Proposal SPK Pemilihan Karyawan Teladan

i

\XK\KZOF ZEXI\ZI

ZIZRCN \CMSMGOMD EC\SRSZOM SMRSE \CNIFI@OM EOXYOTOM RCFOBOM BCMDOM FKDIEO ASWWY RZSEONKRK (ZRSBI EOZSZ 7 \R A-I-A (ACBCXOF IMRCXMORIKMOF AIMOMJC))

KFC@ 7 OOM @IBOYOR :?
\XKDXON ZRSBI ZIZRCN IMAKXNOZI I MAKXNOZI ZCEKFO@ RIMDDI NOMOGCNCM IMAKXNORIEO BOM EKN\SRCX HOMGOXHOXS (ZRNIE HOMGOXHOXS) HOMGOXNOZIM 8
\XKDXON ZRSBI ZIZRCN IMAKXNOZI ZCEKFO@ RIMDDI NOMOGCNCM IMAKXNORIEO BOM EKN\SRCX HOMGOXHOXS(ZRNIE HOMGOXHOXS(ZRN IE HOMGOXHOXS) \CXZCRSGSOM \XK\KZOF ZEXI\ZI

Mono

7 OOM @IBOYOR

MIN

7 :?
\xkdxon Zrsbi

7 ZIZRCN IMAKXNOZI

Gsbsf Zexi|zi

7 ZIZRCN \CMSMGOMD EC\SRSZOM SMRSE \CNIFI@OM EOXYOTOM RCFOBOM BCMDOM FKDIEO ASWWY RZSEONKRK (ZRSBI EOZSZ 7 \R- AIA (ACBCXOF IMRCXMORIKMOF AIMOMJC))

Rcfo` bizcrsgsi smrse bizcnimoxeom |obo Zibomd \xk|kzof Zexi|zi \xkdxon Zrsbi Zizrcn Imakxnozi Zcekfo` Rimddi Nomogcncm Imakxnorieo ! Ekn|srcx Homgoxhoxs (ZRNIE HOMGOXHOXS)Homgoxnozim& Zc|rcnhcx 8
Ix- Ximromo Oxmic& N-EknNcmdcro`si 7 Ecrso Gsxszom Zizrcn Imakxnozi&

Ho`ox O- Xo`nom& N-Eknii

iii

BOAROX IZI @of-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii \CXZCRSGSOM \XK\KZOF ZEXI\ZI -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii i ii BOAROX IZI --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------q BOAROX ROHCF------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------qi qi BOAROX DONHOX ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ? HOH I \CMBO@SFSOM ------------------------------------------------------------------

?-?-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ? Forox Hcfoeomd -------------------------------------------------------------------

?-8-

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : \cxnozofo`om \cmcfiriom ---------------------------------------------------------------

?-8-?-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Ibcmriaieozi Nozofo` --------------------------------------------------------------

?-8-8-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Xsomd Fimdes| Nozofo` ---------------------------------------------------------------------

?-8-:-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Xsnszom Nozofo` -----------------------------------------------------------------

?-:-

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Rsgsom bom Nomaoor \cmcfiriom -------------------------------------------------------------------

?-:-?-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Rsgsom \cmcfiriom ------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ?-:-8- Nomaoor \cmcfiriom -----------------------------------------------------------

HOH II FOMBOZOM RCKXI BOM ECXOMDEO \CNIEIXOM ------------------------------------- 3 8-?-

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Rimgosom \szroeo ---------------------------------------------------------------

8-8-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Fombozom Rckxi-------------------------------------------------------------------

8-8-?-

\cmdcxriom Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom --------------------------------------------------- 1

8-8-8-

Eoxoercxizrie bom Nomaoor Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom -------------------------- 4

8-8-:-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Hchcxo|o Ecrcxhorozom Z\E ------------------------------------------------------------

8-8-2-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 Fkdieo Aswwy -------------------------------------------------------------

8-8-3-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?: Zrsbi Eozsz ---------------------------------------------------------------

8-:-

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?9 Ecxomdeo \cnieixom -----------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8< 8< HOH III NCRKBC \CMCFIRIOM --------------------------------------------------------------iii

iq

:-?-

Omofizo Echsrs`om -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8<

:-?-?:-8-

Ncrkbc \cmdsn|sfom Boro ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8<

\cxomjomdom \cmcfiriom ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8?

:-8-?-

Zsnhcx Boro bom Qoxiohcf \cmcfiriom ------------------------------------------------------- 8?

:-8-8-

Biodxon Ekmrcez -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88

:-8-:-

Szc Jozc Biodxon------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88

:-8-2-

Zcqscmjc Biodxon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8:

:-8-3-

Ojriiry Biodxon--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

:-:-

Rcemie Omofiziz Boro----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83

:-2-

Gobtof \cmcfiriom ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84

BOAROX \SZROEO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 BOAROX XITOYOR @IBS\------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89

iq

q

BOAROX ROHCF @ofRohcf :- ?- Czrinozi Gobtof \cmcfiriom ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 84

q

qi

BOAROX DONHOX @ofDonhox 8- ?- @in|smom Aswwy |obo oxiohcf rcn|cxorsx ------------------------------------------------- ?? Donhox 8- 8- Xc|xczcmrozi Esxo Hcmrse Ho`s --------------------------------------------------------------- ?8 Donhox 8- :- Asmdzi Ecomddkroom Qoxiohcf \cxnimroom -------------------------------------------------- ?2 Donhox 8- 2- Asmdzi Ecomddkroom Qoxiohcf \cxzcbioom --------------------------------------------------- ?3 Donhox 8- 3- Asmdzi Ecomddkroom Qoxiohcf \xkbsezi Hoxomd ----------------------------------------- ?1 Donhox 8- 1- Ecxomdeo \cnieixom ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?9 Donhox 8- 4- Ecxomdeo \cnieixom ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?9 Donhox :- ?- Biodxon Ekmrcez ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 Donhox :- 8- Szc Jozc Biodxon --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8: Donhox :- :- Zcqscmjc Biodxon -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 Donhox :- 2- Ojriiry Biodxon ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83

qi

HOH I \CMBO@SFSOM

?-?-

Forox Hcfoeomd

Esofiroz eoxyotom |obo zchodiom hczox |cxszo`oom ncxs|oeom zsors |cxnozofo` yomd zomdor |cmrimd- Bcmdom obomyo eoxyotom.eoxyotom yomd hcxesofiroz ncnhsor zsors |cxszo`oom bo|or hcxbixi bcmdom ekek`& hcxrsnhs` bom hcxecnhomd bcmdom |czor bom ncmgobi hczox- Kfc` eoxcmo irs bi|cxfseom ecxgozono yomd hoie omroxo zcnso eoxyotom bom |cnin|im |cxszo`oom\R A-I-A (Acbcxof Imrcxmorikmof Aimomjc) johomd Hors Fijim ncxs|oeom |cxszo`oom yomd hcxdcxoe bihibomd gozo |cnhioyoom zc|cbo nkrkx zcjoxo xircfHodi |in|imom nos|sm |cnifie boxi \R A-I-A ncmdomddo| eoxyotom.eoxyotom yomd hcecxgo bi |cxszo`ommyo ncxs|oeom xkbo |cmddcxoe yomd zomdor |cmrimd hodi ecfomdzsmdom |cxszo`oom- \cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom bifoeseom zcjoxo |cxikbie bcmdom rsgsom odox eoxyotom zcfofs ncnojs zcnomdor bofon biximyo smrse rcxsz ncmimdeoreom oros ho`eom rcro| ncn|cxro`omeom bcbieozi bom eimcxgomyo bi |cxszo`oom boxi ro`sm ec ro`sm\xkzcz |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom rcxzchsr hseom ncxs|oeom `of yomd nsbo`- Zcfono imi |obo \R- AIA johomd Hors Fijim bofon |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom myo bifoeseom bcmdom joxo ncnifi` zofo` zors eoxyotom yomd bi xcekncmbozieom kfc` eoxyotom.eoxyotom |obo \R- AIA irs zcmbixi& joxo |cnifi`om rcxzchsr rcmrs ncnifiei homyoe ecesxomdom rcxsrono boxi zcdi khgceriairoz zcxro hcfsn obo myo exircxio yomd rcxsesx yomd bidsmoeom smrse ncmcmrseom zio|o yomd  gobi eoxyotom rcfobom- Homyoe exircxio.exircxio zchodoi |cmifoiom yomd bidsmoeom

?

8

bofon |xkzcz |cnifi`om& binomo exircxio.exircxio rcxzchsr bibozoxeom |obo |cxzc|zi zczckxomd- Ecmbofo yomd foim yomd rinhsf bofon |cnsrszom |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom obofo` zcximd eofi |in|imom zchodoi |cmdonhif ec|srszom nozi` ncmdombofeom imrsizi (zshgceria)- @of imi rcmrs zogo ncmgobi zchso` ecesxomdom smrse ncmcmrseom rc|or oros riboemyo zczckxomd rcx|ifi` zchodoi eoxyotom rcfobomFkdieo  aswwy bcmdom |cmofoxom rzseonkrk obofo` zofo` zors ncrkbc yomd bo|or bircxo|eom smrse ncnhomdsm zsors zizrcn zchodoi |cmycfczoiom nozofo` rcxzchsr- Ncrkbc imi rcfo` homyoe bircxo|eom smrse hcxhodoi ec|cxfsom bofon ncmdorozi nozofo` yomd zcbomd bi`obo|i- Hchcxo|o |cmcfiriom biomroxomyo yomd ncmcxo|eom ncrkbc imi obofo` Domgox Xonob`om bcmdom gsbsfmyo ‖Ncmcmrseom @oxdo Nkhif Hceoz Rkykro Oqomwo Ncmddsmoeom Ncrkbc Rzseonkrk„ ncmcfiri rcmromd |cmcxo|om  aswwy rzseonkrk ec bofon zsors zizrcn yomd hcxrsgsom smrse  ncnhomrs jofkm |cnhcfi nkhif Oomwo hceoz bofon ncmcmrseom `oxdo yomd |omroz bihoyox smrse ncnhcfi

nkhif rcxzchsr- \cmcfiriom rcxzchsr ncfoeseom

|xkzcz rcx`obo| oxiohcf `oxdo hcfi nkhif hoxs& ekmbizi nkhif zceoxomd& ri|c+gcmiz nkhif& bom ro`sm |cnhcfiom nkhif- @ozif yomd bibo|or hcxs|o |xcbiezi `oxdo nkhf hceozKfc` eoxcmo irs |cxfs bixomjomd bom bihomdsm zchso` zizrcn yomd bo|or ncmdorozi |cxnozofo`om bioroz& yoirs bcmdom ncmcxo|eom fkdieo  aswwy ncmddsmoeom |cmofoxom rzseonkrk |obo zizrcn yomd bo|or ncnhcxieom zkfszi yomd rc|or bofon ncmcmrseom |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom-

:

?-8-

\cxnozofo`om \cmcfiriom

?-8-?- Ibcmriaieozi Nozofo`

Hcxbozoxeom |obo sxoiom forox hcfoeomd bioroz& noeo ibcmriaieozi |cxnozofo`om bofon |cmcfiriom imi yoirs joxo |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom yomd bifoeseom bcmdom ncnifi` zofo` zors eoxyotom yomd bi xcekncmbozieom kfc` eoxyotom.eoxyotom |obo \R- AIA irs zcmbixi& zcxro hcfsn obo myo exircxio yomd rcxsesx yomd bidsmoeom smrse ncmcmrseom zio|o yomd gobi eoxyotom rcfobomHomyoe exircxio.exircxio zchodoi |cmifoiom yomd bidsmoeom bofon |xkzcz |cnifi`om& binomo exircxio.exircxio rcxzchsr bibozoxeom |obo |cxzc|zi zczckxomd?-8-8- Xsomd Fimdes| Nozofo`

Xsomd fimdes| nozofo` smrse |cmcfiriom imi ncfi|sri 7 ?-

Exircxio.exircxio yomd oeom bi|cxdsmoeom bofon zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom imi obofo` bizi|fim& fkyofiroz& eknsmieozi& ohzcmzi& bom |xkhfcn zkfimd-

8-

Zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom imi bizczsoieom bcmdom orsxom yomd hcxfoes bi \R- AIA johomd Horsfijim-

:-

Zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom imi `omyo bi|cxsmrseeom smrse eoxyotom yomd hcxecbsbseom zchodoi zroa bi \R-AIA johomd Horsfijim-

?-8-:- Xsnszom Nozofo`

Xsnszom nozofo` bofon |cmcfiriom imi obofo` hodoinomo ncmcxo|eom ncrkbc  aswwy rzseonkrk bofon eozsz |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom |obo \R- AIA johomd Horsfijim;

2

?-:-

Rsgsom bom Nomaoor \cmcfiriom

?-:-?- Rsgsom \cmcfiriom

Zczsoi bcmdom forox hcfoeomd bi oroz& noeo |cmcfiriom yomd bifoeseom imi ncnifiei rsgsom ncmcxo|eom bom ncmdsgi rimdeor oesxozi fkdieo  aswwy rzseonkrk bofon eozsz |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom \R- AIA johomd Horsfijim?-:-8- Nomaoor \cmcfiriom

?-

Hodi \cmsfiz& |cmcfiriom imi hcxdsmo smrse ncmonho` totozom ncmdcmoi ncrkbc aswwy rzseonkrk hczcxro |cmcxo|ommyo-

8-

Hodi \R- AIA johomd Horsfijim& |cmcfiriom ncxs|oeom zofo` zors ofrcxmoria  bofon ncmcmrseom jofkm eoxyotom rcfobom zczsoi bcmdom exircxio yomd obo bi |cxszo`oom rcxzchsr-

:-

@ozif |cmcfiriom imi gsdo bo|or binomaooreom zchodoi xcacxcmzi smrse  |cmcfiriom zcfomgsrmyo-

HOH II FOMBOZOM RCKXI BOM ECXOMDEO \CNIEIXOM

8-?-

Rimgosom \szroeo

\cmcfiriom ncmdcmoi zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom |cnifi`om eoxyotm rcfobom hseomfo` hoxs |cxrono eofi imi bifoeseom & zsbo` obo |cmcfiriom rcxbo`sfs rcmromd |cmcxo|om ncrkbc  aswwy rzseonkrk rcxzchsr- \cmcfiriom rcxbo`sfs yomd xcfcom bcmdom |cmcfiriom imi obofo` zchodoi hcxiesrMi Nobc Bti \oxroti bcmdom gsbsf ‖Xomjomd Homdsm Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom \cnifi`om Eoxyotom Rcfobom Ncmddsmoeom Ncrkbc Aswwy O@\„Zizrcn rcxzchsr ncnhcxieom zoxom sxsrom |xikxiroz zkfszi |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom hcxbozoxeom exircxio imrcfcdcmzio& ec|xihobiom& zieo|& aizie& rcemiz& bom exircxio nomogcxiof zcxro nozimd.nozimd zshexircxio bom zchodoi |cxrinhomdom kfc` \R- HRJB bofon ncnifi` eoxyotomDomgox Xonob`om bcmdom gsbsfmyo ‖Ncmcmrseom @oxdo Nkhif Hceoz Rkykro Oqomwo Ncmddsmoeom Ncrkbc Rzseonkrk„ ncmcfiri rcmromd zsors zizrcn smrse ncnhomrs jofkm |cnhcfi nkhif Oomwo hceoz smrse ncmcmrseom `oxdo yomd |omroz yomd `oxsz io hoyox smrse ncnhcfi nkhif rcxzchsr bcmdom ncrkbc Rzseonkrk@ozif |cmcfiriom zchcfsnmyo bo|or ncmgobi imakxnozi bom ojsom hodi |cmcfiri zoor imi yomd ncmcxo|eom ncrkbc yomd zono- \cmcfiriom.|cmcfiriom bioroz hcxhcbo bcmdom |cmcfiriom eofi imi& binomo |cmcfiriom imi ncmcxo|eom ncrkbc Rzseonkrk smrse ncnhsor Zizrcn \cmsmgomd Ec|srszom bofon |cnifi`om

eoxyotom rcfobom ncmddsmoeom ncrkbc aswwy rzseonkrk-

3

1

8-8-

Fombozom Rckxi

8-8-?- \cmdcxriom Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom

Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom ( Bcjizikm Zs||kxr Zizrcn) ncxs|oeom zsors izrifo` yomd ncmdojs |obo zsors zizrcn yomd ncnonaooreom bsesmdom jkn|srcx bofon |xkzcz |cmdonhifom ec|srszom-Smrse ncnhcxieom |cmdcxriom rcxzchsr& bizimi oeom bisxoieom bcaimizi ncmdcmoi Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom-Yoirs& Z\E ncxs|oeom zsors zizrcn yomd imrcxoeria&yomd ncnhomrs |cmdonhif ec|srszom ncfofsi |cmddsmoom boro bom nkbcf.nkbcf ec|srszom smrse ncncjo`eom nozofo` yomd ziaormyo zcni rcxzrxsersx nos|sm yomd riboe rcxzrxsersxZ\E oros  Bcjizzikm Zs||kxr Zizrcn (BZZ) obofo` ncxs|oeom zsors esn|sfom zizrcn yomd bo|or ncmbsesmd |xkzcz |cmdonhifom ec|srszom&yomd zcfomgsrmyo bo|or ncmsmgomd |cmdonhifom ec|srszom bofon ncn|cxkfc` boro bom ncmdsgi hchcxo|o ofrcxmoria.ofrcxmoria zkfszi yomd ncmdombsmd ekmzcescmzi. ekmzcescmzi zcfono |xkzcz |cncjo`om nozofo` hcxfomdzsmd-Oros hkfc` bizchsr ncxs|oeom o|fieozi boxi zchso` zizrcn imakxnozi yomd ncnhomrs |xkzcz |cmdonhifom ec|srszomZ\E riboe birceomeom smrse ncnhsor ec|srszom& rcro|i smrse ncfcmdeo|i ncxceo yomd rcxfihor bofon |cmdonhifom ec|srszom bcmdom zcesn|sfom ecnon|som

smrse

ncmdkfo`

imakxnozi

yomd

bi|cxfseom

bofon

|xkzcz

|cmdonhifom ec|srszom bom zizrcn imi hseom binoezsbeom smrse ncmddomri |cmdonhifom ec|srszom bofon ncnhsor zsors ec|srszom&ncfoimeom ncmbsesmd |cmdonhif ec|srszom-

4

8-8-8- Eoxoercxizrie bom Nomaoor Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom

Eoxoercxizrie zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom obofo` zchodoi hcxiesr7 ?-

Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom bixomjomd smrse ncnhomrs |cmdonhifom ec|srszom bofon ncncjo`eom nozofo` yomd ziaormyo zcni rcxzrxsersx oros|sm yomd riboe rcxzrxsersx bcmdom ncmonho` echigoezomoom nomszio bom imakxnozi ekn|srcxizozi-

8-

Bofon |xkzcz |cmdkfo`ommyo& Z\E ncmdeknhimozieom |cmddsmoom nkbcf  ‚ nkbcf omofiziz bcmdom rcemie |cnozseom boro ekmcmzikmof zcxro asmdzi  ‚ asmdzi |cmjoxi+imrcxkdozi imakxnozi-

:-

Z\E bixomjomd zcbcnieiom xs|o zc`imddo bo|or bidsmoeom+bik|cxozieom bcmdom nsbo`-

2-

Z\E bixomjomd bcmdom ncmceomeom |obo oz|ce afcezihcf zcxro ecnon|som obo|rozi yomd rimddi-

Nomaoor yomd bo|or bionhif boxi zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom imi 7 ?-

Z\E ncn|cxfsoz ecnon|som |cmdonhifom ec|srszom bofon ncn|xkzcz boro+imakxnozi hodi |cnoeoimyo-

8-

Z\E ncnhomrs |cmdonhifom ec|srszom smrse ncncjo`eom nozofo` rcxsrono hcxhodoi nozofo` yomd zomdor ekn|fcez bom riboe rcxorsx-

:-

Z\E bo|or ncmd`ozifeom zkfszi bcmdom fchi` jc|or zcxro `ozifmyo bo|or biombofeomTofos|sm nsmdeim zogo Z\E&riboe non|s ncncjo`eom nozofo` yomd

bi`obo|i kfc` |cmdonhif ec|srszom&monsm io bo|or ncmgobi zrinsfomr  hodi

0

|cmdonhif ec|srszom bofon ncno`oni |cxzkofommyo& eoxcmo non|s ncmyogieom hcxhodoi ofrcxmoria |cncjo`om8-8-:- Hchcxo|o Ecrcxhorozom Z\E

?-

Obo hchcxo|o ecno|som nomogcncm bom hoeor nomszio yomd riboe bo|or binkbcfeom& zc`imddo nkbcf yomd obo bofon zizrcn riboe zcnsomyo ncmjcxnimeom |cxzkofom zchcmoxmyo-

8-

Ecnon|som zsors Z\E rcxhoroz |obo |cxhcmbo`oxoom |cmdcro`som yomd binifieimyo ( |cmdcro`som bozox zcxro nkbcf bozox )-

:-

\xkzcz . |xkzcz yomd bo|or bifoeseom Z\E hiozomyo gsdo rcxdomrsmd |obo |cxomdeor fsmoe yomd bidsmoeom-

2-

Z\E

riboe

ncnifiei

ecnon|som

imrsizi

zc|cxri

yomd

binifiei

nomszio-Zizrcn imi bixomjomd `omyofo` smrse ncnhomrs |cmdonhifom ec|srszom bofon ncfoezomoeom rsdoz8-8-2- Fkdieo Aswwy 8-8-2-? \cmdcxriom Fkdieo Aswwy

Bofon fkdieo ekmcmzikmof& mifoi echcmoxom ncn|smyoi ekmbizi yomd |ozri yoirs hcmox oros zofo` (rxsc kx aofzc)& bcmdom riboe obo ekmbizi omroxo- \ximzi| imi rcfo` ncmbknimozi |cnieixom fkdieo bi bsmio zon|oi zceoxomd- Rcmrs zogo& |cnieixom ncmdcmoi fkdieo ekmcmzikmof bcmdom mifoi echcmoxom yomd |ozri yoirs hcmox oros zofo` bofon ec`ibs|om yomd myoro zomdorfo` riboe nsmdeim- fkdieo  aswwy ncmotoxeom zsors fkdieo yomd bo|or ncxc|xczcmrozieom ecoboom bsmio

myoroRckxi `in|smom fkdieo  aswwy bi ecnhomdeom kfc` \xkaczzkx Fkari O- Wobc` |obo ro`sm ?913- Io hcx.|cmbo|or ho`to fkdieo hcmox bom zofo` boxi fkdieo

9

hkkfcomfekmcmzikmof riboe bo|or ncmdorozi nozofo` dxobozi yomd hcxobo |obo bsmio myoro-Smrse ncmdorozi nozofo` dxobozi yomd riboe rcx`imddo rcxzchsr& Wobc` ncmdcnhomdeom zchso` `in|smom  aswwy- Riboe zc|cxri fkdieo hkkfcom& fkdieo  aswwy ncn|smyoi mifoi yomd ekmrims- Aswwy bimyoroeom bofon bcxogor boxi zsors ecomddkroom bom bcxogor boxi echcmoxom- Kfc` zchoh irs zczsors bo|or bieoroeom zchodiom hcmox bom zchodiom zofo` |obo toers yomd zonoHcxbozoxeom `of rcxzchsr bioroz Fkdieo  aswwy bo|or bidsmoeom smrse  ncnkbcfeom zsors |cxnozofo`om yomd norcnoriz& binomo ekmzc| norcnoriz yomd ncmbozoxi |cmofoxom  aswwy zomdor zcbcx`omo bom nsbo` bincmdcxriFkdieo aswwy ncxs|oeom dcmcxofizozi boxi fkdieo efozie (Jxiz| Zcr) yomd `omyo ncnifiei bso mifoi ecomddkroom yoirs < bom ?- Bofon fkdieo  aswwy mifoi echcmoxom zsors |cxmyoroom hcxeizox boxi zc|cms`myo hcmox zon|oi bcmdom zc|cms`myo zofo`Aswwy Fkdij hcx`shsmdom bcmdom ecriboe|ozriom yomd rcfo` ncmgobi ziaor

ofonio` nomszio& ncmzinsfozieom |xkzcz |cxrinhomdom mkxnof nomszio bcmdom  gofom ncnsmdeimeom ekn|srcx smrse hcx|cxifoes zcbieir fchi` zcezono bom fkdiz boxi|obo yomd bihsrs`eom ncrkbc jkn|srcx ekmcmzikmof\cnieixom bi hofie |cmbceorom imi obofo` |cmdonhifom ec|srszom riboe  zceobox |cxzkofom `iron bom |sri` oros hcmox bom zofo`& monsm ecxo|eofi ncfihoreom oxco ohs.ohs& bom `of irs binsmdeimeom8-8-2-8 @in|smom  Aswwy

@in|smom aswwy ncxs|oeom zsors dxks| yomd nctoeifi zsors ekmbizi oros ecoboo rcxrcmrs bofon zsors oxiohcf  aswwy- \obo `in|smom rcdoz (jxiz|)& mifoi ecomddkroom zsors ircn p bofon zsors `in|smom O& yomd zcximd birsfiz bcmdom

?<

afOUp^& ncnifiei bso ecnsmdeimom& yoirs 7 Zors (I)& yomd hcxoxri ho`to zsors ircn ncmgobi ommdkro bofon zsors `in|smom oros Mkf (<)& yomd hcxoxri ho`to zsors ircn riboe ncmgobi omddkro bofon zsors `in|smom\obo `in|smom  aswwy mifoi ecomddkroom rcxfcroe |obo xcmromd < zon|oi ?O|ohifo p ncnifiei mifoi ecomddkroom  aswwy afOU p^ > < hcxoxri p riboe ncmgobi omddkro `in|smom O& bcnieiom |sfo o|ohifo p ncnifiei mifoi ecomddkroom  aswwy afOU p^ > ? hcxoxri p ncmgobi omddkro |cms` |obo `in|smomOEcnixi|om omroxo ecomddkroom  aswwy bcmdom |xkhohifiroz rcxeobomd ncminhsfeom ecxomjsom& eoxcmo ncnifiei mifoi |obo imrcxof U<&?^& monsm imrcx|xcrozi mifoimyo zomdor hcxhcbo- Ecomddkroom  aswwy ncnhcxieom zsors sesxom rcx`obo| |cmbo|or oros ec|srszom& zcbomdeom |xkhohifiroz ncmdimbieozieom |xk|kxzi rcx`obo| eczcximdom zsors `ozif hcxmifoi hcmox bofon gomdeo |omgomd@in|smom aswwy ncnifiei 8 orxihsr& yoirs 7 o-

Fimdsizrie& yoirs |cmonoom zsors dxks| yomd nctoeifi zsors ecoboom oros ekmbizi rcxrcmrs bcmdom ncmddsmoeom ho`ozo ofoni& zc|cxri 7 Nsbo& \oxkhoyo& Rso-

h-

Msncxiz& yoirs zsors mifoi (omdeo) yomd ncmsmgseeom sesxom boxi zsors oxiohcf zc|cxri 7 83&2<&1
yoirs 7

o- Qoxiohcf  aswwy Qoxiohcf  aswwy ncxs|oeom oxiohcf yomd `cmboe biho`oz bofon zsors zyzrcn aswwy- Jkmrk` 7 snsx& rcn|cxorsx& |cxnimroom& bzhh- @in|smom  aswwy

??

@in|smom  aswwy ncxs|oeom zsors dxs| yomd nctoeifi zsors ekmbizi oros ecoboom rcxrcmrs bofon zsors oxiohcf  aswwyJkmrk` 7 ?-

Qoxiohcf

snsx&

rcxhodi

ncmgobi

:

`in|smom  aswwy&

yoirs

7

NSBO& \OXKHOYO& RSO8-

Qoxiohcf rcn|cxorsx& rcxhodi ncmgobi 3 `in|smom  aswwy& yoirs 7 BIMDIM& ZCGSE& MKXNOF& @OMDOR& bom \OMOZ-

ZCGSE

BIMDIM

MKXNOF

@OMDOR

\OMOZ

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Donhox 8- ?- @in|smom Aswwy |obo oxiohcf rcn|cxorsx

j- Zcnczro \cnhijoxoom Zcnczro |cnhijoxoom obofo` eczcfsxs`om mifoi yomd bi|cxhkfc`eom snrse  bik|cxozieom bofon zsors oxiohcf  aswwy- Zcnczro |cnhijoxoom ncxs|oeom `in|smom hifomdom xcof yomd zcmomriozo moie (hcxronho`) zcjoxo nkmkrkm boxi eixi ec eomom- Mifoi zcnczro |cnhijoxoom bo|or hcxs|o hifomdom |kziria  nos|sm mcdoria- Oboeofomyo mifoi zcnczro |cnhijoxoom imi riboe bihorozi horoz orozmyoJkmrk` 7 ?- Zcnczro |cnhijoxoom smrse qoxiohcf snsx 7 U< %∝^ 8- Zcnczro |cnhijoxoom smrse oxiohcf rcn|cxorsx 7 U< 2<^ b- Bknoim Bknoim `in|smom  aswwy obofo` eczcfsxs`om mifoi yomd biigimeom bofon

?8

zcnczro |cnhijoxoom bom hkfc` bik|cxozieom bofon zsors `in|smom  aswwy - Zc|cxri `ofmyo zcnczro |cnhijoxoom& bknoim ncxs|oeom `in|smom

hifomdom xcof yomd zcmomriozo moie (hcxronho`) zcjoxo nkmkrkm boxi eixi ec eomom- Mifoi bknoim bo|or hcxs|o hifomdom |kziria nos|sm mcdoriaJkmrk` bknoim `in|smom aswwy 7 ?- NSBO

7 U< 23^

8- \OXKHOYO

7 U:: 23^

:- RSO

7 U23 %∝^

8-8-2-: Asmdzi Ecomddkroom

Asmdzi ecomddkroom obofo` zsors esxo yomd ncmsmgseeom |cncroom ririe. ririe im|sr boro ec bofon mifoi ecomddkroom yomd ncnifiei mifoi imrcxof omroxo < bom I- Zofo` zors joxo yomd bo|or bidsmoeom smrse ncmbo|oreom mifoi ecomddkroom obofo` bcmdom ncfofsi |cmbceorom asmdziZofo` zors xc|xczcmrozi asmdzi ecomddkroom bofon  aswwy yomd oeom bi|oeoi obofo` xc|xczcmrozi esxo hcmrse ho`s- Esxo yomd hcmrsemyo zc|cxri ho`s bi zizi |ofimd eomom bom |ofimd eiximyo- @in|smom  aswwy ”ho`s‛& hseom zcdirido& bidsmoeom smrse ncmdoe`ixi oxiohcf zsors bocxo`  aswwyHo`s Eixi

Ho`s Eomom

? ³Up^

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h

j

b

c

a 

Donhox 8- 8- Xc|xczcmrozi Esxo Hcmrse Ho`s

Obo bso ecoboom `in|smom  aswwy yomd fimcox- \cxrono& ecmoieom `in|smom binsfoi |obo mifoi bknoim yomd ncnifiei bcxogor ecomddkroom mkf U<^

?:

hcxdcxoe ec eomom ncmsgs ec mifoi bknoim yomd ncnifiei bcxogor ecomddkroom fchi` rimddi- Ecbso& ncxs|oeom echofieom yomd |cxrono- Doxiz fsxsz binsfoi boxi mifoi bknoim bcmdom bcxogor ecomddkroom rcxrimddi |obo zizi eixi& ecnsbiom hcxdcxoe ncmsxsm ec mifoi bknoim yomd ncnifiei bcxogor ecomddkroom fchi` xcmbo`8-8-2-2 Ncrkbc Rzseonkrk

Bofon ncnhomdsm zchso` zizrcn  aswwy biecmof hchcxo|o ncrkbc |cmofoxom& omroxo foim 7 ncrkbc Rzseonkrk& ncrkbc Nonbomi bom ncrkbc Zsdcmk\obo ncrkbc Rzseonkrk& zcrio| ekmzcescm |obo orsxom yomd hcxhcmrse IA. R@CM `oxsz bixc|xczcmrozieom bcmdom zsors `in|smom  aswwy bcmdom asmdzi ecomddkroom yomd nkmkrkm- Zchodoi `ozifmyo& ksr|sr `ozif imacxcmzi boxi rio|. rio| orsxom bihcxieom bcmdom rcdoz ( jxiz|) hcxbozoxeom ο.|xcbieor ( aixc zrxcmdr`)@ozif oe`ixmyo bi|cxkfc` bcmdom ncmddsmoeom xoro.xoro rcxhkhkrNizof obo 8 oxiohcf im|sr& ox.?(p) bom ox.8(y) zcxro ? oxiohcf ksr|sr ox.:(w)& binomo ox.? rcxhodi oroz 8 `in|smom yoirs O? bom O8 bom ox.8 rcxhodi oroz `in|smom H? bom H8- Zcbomdeom ox.: gsdo rcxhodi oroz 8 `in|smom yoirs J? bom J8- (Eszsnobcti& 8<<:)Obo bso orsxom yomd bidsmoeom yoirs7 UX?^ IA (p iz O?) omb (y iz H8) R@CM (w iz J?) UX8^ IA (p iz O8) omb (y iz H?) R@CM (w iz J8) 8-8-3- Zrsbi Eozsz

Zsors |cxszo`oom noeomom eofcmd oeom ncn|xkbsezi noeomom gcmiz OHJ- Boxi boro ? hsfom rcxoe`ix& |cxnimroom rcxhczox ncmjo|oi 3<<<

?2

ecnozom+`oxi& bom |cxnimroom rcxecjif ncmjo|oi ?<<< ecnozom+`oxi- \cxzcbioom hoxomd bi dsbomd rcxhomyoe ncmjo|oi 1<< ecnozom+`oxi& bom rcxecjif |cxmo` ncmjo|oi ?<< ecnozom+`oxi- Bcmdom zcdofo ecrcxhorozommyo& zon|oi zoor imi |cxszo`oom hoxs ncn|xkbsezi hoxomd noezinsn 4<<< ecnozom+`oxi& smrse  caizicmzi nczim bom ZBN rio| `oxi bi`oxo|eom |cxszo`oom ncn|xkbsezi |ofimd riboe 8<<< ecnozom- Hcxo|o ecnozom noeomom gcmiz OHJ yomd `oxsz bi|xkbsezi&  gieo gsnfo` |cxnimroom zchomyoe 2<<< ecnozom bom |cxzcbioom bi dsbomd nozi` :<< ecnozom& o|ohifo |xkzcz |xkbsezi |cxszo`oom rcxzchsr ncmddsmoeom 2 orsxom  aswwy zchodoi hcxiesr 7

UX?^

IA \cxnimroom RSXSM Omb \cxzcbioom HOMYOE R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXESXOMD5

UX8^

IA \cxnimroom RSXSM Omb \cxzcbioom ZCBIEIR R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXESXOMD5

UX:^

IA \cxnimroom MOIE Omb \cxzcbioom HOMYOE R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXRONHO@5

UX2^

IA \cxnimroom MOIE Omb \cxzcbioom ZCBIEIR R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXRONHO@5

Zkfszi 7 Obo : oxiohcf yomd oeom binkbcfeom& yoirs 7 ?- \cxnimroom& rcxbixi oroz 8 `in|smom aswwy 7 MOIE bom RSXSM³Up^ RSXSM

MOIE

<&43 <&83 < ?<<<

2<<<

3<<<

Donhox 8- :- Asmdzi Ecomddkroom Qoxiohcf \cxnimroom

?3

Ncmjoxi mifoi ecomddkroom 7 ³\nrRSXSM(2<<<)

> (3<<<.2<<<)+2<<< > <&83

³\nrMOIE(2<<<)

> (2<<<.?<<<)+2<<< > <&43

8- \cxzcbioom& rcxbixi oroz 8 `in|smom  aswwy 7ZCBIEIR bom HOMYOEZCBIEIR

³Uy^

HOMYOE

? <&1 <&2 <

?<<

:<<

1<<

Donhox 8- 2- Asmdzi Ecomddkroom Qoxiohcf \cxzcbioom

Ncmjoxi mifoi ecomddkroom 7 ³\zbZCBIEIR(:<<)

> (1<<.:<<)+3<< > <&1

³\zbHOMYOE(:<<)

> (:<<.?<<)+3<< > <&2

?1

:- \xkbsezi&

rcxbixi

oroz

8

`in|smom  aswwy

7

HCXESXOMD

bom

HCXRONHO@HCXESXOMD

³Uw^

HCXRONHO@

?

< 8<<<

4<<<

Donhox 8- 3- Asmdzi Ecomddkroom Qoxiohcf \ xkbsezi Hoxomd

Joxi mifoi w smrse zcrio| orsxom bcmdom ncmddsmoeom asmdzi NIM |obo o|fieozi asmdzi in|fieozimyo 7 UX?^

IA \cxnimroom RSXSM Omb \cxzcbioom HOMYOE R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXESXOMD5 ο.|xcbieor?

> ³\nmRSXSM ᴑ \zbHOMYOE  > nim(³\nmRSXSM(2<<<)& ³\zbHOMYOE(:<<)) > nim(<&835<&2) > <&83

Fi`or `in|smom \xkbsezi hoxomd HCXESXOMD& (4<<<.w)+3<<< > <&83 UX8^

w ? > 343<

IA \cxnimroom RSXSM Omb \cxzcbioom ZCBIEIR R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXESXOMD5 ο.|xcbieor8

> ³\nrRSXSM ᴑ \zbZCBIEIR

?4

> nim(³\nrRSXSM(2<<<)& ³\zbZCBIEIR(:<<)) > nim(<&835<&1) > <&83 Fi`or `in|smom \xkbsezi hoxomd HCXESXOMD& (4<<<.w)+3<<< > <&83 UX:^

w 8 > 343<

IA \cxnimroom MOIE Omb \cxzcbioom HOMYOE R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXRONHO@5 ο.|xcbieor:

> ³\nrMOIE ᴑ \zbHOMYOE  > nim(³\nrMOIE(2<<<)& ³\zbHOMYOE(:<<)) > nim(<&435<&2) > <&2

Fi`or `in|smom \xkbsezi hoxomd HCXRONHO@& (w.8<<<)+3<<< > <&2 UX2^

w : > 2<<<

IA \cxnimroom MOIE Omb \cxzcbioom ZCBIEIR R@CM\xkbsezi Hoxomd HCXRONHO@5 ο.|xcbieor2

> ³\nrMOIE ᴑ \zbZCBIEIR > nim(³\nRMOIE(2<<<)& ³\zbZCBIEIR(:<<)) > nim(<&435<&1) > <&1

Fi`or `in|smom \xkbsezi hoxomd HCXRONHO@& (w.8<<<)+3<<< > <&1

w 2 > 2<<<

Mifoi w bo|or bijoxi bcmdom joxo zchodoi hcxiesr 7

?0

Gobi gsnfo` noeomom eofcmd gcmiz OHJ yomd `oxsz bi|xkbsezi zchomyoe  290: ecnozom-

?9

8-:-

Ecxomdeo \cnieixom

Donhox 8- 1- Ecxomdeo \cnieixom

HOH III NCRKBC \CMCFIRIOM

:-?-

Omofizo Echsrs`om

Omofiziz echsrs`om |cxomdeor fsmoe bifoeseom smrse ncmdcro`si zcnso |cxnozofo`om zcxro echsrs`om yomd bi|cxfseom bofon |cmdcnhomdom o|fieozi zizrcn |cmbsesmd ec|srszom |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom- Omofiziz bifoeseom bcmdom ncmjoxi bom ncmcmrseom |cxnozofo`om yomd bi`obo|i& zcxro zcnso echsrs`om zc|cxri omofiziz nozofo`& omofiziz zizrcn& nozseom bom ecfsoxom zizrcn& omroxnseo zizrcn& zcxro asmdzi.asmdzi yomd bihsrs`eomNcrkbc omofiziz ncxs|oeom fomdeo` |cmrimd bofon |cxomjomdom |cxomdeor fsmoe- Fomdeo` imi zomdor ncn|cmdoxs`i |cxomjomdom yomd bihsor hczcxro in|fcncmrozimyo- Eczofo`om bom ecesxomdzcn|sxmoom |obo ro`o| imi bo|or ncmdoeihoreom eczofo`om |obo |cxomjomdom |cxomdeor fsmoe& zc`imddo |xkdxon riboe bo|or biin|fcncmrozieom zc|cxri yomd biimdimeomQoxiohcf.oxiohcf yomd bi|cfseom bofon |cnhsorom zizrcn |cmsmgomd ec|srszom smrse |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom bcmdom fkdieo  aswwy rzseonkrk |obo \R- AIA johomd horsfijim yoirs ecbiz|ifimom& fkyofiroz rcx`obo| |cxszo`oom& ecnon|som eknsmieozi& rimdeor ec`obixom& bom ecnon|som bofon ncncjo`eom nozofo` zchodoi oxiohcf im|sr bom oxiohcf `ozif zchodoi oxiohcf ksr|sr:-?-?- Ncrkbc \cmdsn|sfom Boro

?- Ncrkbc Ec|szroeoom

8<

8?

Ncrkbc imi bidsmoeom smrse ncmdsn|sfeom boro.boro bom xsnsz. xsnsz yomd bi|cxfseom bofon eoirommyo smrse ncmcxo|eom ofdkxirno  aswwy rzseonkrk - @of imi bo|or bi|cxkfc` boxi hses.hses bom fircxorsx foimmyo-

8- Totomjoxo Ncrkbc imi bifoeseom bcmdom nomdoboeom romyo gotoh (totomjoxo) zcjoxo fomdzsmd bcmdom |i`oe.|i`oe yomd hcxeoirom bcmdom imakxnozi:- Ncrkbc khzcxozi Ncrkbc imi bifoezomoeom bcmdom ncfoeseom |cmimgosom fomdzsmd |obo khgce |cmcfiriom zcxro ncfoeseom |cmjororom ncmdcmoi `of.`of bom zcnso ecgobiom yomd hcx`shsmdom bcmdom nozofo` yomd bircfiri- Khzcxozi bifoeseom bi \R- AIA johomd Horsfijim:-8-

\cxomjomdom \cmcfiriom

:-8-?- Zsnhcx Boro bom Qoxiohcf \cmcfiriom

Boro |cmcfiriom yomd bidsmoeom obofo` boro zcesmbcx yomd bionhif boxi \R- AIA johomd Horsfijim- Qoxiohcf |cmcfiriom yomd bidsmoeom hcxgsnfo` 3 oxiohcf im|sr bom ? oxiohcf ksr|sr- oxiohcf rcxzchsr obofo` zchodoi hcxiesr 7 P?> bizi|fim P8 > fkyofiroz P: > eknsmieozi P2 > ohzcmzi P3 > |xkhfcn zkfimd (ecnon|som ncncjo`eom nozofo`) P1 > `ozif imacxcmzi

88

:-8-8- Biodxon Ekmrcez

Biodxon ekmrcez ncxs|oeom donhoxom snsn ncmdcmoi imrcxoezi yomd rcxgobi omroxo zizrcn bcmdom obnim- Biodxon ekmrcez boxi zizrcn imi birsmgseeom |obo donhox\obo biodxon ekmrcez bidonhoxeom |xkzcz snsn yomd rcxgobi bi bofon zizrcn- Rcxbo|or ekn|kmcm |xkzcz jfszrcx bom cprcxmof cmriry obnim zchodoi yomd ncnozseeom im|sr bom ncmcxino ksr|sr- Obnim ncnozseeom gsnfo` jfszrcx yomd binimro smrse zcfomgsrmyo bi |xkzcz- Zcrcfo` ncfoeseom |xkzcz& zizrcn oeom ncmd`ozifeom ksr|sr  hcxs|o-

Obnim

Im|sr Boro Eoxyotom Im|sr Qoxiohcf Bizi|fim Im|sr Qoxiohcf fkyofiroz Im|sr Qoxiohcf Eknsmieozi Im|sr Qoxiohcf Ohzcmzi Im|sr Qoxiohcf |xkhfcn zkfqimd

Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom \cnifi`om Eoxyotom Rcfobom

Boarox jofkm eoxyotom rcfobom

Donhox :- ?- Biodxon Ekmrcez

:-8-:- Szc Jozc Biodxon Szc jozc obofo` ekmzrxsezi smrse ncmbczexi|zieom hodoinomo zizrcn

rcxfi`or binoro |cmddsmo- Zozoxom |cxnkbcfom szc jozc biomroxomyo obofo` ncmbcaimizieom

echsrs`om

asmdzikmof

bom

k|cxozikmof

zizrcn

bcmdom

ncmbcaimizieom zecmoxik |cmddsmoom yomd bizc|oeori omroxo |cnoeoi bom |cmdcnhomd ( bccfk|cx )- Boxi ibcmriaieozi oerkx yomd rcxfihor bioroz noeo szc jozc biodxon smrse zizrcn |cmsmgomd ec|srszom bofon |cnifi`om oxnobo bo|or

bifi`or |obo

8:

sj Z\E |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom

Im|sr Horoz Oroz bom Horoz Hoto` Qoxiohcf

Im|sr Qoxiohcf Bizi|fim

Im|sr Qoxiohcf Fkyofiroz

Im|sr Qoxiohcf

Im|sr Qoxiohcf Eknsmieozi

Szcx Ofdkxirno Aswwy Rzseonkrk

Im|sr Qoxiohcf Ohzcmzi

Im|sr Qoxiohcf \xkhfcn Zkfqimd

qict `ozif

Donhox :- 8- Szc Jozc Biodxon

:-8-2- Zcqscmjc Biodxon Zcqscmjc biodxon ncmddonhoxeom imrcxoezi omrox khgce bibofon bom

bizceirox zizrcn (rcxnozse |cmddsmo& biz|foy bom zchodoimyo) hcxs|o nczzodc yomd bidonhoxeom rcx`obo| toers- Zcqscmjc biodxon rcxibixi omrox bincmzi cxrieof (toers) bom bincmzi `kxiwkmrof (khgce.khgce yomd rcxeoir)- Zcqsmjc biodxon hiozo bidsmoeom smrse ncmddonhoxeom zecmoxik oros xomdeoiom fomdeo`.

fomdeo` yomd bifoeseom zchodoi xcz|km boxi zchso` ccmr  smrse ncmd`ozifeom

82

ksr|sr  rcxrcmrs- Biotofi boxi o|o yomd ncm.rxiddcx oeriiroz rcxzchsr& |xkzcz bom

|cxsho`om o|o zogo yomd rcxgobi zcjoxo imrcxmof bom ksr|sr  o|o yomd bi`ozifeomNozimd.nozimd khgce& rcxnozse oerkx ncnifiei fiacfimc cxrieof- Nczzodc bidonhoxeom zchodoi doxiz hcx|omo` boxi zsors khgce ec khgce foimmyo- \obo aozc bczoim hcxiesrmyo& nczzodc oeom bi|croeom ncmgobi k|cxozi + ncrkbc boxi jfozz Ojriorikm hox  ncmsmgseeom fonomyo cezceszi zchso` |xkzcz& hiozomyo biotofi

bcmdom bircxinomyo zchso` nczzodc zb Z\E |cnifi`om eoxyotom rcfobom Borohozc Eoxyotom Szcx

Foyox

@ozif Ofdkxirno Aswwy Rzseonkrk

Ron|ifom ncms()

Im|sr qoxiohcf()

\xkzcz()

@ozif Imacxcmzi() Ncmon|if eom `ozif imacxcmzi rzseonkrk()

@ozif Imacxcmzi()

Donhox :- :- Zcqscmjc Biodxon

:-8-3- Ojriiry Biodxon  Ojriiry biodxon obofo` hodiom boxi SNF yomd bidsmoeom smrse 

ncmddonhoxeom ro`o|om boxi zcrio| |xkzcz hizmiz yomd obo odox fchi` nsbo` ncno`oni |xkzcz hizmiz yomd rcxgobiBofon ojriiry biodxon rio| oeriiroz bixc|xczcmrozieom bcmdom xksmbcb  xcjromdfc yomd bi`shsmdeom bcmdom omoe |omo` smrse ncmddonhoxeom rxomzizi

83

boxi zors oeriiroz ec oeriiroz foim-  Ojriiry biodxon nsfoi boxi imiriof zrorc bom bioe`ixi bcmdom aimof zrorc ojr Z\E |cnifi`om--Nsfoi

Im|sr Qoxi ohcf

Ofdkxirno Aswwy Rzseonkrk

@ozif

Zcfczoi

Donhox :- 2- Ojriiry Biodxon

:-:-

Rcemie Omofiziz Boro

\obo ncrkbc Rzseonkrk& zcrio| ekmzcescm |obo orsxom yomd hcxhcmrse IA. R@CM `oxsz bixc|xczcmrozieom bcmdom zsors `in|smom  aswwy bcmdom asmdzi ecomddkroom yomd nkmkrkm- Zchodoi `ozifmyo& ksr|sr `ozif imacxcmzi boxi rio|. rio| orsxom bihcxieom bcmdom rcdoz ( jxiz|) hcxbozoxeom ο.|xcbieor (aixc zrxcmdr`)@ozif oe`ixmyo bi|cxkfc` bcmdom ncmddsmoeom xoro.xoro rcxhkhkrRo`o|om bofon |cxomjomdom zizrcn  aswwy iofo` zchodoi hcxiesr 7 ?- Ncmbcaimizieom nkbcf nozseom bom ecfsoxom zyzrcn& bofon eozsz imi rcxbo|or 3 nkbcf nozseom+oxiohcf im|sr 7 bizi|fim& fkyofiroz& eknsmieozi&

ohzcmzi& |xkhcf zkfimd-

81

8- Bcekn|kzizi oxiohcf nkbcf ncmgobi `in|smom  aswwy& ec.3 oxiohcf im|sr bom ? oxiohcf ksr|sr rcxhodi oroz : `in|smom yoirs hoie& jses|& e sxomd-

:- \cnhsorom Orsxom A swwy& Obo : orsxom yomd bi|oeoi& yoirs 7 UX?^

IA (P? iz hoie) OMB (P8 iz hoie) OMB (P: iz hoie) OMB (P2 iz hoie) OMB (P3 iz hoie) R@CM (P1 iz hoie)-

UX8^

IA (P? iz jses|) OMB (P8 iz jses|) OMB (P: iz jses|) OMB (P2 iz jses|) OMB (P3 iz jses|) R@CM (P1 iz jses|)-

UX:^

IA (P? iz esxomd) OMB (P8 iz esxomd) OMB (P: iz esxomd) OMB (P2 iz esxomd) OMB (P3 iz esxomd) R@CM (P1 iz esxomd)-

Bcmdom 7 P?> bizi|fim P8 > fkyofiroz P: > eknsmieozi P2 > ohzcmzi P3 > |xkhfcn zkfimd (ecnon|som ncncjo`eom nozofo`) P1 > `ozif imacxcmzi 2- \xkzcz Fkdieo Aswwy 7 o- Aswwiaieozi& ncxs|oeom |xkzcz smrse ncmbo|oreom bcxogor ecomddkroom boxi zchso` mifoi msncxie nozseom (jxiz|)Nizof smrse ncmbo|oreom bcxogor ecomddkroom smrse `in|smom hoie& jses|& bom esxomd |obo oxiohcf bizi|fim obofo` bcmdom ncmddsmoeom xc|xczcmrozi esxo hcmrse ho`s-

h- O|fieozi asmdzi in|fieozi& binomo |cmddsmoom Asmdzi NIM zchodoi Ncrkbc In|fieozimyo bofon ncmcmrseom ο.|xcbieor niminsn boxi rio|.

84

rio| orsxom yomd bircro|eom& noezsbmyo boxi hchcxo|o |cxmyoroom IA rcxzchsr bionhif ο.|xcbieor oros mifoi bcxogor ecomddkroom rcxecjif-

j- Bcaswwiaieozi& |xkzcz smrse ncxsho` `ozif |cmofoxom yomd hcxs|o bcxogor ecomddkroom ecfsoxom (ο.|xcbieor) ncmgobi oxiohcf msncxie ecnhofi (jxiz| )-

:-2-

Gobtof \cmcfiriom

\cmcfiriom imi oeom bifoezomoeom bcmdom ncmdiesri czrinozi gobtof yomd rcfo` bizszsm zc|cxri |obo Rohcf :-? hcxiesr 7 Rohcf :- ?- Czrinozi Gobtof \cmcfiriom

Mk

Ecdiorom

?-

\cmdsn|sfom Boro

8:2-

Omofizo \cxnozofo`om \cmcxo|om Ofdkxirno Sgi Ofdkxirno bom In|fcncmrozi \cnhsorom Fo|kxom

3-

Ecrcxomdom 7 7 \cfoezomoom Ecdiorom

Hsfom ?

Hsfom 8

Hsfom :

Hsfom 2

? 8 : 2 ? 8 : 2 ? 8 : 2 ? 8 : 2

80

BOAROX \SZROEO

Obiyozo& Y- (8<<0)- Zizrcn \cmbsesmd Ec|srszom Czrinozi Gsnfo` \xkbsezi Dsfo Bcmdom Fkdieo Aswwy (Zrsbi Eozsz \R- Nobs Hoxs Ykdyoeoxro)- Zcekfo` Rimddi Rcemkfkdi   Obizsrgi|rk- YkdyoeoxroJ`ombxofceo& @- (8<<4)- \ombsom \xoeriz \cnxkdxonom Bcf|`i 0- Ykdyoeoxro7 \cmcxhir Ombi YkdyoeoxroEomi& Aixnomzyo`& ! Zsaombi& S- S- (8