IAI N _CLMAJS@SAL N.1.
@atar Ic`abalg Easa`aj
Baiupatcl Ikgkr ecrupabal sa`aj satu wn`ayaj yalg tcrmapat mn prkvnlsn Fawa F awa Iarat, Nlmklcsna. Icrniu bkta mn Dninlklg, Baiupatcl Ikgkr eclfc`e eclfc`eaa eclfam eclfamnn tcepat tcepat mcstnla mcstnlasn sn wnsata wnsata havkrn havkrntt iagn iagn wnsata wnsatawal wal `kba` `kba` eaupul ealdalcgara. ciagnal kralg eclgcla` Baiupatcl Ikgkr icrbat fu`ubal !Bkta crniu "lgbkt#. $amaja` mnsaepnlg ntu, Baiupatcl Ikgkr ecen`nbn pcskla wnsata, ianb a`ae, rc`ngn, eaupul bu`nlcr, yalg salgat eclarnb ultub mntc`nsnb mal mnbulfulgn. Ialyab scba`n tcepat%tcepat mn Baiu Baiupa patc tcl l Ikgk Ikgkrr yalg yalg ecen ecen`nb `nbnn pktc pktcls lsnn maya maya tarnb tarnb wnsat wnsataw awal al ultu ultub b icrbulfulg bc Baiupatcl Ikgkr. c`anl eclawarbal wnsata a`ae, rc`ngn, eaupul bu`nlcr, Baiupatcl Ikgkr fuga ecen`nbn pktclsn wnsata ekmcrl scpcrtn ea``, atau bahc. Bcjareklnsal nln`aj yalg faralg scba`n mnen`nbn k`cj bkta%b bkta%bkta kta `anl `anl mn sc`uruj sc`uruj Nlmklc Nlmklcsna sna,, scjnlg scjnlgga ga bcjare bcjarekln klnsal sal nln`aj nln`aj yalg yalg eclfam eclfamnbal nbal ln`an ln`an taeiaj taeiaj tcrsclm tcrsclmnrn nrn iagn iagn scbtkr scbtkr parnwn parnwnsata sata mn Baiupa Baiupatcl tcl Ikgkr.
N.9.
]ufual ]u fual mal Yualg @nlgbu &. 'ceprkeksnbal pktclsn parnwnsata yalg tcrmapat mn Baiupatcl Ikgkr. (.
IAI NN !A"NAL ]C#YN Dnty Iralmnlg ama`aj prkscs atau usaja eceicltub ecrcb marn suatu bkta ultub ecep cepcreumaj pcen` cen`nnb bkta tcrsci sciut ultub ecepcrb ecepcrbcla` cla`bal bal bktaly bktalyaa bcpama bcpama targct targct pasar pasar )nlvcstkr , tkurnst , ta`clt , cvclt * bkta tcrsciut mclgal mclgal eclggulab eclggulabal al ba`neat ba`neat pksnsntnklnl pksnsntnklnlg, g, s`kgal, s`kgal, ndkl ndkl,, cbsni cbsninsn nsn,, mal mal icri icriag agan an ecmn ecmnaa `anl `anlly lya. a. Dnty Dnty iralmn iralmnlg lg ecrupabal stratcgn marn suatu lcgara atau macraj ultub eceiuat pksntnklnlg yalg buat mnma`ae iclab targct pasar ecrcba, scpcrtn `ayablya pksntnklnlg sciuaj prkmub atau fasa, scjnlgga lcgara mal macraj tcrsciut mapat mnbcla` scdara `uas mn sc`uruj mulna. Dnty Iralmnlg Iralmnlg mnpcr` mnpcr`uba ubal l ultub ultub mapat mapat icrsanl icrsanlg g mclgal mclgal lcgara% lcgara% lcgara `anl, eclgnlgat arus g`kia`nsasn scbaralg yalg sceabnl eclnlgbat ma`ae `ae ja` attcltnkl, attcltnkl, nlh`ucldc, nlh`ucldc, earbcts, earbcts, nlvcsteclts, nlvcsteclts, iusnlcss, iusnlcss, vnsntkrs, vnsntkrs, rcsnmclts, ta`clt, ta`clt, mal cvclts. +ltub +ltub mapat icrsanlg, icrsanlg, sciuaj macraj ataupul macraj jarus ecruiaj krncltasn ecrcba ma`ae pclgc`k`aal bawasal marn `kda` krncltatnkl bc g`kia`-dksekpk`nt krncltatnkl, krncltatnkl, barcla tnmab jalya mn ic`ajal mulna tcrtcltu yalg icrbkepctnsn, laeul falgbauallya mn sc`uruj mulna. ciu ciuaj aj dnty iralmnlg iubal jalya sciuaj s`kgal atau baepalyc prkeksn, abal tctapn suatu gaeiaral marn pnbnral, pcrasaal, asksnasn mal cbspct cbspctasn asn yalg yalg matalg matalg marn marn iclab iclab scsckra scsckralg lg bctnba bctnba scsckra scsckralg lg tcrsciu tcrsciutt )dustkecr * ec`njat atau eclmclgar sciuaj laea, `kgk, prkmub, `ayalal, cvclt , ataupul icriagan sneik` mal raldalgal yalg eclggaeiarballya. Dnty iralmnlg sceata%eata iubal`aj iubal`aj pcbcrfaal pcbcrfaal marn pui`nd scdtkr , abal tctapn tugas mal bk`aiktasn marn stabcjk`mcrs marn stabcjk`mcrs yalg yalg tcrbant mclgal bkta atau macraj tcrsciut, ianb ntu pcecrnltaj bkta, pnjab swasta, pclgusaja nltcrcst grkup mal grkup mal easyarabat. ciuaj bkta `ayablya sciuaj iralm , jarus icrsnhat hulgsnkla`. ulgsnkla`ntas icrartn mapat mn`njat sciagan sciuaj iclchnt atau bcultulgal. ciuaj bkta jarus icrhulgsn sciagan `ajal ultub para pcldarn bcrfa, nlmustrn, pceubneal, tralspkrtasn ueue, jniural, scrta rcbrcasn. -a`ae -a`ae eceiuat eceiuat sciuaj sciuaj dnty iralmnlg iralmnlg , tcrmapat icicrapa brntcrna yalg jarus mnpclujn, mnaltaralya
&. Attrn$utcs% Mk tjcy cxprcss a dnty iralm djaradtcr, ahhnlnty, sty`c, alm pcrskla pcrskla`nty `nty; ; )apabaj ecrcba eclggaeiarbal barabtcr iralm bkta, maya tarnb, dnrn bjas, mal pcrskla`ntas bkta/*. (. Ecssagc% Mk tjcy tc`` a stkry nl a d`cvcr, hul, alm ecekrai`c way; )apa )apaba baj j ecrcb crcbaa ecl ecldcrn dcrnta tab bal dcrn dcrnta ta bkta bkta mcl mclgal gal dcrm dcrmas as,, eclyclalgbal, mal icrbcsal/*. ?. Mn&&crcltnatn'l% rc tjcy uln!uc alm krngnla`; )apabaj krngnla`; )apabaj bkta ecrcba ulnb mal as`n/*. 1. A($assam'rsjn% Mk tjcy nlspnrc yku tk vnsnt tjcrc, `nvc tjcrc kr )apabaj j ecrcba ecrcba eclgnl eclgnlspn spnrasn rasn alma alma ultub ultub matalg matalg,, `carl ekrc; ekrc; )apaba tnlgga`, mal ic`afar ialyab mn bkta tcrsciut/*.
ciuaj bkta yalg ecen`nbn brntcrna aeiassamkrsjnp eclggaeiarbal bkta yalg ianb scjnlgga salgat eclarnb iagn sceua kralg ultub matalg, icrbulfulg, ecepc`afarn bculnballya, atau iajbal tnlgga` mal mal eclc eclcta tap p mn bkta bkta tcrsc tcrsciu iut. t. Bkta Bkta yalg yalg ianb ianb jaru jaruss ecen ecen`n `nbn bn ja`%j ja`%ja` a` icrnbut &. "hhcr attradtnvc cep`kyeclt. Bkta cep`kyeclt. Bkta jarus ecen`nbn bcscepatal bcrfa yalg eclarnb iagn para prkhcssnkla` mal pcldarn bcrfa. (. #kt ic ulmu`y cxpclsnvc nl rc`atnkl tk wagcs. Bkta wagcs. Bkta jarus ecen`nbn inaya jnmup yalg scsuan mclgal stalmar stalmar upaj mal gafn. ?. $rkvnmc gkkm alm ahhkrmai`c ahhkrmai`c jkusnlg. Bkta Bkta jarus jarus eclycmn eclycmnaba abal l pcrueajal yalg ianb mal tcrfalgbau. tcrfalgbau. 1. %avc rcasklai`c pui`nd tralspkrtatnkl. Bkta Bkta jarus jarus ecepul ecepulya yann sarala tralspkrtasn ueue yalg lyaeal mal eceaman. 9. %avc gkkm sdjkk`s alm rcdrcatnkla`&du`tura` rcdrcatnkla`&du`tura` attradtnkls. Bkta attradtnkls. Bkta jarus ecen`n ecen`nbn bn sarala sarala pclmnm pclmnmnba nbal l yal ianb ianb scrta scrta tcepat tcepat%tce %tcepat pat tufual tufual rcbrcasn mal atrabsn iumaya yalg eclarnb. 4. %avc a rcasklai`c rcasklai`c d`neatc. 'cepulyan d`neatc. 'cepulyan nb`ne yalg lyaeal.
-a`ae eceasarbal suatu macraj mclgal eceialgul dnty iralmnlg =ayablya eceiuat earbctnlg p`al suatu p`al suatu prkmub. -acraj jarus ecectabal pcruiajal yalg tcrfamn pama `nlgbulgal, targct pasar, pcsanlg macraj, mal pcruiajal yalg tcrfamn mn ma`ae macraj ntu sclmnrn. 3asn` marn ala`nsa pcruiajal scdara bkeprcjclsnh abal eclgjasn`bal ala`nsa pc`ualg 8 aldaeal 8 bcbuatal 8 bc`ceajal )7:>* macraj. Icrm Icrmasa asarb rbal al jasn jasn`` ala` ala`nsa nsa eabr eabrk k mal mal nltc nltcrl rla` a` macra macraj, j, iaru iaru`aj `aj bceumnal bceumnal macraj mapat eceiuat earbctnlg p`al. -neu`an p`al. -neu`an mclgal stratcgn macraj yalg eclgjasn`bal eclgjasn`bal scgecltasn, targctnlg, mal pksntnklnlg macraj. -arn stratcgn mn`alfutbal mclgal eclctapbal tabtnb pc easaral ma`ae icltub mn&crclsnasn) $aural c(asaral , mal mal r'scs clfua`al macraj . tratcgn mal tabtnb yalg sumaj mniuat jarus mnmubulg mnmubulg mclgal raldalgal r'('sn yalg tcpat. $ama masarlya, eceasarbal eceasarbal macraj icrartn ecraldalg suatu macraj scjnlg scjnlgga ga ecen`n ecen`nbn bn ln`an ln`an fua` fua` yalg yalg tnlggn tnlggn,, yalg yalg eaepu eaepu ececlu ececlujn jn mal eceu eceuasb asbal al pcrsc pcrscps psnn mal mal cbsp cbspcta ctasn sn targ targct ct pasar pasar.. 'clu 'cluru rutt Jcr(a*al !crtafa+a )(669*, yalg eclfamn targct pasar suatu macraj tcrmnrn marn ? bc`kepkb. &. $clmum $clmumub ub mal mal easyarab easyarabat at macraj macraj tcrsci tcrsciut. ut. (. ]ramcr, ]kurnst, alm Nlvcstkr ,]]N- ianb ma`ae lcgcrn eaupul `uar lcgcrn. `clt )-' ?. ]a`cl )-' yalg yalg icrb icrbua ua`n `nta tas, s, Mcvc`kpcr )pclgceial )pclgceialg*, g*, mal cvclt krgaln krgaln'cr 'cr *. *. ]M# mal mal sc`u sc`uru ruj j pnja pnjab b yalg yalg Krgalnzcr )cvclt icrbkltrniusn ma`ae eceialgul bculggu`al bculggu`al icrsanlg macraj.
'ceialgul 'ceialgul bculggu`al bculggu`al icrsanlg icrsanlg macraj eclurut Enjac` _'rtcr, scdara garns icsar jarus ecen`nbn ? `algbaj stratcgns. &. 'clf 'clfam amnn tual tual rue rueaj aj yalg yalg ianb ianb )ic )ic a gkkm jkst( iagn jkst( iagn pc`alggal macraj. 'cepcr`abubal ecrcba )pc`alggal* scdara ianb )trcat ) trcat ykur gucst prkpcr`y( (. 'ceial 'ceialgul gul sciua sciuaj j rueaj rueaj yalg yalg lyaeal lyaeal iagn iagn ecrcba ecrcba )iun`mnlg ) iun`mnlg a jkec swcct jkec(.
>nga `algbaj stratcgns nln yalg eceialtu macraj ultub eceiuat pksntnklnlg yalg tcpat mclgal bculggu`al bculggu`al yalg mnen`nbn tnap macraj.
IAI NNN /AEIAYAL SESE !AIS_A !AIS _A]CL ]CL I#/#Y Baiupa Baiupatcl tcl Ikgkr Ikgkr ama`aj ama`aj sa`aj sa`aj satu baiupatcl baiupatcl yalg yalg tcrmapa tcrmapatt mn prkvnlsn Fawa Iarat. Icrniubkta mn Dninlklg, Baiupatcl Ikgkr icriatasal mclgal mclgal Baiupatcl Baiupatcl >alggcralg alggcralg,, mal Bkta >alggc >alggcralg ralg c`atal c`atal )Ialtcl*, )Ialtcl*, Bkta Bkta -cpkb, -cpkb, Bkta Bkta Icbasn, Icbasn, mal Baiupa Baiupatcl tcl Icbasn Icbasn mn utara2 utara2 Baiupa Baiupatcl tcl Barawalg Barawalg mn tneur, tneur, Baiupatcl Dnalfur mn tclggara2 Bkta Ikgkr Ikgkr mn tclgaj2 Baiupatcl ubaiuen mn sc`atal2 mal Baiupatcl =ciab )Ialtcl* mn Iarat. Baiupatcl Ikgkr tcriagn atas 16 bcdaeatal, yalg tcrmnrn marn &4 bc`urajal mal 1&6 mcsa. -clgal `uas (05.0?0.?61 3a mal fue`aj pclmumub ecldapan 1.<<&.5?( fnwa mn tajul (6&6, eclfamnbal Baiupatcl Ikgkr sciagan sa`aj satu baiupatcl tcrpamat mn Fawa Iarat. Bkkrmnlat Baiupatcl Ikgkr tcr`ctab pama 4;&0O 4;1
IAI N? ]NL"ASAL _#]CLN
IAI ? @#/#
'abla `kgk
-nartnbal sciagan afabal ultub icrbulfulg. -a`ae iajasa ulma, artn marn bata !3ayu "tuj +ralg Ba# ama`aj !"y ! "yk`aj k`aj Bnta Bc#. Bksabata nln mnpn`nj barcla scrnlg mngulabal ma`ae mna`kg iajasa ulma scjarn%jarn, fuga barcla pc`aha`allya yalg eumaj mal insa mnudapbal k`cj snapapul.
"ma ic icicrapa hn hn`kskhn mn mnia`nb tu tu`nsal nln. n n`kskhn ya y alg pcrtaea ama`aj eclgclan warla yalg mngulabal ma`ae tu`nsal nln. $crpam $crpamual ual altara altara warla warla scfub scfub )inru, )inru, jnfau* jnfau* scrta scrta warla warla jalgat jalgat )bulnl )bulnlg, g, ecraj* ecldnptabal bcsal jareklns wa`aupul icricma barabtcrnstnblya.
n`kskhn yalg bcmua ama`aj pama juruh !:# icltub tu`nsallya `cinj icsar marn juruh !I#, !A#, mal !#. Icltub tu`nsal salgat enrnp mclgal badaeata, yalg mnartnbal sciagan badaeata surga wnsata, barcla mn Baiupatcl Ikgkr ialyab scba`n tcepat%tcepat yalg ecen`nbn palkraea yalg cbsktns mal eclarnb ultub mnbulfulgn. n`kskhn bctnga yabln pama tu`nsal tcrmapat ga gaeiar sckralg `abn%`abn mal ta`as. =abn%`abn yalg icrama mn ma`ae gaeiar tcrsciut icrasa` marn `cgclma >algbuial >algbuial $craju, yabln algburnalg, yalg scbaralg ialyab mnbcla` easyarabat sciagan nbkl bjas iumaya ulma. cmalgbal ta`a ta`ass yalg yalg icra icrama ma mn juru juruhh : bcmu bcmuaa ecru ecrupa paba bal l tala talaea eal l bjas bjas marn marn Baiupatcl Ikgkr yalg bnln sumaj ialyab scba`n mnk`aj eclfamn eabalal ataupul prkmub k`ajal `anl, mneala ta`as Ikgkr mclgal ta`as mn bkta%bkta `anl ecen`nbn dnta rasa mal tcbstur yalg icricma.
'ablalya ama`aj sciuaj bkta yalg jareklns. 'absum marn eabla tcrsciut ama`aj wnsatawal insa eclmapatbal bcjareklnsal eu`an marn aspcb bcarnhal `kba` iumaya easyarabatlya, bcasrnal a`aelya, bctcrpamual altara iumaya `kba` mclgal ekmcrl yalg mnbkeinlasnbal eclfamn & padbagnlg parnwnsata mn Baiupatcl Ikgkr. Bklscp !Dnty kh 3arekly# eclg eclgga gaei eiar arba bal l bcja bcjare rekl klns nsal al alta altara ra a`ae a`ae mal mal iuma iumay ya, scjn scjnlg lgga ga wnsataw wnsatawal al abal abal eclceu eclceubal bal sclsasn sclsasn tcrsclm tcrsclmnrn nrn apain` apain`aa icrbul icrbulful fulg g bc Baiupatcl Ikgkr.
IAI ?N !CNE_S@AL
