Simbol-simbol dalam Fisika
No
Rumus
Simbol
Abjad Yunani
1
Alt 224
α
Alpha, huruf pertama
2
Alt 225
β
Beta, huruf kedua
3
Alt 226
ᴦ
Gamma, huruf ketiga
4
Alt 234
ω
Omega, huruf ke 24
5
Alt 237
φ
Phi, huruf ke-21
6 7
Alt 230 Alt 231
μ τ
Mu, huruf ke-12 Tau, huruf ke-19
8
Alt 233
θ
Theta, huruf ke 8
9
Alt 227
п
Pi, huruf ke 16
10 11 12
δ ε Κ
Delta Epsilon Kappa
13
λ
Lambda
14
ν
Nu
15
ξ
Xi
16
ρ
Rho
17
σ
Sigma
18
χ
Chi
19
ψ
Psi
Arti Simbol Fisika
Partikel radioaktif yang menyebabkan ionisasi mengandung muatan positif Partikel radioaktif yang menyebabkan ionisasi mengandung muatan negative Partikel radioaktif yang menyebabkan ionisasi mengandung muatan netral Simbol hambatan listrik; kecepatan sudut, huruf besarnya (Ω) untuk Ohm Fungsi Phi Euler Huruf besarnya (ɸ) berarti fluks magnet Rumus pengurangan massa Rumus torsi, T =r x F = τ Fsinθ Biasa digunakan sebagai simbol sudut geometri Biasa digunakan dalam rumus lingkaran, 22/7 Fungsi delta Diract Konstanta permitivitas listrik Modulus Bulk Panjang gelombang; rapat muatan listrik per satuan panjang Frekuensi Satu jenis baryon dinamai denganhuruf besarnya( Ξ ) Rapat massa atau muatan liastrik per satuan volum, juga resistivitas listrik (hambat jenis) Konduktivitas listrik; rapat muatan listrik per satuan luas. Juga untuk konstanta Stevan-Boltzmann Suseptibilitas, χm untuk magnet, dan χe untuk listrik Dalam fisika kuantum, digunakan
untuk menyatakan fungsi gelombang, yang menyatakan keadaan.
Simbol matematika dasar Nama
Simbol
Dibaca sebagai
Penjelasan
Contoh
Kategori
Kesamaan
=
sama dengan
x = y berarti x and y mewaki li hal atau nilai yang sama.
1+1=2
umum
Ketidaksamaan
≠
tidak sama dengan
x ≠ y berarti x dan y tidak mewakili hal atau nilai yang
1≠2
sama.
umum
<
Ketidaksamaan
x < y berarti x lebih kecil dari y .
>
5>4
lebih kecil dari; lebih besar dari
3<4
x > y means x lebih besar
dari y . order theory
Ketidaksamaan
≤
lebih kecil dari atau sama
x ≤ y berarti x lebih kecil dari atau sama dengan y .
dengan, lebih
≥
besar dari atau
x ≥ y berarti x lebih besar
sama dengan
dari atau sama dengan y .
3 ≤ 4 and 5
≤5 5 ≥ 4 and 5 ≥ 5
order theory
Perjumlahan
tambah
4 + 6 berarti jumlah antara 4 dan 6.
2+7=9
aritmatika
+ disjoint union
A1={1,2,3,4} ∧ A2={2,4,5,7} ⇒
the disjoint union A1 + A2 means the disjoint
of … and …
union of sets A1 and A2.
A1 + A2 = {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (2,2), (4,2), (5,2), (7,2)}
teori himpunan
Perkurangan
−
9 − 4 berarti 9 dikurangi 4. kurang
8−3=5
aritmatika
tanda negatif
negatif
−3 berarti negatif dari angka 3.
−(−5) = 5
aritmatika
set-theoretic complement
A − B berarti himpunan minus; without
yang mempunyai semua
{1,2,4}
anggota dari Ayang tidak
{2}
− {1,3,4} =
terdapat pada B . set theory
multiplication
kali
3 × 4 berarti perkalian 3 oleh 4.
7 × 8 = 56
aritmatika
× Cartesian product
X ×Y means the set of all ordered pairs with the first element of each pair
the Cartesian
selected from X and the second element selected
product of … and …; the direct from Y. product of … and
{1,2} × {3,4} = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2 ,4)}
…
teori himpunan
cross product
cross
u × v means the cross product of of vectors vectors u and v
(1,2,5) × (3,4,−1) =
(−22, 16, − 2)
vector algebra
division
÷ bagi
/
6 ÷ 3 atau 6/3 berati 6 dibagi 3.
2 ÷ 4 = .5 12/4 = 3
aritmatika
square root
akar kuadrat
√x berarti bilangan positif yang kuadratnya x .
√4 = 2
bilangan real
√ complex square root
φ) is if z = r exp(i φ) represented in polar
the complex square root of; square root
coordinates with - π < φ ≤ π,
then √z = √r exp(i φ/2). φ/2).
√(-1) = i
Bilangan kompleks
absolute value |x | means the distance in
||
nilai mutlak dari
the real line (or the complex plane)) betweenx and zero plane zero..
|3| = 3, |-5| = |5| |i | = 1, |3+4i | = 5
numbers
factorial
!
faktorial
n ! adalah hasil dari
4! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4
1×2×...× n .
= 24
X ~ D , means the random
X ~ N(0,1),
variable X has has the
the standard standard
probability distribution D .
normal distribution
A ⇒ B means if A is true
x = 2 ⇒ x = 4 is
then B is also true; if A is
true, but x = 4
false then nothing is said
⇒ x = 2 is in
combinatorics
probability distribution
~
has distribution; tidk terhingga
statistika
⇒
→
material implication
implies; if .. then
about B .
2
2
general false (sincex could be
→ may mean the same as
−2).
⇒, or it may have the
⊃
meaning for functions for functionsgiven given below. propositional logic ⊃ may mean the same as ⇒, or it may have the
meaning for superset for supersetg given below.
material equivalence
⇔
A ⇔ B means A is true if and only if; iff if B is true and A is false
↔
if B is false.
x + 5 = y +2 ⇔ x + 3 =y
propositional logic
logical negation The statement ¬A is true if
¬
and only if A is false. ¬(¬A) ⇔ A
not A slash placed through
˜
x ≠ y ⇔ ¬(x = y )
another operator is the propositional same as "¬" placed in front. logic
logical conjunctionor conjunction or me
∧
et in a lattice
The statement A ∧ B is true if A andB are both true; else it is false.
and
n < 4 ∧ n >2 ⇔ n = 3 when n is a natural number .
propositional logic,,lattice logic theory
logical
n ≥ 4 ∨ n ≤
disjunctiono disjunction or join
2 ⇔ n ≠ 3
in a lattice
The statement A ∨ B is true when n is
∨
propositional logic,,lattice logic theory
if A or B (or (or both) are true; if a natural number . both are false, the statement is false. \
The xor
statement A
⊕
⊕ B is true
when either A propositio nal logic,,Bool logic ean
or B, but not both, are
⊻
true. A ⊻B me
||exclusive or
ans the same.
algebra universal quantification
∀
for all; for any; for each
∀ x : P (x ) means P (x ) is true
for all x .
2
∀ n ∈ N: n
≥ n .
predicate logic existential quantification
∃
there exists predicate logic
∃ x : P (x ) means there is at
least onex such that P (x ) is true.
∃ n ∈ N: n is even.
(¬A) ⊕ A is
always true,A ⊕
A is always false.
uniqueness quantification ∃! x : P (x ) means there is
∃!
there exists
exactly one x such that P (x )
exactly one
is true.
∃! n ∈ N: n + 5 =
2n .
predicate logic definition
:=
defined to be another name is defined as
for y (but note that ≡ can also mean other things,
≡ :⇔
x := y or x ≡ y means x is
such as congruence congruence)). everywhere P :⇔ Q means P is defined to be logically equivalent
cosh x := (1/2)(exp x + exp (−x )) ))
A XOR B :⇔ (A ∨ B ) ∧ ¬(A ∧ B )
to Q . set brackets
{,}
the set of ...
{a ,b ,c } means the set consisting of a a, b , and c .
N = {0,1,2,...}
teori himpunan set builder
{:}
notation the set of ... such
{|}
that ...
{x : P (x )} )} means the set of 2
all x for which P (x ) is true.
{n ∈ N : n < 20} =
{x | P (x )} )} is the same as
{0,1,2,3,4}
{x : P (x )}. )}.
teori himpunan himpunan kosong
∅
∅ berarti himpunan yang
tidak memiliki elemen. {} himpunan kosong
juga berarti hal yang sama.
2
{n ∈ N : 1 < n < 4} =∅
{}
teori himpunan
set membership
∈
is an element of; a ∈ S means a is an is not an element element of the of
∉
set S ; a ∉ S means a is not an element of S .
(1/2) −1
2
−1
∈N
∉N
everywhere, teori himpunan subset
⊆
element of A is also is a subset of
⊂
A ⊆ B means every
teori himpunan
superset
⊇
element of B .
A ⊂ B means A ⊆ B but A ≠ B . A ⊇ B means every element of B is also
is a superset of element of A.
⊃
A ∩ B ⊆ A; Q ⊂ R
teori himpunan
A ∪ B ⊇ B ; R ⊃ Q
A ⊃ B means A ⊇ B but A ≠ B .
set-theoretic union
∪
the union of ... and ...; union
A ∪ B means the set that contains all the elements
A ⊆ B ⇔ A ∪ B =
from A and also all those
B
from B , but no others.
teori himpunan set-theoretic
∩
intersection intersected with; intersect
A ∩ B means the set that 2
contains all those elements
{x ∈ R : x =
that A and B have in
1} ∩ N = {1}
common.
teori himpunan set-theoretic complement
\
minus; without
A \ B means the set that contains all those elements of A that are not in B .
{1,2,3,4} \ {3,4,5,6} = {1,2}
teori himpunan function applicati on of
()
2
f (x ) berarti nilai
Jika f (x ) := x ,
fungsi f pada elemenx .
makaf (3) (3) = 3 = 9.
2
teori himpunan precedence grouping
Perform the operations inside the parentheses first.
(8/4)/2 = 2/2 = 1, but 8/(4/2) = 8/2 = 4.
umum function arrow
f :X → Y
from ... to
f : X → Y means the
Let f : Z
→ N be
function f maps the
defined
set X into the set Y .
by f (x ) = x .
2
teori himpunan function composition
o
if f (x ) = 2x ,
f og is the function, such that and g (x ) = x + 3, composed with
(f og )( )(x ) = f (g (x )). )).
then (f og )( )(x ) = 2(x + 3).
teori himpunan Bilangan asli
N berarti {0,1,2,3,...}, but see the article on natural
N
numbers for a different
{|a | : a ∈ Z} = N
