCEPT

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He tried to create totally different different world from the exiting ones . He wanted to grow with the machine and take full advantage of its potential for speed and verticality . He depended on pure forms . eg. 1.Contemporary city

2. Radiant city

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n o i t a l u p o p n o i l l i m 3

n o i t a l u p o p n o i l l i m 5 . 1

3. Linear city

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GRID CONCEPT

Background city development th the early 20 century of

in

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GRID CONCEPT

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Background of city development in the early 20th century

Its impact and influence can be seen mainly in the following aspects: 1) The growth of industry in city attract attracted ed a large number of people flowing into the city causing the increase of the density of urban population. 2) The traditional urban pattern has been broken by the industrialization needs, and a new structure with the commercial and industrial centers, transport hub centers has been formed. 3) The industrial development as well as population expansion has led to the traffic congestions.

GRID CONCEPT

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Le Corbusier’s principles of reconstruction and development of cities

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Corbusier advocated urban centralism and believed that this form can bring energy to the city. city. By centralization of the space and transformation of function the new urban environment can be created to meet the requirement of modern society. society. Le Corbusier considered that the main problems in city were the greatly increasing density of population in city center, center, the conflict between the growth of the number and speed of transportation and the existing road system and the lack of enough green land and public space to provide enough sunshine, good ventilation

GRID CONCEPT LE CORBUSIER'S FOUR PRINCIPLE IN CITY PLANNING

1) Decrease the congestion congestion in the city center 2) Increase the density of population in city center 3) Diversify ways of transportation

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GRID CONCEPT

Le Corbusier

1.Contemporary city

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GRID CONCEPT

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Le Corbusier's City for Three Million

GRID CONCEPT

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GRID CONCEPT

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GRID CONCEPT

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Le Corbusier's City for Three Million

GRID CONCEPT

Le Corbusier

2.Radial city

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GRID CONCEPT

Dwelling area

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GRID CONCEPT

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GRID CONCEPT

Le Corbusier

3.Linear city

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GRID CONCEPT

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GRID CONCEPT

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GRID CONCEPT

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Le Corbusier

Chandigarh Chandig arh planning

GRID CONCEPT

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Chandigarh planning

Genesis of the city CHANDIGARH was the first planned city after independence from British rule in 1947. It is the capital city of the states of Punjab and Haryana.

The city is located l ocated at the picturesque junction of foothills of the Himalayas Mountain Mountain range and the Ganges G anges plains. It houses a population of 1 ,054,600 inhabitants (2001 ) and is one of the richest cities of the nation. American architects Alb Albert ert Ma Mayer yer and Mathew Novicki were the first architects to be appointed for the project. After the death death of Novicki Novicki in 1950, Le Corbusier was

GRID CONCEPT Chandigarh planning

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GRID CONCEPT

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Chandigarh planning

Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly Head (the Capitol Codified mplex, Sector 1 ), Heart (the City Centre Sector-17), Lungs (the leisure valley, valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens), Intellect (the cultural and educational institutions), Circulatory system (the network of roads,the roads,the 7Vs) 7Vs) and Viscera (the Industrial Area).

GRID CONCEPT

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Chandigarh planning

In 1951 1951 It Was Give Given n To Le Corb Corbus usie ierr

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In Chandigarh Le Corbusier System Of Self Supporting Neig Neighb hbor orho hood od Unit Unit Know Known n as a Sect Sector or Has Has Work orked Very ery Well ell •

Sect Sector or Whic Which h Is Intr Introv over erte ted d In Char Charac acte terr Comm Commun unic icat ates es Only Only At 4 Junc Juncti tion onss With With The The Adjo Adjoin inin ing g Neig Neighb hbou ourh rhoo ood d Unit Unitss •

All All The The Hous Houses es Open Open Up Insi Inside de

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Grid Grid Plan Planni ning ng Is Done Done

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Chan Chandi dig garh arh Plan Planni ning ng Was Done Done In An Ma Mann nner er That That Every veryth thin ing g Was Easi Easily ly Clear Clear Abou Aboutt The The Rout Routes es And And Sect Sector orss •

7 V’s Road Road Syst System em Is Used Used

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The The Road Roadss Are Are Classi Classifi fied ed As V1 ,V2 ,V3………v7

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GRID CONCEPT

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Chandigarh planning

The basic planning of the city is a sector:     

To accommodate 3,000 to 25,000 persons. 30 sectors in Chandigarh 24 are residential. The sectors surrounded by high speed roads bus stops every 400m.

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The main principle of the sector is that never a door will open on the surrounding of fast vehicular road .

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The size of the sector is based on t he concept of no pedestrian need to walk for more than 10min .

GRID CONCEPT

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Chandigarh planning

The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a neighborhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200 meters.

Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centers and places of recreations and worship. The population of a sector se ctor varies between 3000 and 20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area.


A Hierarchy of Green Spaces can be observed in the layout ranging from Public Greens at City Level to Semi-Private to Private Green Areas

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GRID CONCEPT

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Chandigarh planning

The Leisure Valley is a green sprawling space extending North-East to South-West along a seasonal river let gradient and was conceived by Le Corbusier as the lungs of the city. Apart from large Public Parks and special Botanical Gardens, it houses series of Fitness Trails, amphitheaters and spaces for open-air exhibitions.


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Unit 3 Human Settlement Planning

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