PROYECTO PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Y OPERACIÓN DE UNA PLANTA DE REAPROVECHAMIENTO DE LOS RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS GENERADOS EN LOS TRAPICHES DEL MUNICIPIO DE CONSACÁ.
ANYELA FERNANDA POTOSÍ MORA JAVIER ALEXANDER CASTRO VELASCO
SERVICIO NACIONAL NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA TECNÓLOGO EN SISTEMAS DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL SAN JUAN DE PASTO 20!
PROYECTO PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Y OPERACIÓN DE UNA PLANTA DE REAPROVECHAMIENTO DE LOS RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS GENERADOS EN LOS TRAPICHES DEL MUNICIPIO DE CONSACÁ.
ANYELA FERNANDA POTOSÍ MORA JAVIER ALEXANDER CASTRO VELASCO
TRABAJO FINAL COMPETENCIA ADMINISTRAR LOS RECURSOS ASIGNADOS PARA PARA LA EJECUCIÓN EJECUCIÓN DE LA OPERACIÓN CONFORME A ESTÁNDARES ESTABLECIDOS ESTABLECIDOS
INSTRUCTOR ALEXI GUERRERO POLENTINO
SERVICIO NACIONAL NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA TECNÓLOGO EN SISTEMAS DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL SAN JUAN DE PASTO 20!
CONTENIDO P"#. INTRODUCCIÓN.......................................................................................................$ . OBJETIVOS...........................................................................................................% . OBJETIVO GENERAL................ GENERAL......................... .................. .................. .................. ................. .................................% .........................% .2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS............... ESPECÍFICOS........................ .................. .................. .................. .................. ................. ................% ........% 2 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA................. PROBLEMA.......................... ................. ..........................................& ..................................& 2. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA................ PROBLEMA......................... .................. ..................... .....................................& .........................& 2.2 JUSTIFICACIÓN............... JUSTIFICACIÓN........................ .................. ................. ................. .................. .................. ............................. ..........................' ......' ( MARCO TEÓRICO............... TEÓRICO........................ ................. ................. .................. .................. ............................................. .................................... DEFINICIÓN DE COMPOSTAJE......................................................................... EL PROCESO DE COMPOSTAJE....................................................................... ETAPAS DEL COMPOSTAJE..............................................................................2 CONDICIONES DEL PROCESO.........................................................................) ). METODOLOGIA............ METODOLOGIA..................... .................. .................. .................. ................. ................. .................. .................................2 ........................2 ). MATERIALES.................................................................................................2 ).2 METODOS.............. METODOS....................... .................. .................. ................. ................. .................. .................. ..................................2 .........................2 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROCESO PRODUCTIVO............... PRODUCTIVO........................ ....................... ........................2 ..........2 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS OBRAS FÍSICAS DEL PROYECTO............................2! PERSONAL..........................................................................................................2$ PERSONAL ..........................................................................................................2$ MA*UINARIA.......................................................................................................2% MA*UINARIA .......................................................................................................2% !. COSTOS DE INVERSIÓN PARA LA PLANTA DE COMPOSTAJE.....................2% $. CRONOGRAMA.............. CRONOGRAMA....................... .................. .................. ................. ................. .................. ........................................(2 ...............................(2 $. DIAGRAMA GANTT DEL CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES....................() % CONCLUSIONES............... CONCLUSIONES........................ .................. ................. ................. .................. .................. .................. .............................(! ....................(! &. BIBLIOGRAFÍA....................................................................................................($
LISTA DE TABLAS
P"#. T+,+ . V+/1 /3/456+ H78+ 9:;< 8+=/6+ /#"465+ 9:;< C+/,4 9:;< N6=/>#4 9:;<..................................................................................................& T+,+ 2. N6?1 +5@=+,1 1 3+5=/1 31651 78651 @+/+ 58@1=+< 1 ?+/1 >@=681...............................................................................................20 T+,+ (. T+,+ 51=1 @/5=.....................................................................2& T+,+ ). D6+#/+8+ G+4==.....................................................................................()
LISTA DE ILUSTRACIONES P"#. I71=/+56>4 . P/51 58@1=+......................................................................2 I71=/+56>4 2. F+11 58@1=+..............................................................................) I71=/+56>4 (. C454=/+56>4 #4 4 74+ @6+ 58@1=...........................$ I71=/+56>4 ). C4=46 78+ 4 + 8+1+ 58@1=+..........................'
INTRODUCCIÓN E4 1= =/+,+ 1 /+6> 74+ 64=6365+56>4 1 +1@5=1 7 4 1= 884= 1="4 #4/+4 74+ @/,8"=65+ +8,64=+ ,6 + 8+4 64+57+ 1 /1671 1>61 /#"4651 7 1= =6@ 6471=/6+1 #4/+4< =464 4 574=+ +4=/6/ + 1= 1 /+6> 74+ @/6/6+56>4 1 68@+5=1 +8,64=+1 64=6365+1 4 1 =/+@651< ,=464 7 + +5787+56>4 546+ #4/++ 4 + 5+/+ + 64+57++ 61@1656>4 + 5+5++< 14 1 @/,8+1 +8,64=+1 8"1 16#46365+=6?1 1=1 1=+,56864=1 @+/+ 86=6#+/ + 54=+864+56>4 #4/++< 1 + @/@71= +57+/ 74 @/51 =54>#65 7 /75+ + 64+57++ 61@1656>4 1 /1671 1>61 /#"4651 @/@61 1=+ 6471=/6+< 54 + 68@84=+56>4 74 @/51 =/+413/8+56>4 +@/@6+ 7 68@84=+/1 4 1 =/+@651 + /#6>4 @7 5+7?+/ + 6186476/ + #4/+56>4 64+57++ 61@1656>4 364+ 1 /1671 /#"4651< 1 /1 3416?1< +1 @/5+/6+1 5465641 6#6465 1+46=+/6+1 1 1=+,56864=1 8"1 +156+1 + + +5787+56>4 /1671 1>61 /#"4651. D 1=+ 8+4/+ 1 @/@4 + 68@84=+56>4 =546365++ 58@1=+ 1 /1671 /#"4651 #4/+1 @/ 1 =/+@651< +@65+4 5/6=/61 11=46,66+ 576+ +8,64=+.
. OBJETIVOS . OBJETIVO GENERAL E1=+,5/ 74 161=8+ @+/+ =/+=+864= 1 /1671 1>61 #4/+1 4 1 =/+@651 874656@6 C41+5" .2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS P/756/ 74 +,4 /#"465 54 1 /1671 #4/+1 4 1 =/+@651 874656@6 C41+5" R+6+/ + 5+/+5=/6+56>4 361657865+ +,4 #4/+ 54 1 /1671 #4/+1 4 1 =/+@651 F84=+/ 58@44= =54>#65 4 8+4 11=46, 1 /1671 1>61 #4/+1 4 1 @/511 + +,/+56>4 @+4+ 4 874656@6 C41+5"
2 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 2. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA L+ @/7556>4 @+4+ 4 874656@6 C41+5"< 1 74 1+,>4 374+84=+ 4 17 548+ @/ 1/ #/+4 #4/+/+ 8@1 6/5=1 646/5=1< + 8+/+ 1 +#/657=/1 1=+ /#6>4< 1 65+4 + + @/7556>4 5++ @+4/+ 58 86 @/6456@+ 17,161=456+ 7 + 7,65+ 4 @/6456@+ 57=6? + 4+ 7 5+164+ 1 68@+5=1 +8,64=+1 8"1 16#46365+=6?1 @/ + 8+4+ /57/11 4+=7/+1 58 +#7+ 17. E 8+4 +8,64=+ 1 =/+@651 /76/ 74+ @+46365+56>4 4 1 64?75/4 +5=6?6+1 ,/+1 451+/6+1 @+/+ @/=#/ 86 +8,64=< #+/+4=6+/ + 5+6+ 64576+ @/75= 4 18/+/ +1 5465641 6#6465 1+46=+/6+1 + 4+< 54 364 58@41+/ + +35=+56>4 + + 58746+ @/ +1 +55641 /6?++1 + @/+56>4 1 =/+@651 @+4/1. L+ +#/6471=/6+ @+4/+ 4 541=6=7 74 8@ 161=8+ +8,64=+84= 11=46,< 14 58741 +5=6?6+1 58 + =++ "/,1 @+/+ 1=+,56864= 57=6?< + 516?+ 8+4+ +#7+< 1 64+57+1 6461=4=1 161=8+1 @+/+ =/+=+864= +#7+1 /167+1< + @/@+/+56>4 =//4 71 54 8457=6?1< + +@65+56>4 +#/78651< 71 +4=+1 + 58 58,71=6,1< + +=+ #4/+56>4 /1671 1>61 /#"4651< + 54=+864+56>4 +=813/65+< = 1= 178+ + + ,++ 3656456+ 1 @/511 @/75=6?1 1 =/+@651< #4/+4 5+8,61 4#+=6?1 4 + 5+6+ +8,64=+. S @/=4 4=451 +,/+/ 74+ @/,8"=65+ @74=7+ 58 1 + #4/+56>4 64+57++ 61@1656>4 364+ 1 /1671 /#"4651 #4/+1 @/ 1=+ 6471=/6+< 1 57+1 1="4 +35=+4 4 3/8+ 5+/+ + 5+6+ 17< +#7+< +6/ + 4+< @/?5+4 +54=7+4 1 68@+5=1 +8,64=+1 7 @/ 16 1="4 648/11 4 1=+ +5=6?6+ @/75=6?+.
2.2 JUSTIFICACIÓ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
4+=7/+1 647561 @/ 8,/ 54=/6,74 + + @/6+ 17 5+@+56+ @/75=6?+. E @/51 #/++56>4 1 171 1 =64 8"1 +" 16=6 /6#64+ /@/14=+ 74 += 51= @+/+ + 156+ +8"1 1 ? @=456+6+ @/ + 1=+,66+56>4 8457=6?1 58 + 5++ 4 874656@6 51+5+. L1 /1671 /#"4651 7 1 +@65+4 + 17 58 +,41 /#"4651< 1=4 1=1 =/+413/8+1 4< 3+?/54 + 3/=66+ 64=#/+ 17. E11 @/75=1 6,/+4 +56+ + 1756>4 17< 1 47=/64=1 4 74+ 3/8+ 4=+< 57+ ?+ 4=/6+84= 17 3656456+ +@65+56>4 4 58@+/+56>4 54 1 3/=66+4=1 78651 9G>8< '');. L1 +,41 /#"4651 8/+4 +1 @/@6+1 3165+1< 7865+1< ,6>#65+1 17. L1 35=1 1 +,41 /#"4651 1,/ +1 @/@6+1 3165+1 ?+4 6/6#61 +56+ 1 ,=6?1 545/=1 8/+864= + 1=+,66+ 1=/75=7/+ + /#7+56>4 ,++45 /65 17. L+ 8+=/6+ /#"465+ 7 58@44 1 /1671 1 =/+@651< 17@4 + #4/+56>4 + + ?+/61 8641 =4++1< 7< 4 875+1 5+1641< 1 +5787+4 4 1 171 4 +1 374=1 /65+1 7 5+164+ #/+?1 35=1 +8,64=+1 < + 8618 =68@< 1 //5+ 74 /57/1 ?+61 1715@=6, 1/ 645/@/+ + 565 54178 86+4= 58@1=+. L+ 3/+556>4 58@1=+, 1 /1671 1< 54 3/57456+< 74+ +1 8"1 54=+864+4=1 37 /1671 4 1 =/+@651< + @71=+ 4 8+/5+ @/5=1 /+@/?5+864= 1?+ 1=1 /1671 +1 /7=+1 =/+6564+1 6864+56>4< 58 + 64564/+56>4 @7 54=/6,76/ 16#46365+=6?+84= + +5+4+/ 5/6=/61 11=46,66+ @/7556>4 8"1 68@6+ 1=+ 6471=/6+ E @/5= 1 4574=/+ 1@/=+ @/ += @=456+ @/75=6? @+4+ 874656@6 C41+5"< +1 @16,66+1 68@84=+56>4 58@44= =54>#65 4 1 64?75/4 =5465+1 541/?+56>4 171< + /7556>4 861641 +=813/65+1 @/ 8+=/6+ @+/=657+ /1 3416?1< /7556>4 4 + 7=66+56>4 641781 /6#4 164==65< =+1 58 1 3/=66+4=1 @/75=1 @+/+ 8+4 36=1+46=+/6 1 57=6?1. C4 ,+1 4 +4=/6/< 1 ,715+ 5+8,6+/ + +#/657=7/+ 54?4564+ @/ 57=6?1 171=4=+,1 11=46,1< 54 /54?/16>4 =54>#65+< 3/=+56864= + 5+@+56+ +156+=6?+< ?6457+56>4 + @/511 +#/6471=/6+ 8/5+1 4+564+1 8+/61=+1 @/=+56>4 @/75=1 ?/1< 5>#651 +86#+,1 54 86 +8,64=.
( MARCO TEÓRICO
DEFINICIÓN DE COMPOSTAJE A 54=647+56>4 1 15/6,4 63/4=1 36465641 =/864 58@1=+. E 58@1=+ 1 + #/++56>4 +/>,65+ 94 @/1456+ #4; 8+=/6+ /#"465+ @/ + +556>4 865//#+46181 4 5465641 54=/++1 +6/+56>4< 78+ =8@/+=7/+. E1=1 865//#+4618 =/+413/8+4 1 /1671 #/++,1 4 74 @/75= 1=+, 6#646+< +@65+, + 17 58 +,4 171=/+= 9Y7 = +< 200&;. T+8,64 1 @7 3646/ 58 74 @/51 ,6>#65 4 86 +/>,65< 4 57+ 1 1>61 /#"4651 81 14 =/+413/8+1 + 3/8+1 8"1 1=+,1 +8++1 58@1= 9S416< ''&; 171=+456+1 1686+/1 + 7871 96Q-7865; 9U46?/16+ N+564+ C8,6+< Z+@+=+< R. M4;. D +57/ 54 + N/8+ T5465+ C8,6+4+ NTC-!$%< 58@1=+ 1 @/51 6+56>4 +/,6+ 8+=/6+1 /#"4651 7 5475 + 74+ =+@+ 8+7/+56>4 8468+ 91=+,66+56>4;< 1 54?6/=4 4 74 /57/1 /#"465 1=+, 1#7/ @+/+ 1/ 7=66+ 4 + +#/657=7/+ 9NTC-!$%;. E M6461=/6 A8,64= D1+// T//6=/6+ C8,6+ 9200$;< 3646> 58@1=+ 58 @/51 ,6>#65 4 @/1456+ #4< 8"1 3/574=84= 7=66+ @+/+ + =/+413/8+56>4 + 3/+556>4 /#"465+ 9/1671 +/4< /1671 1>61 81=651 1@+/+1 4 + 374=; 1 /1671 1>61 81=651 + 74 8+=/6+ 465 1=+, 5456 58 58@1= EL PROCESO DE COMPOSTAJE A @+/=6/ 74+ 5+4=6+ +57++ /1671 /#"4651 1 +@/=+/"4 + 8+=/6+ /#"465+< 864/+1 865//#+46181 @+/+ 7 4 +1 5465641 +6/+56>4 78+ +@/@6++1< 1 @/75+4 +1 /+55641 158@1656>4. E 84=>4 /1671< 1 63/4=1 #/7@1 865//#+46181 8@+/"4 + =/+,++/ /8@64 +1 857+1 +1 8"1 168@1 + +1 8"1 58@+1 +1 =/+13/8+ 4 58@1=. D 5< 1 =/+=+ 74 @/51 4+=7/+ 58 57+4 4 74 ,17 5+4 +1 +1 1 "/,1 1 54?6/=4 4 7871. E 8,/< 86+4= 58@1=+< 1 =/+=+ @/@/564+/ +1 5465641 +57++1 @+/+ +5/+/ @/51 1= @/51 #4/+/" 74 @/75= 5/ 157/< 54161=456+ 6?6+4+ / =//1< 7 4 #7+/+ 464#74+ 16866=7 54 1 8+=/6+1 7 /6#64+/4.
I71=/+56>4 . P/51 58@1=+
E4 57+4= + 37 8+=/6+1 54 00 Q# /1671 /#"4651 1 ,=644 4=/ (0-)0 Q# 58@1=< +# 841 + 86=+ 8+=/6+ 64656+ /1= 1 ?+@/+ 4 3/8+ ?+@/ +#7+ CO2. D7/+4= @/51< 58 54157456+ + 6+56>4 5+/,4 + CO2< 1 @/75 4/#+ 4 3/8+ 5+/. E1=+ 7+ /=46+ 4 + 8+1+ /1671 7 1 1=" =/+413/8+4< 3/8+ 7 8+=/6+ 1 5+64=+< +1=+ +5+4+/ 1 %!C 4 +1 4+1 64=/6/1 + @6+ 58@1=+. ETAPAS DEL COMPOSTAJE . P/@+/+56>4. L1 /1671 /#"4651 54=1 1 +684=1 7/+4= 17 @/@+/+56>4< 58 14 5"15+/+1 @+/=1 3/7=+1< /=+6+1< 1,/+1 1>6+1 +684=1 + @/@+/+1< 5+/41< +1 @+ 171 8+=+1 64=/4+1< 3/1 =+1 @65+1 +//#1 4+=7/+1< 14 +8+54+1 4 /56@64=1 1@+/+1 54 =+@+. E1=1 /1671 @+/+ 1/ ?+1 + 58@1=+ 1 ,4 @/@+/+/ @+/+ 54=/+/ 17 78+ 951 +#7+;< @+/+ #/+/ 74+ /+56>4 ,++45++ C+/,4-N6=/>#4 9CN; =4/ 74+ ==7/+ =+8+1 +57+1. L1 @"1=651< ?6/61< @+@1< 8=+1< 4 ,4 85+/1 54 1 /1671 /#"4651 7 ?+4 + 58@1=+< + 7 4 14 =/+413/8+,1 @/ +1 ,+5=/6+1. L+ 78+< 1 @7 54=/+/ @/ 86 +656>4 +1//4 ?6/7=+ 8+/+< 4 @/@/5641 ?+/6+,1 2 ( @+/=1 4 ?784 +684=1< @/ 74+ +1//4 ?6/7=+. E =+8+ +1 @+/=1 /1671 + 58@1=+/ @7 1=+/ + 0 58< 58 ,+#+ + 4+/+4+ + 8+4+/64+. E4 #4/+ 4 1 /76/ @65+/ 1 /1671< 1+? +#741 #/+4 =+8+ 58 + @+/= 17@/6/ + @6+<
1+4+1 @+@++1 4=/+1< =5. L+ /+56>4 C+/,4 9C;N6=/>#4 9N;< 1 @7 +71=+/ 54 /1671 /651 4 N< 58 14 + 764++ #+64++. L+ /+56>4 /584++ 1 2! + (0 @+/=1 C< @/ N 2. D158@1656>4 M1>36+. A 64656 @/51< 1 /1671 @/@+/+1< 1="4 + =8@/+=7/+ +8,64= 984/ )0C;< @/ 57+< 1 865//#+46181 +8+1 81>361 1 87=6@65+4 /"@6+84=< + #/+4 +5=6?6+ 8=+,>65+ 9=/+413/8+56>4 +#741 58@71=1 58 +5+/1 +864"561;< + =8@/+=7/+ 5864+ + 17,6/ 1 @/754 "561 /#"4651 7 +54 ,++/ @H. (. D158@1656>4 T/8>36+. E4 1=+ 3+1< + =8@/+=7/+ 1 17@/6/ + )0 17, +1=+ $0-$!C. M65//#+46181< +8+1 =/8>361< =/+413/8+4 N6=/>#4 9N;< 4 A84+5 9NH(;< @/ 57+ @H 1 +5 +5+64. A 1 $0-$!C< 1=1 4#1 =/8>361 1+@+/54 +4 @+1 + +1 ,+5=/6+1 1@/#4+1 +5=64865=1< 7 =644 5+@+56+ @+/+ 158@4/ 171=+456+1 /#"465+1 58 +1 5/+1< +1 @/=4+1 86571+1. ). D158@1656>4 M1>36+ E43/6+864=. L+ =8@/+=7/+ 5864+ + 154/ @/ ,+ $0C< /+@+/54 1 4#1 =/8>361 7 /64?+4 + @+/= 17@/6/ /167 98+4=6; #/+/ 158@4/ 58@71=1< 58 + 571+. A ,++/ )0C< 1 81>361 =+8,64 /64656+4 17 +5=6?6+ @H /167< 1564 6#/+84=. !. M+7/+56>4. R76/ + 2 811 4 @/86 1 /+6+ @464 58@1= + =8@/+=7/+ +8,64= @/=#6 + 7?6+. D7/+4= 1= @/< 1 @/754 /+55641 1574+/6+1 5441+56>4 @68/6+56>4 7871 1564 54178 #4 + 36==656+ 58@1= , 1=+/ 54=/++. $. A364+56>4. S /+6+ @+/+ 8#46+/ 8/+/ =+8+ @+/=57+1 58@1= 9#/+478=/+;< @+/+ /#7+/ + 78+ + ?+/1 84/1 )0:< 15564+/ @/ 5/46 /167 4 58@1=+ 68@7/+1< 1 =8+4 871=/+1 @+/+ +4"6161 +,/+=/6 54=/ 5+6+ 94 5+1 @/511 6471=/6+1 54 3641 58/56+1;< 8@+7 =67=+ 16 371 5+1.
E4 + I71=/+56>4 2 1 /1784 +1 63/4=1 =+@+1 @/51 +1 ?+/6+5641 =@65+1 + =8@/+=7/+ 7/+4= + =/+413/8+56>4 1=+,66+56>4 + 8+=/6+ /#"465+ ,6#/++, 4 5465641 +/>,65+1< 4 37456>4 =68@.
I71=/+56>4 2. F+11 58@1=+
C7+4= 8+/ 1 + 5+4=6+ /1671 7 1 58@1=+< 8+/ 1 + 4/#+ 6,/++< 3+?/564 645/84= + =8@/+=7/+. E1= @74= @/51 1 87 68@/=+4= @/7 +1 +=+1 =8@/+=7/+1 +5+4++1 6#646+4 8+=/6+< 1 56/< 1 1=/74 1 @+=>#41< @/=1 186+1 7 /17=+4 @/7656+1 @+/+ + 1+7 1 57=6?1. S6 @/51 1 1+//+ 5//5=+84=< 57+4 +1 857+1 1 +4 158@71=< + +5=6?6+ 865/,6+4+ 618647 ?7?4 + ,++/ +1 =8@/+=7/+1 8+=/6+ +1=+ 766,/+/1 54 +8,64=. CONDICIONES DEL PROCESO L1 @/=+#461=+1 4 58@1=+ 14 1 865//#+46181 @+/+ 7 1=1 @7+4 =/+,++/ 4 +1 8/1 5465641 1 , . P/@+/+/ 74+ 85+ /1671 8#4+ @/1+. 2. A@/=+/ 8+=/6+ /#"465+ 58@1656>4 6?/1+ /+56>4 CN +57++. (. D61@4/ #4 9+6/; 1736564=.
). C4=+/ 54 74 #/+ 78+ +57+. !. M+4=4/ 74+ =8@/+=7/+ +57++. L+ 85+ 63/4=1 =6@1 /1671 /#"4651< 766,/+ + 78+ + 1=/75=7/+. P/ 8@< 1 /1=1 5564+< +1< 51@ =/1 8+=/6+1 81< 1 ,4 85+/ 54 /+8+1< +/,71=1 =/1 /1=1 @+ 8"1 151 1=/75=7/+1< 54 =+8+1 2-$ 58. A6/+56>4 C4 364 541#76/ 74 58@1=+ ,74+1 5465641 7 1 ,=4#+ 8+4/+ /"@6+< + + ? ?6=+/ 8+1 /1< 1 68@/15646, +1#7/+/ + @/1456+ #4< 451+/6 @+/+ + ?756>4 @/51 158@1656>4 +/>,65. E #4 + 1/ 1736564= @+/+ 8+4=4/ + +5=6?6+ 865/,6+4+ 4 464#4 5+1 , #+/1 + 5465641 +4+/,6+1 + 7 #4/+/+ 74+ 5++ 4 /46864= 1 @/756/+4 8+1 /1. P+/+ 541#76/ 74+ ,74+ 61=/6,756>4 #4 4 =+ + 8+1+ 1 +5 451+/6+ + +656>4 74 8+=/6+ 1@/= 9=/6=7/+ @+ 8+/+< + ?6/7=+ 1 1@56+; 7 @/@/564 1=/75=7/+ @/16+ + /1671 + 58@1=+/. E1 +541+, 85+/ 5++ 2 ( +1< /167 @+/+ +1#7/+/ 7 + =/+413/8+56>4 1 4 5465641 +/>,65+1< =+ 3/8+ 7 +6/ #7 + 54=/ + @6+. L?+4=+/ 161=8+ @61< =+8,64 1 87 ,436561< + 7 1=+ 3/8+< +6/ @4=/+ + 8+1+ /1671 @/86= + /7556>4 1 ?=1. A @/6456@6 + +5=6?6+ 1 865//#+46181 +/,61< + 5454=/+56>4 #4 9O2; 4 1 1@+561 @/11 1 +@/68++84= ! + 20: 91686+/ + + 58@1656>4 4/8+ +6/;< + 5454=/+56>4 6>6 5+/,4 9CO2; ?+/+ 0#65+< + 5454=/+56>4 O2 ,++ + 5454=/+56>4 CO2 +784=+. S6 + 5454=/+56>4 86+ O2 4 8+=/6+ 1 84/ + ! :< + 158@1656>4 8+=/6+ 1 ?7? +4+/,6+ 9S=/4< MGA P/+?6+< ''';. L+1 5454=/+5641 #4 8+/ 0: 1 5416/+4 >@=68+1 @+/+ 8+4=4/ + @6+ 58@1= 4 74 86 +/>,65. A#741 161=8+1 58@1=+ @74 8+4=4/ 74 46? #4 +57+ 86+4= 85+46181 @+16?1 4+=7/+1 +6/+56>4< =/1 161=8+1 /76/4 + +6/+56>4 +5=6?+< 54 1@+/1 54 ?=1 + @6+. E4 + 671=/+56>4 (< 1 +@/56+ + 61=/6,756>4 16#7+ + 5454=/+56>4 #4 4 74+ @6+.
I71=/+56>4 (. C454=/+56>4 #4 4 74+ @6+ 58@1=
R+56>4 C+/,4N6=/>#4 U4+ +1 @/68/+1 =+/+1 @+/+ 1+//+/ 54 6= 74+ +5=6?6+ 58@1=+ 1 #/+/ + 5//5=+ 58,64+56>4 1 64#/64=1 64656+1. E 54=46 78+ 9H; + /+56>4 C+/,4 - N6=/>#4 9CN; 14 1 @+/"8=/1 374+84=+1 @+/+ 1=+ +5=6?6+. L+ 78+ 1 74 58@44= 5/=65 @+/+ #/+/ + @=686+56>4 58@1=+ ,6 + 7 1= 1 74 @/51 ,6>#65 158@1656>4 + 8+=/6+ /#"465+ + @/1456+ +#7+ 1 68@/15646, @+/+ +1 4516+1 3616>#65+1 1 865//#+46181 7 64=/?644 4 < @71 +#7+ 1 86 =/+41@/= +1 17,1=+456+1 17,1 7 16/?4 +684= + +1 57+1 +1 58 1 @/75=1 15 1+ /+556>4. E4 1#74 58@44= 5/=65< + /+56>4 C+/,4 - N6=/>#4 CN< 1 , =4/ 574=+ 7 + /+56>4 6+ 156+ 4=/ 2! (0 +@/68++84= 5/5 + ! 4 58@1= 364+ 9L+ /+56>4 CN 618647 2( 54 =68@ @/7 @+/= 5+/,4 1 @6/ 58 CO2 7/+4= + 58@1=+56>4;. U4+ /+56>4 8"1 ,++< 16#46365+ 7 46=/>#4 1=+/" 4 51 1 @6/ 58 +846+5 9NH(;< E += 54178 #4 7 1= 5+164+/+< 5/+ 74+1 5465641 +4+/>,65+1 8@6+ + @6+ + / 8+. R+5641 8"1 +=+1 16#46365+4 7 4 + 1736564= 46=/>#4 @+/+ 5/56864= >@=68 +1 @,+5641 865/,6+4+1< +1 7 58@1= 1 /+=6?+84= 3/ + #/++56>4 @/5/" + 74+ =+1+ 4=+. E1= ?+/ 1 @464= + 61@46,66+ 5+/,4 46=/>#4 +1 374=1. N 1 @7 543746/
?+/ + /+56>4 CN 74 8+=/6+ 58@1=+ 8+7/< 54 + /+56>4 74+ 8+=/6+ 3/15 58 74 1=6/5 7 =64 74+ /+56>4 ,++. E @/68/ 1 +57+ @+/+ +@65+/ + 17< 864=/+1 7 1#74 @/+ =4/ 5465641 456?+1 @+/+ 1= E4 #4/+< 1 8+=/6+1 7 14 ?/1 81 =644 + 1/ +=1 4 46=/>#4< 1 7 14 8+//41 151 14 +=1 4 5+/,4. L1 8+=/6+1 54 += 54=46 46=/>#4 64574 + + 6/,+< + +1 @+1 +1 @+4=+1< + 1 151 3/7=+1. L1 8+=/6+1 5/ 5+3 =+1 58 +1 +1 15+1< +1 ?6/7=+1 8+/+< +1//4< @+@ =644 +=1 54=461 5+/,4. E1 451+/6 5+57+/ + /+56>4 CN + 85+ + 58@1=+/< 1 @7 1=68+/ +1 5465641 >@=68+1< 168@84= 71+4 74+ 58,64+56>4 1 8+=/6+1 7 14 +=1 4 5+/,>4 =/1 7 1+4 +=1 4 46=/>#4. E4 5+1 8+=/6+1 54 += 54=46 5+/,49C; 58 +1//4 ?6/7=+1 1 , +#/#+/ 8+=/6+1 3/=66+4= 46=/#4+1. L+1 +1 "/,1 1 /1=1 @+1= ?/ +7+4 @+/+ 1= @/@>16=< @/ 17 54=46 46=/>#4. E4 + T+,+ 1 @/14=+4 1 ?+/1 78+< 5+/,4 46=/>#4 @+/+ +#741 /1671 1>61 /#"4651 1@53651< 1 57+1 @74 1/ 7=66+1 @+/+ +71=+/ + 3/87+56>4 64656+. E1=1 ?+/1 14 /64=+=6?1< @+/+ 8+/ @/5616>4 54 + 643/8+56>4 1 /5864+ /+6+/ 74 871=/ 1 8+=/6+1 86+4= @/7,+1 4 +,/+=/6 1 @+/"8=/1 84564+1.
T+,+ . V+/1 /3/456+ H78+ 9:;< 8+=/6+ /#"465+ 9:;< C+/,4 9:;< N6=/>#4 9:;<
%C
35,83
%N
1,804
C/N
21,6
Fuente: Tom Richard, Nancy Trautmann, Marianne Krasny, Sue Fredenburg y Chris Stuart 1995.
U4+ ? 7 =4#+ +1 /+5641 CN @+/+ 1 8+=/6+1 7 @+4+ 58@1=+/< 1 @7 7=66+/ + 16#764= 3>/87+ @+/+ 5+57+/ + @/@/56>4 + 85+ 4 17 5474= ( Q 1 ( C 1 X ( 100 − M 1 ) )+ Q 2 ( C 2 X ( 100 − M 2 ) )+ Q 3 ( C 3 X ( 100− M 3 ) )+... ) R= ( Q 1 ( N 1 X (100 − M 1 ) )+ Q 2 ( N 2 X ( 100− M 2 ) )+Q 3 ( N 3 X ( 100− M 3 ) )+ ...) R R+56>4 CN + 85+ +,4. *4 M+1+ 8+=/6+ 9=+ 57+< @1 8; C4 C+/,4 9:; 8+=/6+ 4. N4 N6=/>#4 9:; 8+=/6+ 4. M4 C4=46 78+ 9:; 8+=/6+ 4.
C4=46 H78+ E1 74 3+5=/ 686=+4= @/51 58@1=+< 16 + 78+ 1564 @/ ,+ )0:< + +5=6?6+ 865/,6+4+ 1 8"1 4=+< 864=/+1 7 16 5 $!: 1 63657=+ + 56/57+56>4 +6/ + =/+?1 + 8+1+ 9D84#7< E?6/+< S+8@/< ''$;9V/ 36#7/+ %;. S /5864+ 85+/ 8+=/6+1 151 54 8+=/6+1 81 @+/+ 54=/+/ + 78+ 516?+ + @/1456+ 761 66?6+1 4 @/51 58@1=+. L1 ?+/1 >@=681 @+/+ /+4# 78+ 1 4574=/+4 4=451 1 )0 +1=+ $0:. 9C6784=6 A.< C6784=6 R.< D6+< S+?+#< E##/=< G1=64< 200!;. V+/61 +7=/1 16=+4 54=46 >@=68 4 78+ 4 =/4 + !! - $!: 5416/+4 ?+/1 @/ ,+ )0: 58 5465641 1=/1 /65 9F641=64< '&!;. I71=/+56>4 ). C4=46 78+ 4 + 8+1+ 58@1=+.
T8@/+=7/+ E4 @/51 58@1=+ 1 74+ +1 ?+/6+,1 8+/ 68@/=+456+< 6437 1 + 864/+6+56>4 5/56864= +1 @,+5641 865/,6+4+1 +1 + 17 ? +1 /+55641 =/865+1 158@1656>4 +1 5+4+1 58@71=1 /#"4651. L+ 58,64+56>4 1 3+5=/1 =8@/+=7/+< 78+< +6/+56>4 /+56>4 CN 3644 + 3656456+ 1 @/511 ,66+=6?1 + 8+=/6+ /#"465+ ,6#/++,. E61= 54=/?/16+ 4=/ 63/4=1 +7=/1 1,/ 57" 1 + 8/ =8@/+=7/+ @+/+ 7 1 1+// 74 58@1=+ >@=68. L1 /+4#1 8"1 58741 156+4 4=/ 1 !0 $0C< +747 +#741 +7=/1 6465+4 7 + 8"68+ @/7556>4 CO2 1 + 4=/ 1 $0 $!C< 7 +/+ + 8"68+ ?56+ 58@1=+ 9E@1=64< ''%;. @H. E1 74 ,74 6465+/ + 3/8+ 5>8 + ?7564+ @/51 158@1656>4< 4 58@1=+< @H 4/8+84= ,++ 6#/+84= 7/+4=
+1 @/68/+1 =+@+1 @/51 91 56/< + !<0; ,6 + + 3/8+56>4 CO2 "561 /#"4651. L1 "561 16/?4 58 171=/+=1 @+/+ 37=7/+1 @,+5641 865/,6+4+1. P1=/6/84=< @H 8@6+ + 17,6/< @7 #+/ + 46?1 =+4 +=1 4=/ & ' 58 54157456+ + 6,/+56>4 CO2< + +6/+56>4 + ,68+1+ + @/7556>4 +84+5 + #/++56>4 +1 @/=4+1 9D+< 200;. V+/1 @H "561 6465+4 +71456+ 8+7/ ,6 #4/+84= + 74 =68@ 58@1=+ 8+16+ 5/= + + 57//456+ @/511 +4+/>,651 4 + 8+1+. E @/51 58@1=+ 1 /+6+ 4=/ 74 /+4# +8@6 ?+/1 @H. L1 ?+/1 >@=681 @+/+ + 85+ @+/=6+ 14 4=/ !
T+,+ 2. N6?1 +5@=+,1 1 3+5=/1 31651 78651 @+/+ 58@1=+< 1 ?+/1 >@=681.
F74= M+47+ A@/?5+864= R1671 O/#"4651 + =/+?1 S61=8+1 C8@1=+ L8,/657=7/+ 4 V+ A,7//"
). METODOLOGIA
). MATERIALES Á/+1 @+/+ + 68@84=+56>4 161=8+ /+@/?5+864= /1671 1>61. R1671 1>61 /#"4651 58@1=+,1 #4/+1 4 1 =/+@651 874656@6 C41+5" I43/8+56>4 1574+/6+ +5/5+ @/51 58@1=+ M+4 ,/+ I43/+1=/75=7/+ H//+864=+ 8+47+ 85"465+ E76@ +,/+=/6
).2 METODOS DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROCESO PRODUCTIVO A 54=647+56>4 1 84564+/+4 15/6,6/"4 1 @/511 7 1 57=+/+4 4 + @+4=+ 58@1=+< @+/+ =/+=+864= 1 /1671 1>61 /#"4651 1 =/+@651 1 57+1 1/"4 =/+41@/=+1 +1=+ + @+4=+ @+/+ @/51 3+,/65+56>4 58@1=. R5@56>4 1 /1671 1>61 ?#=+1 +/4 + 58@1=+/. T/6=7/+56>4 /1671. F/8+56>4 @6+1. V= @6+1. C4=/ @+/"8=/1. M+7/+56>4< 515+ =+86+. A4"6161 @/75=. R=6/ 58@1=. • • • • • • • •
R5@56>4 1 /1671 /#"4651 + 58@1=+/ L+ @+4=+ @/51+/+ /1671 1>61 ?#=+1 /1671 761 @+1=11 58@71=1 @/ L+1 +1< +1 /+8+1 @/?464=1 +1 @+1 = =/ /167 /#"465 58 @+/=1 =/45 8"1 /1671 + 68@6+ +57+56>4 + 5++ E ,+#+ 7 1 /167 @+1=1 /17=+4= + 5+/6365+56>4 7# 5++ L+ 546+ /167+ + 5+/+. •
•
•
E1=1 1 /=6/+/+4 1 =/+@651 15564+1 =/1 ?51 @/ 18+4+< 4 74 ?57 +546564+ 54 74+ 5+/@+ @/=5=/+ 54 364 @/ =/+416=+/ @/ 15=/ 164 #4/+/ 54=+864+56>4 4 +1 ?+1. L1 /1671 1 ?+/+4 + + @+4=+ 7,65++ 4 74 15=/ 8618 874656@6< +546564+ @+/+ @/51. E4 64#/1 1 /#61=/+/+ + 35+ 1 1=68+/+ ?784 64#/1+ 54 364 @/ =4/ 74 54= @/54=+ ?784 1 /1671 =/864+1 4 58@1=. T/6=7/+56>4 /1671 P+/+ 1/ 7=66+1 4 @/51< +71 /1671 8+/ ?784 416+< ,4 1/ @/?6+84= =/6=7/+1< 54 74+ 8"764+ =/6=7/+/+< @+/+ +5+4+/ 74 =+8+ 643/6/ + $ 58< ,715+4 +1 6186476/ =68@ =/+13/8+56>4 8+=/6+ /#"465 4 58@1=. F/8+56>4 @6+1 D1@71 64#/1+ 8+=/6+ + + @+4=+< 54 +7+ 74 @/+/6 1 3/8+/+4 +1 @6+1 54 74 += 1.5 m < +45 3.0 m 74 +/# 20 m +@/68++84=< 7 4 ==+ @+/+ 5++ @6+ + 74 ?784 45 m . L+ 5+@+56+ 8"68+ @6+1 @+/+ + @+4=+ @4/" =//4 7 1 61@4#+ @/ @+/= =/+@65. 3
M+4 @6+1 P+/+ 54=/+/ + =8@/+=7/+ +1 @6+1 64=/?644 1 @/511 68@/=+4=1< 74 @/51 +6/+ 7 1 +/" 85+4 +1 @6+1 3/8+ 8+47+
@/51 54=/ 78+ 58@1= 7 1 /#7+/+ 86+4= /6# 54 +1@/1/1< @+/+ ?/6365+/ 7 + 78+ 4 1+ 643/6/ + $0:. E 8= 58@1=+ 54 +@6+864= 54 ?=< /76/ 7 + =8@/+=7/+ 1+ 8+/ 6#7+ + 55 ℃ < 7/+4= + 841 =/1 +1 +4=1 ?=+/ 58@1=. D7/+4= @/6 58@1=+ +1 @6+1 ,4 1/ ?=++1 74 8468 5645 ?51. U4 @/51 +=/4+=6? 1 =4/ 58@1= 4=/ 74+ =8@/+=7/+ 45 ℃ + 50 ℃ 7/+4= 2 +1 +4=1 ?=. L+ 3/57456+ ?= 8468+ @+/+ 74 @/6 $ 811< 7 1 =68@ 1=68+ 7 7/+ @/51< 1 + 16#764= • • • • •
P/68/ 81 74 ?=. S#74 81 1 ?=1. T/5/ 81 74 ?=. C7+/= 81 74 ?=. *764= S= 81 4 + ?=.
D1@71 =/5/ 81 57+4 ?784 58@1= 1 ++ /756 4 74 )0: $0 :< 1 @/5/" + 746/ +1 @6+1< 54 364 @/ 8/+/ 1 @/511 16#764=1. E1=1 +=1 3/57456+1 ?=< ?+/6+/+4 +57/ + @/51 7 364+84= 1 7=665 @+/+ + 5+@+56=+56>4 @/14+. C4=/ @+/"8=/1 S 54=/+/+4 +1 @6+1 @/8+44=84=< 8+4=464 74 /#61=/ 1 8+=/6+1 4 5++ @6+< +8"1 1 @/511 8+41 35=7+1. S =8+/+4 871=/+1 74+ ? + 81< @+/+ 54=/+/ 1 @+/"8=/1 58@1= +1 ?6=+/ 5+/+5=/1=65+1 +4/8+1 58 1 8+1 /1< 1 @+/"8=/1 + 54=/+/ 14 + =8@/+=7/+< + 78+< 46? PH 58@1=. P+/+ 1= @/51 54=/ 1 7=66+/+4 1 16#764=1 641=/784=1 • • •
T/8>8=/ 6#6=+. M6/ PH. A4+6+/ 78+.
O=/1 @+/"8=/1 58 + /+56>4 CN 54=46 8+=/6+ /#"465+< 84=1 58 N6=/>#4< F13/ P=+16< 4=/ =/1< 1 /+6+/+4
+4+6+4 74+ 871=/+ 5++ = 4 +,/+=/6 16#764 +1 /584+5641 61@71=+1 4 + NTC !$% 200). M+7/+56>4< 515+ =+86+ E &0: + @/7556>4 1/" 58@1= 1="4+/< 7 /76/ $ 18+4+1 @+/+ 17 @/7556>4 20 : /1=+4= 1/" 58@1= 8+7/< 1= =68 /76/ 74 @/51 8"68 (2 18+4+1. Y+ 364+6+1 1 @/511 58@1=+< ?784 ==+ 515+ 1 +@/68++84= 74 (! : ?784 64656+ 1 RSO @/?464=1 =/+@65. F64+84= 58@1= 515+ 1 =+86+/+< @+/+ 1@+/+/ 8+=/6+ #/+47+ +7 7 4 + +5+4+ 17 #/++56>4 8"68+. D +,/ 8+=/6+ 4 #/+47+ 1= ?7? + @/51 58@1=+. A4"6161 @/75= E @/75= =/864+ 1/" +4+6+< @+/+ ?/6365+/ 7 578@+ 54 1 @+/"8=/1 1=+,561 4 + 4/8+=6?6+ ICA • •
R7616=1 1+46=+/61 /7616=1 865/,6>#651. R7616=1 3165-78651 54=46 47=/64=1< /1< 78+< 5+@+56+ /6/+=+56>4< 8=+1 @1+1< 5475=6?6+ 5=/65+< /+56>4 5+/,446=/>#4< @H< 8+=/6+ /#"465+< =656+ 4 @+4=+1< =+8+ @+/=57+1< 68@7/+1.
R=6/ 58@1= E /=6/ 58@1=< 1 +/" 54 ?57 =?+ + 86+ 7 1 @/75=/1 @+/=656@+4=1 4 @/5= /76/+4. E 58@1= 7 + 1= 61= 1/" +@6+ 4=/ + 74+ ,#+ +57++ @+/+ =+ 364. E 8@+7 364+ 1/" 4 ,7=1 )0 Q#.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS OBRAS FÍSICAS DEL PROYECTO
E @/5= 4 17 5756>4 /76/ + 541=/7556>4 1@+561 1@56+84= +57+1 @+/+ 5++ =+@+ @/51 58@1=+< @/ 7 "/+ + +57+/ 4516=+/+ +1 16#764=1 1=/75=7/+1 P+=6 58@1=+ C4=+/" 74+ 17@/3656 !00 8 2< (0 8=/1 +45 !0 8=/1 +/#< 54 74 17 58@=+84= 1@+ 46?+ 54 74+ @464= 2: 1 + 5=+ 17@/6/ + + 5=+ 643/6/< 17 , 1=+/ 68@/8+,66+ , 54=4/ 74 /4+ @/68=/+. E1= 1@+56 1/" +,66=+ @+/+ + 3/8+56>4 54=/ +1 @6+1 58@1=< +1 57+1 1=+/"4 61=/6,76+1 74+1 + + =/+1 54 74+ 61=+456+ 8468+ .! 8=/1 +45 +4 @+1 + 1 @/+/61. S61=8+ /4+ E @+=6 58@1=+ 541=+/" 54 74 161=8+ /4+< 57+ 6457 74+ 5+4+=+ @/3746+ 20 + (0 58 /+4 @/8=/ + 17@/3656< 18,5+/" 4 74 /4+ @/6456@+ @/3746+ )0 + $0 58< 376 56/57+4= 1 54=4/" 4 74+ @61564+ (!2 8 9(0 8 (;< /57,6/=+ 54 74+ 5+@+ 8+=/6+ 68@/8+, @+/+ 57+ 1 7=66+/" 74+ # 88,/+4+ HDPE 4 3/++. P+=6 15+/#+ =/6=7/+ E1= 1@+56 1/" +,66=+ 4=/ "/+ @/@+/++ @+/+ @+=6 58@1=+ @+/+ =4/ 74 54=/ 1,/ 1 66?6+1< 1/" 74+ 17@/3656 +@/. D 00 82. E1= 1@+56 1/" +,66=+ @+/+ =/6=7/+ 8+=/6+ /5@564+< @+/+ @1=/6/ 3/8+ +1 @6+1 58@1=. Z4+ 15+41 C4=+/" 74+ 17@/3656 541=/76+ ==+ 2) 8 2 9( & 8; 1,/ 74+ @+5+ /86#>4< 1@+/++ 4 2 +8,64=1. E @/68/ +8,64= =4/" 74+ 17@/3656 ! 8 2 9( ! 8;< 541=/76 54 @+41 1 54 =/864+5641 4 @64=7/+< 1= 1@+56 1/" +,66=+ 58 58/ @+/+ 1 =/+,++/1. E 1#74 +8,64= 1 74+ 17@/3656 ' 8 2 9( ( 8;< 541=/76 54 @+5+1 @+4 @/ =/6/ /?1=6 4 @+45+1 36,/584= 917@/,+/; 54
=/864+5641 4 5/"865+ @+/+ 64=/6/< 1= 1@+56 1/" +,66=+ 58 ,+ 5+8,6+/1 @+/+ 1 =/+,++/1< @/ 57+ , 1/ 68@84=+ 54 74+ 75+< 74 +?+8+41 74 WC 4 74 1@+56 5//+ 64@464= 4 17 64=/6/. C+8641 64=/41 S +,66=+/+ 74 5+864 64=/4 0 8=/1 +45< 1 5+864 @/6456@+ +551 +1=+ + 4+ 15+/#+ 54 ,=6? 3+566=+/ +551 1 5+8641 54 8+=/6+ @+/+ 58@1=+/. I41=++56>4 E5=/65+ A#7+ P=+, S 1656=+/+ + +1 8@/1+1 5//1@464=1 + ++@=+56>4 +1 4+1 5=/65+1 +#7+ @=+, 61=4=1< @+/+ + +,66=+56>4 1=1 1/?6561 4 +1 641=++5641 @/5=.
PERSONAL E @/14+ 7 8+4+/" @/5= 7/+4= 17 3+1 5756>4< 1 1=68+ 4 @/14+1 +1 57+1 17 37456>4 1 15/6,6/"4 + 54=647+56>4 C3/ V57 E1 45+/#+ /=6/ RSO 1 1 =/+@651 @+/+ @1=/6/ =/+1+ 1=1 +1=+ + @+4=+ 58@1=+. O@/+/61 @/51 14 1 45+/#+1 15+/#+/ RSO 1 1 5+8641< =/+41@/=+/1 +56+ + =/6=7/+/+< + 3/8+56>4 +1 @6+1 58@1= /+6+/ ?= +1. E45+/#+ @/51 E1 45+/#+ 17@/?61+/ @/51 58@1=+< /?61+4 + =8@/+=7/+< 78+ 1=+ 58@1= 7/+4= =68@< +8"1 +7+/+ + @/+/6 4 = @/51 58@1=+. •
•
•
T @/14+ /56,6/" +1 5+@+56=+5641 5//1@464=1 1,/ @/51 58@1=+< + =/+?1 54?461 54 SENA
MA*UINARIA
P+/+ + /+6+56>4 @/51 58@1=+ 4 1= @/5= 1/" 451+/6 71 +1 16#764=1 8+764+/6+1 V57 S/" 7=66+ @+/+ =/+1+ 1 RSO 1 1 =/+@651 +1=+ + @+4=+ 58@1=+ +8"1 @+/+ =/+1+ 58@1= +56+ +1 "/+1 ?/1. H//+864=+ 8+47+ S/" 7=66++ 4 +5=6?6+1 5++ @/51 @+/+ + +57+56>4 RSO + 64=/6/ + @+4=+< @+/+ + 3/8+56>4 +1 @6+1 58@1= @+/+ /+6+/ ?= 5++ 74+ +1 57+4 5//1@4+. I457 @++1< =+56>4< 84=1 @/=556>4< =+86 8"1 7 1 /76/+4 @+/+ 5//5= 18@ 1 @/+/61. =/6=7/+/+ S/" 7=66++ @+/+ =/6=7/+/ 8#46+/ 1 RSO @/?464=1 1 =/+@651 "/+1 57=6?< @+/+ ,=4/ 74 8/ @/51 58@1=+. B+157+ 1 /76/ @+/+ @1+ 1 RSO 7 64#/1+4 + + @+4=+ @+/+ +5=6?6+1 8@+5+ @/75= 364+. •
•
•
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!. COSTOS DE INVERSIÓN PARA LA PLANTA DE COMPOSTAJE C1= @/ I43/+1=/75=7/+ E4 1 51=1 +156+1 + +1 643/+1=/75=7/+1 4 54=8@+/81 + 58@/+ 46 +//64 =//4< + 7 1 16#4+/+ 74+ 4+ =/+@65 A#/541+5+< + 57+ 4 68@65+ 74 51= + @/5=. S =4/" 7 541=/76/ 74+ 4+ 58@1=+< 4 57+ 1 =/+413/8+/+ 1 RSO 4 58@1=< +8"1 1 4516=+/" 74+ 4+ 15+41< @+/+ 1 =/+,++/1 + @+4=+.
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número de unidades
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Total Costos
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$. DIAGRAMA GANTT DEL CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES T+,+ ). D6+#/+8+ G+4==
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