Reactividad de Los Metales-Acido Bases

REACTIVIDAD DE METALES-ACIDOS Y BASES UNIVERSIDAD DE LA AMAZONIA FACULTAD ACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS PROGRAMA DE QUÍMICA María Mercede M!"a#! L!ada$ Bra%a##e A"e&' Ce(a""! R')era Resumen

A "! "ar* "ar*! ! de e+e e+e +ra( +ra(a, a,! ! )a! )a! a re.er e.er'r 'r#! #! !(r !(re e /# +ea +ea /% /% '#+erea#+e0 e" c/a" e +ra+a de "a reac+')'dad de "! e+a"e$ C/1"e !# "a ca/a de "a d'.ere#c'a e# "a reac+')'dad de "! e+a"e0 ! e# !+ra 2r!2'edade 3/e )aría# de e"ee#+! a e"ee#+!$ E+a d'.ere#c'a e 2/ede# dar de2e#d'e#d! e# 3/e ed'! e+4# 51c'd! ! (ae60 +a('4# de2e#d'e#d! de" e+a" 3/e e !e+e$

Palabras claves: ac'd!0 (ae0 e+a"e0 reac+')'dad$ Abstract

 T7r!/*7!/+ +7' 2a2er 8e 8'"" re.er a(!/+ a )er% '#+ere+'#* +!2'c0 87'c7 ' +7e reac+')'+% !. e+a"$ 97a+ are +7e ca/e !. +7e d':ere#ce '# reac reac+' +')' )'+% +% !. e+a e+a" "00 !r !+7e !+7err 2r!2 2r!2er+ er+'e 'e +7a+ +7a+ )ar% )ar% .r! .r! e"e e"ee#+ e#+ +! e"ee#+$ T7ee d':ere#ce ca# (e *')e# de2e#d'#* !# 87'c7 7a". are 5ac'd !r (ae60 a"! de2e#d'#* !# +7e e+a" ' /(,ec+ed$ Keywords: ac'd0 (ae0 e+a"0 reac+')'+%$

INTRODUCCION:

L! e+a"e !# /# c!#,/#+! de e"ee#+! 3/í'c! 3/e 2!ee# /#a er'e de carac+ ac+erí rí+'ca .í'ca % 3/í'ca 3/e "! 7ace# e2ec e2ec'a 'a"e "e % "! "! d'.er d'.ere# e#c' c'a# a# de "! de1 e"ee#+! de "a +a("a 2er';d'ca$ D'c7a 2r!2'edade e

2/ed 2/ede# e# e)'d e)'de# e#c' c'ar ar de a#e a#era ra e&2er' e&2er'e# e#+a" +a" e# e" "a(!ra "a(!ra+!r' +!r'!0 !0 de2e de2e#d #d''e#d! e#d! de" de" ed' ed'! ! e# e" c/a" e e#c/e#+re# 2/ede# reacc reacc'!# '!#ar ar de a#era a#era d'+'# d'+'#+a +a. [! Reacc"#n con $c"dos

E" !r! e /# e,e2"! de e+a" 3/e /.re e+e +'2! de reacc';#0 2er! +'e#e /#a c!#d'c';#< #! reacc'!#a c!# 1c'd! a'"ad!$ Para 3/e e" a+a3/e /ceda e #ecear'! /#a e=c"a de 1c'd!0 e ""aada a*/a re*'a$ E+a !"/c';# e .!ra de "a /#';# de 1c'd! c"!r7ídr'c! 5>C"6 % 1c'd! #í+r'c! 5>NO?6$ Ec/ac';# de 2r!ce!< A/ 56 @ ? >NO? 5a36 @  >C" 5a36  >A/C" 5a36 @ ? >O 5"6 @ ? NO 5*6 Reacc"#n con a%ua

E" a*/a reacc'!#a c!# a"*/#! e+a"e !r'*'#a#d! c!! 2r!d/c+! *a 7'dr;*e#! 5>6 e 7'dr;&'d! de !d'! 5NaO>6$ E+! e+a"e !# 2er+e#ec'e#+e a "a c"ae de e+a"e a"ca"'#! % e+a"e a"ca"'#!-+err!!0 c!!< L'+'! 5L'60 Bar'! 5Ba60 Ce'! 5C60 P!+a'! 560 Rad'! 5Ra60 Ca"c'! 5Ca60 E+r!#c'! 5Sr60 e#+re !+r!$ Ec/ac';# de 2r!ce!<  Ba 56 @  >O 5"6   BaO> 5a36 @ > 5*6 Reacc"#n con bases

S;"! /#! 2!c! e+a"e +'e#e# "a 2r!2'edad de reacc'!#ar c!# (ae0 3/e !#< ='#c 5Z#60 2"!! 5P(60 e+a! 5S#60 a"/'#'! 5A/6$ Ec/ac';# de 2r!ce!< Z# 56 @  NaO> 5a36  NaZ#O 5a36 @ > 5*6 E" 2r!d/c+! er1 /#a a" % *a 7'dr;*e#! 5>6$ [&!

'l ob(et"vo %eneral de la )r$ct"ca *ue com)robar e+)er"mentalmente la d"*erenc"a de react"v"dad de los metales *rente a sustanc"as de car$cter $c"do o b$s"co ,'TODO-OIA Reacción agua fría

de

metales

con

C!"!ca!  " de a*/a a +e2era+/ra a('e#+e e#  +/(! de e#a%! % "! e+'3/e+a! aí< H M*0  Fe0 ? C/0  Z#0  A"0  S#0 J P(0  Ca$ C!"!ca! e" e+a" e# e" +/(! de e#a%! c!rre2!#d'e#+e$ O(er)a! ' 7a% reacc';# ' e 2r!d/ce# (/r(/,a de *a % c/a"3/'er ca('! de c!"!r ! +aa! de" e+a"$ Reacciones de metales con agua caliente

C!"!ca! cada /#! de "! +/(! e# /# (eaKer de  " c!#  " de a*/a$ N! c!"!ca! e" +/(! de e#a%! 3/e c!#+e#ía Ca e# e+e (a! de a*/a$ Ca"e#+a! 7a+a ca' e(/""'c';# de" a*/a$ Reacciones de los metales con HCl 

Ad'c'!#a! ? " de >C" M a cada +/(! 3/e c!#+e#ía e" e+a"$ Reacciones de los metales con HNO3

Re2e+'! e" 2a! a#+er'!r 2ara cada /#! de "! +/(! /+'"'=a#d! >NO?$

de" C/$ E" M*0 Fe0 S#0 A"0 Z#0 P(0 a 2ear de 3/e 2/ede# de2"a=ar e" 7'dr!*e#!0 #! !# /% ac+')! c!# e" a*/a$

Reacciones de los metales con NaOH

Re2e+'! e" 2a! a#+er'!r 2ara cada /#! de "! +/(! /+'"'=a#d! NaO>$ R'/U-TADO/ 0 ANA-I/I/ D' R'/U-TADO/

REACCION CON AGUA FRIA METAL ECUACION M* M* @  >O  > @ M*5O>6 Fe  Fe @  >O  Fe5O>6 @ > C/ C/ @ >O  C/O @ > S# S# @ >O  > @ !# A"  A" @  >O   A"5O>6? @ ? > Z# Z# @  >O  > @ Z#5O>6 P( P( @  >O  > @ P(5O>6 Ca Ca @  >O  Ca5O>6 @ >

Se*# "a ac+')'dad de "! e+a"e e" ca"c'! e /# e+a" /% ac+')! 3/e reacc'!#a )'!"e#+ae#+e c!# e" a*/a 2ara 2r!d/c'r /#a !"/c';# de 7'dr;&'d! de ca"c'! a 7'dr!*e#! *ae!! 5a" '! +'e2! !c/rre /#a reacc';# e&!+4r'ca6$ L! de1 e"ee#+! 2/ede 3/e #! 7a%a# reacc'!#ad! de('d! a 3/e / er'e de ac+')'dad e+a 2!r de(a,! de" 7'dr!*e#! % #! "! 2/ede# de2"a=ar c!! e" ca!

METAL M* Fe C/ S# A" Z# P(

REACCION CON AGUA CALIENTE ECUACION REA M* @  >O  > @ M*5O>6 S'  Fe @  >O  Fe5O>6 @ > S' C/ @ >O  C/O @ > N! S# @ >O  > @ !# N!  A" @  >O   A"5O>6? @ ? > N! Z# @  >O  > @ Z#5O>6 N! P( @  >O  > @ P(5O>6 N!

E" a*#e'! % e" 7'err! +'e#e# /#a a"+a ac+')'dad a /#a a"+a +e2era+/ra0 e+! e de(e a 3/e "! e"ee#+! 3/e e e#c/e#+re# de(a,! de" ca"c'! % 2!r e#c'a de" 7'err! c/e#+a# c!# /#a *ra# reac+')'dad % 2/ede# de2"a=ar e" 7'dr!*e#! *ae!! 3/e e *e#era e# e" 2r!ce!$ E" e+a! % e" 2"!! a" e#c!#+rare 2!r de(a,! de" 7'err! #! 2/ede# de2"a=ar e" 7'dr!*e#! de" )a2!r de a*/a$

METAL M* Fe C/ S# A" Z# P(

REACCION CON >C" ECUACION M* @  >C"  M*C" @ >  Fe @  >C"   FeC"? @ ? > C/ @  >C"  C/C" @ > S# @ >C"  S#C" @ > A" @ >C"  A"C"? @ > Z# @ >C"  > @ Z#C" P( @ >C"  > @ P(C"

REACCI S' !c/rr S' !c/rr N! !c/r N! !c/r S' !c/rr S' !c/rr N! !c/r

L! e+a"e 3/e #! reacc'!#a# *e#era"e#+e c!# e" a*/a 2/ede 3/e ' reacc'!#e# e# /# ed'! ac'd!0 "! e,e2"! de e+! !# M*0 Fe0 A"0 Z#$ L! e+a"e a" e+ar e# /# ed'! ac'd! +'e#de# a !&'dare0 e+e +'2! de reacc';# e ""aa red!&$ S'# e(ar*!0 "! e+a"e +a"e c!! e" S# % P( a" e+ar +a# cerca de" 7'dr!*e#! #ece'+a# /# ac'd! ./er+e 2ara 2!der reacc'!#ar %a 3/e / ac+')'dad e d4('"0 de('d! a e! e" 7'dr!*e#! de" >C" de('d! a 3/e #! e /# ac'd! /% ./er+e #! 2/ede "!*rar 3/e e !&'de e" e+a"$

METAL M* Fe C/ S# A" Z# P(

METAL M* Fe C/ S# A" Z# P(

REACCION CON NaO> ECUACION M* @ NaO>  M*5O>6 @ Na Fe @ NaO>  Fe5O>6? @ Na C/ @ NaO>  C/5O>6 @ Na S# @ NaO>  > @ NaS#O A" @ NaO>  > @ Na?A"O? Z# @ NaO>  > @ NaZ#O P( @ NaO>  > @ NaP(O

L! e+a"e +'e#e# /#a /% (a,a ac+')'dad c!# "a (ae0 !c/rr'ría ca' "! '! 3/e e# e" ca! de" a*/a0 2er! 7a% /#a e&ce2c'!#e e# "! c/a"e "! e+a"e !# a#.;+er!0 e+! '*#'ca 3/e 2/ede# reacc'!#ar +a#+! c!# ac'd! c!! c!# (ae0 e+! REACCION CON >NO? !c/rre e# e" ca! de" e+a!0 ECUACION a"/'#'! % 7'err!$

M* @ >NO?  > @ M*5NO?6 Fe @ >NO?  > @ Fe5NO?6? C/ @ >NO?  C/5NO?6 @ >O @ CONC-U/ION'/ NO S# @ >NO?  >O @ NO @ S#O Se 2/d! c!#c"/'r 3/e "! e+a"e A" @ >NO?  A"5NO?6? @ > de2e#d'e#d! e# 3/e ed'! e+4# Z# @ >NO?  > @ Z#5NO?6 +'e#e# d'.ere#+e +'2! de P( @ >NO?  > @ P(5NO?6 ac+')'dad0 ade1 de e!0 "!

E# e+e ca!0 "! re/"+ad! !# ''"are a "! !(+e#'d! c!# e" >C" de('d! a 3/e e" >NO? e /# ac'd! ./er+e 3/e 2!dría 7acer reacc'!#ar a "! de1 e+a"e 2r!(ad!0 2er! de('d! a / (a,a c!#ce#+rac';#0 #! e 2/ede *e#erar e" '! re/"+ad! 3/e c/a#d! e+a c!#ce#+rad!$

e+a"e +a('4# 2/ede# +e#er /#a 2ec/"'ar'dad "a c/a" e 3/e a"*/#! !# a#.;+er! "! 3/e 2er'+e 3/e e 2/eda# 7acer reacc'!#ar +a#+! e# /# ed'! (1'c! c!! ac'd!$ R'1'R'NCIA/ [! Va"derraa0 N$ 5H0 6$

Reac+')'dad de "! e"ee#+! e+a"'c!$ Acade'a$ed/$

REACCI N! !c/ S' !c/ N! !c/ S' !c/ S' !c/ N! !c/ N! !c/

O(+e#'d! H0 H0 de 7++2<888$acade'a$ed/J Reac+')'dadde"!e"ee#+!  e+C?AH"'c! [&! A$ 5H0 6$ Reac+')'dad de

"!

e+a"e$ Ec/e"a2ed'a$

O(+e#'d! H0 H0 de 7++2<888$ec/e"a2ed'a$c!rea c+')'dad-de-"!-e+a"e