KELOMPOK “POST POWER SYNDROME”
Ditujukan Untuk Memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Kesehatan Mental
Dosen Pengampu Sri Adi N, S.Psi, S.Pd, MM
Disusun Oleh : 1. Aenggit Aji Perdana
3C (1114500064)
2. Midha Azmilatul Ulfa
3C (1114500090)
3. Indriana Titi Nurjanah
3D (1114500085)
4. Khairuzaki
3D (1114500017)
5. Novi Damayanti
3D (1114500028)
PROGRAM STUDI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS PANCASAKTI TEGAL TAHUN 2015
1
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Atas limpahan rahmat serta hidayahnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas pembuatan makalah tepat pada waktunya. Makalah ini berisikan tentang “Post Power Syndrome”. Dalam penyusunan makalah ini penulis sudah berusaha semaksimal mungkin, namun kesempurnaan hanya milik Tuhan. Penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca yang membangun dengan kesempurnaan pembuatan makalah selanjutnya. Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis khususnya bagi semua pihak atau pembaca.
Tegal, 22 Oktober 2015
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ........................... ................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ i Kata Pengantar ........................................................... ................................................................................. ......................................... ................... ii Daftar Isi........................................... Isi.................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ...................... iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1. Latar Belakang ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ........................ .. 1 2. Rumusan Masalah .......................................... ................................................................ ........................................... ..................... 1 3. Tujuan Masalah ............................................................. ................................................................................... ............................ ...... 2 BAB II PEMBAHASAN 1. Pengertian Post Power Syndrome ............................. ................................................... ................................ .......... 3 2. Orang Yang Rentan Terkena Post Power Syndrome ................................ ................................ 9 3. Terjadinya Post Power Syndrome ............................................ ............................................................. ................. 11 4. Waktu Terjadinya Post Power Syndrome ................................ ................................................. ................. 16 5. Cara Mengatasi dan Mencegah Post Power Syndrome............................. Syndrome............................. 24 BAB III KESIMPULAN 1. Kesimpulan ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ................................ .......... 42 2. Saran ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ........................................... ..................... 42 Daftar Pustaka ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ........................ .. 43 Lampiran ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ................................... ............. 45
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang
Ada suatu penyakit kejiwaan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat yang sangat ditakuti yaitu Post Power Syndrome. Syndrome. Fenomena ini biasanya muncul atau terjadi pada orang-orang yang baru saja kehilangan kekuasaan maupun kelebihankelebihan lainnya, baik karena pensiun, PHK, mutasi, kehilangan popularitas, atau karena sebab lainnya. Pada saat tidak menjabat atau berkuasa dan tidak populer lagi, seketika itu terlihat gejala-gejala kejiwaan atau emosi yang kurang stabil yang biasanya bersifat negative. Mereka kecewa terhadap hidup, karena yang bersangkutan tidak lagi dihormati dan dipuja-puji seperti ketika masih berkuasa maupun saat memiliki kelebihan-kelebihan lainnya. Kondisi ini disebut sebagai post power syndrome. syndrome. Pada gejala post power syndrome ini, khususnya adalah adanya gejala yang terjadi dimana penderita hidup dalam bayang-bayang kebesaran masa lalu (kekuasaannya,
karirnya,
kecantikannya,
ketampanannya,
kepopulerannya,
kecerdasannya, dll), dan seakan-akan tidak bisa memandang realita yang ada saat ini. Ketika semua itu tidak dimilikinya, maka timbullah berbagai gangguan psikis dan phisik yang semestinya tidak perlu. Mereka bereaksi dan mendadak menjadi sangat sensitive dan merasa hidupnya akan segera berakhir hanya karena masa kejayaannya telah berlalu (Kartono, 1997)
B. Rumusan Masalah
1. Apa Post Power Syndrome ? 2. Siapa Yang Rentan Terkena Post Power Syndrome? 3. Mengapa Post Power Syndrome Dapat Terjadi ? 4. Kapan Post Power Syndrome Terjadi?
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C. Tujuan Masalah 1. Mengetahui pengertian Post Power Syndrome. 2. Mengetahui orang yang mengalami Post Power Syndrome. 3. Menjelaskan terjadinya Post Power Syndrome. 4. Mengetahui kapan terjadinya Post Power S yndrome. 5. Menjelaskan cara mengatasi dan mencegah Post Power Syndrome.
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BAB II PEMBAHASAN
2. 1. Pengertian Post Power Syndrome
Syndrome adalah Syndrome adalah kumpulan gejala-gejala negatif, sedangkan power sedangkan power adalah adalah kekuasaan, dan post adalah adalah pasca. Dengan demikian terjemahan dari post power syndrome syndrome adalah gejala-gejala setelah berakhirnya kekuasaan. Gejala ini umumnya terjadi pada orang-orang yang tadinya mempunyai kekuasaan, namun ketika sudah tidak berkuasa lagi, seketika itu terlihat gejala-gejala kejiwaan yang biasanya bersifat negatif atau emosi yang kurang stabil. Post power syndrome syndrome adalah gejala sindrom yang cukup populer di kalangan orang lanjut usia khususnya sering menjangkit individu yang telah usia lanjut dan telah pensiun atau tidak memiliki jabatan lagi di tempat kerjanya. Post power syndrome syndrome merupakan salah satu gangguan keseimbangan mental ringan akibat dari reaksi somatisasi dalam bentuk dan kerusakan fungsi-fungsi jasmaniah dan rohaniah yang bersifat progresif karena individu telah pensiun dan tidak memiliki jabatan ataupun kekuasaan lagi la gi (Kartono, 2000:231). Post power syndrome adalah gejala yang terjadi di mana penderita hidup dalam
bayang-bayang
kebesaran
masa
lalunya
(karirnya,
kecantikannya,
ketampanannya, kecerdasannya, atau hal yang lain), dan seakan-akan tidak bisa memandang realita yang ada saat ini. Seperti yang terjadi pada kebanyakan orang pada usia mendekati pensiun. Selalu ingin mengungkapkan betapa begitu bangga akan masa lalunya yang dilaluinya dengan jerih payah yang luar biasa. Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya post power syndrome. syndrome. Pensiun dini dan PHK adalah salah satu dari faktor tersebut. Bila orang yang mendapatkan pensiun dini tidak bisa menerima keadaan bahwa tenaganya sudah tidak dipakai lagi, walaupun menurutnya dirinya masih bisa memberi kontribusi
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dan ditolak ketika melamar di perusahaan lain, post power syndrom syndrom yang menyerangnya akan semakin parah. Kejadian traumatik juga menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya post power syndrome. syndrome. Misalnya kecelakaan yang dialami oleh seorang pelari, yang menyebabkan kakinya harus diamputasi. Bila dia tidak mampu menerima keadaan yang dialaminya, dia akan mengalami post power syndrome. syndrome. Dan jika terus berlarut-larut, tidak mustahil gangguan jiwa yang lebih berat akan dideritanya. dideritanya. Post power syndrome syndrome hampir selalu dialami terutama orang yang sudah lanjut usia dan pensiun dari pekerjaannya. Hanya saja banyak orang yang berhasil melalui fase ini dengan cepat dan dapat menerima kenyataan dengan hati yang lapang. Tetapi pada kasus-kasus tertentu, dimana seseorang tidak mampu menerima kenyataan yang ada, ditambah dengan tuntutan hidup yang terus mendesak, dan dirinya adalah satu-satunya penopang hidup keluarga, resiko terjadinya post-power syndrome yang berat semakin besar. Beberapa kasus post power syndrome syndrome yang berat diikuti oleh gangguan jiwa seperti tidak bisa berpikir rasional dalam jangka waktu tertentu, depresi yang berat, atau pada pribadi-pribadi introfert (tertutup) terjadi psikosomatik (sakit yang disebabkan beban emosi yang tidak tersalurkan) yang parah. Menurut http://www.suyotohospital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=art icle&id=99:memahami-post-power-syndrome&catid=3:artikel&Itemid=2 dipostkan oleh Unit Psikologi Rehab Medik RSDS, diunduh pukul 10:00 tanggal
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Post power syndrome memiliki syndrome memiliki beberapa fase, antara lain : Fase Penyesuaian Diri pada Saat Pensiun Penyesuaian diri pada saat pensiun merupakan saat yang sulit, dan terdapat tiga fase proses pension, yaitu : 1) Preretirement phase (fase phase (fase pra pensiun) Fase ini bisa dibagi pada 2 bagian lagi yaitu remote remote dan near . Pada remote phase, phase, masa pensiun masih dipandang sebagai suatu masa yang jauh. Biasanya fase ini dimulai pada saat orang tersebut pertama kali mendapat pekerjaan dan masa ini berakhir ketika orang terebut mulai mendekati masa pensiun. Sedangkan pada near phase, phase, biasanya orang mulai sadar bahwa mereka akan segera memasuki masa pensiun dan hal ini membutuhkan penyesuaian diri yang baik. Ada beberapa perusahaan yang mulai memberikan program persiapan masa pensiun. 2) Retirement phase (fase phase (fase pensiun) Masa pensiun ini sendiri terbagi dalam 4 fase besar, dan dimulai dengan tahapan pertama yakni honeymoon phase. phase . Periode ini biasanya terjadi tidak lama setelah orang memasuki masa pensiun. Sesuai dengan istilah honeymoon (bulan honeymoon (bulan madu), maka perasaan yang muncul ketika memasuki fase ini adalah perasaan gembira karena bebas dari pekerjaan dan rutinitas.
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yakni disenchatment phase. Pada fase ini pensiunan mulai merasa depresi, merasa kosong. Untuk beberapa orang pada fase ini, ada rasa kehilangan baik itu kehilangan kekuasaan, martabat, status, penghasilan, teman kerja, aturan tertentu. Pensiunan yang terpukul pada fase ini akan memasuki reorientation phase, phase, yaitu fase dimana seseorang mulai mengembangkan pandangan yang lebih realistik mengenai alternatif hidup, mereka mulai mencari aktivitas baru. Setelah mencapai tahapan t ahapan ini, para pensiunan akan masuk pada stability phase phase yaitu fase dimana mereka mulai mengembangkan suatu set kriteria mengenai pemilihan aktivitas, dimana mereka merasa dapat hidup tentram dengan pilihannya. 3) End of retirement (fase (fase pasca masa pensiun) Biasanya fase ini ditandai dengan penyakit yang mulai menggerogoti seseorang, ketidak-mampuan dalam mengurus diri sendiri dan keuangan yang sangat merosot. Peran saat seorang pensiun digantikan dengan peran orang sakit yang membutuhkan orang lain untuk tempat bergantung. Menurut
http://srireskipsikologi.blogspot.co.id/2013/05/makalah-
psikologi-lansia-post-power.htmll dipostkan oleh Sri reski, diunduh pukul psikologi-lansia-post-power.htm 10:00 tanggal 22 Oktober 2015. Ahli gerontologi Robert Archley (1976), dalam Santrock, John W) menggambarkan tujuh tahapan pensiun. Ketujuh tahapan pensiun ini dibagi dalam dua tahapan yaitu pra-pensiun dan masa pensiun yaitu :
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dan bagaimana mereka akan membiasakan diri dengan penghasilan dan aktivitas, hal ini juga terkait dengan hal fisik dan kesehatan mental. 3) Fase Honeymoon Fase Honeymoon Adalah fase paling awal dari masa pensiun dan pada fase ini banyak individu yang merasa eforia (bersenang-senang). Mereka dapat mengerjakan beberapa banyak hal yang dahulu tidak sempat dikerjakan karena padatnya waktu bekerja, dan mereka menikmati waktu luang dengan lebih banyak aktivitas serta bersenang – senang dengan uang yang mereka terima. 4) Fase Disenchantment Fase Disenchantment Setelah fase Honeymoon fase Honeymoon,, para pensiunan sering merasa dalam kerutinan. Jika itu memuaskan, maka keputusan untuk pensiun dianggap berhasil. Tetapi para pensiunan yang gaya hidupnya hanya berorientasi seputar pekerjaannya seperti sebelum pensiun, maka keputusan pensiun merupakan kekecewaan. 5) Fase Reorientantion Fase Reorientantion Para pensiun menerima cadangan penghasilan dan menarik seluruh miliknya serta menghasilkan alternatif hidup yang lebih realistik. Mereka menganalisa dan mengevaluasi gaya hidup yang mungkin membawa mereka pada kehidupan yang lebih memuaskan . 6) Fase Stability Para pensiunan memutuskan dan mengevaluasi terhadap suatu kriteria perkumpulan yang akan dipilih dipil ih sebagai sarana kegiatan dalam masa pensiun. Jika masa peralihan dari fase Honeymoon Honeymoon menuju fase Disenchantment dan fase Reorientantion fase Reorientantion sangat sangat lambat maka fase stability akan sukar dicapai.
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membuat mereka menjadi stres menjalani masa pensiun. Hal ini terkait dengan dengan persepsi para pensiun terhadap waktu, aktivitas dan rangkaian dari tujuh tahapan pension.
Contoh Analisa Pensiun Yang Post Power Syndrome 1) Tahap perkembangan menjadi tua a) Fase Stagnasi : tidak mau beraktvitas, marah-marah terhadap lingkungan, beraktivitas orientasi kerja dulu, mengarahkan untuk kepentingan dirinya. Tidak mendidik anak sendiri, memikirkan dirinya sendiri, tidak mengarahkan sesuatu pada anak muda, tidak sabar mengarahkan pada anak muda, acuh tak acuh. b) Fase Putus-Asa : punya keinginan cepat menghadap tuhan, merasa menjadi laskar tidak berguna, jiwanya tidak stabil, putus asa, egocentris. Bicaranya tidak konsisten, dirinya merasa masih bos, tidak menerima keadaan selama pensiun, berontak, tidak menyadari dirinya sudah tua, depresi, sering lupa, sensitif, kurang pergaulan, rendah diri. 2) Pra pensiun a) Fase Remote Fase Remote : : tidak sadar pensiun. b) Fase Near : tidak mencari informasi pensiun, tidak ikut pelatihan pra pensiun. 3) Masa pensiun a) Fase Honeymoon Fase Honeymoon : : uang untuk kesenangan, waktu untuk melamun, dan marah-marah.
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e) Fase Termination : Termination : menjadi gangguan dalam keluarga, sering bengong dan marah pada lingkungan di luar rumah, menjadi perhatian keluarga. (Andreson & Weber, dalam Santrock, John W, 2002). 2.2. Orang Yang Rentan Terkena Post Power Syndrome
Tidak semua lansia akan mengalami post mengalami post power syndrome saat syndrome saat memasuki masa pensiun. Pada umumnya ciri kepribadian yang rentan terhadap post power syndrome syndrome adalah mereka yang senang dihargai dan dihormati orang lain, gila jabatan, dan suka dila yani orang lain atau biasa disebut orang yang memiliki need of power yang tinggi. Tetapi sebaliknya, orang-orang dengan kepercayaan diri yang kurang kuat, sehingga selalu membutuhkan pengakuan dari orang lain, dan merasa aman melalui jabatannya saat memasuki masa pensiun pun rentan terkena post power syndrome. Menurut
http://www.tanyadok.com/artikel-kesehatan/waspadai-post-
power-syndrome-pada-lansia dipostkan oleh Amelia Rusli Asali, diunduh pukul power-syndrome-pada-lansia 21.00 tanggal 22 Oktober 2015.
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4. Antara pria dan wanita, pria lebih rentan terhadap post power sindrome karena pada wanita umumnya lebih menghargai relasi dari pada prestise, prestise dan kekuasaan itu lebih dihargai oleh pria.
Menurut Sawitri corak kepribadian yang rentan terhadap post power syndrome yaitu syndrome yaitu : 1. Seseorang yang pada dasarnya memiliki kepribadian yang ditandai kekurangtangguhan mental sehingga jabatan dianggapnya menjadi satusatunya pegangan, penunjang bagi kehidupan secara men yeluruh. 2. Seseorang yang pada dasarnya sangat terpaku pada orientasi kerja dan menganggapnya pekerjaan sebagai satu-satunya kegiatan yang dinikmati dan seolah-olah menjadi pegangan seluruh selu ruh hidupnya.
Menurut
http://houseofsuccess99.blogspot.co.id/2014/08/post-power-
syndrome-apakah-itu.html dipostkan oleh Head Office HOUSE OF SUCCESS, syndrome-apakah-itu.html diunduh pukul 11:00 tanggal 23 Oktober 2015.
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2.3. Terjadinya Post Power Syndrome 1. Faktor yang Menyebabkan Terjadinya Post Power Syndrome
http://peaceandfit.blogspot.co.id/2013/07/anticipating-post-powersyndrome.html Artikel Posted by Sidik Paningal menyatakan bahwa, menjadi tua dengan bahagia dan sejahtera merupakan harapan semua orang. Kondisi ini hanya dapat dicapai jika orang merasa sehat secara fisik, mental, dan sosial-untuk merasa dibutuhkan, dicintai, dan merasakan rasa harga diri yang masih dapat berpartisipasi
dalam
kehidupan
bahkan
setelah
pensiun.
Namun
pada
kenyataannya, banyak orang yang mengalami masalah psikologis ketika memasuki masa pensiun. Stres, depresi, tidak bahagia, merasa kehilangan harga diri dan kehormatan adalah hal-hal yang sering keluhan oleh orang tua di masa pensiun-dalam istilah medis ini disebut sebagai sindrom pasca-kekuasaan. Menurut Turner dan Helms (dalam Supardi, Sawitri) terdapat beberapa faktor internal penyebab berkembangnya post power syndrome syndrome pada diri seseorang yang kehilangan jabatan yaitu : 1. Menurunnya harga diri karena dengan hilangnya jabatan,
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Menurut Cox & McKay (dalam Cooper & Payne), pengertian stress dapat dilihat berdasarkan tiga pendekatan, yaitu : a. Engineering approach approach atau the stimulus-based , yaitu stress dilihat sebagai stimulus. Contoh : kehilangan pekerjaan. b. Medico-psychological atau the response-based , dimana stress dapat dilihat sebagai respon yang umum atau non-spesifik terhadap stimulus yang dianggap membahayakan. Respon ada dua komponen yaitu psikologis (kecewa, sedih, marah,dll)dan fisologis (jantung melemah, tekanan darah meningkat,dll) semuanya itu dikarenakan keputusan terhadap pension. c. Psychological approach atau interactional and appraisal theories, theories , dimana stress dilihat sebagai transaksi antara individu dengan lingkungannya. Contoh : marah terhadap lingkungan atau mendekatkan diri pada
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minggu individu memperlihatkan kesedihan yang sangat berat dan kehilangan minat atau kesenangan dalam hidupnya. Simtom tersebut meliputi perubahan berat badan, kesulitan tidur, merasa tidak berharga atau merasa tidak pantas, penurunan daya ingat, ketidakmampuan untuk berkonsentrasi, dan memiliki pemikiran untuk mati atau bunuh diri. Pernyataan AAGP (1996) sindroma depresi dari orang lanjut usia juga memberikan gambaran pada para pensiunan yang mengalami ketidaksiapan menghadapi masa pension, yang yang biasa disebut dengan istilah post power syndrome. syndrome. Kepribadian (temperamen, karakter) dan sikap mental seseorang tampaknya yang terutama menentukan apakah ia akan mengalami post power syndrome syndrome atau tidak mengalami post power syndrome syndrome setelah memasuki masa pensiun. 2. Gejala - Gejala Post-Power Syndrome
Seseorang yang masuk usia tua biasanya akan terbayang-bayang oleh kehidupan yang biasanya dijalani saat masih bekerja. Kondisi ini biasanya disebut
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1) Tanda fisik Post-power syndrome syndrome bisa menyebabkan seseorang mengalami tanda-tanda penurunan fisik seperti terlihat mudah lemah, kondisi fisik menurun sehingga mudah sakit, dan terlihat tampak lebih tua. 2) Gangguan emosi Tanda-tanda post-power syndrome syndrome juga dapat dilihat dari menurunnya cara mengendalikan emosi seperti mudah marah, mudah tersinggung dan pendapatnya tidak suka dibantah. 3) Gangguan perilaku Biasanya orang yang mengalami post-power syndrome syndrome akan mengalami perubahan perilaku, misalnya menjadi pendiam, memiliki
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besar. Beberapa kasus pasca power syndrome syndrome diikuti oleh penyakit mental yang berat seperti tidak bisa berpikir rasional dalam jangka waktu tertentu, depresi berat, atau individu introfert i ntrofert (ditutup) terjadi psikosomatik (sakit yang disebabkan oleh
beban
emosional
yang
tidak
tersalurkan)
yang
parah.
http://psycologywithus.blogspot.co.id/2013/12/understanding-post-powersyndrome.html Artikel syndrome.html Artikel F English dipostkan Lailatul Badriyah Gejala yang cenderung muncul kepada orang yang mengalami Post Power Syndrome, Syndrome, antara lain adalah: 1) Lunturnya antusias menghadapi hidup.
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Menurut
http://www.kompasiana.com/tjiptadinataeffendi21may43/langkah-
langkah-menghadapi-post-power-syndrome_5528bad1f17e6167 langkah-menghadapi-post-power-syndrome_ 5528bad1f17e61677d8b459f 7d8b459f dipostkan oleh Tjiptadinata Effendi, diunduh pukul 11:30 tanggal 23 Oktober 2015. 2.4. Waktu Terjadinya Post Power Syndrome A. Masa Lanjut Usia
Memasuki lanjut usia merupakan periode akhir dalam rentang kehidupan manusia di dunia ini. Banyak hal penting yang perlu di perhatikan guna
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menjadi senjata ampuh mereka untuk menghadapi masalah di masa usia lanjut (Yusuf, 2009:28-30). Hasil penelitian Neugarten (dalam Jalaluddin) masalah utama yang dihadapi pada usia 70-79 tahun menunjukkan 75 persen dari mereka yang dijadikan responden menyatakan puas dengan status mereka setelah menginjak masa bebas tugas. Sebagian besar dari mereka menunjukkan aktifitas yang positif dan tidak merasa dalam keterasingan dan hanya sedikit yang sudah berada dalam kondisi uzur serta mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental (Atkinson). Semakin bertambah tua usia seseorang maka status penganggurannya akan makin serius. Akibat dari itu tidak hanya menjadi sulit bagi mereka untuk mencari pekerjaan baru, tetapi tet api efek menganggur terhadap kepribadiannya jauh l ebih serius
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yang telah dilakukan sepanjang hidup yang pernah dialaminya, sering mengakibatkan perasaan yang sangat traumatik bagi orang usia lanjut. B. Masa Pensiun
Masa pensiun bisa memengaruhi konsep diri karena pensiun menyebabkan seseorang kehilangan peran, status, dan identitasnya dalam masyarakat menjadi berubah sehingga dapat menurunkan harga diri. Bila anggota keluarga memandang pensiunan sebagai orang yang sudah tidak berharga lagi dan memperlakukan mereka secara buruk, bukan tak mungkin juga akan memicu munculnya sindrom ini.
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kumpulan penyakit dan kerusakan-kerusakan fungsional. Orang tersebut akan mengalami sakit secara berkepanjangan dengan macam-macam komplikasi, yaitu menderita penyakit post-power syndrome (sindrom syndrome (sindrom purna-kuasa atau sindrom pensiun). Menurut buku Psikologi Perkembangan suatu pendekatan sepanjang
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Banyak orang yang takut menghadapi masa tua karena asumsinya jika sudah tua, maka fisik akan makin lemah, makin banyak penyakit, cepat lupa, penampilan makin tidak menarik dan makin banyak hambatan lain yang membuat hidup makin terbatas. Pensiun sering diidentikkan dengan tanda seseorang memasuki masa tua. Banyak orang mempersepsi secara negatif dengan
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Status sosial berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan seseorang menghadapi masa pensiunnya. Jika semasa kerja ia mempunyai status sosial tertentu sebagai hasil dari prestasi dan kerja keras (sehingga mendapatkan penghargaan dan pengakuan dari masyarakat atau organisasi), maka ia cenderung lebih memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang lebih baik (karena konsep diri yang positif dan social
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tinggal dalam rumah mereka sendiri, atau dirumah anak yang sudah menikah atau anggota keluarga lainnya, menyebabkan orang pensiunan memutuskan untuk melakukan kontak sosial. 7) Semakin sedikit perubahan yang harus dilakukan terhadap kehidupan semasa pensiun semakin baik penyesuian dapat dilakukan.
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9) Lakukan olah raga santai atau kegiatan kebersamaan dengan teman-teman untuk menjaga kondisi dan kesehatan tubuh. 10) Baca buku-buku yang dapat membangkitkan motivasi. 11) Jangan biarkan pesimisme menguasai pikiran dan perasaan. 12) Menyiapkan diri diri untuk menjadi bawahan jika terpaksa harus
bekerja di
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