Solucionari Student's book Advanced Contrast 2n Batx

Student’s Book Answer Key

1

Getting Started page 4

3 1. h

READING

1 It is going to be a very busy year because the writer is on the yearbook committee.

2 1. c

2. b

3 1. The purpose of a yearbook is to honour the graduating

class. 2. The People section includes portrait photos of the graduating students as well as comments about their personal accomplishments and their plans for the future. 3. Because students pass their yearbooks around to their friends and write notes to each other. 4. In the past, black and white yearbooks had to be produced by hand, but now online publishers can be used to make more attractive and colourful books. 5. A yearbook has nothing to do with schoolwork because it isn’t a book to learn from, but has a lot to do with school because it honours the school year. 6. Ellen thinks that yearbooks aren’t necessary because there are plenty of social networking sites that can take the place of yearbooks.

4 1. volunteer 2. widespread 3. souvenir

4. achievements 5. hectic

2. anxious 3. appreciate 4. doubt 5. praise

2. down 3. up 4. off / on / up / down 5. after

6. out 7. on 8. out 9. in / on 10. out

5 Positive success, relief, kindness, happiness, bargain, courage, breakthrough, attraction Negative threat, fear, gangs, disadvantage, ignorance, fake, violence, crime

6 1. impossible 4. unnecessary 2. distrust / mistrust 5. imperfect 3. independent 6. inaccurate 4. valuable 5. friendships

page 6

VOCABULARY 1 1. customer

4 1. up / off

7 1. discussions 2. creative 3. decision

page 5

2. e 3. b / a / h 4. i 5. m 6. j 7. a

8. g 9. l 10. d 11. n 12. f 13. c 14. k

GRAMMAR 6. outstanding 7. charity 8. dull 9. strength 10. lifestyle

Present Tenses and Past Tenses

2 Describing people: moody, intolerant, muscular,

Sentence 1: Present Simple; Present Continuous Sentence 2: Present Simple Sentence 3: Past Simple Sentence 4: Past Continuous

stubborn, brave Describing objects: well made, overpriced, out of date, brand-new Describing places: breathtaking, deserted, rural, hilly, steep Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

2

Student’s Book | Answer Key Usage: Present Simple is used to describe a routine or repeated action; Present Continuous is used to describe an action that is happening at the present moment or a process that is still taking place. Past Simple is used to describe an action that was completed in the past. Past Continuous is used to describe a past action that was in process at a certain time in the past.

page 7

1 1. saw

Sentence 1: Future Simple Usage: Used when talking about predictions and sudden decisions.

2. were cycling 3. love 4. like 5. didn’t do

6. are starting 7. are … doing 8. were 9. ’m thinking 10. have

2 Possible Answers

1. ... and told me the news. 2. ... while I was taking an exam. 3. ... and now I’m calling him back. 4. ... but I didn’t answer. 5. ... although he usually calls in the evening. 6. ... but I didn’t have time to talk then. 7. ... because he wasn’t feeling well. 8. ... and I’m still thinking about what he told me.

3 1. What film did they see last night? (c)

2. What were you and Jim laughing about during lunch? (e) 3. How often do you go to the cinema? (b) 4. Did Diane break her toe while she was skating? (f) 5. What are you wearing to the party tomorrow night? (a) 6. Are you meeting Dan at the shopping centre right now? (d)

4 1. do ... celebrate 2. are dancing 3. do 4. decided

5. began 6. started 7. were dancing 8. managed

5 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

Perfect Simple Tenses

Sentence 1: Present Perfect Simple Sentence 2: Past Perfect Simple The past participle is used in both tenses.

Future Tenses

Sentence 2: be going to Usage: Used to describe a future plan or an action that is about to happen. Sentence 3: Future Continuous Usage: Used to describe an action that will be taking place at a certain time in the future. Sentence 4: Future Perfect Usage: used to describe an action completed at a certain time in the future.

6 1. She has never stayed with us before.

2. I have already had drawing lessons. 3. I haven’t heard from him since July. 4. She knew that she hadn’t studied enough. 5. By the time I arrived, the lesson had started. 6. She has been a teacher for 15 years.

7 1. A: Is … going to be

2. A: are going out 3. A: will have 4. A: am going to leave / ’ll leave

B: will … send B: ’ll phone B: am going to work B: won’t need

8 Possible Answers

9

1. In less than a year, the students will have graduated from school. 2. By the end of November, they will have moved to their new flat. 3. At this time tomorrow, he will be trying out for the football team. 4. During their holiday, they will be travelling in Africa. 5. By this time next week, they will have finished their history project. 1. had been 2. had passed 3. have changed 4. has improved

Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

5. will have already spent 6. will have 7. are going to install 8. will be riding

3

Student’s Book | Answer Key

10

1. Our music teacher never gives tests. 2. Do you think schools will have changed much by 2025? 3. We hadn’t known Lynda until a few days ago. 4. At three o’clock on Saturday afternoon I will be looking after my nephew. 5. I called her while she was talking to her boyfriend. 6. George had written his essay by the time his friends came round. 7. Is she going to / going to go to university next year? 8. I bought this backpack in 2009.

page 8

skills PRACTICE Listening

1 1. b

2. c 3. a

2 1. c

2. b 3. c

3 1. Both 2. Both 3. Emily

4. Alex 5. Emily 6. Both

Speaking

4 1. Long time no see! 2. What’s up? 3. And what about you? 4. How was it? 5. What did you do there? 6. Did you meet anybody interesting? 7. Did you do anything special this summer? 8. Was it boring? 9. I have to go. 10. See you later.



4

UNIT 1

A Way with Words

page 9

page 11

1 The cartoons are all about the use of language/s.

5 1. True

Accept all logical answers relating to students’ favourite cartoons.

6 1. In lines 14-15 we can find an example of a spelling

Specifically, cartoons 4 and 5 relate to foreign languages.

Topic Vocabulary Language

2 1. b

2. c

3. e

4. d

5. a

3 1. You don’t want me to go.

2. You discuss it. 3. rudely 4. superior 5. You persuade me to do it. 6. You succeed.

R EADING 2 Identifying the Main Idea 3. paragraph VI 4. paragraph III

5. paragraph II 6. paragraph V

3 1. The purpose of Deck and Herson’s trip was to correct

typographical errors on signs in public places across the United States. 2. Meeting his old friends gave Deck the idea for the trip because he realised that they had accomplished great things but he hadn’t achieved much in life. So if he wanted to make a difference with his degree in creative writing, he could correct the mistakes he had seen over the years in signs. 3. Deck and Herson felt a sense of satisfaction when they corrected a mistake and were able to take a photograph of the correction. 4. They altered a historic hand-painted sign at the Grand Canyon. 5. They would like other people who are also concerned about mistakes to correct mistakes when they find them.

4 1. b

4. False

5. True

mistake in a large sign in Ohio: Tina’s Diner and Restuarant. In line 18 we can find another example of a spelling mistake: coffee, tea and deserts. 2. In line 17 we can find an example of incorrect punctuation: Women’s and Mens Shoes. In lines 18-19 we can find an example of incorrect punctuation in a sign outside a spa: Let,s Relax!

page 10

1. paragraph IV 2. paragraph I

3. False

7 1. set out (line 1)


2. False

2. directed (line 16) 3. account (line 21)

4. sense (line 41) 5. altering (line 45) 6. are aware (line 58).

Advanced Language 1. whichever 3. wherever 2. whenever 4. whatever

5. Whoever

8 Possible Answers I don’t think the shopkeepers were right to feel annoyed with them because they were only trying to help and improve the quality of their signs. page 12

VOCABULARY Words from the Text

1

1. class discussions / grammar exercises 2. university / course 3. house / farm 4. take medicine / have treatments 5. when the shop is open / what’s on sale 6. food prices / unemployment 7. supermarket / hospital

2. d Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

5


2 1. good-natured

page 14

5. join 6. degree 7. provide 8. advertises

2. attempting 3. raises questions 4. worthwhile

GRAMMAR Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Suffixes

3 Nouns: championship, pollution, annoyance,

announcement, activity, loneliness Adjectives: upsetting, doubtful, countless, sensitive, suitable, humorous, sensible

4 valuable, massive, truthful, statement, leadership, mysterious, equality, dedication

5 1. dedication

Sentences 1 and 3.

1 1. has been acting

2. Have … been listening 3. had been teaching 4. have been doing

Advanced Language

2. had finished 2. have just started 3. have been trying 3. had been looking 4. had been looking 4. will (’ll) have learned 5. will (’ll) have finished

Advanced Language

1. sensible 2. sensitive

page 13

page 15

skills PRACTICE 1

1. spoken 2. more slowly 3. teaching 4. 4% 5. good jobs

6. reading, writing skills 7. computers, documents 8. time, money 9. pronunciation 10. origins / roots

Speaking

2

1 has eaten

4

Listening

1

5. hadn’t been paying 6. have been talking 7. hadn’t been feeling 8. had been trying

2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 3 A. 1. has offered B. 1. have been studying

5. statement 6. massive 7. truthful 8. leadership

2. mysterious 3. equality 4. valuable

Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

1. have ever made 2. had misspelled 3. had been driving 4. had gone Answer: Capri

5. have ... been using 6. had just invented 7. had been discussing 8. have known Answer: Google

9. had made 10. had spelled 11. had already produced 12. have been using 13. has complained Answer: Chile

2. has been eating

5 1. Have ... heard

5. had ... been experimenting 2. have said 6. have been trying / have tried 3. had been thinking 7. have recorded 4. had decided 8. will have become

6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

6

Student’s Book | Answer Key Grammar Review

Listening

7 1. What does this word mean?

4 1. a

2. Jennifer has been working on her essay since ten o’clock. 3. We are going to correct mistakes on signs. 4. Deck and Herson had lots of adventures while they were travelling. 5. We had been doing the role play for ten minutes when / before the teacher told us to stop. 6. The post has just arrived. 7. Will Chinese have replaced English as the international language by 2050? 8. He translated the article after he had read it carefully. / After reading the article carefully, he translated it.

page 16

skills PRACTICE 2 Topic Vocabulary Communication

1 1. have a heart-to-heart talk

2. gossip 3. quarrel 4. whisper 5. apologise 6. make a speech 7. out loud

2 1. d

2. c

3. a

Advanced Language

lose heart: lose hope learn by heart: learn or know from memory take heart from: get courage from something at heart: a person’s real nature put your heart into: to make a big effort or to be seriously committed to something

3 Positive: amused, amazed

Negative: disappointed, jealous, upset

Possible Additional Answers Positive: happy, glad, calm, relaxed, comfortable, thrilled, grateful, impressed, satisfied, pleased, fascinated, elated, relieved, delighted, overjoyed Negative: angry, sad, bored, anxious, confused, embarrassed, furious, annoyed, envious, depressed, confused, disturbed, shocked, terrified, frightened, irritated, disillusioned

4. c

5. b

6 She remains in contact with them. 7


page 17 Speaking Talking about a Picture

8 1. In the background there are shelves with books.

This seems to be a classroom or a library. 2. The man on the left-hand side of the picture is probably a teacher. 3. At the front we can see the teacher’s desk. 4. The people in the picture are young. They look like students. 5. It looks like they’re listening to the teacher. 6. They look amused. Perhaps the teacher is telling a joke. 7. I guess the students are about 18 years old. 8. You can tell that they’re enjoying the lesson.

5. b

3. c

5 a, b, d, f

9

4. e

2. b

1. physical objects: sentences 1 and 3 2. people: sentences 2, 4 and 7 3. actions: sentences 5, 6 and 8

TA S K Possible Answers Picture A The girls in the picture are teenagers. I suppose they are friends. They are sitting in a café, chatting. In the background, there are shops, so they are probably in a shopping centre. They seem to be having a good time. Perhaps they are celebrating a birthday. Picture B The people in the picture are company employees. In the background, there’s a large screen with figures. It looks like the men are arguing with the woman. Perhaps she is blaming them for making a bad decision. I think the argument is going to get worse and there will be lots of yelling.


7

Student’s Book | Answer Key page 18

page 20

WRITING

language consolidation

An Informative Essay

1 1. activity

1

1. It’s an invented language spoken by characters (elves) in a series of books. 2. Tolkien developed the language from 1910 to his death in 1973. / Some Elvish dialects are based on Finnish, others are closer to the Welsh language. / Elvish has its own alphabet. / Elvish letters have specific pronunciation. The success of the Lord of The Rings films. 3. It’s part of an amazing fantasy world; it’s fun to read even if you don’t want to learn how to speak it. Connectors of Cause and Result

2 Connectors of cause

since (paragraph II), due to (paragraph III) Connector of result therefore (paragraph III)

2

2. suitable 3. massive 4. championship 5. unusual

6. players 7. ignorance 8. disadvantage 9. unimportant 10. successful

1. is going to give a 2. has been here since 3. will have talked him 4. have been quarrelling for 5. having a heart-to-heart 6. he had been studying all 7. had talked me into 8. we will be watching

page 19

3 1. c

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. c

4 1. We have different accents as we grew up in different

regions. 2. People couldn’t understand each other. Consequently, they stopped building the Tower of Babel. 3. Karin wants to learn Elvish, so she is taking an online course. 4. Chris is bilingual. For this reason, he can become a translator. 5. People find it hard to learn English due to its complicated grammar rules. / People find it hard to learn English due to the fact that it has complicated grammar rules.

Advanced Language

5


TA S K

An Informative Essay



8

UNIT 2

Advert Alert


page 21

page 23

1 Possible Answers

5 1. In traditional advertising, TV programmes are

I agree with the quotation. Advertising makes us believe that we need a lot of stuff and some people get into debt buying things that they don’t really need. I disagree. I think adverts just show us what’s new and available – in the end, it’s up to us whether or not we buy it. I think TV adverts are the most effective. They’re often funny or clever and can be fun to watch – everyone has their favourite TV ad. I think large billboards are very effective, because they usually have eye-catching, interesting images. Topic Vocabulary Finances

4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. page 22

reading 2 Identifying the Author’s Purpose c

3 1. c

2. b

2. False 3. False

2. survey (line 19) 3. claim (line 25)

4. associated with (line 39) 5. prevent (line 54) 6. exaggerated (line 56)

1. lead to: to culminate; to end in 2. lead: to be in charge of 3. skip: to miss 4. skip: to jump; to bounce

7

Possible Answers

Yes, I think product placement is a good form of advertising since watching adverts can be a waste of time. No, product placement isn’t right because people are being unconsciously influenced by advertising. Product placement is unfair and deceptive to consumers. page 24

3. b

4 1. False

Advanced Language

5. €1,800 6. €139 7. €15

2. €5 3. €200 4. €35

Accept all logical answers.

3 1. €40

6 1. constantly (line 2)

2 Sentence 4

interrupted with adverts. (lines 11-12) 2. In product placement, products are integrated into the actual TV shows. (lines 13-14) 3. Product placement is now common because people are paying less attention to adverts. (lines 18-19) 4. At major sports events, sponsors pay to advertise their brands. (lines 47-49) 5. Olympic organisers made journalists conceal the brand names of their laptops as a way of preventing ambush marketing. (lines 56-59) 6. At the next Olympics, the marketing race may be as exciting as the athletic competitions. (lines 60-62)

Vocabulary 4. True 5. False 6. True

Words from the Text

1 Possible Answers

1. Nobody saw them. 2. He produces / writes TV shows. 3. It cost more than they wrote in the advert. 4. It’s his worst / least favourite subject. 5. They’re all well-known people. 6. It’s a good thing that it didn’t happen. 7. They chose the winners.


9


2 1. marketplace

3 The survey asked if …

5. major 6. advert 7. willing 8. Instead of

2. trend 3. advertising 4. exposure

Verb Collocations

3

ay a visit / the price / (your) own way p keep track of / a secret / (me) company / a promise / in mind

4 1. keep in mind

5. keep me company 6. paid the price 7. pay her own way 8. keeping track of

2. pay a visit 3. keep a promise 4. keep a secret

page 25

skills PRACTICE 1 Listening

1 1. a

2. a

3. c

4. c

5. b

4 Possible Answers Eight students admitted that they clicked on online adverts more than once a day. Eighteen students believed that some adverts could be described as entertaining. Six students said that there weren’t too many adverts on TV. Sixteen students agreed that adverts should be banned from cinemas. Thirteen students claimed they hadn’t been influenced to buy something by an advert. page 27

Speaking


GRAMMAR

5 1. worked

Reported Speech

1. a statement 2. a question

2

6. came 2. didn’t just wear 7. had earned 3. used 8. was hiring 4. had come up 9. join 5. had worried 10. would think

Advanced Language

3. an order 4. a suggestion

1 1. advised, not to advertise

1. there were too many adverts on TV. 2. students clicked on online adverts more than once a day. 3. adverts should be banned from cinemas. 4. an advert had ever influenced a student to buy something. 5. some adverts could be described as entertaining. 6. students thought that adverts would become more personalised in the future.

2. asked, knew 3. mentioned, had been researching 4. denied, were using 5. wondered, could advertise 6. warned, would have to pay 7. suggested creating / suggested that we create 8. ordered, not to bring

1. Joel said that he didn’t want to see that film and went on to say that he had seen it the previous month. 2. Mia said that it was getting late and added that they had to go soon. 3. Ann suggested going abroad for a holiday the following month and remarked that she really needed a break. 4. James said that he would be spending the summer in France and went on to say that he had been studying French for three years.

1. to give us a larger budget. 2. that he get professional advice / getting professional advice 3. not doing it 4. if I could design a website for it 5. (that) he hadn’t used Photoshop 6. that the special price was only available that day Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

10


6 Professor Branson explained that her talk was divided

into two parts. She said that that day, she was going to focus on the history of advertising. She informed us that the following week she would analyse some examples of adverts that she had chosen. She told us that the oldest remaining advertising agency in the US was / is JWT – the James Walter Thompson Company. She said that James Walter Thompson had purchased the company in 1877. She explained that he had decided to have two departments: one for doing business with clients, and the other a creative department of writers and artists to design the adverts. She mentioned that this division still exists / existed in most advertising agencies and that Thompson is / was credited as the father of modern magazine advertising in the US.

7 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. Grammar Review

project. 2. I am going to live within my budget next month. 3. Allison promised me that she would never lie to me again. 4. By the time the police ordered the ambush marketers to leave the area, they had given away hundreds of T-shirts. 5. Bob asked whether I knew what her income had been last year. 6. Has he ever written adverts? 7. By the time the boss returns, she will have finished designing the advert. 8. They have been advertising their product for a month.

skills PRACTICE 2

4. a

1. hold … attention 2. is attracting … attention 3. call attention to

4 1. thoughts 2. consumers 3. cool / fashionable

4. everyone else 5. remember

5 1. False – It is very effective because it connects the

celebrity to the product. 2. True 3. True 4. False – It is pretty easy. This technique uses insecurity and works very well. 5. True

6 1. individuality

4. bandwagon 5. humour

Speaking

5. b

Expressing Opinions

2 1. False – The message of a powerful advert is clear.

page 29

Describing Adverts 3. e

Advanced Language


Topic Vocabulary

2. c

Possible Additional Answers Positive: effective, funny, attractive, amazing, brilliant, impressive, successful, appropriate, creative, fascinating, innovative, outstanding, realistic, thoughtful, wonderful Negative: silly, boring, ridiculous, stupid, annoying, shocking, confusing, offensive

2. insecurity 3. association

page 28

1 1. d

attention, stimulating, catchy (phrase), intriguing, eye-catching Negative: odd, over the top, misleading, childish

Listening

8 1. Danny said that Sam hadn’t helped at all on that

3 Positive: appealing, stylish, powerful, grabs your

2. False – An unusual or eye-catching advert grabs your attention. 3. True 4. False – A childish advert makes a poor impression. 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. False – People will notice an eye-catching advert.

8 1. I think that

2. What do you think 3. In my opinion, 4. Why do you think so


5. But don’t you think 6. Personally, 7. I have to admit that 8. I suppose

11

Student’s Book | Answer Key TA S K Possible Answers Advert II: bandwagon technique A: I think that this advert is brilliant. It’s really eyecatching. What do you think? B: I have to admit it really grabs your attention. It makes people assume that if everyone is happy using the product, they will be, too.

Advert III: individuality technique A: I have to admit that this advert is appealing. B: Why do you think so? A: Because it sends the message that if you want to be unique, you should buy Terrio Fashion. B: Personally, I think it’s childish. If everyone buys Terrio Fashion, then where’s the individuality? Advert IV: insecurity technique A: I really like this advert. I think it’s powerful and has got a lot of humour in it. B: I think that it’s misleading. A: Why do you think so? B: Because it makes people think that a product will change their appearance. I think that’s over the top.

page 30

page 31

3 1. b

2. a

3. a

4. b

5. b

4 1. b

2. a

3. b

4. c

5. a

5 Possible Answers 1. People had recommended the new TV series.

Nevertheless, I thought it was boring. 2. We’ll get there faster by car, as well as being able to take more things with us. 3. Despite the warnings on every cigarette packet, many young people smoke. 4. In spite of her small income, she manages to get by. / She manages to get by in spite of her small income. 5. Some adverts, like this one, are really over the top.

TA S K

A For and Against Essay


language consolidation

WRITING

1 1. A

A For and Against Essay

1 1. The issue of TV adverts aimed at children. 2. For: advertising provides money for the network so it is able to continue making children’s programmes / the advertisers need to sell their products or they will go out of business Against: children can’t tell the difference between fantasy (the advert) and reality / some adverts promote unhealthy products, for example junk food / children may pressure their parents to buy products 3. The writer is against TV adverts aimed at children.

2. A 3. B 4. D

5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B

2 1. For

2. phrase / slogan 3. have 4. than 5. into 6. pay

9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 7. such 8. language 9. improve 10. because 11. though 12. it

Connectors of Addition, Contrast and Example

2 Connectors of addition

In addition (paragraph II) What’s more (paragraph III) Moreover (paragraph III) Connectors of contrast while (paragraph I) On the one hand (paragraph II) On the other hand (paragraph III) Connectors of example For instance (paragraph III)


12

UNIT 3

Face the Music


4 1. c

page 33

1

A. David Bisbal B. Angelina Jolie C. Lady Gaga

5 1. People have to admit that Lady Gaga is a phenomenon

2. stunning; role model (Angelina Jolie) 3. spoilt (Paris Hilton) 4. lucky break (David Bisbal) 5. notorious; controversial (Lady Gaga)

6. start 7. clean their own homes 8. glamorous 9. repeat

2. are mad about him 3. famous people 4. publicity 5. talent

4


READING

2 Guessing meaning from context

1. waitressing – serving customers at their tables in a restaurant or club 2. endless – seeming to continue without end 3. fit in – to be socially compatible with other members of a group

3 1. Yes, that young woman has become Lady Gaga, a

6

1. recognition (line 2) 2. turning (line 13) 3. entirely (line 26)

4. outrageous (line 27) 5. donated (line 41) 6. sum (line 43)

Advanced Language

page 34

even though they may not like her. (lines 8-9) 2. Lady Gaga’s unique style has made her a superstar very quickly. (lines 16-18) 3. Lady Gaga’s videos are intense and shocking due to their amazing sets and unusual special effects. (lines 18-21) 4. All the money from sales of the bracelet was sent to Japan to help the victims of the earthquake and tsunami in 2011. (lines 33-37) 5. The writer wonders why people want to be shocked. (line 48)

2 1. worshipped (Justin Bieber)

3 1. take drugs

3. a

page 35

D. Paris Hilton E. Justin Bieber

Topic Vocabulary Fame and Celebrity

2. c

superstar who has sold millions of records and has won important awards. 2. In addition to singing, Lady Gaga is a gifted musician and songwriter. 3. The purpose of the Haus of Gaga is to design Gaga’s impressive costumes, make-up and hairdos. 4. Some people disapprove of Lady Gaga because she is too shocking and even offensive. 5. Lady Gaga has supported relief efforts for victims of the tsunami in Japan, the campaign against AIDS and the Robin Hood Foundation.

1. well-kept 2. well-earned 3. well-rounded 4. well-meaning 5. well-to-do

7 Over to You Possible Answers Yes, I am a huge fan of Lady Gaga. I adore everything about her: her music, fashion, style, personality. She truly cares about her fans! No, I don’t like Lady Gaga. I think she has no talent. She is just interested in provoking a reaction.


13


page 38

Vocabulary

GRAMMAR

Words from the Text

The Passive, The Causative

1

In passive sentences, the action is emphasised, while the perfomer of the acton is either unimportant or unknown. This is also true of the causative form.

1. 1. It’s not a new idea – it’s been around for years. 2. Eton is a prestigious school. 3. They will launch the new online service next month. 4. We’ll be enjoying her music for years to come. 5. The best part of the film was the costumes. 6. Our film club teamed up with a local studio. 7. A weird thing happened to me yesterday. 8. The behaviour of some celebrities is outrageous.

2 1. award

5. appeal to 6. disturbing 7. encourages 8. huge hits

2. overnight 3. gifted 4. loathed

a ship, a career, a new product, a rocket

Phrasal Verbs

3 1. amazing

4. work hard 5. badly 6. relieved

2. arrogant 3. get our money back

4 1. a, e 5

2. b, d

3. c, f

1. put on 2. Break up 3. broke up

2. was written (c. Born This Way) 3. have been released (b. 11) 4. suffered (b. Beethoven) 5. was shot (a. John Lennon) 6. has recently launched (c. Justin Bieber) 7. can be seen (c. Beyoncé) 8. is given (b. The Grammy) 9. wasn’t brought up (c. Britney Spears) 10. often speaks out (a. Pink)

2

Advanced Language

1 1. was being performed (a. The Rite of Spring)

page 39 4. took off 5. ’m going to put on / ’ll put on 6. takes off / is taking off

page 37

3 1. Joel has been sent an autographed poster. /

skills PRACTICE 1

Listening

1 1. c

2. b

3. a

4. c

1. You’ve been interviewed 2. You’re treated 3. you’re being asked 4. It’s said 5. Big Brother was being filmed 6. I was given 7. I had been voted off 8. it can be done 9. you’ll be given

5. a

6. b

Speaking

2


An autographed poster has been sent to Joel. 2. It is known that Pam is a hard worker. / Pam is known to be a hard worker. 3. The singer should have been paid more money. / More money should have been paid to the singer. 4. It is believed that Jimi Hendrix was the greatest electric guitarist of all time. / Jimi Hendrix is believed to be the greatest electric guitarist of all time. 5. Tickets are being sold to students at half price. / Students are being sold tickets at half price. 6. Avatar is said to have a predictable plot. / It is said that Avatar has a predictable plot. 7. The prime minister is expected to make a speech. / It is expected that the prime minister will make a speech. 8. When will the actress be shown the new costumes? / When will the new costumes be shown to the actress?


14


4 1. have / dyed

page 40

skills PRACTICE 2

2. gets / painted 3. had / chosen 4. Has / had / whitened 5. am going to get / autographed 6. has / had / designed

Topic Vocabulary Live Entertainment

1 1. lucky 2. colours 3. concert 4. disappointed

5 Possible Answers

1. get it repaired 2. had it cut 3. has them written by a professional 4. had it delivered 5. did you get it made 6. had it catered by a chef

2 1. The crowd went wild when they saw their idol.

Advanced Language

1. to be given 2. being criticised

6 1. are displayed

2. belonged 3. were worn 4. can be seen 5. have been collected

3. being seen 4. to be interviewed 6. was given 7. had been used 8. had ... delivered 9. has been hanging 10. should eat


8 1. A lot has been written about him in the gossip

5. fantastic 6. didn’t arrive 7. began 8. feel

columns. 2. He had been auditioning for three months before he found an acting job. 3. A new fashion line will be launched soon (by the actress). 4. The fan asked him whether he / she could have his autograph then. 5. He had his photograph taken for the cover of his new album. 6. She has been singing since 9 o’clock. 7. Sam can’t be in China. 8. Terrible rumours are being spread about their marriage.

2. We had some coffee during the interval. 3. This is one of the most moving love songs ever written. 4. This review says the concert was excellent. 5. The singer had rehearsed the song for months. 6. The tickets sold out within 15 minutes. 7. The concert venue was a large amphitheatre. 8. The nightclub was packed. There were hundreds of people there.

3 Place: colourful, crowded, brilliant

Music: brilliant, powerful Lighting: colourful, brilliant, powerful

Possible Additional Answers Place: noisy, modern, romantic, peaceful, unique, deserted Music: depressing, relaxing, dull Lighting: impressive, dim, bright Listening

4 1 In Paris.

2. Next month. 3. They tried to book tickets but they sold out in 15 minutes.

5 a, c, d, e, g, h 6 1. Some K-Pop bands are popular not only in Korea, but

all over the world. 2. Young performers are sent to special schools in Seoul. 3. They exercise a lot in order to have great bodies. 4. Boyfriends and girlfriends are not allowed. 5. Compared to singers in the west, K-Pop singers have got less money. 6. Thanks to the internet, K-Pop has become popular.


15

Student’s Book | Answer Key Adjectives and Adverbs

Advanced Language

1. went white 2. has gone bad 3. went blank

4. will go crazy 5. has gone downhill

7 Over to You Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. page 41 Speaking Comparing Pictures 8

1. Both pictures show 2. Another similarity is 3. The pictures are quite different 4. The pictures are similar because 5. One difference is that 6. In this picture; while in this one,

2 Adverbs of frequency

usually (describes the verb enjoy) Adverbs of manner excitedly (describes the verb waited) enthusiastically (describes the verb clapped) Adverbs of degree a bit (describes the adjective slow) slightly (describes the adjective boring) absolutely (describes the adjective electrifying) Adjectives packed (describes the noun place) incredible (describes the noun energy) brilliant (describes the noun sound) slow, boring (describe the noun ballads) electrifying (describes the noun music) awesome (describes the noun evening)

page 43

TA S K Possible Answer Both pictures show people listening to music. Another similarity is that the people are enjoying the music they are listening to. The pictures are quite different because in picture III, people are dancing to music in a crowded venue, while in picture IV, somebody is in a room listening to music. Another difference is that in picture III, the music is loud and the girls seem to be having fun, while in picture IV, the boy is listening to music with earphones. He appears to be relaxed.

3

WRITING

1 1. The writer attended the sixth-form end-of-year concert; it took place on Friday night in the school auditorium.

get attention. 2. We heard an amazing organist last night. He also sang well. 3. They worked quickly and built this huge stadium in only eight months. 4. The audience cheered enthusiastically when the charismatic politician came onstage. 5. She spoke persuasively about some important issues in our city.

5 1. extremely 2. not at all 3. terribly

4. fairly 5. absolutely

Advanced Language

2. The writer enjoyed Purple Nights. They had a brilliant hip-hop sound and the crowd went wild. At first, the writer was a bit disappointed with Nuclear Infant because their music was slow and boring, but later the band started playing R&B songs which the writer enjoyed.

4. beautifully, brilliantly 5. terribly, poorly

4 1. Sometimes, wealthy celebrities dress outrageously to

page 42

A Description of an Event

1. lovely, glamorous 2. huge, (an) enormous 3. crowded, packed

1. We booked only two tickets for the show. 2. You can find almost any information about this celebrity. 3. I’m hungry. I had just a sandwich for lunch.

3. The writer thinks both bands are really very good and believes they will make it in the world of music.


16

Student’s Book | Answer Key TA S K A Description of an Event


language consolidation 1 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 2

5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A

9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C

1. has been called off 2. Jane looked up to the 3. will be served instead 4. I try to fit 5. rumours have been spread 6. have lost business 7. that those problems had been 8. be forgotten for many years


17

TIME

OUT

page 45 READING

1 1. C

2. F 3. A 4. B 5. E

2 Possible Answers YouTube, reality TV, talent shows, social networking sites. I think the best method today is any method related to the internet. Any singer promoted through the internet can become a global phenomenon. page 46

LIFE SKILLS 1 1. c

2. a, c

3. a, b

2 1. I’m dying to

2. Let’s 3. I’m not sure 4. To tell you the truth, I’m not mad about 5. Are you serious 6. I can’t stand 7. I’d rather 8. I wouldn’t mind 9. Why don’t we



18

UNIT 4

Think Green

page 47

page 49

1 A. litter / land pollution

5 1. The developers buying the land wanted to explore the

B. pollution from cars / carbon emissions C. electricity derived from clean, renewable sources / wind generated electricity D. solar power E. drought / global warming Possible Answers Advantages: it doesn’t pollute the environment; it doesn’t run out; it can create new jobs in rural areas Disadvantages: it doesn’t produce large amounts of energy; it relies on weather patterns, such as wind or sunshine; the initial cost of the machinery is very high

Topic Vocabulary The Environment

2 1. C, D

2. B

2. b

3. E

3. a

4. A

4. a

4. source 5. environmentalists

5. b

1. Fact – It expresses what has actually happened and can be verified. 2. Opinion – This statement expresses what the writer believes.

2. False 3. True 4. True

4 1. d

2. c

5. True 6. False 7. True

2. spectacular (line 15) 3. evicted (line 24) 4. charged with (line 28) 5. bring about (line 34) 6. supporters (line 42)

2 Identifying Fact and Opinion

3 1. True

Advanced Language

R EADING

6. a

page 48

6 1. jail (line 6)

3 1. wildlife 2. global warming 3. waste 4 1. b

land to find oil and gas. (lines 12-13) 2. The clerk in the lobby asked DeChristopher if he was there to bid. (lines 18-19) 3. DeChristopher wouldn’t have stood out at the auction if he hadn’t been wearing jeans and a purple jacket. (lines 20-22) 4. Before he was evicted, DeChristopher managed to win bids for 14 parcels of land. (lines 23-25) 5. DeChristopher became a celebrity because he was arrested and charged with sabotaging the auction. (lines 28-29) 6. The judge sentenced DeChristopher to two years in prison although he didn’t believe the offence had been that bad. (lines 46-48)

1. within earshot 2. within reason 3. within the hour 4. within walking distance

7 Possible Answer I don’t think he should be punished. He was justified in

preventing an illegal sale of public land to private oil and gas developers. DeChristopher’s disruption of the auction was unjustified, so he must be punished and serve his term in prison. page 50

Vocabulary Words from the Text

1

1. b

2. c


3. d

4. a

19


2 1. unexpected

page 52

5. approached 6. treasure 7. outspoken

2. bring about 3. court 4. pass laws

GRAMMAR Conditionals

3

Possible Answers 1. A wilderness might have many wild animals. 2. At an auction, things are sold to the highest bidder. 3. A person may be guilty of stealing cars. 4. He regretted his decision to leave school. 5. Your sleep can be disrupted by a loud noise.

Advanced Language

1. Todos los países deberían hacer un esfuerzo para reducir las emisiones de carbono. 2. Plantearé el asunto mañana durante nuestra reunión. 3. Tráete a tu novio una tarde. Nos encantaría conocerlo. 4. Steve acaba de publicar su primer álbum.

1. Zero Conditional 2. Third Conditional 3. First Conditional 4. Second Conditional

Wish Clauses

1

Sentences 1 and 2: wish Sentence 3: regret 1. uses, isn’t 2. hadn’t been, would have invented 3. are, will drive / will be driving 4. operate, make 5. receive, own 6. weren’t, wouldn’t buy Sentence 2 is false.

Prefixes

4 1. incomprehensible 5. disrespectful

2 1. had

page 51

2. wouldn’t cost 3. would have paid 4. had purchased 5. use / used 6. burn / will burn / would burn 7. go 8. will think 9. don’t believe 10. look 11. sold 12. could buy

skills PRACTICE 1

3

2. illiterate 3. improper 4. unbelievable

5

1. b

2. e

3. d

6 1. regain 2. overcrowded 3. misbehave

6. disapprove 7. irreplaceable 8. unspoilt 4. c

5. a 4. underweight 5. intermarriage

Listening

1

A – No match B – Speaker 4 C – Speaker 2 D – Speaker 5 E – Speaker 1 F – Speaker 3

1. The situation will get worse unless we take action. 2. If global warming continues, one-tenth of plant and animal species might disappear. 3. Make a banana cake if they are too soft to eat. 4. As soon as you arrive, the police will arrest you. 5. I would have participated if someone had reminded me about it. 6. If people hadn’t hunted illegally, these species wouldn’t have been endangered. / If people didn’t hunt illegally, these species wouldn’t be endangered.

Speaking

2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

20


page 54

skills PRACTICE 2

Advanced Language

All the options are correct for each sentence.

4 1. were 2. did 3. cared 4. hadn’t cut down

5

5. hadn’t destroyed 6. would use 7. could help

Best Title: Option 3 Possible Answers 1. If only they had left it the way it was. 2. I wish I were eighteen! 3. I wish they were cheaper. 4. If only I had gone with you! 5. I wish he would make more of an effort. 6. If only I had won the competition. 7. I wish I could stay a bit longer.

6 1. are 2. wouldn’t have died 3. didn’t emit 4. will change

5. will face 6. does 7. had done 8. cared

7 Possible Answers

1. I would have regretted it if I hadn’t applied to medical school. 2. If a friend does something that I disapprove of, I won’t hesitate to tell him what I think. 3. We will make a difference to global warming when we use more renewable energy sources. 4. If I were more outspoken, I would tell everybody the truth. 5. As soon as I get home today, I’ll give you a call. 6. I wish I could travel.

4. bad 5. bad

2 1. replace 2. pollutes 3. dispose of

4. leaked 5. threatens

3

2. I’ll meet Sue as soon as I finish the essay. / As soon as I finish the essay, I’ll meet Sue. 3. He will be given an award. 4. I wish I weren’t so tall. 5. We have been growing our own vegetables for a year. 6. We’ll hold the event outdoors unless it rains. / We won’t hold the event indoors unless it rains. 7. If only I hadn’t worn jeans. 8. My sister wanted to know if I had seen Tracy the previous day.

6. good 7. bad

6. banned 7. use up

Positive: recycling, clean up, conservation Negative: contaminate, congestion

Possible Additional Answers Positive: renewable energy, solar power, wind energy, activist, go green, energy-saving bulbs, rechargeable batteries, hybrid car Negative: damage, cut down, destroy, dump, pollute, threaten, deforestation, greenhouse effect, global warming, litter, toxic waste, urbanisation, crowding, carbon dioxide, acid rain

Advanced Language

1. 1. b

2. a

2. 1. a

2. b

Listening

4 1. True 2. False – It can do up to 60 kilometres an hour. 3. True 4. False – The roads in China are really crowded. 5

1. b

2. a

3. b

1. four metres 2. more public transport 3. 1,400

8 1. I had my hair cut the other day.

1 1. good 2. bad 3. good

6

Grammar Review

Topic Vocabulary Environmental Awareness

4. fuel 5. nervous

page 55 Speaking Exchanging Information

8

1. e

2. d


3. a

4. c

5. g

6. b

7. f

21


TA S K A Description of a Person

Paraphrasing

Possible Answers The AIRPod What is it? It’s a kind of car that doesn’t need petrol. What does it look like? It looks like a bubble. What is it made of? It is made of fibreglass, which is light and strong. How does it help the environment? It doesn’t pollute or emit carbon dioxide. What else can you tell me about it? Well, it reduces global warming and is really cheap to run. What are the disadvantages? It doesn’t go very fast – up to 50 km/h and the air must be replaced every 160 kilometres. Is it being used yet? No, it is still being tested.

2 Summary a (It doesn’t include examples of countries.)

Sustainable Dance Club What is it? It is a dance floor which produces energy from people dancing. What does it look like? It looks like a crystal floor with lights. What is it made of? It is made of crystal blocks which produce an electrical current. How does it help the environment? It is a clean, renewable energy source. What else can you tell me about it? Well, it helps reduce global warming. What are the disadvantages? It doesn’t generate enough energy to supply all of a club’s energy and it only works if people are dancing fast and hard. Is it being used yet? Yes, it is being used at public events around the world.

3 Possible Answers Nowadays people know more about crucial environmental problems as a result of the actions taken by Greenpeace in the fields of global warming, deforestation, renewable energy and toxic waste dumping. 4 1. Obviously, alternative sources of energy must be

found. 2. We are going on an eco-tour of Kenya although it is very hot at this time of the year. 3. Consequently, the government agreed to improve public transport. 4. Unfortunately, rainforests are still being cut down. 5. We stayed at green hotels during our holiday.

TA S K A Summary


language consolidation 1 1. at

WRITING

A Summary

2 1. catchy

1

page 56

1. the definition of a green roof; environmental benefits of green roofs; where green roofs can be seen 2. They reduce the need for air conditioning, save energy and slow global warming. 3. This information appears in the first line of the summary.

2. global 3. becomes / is 4. footprint 5. shortage 6. could 2. disturbing 3. massive 4. pollution 5. doubtful


7. In 8. include 9. in 10. has 11. be 12. suggest 6. underestimate 7. renewable 8. extremely 9. upsetting 10. irreplaceable

22

UNIT 5

Nine to five

page 59

page 61

1 Possible Answers

4 1. James believes the subjects he will study in college will

In my opinion, cartoon number 1 is the funniest. I think cartoon 3 is most likely to happen in real life because in a conservative business climate appearance really matters. I think cartoon number 2 is the funniest. I feel cartoon 2 is also likely to happen in real life because parents usually have high career expectations for their kids.

2 Possible Answers 1. department manager in hi-tech company

2. bank teller in London business district 3. advertising copywriter, police officer, entertainer on cruise ship, graphic designer 4. bank teller, graphic designer 5. graphic designer, advertising copywriter, entertainer on cruise ship 6. graphic designer 7. entertainer on cruise ship, bank teller 8. entertainer on cruise ship

3 1. True

2. True 3. False – Your salary increases. 4. False – You don’t have a boss / You work for yourself. 5. False – You are a worker. 6. True 7. False – Stop working there. 8. False – Your boss is unhappy with you. 9. True

4 Accept all logical answers. page 60

R EADING 2 Making Inferences b 3

1. a

2. c

3. b

Topic Vocabulary Work and Jobs

4. c

be uninteresting and that he won’t remember anything. 2. James’ father thinks his son won’t find college as unexciting as high school because college will turn out to be much more motivating and challenging. 3. Instead of going to college, James would like to purchase a house far from New York and find a job. 4. James’ parents agree that he has to go to college for four years before he decides what to do with his life.

5 1. We can infer that Trollope was one of the authors that

James likes reading and from whom he could learn a lot. (lines 53-55) 2. James suggests financing a down payment by using money that was intended to pay for his studies at college. (lines 66-69) 3. James’ father won’t object if he works at McDonald’s after he has been to college for four years and has completed his studies. (lines 79-83) 4. From the final sentence, we can infer that James’ parents are divorced. (lines 90-91)

6 1. daintily (line 4)

2. confident (line 32) 3. stimulated (line 45)

4. substantial (line 68) 5. educated (line 78) 6. accomplished (line 79)

Advanced Language

1. loud and clear 2. sick and tired 3. rain or shine

4. sink or swim 5. back and forth

7 Possible Answer Of course James should go to college. Education

opens up doors. The more education you get, the more opportunities you will have in the future – and having more options leads to success and happiness in life. I don’t think James should go to college if he doesn’t want to, because today going to college is almost meaningless. College had its worth 20 years ago when not everyone had a degree. In addition, most of the required courses are totally impractical.

5. c Advanced Contrast 2 © B Burlington Books

23


page 63

Vocabulary

skills PRACTICE 1

Words from the Text

Listening

1 2

1. What do you propose to do about the problem? 2. It’s a privilege to work with this professor. 3. She tried to run away when she was 15. 4. I wouldn’t want to raise my children in that neighbourhood. 5. Let’s throw out this stuff that we don’t need. 6. He’s very creative, so I think he will flourish in an art school. 1. presumed 2. see the point 3. switch 4. challenges

5. are bound to 6. knowledge 7. accomplished


1. Vayamos al parque para que los niños puedan corretear. 2. Me gustaría decirte unas ideas para ver qué opinas. 3. Se encontró (por casualidad) con un antiguo amigo ayer. 4. Repasaremos el material otra vez mañana. 5. Salió corriendo y me dejó para que yo hiciera todo el trabajo.

3 1. taught me how things work

4

2. advanced slowly 3. controls things 4. main income 5. keep his job 6. earn enough money to live on 7. lost her job 8. makes a low salary 1. calls the shots 2. make a living 3. got the sack 4. hold down a job

page 64

GRAMMAR Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses

Sentences 1, 2, 4 and 6.

1 1. which 2. whose 3. when

Idioms

2. classes 3. second year 4. are really friendly 5. wherever he goes 6. sports teams 7. weather, the food 8. live on campus 9. $10,000 10. financial aid

Speaking

Advanced Language

1 1. 9%

2

3

5. paid peanuts 6. bread and butter 7. worked my way to the top 8. show you the ropes

4. which / that 5. where 6. when

7. which / that 8. who 9. where

1. which / that (false) 4. whose (true) 2. who (true) 5. when (false) 3. where (false) 1. c. There are many people who make a living on the internet. 2. a. Some of them sell jewellery or clothes which / that they make themselves. 3. g. Others are paid by companies whose products they promote. 4. b. If they like, they can work at night, when everything is quiet. 5. d. They can work from any place where there is an internet connection. 6. e. Best of all, they haven’t got a boss who tells them what to do! 7. f. So try internet marketing, which can be fun as well as profitable!


24


8 1. when

Advanced Language

1. These universities, all of which are excellent, may be quite difficult to get into. 2. The students, none of whom had failed the exam, continued to the next level.

page 65

4

5

1. A call centre is a large place where hundreds of workers solve customer problems over the phone. 2. American companies have set up thousands of call centres in India, where they are very cheap to run. 3. An Indian call centre worker earns about 90% less than an American worker who works in the USA. 4. Young Indians, whose English is often very good, are happy to be hired for these jobs. 5. However, they are now suffering from many health problems which are caused by their work. 6. For one thing, their shifts are mainly at night, when it is daytime in the United States. 7. In addition, it’s very stressful to answer calls from angry customers whose orders haven’t arrived. 8. The customers also complain about the workers’ accents, which are sometimes difficult to understand. 9. Despite these problems, the call centres, which no one wants to give up, provide many advantages. / Despite these problems, the call centres provide many advantages, which no one wants to give up. Possible Answers 1. are angry about their orders / have problems with their orders 2. American companies have set up call centres 3. people in India are asleep 4. are made by / come from angry customers 5. accents are sometimes difficult to understand

2. These are the high prices about which customers have complained. 3. The university for which you have applied is excellent. 4. The man to whom I introduced you is my boss. 5. George is a colleague on whom you can rely. 6. This is the plan to which we were referring.

7 1. The people I work with are quite brilliant.

9. whose 10. which


6 1. The people with whom I work are quite brilliant.

2. which 3. who 4. where

5. whose 6. which 7. where 8. who

10

1. Many people lost their jobs in 2009, when the economic crisis began. 2. I wish that she hadn’t been fired. 3. The employees to whom this training is offered have a technical background. 4. Several people are being promoted this month. 5. If I were self-employed, I wouldn’t get a monthly salary. 6. Marlene declared that she had worked overtime the night before. 7. She went to the gym after she had done the shopping. 8. Beth, whose idea was proposed at the last meeting, is in charge of sales.

page 66

skills PRACTICE 2 Topic Vocabulary Personal Characteristics

1 1. practical 2. tries her best 3. working with others 4. depend on 2 1. experienced 2. work well under pressure 3. unapproachable 4. people skills

5. work 6. sensible 7. get what they want 8. confidence 5. trustworthy 6. skilled 7. chatterbox

3

ossible Answers P Positive personal characteristics: friendly, honest, polite, generous, creative, considerate, courageous, patient, practical, realistic, self-confident, sensible, sensitive, sociable, tolerant, sincere Negative personal characteristics: lazy, irresponsible, bad-tempered, arrogant, dishonest, impatient, impulsive, fussy, envious, insecure, selfish, stubborn

2. These are the high prices customers have complained about. 3. The university you have applied for is excellent. 4. The man I introduced you to is my boss. 5. George is a colleague you can rely on. 6. This is the plan we were referring to.


25

Student’s Book | Answer Key TA S K

Advanced Language s ixth sense: intuition; a faculty that can’t be described scientifically make sense: to be intelligible; practical talk sense: to speak in a reasonable way dress sense: ability to choose clothes that look good or go well together

Listening 4 5

1. c

2. b

3. a

4. b

1. “paid online surveys” 2. reliable 3. pay to sign up 4. hard-working, just like in any other job 5. addicted

6 1. You’ll receive the surveys in your e-mail.

2. You should avoid giving personal information. 3. You can read reviews by people who have used the company. 4. The more surveys you do, the more money you’ll make. 5. He’d like to go to university and study computer science.

7

Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers

page 67 Speaking A Job Interview

8

Questions asked by an employer: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 Questions asked by a job applicant: 2, 5, 6

9

Possible Answer Additional questions asked by an employer: Why did you leave your last job? Why have you had so many different jobs in the last two years? What is your biggest accomplishment? Additional questions asked by a job candidate: Will I have to work overtime? Is there parking nearby? What do people do for lunch.

1 0

1. What work experience have you got? 2. Could you tell me about the job? 3. What are the working hours? 4. Why do you think you’d be good at this job? 5. What would you say are your best characteristics?

Possible Answers CALL CENTRE REPRESENTATIVES NEEDED What work experience have you got? I’m afraid I don’t have much. I’ve just taught English to young kids during my summer holidays. Tell me honestly, why do you think you’d be good at this job? Well, because I like sorting out problems and I’d love to help customers. Also, I can learn really fast. What would you say are your best characteristics? I’m trustworthy and reliable. I’ve just completed my A levels and I think I can work well under pressure. You know it’s a full-time job and we’d expect you to work in shifts. Is that okay with you? Yes, no problem. I don’t mind working shifts. HOTEL RECEPTIONIST AT PARTON RESORT What work experience have you got? I worked as a camp counsellor last summer – it was quite rewarding and I learnt a lot of different skills. What are your plans for the future? I’d like to apply for a university where I can study hotel management. I’ve always liked hotels. Why do you think you’d be good at this job? Well, because I’ve got great people skills and can speak English, French and Spanish. I’m quite fluent in French, actually. I’m also reliable and conscientious. You know you would have to do different duties: check in hotel guests, take reservations and receive payments for accommodation. And it’s a full-time job. Is that okay with you? Yes, no problem. It’s fine. page 68

WRITING A Formal Letter

1 1. The writer is applying for a job 2. The writer has worked as a summer camp counsellor 3. The writer is reliable, organised and hard-working. 4. The writer hopes her application will be considered favourably and that she will hear from the employer in the near future. 2 1. I am writing in response to your advert. 2. I hope you will consider my application favourably. 3. I would be happy to attend an interview at a time that is convenient for you. 4. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.


26

Student’s Book | Answer Key 3 Formal letter: 1, 2, 5, 6 Informal letter: 3, 4, 7, 8

2

Advanced Language 1. His job includes answering calls and making appointments. 2. I work with colleagues who are generous and helpful. 3. After you graduate, decide what you want to study and choose a university. 4. He has succeeded because of his skill and dedication. 5. These students must learn grammar and writing. page 69 Connectors of Purpose

4

1. Jane, who is down to earth, seems the best person for the job. 2. Jeff’s wife asked him why he had been paid peanuts for that job. 3. The entire town must have been wiped out by the tsunami. 4. I wouldn’t have fired him if he had been a good team player. 5. The audience to which these adverts appeal is probably young. 6. I wish I could raise my children in a better neighbourhood. 7. Catherine explained (that) Neil called the shots in her office. 8. Mr Brown, whose daughter is in charge of our department, retired yesterday.

in order to; so that

5 1. so as to 2. in order to 3. so that

6

1. in order not to / so as not to 2. so that 3. to / in order to / so as to 4. in order not to / so as not to 5. so that 6. to / in order to / so as to

TA S K A Formal Letter of Application

7 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers page 70

language consolidation 1 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D

5. A 6. D 7. C 8. A

9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D


27

UNIT 6

On the Road

page 71

3 1. d

1

4 1. True

Possible Answers 1. Bicycle lanes protect cyclists from cars and trucks on the roads. 2. Cell phone bans prevent drivers from becoming distracted. 3. Speed limits and single-lane roads mean drivers need to keep to a lower speed. 4. Traffic lights control traffic and force drivers to slow down or stop. 5. One-way streets prevent head-on collisions. 6. Pedestrian crossings allow pedestrians to cross roads in safety. 7. No hooting means drivers can’t be startled / residents can’t be disturbed. Other ideas for increasing road safety are improved driver-training, stiff penalties for serious driving offences, programmes to combat drunk driving.

5 1. Cassie decides to text James to tell him that one of his

3. b

4. b

5. c

2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True

page 73

Topic Vocabulary Driving

2 1. a 2. a 3 1. True

2. b

6. b

classmates has just confessed that she likes him. 2. They hope to prevent young drivers from texting while driving. 3. Public safety campaigns are important because the prohibition against texting while driving is difficult to enforce. So campaigns are needed to make young drivers aware of the dangers. 4. The text describes two possible solutions: First, public safety campaigns to make young people aware of the dangers of texting while driving. Second, new software that can block calls, texts and e-mails while driving. 5. She wants the new software because she can’t stop using her mobile phone while driving, even though she knows it is dangerous.

2. False – In most cars, the boot is at the back. 3. True 4. False – A head-on collision involves cars going in opposite directions. 5. False – On a roundabout, cars may only travel in one direction

6 1. three teenage girls

4 1. rush hour

2. junction 3. traffic jam

4. delayed 5. stuck

page 72 READING

2 Scanning for Information

1. the Gwent Police Department in Wales 2. £10,000 3. by 35% 4. nearly 50% 5. Oprah Winfrey

2. the film’s 3. texting while driving 4. banning mobile phones in cars 5. the new software

7 1. alongside (line 7) 2. heartbreaking (line 15) 3. disturbing (line 19)

4. point (line 21) 5. block (line 36) 6. supporters (line 39)

Advanced Language 1. time-saving: que ahorra tiempo 2. long lasting: duraderos 3. time-consuming: que requiere / lleva mucho tiempo 4. oil-producing: productor de petróleo 5. far-reaching: transcendentales, de gran alcance


28


8

Possible Answer My friend often sends text messages while driving. I think she would stop doing it if she saw the video because this kind of road safety campaign is very realistic and shows that it can happen to anyone.

page 74

Vocabulary 5. feel attracted to 6. don’t do it 7. difficulties

2 1. worldwide 2. motorists 3. lane 4. enforce

5. tempted 6. fatal 7. swerve

3

4

1. back up 2. pull into 3. slow down 4. broke down 5. ran ... over

4

Phrasal Verbs 2. d 3. f

Sentences 1 and 2 contain modals. Sentences 3 and 4 contain modal perfects. Sentences 3 and 4 refer to the past.

2

tempting: appealing or attractive, even if it’s wrong temptation: a desire to do something wrong or unwise tempter: a person or thing that tempts

3 1. c

Modals / Modal Perfects

Advanced Language

GRAMMAR

1 1. might not 2. may 3. can’t 4. should / must

Words from the Text

1 1. south 2. off 3. stop 4. opinions

page 76

4. b 5. g 6. a 6. speed up 7. drop ... off 8. drove off 9. filled up

7. e 8. i 9. h

5. must / should 6. don’t have to 7. shouldn’t 8. might

1. You / We mustn’t smoke in my mum’s car. 2. I may get the car repaired today. 3. You needn’t fill up the car today. 4. I’m not able to drive yet. 5. They ought to put a roundabout at this junction. 6. Shall I wash the car? 1. might have; Scotland 2. must have; 2006 3. could have / might have 4. couldn’t have / shouldn’t have; 17 June 2006 5. couldn’t have; 19; 1989 1. She couldn’t have seen us. 2. They haven’t been able to build the road. 3. He must have washed the car. 4. You should have indicated. 5. Mum needn’t have got her tyres changed. 6. She must have stopped on her way here.

page 75

skills PRACTICE 1 Listening

1

1. No match 2. Speaker 3 3. Speaker 5

4. Speaker 1 5. Speaker 4 6. Speaker 2


29


2

page 77

5

6

1. would have arrived 2. have to slow down 3. must have taken 4. would / lend

5. couldn’t have got lost 6. might have failed 7. must be 8. could have repaired

1. can drive 2. don’t have to live 3. are able to travel 4. must have felt

5. cannot manage 6. should have planned 7. could have known 8. might not have become

7 1. should wash 2. shouldn’t buy 3. had better not leave

8

4. should ride 5. had better pull over 6. should slow down.

Advanced Language

1. The roundabout, which is still being built, should make the junction safer. 2. My grandmother has ridden a scooter since she was 60. 3. Lin’s car was paid for by her parents. 4. They are going to have an engineer plan a new motorway. 5. She might not have enough money to buy a new car. 6. I wish I had my licence. 7. The driving examiner said that I had failed my driving test because I had been too nervous. 8. You had better arrive on time tomorrow.

skills PRACTICE 2 Topic Vocabulary Road Safety 1. vulnerable 2. seat belt 3. Jaywalking 4. reckless

5. zebra crossing 6. speeding 7. pavement

2. a

3. e

4. g

3. a

4. b

5. b

6. d

7. h

8. f

Listening

1. should pass the driving test. 2. should have arrived home by now. 3. should post the exam results today.

page 78

1

Negative results of accidents: victim, trapped Happy endings: safe, alive Other words connected to road accidents: crash, collide, ambulance, poor visibility, boy racers, bump into, fender-bender, pile-up

1. c

Grammar Review

9

3 Possible Answers


Advanced Language

Possible Answers 1. He didn’t stop at the stop sign. 2. She’s never distracted. 3. He didn’t notice it because he wasn’t concentrating. 4. You should let him pass. 5. They had been crossing the street. 6. It was going very fast.

4

1. c

5

1. a, b

6

7

2. d

2. b, c

3. a, c

4. a, c

1. She thinks that the idea of having a car that automatically activates the brakes is terrible. 2. The announcer only agrees with the second caller, John. 3. Because she thinks that if parents are always monitoring kids, kids will never learn to be independent. 4. He means that parents are starting to use safety devices to monitor their kids’ driving and keep their kids safe. Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

page 79 Speaking Reaching an Agreement

8 They agree that the suggestion should be made into a law

because they think that drink-drivers should be punished where it really hurts – by losing the right to drive.


30


9 Agree

page 80

I see your point. Exactly! All right then, we’ve agreed Disagree I disagree. That’s not how I see it. I suppose you’re right, but No way!

WRITING An Opinion Essay 1 1 The essay deals with whether or not the speed limit on motorways should be raised. The writer believes that the speed limit should not be raised

10

Possible Answers A: I think that drink-drivers should have their licence taken away for a year. B: Not in my opinion. It’s not fair – anyone can make a mistake. A: Oh, come on! Drinking and driving isn’t just a mistake – it’s really reckless! B: I suppose that’s true, but if it’s the first time, maybe the driver should get another chance. A: I think you’re wrong. Drinking and driving is too dangerous. These people shouldn’t be allowed to drive! B: I see what you mean. I suppose they should be punished where it hurts – by losing the right to drive. A: Absolutely! OK, so we’ve decided that this suggestion should be made into a law.

11

The example the writer gives is that at a collision speed of 80 km/h, the possibility of being killed is much greater than at a speed of 30 km/h.

2 a connector of cause: because (paragraphs I and III) /

since (paragraph II) a connector of result: consequently (paragraph III) a connector of addition: in addition (paragraph II) / as well as (paragraph IV) a connector of contrast: despite (paragraph I) / although (paragraph IV) an adverb of manner: efficiently (paragraph III) an adverb of degree: extremely (paragraph IV)

Accept students’ own answers.

Possible Answer We’ve agreed that cyclists should be required to have a licence because they ride on the roads and have to obey the traffic laws. We’ve also agreed that it is a good idea to ban cars from the city centre because it would be far safer for pedestrians. Besides, more people would go shopping in the city centre – and it would also be good for the environment. Finally, we’ve also decided that parents are often unaware of the way their children drive and they should take more responsibility. Making parents pay for any damage might help.

3 The writer suggests that people who are opposed to the idea of raising the speed limit should send an e-mail to the minister of transport.

Writing Skills Review

TA S K

2 A higher speed limit would lead to more accidents; accidents at higher speeds tend to result in worse injuries and more fatalities; speeding burns petrol less efficiently, which is bad for the environment.

Advanced Language

1. Most of

2. most

3. Most

4. Most of

page 81

3 P ossible Answers 1. Driving will be safer because of new safety devices such as air bags. 2. I’m quite upset about the accident. I’ve been crying all night. 3. Roundabouts are safer for drivers. Moreover, they reduce carbon emissions. 4. Thomas was in an accident because he drove carelessly. 5. Since drink-driving is dangerous, drunk drivers should be punished. 6. In spite of educational campaigns, many young drivers are reckless. 7. In order to pass your driving test, you need to practise your driving skills. 8. The traffic in this city is terrible. Consequently, they’re finally building an underground train.


31


4


5 Possible Answers Although the idea of raising the speed limit on some motorways, such as the M1 and the M6, could be a reasonable idea, obviously most motorists have not received adequate training to drive so fast.

TA S K An Opinion Essay

6


page 82

language consolidation 1 1. been

2. has 3. junction 4. can 5. For 6. collision

2 1. humorous

2. advertising 3. motorists 4. unaware 5. inattentive

7. roundabouts 8. slow 9. so 10. which 11. general / all / short 12. only 6. unexpectedly 7. annoying 8. oncoming 9. offence 10. threaten


32

TIME

OUT


page 83 READING

1

1. C 2. A, B 3. D 4. A, B 5. A 6. B

7. C, B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C

2 Possible Answer My parents would like me to study law, but I’m not sure what I want to do. I’d like to take a year off and travel and decide about university later, but my parents aren’t happy with that idea at all! page 84

L IFE SKILLS 1

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A

2

1. I’m seriously considering / I’m thinking of

2. In my opinion, that would be a waste of time. / That doesn’t seem like a good idea.

3. That’s just the point

4. What are you talking about

5. Don’t be silly

6. Don’t forget that

7. Have you ever considered

8. Let’s finish this discussion later

3 Possible Answer



33

Exam Exam Practice 1

Preparation

3 1. continued as a private joke

page 87

1 1. T – “Unsurprisingly, students are not opposed to this.”

2. T – “... teachers can easily review a student’s progress during the year.” 3. F – “... students are no more disruptive than before the use of the phones in the classroom.” 4. T – “At the moment, this teaching method is being used mainly in secondary-school classrooms.”

2 1. Because many students own sophisticated phones and

most schools haven’t got the money to give all students computers. 2. Using mobile phones allows schools to keep up with the times. Students can use their phones to find information and spend more time in class analysing it.

3 1. using their phone


2. are translated into pirate language

4 1. TLAP Day was inspired by these pirates.

2. The two kept speaking in pirate-like language.

5

1. threat 2. daring 3. speedy

6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. Exam Practice 3

page 89

1 1. c 2. b

2 1. F – “... the image of teenagers as irresponsible ... will be

2. be reviewed on special websites

4 1. Learning can be made fun by using the basic functions

of mobile phones. 2. Students find information which is then analysed in class / they then analyse in class.

changed.” 2. T – “It is therefore not surprising that many winning projects concern more global issues.” 3. F – “If you really want to make a difference in your world, you too can ‘change it’.”

5 1. opposed to

3 They hope it will result in young people becoming

2. sophisticated 3. storing 4. allow

4 1. more young people are involved in high-profile

responsible leaders in tomorrow’s society.

activities that benefit society 2. are educating people their age about the dangers of drinking


Exam Practice 2

5 1. A new scheme might interest you.

page 88

1 1. b 2. c 3. a

6 1. teamed up

2 1. F – “... especially fictional pirates like Johnny Depp as

2. Six youngsters were rewarded because they had organised visits.

Captain Jack Sparrow ...” 2. T – “By 2009, TLAP Day was celebrated in countries on every continent worldwide, including at the South Pole.” 3. F – “You will have plenty of fun ...”

2. threatening 3. the elderly 4. benefit



34


Exam Practice 4

Exam Practice 6

page 90

page 92

1 1. b

1 1. a

2. b

2. b

2 1. F – “So, working with a professional cycle-builder …”

2 1. T – “New Year’s Day was moved from April to January

2. T – “... because these offered free access to all residents.” 3. F – “One day, free book distribution in parks may even become international.”

3 1. Through the interest that was generated by Gabriel’s blog.

2. Gabriel has decided to accept money donations, and the project is raising funds through concerts and similar activities.

4 1. You would be unlikely to meet a man giving away books if

you didn’t live in Chicago. 2. Gabriel was informed that a permit was needed for him to operate.

5

1. giving away 2. reach 3. dismayed 4. fancy

...” 2. F – “... in Spain and parts of Spanish-speaking America ... ”

3 1. Both were jokes that were publicised on April Fools’

Day. 2. May Cat Day, similar to April Fools’ Day, is celebrated.

4 1. spaghetti trees were being grown in Switzerland

2. would boost intelligence

5

1. numerous 2. evolved 3. boost 4. take place


6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. Exam Practice 5

page 91

1 1. c 2. a

2 1. F – “... and the rights of natural resources to be protected

from developmental projects.” 2. T – “... while industrialisation and mining have also contributed to environmental damage.”

3 Bolivians believe that honouring the spirit of Pachamama

will work out the country’s environmental problems caused by global warming.

4 1. The new measures will be enforced by a special official.

2. The new law, which will honour the goddess’ spirit, will help the country’s environmental and economic problems.

5

1. carry out 2. current 3. work out 4. obtain



35

Listening

Practice


Listening Practice 1 page 94 Cycling Around the World 1. c

2. d

3. c

4. c

5. d

6. c

7. a

8. c

6. c

7. a

8. c

6. b

7. d

8. a

Listening Practice 2 page 95 Searching for Your Roots 1. b

2. d

3. c

4. d

5. d

Listening Practice 3 page 96 The High Price of Education 1. b

2. a

3. c

4. d

5. b

Listening Practice 4 page 97 Youth Hostels – Then and Now 1. a

2. b

3. b

4. a

5. a

6. d

7. c

8. b

7. a

8. c

7. a

8. b

Listening Practice 5 page 98 Steve Jobs 1. b

2. a

3. b

4. d

5. d

6. b

Listening Practice 6 page 99 Is Cheerleading a Sport? 1. c

2. b

3. d

4. a

5. b

6. c


36

Speaking

Practice

Speaking Practice 1

Reaching an Agreement page 105

1 1. c

photo description page 102

1 a. 1 b. 3 c. 2

2

Possible Answers

1. I can see a young girl standing alone. She looks upset. In the background, there is a couple who are hugging each other. 2. I suppose the boy used to be her boyfriend and they are no longer talking to each other. 3. She seems to be uncomfortable. I would imagine she feels jealous. 4. She has to decide whether to ignore them or say hello. 5. She’ll most likely walk away from them.

1 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5. f 6. a

2 Accept all logical answers. 3 Accept all logical answers. Speaking Practice 2 photo description page 104

1

2. e 3. b 4. a 5. d 6. f

2 Accept all logical answers.

Speaking Practice 3 Comparing Pictures page 106

1 1. c

2. a 3. d 4. b

2

Personal Interview page 103


Possible Answer 1. I can see victims trying to escape a flood. In the background, there are rescue workers. 2. I suppose that they had to leave their homes as the water level rose. 3. I would imagine they are frightened and in shock. 4. It seems likely that they will go to a shelter for their safety.

Possible Answers Both pictures show people living in isolated places with extreme weather conditions. The pictures are different because picture I is in the desert and picture II is in an Arctic community. 1. It must be difficult to get around and protect yourself from the extreme weather conditions. 2. Life is probably lonely and a struggle to survive. 3. In picture I, the man is probably a nomad and tends to his camels. In picture II, the people in this village probably work as fishermen. 4. In picture I, they probably use camels. In picture II, they probably use snowmobiles and dogsleds. 5. I would prefer the nomadic lifestyle because it must be exciting to live in a tent. 6. I would prefer to live in the desert because I can’t stand the cold.

Reaching an Agreement page 107 Accept all logical reasons.


37


Speaking Practice 4

Speaking Practice 6

photo description page 108

Comparing Pictures page 112

Possible Answer In the picture, you can see a young man sitting on a suitcase. In the background, there seems to be a small building that is locked. He might be waiting for someone to open the building for him. Perhaps he has arrived too early or the person has decided not to meet him. I would imagine that he is disappointed and impatient. It seems likely that he will leave soon.

Possible Answers The two pictures are similar because they show people on holiday. Both pictures show people relaxing outdoors. The pictures are different because in picture I, the people are camping while in picture II, they are at a hotel. One picture shows the sea in the background, while the other shows a swimming pool. The advantage of camping is that it’s inexpensive and peaceful. The disadvantage is that it’s hard work and not always comfortable. The advantage of a hotel is that you don’t have to work hard, but it’s an expensive vacation and can be very crowded. When camping, you can enjoy nature, while in a hotel, you can meet new people and participate in activities. I would prefer to stay in a hotel because when I am on holiday, I like to relax and not work hard.

Reaching an Agreement page 109 Accept all logical reasons.

Speaking Practice 5 Comparing Pictures page 110 Possible Answers Both pictures show people taking part in a sport. The pictures are similar because both sports take place outdoors and the people need to have a good sense of balance. The pictures are different because in picture I, the person is surfing while in picture II, the person is cycling on a mountain top. I think surfing is more dangerous and thrilling because the sea is unpredictable. Cycling is probably a more expensive sport because of all the equipment. I would prefer to cycle than to surf because cycling is a good way to travel around.

Reaching an Agreement page 113 Accept all logical answers.

Career Interview page 111

1 1. b

2. a 3. g 4. d 5. e 6. c 7. f

Career advisor: statements 1, 3, 5, 6 Student: statements 2, 4, 7

2 3

a. 1, 3, 5 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7

4



38

Culture

Extra


UNIT 1 Disney English page 116

UNIT 3 A Walk through a Hall of Fame page 118

1 1. “Disney English Centers are part of the growing private

1 1. They are examples of people who have been given

English education market in China.” (paragraph 2) 2. “... 23 Disney schools have opened since 2008 and there are plans to open more.” (paragraph 2) 3. “China has strict limits on foreign media ... ” (paragraph 3) 4. “The Disney Company stresses that the aim of the schools is to teach language skills, not to turn the pupils into future Disney consumers.” (paragraph 4)

2 1. d

2. a

recognition for their achievements by being selected for a hall of fame, even though they are not famous celebrities. 2. The major attraction is its popular sidewalk containing stars that represent film stars. 3. The history and culture of rock music is preserved by displaying the signatures of legendary musicians as well as memorabilia of famous bands and musicians. 4. Halls of fame aim to preserve the history and culture of different areas of interest, so that people can learn about individuals who accomplished great goals and helped improve our lives.

UNIT 2 Super Bowl: More Than a Game page 117

2 1. False – “... these individuals are not the famous

1 1. They gather and have fun all day before watching the

game in the evening. 2. Because the Super Bowl guarantees huge viewership for their adverts. 3. Viewers prefer funny adverts which will make them laugh. 4. Super Bowl adverts are different because people don’t ignore them.

celebrities we see and hear about in the media ...” (paragraph 1) 2. True – “Each year, a list of new candidates is drawn up ...” (paragraph 2) 3. True –“A hall of fame can be an actual museum or just a list of names which is displayed on walls or pavements ...” (paragraph 3) 4. False – “The wall of fame on the third floor displays the signature of each featured musician.” (paragraph 4)

2 1. Michael Jordan is an example of a celebrity who appears

UNIT 4 Space Junk page 119

1 1. b

in adverts to attract viewers’ attention. 2. The Ad Meter checks which Super Bowl advert is the most popular. 3. For a lot of people, TV adverts are a good time to go to the bathroom or eat something.”

2. a 3. a

2 1. Lottie Williams was surprised when she discovered

that the piece of metal that had hit her shoulder was a part of an old space rocket. 2. An astronaut’s glove is an example of the thousands of objects that are still circling the Earth. 3. Space debris is an expensive problem because even a tiny piece of junk can destroy a satellite that costs millions of dollars. 4. The crew on the International Space Station planned to evacuate because it was about to collide with an unidentified piece of junk.


39

Student’s Book | Answer Key UNIT 5 The Best Job in the World page 120

1 1. False – “More than 34,000 people applied ...”

(paragraph 1) 2. True – “Ben convinced the judges that he was right for the job because of his unusual job experience.” (paragraph 2) 3. True – “He made guest appearances and gave media interviews around the world ...” (paragraph 4) 4. False – “... he went on a four-month kayaking trip around the Great Barrier Reef to raise funds ...” (paragraph 4)

2 1. He had reported his travel adventures on his own

website and had been interviewed on television and radio. 2. The person chosen for the job would live in a rent-free luxury villa and would be paid $100,000. 3. Queensland wanted to encourage tourism to this incredible area. 4. The Great Barrier Reef offers an incredible selection of tourist activities such as swimming, snorkelling, hiking and kayaking.

UNIT 6 Green Personal Transport page 121

1 1. a 2. c 3. a

2 1. He liked that he could get to work 20 minutes faster

than usual by just riding a bicycle to work. 2. Cities should build more bike lanes, pass laws to protect cyclists’ security and invest money to persuade people to start cycling rather than using cars. 3. Because of bike-sharing programmes, there will be less air pollution and less noise. 4. Paris has also launched an electric-car-sharing programme so that people can rent small electric cars. 5. Because within six months after launching the bikesharing programme, 100,000 Londoners had already acquired programme memberships.


40

Grammar Rules and Practice 3 1. twice a week

UNIT 1 page 122 Present Tenses 1.

meets (Present Simple) organise (Present Simple) ’re discussing (Present Continuous) ’re having (Present Continuous with future meaning)

2. 1. organise (Present Simple) 2. meets (Present Simple) 3. ’re discussing (Present Continuous) 4. ’re having (Present Continuous)

Past Tenses 4. were ... waiting (Past Continuous) took out (Past Simple) were eating (Past Continuous)

2. am concentrating 3. starts 4. doesn’t weigh

2. graduated 3. isn’t studying 4. were doing 5. has 6. was … talking 7. didn’t get 8. Do … understand

Perfect Simple Tenses

5. are ... getting 6. doesn’t meet 7. aren’t listening 8. do ... want

2 1. was walking, got

2. this evening 3. at the moment 4. when 5. At 10 o’clock last night 6. while 7. usually 8. then

page 123

5. 1. took out (Past Simple) 2. were eating (Past Continuous) 3. were ... waiting (Past Continuous)

4 1. are … going

3. Because the verb know is a stative verb so it cannot be used in the Present Continuous.

1 1. does ... cost


2. were ... doing 3. didn’t know, tried / were trying 4. closed, wasn’t raining 5. was watching, were having 6. Did ... lose, crashed 7. didn’t expect / wasn’t expecting, surprised 8. Did ... disturb, was sleeping

1. had sat (Past Perfect Simple) ’ve been (Present Perfect Simple) ’ve planned (Present Perfect Simple) 2. 1. ’ve planned (Present Perfect Simple) 2. ’ve been (Present Perfect Simple) 3. had sat (Past Perfect Simple) Future Tenses

1. ’ll wear (Future Simple) 2. ’re going to tear (be going to) 3. ’ll find (Future Simple) 4. are ... going to wear (be going to) 5. ’ll be wearing (Future Continuous) 6. ’ll have thought (Future Perfect Simple)

5 1. Had ... met

2. had stolen 3. Have ... been


4. hadn’t invited 5. hasn’t done 6. haven’t talked.

41


6 1. ’ll come

2. are going to have 3. won’t be 4. is ... going to have

5. are going to drop 6. Will ... win 7. are going to write 8. am going to take

7 1. “I’ll be wearing a blue T-shirt.”

2. “No. I won’t have finished reading it by then.” 3. “Why? What will you be doing?” 4. “Really? Will they have fixed it by then?” 5. “OK. We’ll be sitting at our usual table.” 6. “At around noon. He probably will have woken up by then.” 7. “Yes. I will be travelling in the US all summer.”

8 1. will be sleeping

2. She has been trying to contact the doctor since yesterday. 3. They have been investigating it for months. 4. She had been driving for hours. 5. She has been touring in Italy for three weeks. 6. He had been working the night before.

4 1. haven’t seen

2. had been crying 3. haven’t had 4. have … been doing 5. had lost 6. had been studying

UNIT 2 page 125

2. are going to break 3. Have you seen 4. haven’t finished 5. are going to go shopping 6. will have ended 7. will win 8. hadn’t forgotten

Reported Speech Statements

page 124

3 1. They had been studying for them the entire year.

1. The main verb changes into the past / moves back in time. 2. pronouns, (this), time expressions

Questions

Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous

1. 1. b 2. a

Orders

2. 1. been, -ing 2. had, verb

1 1. had 2. have 3. had 4. Had

2 1. have been calling

2. haven’t been waiting 3. had been snowing 4. Has … been crying 5. had been calling 6. had been burning 7. has … been having 8. had been discussing

1. if / whether 2. A reported question is no longer a question, so it has the order of a statement, not a question.

1. infinitive 2. not to

5. has 6. has 7. had 8. has

Suggestions

a gerund

Reporting Verbs with Other Structures 1. infinitive 2. gerund 3. advise + object + infinitive / gerund remind + object + infinitive / that warn + object + infinitive

1 1. were, that

2. bought, there 3. had been spending 4. could, the following day 5. would, their


42


2 1. hadn’t seen, the day before

2 1. was being recorded

2. was starting, then 3. to stay, her 4. she, paid 5. trying / that we try / that they try 6. to give, his

3 1. Ben told me (that) he was going to pursue a career in

advertising. 2. Rachel recommended arriving / that I / we arrive on time. 3. Brad wondered where Sam had gone on holiday the previous summer. 4. Ms Gardner admitted that she had made a mistake / admitted making a mistake. 5. The museum guard ordered us not to take photographs in there. 6. Jane’s mum reminded her to return that book to the library.

2. was … invented 3. Have … read 4. has to be charged 5. doesn’t practise 6. will be remembered 7. is believed

3 1. Two paparazzi were attacked by Timberlake outside

a hotel. 2. Can celebrity gossip be read on the internet? 3. His autograph collection won’t be sold to Jo. 4. Are celebrities paid by designers to wear their clothes? 5. That story shouldn’t have been believed. 6. Lisa has been sent two concert tickets. / Two concert tickets have been sent to Lisa. 7. The celebrity wedding hasn’t been cancelled. 8. When will our new classroom be shown to us? / When will we be shown our new classroom?

UNIT 3 page 126

4 1. have / get … chosen

The Passive

1. We use the passive when we want to emphasise the action. 2. The passive is formed with the verb to be and a past participle.

Direct and Indirect Objects

UNIT 4 page 127 Conditionals

subject

1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a

Special Forms

2. have / get … cut 3 had / got … washed 4. have / get … painted 5. Will … have / get … repaired

that to be

The Causative

Imperatives, Modals and Time Clauses

have, get

1. first 2. both clauses 3. present

1 1. had been recorded 2. will be sold 3. isn’t usually sung 4. have been released 5. are being watched Only sentences 1 and 4 have agents because they are relevant and provide important information.

Wish Clauses

1. c 2. a 3. b


43


1 1. were, would study

2 The relative pronoun can be replaced by that in sentences 1, 4, 6 and 8. The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 1, 6 and 8.

2. had come, could have helped 3. would pay, didn’t have 4. will recycle, find 5. had worked, might have got 6. makes, uses 7. want, don’t throw

3 1. The recommendation (which / that) he sent to my

2 1. Global warming won’t stop unless we use them.

2. If someone had told me, I would have gone. 3. If the air were cleaner, I would go jogging. 4. As soon as prices go down, I will buy one. 5. If they aren’t organic, we need to wash them carefully. 6. If you haven’t eaten it by then, throw it out.

3 1. could join

2. had brought 3. had 4. would keep 5. knew 6. had come

Modals

be able to, have to, need to, don’t have to

Modal Perfects

Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses 1. defining 2. non-defining 3. non-defining 4. defining 5. is

Formal and Informal Structures 1. formal 2. informal 3. formal

2. who 3. when 4. who

2. with whom 3. to which 4. to whom

UNIT 6 page 129

1. who 2. that, which 3. where 4. when 5. whose

1 1. which

Relative Clauses

4 1. for which

UNIT 5 page 128

employer was very good. 2. Fiona, who studies engineering, is working on a new project. 3. There are several candidates whose applications we haven’t read. 4. She finally quit her babysitting job, which she had always disliked. 5. The university where he studies is in his home town. 6. I work late on Mondays, when there’s a lot of pressure. 7. That’s Mr Griffith, whose son teaches at our school. 8. People who / that are self-employed are usually quite independent.

1. must have 2. may / might have 3 could have 4. would have 5. should have 6. needn’t have 7. couldn’t have

Should / Had Better 1. a, c 2. b

5. where 6. which 7. whose 8. when


44


1 1. mustn’t

2. will be able to 3. might not 4. don’t have to 5. must 6. Shall 7. ought to 8. couldn’t

2 1. should have checked

2. must have missed 3. needn’t have told 4. could have solved 5. may not have eaten

3 1. might fall

2. could have picked 3. should slow down 4. must have left 5. should have stopped 6. must be

4 1. had better pull over

2. had better not let 3. had better work 4. had better not swim 5. had better tell


45

Pronunciation Practice page 130

page 131

UNIT 1

UNIT 3

1 Accept all correct sounds.

2 1. hair

2 1. CB

2. said 3. there 4. unknown

2. K 3. Q 4. I 5. HL 6. F 7. æ 8. O

UNIT 4

1 1. falls

3 1. advertise

2. graduate 3. championship 4. accent 5. whisper 6. apologise

5

2 1. re-place

/J/

/N/

/F/

/I/

something

smoking

gossip

room

come

notice

convince

food

none

so

across body online

UNIT 2

1 1. misleading /n/

2. complain /m/

2 1. meaning

2. been 3. sing 4. plane 5. thing

2. rises 3. falls 4. falls 5. falls 6. falls

2. re-new-a-ble 3. a-void 4. pol-lute 5. re-use 6. trea-sure 7. il-le-gal 8. lit-ter UNIT 5

2 1. liar 2. flower 3. tyre UNIT 6

2 1. rare /CL/ toys /Q/ fair /CL/ 2. poor /HL/ boy /Q/ chair /CL/z


46

Solucionari Student's book Advanced Contrast 2n Batx

Recommend Documents