PROYECTO MECANISMO DE LEVA
CRHISTIAN CAMILO VARGAS VARGAS GRANADOS GR ANADOS CARLOS ROBERTO DUARTE
FUNDACION UNIVERSITARIA LOS LIBERTADORES FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA PROGRAMA DE INGENIERIA MECANICA MECANISMOS BOGOTA – CUNDINAMARCA 2014
CONTENIDO
Pág. INTRODUCCION 1.
CONCEPTO DE LEVA
8
1.1.
CARACTERISTICAS
9
2.
TIPOS DE LEVAS
9
2.1.
CLASIFICACIÓN DE LEVAS POR SU FORMA
9
2.1.1. L!" # $%"&'"#( ( $%"&'")*+,.
9
2.1.1.1.
L!"& # #*&)(.
10
2.1.1.2.
L!"& # $"-(% ( )*'/,#%*)".
10
2.1.1..
L!"& )(,g"#"&.
10
2.1.1.4.
L!"& # )"%" ( )%%"#".
10
2.1.2. C'"&*3*)")*(,& # '(& &g*#(%&.
10
.
NOMENCLATURA DE LAS LEVAS
11
.1.
EL DESPLAAMIENTO DEL SEGUIDOR
11
.2.
EL DESPLAAMIENTO DE LA LEVA
11
..
EL PERFIL DE LA LEVA
11
.4.
PUNTO TRAADOR
11
.5.
CURVA PRIMITIVA
11
.6.
CIRCULO DE LA BASE
11
.7.
CIRCULO PRIMARIO
11
.8.
NGULO DE PRESIÓN
11
4.
DISEO DE PROTOTIPO
12
4.1.
PROTOTIPO
1
4.2.
MATERIALES
1
4..
FORMA DE FUNCIONAMIENTO Y FABRICACION
1
5.
CRONOGRAMA
14
BIBLIOGRAFIA
15
FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA
E, '" :%&,$ -"$%*" , ' :%(g%"-" # I,g,*%/" M)á,*)" # M)",*&-(&; & #&" #*&<"% = ''!"% " )"( , :%(=)$( , ' )"' & :#" #-(&$%"% = :(,% " :%" '(& )(,()*-*,$(& $+%*)(& -(&$%"#(& , '" )'"& :%&,)*"' # &$". D $"' -",%" #*&<"% , -)",*&-( &)(g*#( :(% ' :%(3&(% # '" -"$%*"; > :"%" &$ g%:( )(%%&:(,# )(-( ' M)",*&-( # '"& L!"&. E&$ -)",*&-( $*, > , :%($($*:( 3,)*(,"' > # &% -(&$%"#( = ?:&$( ",$ ' :%(3&(% # '" -"$%*" "' 3*,"' #' :%&,$ &-&$%.
@USTIFICACION
E&$ :%(=)$( & ") )(, ' 3*, "-:'*"% !"%*(& # '(& )(,()*-*,$(& #"#(& , '" )'"& :%&,)*"' # M)",*&-(&; & %"'*" -#*",$ , (%#, > )-:'*%á )(, #(& :"%$&; ," :%*-%" )(-( #()-,$( &)%*$( > &&$,$ ' $%""( $+%*)( = ," &g,#" :"%$ # , :%($($*:( 3,)*(,"' ( -">$" > -&$% & 3,)*(,"-*,$( )(, -"$%*"'& 3*)*,$& = )"%")$%/&$*)"& #' -)",*&-( )(, & %&:)$*!" &&$,$")*+, :%(:*" # &$ # 3(%-" $+%*)" ( :%('-" " %&('!% -"$-á$*)"-,$.
OB@ETIVO GENERAL
•
D-(&$%"% # 3(%-" ?:%*-,$"' '(& )(,()*-*,$(& :&$(& , )'"& # M)",*&-(& -#*",$ ' #&"%%(''( # , :%($($*:( # -)",*&-( '!" ?:%*-,$"'.
OB@ETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
•
•
•
•
I,!&$*g"% ' 3,)*(,"-*,$(; &( = ,"$%"'" # , -)",*&-( # '!"; #-(&$%",#( # &$" -",%" & *-:(%$",)*" , ' $%""( # '" *,g,*%/" , ' -,#(. D*&<"% = 3"%*)"% , -)",*&-( > 3,)*(, )(, -"$%*"'& #)$*'& = 3*)*,$& :"%" #-(&$%"% && )"%")$%/&$*)"& # -(!*-*,$(; $*:(; )%*$%*(&; '=& = #-á& )(,):$( :%(:*(& #' -)",*&-(. T%"""% , g%:( :"%" '" *,!&$*g")*+, # &$ :%(=)$( = ")*" '" ')$%" # &$(& $-"& # '!". G"%",$*"% ' , 3,)*(,"-*,$( #' :%(=)$( , 3/&*)( )(, "*'*#"#& # )(,()*-*,$( , -"$%*"'& # *,g,*%/" = $%-*,(& # ")""#(& # -)",*"#( :"%" &:%3*)*&.
MARCO CONCEPTUAL
Mecanismo: S(, '-,$(& #&$*,"#(& " $%",&-*$*% =( $%",&3(%-"% 3%"& =( -(!*-*,$(& #&# , '-,$( -($%* -($(% " , '-,$( )(,#)*#( %):$(%; )(, '" -*&*+, # :%-*$*% "' &% -",( %"'*"% #$%-*,"#(& $%""(& )(, -"=(% )(-(#*#"# = -,(& &3%(. Cadena Cinemática: E& , )(,,$( # &'"(,& ,*#(& :(% :"%& )*,-á$*)(&. Esla!n: U, &'"+, $*, #(& ( -á& :"%& ( '-,$(& # )(,?*+,; :(% -#*( # '(& )"'& & :#, ,*% " ($%(& '-,$(& )(, ' 3*, # $%",&-*$*% 3%" ( -(!*-*,$(. Le"a: E, *,g,*%/" -)á,*)"; ," '!" & , '-,$( -)á,*)( > &$á &$( " , :(% , :,$( > ,( & & ),$%( g(-$%*)(; &*,( , "'"#( # ),$%(. E, '" -"=(%/" # '(& )"&(& & # 3(%-" (!(*#. E' g*%( #' ") > ' :%3*' ( )(,$(%,( # '" '!" $(>; -!"; -: ( )(,)$ )(, ," :*" )(,()*#" )(-( &g*#(%. E?*&$, #(& $*:(& # &g*#(%&H # $%"&'")*+, = # %($")*+,. Se#$ido%: E' g*%( #' ") > ' :%3*' ( )(,$(%,( # '" '!" $(>; -!"; -: ( )(,)$ )(, ," :*" )(,()*#" )(-( &g*#(%. Moto% de com$sti!n: U, -($(% # )(-&$*+, *,$%,"; -($(% " ?:'(&*+, ( -($(% " :*&$+,; & , $*:( # -á>*," > ($*, ,%g/" -)á,*)" #*%)$"-,$ # '" ,%g/" >/-*)" # , )(-&$*' > "%# #,$%( # '" )á-"%" # )(-&$*+,. &%ol de Le"as: U, á%(' # '!"& & , -)",*&-( 3(%-"#( :(% , , ' > & )('()", #*&$*,$"& '!"&; > :#, $,% #*&$*,$"& 3(%-"& = $"-"<(& = &$"% (%*,$"#"& # #*3%,$ -",%"; :"%" ")$*!"% #*3%,$& -)",*&-(& " *,$%!"'(& %:$*$*!(&; )(-( :(% -:'( ,"& !á'!'"&; & #)*% )(,&$*$= , $-:(%*"#(% -)á,*)( )/)'*)(; $"-*, #,(-*,"#( :%(g%"-"#(% -)á,*)(.
MARCO TEORICO
Dia#%ama de Des'la(amiento C(, ($( # *,!&$*g"% ' #*&<( # '"& '!"& , g,%"'; ' -(!*-*,$( # ,$%"#" )(,()*#( & #,($"%á :(% $ = ' # &"'*#" :(% Y. S (&%!"%á, '"& #3*,*)*(,& # Y = :"%" !"%*(& $*:(& # '!"&. E&$"& 3*g%"& -&$%", $"-*, > = & ," #*&$",)*" # $%"&'")*+, :"%" , &g*#(% # -(!*-*,$( "'$%,"$*!(J :%( & , á,g'( :"%" , &g*#(% (&)*'",$.
Mo"imiento Cicloidal E' -(!*-*,$( )*)'(*#"' ($*, & ,(-% # '" )%!" g(-$%*)" ''"-"#" )*)'(*#. C(-( & -&$%" " '" *>*%#" # '" 3*g%" 2; , )/%)'( # %"#*( L27T; , #(,# L & '" '!")*+, $($"'; 3)$"%á ?")$"-,$ ," %!(')*+, "' %(#"% " '( '"%g( # '" (%#,"#"; #&# ' (%*g, "&$" = K L. U, :,$( P #' )/%)'(; '()"'*"#( *,*)*"'-,$ , ' (%*g,; $%"" , )*)'(*# )(-( & -&$%". S* ' )/%)'( %#" &*, %&"'"% )(, ," !'()*#"# )(,&$",$; '" g%á3*)" # '" :(&*)*+, !%$*)"' = #' :,$( )(,$%" ' $*-:( #" ' #*"g%"-" # #&:'""-*,$(& > & -&$%" " '" #%)" # '" 3*g%".
INTRODUCCION
E, &$ :%(=)$( & #-(&$%"%" ' 3,)*(,"-*,$( *-:(%$",)*" #' -)",*&-( # L!" , '" *,g,*%/" #' -,#( -(#%,(; '" *-:(%$",)*" # &$ -)",*&-( , -á>*,"& 3,)*(,"'& # '" !*#" #*"%*" )(-( &(, -($(%& # )(-&$*+,; -">*,"& *,#&$%*"'& = -)(& ($%(&.
V%-(& '" 3(%-" , > & $%"$" # #-(&$%"% # 3(%-" ?:%*-,$"' '(& )(,()*-*,$(& :&$(& , )'"& # -)",*&-(& -#*",$ , #&"%%(''( $+%*)( = , :%($($*:( ?:%*-,$"' = #*&<"% = 3"%*)"% , -)",*&-( > 3,)*(, )(, -"$%*"'& #)$*'& = 3*)*,$&.
L" -$(#('(g/" " $*'*"% &%á # -",%" #*!*#*#" #%",$ $(#( ' &-&$% ")"#-*)( > )(-:$ '" :%&,$ -"$%*" # M)",*&-(&; &%á, $%& :"%$& , '"& )"'& ," :%*-%" & ,$%g"%" , ",$:%(=)$( &)%*$(; ," &g,#" ,$%g" )(, "'g,(& "!",)& = -"%)(& %3%,)*"'&; = ," '$*-" ,$%g" # , #()-,$( 3*,"' &)%*$( ,$( " , :%($($*:( 3,)*(,"'. T"-*, " '" :"% # , )%(,(g%"-" & %"'*"%", $"%"& " )-:'*% 3%,$ " '" *,!&$*g")*+,; #*&<( = 3"%*)")*+, #' -(#'( ( :%($($*:( 3,)*(,"' :"%" > &$ & ''! " )"( = & )-:'" )(, '"& ?:)$"$*!"& :'",$"#"&.
1. CONCEPTO DE LEVA L"& '!"& &(, -)",*&-(& > :%-*$, )(,!%$*% ' -(!*-*,$( # %($")*+, ,*3(%- # ," '!"; #*&:&$" , ' )(,$(%,( # , #*&)( ( &(% ," &))*+, )*'/,#%*)"; , ($%( -(!*-*,$( :%!*"-,$ &$"')*#(; > & $%",&-*$ " ($%( -*-%( # )"#," )*,-á$*)"J :#*,#( &% ," :"'",)"; ," )(%%#%"; , "'",)/,; $). E& , '-,$( # -">*,"%*" #*&<"#( :"%" g,%"% , -(!*-*,$( #$%-*,"#( " , &g*#(% :(% -#*( # )(,$")$( #*%)$(. E& g,%"' '"& '!"& & -(,$", &(% & %($"$*!(&; ",> $"-*, & &", &$")*(,"%*"-,$ )(, , &g*#(% -(!*,#(& "'%##(% # &$"&. L"& '!"& $"-*, :%(#), -(!*-*,$( (&)*'"$(%*( ( :#, )(,!%$*% -(!*-*,$(& # 3(%-" " ($%". 1.1.
CARACTERISTICAS
T(#(& '(& -)",*&-(& # '!"& & )(-:(,, # )",#( -,(& $%& &'"(,&H
L" '!" > $*, ," &:%3*)* # )(,$")$( )%!" ( #%)".
Sg*#(% ( :"':"#(% > " $%"!& # ," !"%*''" %"'*" ' -(!*-*,$( :%(#)*#( :(% ' )(,$")$( )(, ' :%3*' # '" '!".
B",)"#"; '" )"' &*%! # &(:(%$ = g/" " '" !"%*''" = " '" '!" 2. TIPOS DE LEVAS
T*:(& # '!"& -á& )(-,& $*'*"#(& , -)",*&-(& P(#-(& )'"&*3*)"%'"& :(% '( &*g*,$
P(% & 3(%-"
P(% & -(!*-*,$( > $%"&-*$ ' &g*#(%. 2.1. CLASIFICACIÓN DE LEVAS POR SU FORMA 2.1.1. L!" # $%"&'"#( ( $%"&'")*+,.
E' )(,$(%,( ( 3(%-" # '" '!" # $%"&'")*+, & #$%-*," :(% ' -(!*-*,$( &:)/3*)( #' &g*#(%. E&$ $*:( # '!" & '" 3(%-" á&*)"; :&$( > $(#"& '"& &:%3*)*& ,*3(%-& (; -á& 3%),$-,$; )(, *,)'*,")*(,& !"%*"'&. L" #&!,$"" # &$"& '!"&; & > & ($*, ' -*&-( -(!*-*,$( , ' (%#, *,!%&( #%",$ ' -(!*-*,$( #
%$(%,(J &$( & :# !*$"% &* ,!('!-(& '" )<" "'%##(% #' )/%)'( :"%" 3(%-"& ," '!" # #*&)(. 2.1.1.1.
L!"& # #*&)(.
E, ' )"&( # '"& '!"& # #*&)(; ' )%:( # &$"& $*,, '" 3(%-" # , #*&)( )(, ' )(,$(%,( # '" '!" 3(%-",#( &(% '" )*%),3%,)*"; , &$"& '!"& :(% '( g,%"' '" '/," # "))*+, #' &g*#(% & :%:,#*)'"% "' # '" '!" = ") )(,$")$( )(, '" '!" )(, "=#" # , %&(%$ 2.1.1.2.
L!"& # $"-(% ( )*'/,#%*)".
E, '"& '!"& # $"-(% '" :*&$" # '" '!" g,%"'-,$ & '"%" "'%##(% #' $"-(%. N(%-"'-,$ '" '/," # "))*+, #' &g*#(% & &$"& '!"& & :"%"''" "' # '" '!". 2.1.1..
L!"& )(,g"#"&.
C(,&*&$ , #(& ( -á& '!"& -:"'-"#"&; & '& )(,() )(-( '!"& # "))*+, :(&*$*!" ( $*:( Y(%. 2.1.1.4.
L!"& # )"%" ( )%%"#".
E, '"& :*&$"& # '" '!" & '"%" , '" :"%$ 3%(,$"' ' #*&)(
2.1.2. C'"&*3*)")*(,& # '(& &g*#(%&.
P(% '" -",%" # ")% )(,$")$( )(, '" '!".
D ))*''" !"%*''" # :,+,
D )"%%$*''" ( %(#"" !"%*''" # %(#""
D )"%" :'","
D )"%" &3%*)"
P(% :(&*)*+, )(, %&:)$( "' # '" '!".
C,$%"#(.L(& &g*#(%& %:%&,$"#(& , '"
D&),$%"#(
P"%" '!" )%%"#"
. NOMENCLATURA DE LAS LEVAS
.1.
EL DESPLAAMIENTO DEL SEGUIDORH
E, g,%"' & #3*, )(-( '" :(&*)*+, #' -)",*&-( &g*#(% " :"%$*% # , :,$( &:)/3*)( #,(-*,"#( )%( ( %:(&(; , %'")*+, )(, ' $*-:( ( )(, "'g," 3%"))*+, #' )*)'( # '" -">*,"%*" #&:'""-*,$( # '" '!" -#*#" , 3(%-" ",g'"%. .2.
EL DESPLAAMIENTO DE LA LEVAH
M#*#( , g%"#(& ( -*'/-$%(&; & ' -(!*-*,$( # '" '!" -#*#( #&# , :,$( &:)/3*)(; ) ( %:(&(; , %'")*+, )(, ' -)",*&-( &g*#(% #3*,*#( ",$&. ..
EL PERFIL DE LA LEVAH
E& ' )(,$(%,( # '" &:%3*)* # $%""( # '" '!". .4.
PUNTO TRAADORH
E& '" '/," # ),$%( #' %(#*''( ( & >*!"',$. C",#( & $*'*" , &g*#(% :'",(. .5.
CURVA PRIMITIVAH
E& ' 'g"% g(-$%*)( # '" &)&*+, # :,$(& #&)%*$(& :(% ' :,$( $%""#(%; )",#( '" '!" & #&:'"". .6.
CIRCULO DE LA BASEH
E& ' -,(% )/%)'( *,&)%*$( , ' :%3*' # '" '!". .7.
CIRCULO PRIMARIOH
E& ' -,(% )/%)'( *,&)%*$( # '" )%!" :%*-*$*!" = )(, ),$%( , ' ),$%( # '" '!". E& )(,),$%*)( )(, ' )/%)'( # "& = &:"%"#( # &$ " , %"#*( #' %(#*''( &g*#(%. .8.
NGULO DE PRESIÓNH
E& ' á,g'( ,$% '" ,(%-"' " '" )%!" :%*-*$*!" = '" #*%))*+, *,&$",$á," #' -(!*-*,$( #' &g*#(%.
4. DISEO DE PROTOTIPO.
4.1.
PROTOTIPO
E, :%*-%" *,&$",)*" & :,&+ , %:%(#)*% " -",%" # -">$" ( *,&$%)$*!( # &)"'" #' -)",*&-( # '!" , , -($(% # )(-&$*+, *,$%," )(-( '(& $*'*"#(& , '(& )"%%(&. S #*&<"%/" , :%($($*:( # , # #(& '!"&; # ,$%"#" # '" -)'" = &"'*#" # g"&&. C(, && %&:$*!(& & = &g*#(%&.
F,$H T(-"#( # **:#*".(%g
4.2.
MATERIALES
L" $*'*")*+, # -"$%*"'& #)$*'& "' -(-,$( # , , 3,)*(,"-*,$( #' :%($($*:( # -)",*&-( '!" " -(&$%"% # &% -= *-:(%$",$; :& & #, &)(g% '(& -"$%*"'& )(%%)$(& :"%" & 3,)*(,"-*,$( &/,)%(,(. S " #)*#*#( > & $%"""%", -"$%*"'& > & ,)(,$%"%", , ' -%)"#( *,#&$%*"' = > #"%á ,"& :%&,$")*(,& # ")""#( , ' #*&<( 3*,"'; ")%(&; :'á&$*)(& )(-( ' $3'+,; ">'*$" = ")%/'*)(. 4..
FORMA DE FUNCIONAMIENTO Y FABRICACION
D&:& # , #*&<( 3*,"' &)(g*#( # 3(%-" g%:"'; & ''!"%" " '" 3"%*)")*+, # , :%($($*:( -#*",$ :'",(& # *,g,*%/" :"%" & 3"%*)")*+,. E' :%($($*:( 3,)*(,"' )(,$"%/" )(, '-,$(& :%(:*(& # &$ )(-(; , # #(& '!"&
"))*(,"#( :(% ," %#" #,$"#" #&# , -($(% ')$%*)(; &g*#(%& ( !á'!'"&; "'",)*,&; = ," :><" %:%&,$")*+, # , )*'*,#%( :*&$+,.
F,$H -($(-","'.)(-."%
D*#( " > &(, -)",*&-(& ?")$(& = )(-:'(& # 3"%*)"% -","'-,$; :%!*"-,$ & #%á, & "%á, #*&<(& , :%(g%"-"& # #*&<( -)á,*)( )(-:$")*(,"' = :"&( %"'*"% :'",(& # &$ :"%" & 3"%*)")*+, , -á>*,"& *,#&$%*"'& )(-( '(& &(, $(%,(&; 3%&"#(%"& # )(,$%(' ,-%*)(; $"'"#%(& # á%('; ,$% ($%(&.
5. CRONOGRAMA
L"& &*g*,$ ")$*!*#"#& = 3)"& :#, & -(!*#"& :(% )"-*( ?):$"'& :%&,$"#(& " '( '"%g( # , &-&$% ")"#-*)(. L"& 3)"& #"#"& &(, , &-","& # &$#*( " :"%$*% #' *,*)*( # &-&$% 20142.
Item
Acti"idad
)ec*a
1 2
E,$%g" # , ",$:%(=)$( I,!&$*g")*+, # )"%")$%/&$*)"& = 3,)*(,"-*,$( )"%")$%/&$*)( #' -)",*&-(. Sg,#" ,$%g" # "!",) )(,):$"' = -"%)(& $+%*)(&. D*&<( # , :%($($*:( 3*,"'. F"%*)")*+, #' :%($($*:( E,$%g" F*,"' # #()-,$( &)%*$( = :%($($*:( 3,)*(,"'.
S-"," 5 S-"," 6 = 7
Tiem'o Necesa%io 8 (%"& 8 (%"&
S-"," 10
6 (%"&
S-"," 1 S-"," 14 = 15 S-"," 16
4 D/"& 1 S-"," (%"&
4 5 6
E' ",$%*(% )%(,(g%"-" &$á &$( " ")($")*(,& $),*)"& ( "-,$( # ")$*!*#"#& :%(:&$"& " '( '"%g( # '" -"$%*".
BIBLIOGRAFIA
@OSEP EDQUARD SIGLEY; T(%/" # Má>*,"& = M)",*&-(&; T U,*!&*$= O3 M*)*g",; M") G%" *''; 1998. CARLOS S. LOPE CA@UN; M)",*&-(& –F,#"-,$(& C*,-á$*)(& :"%" ' #*&<( = (:$*-*")*+, # -á>*,"&; E#*$(%*"' T%*''"&; 27 -"=( 2008. CENCIL @ENSEN; D*( = #*&<( , *,g,*%/"; O)$"!" E#*)*+,; M) G%" *''. ROBERT L. NORTON; D*&<( # M">*,"&; C"%$" E#*)*+,; E#*$(%*"' P"%&(,. RICARD G.BUDYNAS; D*&<( , *,g,*%/" -)á,*)" – # S*g'=; N(!," E#*)*+,; M) G%" *''.
