TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TUXTLA GUTIERREZ CARRERA ING. MECÁNICA
TRABAJO ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS E HIDRÁULICOS CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN Y ECUACIONES.
UNIDAD II
MATERIA: AUTOMATIZACIÓN INDUSTRIAL
PRESENTA VILLARREAL ÁLVAREZ EDÉN No. DE CONTROL 12270087
CATEDRATICO ING. MARIO TOLEDO MARTÍNEZ
TUXTLA TUXTL A GUTIÉRREZ GUTIÉRR EZ CHIA!AS CHIA!AS A 20 DE A"RIL DEL 201#
ÍNDICE
......................................................... .............................................................. .......................................... 3 INTRODUCCIÓN .....................................
1.
CRITER CRITERIO IOS S DE SELECC SELECCIÓN IÓN !A !ARA CILI CILINDR NDROS OS Y MOTO MOTORES RES.............................4
............................................................. ....................... ............. 4 1.1 ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS......................................
1.1.1 ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS LINEALES .....................................................4 1.1.2 OTROS TIPOS DE DE CILINDROS CILINDROS....................................... .......................................................... ................... ............ 6 1.1.3 ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS GIRATORIOS ....................................................7 1.2 ACTUADORES HIDRÁULICOS ....................................................................10 1.2.1 ACTUADORES HIDRÁULICOS LINEALES ...................................................10 1.2.2 ACTUADORES HIDRÁULICOS ROTATIVOS ...................................................13
2.
CALCUL CALCULO O DE CILIND CILINDRO ROS S Y MOT MOTOR ORES ES NEUMÁ NEUMÁTIC TICOS OS.............................14
2.1 CONSUMO DE AIRE COMPRIMIDO.................................................................14 2.2 POTENCIA DESARROLLADA POR UN MOTOR NEUMÁTICO .............................15 EJERCICIOS DE CALCULO DE POTENCIA DE UN MOTOR NEUMATICO NEUMATICO Y CONSUMO DE AIRE COMPRIMIDO ....................................... ........................................................... ........................................ ............................. ......... 16 CUADRO COMPARATIVO. ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS E HIDRÁULICOS ..............18 FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN..................................... ......................................................... ........................................ ...................... .. 19
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INTRODUCCIÓN Los !"#$o%&s so' $(s)os("(*os !)!&s $& +&'&%% #' ,#&%- )%"(% $& /0#($os +s&s. E !"#$o% %&!(& o%$&' $& #' %&+#$o% o !o'"%o$o% $ #' s($ '&!&s%( )% !"(*% #' &&&'"o ,(' $& !o'"%o !oo o so' s *4*#s. P#&$&' s&% 5($%4#(!os o '"(!os. Los !"#$o%&s 5($%4#(!os s& &)&' !#'$o o 0#& s& '&!&s(" &s )o"&'!(6 os '"(!os so' s()&s )os(!(o'(&'"os. S(' &%+o6 os 5($%4#(!os %&0#(&%&' $&s($o &0#()o )% s#('(s"%o $& &'&%+/6 s/ !oo $& '"&'((&'"o )&%(7$(!o. Po% o"%o $o6 s )(!!(o'&s $& os o$&os '"(!os "(8' so' (("$s $&s$& & )#'"o $& *(s" $& )%&!(s(7' '"&'((&'"o. E "%9o %&(-$o )o% #' !"#$o% '"(!o )#&$& s&% ('& o %o""(*o. E o*((&'"o ('& s& o"(&'& )o% !(('$%os $& 8oo 8s"os "(8' )%o)o%!(o'' o*((&'"o %o""(*o !o' *%(&$$ $& 4'+#os )o% &$(o $& !"#$o%&s $& "()o )(;7'
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1. CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN !ARA CILINDROS Y MOTORES A#'0#& &' &s&'!( os !"#$o%&s '"(!os & 5($%4#(!os so' ($8'"(!os6 os '"(!os "(&'&' #' o% %'+o $& !o)%&s(7' $&4s &?(s"&' $(,&%&'!(s &' !#'"o #so &s"%#!"#%.
1.1 ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS 1.1.1 ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS LINEALES E !(('$%o '"(!o !o's(s"& &' #' !(('$%o !&%%$o !o' #' )(s"7' &' s# ('"&%(o% 0#& $&s(- 0#& "%'s("& s# o*((&'"o &?"&%(o% &$('"& #' *4s"+o. Los !(('$%os '"(!os ('$&)&'$(&'"&&'"& $& s# ,o% !o's"%#!"(*6 %&)%&s&'"' os !"#$o%&s 4s !o#'&s 0#& s& #"((-' &' os !(%!#("os '"(!os. E?(s"&' $os "()os ,#'$&'"&s $& os !#&s $&%(*' !o's"%#!!(o'&s &s)&!(&s. C(('$%os $& s()& &,&!"o6 !o' #' &'"%$ $& (%& )% )%o$#!(% #' !%%&% $& "%9o &' #' s&'"($o. Los !(('$%os $& s()& &,&!"o s& #"((-' )% s#9&"%6 %!%6 &?)#s%6 &"!. T(&'&' #' !o's#o $& (%& +o 4s 9o 0#& #' !(('$%o $& $o& &,&!"o $& (+# ";o. S(' &%+o6 5 #' %&$#!!(7' $& ()#so $&($ ,#&%- !o'"%%( $& %&so%"&6 s/ 0#& )#&$& s&% '&!&s%(o #' $(4&"%o ('"&%'o +o 4s +%'$& )% !o's&+#(% #' (s ,#&%-. T(8' $&!#!(7' $& %&so%"& "(&'& !oo !o's&!#&'!( #' o'+("#$ +o 4s %+ #' o'+("#$ $& !%%&% (("$6 $&($o #' &s)!(o #&%"o. T()os $& !(('$%os $& s()& &,&!"o: C(('$%os $& 8oo6 !(('$%os $& &%'6 !(('$%os $& &%' &'%o&.
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1.1.2 OTROS TI!OS DE CILINDROS •
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1.1. ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS GIRATORIOS Los !"#$o%&s %o""(*os o +(%"o%(os so' os &'!%+$os $& "%'s,o%% &'&%+/ '"(! &' &'&%+/ &!4'(! $& %o"!(7'. D&)&'$(&'$o $& s( & 7*( $& +(%o "(&'& #' 4'+#o (("$o o 'o6 s& ,o%' os $os +%'$&s +%#)os '(-%: •
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$%&. . A/34)o* D+ !4'+4.
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Mo"o%&s D& Koo S# !!(o'(&'"o s& %&(- )o% &$(o $& !(('$%os $& o*((&'"o "&%'"(*o6 & (%& !o)%(($o !!(o' "%*8s $& #' (& & !(+&; $& o"o%. L )o"&'!( $& &s"os o"o%&s $&)&'$&: = D& )%&s(7' $& &'"%$ = D& '&%o $& 8oos != D& s#)&%,(!(& *&o!($$ $& os 8oos.
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1.2 ACTUADORES HIDRÁULICOS 1.2.1 ACTUADORES HIDRÁULICOS LINEALES Los !(('$%os 5($%4#(!os $& o*((&'"o ('& so' #"((-$os !o'&'"& &' )(!!(o'&s $o'$& ,#&%- $& &)#9& $& )(s"7' s# $&s)-(&'"o so' &&*$os. Los !(('$%os 5($%4#(!os )#&$&' s&% $& s()& &,&!"o6 $& $o& &,&!"o "&&s!7)(!os. E' & )%(&% "()o6 & ,#($o 5($%4#(!o &)#9 &' #' s&'"($o & )(s"7' $& !(('$%o #' ,#&%- &?"&%' %&so%"& o +%*&$$= o %&"%& &' s&'"($o !o'"%%(o. E !#&%)o $& !(('$%o &s !9 &?"&%' "##% !o'"(&'& & )(s"7'6 & s&o $& )(s"7' & *4s"+o. C(%& &s & "8%('o #s$o )% ('$(!% & $(4&"%o $& )(s"7'. E &?"%&o $& )(s"7' $& !(('$%o +#'s *&!&s $o &?"%&o !(&+o= s& !o'o!& !oo & &?"%&o $& !&-. E &?"%&o $&s$& & !# & *4s"+o s& &?"(&'$& s& %&"%& s& !o'o!& !oo & &?"%&o $& *4s"+o.
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1.2.2 ACTUADORES HIDRÁULICOS ROTATIVOS Mo"o% 5($%4#(!o E o"o% 5($%4#(!o !o'*(&%"& &'&%+/ 5($%4#(! &' &'&%+/ &!4'(!. E o"o% 5($%4#(!o #s & ,#9o $& !&("& &'*($o )o% o o !o'*(&%"& &' #' o*((&'"o %o""o%(o )% ()#s% o"%o $(s)os("(*o )o% &9&)o6 '$os ,('&s6 $(,&%&'!(6 "%'s(s(7'6 %#&$6 *&'"($o%6 o"% o6 &"!.=. V%(os "()os $& o"o%&s 5($%4#(!os s& #s' &' ('$#s"%(. P%o)o%!(o'' #' *&o!($$ $&"&%('$ %&"(*&'"& !o's"'"& "%*8s $& s# *%($ + $& )%&s(o'&s. C#'$o !'-' s# 4?(o )%6 s# *&o!($$ !& %4)($&'"& $&($o 0#& & ,#($o 5($%4#(!o s& &s!) "%*8s $& #' *4*# $& (*(o $&9'$o & o"o% s(' (&'"%. E'"%& os "()os $& o"o%&s 5($%4#(!os s& &'!#&'"%': os o"o%&s $& )&"s6 $& )(s"7' ?( o %$(6 $& &'+%'9&s +&%o"o%.
13
$IG. 11. MOTOR HIDRAULICO
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2. CALCULO DE CILINDROS Y MOTORES NEUMÁTICOS 2.1 CONSUMO DE AIRE COM!RIMIDO P% $(s)o'&% $& (%& !o'o!&% & +s"o $& &'&%+/6 &s ()o%"'"& !o'o!&% & !o's#o $& ('s"!(7'6 !4!#o 0#& !o&'-%4 )o% os !"#$o%&s )o"&'!(=. P% #' )%&s(7' $& "%9o6 #' $(4&"%o #' !%%&% $& 8oo $&"&%('$o6 & !o's#o $& (%& s& !!# !oo s(+#&: L ,7%# $& !4!#o )o% &o$6 %&s#": E!#. 1= Co' #$ $& "s6 s& )#&$& &s"&!&% os $"os $& !o's#o $& (%& $& #' '&% 4s s&'!( %4)($. Los *o%&s &s"4' &?)%&s$os )o% ! $& !%%&% )% os $(4&"%os 4s !o%%(&'"&s $& !(('$%os )% )%&s(o'&s $& 1 1@ P. 1<1@ %=. Do'$&: T4'4 1. Co,-o(+(+9 D+ L4 E/34/%>( 1.
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2.2 !OTENCIA DESARROLLADA !OR UN MOTOR NEUMÁTICO SELECCIÓN DEL MOTOR NEUMÁTICO P% !!#% #' o"o% $& (%& s& )%&!(s' $os $"os $& os "%&s s(+#(&'"&s: 1< Po"&'!( %&0#&%($ 2< V&o!($$ &' RPM '&!&s%( )% %%s"%% !%+ $&"&%('$ 3< P% $& "%9o &?)%&s$o &' N&"o' &"%o N As((so6 $&&' !o's($&%%s& os s(+#(&'"&s ,!"o%&s: 1< P%&s(7' $& (%& &' % o )s(+=. Coo )%&s(7' $& s(s"& $& (&'"!(7' $& (%& )#&$& *%(% $#%'"& & $/ $&($o !o's#os ('"&%("&'"&s $& o"%os )#'"os6 os !4!#os $&&' 5!&%s& !o' )%&s(7' 4s 9 )%&*(s" s&+#%% (&'"!(7' $& o"o% !o' #' %&+#$o% $& )%&s(7'6 !# )%&s(7' $& s($ &s )%&s(7' 0#& s& "o%. 2< A(&'"!(7' $& (%& s#,(!(&'"& )% & o"o%6 &s $&!(%6 /'( )8%$($ $& !%+ &' "#&%/ $& (&'"!(7'.
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E@ERCICIOS DE CALCULO DE !OTENCIA DE UN MOTOR NEUMATICO Y CONSUMO DE AIRE COM!RIMIDO
$IG. 12. CALCULO DE CONSUMO DE AIRE COM!RMIDO
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$IG. 1. CALCULO DE !OTENCIA DE UN MOTOR NEUMATICO
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CUADRO COM!ARATIVO. ACTUADORES NEUMÁTICOS E HIDRÁULICOS T4'4 . C34)*o Co,-4*4%:o.
NEUMÁTICO
HIDRÁULICO
CILINDROS Los !(('$%os '"(!os ('$&)&'$(&'"&&'"& $& s# ,o% !o's"%#!"(*6 %&)%&s&'"' os !"#$o%&s 4s !o#'&s 0#& s& #"((-' &' os !(%!#("os '"(!os. E?(s"&' $os "()os ,#'$&'"&s $& os !#&s $&%(*' !o's"%#!!(o'&s &s)&!(&s C(('$%os $& s()& &,&!"o C(('$%os $& $o& &,&!"o Los !(('$%os 5($%4#(!os $& o*((&'"o ('& so' #"((-$os !o'&'"& &' )(!!(o'&s $o'$& ,#&%- $& &)#9& $& )(s"7' s# $&s)-(&'"o so' &&*$os. Los !(('$%os 5($%4#(!os )#&$&' s&% $& s()& &,&!"o6 $& $o& &,&!"o "&&s!7)(!os.
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MOTORES Los !"#$o%&s %o""(*os o +(%"o%(os so' os &'!%+$os $& "%'s,o%% &'&%+/ '"(! &' &'&%+/ &!4'(! $& %o"!(7'. Mo"o%&s '"(!os P%o)o%!(o'' #' o*((&'"o %o""o%(o !o's"'"&. S& !%!"&%(-' )o% )%o)o%!(o'% #' &&*$o '&%o $& %&*o#!(o'&s )o% ('#"o. E o"o% 5($%4#(!o !o'*(&%"& &'&%+/ 5($%4#(! &' &'&%+/ &!4'(!. E o"o% 5($%4#(!o #s & ,#9o $& !&("& &'*($o )o% o o !o'*(&%"& &' #' o*((&'"o %o""o%(o )% ()#s% o"%o $(s)os("(*o. P%o)o%!(o'' #' *&o!($$ $&"&%('$ %&"(*&'"& !o's"'"& "%*8s $& s# *%($ + $& )%&s(o'&s. C#'$o !'-' s# 4?(o )%6 s# *&o!($$ !& %4)($&'"& $&($o 0#& & ,#($o 5($%4#(!o s& &s!) "%*8s $& #' *4*# $& (*(o $&9'$o & o"o% s(' (&'"%.
$UENTES DE IN$ORMACIÓN
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