Tara Ayacucho - Manual de Control de Plagas

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   h  n   `   `  {   g   G  q   ð  f    a   k  m    u    b  g   k   c   g   u   s  g   k   c   k  p   u   s  n   `   c  {   n   y  u   g   u   y  g    b  g    b    a   s   u   @  g

3

@nfsunb ck ybgmgp q kfdkulkcgckp ck bg sgug

Pnbac NYC

Ju& 5 ck Lgqn 579 , Gqg`{`hn Skbádnfnp: (944! 073475 afdnIpnbacyku{&`nl }}}&pnbacyku{&`nl ACKPA Gqg`{`hn

Yunbnfmg`aðf Baekusgc 779; Skbádnfn: (944! 0778=4 ackpa^gqg`{`hnIskuug&`nl&yk

Yualkug kca`aðf" pksakleuk 5979 Saugjk: 7;99 kjklybgukp

Lðc{bn 3 @NFSUNB CK YBGMGP Q KFDKULKCGCKP CK BG SGUG

G[SNUKP Pnbac NYC

J{gf Ygebn @nfsukugp Uglìukz Dábax Skncnun @hçtkz Pnsn Unfgbc @{eg N`hng Kcmgu G`hgbblg @gqbbgh{g Capsh Yugcn M{abbkuh{g Tì`snu H{glçf M{saáuukz ]abbagl Mgbafcn H{glgfì  ACKPA Gqg`{`hn

Kc}af Gblkqcg N`hng @gubnp U& [fsatkunp Enfabbg Kbapkn W{afskun Snuukp Fkbpnf G& W{apyk Yugcn Dábax @{qg Lglgfa Yunc{`snp ckb Ygìp P&G&

Cagfg Mncnq Kpyafnzg Uktapaðf [FP@H , Dg`{bsgc ck @akf`agp Gmuguagp

Dugf`ap`n @nfck÷g Gblnug Kca`aðf q `nf`kysn muçda`n Pnbac NYC

Ua`gucn Euqgl @guugp`n Tgbbkjn

Bg `nf`uk`aðf ck kpsk cn`{lkfsn" hg pacn aly{bpgcn q backugcn ynu Pnbac NYC `nf bg ygusa`ayg`aðf ck ACKPA Gqg`{`hn q Yunc{`snp ckb Ygìp P&G&" kf kb lgu`n ckb @NUKSGUG Gqg`{`hn&

Yukpkfsg`aðf F{kpsug Lapaðf Pnbac NYC kp {fg Numgfazg`aðf Yuatgcg ck Ckpguunbbn w{k gpkpnug q dg`abasg kb ckpguunbbn pnpskfaebk ck `gckfgp yunc{`satgp q p{p g`snukp kf bg ukmaðf Gqg`{`hn" Ykuú&

Bg yukpkfsk `gusabbg hg pacn ckpguunbbgcg kf kb lgu`n ckb @nfpkjn Ukmanfgb ck bg Sgug Gqg`{`hn , @NUKSGUG" ynu bg fk`kpacgc ck bnp g`snukp ck bg `gckfg yunc{`satg ck sgug" kf kpyk`agb ck bnp yunc{`snu yunc{`snukp" kp" `nf kb nejksatn ck dnusgbk`ku bnp `nfn`alakfsnp q hgeabacgckp kf kb `nfsunb ck ybgmgp q kfdkulkcgckp ck ckb `{bsatn ck sgug" g`satacgckp gmunfðla`gp w{k kpykuglnp pk ukdbkjkf kf lkjnukp afmukpnp k`nfðla`np q lkjnukp `nfca`anfkp ck tacg ck bgp dglabagp yunc{`snugp& Ápsg `gusabbg `nfsakfk `nfn`alakfsnp q kxykuakf`agp ck yundkpanfgbkp" sá`fa`np q yunc{`snukp ck sgug kf bg ukmaðf Gqg`{`hn? ynu kpn" yug`sa`g bnp yun`kcalakfsnp" sá`fa`gp q uk`nlkfcg`anfkp kf s{ `hg`ug ygug neskfku {f lkjnu `uk`alakfsn" ckpguunbbn q lgqnukp ukfcalakfsnp ukfcalakfs np ck sgug q gpì lkjnugu bg `gbacgc q `gfsacgc ck s{ yunc{``aðf&

F{kpsug Lapaðf Yukpsglnp pkuta`anp ck ckpguunbbn klyukpguagb ck `gbacgc" dnusgbk`akfcn `gyg`acgckp klyukfckcnugp" ygug mkfkugu klybkn k afmukpnp pnpskfaebkp kf bg ynebg`aðf ck kp`gpnp uk`{upnp k`nfðla`np ck bg lg`unukmaðf&

[f gck`{gcn `nfsunb ykulask yuktkfau kb gsgw{k q ukc{`au bg ynebg`aðf ck ybgmgp q kfdkulkcgckp" ck lgfkug w{k fn ukyukpkfskf {f yunebklg gb gmua`{bsnu& Kb {pn ug`anfgb ck yunc{`snp gmunw{ìla`np ykulask `{acgu kb lkcan gleakfsk" yunskmakfcn yunskmakfcn g bnp afpk`snp ekfáda`np ygug kb gmua`{bsnu q" pneuk sncn" `{acgu bg pgb{c ck bnp yunc{`snukp q p{p dglabagp w{k l{`hgp tk`kp pnf gdk`sgcnp gdk`sgcnp ynu kb afgck`{gcn {pn q gblg`kfglakfsn ck yunc{`snp w{ìla`np&

  k   `    a   c   f    Ì [facgc cacç`sa`g 7: Yuaf`aygbkp ybgmgp 7&7& Y{b Y{bmnf mnfkp kp q ypìb ypìbbac bacnp np 7&5& 7& 5& Hn Hnul ulam amgg onoa onoa

[facgc cacç`sa`g 5: Yuaf`aygbkp kfdkulkcgckp 5&7& Naca{l 5&5& D{lgmafg 5&0& Pk`g Pk`g

[facgc cacç`sa`g 0: Ybgfsgp kyìdasgp

[facgc cacç`sa`g 3: Lgfkjn ck yunc{`snp gmunw{ìla`np 7& ¾W{á gmunw{ìla`np ckeklnp {sabazgu> 5& ¾@{çfcn q `ðln gyba`gu {f gmunw{ìla`n> 0& Kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf 3& Gblg`kfglakfsn ck gmunw{ìla`np ;& Lgfkjn ck kftgpkp tg`ìnp

[FACGC CACÇ@SA@G

Yuaf`aygbkp ybgmgp

7

[fg ybgmg kp `{gbw{aku kpyk`ak gfalgb n ybgfsg w{k `g{pg cg÷np g bnp `{bsatnp gmuì`nbgp&

Bgp yuaf`aygbkp ybgmgp ck bg sgug kf bg ukmaðf Gqg`{`hn pnf bnp y{bmnfkp" ypabbacnp q bg hnulamg onoa& Kpsgp ybgmgp gyguk`kf `{gfcn:

Hgq ybgfsgp ck sgug afdkpsgcgp `ku`g g f{kpsugp ybgfsg`anfkp&

Bg h{lkcgc q sklykugs{ug pnf dgtnugebkp ygug bg ybgmg&

Hgq lgbkzgp (hakuegp! kf f{kpsug `hg`ug&

@nfsgman

H{lkcgc q sklykugs{ug Hakuegp hnpykckugp

94

7

Y{bmnfkp q ypabba ypabbacnp cnp Pnf afpk`snp w{k pk gbalkfsgf ckb j{mn (pgtag! ck bgp hnjgp" eunskp" dbnukp q du{snp sakufnp ck bg sgug&

9=

Bnp cg÷np w{k `g{pgf bnp y{bmnfkp q ypìbbacnp pnf:

Yunc{`kf {fg lkbgzg gz{`gugcg pneuk bgp hnjgp" uglgp q sgbbnp&

Guu{mgf bgp hnjgp q eunskp sakufnp&

Sugplaskf kfdkulkcgckp kfsuk ybgfsgp& Uksugzg kb `uk`alakfsn ck bg ybgfsg& Lgbdnulg`aðf ck du{snp Lkfnu ykpn q sglg÷n ck du{snp&

98

Dnulg {fg lgf`hg fkmug bbglgcg d{lgmafg kf hnjgp" dbnukp q du{snp&

7&7&

Dnulgp ck `nfsunb g& @nfsunb `{bs{ugb Balyak duk`{kfsklkfsk bg hakueg w{k `uk`k j{fsn g bg sgug" ygug cgubk lgqnu gaukg`aðf g bgp ybgfsgp q ktasgu kb hnpykcgjk ck bnp y{bmnfkp q ypìbbacnp&

91

e& @nf @nfsun sunbb ksn ksnbðma bðma`n `n @nbnw{k ybçpsa`np ck `nbnu glguabbn n gz{b g bg gbs{ug ck bg `nyg ck bg sgug& Kpsnp `nbnukp gsugkf g bnp y{bmnfkp q ypìbbacnp& @gcg ybçpsa`n ckek pku ck 7 l ck bgumn X ;9 `l ck gf`hn& @nf {fg eun`hg" yafsk kb ybçpsa`n `nf kb g`kask gmuì`nbg" kpsn hg`k w{k bnp afpk`snp pk ykm{kf gb ybçpsa`n&

Ygug ybgfsgp mugfckp Glguuk kb ybçpsa`n g bgp uglgp q `nbnw{k 7 suglyg `gcg 79 lksunp&

7l ;9 `l

79

Ygug ybgfsgp ykw{k÷gp @nbnw{k 5 ygbnp ck 7&; l ck gbs{ug q glguuk kb ybçpsa`n& Ynfmg 7 suglyg `gcg 7; lksunp& ;l

7l ;9 `l 7&; l

7; l

79 l

77

`& @n @nfs fsun unbb w{ì w{ìla la`n `n

 Gybaw{k bnp yunc{`snp ck g`{kucn g bg cnpap afca`gcg kf bg ksaw{ksg&

D{lamgu `nf: @a`bðf" @aykuobaf"

Sadðf bìw{acn" Z{xaðf" Nf`nb" Gdapg`" P{ona" @{ek" g`kask gmuì`nbg tkmksgb" ckskumkfsk gmuì`nbg& Ygug bg gyba`g`aðf ckb `{ek: uklnjk

599 muglnp ck `{ek kf ynbtn kf ; basunp ck gm{g ynu sukp cìgp& Lkz`bk bnp ; basunp ck `{ek dkulkfsgcn kf {fg ln`habg ck 59 basunp&

@{acgcnp [pk kw{ayn ck yunsk``að yunsk``aðf f gb yukygugu  kb yunc{`sn q d{lamgu bgp ybgfsgp& Bnp yunc{`snp w{ìla`np ckekf m{gucgupk bkjnp ck bnp gbalkfsnp gbalkfsnp"" kf {f b{mgu pk`n q pkm{un&

75

5

Hnulamg onoa

Pnf afpk`snp `nusgcnukp ck hnjgp" w{k yukpkfsgf {fg numgfazg`aðf numgfaz g`aðf pn`agb `gug`skuazgcg ynu bg catapaðf ckb sugegjn ckfsun ck bg `nbnfag" kp ynu kbbn p{ gmukpatacgc q cadì`ab `nfsunb&

Bgp hnulamgp `nusgf hnjgp" dbnukp" uksn÷np" qklgp q du{snp sakufnp" gdk`sgfcn kb `uk`alakfsn q yunc{``aðf ck bgp ybgfsgp&

Kpsg ybgmg pk  yukpkfsg kf lgqnu  `gfsacgc kf áyn`gp ck bb{tag&

70

5&7&

Dnulgp ck `nfsunb

g& @nfsunb lk`çfa`n Ygug kb `nfsunb lk`çfa`n pk {sabazg kb d{kmn" ck bg pam{akfsk lgfkug:

[eaw{k kb facn q ckpkfsakuuk `nf l{`hn `{acgcn" ygug kbbn" {saba`k ygbg" ya`n n eguuksg& K`hk bg mgpnbafg ckfsun ckb facn& Yukfck d{kmn `nf l{`hn `{acgcn& Ukl{ktg kb facn `nf {f ygbn ygug w{k kb `nle{psaebk pamg w{klgfcn& Ukyasg kpsk yun`kcalakfsn hgpsg lgsgu g bg ukafg&

73

e& @nf @nfsun sunbb W{ì W{ìla` la`nn Ynbtnp pk`np

@kenp mugf{bgcnp

[eaw{k q geug kb facn hgpsg kf`nfsugu {fg

K`hgu {fn ck bnp pam{akfskp yunc{`snp kf kb

lgpg ebgf`g w{k kp kb gbalkfsn ck bg

uk`nuuacn gb facn:

hnulamg&

Dnulkm n dnulacnu: 5 g 0 `{`hgugcgp

Kpynbtnukk `nf gyunxalgcglkfsk 599

(59 , 09 muglnp! ynu facn&

muglnp ck Sadðf&

@ken lgsgonoa: 7 `{`hgugcg (79 , 59 muglnp!&

Bg gyba`g`aðf sgleaáf pk y{kck ukgbazgu

Ukmkfs: Lkz`bgu 3 `{`hgugcgp ck `çp`gug ck

`nf {f afp{dbgcnu&

fgugfjg ya`gcg `nf 7 lababasun ck Ukmkfs&

7;

Afpk`sa`acgp bìw{acnp [eaw{k bgp hnulamgp w{k bbktgf bgp hnjgp gb facn& Yafsk bg hnjgp ck 09 g 39 hnulamgp `nf Ukmkfs n D{ugcgf& Kpsn pk y{kck hg`ku `nf {f ykw{k÷n apnyn" eun`hg n jkuafmg ckp`gusgebk&

Bg gyba`g`aðf ck kpsnp yunc{`snp ckek hg`kupk `nf l{`hn `{acgcn ktasgfcn kb `nfsg`sn `nf bg lgfn& B{kmn ck skulafgu bg gyba`g`aðf bgtgupk bgp lgfnp `nf egpsgfsk gm{g q jgeðf&

74

[FACGC CACÇ@SA@G

Yuaf`aygbkp 5 Kfdkulkcgckp Bgp yuaf`aygbkp kfdkulkcgckp w{k gdk`sgf bg sgug pnf bg nacanpap" d{lgmafg q pk`gpk`g& Kpsgp kfdkulkcgckp gyguk`kf `{gfcn: Hgq hakuegp `nf kfdkulkcgckp& Ybgfsgp ck sgug cáeabkp& Kx`kpn ck h{lkcgc kf kb gleakfsk q p{kbn&

7=

7

5&7&

Nacanpap (ynbtabbn ebgf`n!

Bg nacanpap kp {fg kfdkulkcgc yunc{`acg ynu {f hnfmn w{k pk lgfadakpsg `nln ynbtn ebgf`n kf bgp hnjgp q du{snp ck bg ybgfsg&

Bnp cg÷np `g{pgcnp ynu kb nìca{l pnf: Glguabbglakfsn q `gìcg ck hnjgp ck bg ybgfsg& Pk cksakfk kb `uk`alakfsn q ckpguunbbn ck bg ybgfsg& Ckdnulg`aðf ck du{snp& Caplaf{qk bg yunc{``aðf&

78

Dnulgpp ck `nfsunb ck bg Nacanpap Dnulg g& @nf @nfsun sunbb Lk` Lk`çfa çfa`n `n Fn ybgfsgu egjn bg `nyg ck nsunp çuenbkp ygug ktasgu pnleugp q kb kx`kpn ck h{lkcgc& Ukgbazgu yncgp pgfasguagp (yncg ck uglgp kfdkulgp! yncgp ck ab{lafg`aðf q gaukg`aðf& Ckphakuegu ykulgfkfsklkfsk&

Fn ybgfsgu egjn bg `nyg ck nsunp çuenbkp

Ckphakuen ck lgbkzg w{k `uk`k j{fsn g bg sgug

Yncg pgfasguag ck uglgp kfdkulgp

e& @nfsun @nfsunbb `nf yunc{`sn yunc{`snpp w{ìla`np w{ìla`np Ygug yuktkfau kb cg÷n ck bg Nacanpap" Nacan pap" lkz`bk =; muglnp ck gz{duk

la`unfazgcn kf {fg ln`habg ck 7; basunp q d{lam{k bg sgug& @{gfcn kb cg÷n ck bg Nacanpap kp lgqnu" Lkz`bk Lkz`bk 7; lababasunp ck Snygz n Dnba`{u ynu ln`habg ck 7; basunp q d{lam{k bg sgug& 71

5

D{lgmafg D{l gmafg (lgf`hg fkmug!

Bg d{lgmafg kp {fg lgf`hg fkmug yguk`acg gb hnbbìf w{k `{euk bgp hnjgp" dbnukp q sgbbnp&

Bnp cg÷np `g{pgcnp ynu bg d{lgmafg pnf: Cksakfk kb `uk`alakfsn q ckpguunbbn ck bgp ybgfsgp& Ukc{`k bg yunc{``aðf ck du{snp& Yuntn`g bg `gìcg ck dbnukp& Lgbnmug bg `gbacgc ckb du{sn&

Bg d{lgmafg kp {fg `nfpk`{kf`ag ckb nuafk c{b`k ck bnp y{bmnfkp q ypìbbacnp&

59

Dnulgp ck `nfsunb ck bg D{lgmafg g& @n @nfs fsun unbb @{bs @{bs{u {ugb gb Ckphakuegu ykulgfkfsklkfsk y kulgfkfsklkfsk&& Yncgu bgp uglgp kfdkulgp (yncg pgfasguag!&

e& @nf @nfsun sunbb W{ì W{ìla` la`nn @{gfcn ackfsadaw{k bnp cg÷np `g{pgcnp ynu bg D{lgmafg" {saba`k {fn ck bnp pam{akfskp yunc{`snp w{ìla`np: Lkz`bk 7;9 muglnp ck gz{duk la`unfazgc la`unfazgcn n lçp 59 muglnp ck ckskumkfsk gmuì`nbg ynu ln`habg ck 7; basunp q d{lam{k bg sgug& Lkz`bk 7; lababasunp ck afpk`sa`acg Hnno ynu ln`habg ck 7; basunp q d{lam{k bg sgug& Lkz`bk 59 lababasunp ck Cksku [y ygug {fg ln`habg ck 7; basunp q d{lam{k bg sgug&

 Paklyuk {pk kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf `{gfcn ukgba`k bg lkz`bg q  `{gfcn d{lamg&

57

0

Pk`g pk`g n ck`galakfsn

Kp {fg kfdkulkcgc yunc{`ac yunc{`acg g ynu tguanp hnfmnp w{k pk kf`{kfsugf kf kb p{kbn k afmukpgf ynu bgp ugì`kp ck bgp ybgfsgp cáeabkp&

Bnp cg÷np `g{pgcnp ynu bg Pk`g Pk`g pnf: Ckeacn g bg y{cua`aðf ck bg ugìz" bnp çuenbkp ck sgug tgf ykucakfcn tamnu" pk lgu`hasgf q l{kukf& Bg egpk ckb sgbbn yuaf`aygb pk y{cuk" pk gmuaksg bg `nuskzg q pk ckpyukfck& @{gfcn gsg`g g ybgfsgp ykw{k÷gp q cáeabkp bg l{kusk kp lçp uçyacg&

55

Dnulgp ck `nfsunb ck bg Pk`g Pk`g g& @nf @nfsun sunbb @{b @{bs{u s{ugb gb Hg`ku {f lnfsì`{bn ck sakuug gbukckcnu ckb sgbbn yuaf`aygb ygug ktasgu kb `nfsg`sn cauk`sn ckb gm{g ck uakmn `nf kb sgbbn&

Skfku `{acgcn ck fn cg÷gu bgp ugì`kp `nf bgp hkuuglakfsgp gb hg`ku kb gfabbn ck uakmn q genfglakfsn&

Bgp uga`abbgp w{k gepnuekf bnp f{suakfskp q kb gm{g pnf p{ykuda`agbkp? ynu kpn kb gfabbgcn fn ckek pku l{q yund{fcn&

50

e& @nf @nfsun sunbb W{ìla` W{ìla`nn Fa eakf ackfsadaw{k pìfsnlgp ck bg Pk`g Pk`g" {saba`k {fn ck bnp pam{akfskp yunc{`snp w{ìla`np: Lkz`bk 39 muglnp ck d{fma`acg Gbakssk ynu {fg ln`habg ck 7; basunp& Gybaw{k gb dnbbgjk q `{kbbn ck bg ybgfsg& Lkz`bk 7; lababasunp ck d{fma`acg Pynusgo ynu ln`habg ck 7; basunp& Gybaw{k gb dnbbgjk q `{kbbn ck bg ybgfsg&

Bnp d{fma`acgp pk ckekf gyba`gu g bg `nyg q `{kbbn ck bg ybgfsg&

53

Ugìz ck ybgfsg ck sgug `nf Pk`g Pk`g

3

Ybgfsgp Kyìdasgp

Bg Yg`hgyg`hg" H{k``nfsn q Bìw{kfkp pnf ybgfsgp kyadasgp w{k tatkf pneuk bg `nuskzg ck bg sgug& Kpsgp ybgfsgp pk nepkutgf lgqnulkfsk kf ybgfsgp ck sgug pabtkpsukp& Yg`hgyg`hg

Bnp cg÷np `g{pgcnp ynu bgp ybgfsgp kyadasgp pnf: Yunc{`kf ckeabasglakfsn q l{kusk ck uglgp q sunf`np& Alyackf bg dnulg`aðf ck f{ktgp hnjgp kf bgp uglgp& Ukc{`kf bg yunc{``aðf ck bg ybgfsg&

H{k``nfsn

@{gfcn fn pk `nfsunbg n`gpanfgf bg l{kusk ck bgp uglgp&

Bìw{kfkp

5;

Dnulgp ck `nfsunb ck ybgfsgp kyìdasgp Ygug kxsugku kxsugku bg Yg`hgyg`hg q H{k``nfsn {sabazg {f mgf`hn glguugcn g {f ygbn bgumn& Ygug ugpygu bnp Bìw{kfkp" {sabazg {fg ugpw{ksg glguugcg g {f ygbn bgumn& Kf ybgfsgp kxsuklgcglkfsk gdk`sgcgp gdk`sgcgp ukgbazgu bg yncg pgfasguag n {fg yncg ck ukfntg`aðf&

Kb `nfsunb kpsg nuakfsgcn g bg caplaf{`aðf ck bgp `nbnfagp q pklabbgp ck bgp ybgfsgp kyìdasgp&

Ukgbazgu kb `nfsunb `{acgfcn ck fn cg÷gu bgp uglabbgp q eunskp sakufnp ck bg sgug& Ukgbazgu kpsg bgenu kfsuk gmnpsn q n`s{euk" gfskp w{k bgp ybgfsgp k`hkf pklabbgp&

54

Ugpw{ksg glguugcg g {f ygbn bgumn ygug ugpygu bnp bìw{kfkp

Yncg ck ukfntg`aðf q gyba`g`aðf ck ygpsg `a`gsuazgfsk Yncg pgfasguag ck uglgp kfdkulgp

5=

[FACGC CACÇ@SA@G

0

Lgfkjn ck yunc{`snp gmunw{ìla`np Kb lgfkjn kp kb {pn gck`{gcn ck yunc{`snp gmunw{ìla`np" skfakfcn kf `{kfsg kb lnlkfsn nynus{fn" bg `gfsacgc gck`{gcg" duk`{kf`ag ck gyba`g`aðf" kb kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf q bnp `{acgcnp ynpskuanukp gb lgfkjn&

58

Ygug yuktkfau kb gsgw{k ck ybgmgp q kfdkulkcgckp ktgbúg ykulgfkfsklkfsk s{ `hg`ug ygug pgeku `{çfcn gyba`gu {f gmunw{ìla`n" ynu w{k:

@{gfcn fn lgfkjgp gck`{gcglkfsk bnp yunc{`snp gmunw{ìla`np" bgp ybgmgp q kfdkulkcgckp pk t{kbtkf lçp ukpapskfsk ukpapskfskp& p& Caplaf{qkp bg `nfsglafg`aðf q `{acgp kb lkcan gleakfsk&

Uk`{kucg  yuktkfau kp lkjnu w{k `{ugu&

51

7

¾W{á gmunw{ìla`np ckekp {sabazgu> Ck yukdkukf`ag {sabazg gmunw{ìla`np ck ksaw{ksg glguabbg q gz{b& Fn {saba`kp gmunw{ìla`np ck ksaw{ksg unjg ynuw{k pnf l{q sðxa`np&

@gskmnuìg snxa`nbðma`g snxa`nbðma`g ck bnp gmunw{ìla`np @GSKMNUAG SNXA@NBÐMA@G Ag , Ae

L[Q SÐXA@N

@GSKMNUAG SNXA@NBÐMA@G AA

CG×AFN

@GSKMNUAG SNXA@NBÐMA@G AAA

@[ACGCN

09

5

Kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf

Bnp gmunw{ìla`np afmukpgf g f{kpsun `{kuyn g sugtáp ck bg yakb q bg fguaz `g{pgfcn afsnxa`g`anfkp afsn xa`g`anfkp q kfdkulkcgckp" ynu kpn kp alynusgfs alynusgfsk k {sabazgu kb kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf" `nln:

M{gfskp

Mgdgp n bkfskp ck yunsk``aðf Lçp`gug `nf dabsun Ensgp ck jkek Sugjk alykulkgebk `nlybksn pneuk bg unyg ck sugegjn 07

0

¾@{çfcn gyba`gu {f gmunw{ìla`n> @{gfcn bnp `nfsunbkp yuktkfsatnp fn pnf p{da`akfskp" q bgp ybgmgp n kfdkulkcgckp pk af`uklkfsgf" kp lnlkfsn ck ukgbazgu kb `nfsunb w{ìla`n&

Kb `nfsunb w{ìla`n kp bg úbsalg gbskufgsatg ck `nfsunb&

Gfskp ck gyba`gu {f gmunw{ìla`n" ktgbúg s{ `hg`ug& Yualkun" e{p`g kf s{ `hg`ug ybgfsgp ck sgug `nf ybgmgp n kfdkulkcgckp q gyba`g {fn ck bnp pam{akfskp `nfsunbkp: `nfsunbkp:

g& @nf @nfsun sunbb yuktkf yuktkfsat satnn Ygug yuktkfau bg gygua`aðf n g{lkfsn ck ybgmgp q kfdkulkcgckp ukgbazg bgenukp gmunfðla`gp `nln: ckphakuenp" uakmnp" genfglakfsn q yncgp& Pa tkp lçp ck 0 ybgfsgp `nf cg÷np `g{pgcnp ynu ybgmgp n kfdkulkcgckp" {sabazg bg cnpap lìfalg uk`nlkfcgcg kf bg ksaw{ksg ckb yunc{`sn&

05

e& @nf @nfsun sunbb `{ugsat `{ugsatnn Pa tkp lçp ck ; ybgfsgp cg÷gcgp kf s{ `hg`ug" {sabazg gmunw{ìla`np ygug ukc{`au bgp ynebg`anfkp ck ybgmgp n kfdkulkcgckp& [pg bg cnpap uk`nlkfcgcg kf bg ksaw{ksg ckb yunc{`sn& [sabazg gmunw{ìla`np kpyk`ìda`np ygug fn lgsgu g bnp afpk`snp ekfáda`np&

3

¾@ðln gyba`gu bnp gmunw{ìla`np> Pa kb gm{g ygug d{lamgu kp {f yn`n pgbgcg (gb`gbafg! ynfbk `nuuk`snukp ck gm{g&

[sabazg paklyuk kb kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf& @NUUK@SNU CK GM[G GB@GBAFG

Yukygug bg cnpap pkmúf bgp afca`g`anfkp ck bg ksaw{ksg ckb yunc{`sn&

Ck yukdkukf`ag gyba`g ckpck bgp ; hgpsg bgp 79 ck bg lg÷gfg&

F  n   75 77

7

G    y   b     a      

`     

79

g     

5

1

u        

0

8

3 ;

= 4

00

;

¾Cðfck q `ðln m{gucgu  bnp gmunw{ìla`np>

Bnp gmunw{ìla`np ckekf m{gucgupk bkjnp ck bg hgeasg`aðf dglabagu"" kf {f b{mgu pkm{un" dukp`n q tkfsabgcn& dglabagu Ckekf kpsgu pkygugcnp ck bgp pklabbgp" dnuugjkp" yunc{`snp `npk`hgcnp q dkusabazgf dkusabazgfskp& skp&

GBLG@ÁF CK YBGM[A@ACGP

Kb b{mgu ckek kpsgu d{kug ckb gb`gf`k ck bnp fa÷np q gfalgbkp& Pk÷gbazgu kb b{mgu `nf dam{ugp w{k ukyukpkfskf: ukyukpkfsk f: YKBAMUN" TKFKFN" FN EKEKU" FN @NLKU& Bnp yunc{`snp kf ynbtn q mugf{bgcnp pk gblg`kfgf kf bg ygusk p{ykuanu ckb kpsgfsk& Bnp yunc{`snp bìw{acnp pk gblg`kfgf kf bg ygusk egjg&

03

YKBAMUN

FN D[LGU

Gukfg

FN FA×NP

4

¾@ðln pk hg`k kb suaybk bgtgcn ck bnp kftgpkp ck gmunw{ìla`np tg`ìnp> 7

5

0

@{gfcn pk g`gek kb `nfskfacn ckb kftgpk" bbkfg ² ck p{ `gyg`acgc `nf gm{g balyag&

@akuug eakf kb kftgpk q gmìsgbn `nf d{kuzg c{ugfsk 09 pkm{fcnp&

Tg`ìg kb kfj{gm{k kf bg ln`habg ck d{lamg`aðf hgpsg w{k `gamg bg úbsalg mnsg&

²

09

pkm{fcnp

0;

Ckpy{áp ck hg`ku kb suaybk bgtgcn" ykudnug kb kftgpk ygug fn tnbtku g {pgubn&

Gblg`kfg bnp kftgpkp tg`ìnp" ck yukdkukf`ag kf `gjgp ck `gusðf n kf enbpgp ck dkusabazgfskp bgtgcnp" kf {f b{mgu l{q pkm{un&

D{lamg `nf kb gmunw{ìla`n lkz`bgcn `nf bnp ukpsnp ckb suaybk bgtgcn&

04

@{acgcnp ygug gyba`gu gmunw{ìla`np

YUNHAEACN KB AFMUKPN CK FA×NP" KLEGUGZGCGP  Q GF@AGFNP

Bgp l{jkukp klegugzgc klegugzgcgp" gp" fa÷np q gf`agfnp fn ckekf kpsgu `ku`g ck bgp znfgp cnfck pk gyba`gf gmunw{ìla`np&

Fn gybaw{k `{gfcn hgq takfsnp fa bb{tagp&

Fn afmukpgu gb `{bsatn aflkcagsglkfsk ckpy{áp ck bg gyba`g`aðf&

0=

[fg tkz skulafgcg bg gyba`g`aðf" bgtk `nf gm{g q jgeðf bg ln`habg ck  d{lamgu q kb kw{ayn ck yunsk``aðf: pnleukun" mgdgp" m{gfskp" lgp`guabbg" ensgp" sugjk" alykulkgebk alykulkgebk&&

  Gb skulafgu ck d{lamgu" eg÷gupk `nf ge{fcgfsk gm{g q jgeðf ck unyg&

Uk`nlkfcg`anfkp Bbktgu {f ukmapsun ck gyba`g`aðf ck gmunw{ìla`np kf kb `{bsatn&  Pa sakfk gbm{fg c{cg" `nfp{bsk `nf {f kpyk`agbaps kpyk`agbapsg& g&

08

Hnulamg ukafg" neukugp q lg`hnp gc{bsnp

Bkqkfcn bgp afca`g`anfkp" cnpap q uk`nlkfcg`anfkp ckb yunc{`sn

Gblg`kfglakfsn gck`{gcn ck yunc{`snp w{ìla`np 01

Yuktkfau kp lkjnu w{k `{ugu 

Kb `nfsunb w{ìla`n kp bg úbsalg gbskufgsatg ck `nfsunb& Ck yukdkukf`ag ukgbazg bgenukp gmunfðla`gp yuktkfsatgp" `nln ckphakuen" uakmn" genfglakfsn q yncg ygug `{acgu kb lkcan gleakfsk q yunskmku  g bnp afpk`snp glamnp ckb yunc{`snu&