Early 1600s
Manila became the first primate city in Southeast Asia – Asia – political political capital, ecclesiastical center, economically dominant 1650 Cabecera or poblacion settlement system (urban area) spread in the lowlands with visitas or rural barrios (hinterland) surrounding each poblacion; Church – Plaza – Plaza Complex EX. Cebu and Manila – Manila – Intramuros Intramuros with straight streets, rectangular plaza, bordered by the cathedral, government buildings, expensive private homes. 1655 1 capital City – City – Manila; Manila; 6 regional centers; 180 cabeceras or poblacions 1762-1764 Seven Years War – War – Bristish Bristish and Indian colonial troops invaded Manila AFTER 1764 – 1764 – SOCIO SOCIO- ECONOMIC CHANGES; INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM 1781 Colonial economy based on commercial, agriculatural led by mestizos EX. Tobacco and tobacco products Emergence of semi urban places in the provinces 1790s Opening of Manila to European and American vessels; opening of Suez Canal
Chapels or small churches are built to attract tenacious tenacious natives through fiestas and processions processions
1818 1820
Decentralized residences of Spanish mestizos – now in inner cities and Parians Cebu, Cavite, and Iloilo-Jaro Molo with population of > 10000 each Batangas – Batangas – Taal Taal became non-agricultural settlements and center of inter-island commerce Manila economy was based on exploiting Philippine commodities and importing goods made abroad; Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was no more; EX. Tobacco processing form Ilocos in cigar factories near port of Tondo and hemp factories for abaca Jaro and Molo, Panay – Panay – m mestizo estizo dominated settlements for internal trade Cavite – Cavite – factories factories and shipyards run by Filipinos Cebu and Iloilo were the only provincial centers which attained significant size; Iloilo developed sugar haciendas Iloilo and Cebu opened direct international trade Iloilo had export functions and sugar haciendas making it the second most important city Iloilo became the seat of first new bishopric since 1598 – 1598 – status status was recognized recognized ecclesiastically; 18 export houses Manila’s position as primate city had hardly been challenged and derived greatest benefit from accelerating economic activity of the century; population reached 190,000 in 1898; > 750 poblaciones
Stimulated abaca in Bicol and sugar in Panay and Negros Ethnic segregation now blurry
1830s
1850s 1860
Inter-island trade of woven pira cloth
1865 1870
Cornered 99%of imports; 226 a representatives from American and European export houses.
1850s-late 1800s
Chinese dominated central commercial districts in all settlements, EX. Escolta St. Binondo; increased inter-island trade, exported commercial crops to Europe and America and distributors of the British Commercial shops on the ground floors of centrally located houses No more spatially segregated peripheral clusters of Chinese’s Decentralized residential for Spaniards. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD 1890 Railroad built linking Manila to Central Luzon EX. Guaga, Bulacan, Sual, Pangasinan lost their hinterlands and declined while Dagupan a rail terminus, flourished as a major commercial center of Pangasinan; other port cities continued to become regional urban centers in spite of Manila because of its archipelagic nature 1903 Manila had 876 manufacturing establishments; City of Manila was incorporated covering intramuros and 12 fast growing suburban towns Iloilo had a population of 25,000 to 30,000 Cebu-third most important city with a population of 20,000 Legazpi, Malabon and Cavite were third ranked centers; Legazpi port opened to international shipping because abaca developed in its hinterland; Malabon was a collection and transshipment of goods from Pampanga and Bulacan to Manila with sugar and cigar factories; Cavite continued as port with associated naval yard and arsenal. 1905 Manila and Baguio Plans of Daniel H. Burnham introduced the City Beautiful western type of town planning. 1910 Rebuilding of settlements complete with hygiene and sanitary facilities and drainage systems called sanitary barrios
Bridges were built along postal routes facilitating transport in Luzon.
1920s 1928 1933
Barrio obrero or the working class district evolved as government response to the needs of low-income labor families in urban areas. Zoning ordinance for Manila promulgate but took effect only in 1940 Housing Committee created to clear slums and carry out housing projects for the poor.
Infrastructure planning; socioeconomic planning on a limited scale; centralized planning
Zoning became popular in America in the 1920s
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE PLANNING AND PLANNING LAWS LAW
TITLE
DATE
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935-1941) – concern for both economic and physical respects of planning including housing, links across sectors were still lacking, sectoral planning remained sectoral and centralized; vertical links across government levels absent. National Economic Council – due to economic implication of the impending independence, tasked to formulate CA #2 1935 dev’t plans for the new Commonwealth. People’s Homsite Corporation (PHC) – for urban planning and development 1938 National Housing Commission (NHC) – for urban planning and housing CA #468 1941 AFTER WW II (1946 – 1950s) – Preoccupied with economic rebuilding, first in a series of five-year plans came out for the period 1947-1951 which understandably embodied mostly social and economic measures for national recovery, local development planning in the 1950s spread nationwide… National Urban Planning Commission EO 98 1946 People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) – merger of PHC and NHC EO 93 1947 AO 29 Real Property Board July 12, 1947 RA 333 Designating Quezon City as new Capital and master planning it by the Capital City Planning Commission (CCPC) RA 580 Home Financing Commission 1950 ..regional planning and development started, a host of regional development bodies were created in 60s….. EO 367 National Planning Commission – NUPC, CCPC and RPB abolished, the only physical planning agency of the 1950 government, also vested with regional planning functions RA 997 Government Survey and Reorganization Commission – proposed Reorganization Plan 53-A dividing the 1954 Philippines into 8 regions. … rural community development become a priority concern EO 156 Presidential Assistance on Community Development Office (PACD) – CD councils organized at the provincial, local 1956 and barangays levels. … a semblance of decentralized town planning begun, local autonomy given importance, importance of town planning re cognized. Unfortunately, local planning happened only on paper, planning was clearly top-down, highly centralized in spite of supportive legal fiat trail could have emancipated local planning. National planning focused on macro-economic policies without spatial dimensions. Sectoral plans were mainly socio-economic. Dichotomy between socio-economic and spatial/ physical plans persisted. Multi-level planning of framework seemed in order but plans could not be integrated due to differences in thrusts, objectives and approaches. Regional planning effort continued although largely ineffective (administrative region, IAD, river, basin/ island/ ecological region, provincial). Peo ple’s non participants. RA 2264 Local Autonomy Act of 1959 – first of its kind, empowered LGUs to enact zoning ordinances and subdivision 1959 rules; all towns and cities required to form local planning boads to craft development plans under the guidance of NPC RA 2370 Autonomy to the Barrios or Barrio Charter – made the barrios quasi-municipal corporations vested with taxing powers and power to enact ordinances through an elective barrio council
MARCOS REGIME
RA 4341 RA 5185 RA 5435 EO 121
Institute of Planning at UP Diliman established in order to create a pool of planners and declared a national policy on comprehensive planning of human settlements and their envinronment Decentralization Act of 1967 – greater freedom and ampler means for LGUs to respond to the needs of their people and enable the people to participate Presidential Commission on Reorganization – produced Integrated Reorganization Plan Provincial Development Committee headed by a development coordinator – tasked to prepared provincial development plans and coordinate private and public investments Home Financing Corporation – reorganized Home Financing Commission
October 1965 1967 1968 1968
RA 5488 1969 EO 535 1972 t0 1985 – regional planning approach to development took permanent shape, regional planning authorities resurrected, metropolitan planning, decentralized yet centralized; multi-level planning structure and institutions but still centralized due to type of political leadership, tokenism in people participation, spatial awareness in development planning through physical framework planning. PD #1 Integrated Reorganization Plan – delineated the country into 11 administrative regions with regional capitals, Sept. 24, 1972 creation of Regional Development Councils and Authorities (only the RDCs were activated) EO 419 Task Force on Human Settlements (TFHS) Sept. 19, 1973 PD 461 Department of Natural Resource May 17, 1974 PD 824 Metro Manila Commission – a first metropolitan planning and governance Nov. 7, 1974 PD 757 National Housing Authority – merged PHHC, PAHRA, TFDA, etc. July 31, 1975 LOIs 447. Strengthening the administrative capacity of the regional offices by ordering the delegation of substantive Aug. 12 & 18, 448 & 895 and administrative authority to the regional office 1976; Jul. 25,’79 PD 933 Human Settlements Commission May 13, 1976 EO 648 Charter of Human Settlements Regulatory Commission Feb. 1981 PD 1267 National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation 1977 PD 1396 Ministry of Human Settlements with the HSRC (now HLRB) as the regulatory arm; June 2, 1978 LOI 729 Directed MHS to prepare land use and zoning plans; still enforced by HLRB 1978 PD 530 Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF) or PAG-IBIG 1978 EO 90 National Shelter Program 1978 PD 1618 Autonomous Regions IX and XII July 25, 1979 BP 220 Low-Income Subdivision Development – 30% of gross family income affordability Sept. 25, 1982 Local Government Code of 1983 Feb. 1983 LOI 1350 Providing for the institutional framework for the national physical planning – transferred from MHS to NEDA; Aug. 1983 created the inter-agency NLUC PD 1567 Establishment of 1 day care center in every barangay for aged 6 and below 1984 PD 957 Residential condominium and Subdivision 1984 PD 1216 Redefining 30% “open space” as used in PD 957 PD 1096 Building Code of the Philippines
