Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Qrcnceg prãltflg am Nfg`gkäc ID #3
Lã`lu`g am` iõdmrg am cudmitgs y m` tcdcóg rmc` Qmdc5 Lã`lu`g am` iõdmrg am cudmitgs am `gs afnuegs y m` tcdcóg rmc` am `cs mstrulturcs y
u`trc mstrulturcs rmprmsmitcacs mi `gs afnuegs g mi dflrgkrchäcs. Gnemtfvgs
]sg am ui dflrgslgpfg üptflg pcrc fivmstfkcr `c mstrulturc am læ`u`cs y tmefags am grfkmi vmkmtc` y rmc`fzclfüi am afnuegs am `cs læ`u`cs.
Famitfhflcr y cic`fzcr m` tmefag mpfaærdflg am `c lmng``c, m` pcræiqufdc am `c pcpc, y `gs lrgdgp`cstgs mi `c pu`pc am tgdctm.
Lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg rmc` am `cs læ`u`cs gnsmrvcacs mi m` dflrgslgpfg mdp`mciag `c hgrdu`c mspmlfhflc.
Dcrlg tmürflg
@c læ`u`c ms `c uifaca am grfkmi, mstrulturc` y huilfgic` am `gs smrms vfvgs, ms tgtc`dmitm cutüigdc y amscrrg``c huilfgims lgdg `cs am luc`qufmr smr vfvg. \cnmdgs tcdnfæi qum m` fik`æs ^gnmrt Jggbm, mi 388=, rmc`fzü lgrtms hfigs am uic dumstrc am lgrljg y gnsmrvü usciag ui dflrgslgpfg ruafdmitcrfg uigs pmqumógs lgdpcrtfdmitgs, qum ig mrci dãs qum `cs pcrmams lm`u`crms am mscs læ`u`cs dumrtcs y `cs ``cdü læ`u`cs (am` `ctäi læ`u`c, qum sfkifhflc jcnftclfüi pmqumóc), yc qum æstm tmefag `m rmlgracnc `cs lm`acs pmqumócs qum jcnftcnci `gs dgiems am cqum``c æpglc. _mrg ig hum sfig jcstc m` sfk`g ZFZ, qum ags lfmitähflgs c`mdcims, m` ngtãiflg Dcttjfcs Ecbgn \lj`mfami y m` zgü`gkg Qjmgagr \ljwcii, miuilfcrgi mi 3:<6 `c prfdmrc tmgräc lm`u`cr5 "Qgacs `cs p`citcs y cifdc`ms mstãi lgdpumstgs pgr krupgs am læ`u`cs y æstcs sgi `c uifaca nãsflc am tgags `gs grkcifsdgs vfvgs". 3
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Mstc tmgräc hum lgdp`mtcac, mi 3:==, pgr ^uag`pj Xfrljgw, qufmi mstcn`mlfü qum `cs læ`u`cs iumvcs sm hgrdcnci c pcrtfr am læ`u`cs prmmxfstmitms (gdif lm``u`c m lm``u`c). Mi gtrcs pc`cnrcs, `cs læ`u`cs ig sm pumami hgrdcr pgr kmimrclfüi mspgitãimc c pcrtfr am dctmrfc fimrtm. Læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms
Qcitg `cs læ`u`cs am `cs p`citcs lgdg `cs am `gs cifdc`ms sgi mulcrfütflcs (tfmimi ui iõl`mg am`fdftcag pgr uic dmdnrcic), sfi mdncrkg, prmsmitci c`kuics afhmrmilfcs5
@cs læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms prmsmitci uic pcrma lm`u`cr lm`u`üsflc, räkfac qum mvftc lcdnfgs am hgrdc y pgsflfüi.
@cs læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms lgitfmimi p`cstfafgs, mstrulturcs rgamcacs pgr uic dmdnrcic, qum sfitmtfzci y c`dclmici c`fdmitgs. @gs dãs lgduims sgi `gs l`grgp`cstgs.
Lcsf tgacs `cs læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms pgsmmi vclug`cs, qum tfmimi `c huilfüi am trcispgrtcr y c`dclmicr iutrfmitms, ckuc y prgaultgs am amsmljg.
@cs læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms lgdp`mecs, lcrmlmi am lfmrtgs grkcim`gs, lgdg `gs lmitrfg`gs y `gs `fsgsgdcs.
@c dmdnrcic iul`mcr mstcn`mlm uic ncrrmrc mitrm `c lrgdctfic (dctmrfc` kmiætflg) y m` lftgp`csdc.
@cs dftglgiarfcs, am fitmrfgr sfiugsg, lgivfmrtmi `gs iutrfmitms mi mimrkäc qum utf`fzc `c p`citc.
C afhmrmilfc am `c læ`u`c cifdc`, `c vmkmtc` lgitfmim l`grgp`cstgs, uigs grkãiu`gs lcpclms am sfitmtfzcr czõlcrms c pcrtfr pc rtfr am afüxfag am lcrngig, ckuc y `uz sg`cr.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Qmefags vmkmtc`ms
Mi uic p`citc pumami mxfstfr vcrfgs tfpgs am tmefags qum sm afhmrmilfci smkõi su huilfüi, mitrm
m``gs
mstãi,
`gs
tmefags
prgtmltgrms,
lgiaultgrms,
tmefags
am
lrmlfdfmitg,
pcrmiqufdãtflgs, am sgstæi, smlrmtgr y dmrfstmdãtflgs.
Qmefags prgtmltgrms5 lgdg su igdnrm `g aflm sgi cqum``gs tmefags milcrkcags am
prgtmkmr c `c p`citc, hgrdciag uic lcpc mxtmric mi m``c pcrc csä rmskucracr`c am `gs ckmitms mxtmrigs2 mstã lgihgrdcac pgr m` tmefag mpfaærdflg g mpfamrdfs y m` tmefag sunmrgsg g sõnmr. (LMNG@@C)
Qmefags lgiaultgrms5 mstgs tmefags sm hgrdci c pcrtfr am afhmrmitms tfpgs am læ`u`cs y
am cjä sm `ms amigdfic lgdg `gs tmefags dãs lgdp`megs, acag c qum mi su dcygräc amrfvci am `cs læ`u`cs dmrfstmdãtflgs2 mxfstmi ags tfpgs am tmefags lgiaultgrms qum sgi `c xf`mdc y m` h`gmdc, `gs luc`ms lgistftuymi m` sfstmdc vcslu`cr g lgiaultgr am `gs vmkmtc`ms.
Qmefags am lrmlfdfmitg5 mstgs tcdnfæi ``cdcags dmrfstmdgs sm lgistftuymi pgr
læ`u`cs eüvmims qum sm afvfami lgitfiucdmitm pgr dmafg am uic dftgsfs2 `cs læ`u`cs am mstgs grfkfici `cs læ`u`cs qum hgrdci `c p`citc. @gs tmefags am lrmlfdfmitg pgsmmi ui iõl`mg krciam lgi cnuiacitm lftgp`csdc.
Qmefags pcrmiqufdãtflgs5 sm milcrkci am iutrfr c `c p`citc, `glc`fzcag mi tgags `gs
vmkmtc`ms, sm glupci am ``micr cqum``gs mspclfgs `fnrms qum gtrgs ürkcigs y tmefags ameci2 mxfstmi vcrfgs tfpgs, agiam uig am m``gs ms m` rmspgiscn`m am rmc`fzcr `c hgtgsäitmsfs. (_C_C)
Qmefags am sgstæi5 mstgs sm lgistftuymi pgr læ`u`cs luycs pcrmams lm`u`crms sgi
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
pmrg sm afhmrmilfci pgr su mstrulturc mstr ulturc y `c tmxturc tm xturc am `cs pcrmams lm`u`crms qum pgsmmi, camdãs pgr `c `glc`fzclfüi am lcac uig amitrg am` vmkmtc`.
Qmefags smlrmtgrms5 lgistftufags pgr mstrulturcs afvmrscs, lgi `c õiflc lcrcltmrästflc
mi lgdõi ms `c am c`dclmicr y smkrmkcr sustcilfcs c `cs lcvfacams mxtmrics m fitmrics am` vmkmtc`2 mxfstmi vcrfgs tfpgs am mstgs tmefags am clumrag c su `glc`fzclfüi.
Qmefags dmrfstmdãtflgs5 sgi `gs rmspgiscn`ms am` lrmlfdfmitg vmkmtc`, mi ui smitfag
`gikftuafic` y afcdmtrc`2 `cs læ`u`cs mi mstgs tmefags pgsmmi uic agn`m lcpclfaca am afhmrmilfclfüi y am du`tfp`flclfüi. @gs p`cstgs
@gs p`cstgs, p`ãstfags g p`cstfafgs sgi grkãiu`gs lm`u`crms mulcrfütflgs, prgpfgs am `cs p`citcs y c`kcs. \u prfilfpc` huilfüi ms `c prgaullfüi y c`dclmicdfmitg am fdpgrtcitms lgdpumstgs quädflgs uscags pgr `c læ`u`c. ]suc`dmitm, lgitfmimi pfkdmitgs utf`fzcags mi `c hgtgsäitmsfs, cuiqum m` tfpg am pfkdmitg prmsmitm pumam vcrfcr, amtmrdficiag m` lg`gr am `c læ`u`c.
Q f pgs pgs am p`cstgs p`cstgs
L`grgp`cstgs (sü`g mi `cs læ`u`cs am p`citcs y c`kcs)
^mc`fzci `c hgtgsäitmsfs. @gs l`grgp`cstgs sgi `gs grkãiu`gs lm`u`crms qum mi `gs grkcifsdgs mulcrfgitms hgtg sfitmtfzcagrms sm glupci am `c hgtgsäitmsfs. Mstãi `fdftcags pgr uic mivg`turc hgrdcac pgr ags dmdnrcics lgilæitrflcs y lgitfmimi vmsälu`cs, `gs tf`clgfams, agiam sm milumitrci grkcifzcags `gs pfkdmitgs y amdãs dg`ælu`cs qum lgivfmrtmi `c mimrkäc `udfigsc mi mimrkäc quädflc.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Lrgdgp`cstgs (sü`g mi `cs læ`u`cs am p`citcs y c`kcs)
\fitmtfzci y c`dclmici pfkdmitgs. \u prmsmilfc mi `cs p`citcs amtmrdfic m` lg`gr rgeg, cicrciecag g cdcrf``g am c`kuics hrutcs, jgrtc`fzcs y h`grms. M` lg`gr am `gs lrgdgp`cstgs sm amnm c `c prmsmilfc am lfmrtgs pfkdmitgs2 lgdg `gs lcrgtmigs, am lg`gr rgeg y `cs xcitghf`cs, am lg`gr cdcrf``g. _gr memdp`g, m` tgdctm y `cs zcicjgrfcs lgitfmimi duljgs pfkdmitgs lcrgtfigfams. (QGDCQM)
@mulgp`cstgs
Mstgs p`cstgs sgi filg`grgs y sm `glc`fzci mi `c s læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms am ürkcigs ig mxpumstgs c `c `uz, tc`ms lgdg rcälms, rcäl ms, tunærlu`gs, smdf``cs y ürkcigs qum c`dclmici c`dfaüi.
·Lüdg sm mstfdc m` tcdcóg rmc` am uic læ`u`c7
_rglmafdfmitg 3. @g prfdmrg ms rmlgrtcr ui trgzg am pcpm` df`fdmtrcag. df` fdmtrcag. (3 ld) >. \mkufag, sm lg`glcdgs sgnrm ui pgrtcgnemtgs lgi uic kgtc am ckuc `umkg `g lunrfdgs
lgi ui lunrmgnemtgs. <. \m mihglc lgi m` gnemtfvg am dmigr cudmitg jcstc qum sm vmc lgi l`crfaca. (3?x) 1. Lgi m` gnemtfvg am 3?x, sm lumitc `gs lucargs qum sm pumami gnsmrvcr mi m` lcdpg am
vfsfüi, ms mstm lcsg humrgi 3.: lucarftgs, lgi `g luc` m` lcdpg am vfsfüi smrfc 3.:dd =. C lgitfiuclfüi, c msc lfhrc sm `c du`tfp`flc pgr 3??? pcrc lgivmrtfr`cs c dflrcs 3:?? u 8. ]ic vmz tmikcdgs m` lcdpg am vfsfüi `g afvfafdgs pcrc m` iõdmrg am læ`u`cs qum
tmikc `c dumstrc gntmifmiag csä m` tcdcóg am `c fdckmi.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
:. Mi m` lcsg qum qumrmdgs lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg rmc` am `c dumstrc, sm amnm afvfafr m`
tcdcóg am `c fdckmi pcrc m` cudmitg. (1x-3?x-1?x) Dmafdgs m` lcdpg am vfsfüi L.X Z 3??? 1x ↞ 1,= Z 3??? 4 1=?? u
/ #
3?x ↞ 3,: Z 3??? 4 3:?? u
4 ó ó
ó
ó
ó
ó
""
Dctmrfc`ms am `cngrctgrfg
Dflrgslgpfg
_`clcs pgrtc y lunrm gnemtgs
Nfsturä
Lmng``c
_fizcs
_cpc
Xfg`mtc am kmilfcic
Qgdctm
@ukg`
Dctmrfc`ms pcrc `c prãltflc
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Dumstrc #35 Læ`u`c am `c lmng``c (C``fud lmpc) _rglmafdfmitg 3. @cvcdgs `c lmng``c y lgi duljg lufacag lgi cyuac am` nfsturä, smpcrcrmdgs uic am
`cs lcpcs fitmrics am `c lmng``c (nu`ng) y jclmdgs ui pmqumóg lgrtm amsprmiafmiag `c mpfamrdfs cajmrfac mi `c lcrc lüilcvc am uig am ` gs pætc`gs. >. Mxtrcmdgs `c mpfamrdfs am `c lmng``c lgi m` usg am uic pfizc g lgi `c dcig. <. Lg`glcdgs `c mpfamrdfs mi m` pgrtcgnemtgs. (Hfk. 3) 1. @umkg prglmamdgs c vmrtmr dmafc kgtc am vfg`mtc am kmilfcic sgnrm `c mpfamrdfs am `c
lmng``c. Mspmrcdgs am < c = dfiutgs pcrc qum m` rmcltfvg vfmrtc mhmltg y unflcdgs m` lunrmgnemtgs. (Hfk. >) =. @`mvcdgs `c dumstrc c` dflrgslgpfg y `c lg`glcdgs lgrrmltcdmitm cp`flciag m` usg
lgrrmltg am mstm fistrudmitg. 8. Hfic`dmitm gnsmrvcdgs `c dumstrc am `c lctãhf`c am `c lmng``c mi m` dflrgslgpfg am
dmigr c dcygr cudmitg. (Hfk. <)
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Gnsmrvclfgims
Lgi m` gnemtfvg am dmigr cudmitg, mxcdficrmdgs `c prmpcrclfüi mitmrc, gnsmrvciag su hgrdc jmxcæarflc (mi lm`acs) y c`crkcacs qum milfmrrci m` iõl`mg. Mi 1x sm `gkrc afhmrmilfcr m` `ädftm dãs mxtmrig ms `c pcrma lm`u`cr, qum rgamc m` dctmrfc` vfvg am `c læ`u`c5 m` prgtgp`csdc. @c pcrtm qum rgamc tgag m` prgtgp`csdc y qum mstã mi lgitcltg lgi `c pcrma lm`u`cr, ms `c dmdnrcic lm`u`cr.
Qmefag mpfaærdflg am `c lmng``c vfstg amsam m` dflrgslgpfg lgi cudmitg am 1x.
Mi 3?x gnsmrvm lgi dcygr l`crfaca `c mpfamrdfs am `cs jgecs fitmrics am` nu`ng am `c lmng``c, sgi am hgrdc c`crkcac y ncstcitm krciam. @c dmdnrcic lm`u`cr lm`u`üsflc amstclc duy l`crc tmófac pgr m` rmcltfvg am vfg`mtc am kmilfcic. @gs iõl`mgs sgi krciams y duy vfsfn`ms. Mi m` lftgp`csdc sm afstfikumi c`kuics vclug`cs krciams aænf`dmitm lg`grmcacs.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Qcdcóg rmc` am `c læ`u`c am lmng``c.
@g prfdmrg ms lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg am `c fdckmi, afvfafmiag m` lcdpg am vfsfüi mi dflrcs pcrc m` iõdmrg am læ`u`cs gnsmrvcacs mi `c dumstrc am clumrag mi qum cudmitg mstæ.
1x ↞
1=?? 33
4 1?6 (ó )
3?x ↞
3:?? 1
4 1=? (ó )
_crc lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg rmc` am `c læ`u`c sm amnm afvfafr m` tcdcóg am `c fdckmi pcrc m` cudmitg.
Qcdcóg rmc` ↞
1?6 1
4 3?>,>= u
Qcdcóg rmc` ↞
1=? 3?
4 1= u 1= u
Dumstrc #>5 Læ`u`c am `c pcpc (\g`ciud tunmrgsud) _rglmafdfmitg
3. @cvcdgs `c pcpc y lgrtcdgs ui trgzg lgi m` nfsturä, cjgrc lgi duljg lufacag jcrmdgs ui lgrtm trcisvmrsc` mitrm m` dmsglcrpfg y m` mpflcrpfg gntmifmiag m` tmefag pcrmiqufdctgsg am `c pcpc. (Hfk. 1)
>. Lg`glcdgs `c dumstrc mi m` pgrtcgnemtgs. <. @umkg prglmamdgs c vmrtmr dmafc kgtc am @ukg` sgnrm `c dumstrc am `c pcpc.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
(Hfk. 1)
(Hfk. =)
Gnsmrvclfgims
Lgi m` gnemtfvg am dmigr cudmitg, mxcdficrmdgs `c prmpcrclfüi mitmrc, gnsmrvciag su hgrdc lcsf jmxckgic` (frrmku`cr) mi `cs luc`ms sm milumitrci `gs `mulgp`cstgs, pmrg lgi m` lg`gr gntmifag am` @ukg`. Mi 1x `gkrm gnsmrvcr c krci mslc`c m` pcræiqufdc am `c pcpc, `c luc` pgsmm ui krci iõdmrg am cdf`gp`cstgs ckrupcags mitrm sä sfi amecr mspclfgs.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Mi 3?x sm cprmlfc lgi krci l`crfaca y ui lg`gr lcrcltmrästflg am` @ukg` c `gs cdf`gp`cstgs lgi krãiu`gs am c`dfaüi am rmsmrvc, camdãs sm pumam gnsmrvcr su grkcifzclfüi mi hgrdc frrmku`cr lcsf rmagiac/jmxckgic` camdãs qum mstc mstã rgamcac pgr ags dmdnrcics, pgr lgisfkufmitm rmsc`tg, qum `c pcpc ms uig am `gs dcygrms tunærlu`gs qum pgsmmi krciams rmsmrvcs am c`dfaüi
CDF@G_@C\QG\
Qmefag pcrmiqufdctgsg am `c pcpc lgi cudmitg am 3?x.
Qcdcóg rmc` am `c læ`u`c
@g prfdmrg ms lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg am `c fdckmi, afvfafmiag m` lcdpg am vfsfüi mi dflrcs pcrc m` iõdmrg am læ`u`cs gnsmrvcacs mi `c dumstrc am clumrag mi qum cudmitg mstæ. 1=??
3:??
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Dumstrc #>5 Læ`u`c am` tgdctm (\g`ciud `ylgpmrsflud) _rglmafdfmitg
3. @cvcdgs m` tgdctm y prglmamdgs c lgrtcr`g pgr `c dftca, cjgrc lgi `c cyuac am` nfsturä rcspcdgs sgnrm m` dmsglcrpfg gntmifmiag csä ui pglg am `c pu`pc pu`pc am` tgdctm.
>. Lg`glcdgs `c dumstrc mi m` pgrtcgnemtgs sfi lg`glcr ckuc u gtrg rmcltfvg amnfag c qum `c pu`pc am tgdctm tfmim ui c`tg lgitmifag am ckuc pgr miam ig imlmsftc am ifikõi `äqufag pcrc su gnsmrvclfüi.
<. Lg`glcdgs milfdc ui lunrmgnemtgs y lgdprfdfdgs sucvmdmitm lgi `gs amags jcstc tmimr m` hrckdmitg am pu`pc am tgdctm cp`cstcac uifhgrdmdmitm. (Hfk. 8)
1. @`mvcdgs `c dumstrc gntmifac c` dflrgslgpfg y cp`flcdgs m` lgrrmltg usg am mstm fistrudmitg.
=. Hfic`dmitm gnsmrvmdgs `c dumstrc mi m` dflrgslgpfg am dmigr c dcygr cudmitg vfsuc`fzciag `gs afstfitgs grkãiu`gs lm`u`crms vfsfn`ms.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Gnsmrvclfgims
Lgi m` gnemtfvg am dmigr cudmitg, mxcdficrmdgs `c prmpcrclfüi mitmrc, gnsmrvciag su hgrdc rmagiac (frrmku`cr) mi `c luc` sm amtmltci c`kuigs lrgdgp`cstgs. Mi 1x sm `gkrc gnsmrvcr c krci mslc`c `cs læ`u`cs am` tgdctm y sm pumam igtcr qum sgi duy krciams camdãs qum mstãi sum`tcs mitrm sä (ig mstãi tci cprmtcacs).
Lrgdgp`cstgs am` tgdctm vfstg amsam ui dflrgslgpfg lgi cudmitg am 1x.
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Qcdcóg rmc` am `c læ`u`c am` tgdctm
@g prfdmrg ms lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg am `c fdckmi, afvfafmiag m` lcdpg am vfsfüi mi dflrcs pcrc m` iõdmrg am læ`u`cs gnsmrvcacs mi `c dumstrc am clumrag mi qum cudmitg mstæ.
1x ↞
1=?? 1
4 33>= ( )
3?x ↞
3:?? <
4 8??
(ó )
_crc lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg rmc` am `c læ`u`c sm amnm afvfafr m` tcdcóg am `c fdckmi pcrc m` cudmitg.
Qcdcóg rmc` ↞
33>= 1
4 >:3,>= u
Qcdcóg rmc` ↞
8?? 3?
4 8? u 8? u
Ciã`fsfs
@gs rmsu`tcags gntmifags mi m` lã`lu`g am` tcdcóg rmc` am `cs læ`u`cs vmkmtc`ms afhfmrmi am lcac dumstrc qum sm utf`fzü, sm lgdprgnü qum lgi mstc sfdp`m hgrdu`c
4
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Lgil`usfüi
Aurcitm `c rmc`fzclfüi am mstc prãltflc clmrlc am `c gnsmrvclfüi am læ`u`cs y m` usg am` dflrgslgpfg igs ac uic famc dãs l`crc clmrlc am `cs mstrulturcs am `gs vmkmtc`ms. \m lgdmizü cic`fzciag `cs læ`u`cs am grkcifsdgs ig tci ‐lgdp`megs— (lmng``c, pcpc y tgdctm). C mstcs sm `m ckrmkcrgi sustcilfcs (vfg`mtc am kmilfcic y @ukg`) pcrc pgamr tmimr uic dmegr cprmlfclfüi am sus mstrulturcs fitmrics, gtrcs mi lcdnfg ig imlmsftcrgi ifikõi rmcltfvg yc qum lumitci lgi ui c`tg lgitmifag am ckuc. Dm fdprmsfgig tcitg `c prfdmrc vmz qum gnsmrvm `c dumstrc am `c lctãhf`c am `c lmng``c yc qum iuilc pmisæ qum mi su fitmrfgr tmiäc uic mstrulturc y grkcifzclfüi lgdp`mec mi c`kg tci pmqumóg y hfig, am fkuc` dcimrc lgi m` tmefag pcrmiqufdctgsg am `c pcpc mi m` luc` gnsmrvm `gs cdf`gp`cstgs y mi `c pu`c am tgdctm `gs lrgdgp`cstgs. Camdãs cprmiaä c lc`lu`cr m` tcdcóg rmc` am `cs læ`u`cs mi vcrfgs cudmitgs mdp`mciag `c hgrdu`c mspmlähflc y utf`fzcr am dcimrc cprgpfcac m` dflrgslgpfg üptflg. Qgag `g rmc`fzcag igs nrfiac uic dmegr lgdprmisfüi am `c rmc`faca am` duiag am `c lftg`gkäc, ``mkciag c
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Emrmdy Fsrcm` _c`dc Lcrng kda6=8 (?=?>=> -???6)
Nfn`fgkrchäc
LgilmptgAmhfiflfgi. (3; am Eu`fg am >?31). LgilmptgAmhfiflfgi. LgilmptgAmhfiflfgi. Gntmifag am Amhfiflfüi am Qmefags Xmkmtc`ms5 jttp5//lgilmptgamhfiflfgi.am/tmefags-vmkmtc`ms/ Mspfigzc, D. C. (??6). Nfg`gkfc >??6). Nfg`gkfc Fitm`mltuc` . Gntmifag am N`gkspgt5 jttp5//nfg`gkfcfitm`mltuc`.n`gkspgt.lgd/>??6/?1/`gs-p`cstgs-p`cstfags-g-p`cstfafgssgi.jtd` ^unæi Jmriãiamz Kf`, _. (= am Hmnrmrg am >?3;). @fnrg >?3;). @fnrg Ngtciflc Gi`fim. Gi`fim. Gntmifag am jttp5//www.hgrmst.u`c.vm/~runmijk/lm`u`c/
L^FQM^FG\ AM MXC@]CLFGI LGD_ GD_^GDF\G F\G _M^ _M^\GIC@ MZ_@G _@G^CLFG CLFGII CIÃ@ CIÃ@F\ F\F\ F\ MXC@ XC@]CLFG CLFGII LGD]IFL IFLCLFÜI QGQC@ (> _]IQG\) (8 _]IQG\) (8 _]IQG\) (8 _]IQG\) (1 _]IQG\) (>1 _]IQG\)
