LMQM _@IBMIQM[
_uen syulur l`cmanrmt Qucmi ^mib Hmcm @sm (^H@) mtms rmchmt ami s`rtm cnamymc Iym, Vmym k`s`rtm l`jghpgl ampmt h`iy`j`smnlmi Qubms [`suh` Hmime`h`i _`hmsmrmi, ymib k`reuauj ‐H`ifnptmlmi ‐H`ifnptmlmi L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd — _`iyusuimi Qubms [`suh` Hmime`h`i _`hmsmrmi, ymib k`reuauj ‐H`ifnptmlmi ‐ H`ifnptmlmi L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd — k`rtueumi uitul h`hmcmhn kmbmnhmim fmrm h`hmcmhn lgisuh`i amjmh p`ifnptmmi prgaul kmru Jmpgrmi nin ansusui s`sumn a`ibmi prgs`s mimjnsns h`ib`imn s`bmjm ymib t`jmc lmhn jmlulmi t`itmib h`rmibluh k`rkmbmn hmfmh suhk`r amrn kulu, eurimj, hmlmjmc ami sntus ymib t`rlmnt Vmym h`iymamrn kmcwm hmsnc kmiyml l`lurmibmi ami l`smjmcmi amjmh prgs`s p`iyusuimi. Gj`c lmr`im ntu smym h`i`rnhm s`bmjm lrntnl ami smrmi, mbmr lmhn ampmt h`hp`rkmnln jmpgrmi p`iyusuimi Qubms [`suh` Hmime`h`i _`hmsmrmi, ymib k`reuauj ‐H`ifnptmlmi L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd — Mlcnr lmtm Lmhn k`rcmrmp s`hgbm hmlmjmc nin ampmt h`hk`rnlmi hmidmmt ami eubm nispnrmsn t`rcmamp p`hkmfm.
Vnagmreg, =; A`s`hk`r ;?=2
_`iyusui
N
AMDQM[ NVN
LMQM _@IBMIQM[.................................................... .......................................................................... ............................................. .................................. ...........N AMDQM[ NVN ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ .................................... .............. = KMK N _@IAMCPJPMI ........................................... ................................................................. ........................................... .................................... ............... ; =.= Jmtmr K`jmlmib ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................ ........................................... ...................... ; =.; [uhusmi Hmsmjmc ...................................... ............................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...................... ; =.6 Queumi .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .................................... .............. ; KMK NN _@HKMCMVMI......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ........................................ .................. 6 ;.= _`ib`rtnmi L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ............................................. .................................................................... ................................. .......... 6 ;.; _`ib`rtnmi L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd H`iurut _mrm Mcjn .............................................. .............................................. 6 ;.6 Fmrm H`h`ifmpmn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd .......................................................... ................................................................. ....... 1 ;.1 Vtrmt`bn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd ............................... ..................................................... ............................................. ............................. ...... 4 ;.0 Anh`isn-Anh`isn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd Lghp`tntn d .......................... ................................................ ...................................... ................ =1 ;.4 Cmj ^mib _`rju Anp`rcmtnlmi Amjmh H`ifmpmn H `ifmpmn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd ................. ................. =0 KMK NNN _@IPQP_ ...................................... ............................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ........................... .... ;1 6.= L`snhpujmi ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................. ........................... .... ;1 6.; Vmrmi ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .................................. ............ ;1 KMK NT AMDQM[ _PVQMLM .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. .......................... .... ;0
=
KMK N _@IAMCPJPMI
=.= Jmtmr K`jmlmib
_`rusmcmmi tnaml mlmi p`rimc k`rc`itn h`ibcmampn p`rhmsmjmcmi an amjmh ami an jumr p`rusmcmmi. _`rhmsmjmcmi an amjmh h`iymiblut msp`l r`trulturnsmsn grbminsmsn p`rusmcmmi, mlunsnsn, ami h`rb`r s`rtm mjnmisn strmt`bnl. Amjmh msp`l ymib j`knc gp`rmsngimj h`iymiblut hmime`h`i dnimisnmj, prgaulsn, p`hmsmrmi, hmime`h`i mahninstrmsn ami hmime`h`i suhk`ramym hmiusnm. V`h`itmrm ntu hmsmjmc `lst`rimj antmiamn gj`c mltndntms `lgighn pmsmr s`a`hnlnmi animhnsiym s`p`rtn tuitutmi p`jmibbmi t`rcmamp hutu ami l`mhmimi prgaul, djultumsn cmrbm niput ami gutput, `lspmisn pmsmr p`rusmcmmi p`rusmcmmi jmni, t`ligjgbn ami p`smnib. Amjmh upmym h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd, p`rusmcmmi cmrus h`ibcmampn tmitmibmi kmclmi kmclmi t`lmimi-t`lmimi nit`rimj ami `lst`rimj ntu. Vmjmc smtu p`ia`lmtmiiym p`ia`lmtmiiym mamjmc kmbmnhmim h`ib`d`ltndlmi pgt`isn suhk`r amym ymib mam.
=.; [uhusmi Hmsmjmc
Mampui ruhusmi hmsmjmc amrn p`hkumtmi hmlmjmc nin mamjmc 5 =. ;. 6. 1. 4.
Mpm a`dninsn amrn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ami h`iurut pmrm mcjn 7 Kmbmnhmim fmrm h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd 7 Mpm smem strmt`bn h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd 7 Anh`isn mpm smem ymib t`rampmt l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd 7 Cmj mpm smem ymib p`rju anp`rcmtnlmi amjmh h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd 7
=.6 Queumi
Mampui tueumi amrn p`hkumtmi hmlmjmc nin mamjmc 5 =. ;. 6. 1. 1. .
Pitul h`hmcmhn a`dninsn amrn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ami h`iurut pmrm mcjn Pitul h`ib`tmcun kmbmnhmim fmrm h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd Pitul h`ib`tmcun mpm smem strmt`bn h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd Pitul h`ib`tmcun anh`isn mpm smem ymib t`rampmt l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd Pitul h`ib`tmcun ymib p`rju anp`rcmtnlmi amjmh h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd
;
KMK NN _@HKMCMVMI
;.= _`ib`rtnmi L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd
L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd mamjmc l`hmhpumi p`rusmcmmi uitul h`hdgrhujmsn strmt`bn p`ifmpmnmi p`jumib prgdnt h`jmjun hmlsnhnsmsn p`i`rnhmmi amrn niv`stmsn ymib anjmlulmi. V`lurmib-lurmibiym mam aum prnisnp pglgl ymib p`rju anhnjnln p`rusmcmmi uitul h`rmnc l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd lghp`tntnd ymntu mamiym injmn pmiamib p`jmibbmi p`jmibbmi ami l`uinlmi prgaul. prgaul. L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd mtmu l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd (fghp`tntnv` mavmitmb`) mamjmc l`hmhpumi ymib anp`rgj`c h`jmjun lmrmlt`rnstnl ami suhk`r amym sumtu p`rusmcmmi uitul h`hnjnln lni`rem ymib j`knc tnibbn ankmianiblmi p`rusmcmmi jmni pmam niaustrn mtmu pmsmr ymib smhm. ;.; _`ib`rtnmi L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd Lghp`tntnd H`iurut H`iurut _mrm Mcjn Mcjn
H`iurut _cnjnp Lgtj`r ami Bmry Mrhstrgib (;??656==) ‐H`ia`dninsnlmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd mamjmc l`uibbujmi t`rcmamp p`smnib ymib anp`rgj`c a`ibmi h`imwmrlmi injmn j`knc r`iamc hmupui a`ibmi h`hk`rnlmi hmidmmt j`knc k`smr lmr`im cmrbmiym j`knc tnibbn—. H`iurut Hnfcm`j @. _grt`r (;??1 5 =) ‐l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd k`rsmnib mamjmc emituib lni`rem p`rusmcmmi anamjmh pmsmr ymib k`rsmnib, imhui s`t`jmc k`k`rmpm amsmwmrsm mamiym p`rjumsmi ami l`hmlhurmi ymib c`kmt h`ibmlnkmtlmi kmiyml p`rusmcmmi l`cnjmibmi pmiamibmi h`ib`imn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd amjmh upmym p`reumibmi uitul j`knc k`rl`hkmib k`rl`hkmib amjmh h`ib`emr anv`rsndnlmsn—. L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd mamjmc h`rupmlmi sumtu p`rsmtumi ymib lumt mitmrm l`uibbujmi p`rusmcmmi ami `d`ltndntms grbminsmsn amjmh h`ibmamptmsn p`rukmcmi jnibluibmi jnibluibmi (Vgutc,=>3=). L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd h`rupmlmi p`iemkmrmi l`iymtmmi amrn hmime`h`i ymib h`rupmlmi prgs`s uitul h`ibna`itndnlmsn, h`ib`hkmiblmi s`rtm h`j`tmllmi l`uibbujmi ymib iymtm. V`bmjm suhk`r s uhk`r amym p`rusmcmmi ymib h`iauluib l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd s`rnib anemanlmi rns`t uitul anemanlmi amsmrstrmt`bn ymib mlmi ant`rmplmi amjmh hmime`h`i p`rusmcmmi ([uh`jt,=>31 ami _grt`r,=>30). _grt`r,=>30). Amy ami R`isj`y (=>>3) h`iymtmlmi kmcwm p`iymtumi amsmr l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd amrn l`hmhpumi-l`hmhpumi s`rtm suhk`r-suhk`r grbminsmsn h`rupmlmi dmltgr p`i`itu amrn pgsnsn ami p`rdgrhmiym r`jmtnv` j`knc kmnl ankmianiblmi a`ibmi p`smnib. Mltnvntms amrn p`rdgrhm p`rusmcmmi s`fmrm lcusus mlmi h`ieman amsmr uitul h`hkmibui suhk`r-suhk`r ymib h`hnjnln l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd.
6
L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd mlmi h`hkmibui l`fmlmpmi uitul p`rdgrhm mltnvntms ymib `knc amrn jmwmi usmcm mtmu j`knc j` knc `d`ltnd amrn am rn p`smnib, a`ibmi lmtm lmt m jmni p`rusmcmmi h`hkmibui l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd l`tnlm h`hmidmmtlmi l`lumtmi uitul k`k`rmpm mltnvntms j`knc amrn p`rdgrhmiym (M _nt,=>>4) ;.6 Fmrm H`h`ifmpmn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd
Mam ; (aum) fmrm amsmr uitul h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd, =. Vtrmt`bn knmym r`iamc ymib h`hmhpulmi p`rusmcmmi uitul h`imwmrlmi prgaul a`ibmi cmrbm ymib j`knc hurmc amrn p`smnibiym. p`s mnibiym. ;. Vtrmt`bn andd`r`isnmsn prgaul, s`cnibbm p`jmibbmi h`ibmibbmp h`hp`rgj`c hmidmmt uinl ymib s`sumn a`ibmi cmrbm ymib fulup. Mlmi t`tmpn l`aum strmt`bn t`rs`kut h`hpuiymn p`ibmruc ymib smhm ymlin h`iniblmtlmi mibbmpmi hmidmmt ymib aninlhmtn gj`c p`jmibbmi. _`rusmcmmi hmhpu k`rsmnib kulmijmc smtu-smtuiym luifn l`k`rcmsnjmi, l`k`rcmsnjmi,
Mam tnbm dmltgr ymib ankutuclmi uitul h`ifnptmlmi sumtu l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ymib ampmt anp`rtmcmilmi, ymntu 5 =. Amsmr _`rsmnibmi (kmsnf gd fghp`tntngi) Vtrmt`bn cmrus anamsmrlmi pmam s`p`rmiblmt mss`t, slnjj ami l`hmhpumi. L`tnbm cmj t`rs`kut mlmi h`iauluib strmt`bn ymib anemjmilmi s`cnibbm l`uibbujmi ampmt k`rtmcmi. ;. An pmsmr hmim p`rusmcmmi k`rsmnib (wc`r` ygu fghp`t`) Amjmh cmj nin, p`itnib kmbn p`rusmcmmi h`hnjnc pmsmr smsmrmi smsm rmi ymib s`sumn a`ibmi strmt`bn ymib anemjmilmi mtmu a`ibmi lmtm jmni mss`t, mss`t , slnjj ami l`hmhpumi cmrus hmhpu h`iauluib strmt`bn amjmh h`hk`rnlmi s`sumtu ymib k`rinjmn kmbn pmsmr. 6. A`ibmi snmpm p`rusmcmmi k`rsmnib (wcg ygu fghp`t` mbmnist) V`jmieutiym p`rusmcmmi cmrus hmhpu h`ibna`itndnlmsn p`smnibiym, mpmlmc p`smnib t`rs`kut j`hmc, s`amib, mtmu lumt.
1
L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd k`rl`hkmib amrn injmn ymib hmhpu anfnptmlmi uitul p`hk`jniym ymib h`j`kncn knmym p`rusmcmmi amjmh h`ifnptmlmiiym. L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd k`rmsmj amrn kmiyml mltndntms k`rjmnimi ymib anjmlulmi p`rusmcmmi amjmh h`ia`smni, h`hprgaulsn, h`hmsmrlmi, h`iy`rmclmi ami h`iauluib prgauliym. Hmsnib-hmsnib mltndntms ampmt h`iauluib pgsnsn knmym r`jmtnd p`rusmcmmi ami h`ifnptmlmi and`r`isnmsn. Mam aum e`ins l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ymntu 5 =. L`uibbujmi Knmym H`rupmlmi Nitn Amrn V`tnmp Vtrmt`bn K`rsmnib.
Pitul h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi knmym, s`kumc p`rusmcmmi kcmrus k`rsnmp h`ieman prgaus`i k`rknmym r`iamc amjmh niaustrniym. _`rusmcmmi cmrus h`hnjnln kmiyml s`b`h`i, kmclmi k`rgp`rmsn amjh niaustrn t`rlmnt. Vuhk`r l`uibbumjmi knmym k`rvmrnmsn ami t`rbmituib l`pmam strultur niaustrn. Vuhk`r t`rs`kut h`ifmlup5 p`ib`remmi slmjm `lgighn, t`ligjgbn hnjnl s`ianrn, mls`s l` kmcmi h`itmc, ami jmni-jmni. Knjm p`rusmcmmi ampmt h`ifmpmn ami h`hp`rtmcmilmi l`uibbujmi knmym, hmlm mlmi h`ieman p`rusmcmmi a`ibmilni`rem rmtm-rmtm amjmh niaustrn msmj ampmt h`ibumsmn cmrbm pmam, mtmu a`lmt, rmtm-rmtm niaustrn. ;. And`r`isnmsn.
Fmrm h`jmlulmi and`r`isnmsn k`rk`am uitul tnmp niaustrn ami pmam uhuhiym ampmt an amsmrlmi l`pmam prgaul, snst`h p`iy`rmcmi, p`ia`lmtmi p`hmsmrmi ami jmni-jmni. Qnbm lgiansn ymib h`huiblnilmi p`rusmcmmi s`fmrm s`r`itml h`ifpmn h`ifp mn l`uibbujmi knmym ami and`r`isnmsn mamjmc5 =. _mrm p`smnib t`rp`rmiblmp an t`ibmc, s`cnibbm tnaml h`hnjnln pgsnsn ymib fulup kmnluitul h`ifmpmn l`uibbujmi (tnaml lgisnst`i). ;. _`rusmcmmi h`rnitns nigvmsn k`smr ymib h`huiblnilmi p`iuruimi knmym ami h`iniblmtlmi and`r`isnmsn
h`huiblnilmi knmym tmhkmcmi an t`hpmt jmni 6. _`rusmcmmi ami h`hp`rtmcmilmi l`uibbujmi knmym l`s`jurucmi mtmu h`iburmibn knmym and`r`isnmsn ankmianib p`smnib.
0
;.1 Vtrmt`bn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd
_`rusmcmmi ymib h`hnjnln l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd s`imitnmsm h`hnjnln l`hmhpumi amjmh h`hmcmhn p`rukmcmi strultur pmsmr ami hmhpu h`hnjnc strmt`bn p`hmsmrmi ymib ymib `d`ltnd. Vtuan ymib anjmlulmi Hnfcm`j _. _grt`r s`jmieutiym h`i`tmplmi strmt`bn strmt `bn b`i`rnl ymib anljmsndnlmsnlmi amjmh tnbm lmt`bgrn, ymntu 5 =. Fgst J`ma`rscnp, ;. And`r`isnmsn, 6. Dglus ( Q`ranrn Amrn Fgst Dgfus Ami And`r`isnmsn Dgfus )
Bmhkmr ;.= (b`i`rnf Vtrmt`bnf pgrt`r ) =. Vtrmt`bn Vtrmt`bn Knmym [`iamc (Fgst J`ma`rscnp)
Vtrmt`bn Knmym [`iamc h`i`lmilmi pmam upmym h`hprgaulsn prgaul stmiamr a`ibmi knmym p`r uint ymib smibmt r`iamc. _rgaul nin knmsmiym antueulmi l`pmam lgisuh`i ymib r`jmtnd huamc t`rp`ibmruc gj`c p`rb`s`rmi cmrbm mtmu h`ibbuimlmi cmrbm s`kmbmn dmltgr p`i`itu l`putusmi. Amrn snsn p`rnjmlu p`jmibbmi, strmt`bn e`ins nin mhmt s`sumn a`ibmi l`kutucmi p`jmibbmi ymib t`rhmsul amjmh lmt`bgrn p`rnjmlu, l`tnlm lgisuh`i lgisuh`i tnaml t`rjmju p`aujn t`rcmamp p`rk`ammi h`rl, r`jmtnd tnaml h`hkutuclmi p`rk`ammi prgaul, mtmu enlm t`rampmt s`euhjmc k`smr lgisuh`i h`hnjnln l`lumtmi tmwmr ‖ tmwmr ‖ h`imwmr ymib snbindnlmi. Pitul ampmt h`iemjmilmi strmt`bn knmym r`iamc, s`kumc p`rusmcmmi cmrus hmhpu h`h`iucn symrmt an aum knamib, ymntu 5 Vuhk`r amym (r`sgurf`s) ami Grbminsmsn. Vtrmt`bn nin cmiym huiblni anemjmilmi enlm anhnjnln k`k`rmpm l`uibbujmi an knamib suhk`r amym p`rusmcmmi, s`p`rtn lumt mlmi hgamj, t`rmhpnj pmam r`lmymsm prgs`s 4
(prgf`ss `ibni``rnib), p`ibmwmsmi ymib l`tmt, huamc anprgaulsn, s`rtm knmym anstrnkusn ami prghgsn r`iamc. V`amiblmi amrn knamib Grbminsmsn, p`rusmcmmi cmrus h`hnjnln l`hmhpumi h`ib`iamjnlmi knmym a`ibmi l`tmt, nidgrhmsn p`ib`iamjnmi ymib kmnl ami nis`itnd k`ramsmrlmi tmrb`t. tmrb`t. K`rusmcm uitul h`ieman prgaus`i k`rknmym r`iamc amjmh niaustrn knsm smibmt `d`ltnd l`tnlm pmsmr ankmibui amrn kmiyml p`hk`jn ymib p`lm t`rcmamp cmrbm, l`tnlm mam s`euhjmc fmrm uitul h`ifmpmn and`r`isnmsn prgaul, l`tnlm pmrm p`hk`jn tnaml t`rjmju h`husniblmi p`rk`ammi amrn h`r`l ymib smtu l` h`r`l ymib jmni, mtmu l`tnlm t`rampmt s`euhjmc k`smr p`hk`jn a`ibmi amym tmwmr ymib snbindnlmi. Pitul h`iemjmilmi strmt`bn l`p`hnhpnimi knmym s`fmrm k`rcmsnj, s`kumc p`rusmcmmi cmrus h`hmstnlmi kmcwm tgtmj knmym ans`juruc rmitmn r mitmn injmniym j`knc j` knc r`iamc amrn tgtmj knmym p`smnib. Q`rampmt aum fmrm uitul h`ifmpmn cmj t`rs`kut, mitmrm jmni5 =. H`iemjmilmi mltnvntms-mltnvntms rmitmn injmn s`fmrm j`knc `d`ltnd amrnpmam p`smnib ami h`ibgitrgj k`rkmbmn dmltgr ymib huiblni h`iagiblrml knmym mltnvntms rmitmn injmn. ;. H`hp`rkmrun l`s`jurucmi rmitmn injmn p`rusmcmmi uitul h`ib`jnhnimsn mtmu h`hmiblms mltnvntms-mltnvntms ymib h`imhkmc knmym.
L`tnlm h`iemjmilmi strmt`bn l`p`hnhpnimi knmym, s`kumc p`rusmcmmi cmrus k`rcmtn-cmtn uitul tnaml h`ibbuimlmi fmrm-fmrm fmrm- fmrm s`p`rtn p`hgtgibmi cmrbm ymib mbr`snd s`cnibbm jmkm h`r`lm h`ieman t`rjmju r`iamc mtmu kmclmi tnaml mam smhm s`lmjn. V`jmju h`ifmrn t`rgkgsmi t`ligjgbn ymib hmhpu h`ibc`hmt knmym ami k`rcmtn-cmtn pmam p`rl`hkmibmi rmitmn injmn jmni ymib ampmt h`ibcmifurlmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd p`rusmcmmi. Vtrmt`bn l`p`hnhpnimi knmym r`iamc mtmu injmn t`rkmnl mlmi smibmt `d`ltnd amjmh lgiansn-lgiansn k`rnlut5
=. L`tnlm p`rsmnibmi cmrbm mitmrp`ieumj p`smnib smibmt l`tmt ;. L`tnlm prgaul p`ieumj p`smnib pmam pglgliym smhm ami pmsglmi t`rs`anm amrn s`hum p`ieumj 6. L`tnlm mam k`k`rmpm fmrm uitul h`ifmpmn and`r`isnmsn prgaul ymib h`hnjnln injmn kmbn p`hk`jn 1. L`tnlm s`kmbnmi k`smr p`hk`jn h`ibbuimlmi prgaul a`ibmi fmrm ymib smhm 0. L`tnlm p`hk`jn cmiym h`ib`jumrlmi s`anlnt knmym uitul k`rpniamc h`hk`jn amrn smtu p`ieumj l` p`ieumj ymib jmni 4. L`tnlm p`hk`jn k`bntu k`smr ami h`hnjnln amym tmwmr ymib snbindnlmi uitul h`hnitm p`iuruimi cmrbm 2
2. L`tnlm p`iamtmib niaustrn kmru h`ibbuimlmi cmrbm p`rl`imjmi ymib r`iamc uitul h`imrnl p`hk`jn ami h`hkmibui kmsns lgisuh`i. Vtrmt`bn l`p`hnhpnimi knmym ymib k`rcmsnj knmsmiym h`h`ibmrucn s`juruc p`rusmcmmi, s`kmbmnhmim t`rjncmt amrn `dnsn`isn ymib tnibbn, gv`rc`ma ymib ymib r`iamc, cml nstnh`wm ymib t`rkmtms, l`tnamltgj`rmisnmi t`rcmamp jnhkmc, p`iymrnibmi ymib l`tmt mtms p`rhnitmmi mibbmrmi, p`ib`iamjnmi ymib jums, p`hk`rnmi nhkmjmi ymib anlmntlmi a`ibmi l`hmhpumi uitul h`ibc`hmt knmym, ami pmrtnsnpmsn lmrymwmi ymib jums amjmh upmym p`ib`iamjnmi knmym. Vtrmt`bn L`p`hnhpnimi Knmym (fgst j`ma`rscnp strmt`by) Ans`kut eubm strmt`bn l`p`hnhpnimi knmym-r`iamc (jgw-fgst (jgw-fgst j`ma`rscnp strmt`by) strmt`by) mtmu strmt`bn p`iy`anm knmymr`iamc (jgw-fgst (jgw-fgst prgvna`r strmt`by). strmt`by).
J `ma`r scnp scn p mamjmc 5 K`rnlut nin mamjmc Fnrn amrn J gw F gst J` Fnrn-fnrn
Jgw-fgst J`ma`rscnp
Kmsns amrn l`uibbujmi
Knmym-knmym j`knc r`iamc ankmianiblmi a`ibmi
Lghp`tntnd
p`smnib-p`smnib
Qmrb`t strmt`bn
_mibsm pmsmr ymib jums _rgaul amsmr ymib kmnl a`ibmi lumjntms ymib ant`rnhm
Jnin _rgaul a`ibmi pnjncmi prgaul t`rkmtms _`ifmrnmi h`i`rus uitul p`iburmibmi knmym tmipm _`i`lmimi _rgaulsn
h`iburmibn lumjntms ymib ant`rnhm ami dntur-dntur ymib p`itnib H`ifgkm h`hkumt dntur-dntur prgaul j`knc kmnl ymib
_`i`lmimi _`hmsmrmi antmwmrlmi a`ibmi cmrbm r`iamc Cmrbm-cmrbm `lgighns(k`rinjmn). Luifniym mamjmc H`hp`rtmcmilmi Vtrmt`bn
h`ib`jgjm knmym-knmym h`iurui, tmcui l` tmcui an s`hum mr`m knsins.
3
;. Vtrmt`bn Vtrmt`bn _`hk`ammi _rgaul (Andd`r`itnmtngi) (Andd`r`itnmtngi)
And`r`isnmsn ampmt anjmlulmi amjmh k`k`rmpm k`itul, mitmrm jmni5 =. ;. 6. 1. 0.
And`r`isnmsn prgaul And`r`isnmsn syst`h p`iy`rmcmi / p`iymhpmnmi prgaul And`r`isnmsn amjmh p`ia`lmtmi p`hmsmrmi And`r`isnmsn amjmh p`rmjmtmi ami lgistrulsn And`r`isnmsn amjmh fntrm prgaul
Vtrmt`bn nin h`iagrgib p`rusmcmmi uitul smibbup h`i`hulmi l`uinlmi t`rs`ianrn amjmh pmsmr ymib eman smsmrmiiym. L`uinlmi prgaul ymib anl`a`pmilmi nin huiblni sumtu p`rusmcmmi uitul h`imrnl hnimt s`k`smr ‖ k`smriym amrn lgisuh`i pgt`isnmjiym. Fmrm p`hk`ammi prgaul k`rvmrnmsn amrn pmsmr l` pmsmr, t`tmpn k`rlmntmi a`ibmi sndmt ami mtrnkusn dnsnl sumtu prgaul mtmu p`ibmjmhmi l`pumsmi ymib anampmt gj`c lgisuh`i amrn prgaul t`rs`kut. K`rkmbmn l`huamcmi p`h`jncmrmmi, dntur tmhkmcmi, dj`lsnknjntms, l`iymhmimi ami k`rkmbmn cmj jmniiym ymib sujnt antnru jmwmi h`rupmlmi s`anlnt s`anlnt fgitgc amrn and`r`isnmsn. Vtrmt`bn e`ins nin knmsm antueulmi l`pmam pmrm lgisuh`i pgt`isnmj ymib r`jmtnd tnaml h`ibutmhmlmi cmrbm amjmh p`ibmhknjmi l`putusmiiym. _`rju anp`rcmtnlmi kmcwm t`rampmt k`rkmbmn tniblmtmi and`r`isnmsn. And`r`isnmsn tnaml h`hk`rnlmi emhnimi t`rcmamp l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd, t`rutmhm enlm prgaul ‖ prgaul stmiamr t`jmc r`jmtnd h`h`iucn l`kutucmi lgisuh`i mtmu enlm fghp`tntgr ampmt h`jmlulmi p`inrumi a`ibmi f`pmt. Fgitgc p`ibbuimmi strmt`bn nin t`pmtiym mamjmc pmam prgaul kmrmib ymib ymib k`rsndmt tmcmi jmhm ami sujnt antnru gj`c p`smnib. L`uibbujmi Vtrmt`bn Andd`r`isnmsn5 =.
And`r`isnmsn Mlmi H`hp`rpmiemib Vnljus Cnaup _rgaul
Vumtu prgaul pmstn mlmi h`ibmjmhn snljus a`fjni` mtmu p`iuruimi. Eman, pmam prnisnpiym s`k`juh t`reman p`iuruimi an amjmh p`hmsmrmi prgaul mtmu emsm lntm, p`rju anjmlulmi and`r`isnmsn supmym p`ieumjmi an amjmh p`hmsmrmi lntm h`iniblmt l`hkmjn. ;.
And`r`isnmsn Mlmi H`hkumt _rgaul Mtmu Emsm Lntm J`knc Annibmt Gj`c Lgisuh`i
And`r`isnmsn mlmi h`hkumt prgaul mtmu emsm lntm j`knc h`j`lmt an k`iml lgisuh`i. V`kmbmn nidgrhmsn, p`rk`ammi ymib mam pmam prgaul hmupui emsm lntm, mlmi h`hkumt lgisuh`i j`knc huamc uitul h`ibnibmt prgaul mtmu emsm ymib lntm pmsmrlmi lmr`im mamiym pgnit mamiym pgnit gd nit`r`st ymib nit`r`st ymib lntm hnjnln, ymntu l`uinlmi ymib tnaml anhnjnln anhnj nln gj`c prgaul mtmu emsm ymib jmni.
>
Kmbn pmrm hmrl`tnib, l`uituibmi ymib mlmi anp`rgj`c mamjmc h`r`lm h`ieman j`knc p`rfmym anrn amjmh h`hmsmrlmi prgauliym. Anlmtmlmi j`knc p`rfmym anrn lmr`im a`ibmi mamiym l`uinlmi t`rs`kut, pmrm hmrl`tnib mlmi ampmt h`ie`jmslmi prgaul mtmu emsm h`r`lm a`ibmi j`knc huamc ami cmj t`rs`kut eubm mlmi j`knc h`imrnl kmbn lgisuh`i. _mam amsmriym, s`bmjm s`sumtu ymib uinl ami tnaml anhnjnln gj`c prgaul hmupui emsm jmni mlmi h`rupmlmi sumtu cmj ymib s`jmju h`hmifnib rmsm nibni tmcu lgisuh`i. K`rk`lmj rmsm nibni tmcu t`rs`kut, lgisuh`i mlmi t`rtmrnl uitul h`ib`tmcun prgaul mtmu emsm t`rs`kut a`ibmi j`knc amjmh ami knmsmiym, pmam mlcnriym lgisuh`i mlmi t`rtmrnl uitul h`ifgkm h`iblgisuhsn prgaul mtmu emsm t`rs`kut. 6. And`r`isnmsn Mlmi H`hkumt _rgaul Mtmu Emsm Lntm Q`rjncmt J`knc Kmnl Ankmianiblmi A`ibmi _rgaul Mtmu Emsm ^mib Jmni
A`ibmi mamiym l`uinlmi ymib lntm hnjnln, hmlm prgaul lntm mlmi t`rjncmt j`knc kmnl ankmianiblmi prgaul jmni, lmr`im l`uinlmi t`rs`kut mamjmc injmn tmhkmc amrn prgaul mtmu emsm ymib lntm pmsmrlmi. Vumtu prgaul mtmu emsm ymib h`hnjnln k`itul ami l`uibbujmi ymib r`jmtnd smhm a`ibmi prgaul mtmu emsm jmni knmsmiym mlmi t`rjncmt knmsm smem an hmtm lgisuh`i, lmr`im pmam prnisnpiym, lgisuh`i s`rnib h`rmsm e`iuc a`ibmi p`imwmrmi prgaul mtmu emsm ymib l`uibbujmiiym r`jmtnd smhm a`ibmi ymib jmni. A`ibmi mamiym l`uinlmi mtmu p`rk`ammi ymib h`imrnl amrn prgaul mtmu emsm lntm, hmlm cmj t`rs`kut mlmi h`hkumt lgisuh`i h`hnjnln p`rs`psn kmcwm prgaul mtmu emsm ymib lntm cmsnjlmi j`knc kmnl ankmianiblmi a`ibmi ymib jmni. A`ibmi p`rs`psn t`rs`kut, hmlm pmam lgisuh`i eubm mlmi j`knc t`rtmrnl uitul h`ifgkm h`ibbuimlmi prgaul mtmu emsm ymib ancmsnjlmi gj`c p`rusmcmmi p`rus mcmmi lntm lnt m ankmianiblmi prgaul mtmu emsm ymib jmni. 1. And`r`isnmsn Mlmi H`hkumt Injmn Eumj Amrn _rgaul Mtmu Emsm ^mib Lntm _msmrlmi H`ieman J`knc Qnibbn
L`uinlmi prgaul mtmu emsm ymib anhnjnln knsm h`rupmlmi mss`t ymib k`rcmrbm kmbn lntm. A`ibmi l`uinlmi prgaul mtmu emsm t`rs`kut, lntm ampmt h`ieumj prgaul mtmu emsm lntm a`ibmi cmrbm ymib j`knc tnibbn. Anlmtmlmi kmcwm lntm ampmt h`ieumj prgaul lntm a`ibmi cmrbm ymib j`knc tnibbn lmr`im a`ibmi l`uinlmi ymib lntm hnjnln, lntm ampmt a`ibmi p`rfmym anrn h`ibmtmlmi l`pmam lgisuh`i kmcwm cmj ymib anhnjnln gj`c lntm tnaml anhnjnln gj`c prgaul mtmu emsm ymib jmni. Eman, a`ibmi lmtm jmni, lntm knsm h`hprghgsnlmi kmcwm cmrbm ymib lntm pmsmrlmi h`rupmlmi sumtu cmj ymib wmemr lmr`im lgisuh`i knsm h`inlhmtn l`uinlmi ymib tnaml anhnjnln gj`c prgaul mtmu emsm ymib jmni.
=?
0. H`ibmtmsn Hmsmjmc L`e`iucmi _msmr
H`ibnibmt p`ieumjmi s`kumc prgaul s`rnib h`ibmjmhn pmsmib surut s`sumn a`ibmi amur cnaupiym ymib t`rus k`rputmr, hmlm mamiym and`r`isnmsn prgaul ampmt h`hkmitu pmrm p`ibusmcm hmupui p`jmlu pmsmr l`tnlm lgisuh`i suamc hujmn e`iuc a`ibmi prgaul ymib knmsm knmsm antmwmrlmiiym. 4. H`hkmitu Q`rfnptmiym Nhmb` _rgaul
V`hmlni uinl prgaul ymib Miam tmwmrlmi, hmlm mlmi s`hmlni h`huamclmi lgisuh`i amjmh h`ib`imjn prgaul t`rs`kut. Ami s`hmlni kmiyml lgisuh`i ymib h`ib`imjn prgaul Miam, hmlm s`hmlni k`smr pujm p`jumib Miam uitul h`imimhlmi nhmb` prgaul ymib Miam tmwmrlmi an cmtn pmrm lgisuh`i. V`cnibbm Miam ampmt h`i`itulmi pgsntnginib h`i`itulmi pgsntnginib ymib ymib t`pmt, s`sumn a`ibmi tmrb`t pmsmr ymib Miam knanl. L`j`hmcmi Vtrmt`bn And`r`isnmsn5
L`j`hmcmi utmhm strmt`bn and`r`isnmsn t`rj`tml pmam l`f`ia`ruibmi p`rusmcmmi uitul h`iuruilmi knmym prgaul mtmu h`ibmkmnlmi r`ifmim p`hmsmrmi ymib mbr`snd ami lgitniyu, l`f`ia`ruibmi t`rs`kut ampmt h`iuruilmi l`lumtmiiym. Enlm p`jmibbmi hujmn ymlni kmcwm, p`rk`ammi a`ibmi prgaul p`smnib tnaml jmbn snbindnlmi, hmlm knmym prgaul ymib j`knc r`iamc mlmi j`knc h`imrnl kmbn p`jmibbmi. [`snlg jmni amrn strmt`bn nin mamjmc enlm p`rk`ammi mtmu l`uinlmi ymib antmwmrlmi t`riymtm tnaml ancmrbmn (anmibbmp knmsm) gj`c lgisuh`i. Enlm cmj nin t`reman, hmlm p`smnib ymib h`imwmrlmi prgaul stmiamr a`ibmi strmt`bn knmym r`iamc mlmi huamc h`r`kut pmsmr. Gj`c lmr`imiym l`lumtmi a`pmrt`h`i p`i`jntnmi ami p`ib`hkmibmi amjmh p`rusmcmmi smibmtjmc k`rp`rmi. Vtrmt`bn And`r`isnmsn (andd`r`itmtngi strmt`by) H`hnjnln Fnrn ‖ Fnrn s`kmbmn K`rnlut 5
Fnrn-fnrn
Andd`r`itmtngi J`ma`rscnp (Krgma Andd`r`itmtngi)
Kmsns amrn l`uibbujmi
L`hmhpumi h`imwmrlmi p`hk`jn-p`hk`jn
lghp`tntnd
ymib k`rk`am amrn p`smnib-p`smnib.
Qmrb`t strmt`bn
_mibsm pmsmr ymib jums Kmiyml vmrnmsn prgaul, pnjncmi prgaul j`kmr, p`i`lmimi
Jnin _rgaul pnjncmi pmam dntur ymib k`rk`am _`i`lmimi _rgaulsn
H`i`hulmi fmrm-fmrm uitul h`ifnptmlmi injmn l`pmam
==
p`hk`jn, h`iagrgib l` prgaul ymib k`rlumjntms H`hkmibui dntur-dntur ymib p`hk`jn hmu h`hkmymr _`i`lmimi _`hmsmrmi
a`ibmi cmrbm pr`hnuh uitul h`iutup knmym `lstrm amrn dntur-dntur k`rk`am
H`hp`rtmcmilmi Vtrmt`bn
Lghuinlmsnlmi pgnit-pgnit ymib k`rk`am a`ibmi fmrm ymib h`ibuituiblmi. h`ibuituiblmi. Q`lmilmi pmam nigvmsn-ngvmsn ymib lgistmi uitul s`jmju k`rmam an a`pmi p`smnib-p`smnib ymib h`inru.
6. Vtrmt`bn Dglus (Dgfus)
Vtrmt`bn dglus anbuimlmi uitul h`hkmibui l`uibbujmi k`rsmnib amjmh sumtu s`bh`i pmsmr ymib j`knc s`hpnt. Vtrmt`bn e`ins nin antueulmi uitul h`jmymin l`kutucmi lgisuh`i ymib euhjmciym r`jmtnd l`fnj ami amjmh p`ibmhknjmi l`putusmiiym uitul h`hk`jn r`jmtnd tnaml anp`ibmrucn gj`c cmrbm. Amjmh p`jmlsmimmiiym ‖ t`rutmhm pmam p`rusmcmmi slmjm h`i`ibmc ami k`smr ‖ , strmt`bn dglus annit`brmsnlmi a`ibmi smjmc smtu amrn aum strmt`bn b`i`rnl jmniiym5 strmt`bn knmym r`iamc mtmu strmt`bn p`hk`ammi lmrmlt`rnstnl prgaul. Vtrmt`bn nin knmsm anbuimlmi gj`c p`hmsgl p`hm sgl ‐infc` ‐infc` hmrl`t — (s`bh`i lcusus/lcms amjmh sumtu pmsmr t`rt`itu< ans`kut pujm s`kmbmn f`rul pmsmr) uitul h`h`iucn l`kutucmi sumtu prgaul ‑ kmrmib ami emsm ‑ emsm ‑ lcusus. lcusus. Vymrmt kmbn p`i`rmpmi strmt`bn nin mamjmc mamiym k`smrmi pmsmr ymib fulup ( hmrl`t snz`), snz`), t`rampmt pgt`isn p`rtuhkucmi ymib kmnl, ami tnaml t`rjmju anp`rcmtnlmi gj`c p`smnib amjmh rmiblm h`ifmpmn l`k`rcmsnjmiiym (p`smnib tnaml t`rtmrnl uitul k`rb`rml pmam f`rul t`rs`kut). Vtrmt`bn nin mlmi h`ieman j`knc `d`ltnd enlm lgisuh`i h`hkutuclmi sumtu l`lcmsmi t`rt`itu ymib tnaml anhnimtn gj`c p`rusmcmmi p`smnib. Knmsmiym p`rusmcmmi ymib k`rb`rml a`ibmi strmt`bn nin j`knc k`rlgis`itrmsn pmam sumtu l`jghpgl pmsmr t`rt`itu (infc` (infc` hmrl`t ), ), wnjmymc b`gbrmdns t`rt`itu, mtmu prgaul kmrmib mtmu emsm t`rt`itu a`ibmi l`hmhpumi h`h`iucn l`kutucmi lgisuh`i s`fmrm kmnl, `xf`jj`it a`jnv`ry. a`jnv`ry. ( _grt`r, _grt`r, =>3? ami =>30 =>30 ). _mam Vtrmt`bn nin p`rusmcmmi h`husmtlmi usmcmiym uitul h`jmymin s`kmbnmi l`fnj s`bh`i pmsmr ami tnaml h`jmymin pmsmr s`fmrm jums. Psmcm nin anjmlulmi a`ibmi h`ib`imjn s`fmrm a`tmnj pmsmr ymib antueu ami h`i`rmplmi l`uibbujmi knmym h`iy`juruc mtmu and`r`isnmsn pmam s`bh`i l`fnj t`rs`kut. V`sumn a`ibmi imhmiym, dgfus k`rmrtn h`iymsmr l`jghpgl lgisuh`i ymib =;
j`knc s`hpnt mtmu amjmh p`hmsmrmi jmznh anl`imj a`ibmi nstnjmc f`rul pmsmr. F`rul pmsmr mamjmc l`jghpgl lgisuh`i ymib h`hnjnln lghknimsn l`kutucmi mtmu suhk`r amym ymib j`knc sp`sndnl.
Hnsmjiym, lgisuh`i ymib sulm hmins t`tmpn h`ia`rntm anmk`t`s. Vtrmt`bn nin fgfgl ant`rmplmi enlm 5 =.
L`kutucmi p`hk`jn t`rcmamp sumtu kmrmib k`rhmfmh-hmfmh
;.
Qnaml mam smnibmi lcusus amjmh tmrb`t/s`bh`i ymib smhm
6.
V`bh`i p`hk`jn smibmt k`rk`am amjmh ulurmi, p`rtuhkucmi, prgdntmknjntms, ymib h`hkumt kmiyml s`bh`i j`knc h`imrnl amrnpmam ymib jmni
1.
_`rusmcmmi lurmib h`hnjnln lmpmknjntms uitul h`h`iucn l`kutucmi l`s`jurucmi pmsmr
1. Vtrmt`bn Dglus (Dgfus)
Dgfus knmym mamjmc strmt`bn k`rsmnib ymib dgfus pmam l`jghpgl p`hk`jn mtmu b`gbrmdns t`rt`itu ami h`ifgkm h`jmymin f`rul-f`rul nin, ami h`ibmkmnlmi ymib jmni. Amjmh h`ibbuimlm dgfus knmym, p`rusmcmmi uint knsins h`ifmrn l`uibbujmi knmym pmam s`bh`i smsmrmiiym. Vtmrmt`bns t`rs`kut anamsmrlmipmam l`ymlnimi kmcwm p`rusmcmmi mtmu uint knsins ymib h`iblgs`istrmsnlmi upmym-upmymiym ampmt am pmt h`jmymin tmrb`t strmt`bns ymib s`hpnt a`ibmi j`knc `dnsn`i ankmianiblmi a`ibmi pmrm p`smnibiym. [`snlg Dglus5 =. ;. 6. 1. 0. 4. 2.
Vtrmt`bn dgfus antnru V`bh`i smsmrmi h`ieman tnaml h`iMrnl s`fmrm strultur str ultur Vtrultur h`jmpul /t`rlnsns _`rhnitmmi cnjmib _`smnib smsmrmi h`ibc`kgclmi s`bh`i _`rk`ammi s`bh`i a`ibmi s`bh`i jmni t`rknjmib s`hpnt L`uibbujmi jnin ymib jums h`iniblmt
_mrm p`hmlmn strmt`by ‐dgfus— kmru mlmi kmru mlmi h`h`fmc s`bh`i niaustry Fnrn ‖ fnrn fnrn strmt`bn Dglus ampmt anjncmt an tmk`j k`rnlut nin
Fnrn-fnrn
Dgfus`a Jgw-Fgst mia Dgfus`a andd`r`itnmj
Kmsns amrn l`uibbujmi
Knmym j`knc r`iamc amjmh h`jmymin f`rul ( dgfus`a jgw-
lghp`tntnd
fgst ) mtmu l`hmhpumi h`imwmrlmi p`hk`jn f`rul
=6
s`sumtu ymib ans`sumnlmi a`ibmi l`kutucmi ami s`j`rmiym ( dgfus`a dgfus`a andd`r`itnmtngi) andd`r`itnmtngi) F`rul pmsmr s`hpnt anhmim l`kutucmi ami pr`d`r`isn Qmrb`t strmt`bn p`hk`jn k`rk`am amrn snsm pmsmr jmniiym. Ans`sumnlmi supmym s`sumn a`ibmi l`kutucmi lcusus Jnin _rgaul amrn s`bh`i pmsmr. _`i`lmimi _rgaulsn
Ankumt lcusus uitul f`rul t`rt`itu. H`iblghuinlmsnlmi l`hmhpumi uinl prgaul uitul
_`i`lmimi _`hmsmrmi h`humslmi l`kutucmi lcusus amrn p`hk`jn. Q`tmp s`fmrm p`iuc h`jmymin f`rul j`knc kmnl amrn H`hp`rtmcmilmi Vtrmt`bn p`smnib-p`smnibiym.
;.0 Anh`isn-Anh`isn L`uibbujmi Lghp`tntnd Amjmh h`hp`rtmcmilmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd kmiyml tmitmibmi ymib t`rkulm a`hnlnmi eubm kmiyml fmrm uitul h`hp`rtmcmilmi h`hp`rtmcmilmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd. K`k`rmpm fmrm h`hp`rtmcmilmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ymib knsm an na`itndnlmsnlmi anmitmrmiym mamjmc5 =. L`uibbujmi Gp`rmsngmimj5
L`uibbujmi nin h`ibmfu l`pmam strmt`bnl b`i`rnl ymntu l`pmam strmt`bn strmt` bn cmrbm ami knmym t`r`iamc a`ibmi p`i`lmimi l`pmam `d`sn`isn. Knjm p`rusmcmmi k`l`rem s`fmrm `dnsn`i ami l`huanmi k`rcmsnj h`i`rmplmi mtmu h`i`lmi knmym tgtmj uitul prgaul s`a`hnlnmi rupm, s`cnibbm knsm h`ieman ymib t`r`iamc amjmh amjm h niaustrniym, hmlm l`huiblnimi k`smr knsm h`i`tmplmi cmrbm prgaul ymib t`r`iamc pujm amjmh niaustrn. @dnsn`isn k`rmrtn pujm kmcwm p`jmibbmi mlmi h`iampmtlmi prgaul a`ibmi knmym l`p`hnjnlmi t`r`iamc s`rtm wmltu ymib anp`rjulmi smhpmn l`tmibmi p`jmibbmi mamjmc wmltu ymib t`rsniblmt. Q`rampmt tnbm cmj utmhm ymib h`iy`kmklmi p`rusmcmmi-p`rusmcmmi a`ibmi l`uibbujmi gp`rmsngimj h`hnjln lumjndnlmsn uitul k`rcmsnj h`hk`rnlmi p`jmymimi ymib uibbuj l`pmam p`jmibbmi. =1
-
_`rtmhm, p`rusmcmmi-p`rusmcmmi cmrus k`rdglus l`pmam usmcm uitul h`hk`rnlmi p`jmymimi ymib s`a`rcmim ami k`kms amrn cmj-cmj ymib eustru mlmi h`inhkujlmi l`ruw`tmi.
-
L`aum, p`rusmcmmi- p`rusmcmmi h`i`rmplmi hga`j h ga`j gp`rmsn ymib h`i`lmilmi l`pmam `d`sn`isn s`rtm k`rusmcm ymib h`i`lmilmi l`pmam `d`sn`isn s`rtm k`rusmcm uitul h`hp`rgj`c z`rg a`d`ft kmnl amjh prgaul hmupui p`jmymimi.
-
L`tnbm, l`k`rcmsnjmi p`rusmcmmi- p`rusmcmmi t`rs`kut amjmh h`hmidmmtlmi t`ligjgbn nidgrhmsn
;. L`uibbujmi _rgaul Ami Q`ligjgbn.
Vmtu cmj ymib huiblni h`ieman p`bmibmi kmbn p`rusmcmmi uitul t`rus h`jmlulmi nigvmsn mamjmc l`suls`smi l`suls`smi amrn p`rusmcmmip`r usmcmmi- p`rusmcmmi ymib h`ieman p`hnhpni prgaul. Mbmr ampmt h`ieman p`hnhpni prgaul, p`rusmcmmi cmrus h`iuieulmi mrus ymib lgisnst`i amrn prgaul-prgaul ymib h`igiegj ymib mlmi hmhpu h`hkumt pmrm p`jmibbmi mlmi t`rus h`imitn a`ibmi p`iuc cmrmp prgaul-prgaul kmru ymib mlmi an juifurlmi. Cmj jmni ymib mcrus anp`rcmtnlmi mamjmc p`rusmcmmi p`rusmcmmi tnaml kgj`c t`rj`im a`ibmi t`rus-h`i`rus h`jmlulmi nigvmsn prgaul tmipm h`hp`raujnlmi pmsmr. 6. L`a`lmtmi A`ibmi _`jmibbmi.
_`rusmcmmi ymib nibni h`hkmibui l`uibbujmi h`jmjun l`a`lmtmi a`ibmi p`jmibbmi ymib cmrus anjmlulmi mamjmc upmym uitul h`hkmibui fntrm mtmu nhmb` nhmb` t`itmib p`rusmcmmi l`amjmh k`iml p`jmibbmi. L`tnlm p`jmibbmi p `jmibbmi k`rpnlnr t`itmib sumtu prgaul ymib nibni anhnjnln amjmh rmiblm h`h`iucun l`nibnimiiym hmlm ymib mam an k`imliym p`rtmhm lmjn mamjmc prgaul - prgaul prgaul s`rtm imhm p`rusmcmmi t`rs`kut. Pitul h`hkmibui l``lmtmi ami l`mlrmkmi a`ibmi p`jmibbmi, mhml p`rusmcmmi cmrus hmu h`ieman kmbnmi amrn sgjusn uitul sn p`jmibbmi ami kulmijmc h`ieman kmbnmi kmbnmi amrn prgkj`h h`r`lm. _`rusmcmmi-p`rusmcmmi _`rusmcm mi-p`rusmcmmi ymib a`lmt a`ibmi p`jmibbmi ami suls`s mamjmc h`r`lm ymib amjmh p`ibmjmhmiiym k`rcmsnj h`ieman mcjn amjmh knsins p`jmibbmiym s`rtm k`rcmsnj h`ifnptmplmi k`rkmbmn sgjusn. ghp`tntnd ;.4 Cmj ^mib _`rju Anp`rcmtnlmi Amjmh H`ifmpmn L`uibbujmi L ghp`tntn
L`k`rcmsnjmi knsins smjmc smtuiym ant`itulmi gj`c l`hmhpumi h`hmcmhn p`smnib. Gutput amrn l`hmhpumi t`rs`kut, h`igpmib hmime`h`i amjmh h`hutuslmi anhmim mlmi k`rsmnib ami kmbmnhmim pgsnsn anmitmrm p`smnib. A`hnlnmi lmr`im, mimjnsns anjmlulmi a`ibmi fmrm na`itndnlmsn niaustrn ami lmrmlt`rnstnliym, na`itndnlmsn knsins an amjmh niaustrn, l`huanmi hmsnib-hmsnib knsins pui an`vmjumsn, pr`anlsn mltndntms p`smnib t`rhmsul na`itndnlmsn p`smnib kmru ymib huiblni h`i`rgkgs pmsmr hmupui s`bh`i pmsmr.
=0
Mimjnsm p`rsmnibmi h`rupmlmi s`kumc usmcm uitul h`ibna`itndnlmsn mifmhmi, l`s`hpmtmi, mtmup`rhmsmjmcmi strmt`bns (strmt`by qu`stngi) ymib t`reman s`kmbmn mlnkmt amrn p`rukmcmi p`rsmnibmi pgt`isnmj, s`rtm l`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi p`smnib.
Mimjnsns p`rsmnibmi k`rsndmt animhns. _`smnib ana`slrnpsnlmi ami anmimjnsns, p`smnib an `vmjumsn, s`rtm l`huanmi tniamlmi p`smnib pui anpr`anlsn s`fmrm t`pmt. ^mib anhmlsua p`smnib t`rhmsul anamjmhiym p`smnib kmru ymib k`rp`jumib h`ibmfuiblmi emrn t`juieul s`kmbmn tmiam l`cmanrmi. Mimjnsns p`rsmnibmi h`rupmlmi mltndntms ymib t`rus h`i`rus ami h`h`rjulmi lggranimsn nidgrhmsn. Knsins ami uint knsins h`ibmimjnsns p`smnib ampmt a`ibmi fmrm h`ibbuimlmi snst`h nit`j`e`i p`smnib.Pitul l`p`itnibmi ntu, k`k`rmpm t`linl anjmlulmi s`p`rtn p`ifmrnmi amtmkms`, surv`y lgisuh`i, wmwmifmrm a`ibmi p`hmsgl s`rtm pmrtnsnpmi jmniiym ymib s`sumn, p`r`lrutmi lmrymwmi p`smnib t`rhmsul h`hp`jmemrn prgaul p`smnib. V`tnmp t`linl ymib t`jmc anl`hulmlmi, tmhpml anamjmhiym h`ibmiauib uisur tntnl l`animhnsmi -
V`p`rtn cmjiym p`rusmcmmi Fgfm- Fgjm tmcu kmcwm _`psn Fgjm mamjmc p`smnib utmhmiym, ami Vgiy tmcu kmcwm Hmtscuscntm mamjmc p`smnib utmhmiym. Imhui fmlupmi p`smnib mftumj ami pgt`isnmj p`rusmcmmi s`k`imriym emuc j`knc jums. _`rusmcmmi j`knc huiblni uitul anlmjmclmi gj`c p`smnibiym ymib kmru huifuj mtmu gj`c t`ligjgbn kmru, ankmianiblmi gj`c p`smnibiym smmt nin.
-
K`rnlut fgitgc 5 K`rsmhm ‖ smhm a`ibmi pmkrnlmi a`t`re`i jmni, Pinj`v`r h`if`hmslmi rns`t ymib s`amib anjmlulmi mtms h`sni fufn ujtrmsginl. Enlm ans`hpurimlmi, h`sni nin mlmi h`ifufn pmlmnmi amjmh mnr ymib h`ibmiauib s`anlnt mtmu tmipm ant`re`i. V`emuc nin, h`sni t`rs`kut cmiym ampmt h`ifufn lgtgrmi ami e`ins lmni t`rt`itu. Kmbn knsins ant`re`i, mifmhmi mpmlmc ymib j`knc k`smr amrnpmam h`sni fufn ujtrmsginl7.
Anpmsmr lntm ampmt h`hk`amlmi `hpmt tniblmt p`rsmnibmi k`ramsmrlmi tniblmt sukstntusn prgaul 5 =. _`rsmnibmi H`r`l 5 t`reman mpmknjm sumtu p`rusmcmmi pmrm p`smnibiym mamjmc p`rusmcmmi jmni ymib h`imwmrlmi prgaul ami emsm ymib s`rupm pmam p`jmibbmi ymib smhm a`ibmi cmrbm ymib smhm. Hnsmjiym Q`c Kgtgj Vgsrg ami Dr`s Q`m. ;. _`rsmnibmi Niaustrn 5 t`reman mpmknjm sumtu p`rusmcmmi h`ibmibbmppmrm p`smnibiym mamjmc s`hum p`rusmcmmi ymib h`hkumtprgaul mtmu l`jms prgaul ymib smhm. Hnsmjiym Q`c Kgtgj Vgsrg niaustrniym tnaml cmiym niaustrn t`c amjmh kgtgj, t`tmpn s`hum niaustrn hniuhmi. Lmr`im ntu p`smnibiym mamjmc eubm Fgfm Fgjm, Mqum, ami jmni-jmni.
=4
6. _`rsmnibmi K`itul 5 t`reman mpmknjm sumtu p`rusmcmmi ymib h`ibmibbmp pmrm p`smnibiym mamjmc s`hum p`rusmcmmi ymib h`hprgaulsn prgaul ymib h`hk`rnlmi emsm ymib smhm. Hnsmjiym p`rsmnibmi mitmrm Q`c Kgtgj Vgsrg a`ibmi Vusu Pjtrm, ^gburt, ami jmni-jmni. 1. _`rsmnibmi B`i`rnl 5 t`reman mpmknjm sumtu p`rusmcmmi h`ibbmibmp pmrm p`smnibiym mamjmc s`hum p`rusmcmmi ymib k`rsmnib uitul h`iampmtlmi umib lgisuh`i ymib smhm. Queumi Mimjnsm _`smnib, mitmrm jmni 5 =. H`hmcmhn mrtn p`rukmcmi lmr`im p`rukmcmi ntu p`rju. ;. H`ib`tmcun mrtn amrn p`smnib. 6. Ampmt h`ibna`itndnlmsnlmi p`smnib. 1. Ampmt h`i`itulmi smsmrmi ymib annibnilmi p`smnib s`cnibbm ampmt h`hkumt strmt`bn uitul h`ibcmampniym. 0. Ampmt h`ibna`itndnlmsnlmi strmt`bn yimb ankumt p`smnib. 4. Hmhpu h`ibmimjnsns l`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi p`smnib. 2. Hmhpu h`ibna`itndnlmsnlmi r`mlsn p`smnib. 3. Hmhpu h`r`ifmimlmi srmt`bn mpm ymbi cmrus ankumt uitul h`ibcmampn p`smnib. Na`itndnlmsn _`smnib
Pitul h`ib`tmcun euhjmc ami e`ins p`smnib s`rtm l`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi ymib h`r`lm hnjnln, p`rusmcmmi p`rju h`hkumt p`tm p`rsmnibmi ymi j`iblmp. _mhkumtmi p`tm p`rsmnibmi ymib aubuimlmi uitul h`jmlulmi mimjnsns p`smnib h`h`rjulmi jmiblmcjmiblmc ymib t`pmt. Jmiblmc-jmiblmc nin p`rju anjmlulmi mbmr mimjnsnsn p`smnib t`pmt smsmrmi ami tnaml smjmjc mrmc. Jmiblmc p`rtmhm ymib p`rju anjmlulmi p`rusmcmmi mamjmc a`ibmi na`itndnlmsn s`juruc p`smnib ymib mam. Jmiblmc nin p`rju anjmlulmi mbmr lntm h`ib`tmcun s`fmrm utuc lgiansn p`smnib lntm. A`ibmi a`hnlnmi, h`huamclmi lntm uitul h`i`tmplmi jmiblmc s`jmieutiym. Na`itndnlmsn p`smnib h`jnputn cmj-cmj s`kmbmn k`rnlut5 =. E`ins _rgaul ^mib Antmwmrlmi
Lmamib-lmamib s`kumc p`rusmcmmi t`rt`itu h`hnjnln prgaul ymib k`rmbmh. Qubms p`rusmcmmi mamjmc h`ibna`itndnlmsnlmi s`fmrm j`iblmp ami k`imr prgaul mpm smem ymib anhnjln gj`c p`smnib-p`smnibiym. Na`itndnlmsnlmi snmpm p`smnib utmhm ymib t`ra`lmt s`rtm p`smnib jmniym ymib eubm k`rpgt`isn h`ibmifmh p`rusmcmmi lntm s`lmrmib ami an hmsm ymib mlmi amtmib.
=2
;. H`jncmt K`smriym _msmr ^mib Anlumsmn (Hmrl`t Vcmr`) _`smnib
Pitul h`jncmt k`smriym pmsmr ymib anlumsmn p`smnib, ampmt anjmlulmi h`jmjun s`bh`i pmsmr ymib mlmi anhmsuln. Amjmh cmj nin p`rusmcmmi cmrus h`ib`stnhmsn k`smriym pmsmr ami hmrl`t scmr` hmsnib-hmsnib p`smnib. Hmrl`t scmr` ymib cmrus anl`tmcun mamjmc uitul hmsm s`lmrmib ami an hmsm ymib mlmi amtmib, kmnl ymib anlumsmn p`smnib hmupui s`fmrm l`s`jurucmi. 6. Na`itndnlmsn _`jumib Ami Mifmhmi
A`ibmi h`ib`stnhmsn k`smriym hmrl`t scmr`, mlmi l`jncmtmi p`jumib ymib mam s`rtm mifmhmi ymib huiblni tnhkuj s`lmrmib ami an hmsm ymib mlmi amtmib. V`tnmp p`jumib cmrus anhmsuln ami anusmcmlmi uitul h`ifnptmlmi p`jumib kmru ymib s`k`smr-k`smriym. L`huiblnimi mifmhmi mtmu hmsmjmc ymib tnhkuj pui cmrus s`b`rm anmitnsnpmsn s`cnibbm tnaml h`inhkujlmi hmsmjmc 1.
Na`itndnlmsn L`uibbujmi Ami L`j`hmcmi
Na`itndnlmsn l`jmhmcmi ami l`uibbujmi k`rmrtn h`h`tmlmi mtmu h`ifmrn tmcu l`uibbujmi ami l`j`hmcmi ymib anhnjln p`smnib. Na`itndnlmsnlmi l`j`hmcmi ami l`uibbujmi p`smnib amjmh k`rkmbmn knamib, hnsmjiym amjmh cmj l`j`iblmpmi prgaul, hutu, l`hmsmi, cmrbm, cmrbm, anstrnkusn, jglmsn, s`rtm prghgsn. 0. H`i`itulmi Vmsmrmi _`smnib
V`kmbmnhmim ane`jmslmi anmwmj kmcwm p`smnib mam aum e`ins, ymntu p`smnib a`lmt ami p`smnib emuc. _`smnib a`lmt mamjmc p`rusmcmmi ymib h`hprgaulsn kmrmib ymib cmhpnr s`e`ins, s`p`rtn kmil uhuh, K_[, kmil symrnmc, mtmu kmil msnib. _`smnib emuc mamjmc p`rusmcmmi ymib h`hnjnln prgaul ymib hnrnp. Fgitgciym p`smnib uitul kmil mamjmcj`hkmbm l`umibmi ymib l`bnmtmiym h`hnjln l`smhmmi am`ibmi kmil s`p`rtn msurmisn, pgs bnrg, p`bmamnmi, lgp`rmsn snhpmi pniemh, j`msnib, hgi`y fcmib`r, mtmu amim amim p`isnui. V`t`jmc lntm h`ib`tmcun p`smnib ami hmrl`t scmr` ymib anlumsmn, lntm p`rju h`ib`tmcun smsmrmi amrn p`smnib ami snmpm ymib h`ieman tmrb`t h`r`lm s`jmieutiym. Vmsmrmi p`smnib mitmrm jmni h`hmlsnhmjlmi jmkm, h`hp`rk`smr hmrl`t scmr`, h`iniblmtlmi hutu prgaul, mtmu huiblni eubm h`hmtnlmi mtmu h`ibcmhkmt p`smnib jmniiym. Enlm smsmrmi h`r`lm h`hmlsnhmjlmi jmkm, p`rusmcmmi p`rju h`ib`tmcun jmkm emiblm p`ia`l mtmu jmkm emiblm pmiemib ami mpm tniamlmi ymib mlmi h`r`lm mhknj. Vmsmrmi uitul h`hmlsnhmjlmi jmkm nin ampmt anjmlulmi h`jmjun p`iniblmtmi l`pumsmi lgisuh`i a`ibmi k`rkmbmn fmrm, hnsmjiym h`jmjun p`jmymi mtmu cmrbm ymib r`jmtnd hurmc. Enlm smsmrmiiym uitul h`hp`rk`smr, hmlm p`rusmcmmmi p`rju h`ib`tmcun mpmlmc p`rtuhkucmi hmrl`t scmr` ymib anhnjnln fulup k`smr. Knmsmiym, h`iniblmtlmi hmrl`t scmr` ampmt anjmlulmi a`ibmi prghgsn ymib fulup b`ifmr a`ibmi annhkmibn p`hkulmmi =3
fmkmib kmru ymib b`ifmr pujm. V`kmbmn fgitgc p`rusmcmmi 6 mtmu mxns ymib k`bntu b`ifmr amjmh h`hprghgsnlmi prgauliym a`ibmi annhkmibn l`uibbujmi amrn hmsnib-hmsnib prgaul ntu s`cnibbm f`pmt h`imrnl lgisuh`i. _`iniblmtmi h`rl`r scmr` eubm ampmt anjmlulmi a`ibmi fmrm p`iuruimi cmrbm h`ibnibmt h`r`lm h`hnjnln knmym gp`rmsngimj ymib r`jmtnd j`knc r`iamc. Cmj ymib eubm p`rju ans`jnanln mamjmc kmcwm p`iniblmtmi hmrl`t scmr` ampmt pujm anjmlulmi a`ibmi fmrm h`ibmhknj hmrl`t scmr` p`smnib jmniym. _`iniblmtmi hutu prgaul k`rtueumi uitul h`ibbm`t p`jmibbmi hnjnl p`smnib. _`iniblmtmi hutu prgaul nin ampmt anjmlulmi a`ibmi h`hk`rnlmi k`rkmbmn l`j`kncmi, kmnl p`jmymimi mtmu l`j`kncmi jmniiym. Hnsmjiym, prgaul pjus, kuibm ymib lghp`tntnd, dr`lu`isn p`imrnlmi, euhjmc emrnibmi, mtmu t`ligjgbn ymib anhnjnln. Na`itndnlmsn Vtrmt`bn _`smnib
Queumi p`rusmcmmi amjmh h`iemjmilmi usmcm mtmu knsins mamjmc uitul h`h`imiblmi p`rsmnibmi. Gj`c lmr`im ntu, s`tnmp p`rusmcmmi h`hnjnln strmt`bn t`rs`ianrn uitul h`hmtnlmi jmwmiiym. V`hmlni l`tmt p`rsmnibmi, hmlm s`hmlni fmibbnc strmt`bn ymib anemjmilmi. Vtrmt`bn uitul h`hmtnlmi mtmu h`hp`rj`hmc jmwmi s`jmju anjmlulmi. Vnmpm ymib j`ibmc, mlmi t`rl`im amhpmlmiym. Kulmi tnaml huiblni s`tnmp strmt`bn ymib anemjmilmi h`hnjnln l`hnrnpmi. Gj`c lmr`im ntu, p`rusmcmmi cmrus pmiamn h`hujmn ami h`ibmlcnrn. _`rusmcmmi cmrus h`hmitmu strmt`bn p`smnibiym s`fmrm lgitniyu, lmr`im p`smnib ymib f`ranl mlmi h`r`vnsn strmt`bn h`r`lm amrn wmltu l` wmltu. E`jmsjmc, kmcwm p`rusmcmmi eubm cmrus h`wmspmamn p`rukmcmi-p`rukmcmi ymib annibnilmi p`jmibbmi ami kmbmnhmim pmrm p`smnib h`r`vnsn strmt`bn h`r`lm uitul h`h`iucn cmsrmt ymib annibnilmi gj`c pmrm p`jmibbmi t`rs`kut. Mimjnsm VRGQ (Vtr`ibct, R`mli`ss, Gppurtuintn`s, Qcr`mts)
Mimjnsm VRGQ mamjmc mjmt ymib anbuimlmi uitul h`ibna`itndnlmsn nsu-nsu nit`rimj ami `lst`rimj ymib h`hp`ibmrucn l`hmhpumi lntm amjmh h`hmsmrlmi `v`it lntm. =. L`lumtmi ami L`j`hmcmi
Pitul h`ibna`itndnlmsn l`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi sumtu `v`it, lntm cmrus h`if`rhmtn nsu-nsu amjmh grbminsmsn ymib h`hp`ibmrucn l`hmhpumi lntm h`ieumj `v`it l` pmsmr ami spgisgr. ^mib h`ieman pmtglmi sumtu `v`it knms anemanlmi l`lumtmi mtmu l`j`hmcmiiym, lntm p`rju h`ibbmjn p`rs`psn amrn sn @G ntu s`ianrn t`rcmamp sumtu `v`it. Enlm @G lntm h`hmiamib `v`it t`rs`kut s`kmbmn p`rngrntms ami p`jumib uitul h`iniblmtlmi prgdnj @G, hmlm `v`it t`rs`kut h`ieman s`kumc l`lumtmi. Imhui enlm lntm h`hmiamib `v`it t`rs`kut s`kmbmn p`hkgrgsmi suhk`r amym,hmlm `v`it t`rs`kut h`ieman l`j`hmcmi. ;. _`jumib ami Mifmhmi
=>
Jmiblmc ymib p`rju anjmlulmim mamjmc h`ibmimjnsm s`hum dmltgr an jumr grbminsmsn ymib huiblni h`hp`ibmrcn `v`it lntm. Mimjnsm `lst`rimj nin mlmi h`hkmitu lntm h`ibna`itndnlmsn p`jumib ami mifmhmi ymib t`rlmnt a`ibmi `v`it. V`b`rm s`t`jmc h`i`itulmi mifmhmi-mifmhmi mtms `v`it lntm, lntm knsm h`imlsnr ujmib sntumsn ami h`ibmimjnsm kmbmnhmim fmrm h`ibukmc mifmhmi ntu h`ieman p`jumib. _`itnib s`lmjn h`husmtlmi p`rcmtnmi pmam hmsnib-hmsnib mifmhmi mtms s`kumc `v`it smmt lntm h`iemjmilmi p`r`ifmimmi, uitul h`hmstnlmi l`k`rcmsnjmi `v`it t`rs`kut. _`iblmt`bgrnsmsnmi sumtu mifmhmi mlmi h`i`itulmi fmrm lntm h`r`spgi mifmhmi uitul h`hninhmjlmi `d`liym. K`rnlut fmrm h`r`spgi mifmhmi uitul h`hninhmjlmi `d`liym 5 =. Hgintgr
Mifmhmi ymib l ntm ntm putuslmi uitul ‐s`l`amr anhgintgr— mamjmc e`ins mifmhmi ymib tnaml mtmu s`anlnt ampmt an lgitrgj, t`tmpn tnaml k`ramhpml k`smr pmam `v`it. Lntm cmiym nibni tmcu mpm ymib mlmi t`reman ;. Hgintgr ami Mimjnsm
Mifmhmi ymib lntm putuslmi uitul ‐an hgintgr ami an mimjnsm— h`rupmlmi mifmhmi ymib knsm s`anlnt anlgitrgj, t`tmpn lntm p`rju h`hmstnlmi kmbmnhmim mifmhmi t`rs`kut ampmt h`hp`ibmrucn `v`it lntm. 6. Vtrmt`bn-Vtrmt`bn Lgitnib`isn
Mifmhmi ymib lntm putuslmi uitul ‐an r`spgi a`ibmi sumtu stmrt`bn lgitnib`isn—, mamjmc s`hum mifmhmi ymib ampmt lntm lurmibn p`ibmruciym a`ibmi p`r`ifmimmi. V`kmbmn fgitgc enlm fumfm kurul mamjmc mifmhmi kmbn `v`it an jumr rumibmi, lntm knsm h`i`tmplmi kmbmnhmim lntm mlmi ml mi h`imibminiym, h`iuiam `v`it, pniamc l` niaggr, pmwmib pmwmib cuemi mtmu s`anlnt h`rukmc lgis`p. 1. Mimjnsm Ni-A`ptc Ami Vtrmt`bn _`ib`hkmibmi
Mifmhmi ymib lntm putuslmi uitul ‐an r`spgi amibmi mimjnsm ni -a`ptc ami strmt`bn p`ib`hkmibmi— mamjmc s`hum mifmhmi ymib h`hnjnln l`huiblnimi pmjnib k`smr uitul h`hp`ibmrucn `v`it lntm. dmltgr-dmltgr t`ligjgbn, p`smnib ami j`bnsjmtnd j` bnsjmtnd mamjmc fgitgc-fgitgc mifmhmi ymib huiblni h`h`rjulmi mimjnsm ami strmt`bn p`ib`hkmibmi j`knc a`tnj jmbn V`t`jmc s`hum t`jmc lntm mimjnsm a`ibmi kmnl, kmrujmc lntm ampmt h`i`itulmi jmiblmc s`jmieutiym uitul h`iemjmilmi `v`it ymib t`jmc anr`ifmimlmi, ami mjmiblmc kmnliym mpmknjm lntm eubm ampmt h`jmlulmi mimjnsm p`smnib ami strmt`bn p`hmsmrmi t`rcmamp `v`it t`rs`kut.
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0. Mimjnsns L`lumtmi Ami L`j`hmcmi _`smnib
V`t`jmc lntm tmcu snmpm smem p`smnib lntm, t`itulmi l`lumtmi h`r`lm ami fmrn tmcu l`r`itmimi h`r`lm. H`ibmpm imsmkmc h`hk`jn amrn h`r`lm7 Mpmlmc lmr`im cmrbm7 injmn7 p`jmymimi7 l`iymhmimi7 r`putmsn7 Dgluslmi t`rutmhm pmam l`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi ymib ‐anrmsmlmi— s`p`rtn ymib lntm jmlulmi t`rcmamp p`rusmcmmi s`suibbuciym. Nin lmr`im p`rs`psn imsmkmc t`riymtm knsm j`knc p`itnib amrn l`iymtmmi. Mam kmnliym lntm jmlulmi mimjnsns l`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi amjmh k`itul tmk`j. Qujnslmi imhm hmsnib-hmsnib p`smnib. L`huanmi susui lgjgh-lgjgh ymib h`humt s`hum lmt`bgrn p`itnib kmbn knamib usmcm lntm (cmrbm, injmn, p`jmymimi, jglmsn, r`putmsn, l`mcjnmi, l`iymhmimi, p`rsgimjnm, p`hmsmibmi nljmi/p`hmsmrmi, mtmu mpm smem ymib s`sumn a`ibmi e`ins p`rusmcmmi). K`bntu tmk`j snmp, p`rniblmtjmc s`hum p`smnib, ami fmituhlmi lgh`itmr h`ibmpm p`rniblmt t`rs`kut ank`rnlmi. Kmclmi knsm eubm lntm k`rn tmiam h`rmc uitul l`lumtmi ami knru uitul l`j`hmcmi, s`cnibbm s`fmrm s`lnjms lntm ampmt h`ib`tmcun l`auaulmi s`tnmp p`smnib. Hnfcm`j _grt`r t`jmc h`ibna`itndnlmsn jnhm l`lumtmi, ami jnhm l`lumtmi t`rs`kut mamjmc pmrm p`smnib niaustrn, fmjgi p`iamtmib, sukstntusn, p`hk`jn ami p`hmsgl. Mampui jnhm mifmhmi ymib antnhkujlmi l`lumtmi t`rs`kut mamjmc mifmhmi p`rsmnibmi s`bh`i ymib l`tmt, mifmhmi p`iamtmib kmru, mifmhmi prgaul sukstntusn, mifmhmi p`iniblmtmi l`hmhpumi/l`lumtmi pgsnsn pgsnsn tmwmr p`hmsgl. =. Mifmhmi _`rsmnibmi V`bh`i ^mib L`tmt
V`bh`i t`rt`itu h`ieman tnaml h`imrnl enlm nm t`jmc h`hnjnln p`smnib ymib kmiyml, lumt, mtmu mbr`snd. ;. Mifmhmi _`iamtmib Kmru
Amym tmrnl s`bh`i k`rk`am-k`am h`iurut tnibbniym cmhkmtmi uitul hmsul ami l`jumriym. 6. Mifmhmi _rgaul Vukstntusn
V`bh`i t`rt`itu h`ieman tnaml h`imrnl enlm t`rampmt sukstntusn prgaul ymib mltumj mtmu pgt`isnmj. 1. Mifmhmi _`iniblmtmi L`lumtmi _gsnsn Qmwmr _`hk`jn
V`bh`i t`rt`itu h`ieman tnaml h`imrnl enlm p`hk`jn h`hnjnln l`lumtmi pgsnsn tmwmr (kmrbmninib pgw`r) ymib lumt mtmu s`hmlni h`iniblmt. 0. Mifmhmi _`iniblmtmi L`lumtmi _gsnsn Qmwmr _`hmsgl
V`bh`i t`rt`itu h`ieman tnaml h`imrnl enlm pmrm p`hmsgl p`rusmcmmi hmhpu h`imnllmi cmrbm mtmu h`iburmibn lumitntms ymib h`r`lm pmsgl. ;=
V`kumc p`rusmcmmi p`rju h`ibuhpujlmi nidgrhmsn t`itmibl`lumtmi ami l`j`hmcmi hmsnib-hmsnib p`smnib. H`iurut p`rusmcmmi lgisujtmi Mrtcur A.Jnttj`, s`kumc p`rusmcmmi mlmi h`i`hpmtn smtu an mitmrm `imh pgsnsn lghp`tntnd an amjmh pmsmr smsmrmi k`rnlut nin5 =. Aghnimi.
_`rusmcmmi nin h`ib`iamjnlmi p`rnjmlu p`smnib ymib jmni amih`hnjnln pnjncmi strmt`bns ymib jums. ;.
Lumt
_`rusmcmmi nin knsm h`ibmhknj tniamlmi hmianrn tmipmh`hkmcmymlmi pgsnsn emiblm pmiemibiym ami ampmt h`hp`rtmcmilmi pgsnsn emiblm pmiemibiym mpm pui tniamlmi ymib anjmlulmi gj`c p`smnib. 6. Fulup Kmnl
_`rusmcmmi nin h`hnjnln l`lumtmi ymib knsm anhmidmmtlmi ami p`jumib ymib mam anmtms rmtm-rmtm uitul h`iniblmtlmi pgsnsniym. 1. Fulup
_`rusmcmmi nin h`hnjnln lni`rem pmam tniblmt ymib fulupuitul h`ifmpmn cmsnj h`hums lmi ymib knsm t`rus h`hp`rtmcmilmi amjmh knsins. Imhu, p`rusmcmmi nin mam lmr`im anknmrlmi gj`c p`rusmcmmi ymib aghnimi ami h`hnjnln p`jumib ankmwmc rmtm-rmtm uitul h`iniblmtlmi pgsnsniym. 0.
J`hmc
_`rusmcmmi nin h`hnjnln l`i`rem ymib tnaml h`humslmi,t`tmpn mam p`jumib uitul h`hp`rkmnln. _`rusmcmmi nin cmrus k`rukmc mtmu lmjmu tnaml l`jumr amrn pmsmr. 4. Qnaml K`rp`jumib.
_`rusmcmmi nin h`hnjnln lni`rem ymib tnaml h`humslmiami tml mam p`jumib uitul h`hp`rkmnln. Vmjmc smtu jmiblmc ymib p`itnib s`k`juh h`hujmn knsins mamjmc h`jmlulmi mimjnsm p`rsmnibmi usmcm / mimjnsm lghp`tntgr. Lntm s`kmnliym h`r`vn`w jnt`rmtur amrn lghp`tntgr , uitul h`jncmt kmbmnhmim h`r`lm h`r`pr`s`itmsnlmi usmcm h`r`lm ami s`p`rtn mpm pukjnf nhmb` ymib ankmibui. Na`itndnlmsn [`mlsn _`smnib
[`mlsn _`smnib hmlsuaiym kmbmnhmim pgjm ami strmt`bn p`smnib amjmh h`r`kut s`bh`i pmsmr ymib mam, ami kmbmnhmim p`rusmcmmi hmhpu h`jmlulmi t`rgkgsmit`rgkgsmi kmru amjmh rmiblm h`ibuibbujn _`smnib ymib mam.
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Vtrmt`bn H`ibcmampn _`smnib
Vtrmt`bn amjmh h`ibcmampn p`smnib amjmh p`hmsmrmi mitmrm jmni5 =. Vtrmt`bn _rgaul
_rgaul mamjmc s`bmjm s`sumtu ymib antmwmrlmi an pmsmr mtrnkut s`p`rtn 5 wmrim, kuiblus, pr`stns` p`rusmcmmi s`rtm p`jmymimi p`rusmcmi ymib ank`jn lgisuh`i uitul ampmt h`hk`rnlmi p`hums l`kutucmiiym. Psmcm p`rusmcmi uitul h`ifnptmlmi prgaul ymib knsm h`hk`rnlmi l`pumsmi l`pmam lgisuh`i, l`pumsmi nin ampmt anfnptmlmi a`ibmi k`rkmbmn strmt`bn ymib t`jmc anputuslmi p`rusmcmi s`kmbmn usmcm uitul h`hp`rtmcmilmi l`jmibsuibmi gp`rmsngimjiym amjmh emiblm pmiemib. Psmcm-usmcm t`rs`kut t`rs`kut mitmrm jmni 5
- _`r`ifmimmi prgaul, h`ifmlup s`hum l`bnmtmi prgaus`i ami p`iymjur uitul h`i`itulmi susuimi prgauft jni`, s`cnibbm lgisuh`i mlmi vnsm h`hk`amlmi prgaul ymib smtu a`ibmi jmniiym. Hmlsuaiym p`rusmcmmi mlmi s`jmju h`ibnlutn p`rl`hkmibmi pmsmr, kmrmib ymib antmwmrlmi cmrus ans`hpurimlmi s`k`juh h`ibmamlmi p`rukmcmi kmrmib, nidgrhmsn nin p`rju anluhpujlmi h`jmjun rns`t pmsmr. - _`ib`hkmibmi kmrmib, h`ifmlup l`bnmtmi t`lins t`itmib p`i`jntnmi, p`hkumtmi ami p`r`ifmimmi k`itul prgaul. L`bnmtmi nin ampmt anjmlulmi s`t`jmc h`ibmimjnsns l`kutucmi ami l`nibnimi pmsmr. Enlm p`rhmsmjmcmi nin suamc knsm anmtmsn, hmlm p`rusmcmmi mlmi h`j`knc huamc uni tul h`i`itulmi h`i`itulmi cmrbm, anstrnkusn ami prghgsn. - _`rambmibmi, h`ifmlup s`hum l`bnmtmi p`r`ifmimmi amrn prgaus`i ami p`iymjur uitul h`iy`sumnlmi prgauliym a`ibmi p`rhnitmmi pmsmr. - _`r`ifmimmi prgaul, h`ifmlup s`hum l`bnmtmi prgaus`i ami p`iymjur uitul h`i`itulmi susuimi prgauft jni`, s`cnibbm lgisuh`i mlmi knsm h`hk`amlmi prgaul ymib smtu a`ibmi jmni iym. Hmlsuaiym p`rusmcmmi mlmi s`jmju knsm h`ibnlutn p`rl`hkmibmi pmsmr, kmrmib ymib antmwmrlmi cmrus ans`hpurimlmi s`k`juh h`ibmamlmi p`rukmcmi kmrmib, nidgrhmsn nin p`rl anluhpujlmi h`jmjun rns`t pmsmr. - _`ib`hkmibmi kmrmib, h`ifmlup l`bnmtmi t`lins t`itmib p`i`jntnmi, p`hkumtmi ami p`r`ifmimmi k`itul prgaul. L`bnmtmi nin ampmt anjmlulmi s`t`jmc h`ibmimjnsns l`kutucmi ami l`nibnimi pmsmr. Enlm p`rhmsmjmcmi nin suamc ampmt anmtmsn, hmlm p`rusmcmmi mlmi j`knc huamc h`i`itulmi h`i`itulmi cmrbm, anstrnkusn ami prghgsn. - _`rambmibmi, h`ifmlup s`hum l`bnmtmi p`r`ifmimmi amrn prgaus`i ami p`iymjur uitul h`iy`sumnlmi prgauliym a`ibmi p`rhnitmmi pmsmr.
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KMK NNN _@IPQP_
6.= L`snhpujmi
L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd mamjmc strmt`bn ymib anjmlulmi gj`c sumtu p`rusmcmmi uitul h`ibusmn pmsmr amjmh rmiblm h`ifmrn jmkm ymib hmlsnhuh. L`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd ymib k`rjmieut mlmi h`hkumt l`uibbujmi ymib tnaml huamc antnru, ymib h`hkumt sumtu p`rusmcmmi ampmt h`r`kut ami h`hp`rtmcmilmi pgsnsniym pgsnsn iym s`kmbmn pnhpnimi pmsmr. Lmr`im sndmtiym ymib tnaml huamc antnru, l`uibbujmi k`rsmnib ymib k`rl`jmieutmi ampmt h`iauluib l`suls`smi sumtu p`rusmcmmi uitul emiblm wmltu ymib jmhm.V`cnibbm p`rusmcmmi eubm knsm h`ifmpmn l`uituibmi ymib ymib ancmrmplmi. Vtrmt`bn ymib anbuimlmi amjmh l`uibbujmi k`rsmnib mam 6 e`ins ymntu Fgst j`ma`rscnp strmt`by, andd`r`isnmsn strmt`bn ami Dgfus Vtrmt`by . Anhmim amrn l`tnbm strmt`bn t`rs`kut knsm h`hkumt lntm h`ifmpmn sumtu l`mammi l`uibbujmi k`rsmnib . V`tnmp Vtrmt`bn h`hpuiymn l`j`hmcmi ami l`j`kncmi hmsnib ‖ hmsnib hmsnib hmlm sumtu p`rusmcmmi enlm nibni t`rus `lsns h`ibumsmn l`uibbujmi k`rsmnib hmlm anm eubm cmrus knsm h`jncmt l`mammi pmsmr ymib t`rus k`rl`hkmib s`sumn a`ibmi l`hmeumi t`ligjgbn. 6.; Vmrmi
Amjmh h`ifmrn l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd, p`rusmcmmi j`knc kmnl uitul h`ib`hkmiblmi ami h`ib`lspjgntmsn h`ib`lspjgntmsn suhk`r amym amym ami lmpmknjntms uinliym uinliym ankmianib uibbuj pmam kmbmnhmim h`inru suhk`r amym ami lmpmknjntms amrn p`rusmcmmi jmni. Nin tnaml h`ibnhpjnlmsnlmi kmcwm p`rusmcmmi cmrus s`jmju h`ieman p`ibb`rml p`rtmhm uitul h`iampmtlmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd. K`k`rmpm p`rusmcmmi h`ib`hkmiblmi suhk`r amym ami lmpmknjntms ymib k`rinjmn, emrmib ami hmcmj antnru s`kmbmn p`ibb`rml l`aum ymib `dnsn`i, ymntu h`ibnhntmsn f`pmt ami h`iniblmtlmi nigvmsn prgaul ami t`ligjgbn amrn p`rusmcmmi jmni. Kulmiiym h`iymrmilmi kmcwm p`rusmcmmi cmrus s`jmju h`ieman p`ibbmrml p`rtmhm, pmiamibmi k`rkmsns suhk`r amym h`iuieullmi kmcwm uitul h`iampmtlmi l`uibbujmi lghp`tntnd, p`rusmcmmi cmrus h`ibnhpj`h`itmsnlmi strmt`bn ymib h`iamsmrlmi pmam suhk`r amym ami lmpmknjntms ymib k`rinjmn, emrmib ami hmcmj antnru, mpmpui strmt`bn mtmu suhk`r amymiym. amymiym.
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KMK NT AMDQM[ _PVQMLM
Vuhk`r Nit`ri`t 5
cttp5//lujnmchmrl`t.wgrapr`ss.fgh/;?=0/?3/=3/fghp`tntnv`-mavmitmb`-strmt`enl/ cttp5//azmrnmtussmincmc.kjgbspgt.fg.na/;?=1/?6/hmlmjmc-snh.cthj cttp5//rmlchmthmjnl.kjgbspgt.fg.na/;?=6/?0/mimjnsm-p`smnib-pmam-hmrl`tnib p`hmsmrmi.cthj cttp5//lmhnjuszmhmi.kjgbspgt.fg.na/;?=1/==/strmt`bn-h`ifmpmn-l`uibbujmi-k`rsmnib.cthj cttp5//rgimwmemc.wgrapr`ss.fgh/;??2/?4/;4/l`uibbujmi-lghp`tntnd/„„ cttp5//rgimwmemc.wgrapr`ss.fgh/;??2/?4/;4/l`uibbujmi-lghp`tntnd/ cttp5//hmiestrmt`bn.kjgbspgt.fg.na/;?=0/=;/l`uibbujmi-k`rsmnib.cthj
Vuhk`r [`dr`isn Kulu 5
- Lgtj`r, _cnjnp mia l`jj`r, Mhstrgib. R.E. (;??3). Hmrl`tnib Hmimb`h`it. I`w E`rs`y 5 _r`itnf` Cmjj. - Lgtj`r, _cnjnp ami M.K Vusmitg. (=>>>). Hmime`h`i _`hmsmrmi an Niagi`snm. Emlmrtm 5 Vmj`hkm @hpmt, =>>> - _cnjnp Lgtj`r ami MK. Vusmitg, _`hmsmrmi an Niagi`snm, (=>>>5 ;0=)
Dnj` _AD5
- `ta.r`pgsntgry.ubh.mf.na/agwijgma `ta.r`pgsntgry.ubh.mf.na/agwijgmadnj`/21=6>/.../V;-;?=1-6;2;3 dnj`/21=6>/.../V;-;?=1-6;2;36-fcmpt`r0.pad 6-fcmpt`r0.pad
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