MAKALAH FARMAKOGNOSI
Minyak Lemak
Disusun oleh : Jessica Maria Kalonica Kusuma%ar&ani Lis*a Roro Marsu&i Sekar +rames*i Ar*ha ,ahra Meilia Nisa
1!"#!$#1 1!"'(!)1 1!"'(1$# 1!"'(!# 1!"#!$!
FAK-L.AS FARMASI -NI/0RSI.AS INDON0SIA )!1#
Da*ar Isi
Daftar Isi .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ....................................2 .............2 BAB I – PENDAHULUAN 1. LAT LATAR BELAKANG. BELAKANG..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. .................. ....................3 ..........3 2. TUJUAN TUJUAN .......... ............... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. ................... ...................3 .........3 BAB II – PEMBAHASAN 12 Ol!" Ri#i$i .............................................................. ............................................................................ ........................ ..........% % )2 Ol!" Li$i ............................................................ ............................................................................ ............................. .............& & 2 Ol!" Oli'ar!" ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................11 .............11 #2 Ol!" Ara#(i)is ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................1% .............1% $2 S*+ ,a$ Oil ............................................................ ....................................................................................... ........................... 1"2 Ol!" G*ss+ii S"i$is ....................................................................21 ....................................................................21 (2 Ol!" Ssa"i ........................................... .................................................................. ..........................................23 ...................23 32 Ol!" A"+/)alar!" ......................................................................... ......................................................................... 20 '2 Prsi# Oil Ari#*t r$l Oil .............................................................2.............................................................21!2 Ol!" *#*s ............................................ ................................................................... ....................................... ...................24 ...24 112 Ol!" Ma+)is Ma +)is ............................................................. .................................................................................... ....................... 31 1)2 Ol!" (a!l"*/ra ............................................................................ ............................................................................ 32 12 r*t*$ Oil ........................................... .................................................................. ................................................30 .........................30 1#2 P!"i$ s) Oil ....................................................... ..................................................................... ........................ ..........35 35 1$2 as(6 $!t Oil ............................................................ ................................................................................... ....................... 31"2 Ol!" a#a* ............................................ ................................................................... ....................................... ...................07 ...07 1(2 Ol!" I#*ris .............................................. ..................................................................................... ....................................... 02 132 A)s La$a .............................................. ..................................................................... ......................................... ..................0% 0%
BAB III – PENUTUP ............................................ ................................................................... ........................................ ................. 1. KESIMPULAN KESIMPULAN .......... ............... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................. ................ ...... 02. SARAN SARAN .......... ............... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................... ............... ..... 0& DA8TAR DA8TAR PUSTAKA PUSTAKA ................................................................. ............................................................................... ............................ .............. 04
BAB I PEMBUKA 1212 La*ar 4elakan5 8ar"a*/$*si "r!aa$ sala( sat! il"! +a$/ ""la9ari t$ta$/ ,a/ia$:
,a/ia$ ta$a"a$ ata! (6a$ +a$/ )aat )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai *,at ala"i +a$/ tla(
2
Da*ar Isi
Daftar Isi .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ....................................2 .............2 BAB I – PENDAHULUAN 1. LAT LATAR BELAKANG. BELAKANG..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. .................. ....................3 ..........3 2. TUJUAN TUJUAN .......... ............... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. ................... ...................3 .........3 BAB II – PEMBAHASAN 12 Ol!" Ri#i$i .............................................................. ............................................................................ ........................ ..........% % )2 Ol!" Li$i ............................................................ ............................................................................ ............................. .............& & 2 Ol!" Oli'ar!" ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................11 .............11 #2 Ol!" Ara#(i)is ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................1% .............1% $2 S*+ ,a$ Oil ............................................................ ....................................................................................... ........................... 1"2 Ol!" G*ss+ii S"i$is ....................................................................21 ....................................................................21 (2 Ol!" Ssa"i ........................................... .................................................................. ..........................................23 ...................23 32 Ol!" A"+/)alar!" ......................................................................... ......................................................................... 20 '2 Prsi# Oil Ari#*t r$l Oil .............................................................2.............................................................21!2 Ol!" *#*s ............................................ ................................................................... ....................................... ...................24 ...24 112 Ol!" Ma+)is Ma +)is ............................................................. .................................................................................... ....................... 31 1)2 Ol!" (a!l"*/ra ............................................................................ ............................................................................ 32 12 r*t*$ Oil ........................................... .................................................................. ................................................30 .........................30 1#2 P!"i$ s) Oil ....................................................... ..................................................................... ........................ ..........35 35 1$2 as(6 $!t Oil ............................................................ ................................................................................... ....................... 31"2 Ol!" a#a* ............................................ ................................................................... ....................................... ...................07 ...07 1(2 Ol!" I#*ris .............................................. ..................................................................................... ....................................... 02 132 A)s La$a .............................................. ..................................................................... ......................................... ..................0% 0%
BAB III – PENUTUP ............................................ ................................................................... ........................................ ................. 1. KESIMPULAN KESIMPULAN .......... ............... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................. ................ ...... 02. SARAN SARAN .......... ............... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................... ............... ..... 0& DA8TAR DA8TAR PUSTAKA PUSTAKA ................................................................. ............................................................................... ............................ .............. 04
BAB I PEMBUKA 1212 La*ar 4elakan5 8ar"a*/$*si "r!aa$ sala( sat! il"! +a$/ ""la9ari t$ta$/ ,a/ia$:
,a/ia$ ta$a"a$ ata! (6a$ +a$/ )aat )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai *,at ala"i +a$/ tla(
2
"l6ati ,r,a/ai "a#a" !9i srti !9i far"a*)i$a"i !9i t*si*l*/i )a$ !9i ,i*far"astia. Stla( Stla( "$/ta(!i "$/ta(!i "$/$ai "*rf*l*/i ta$a"a$ "aa rl! )ita(!i !la a$)!$/a$:a$)!$/a$ "i$+a atsiri )a$ 9!/a a$)!$/a$ "i$+a l"a +a$/ tr)aat a)a s!at! ta$a"a$. Ol( ar$a it! a)a "aala( i$i aa$ )i9lasa$ "$/$ai a$)!$/a$ "i$+a l"a +a$/ tr)aat )ala" ,,raa ta$a"a$. Lii) a)ala( sl*"* s$+a6a (tr*/$ "li!ti l"a "i$+a str*i) "ala" ;wax ;wax< < )a$ s$+a6a trait +a$/ ,raita$ l,i( ar$a sifat fisi$+a )aria)a sifat i"ia$+a. Lii) ""ilii sifat rlatif ti)a lar!t )ala" air )a$ lar!t )ala" lar!t $*$*lar "isal$+a tr )a$ l*r*f*". Lii) Lii) )ilasi )ilasifi fiasi asia$ a$ "$9a)i "$9a)i lii) lii) s)r( s)r(a$a a$a )a$ lii) lii) *"l *"ls. s. Lii) Lii) s)r(a$a "r!aa$ str asa" l"a )$/a$ ,r,a/ai al*(*l s)a$/a$ lii) *"ls "r!aa$ str asa" l"a +a$/ "$/a$)!$/ /!/!s:/!/!s slai$ al*(*l )a$ asa" l"a. Pr,)aa$ !ta"a a$tara l"a "i$+a l"a )$/a$ "ala" a)ala( ti al*(*l$+a al*(*l$+a +ait! al*(*l "i$+a )a$ "i$+a "i$+a l"a a)ala( /lisr*l /lisr*l s)a$/a$ "ala" a)ala( stilal*(*l. Mi$+a L"a ;Ola Pi$/!ia< a)ala( #a"!ra$ s$+a6a asa" l"a ,rs!! ti$//i )$/a$ /lisri$ ;/lisri)a asa" l"a ,rs!! ti$//i<. S+arat:s+arat "i$+a l"a a$tara lai$ = ,r!a ,r!a #aira$ 9r$i( ata! "assa a)at +a$/ "$9a)i 9r$i( )i atas s!(! l,!r$+a ti)a ,r,a! asi$/ ata! t$/i> #!ali )i$+ataa$ lai$ "!)a( lar!t )ala" )ala" l*r*f l*r*f*" *" tr tr )a$ tr "i$+a "i$+a ta$a(> ta$a(> ""$! ""$!(i (i s+arat: s+arat:s+a s+arat rat "i$+a "i$+a "i$ral "i$ral "i$+a "i$+a (arsa (arsa )a$ "i$+a "i$+a:"i :"i$+a $+a asi$/ asi$/ lai$$+ lai$$+a a s$+a6a s$+a6a ,lra$ ,lra$/ / )a$ l*/a" ,rat.
12)
.u6uan +enulisan .u6uan +enulis an Ka"i "$!lis "aala( i$i )$/a$ t!9!a$ !$t! "$9lasa$ a)a ",a#a
"$/$ai ,a/ia$ "*rf*l*s/i t!",!(a$ s,ara$ ta$a"a$ $/(asil "i$+a l"a 9$is:9$is "i$+a l"a #ara "",!at "i$+a l"a a$)!$/a$ )ala" "i$+a l"a )a$ (asiat )ari "i$+a l"a. 12 7Rumusan 7Rumusan Masalah Maala( i$i aa$ "",a(as t$ta$/ a$)!$/a$ "i$+a l"a ;lii)a< a)a
ta$a"a$:ta$a"a$ +a$/ ""ilii (asiat trs,!t ,srta #*$t*( )a$ si"lisia$+a. 12# Me*o&e 8eneli*ian 8eneli*ian
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Mt*)*l*/i $litia$ +a$/ )i/!$aa$ )ala" $+!s!$a$ "aala( i$i +ait! )$/a$ "$//!$aa$ st!)i litrat!r. St!)i litrat!r )ir*l( "lal!i )!a s!",r +ait! ,!! ts far"a*/$*si )a$ sit!s i$tr$t. P$!lis "",a(as a9ia$ "atri s#ara l,i( "$)ala" ss!ai )$/a$ s!",r +a$/ )ir*l(. 12$
Sis*ema*ika +enya6ian Maala( Maala( i$i tr)iri )ari ti/a ,a,. Ba, I ,risi $)a(!l!a$ $)a(!l!a$ +a$/ +a$/ tr)iri )ari
latar ,laa$/ t!9!a$ $!lisa$ ",atasa$ "asala( )a$ sist"atia $+a9ia$. Ba, II ,risi isi "aala(. Ba, III ,risi $!t! +a$/ tr)iri )ari si"!la$ )a$ sara$.
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4A4 II +0M4AHASAN 12 Oleum Ricini 9Sekar +rames*i Ar*ha 1!"'(!#
A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" = Pla$ta – la$tsla$ta'/talla$ts S!,i$/)*" = ?iri)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts I$fai$/)*" = Strt*(+ta – la$) la$ts Di'isi*$ = Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts tra#(*(+ts S!,)i'isi*$ = Sr"at*(+ti$a – sr"at*(+ts s) la$ts (a$r*/a"s I$fra)i'isi*$ = A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts a$/i*sr"s la$tas #*" fl*r a$/i*sr"a la$ts a fl!rs a$/i*sr"s la$ts a fr!its lass = Ma/$*li*si)a S!r*r)r = R*sa$a Or)r = Mali/(ials 8a"il+ = E!(*r,ia#a – s!r/ !(*r,s G$!s = Ricinus L. S#is = Ricinus communis L. – #ast*r ,a$ a/ali+a la"a ala/i "asr!r t*t* $i 'a'ala/i !l!#(!la s*i #ast*r,a$ S!",r= ;(tt=@@666.itis./*'@sr'lt@Si$/lRt@Si$/lRt sar#(t*i#CTSNsar#('al!C2&343< B.
P$+,ara$
= Ta$a"a$ ,rasal )ari I$)ia. Dir,!$a$ )a$ s#ara st$sif )i I$)ia A"ria Slata$ Afria Er*a Slata$ I$)*$sia.
.
Si"lisia
= Bi9i +a$/ s!)a( "asa )iri$/a$ ;Ri#i$i S"$<
5
D. P"ria$
= aira$$tal 9r$i( 6ar$a !$i$/ !#at "a$is "!)ia$ a/a )as !"!"$+a ""!ala$
E.
=
M*rf*l*/i
iri ta$a"a$
= Ta$a"a$ ,r!a ta$a"a$ sta(!$ +a$/ t!",!( a)a ili" s)a$/ +a$/ ti$//i$+a sa"ai 1% " )i )ara( tr*is.
Aar = t!$//a$/ Bata$/ = L!$a sili$)ris ,r!as t/a#*lat ,ir!a$ r"!aa$ (al!s Da!$ = Brta$/ai a$9a$/ trs!s!$ ,rsla$/:sli$/ ti ,r/ri/i B!a( = Br!a ,!a( as!l #il tr)iri )ari 3 r!a$/ Bi9i = B$t! ,!lat tl!r:liti#!s a)a$/:a)a$/ trta$ ;ii(< a$9a$/ &1& #" t,al 0:-% #"> 8.
iri "i$+a = Ol!" Ri#i$i ,r6ar$a !$i$/ !#at ata! (a"ir ti)a ,r6ar$a tra$sara$ )$/a$ ,a! +a$/ l"a(. Rasa sat )a$ ,iasa$+a trasa "!al
G. Ta$a"a$asal
= Ricinuscommunis
H. Ka$)!$/a$ i"ia
= Glisri)a )ari asa" risi$*lat /lisi)a asa" *lat asa" li$*lat asa":asa" 9$!( ,i9i "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a l"a 0%:%% 27 r*ti$ "$/a$)!$/ /l*,!li$ al,!"i$ $!l* al,!"i$ /li*r*ti$ )a$ ri#i$ ;t*sal,!"i$< alal*i) ri#i$i$ str +a$/ tr)iri )ari "til al*(*l )a$ asa" ri#i$i$i /!la Fat a(it rsi$ /*".
I.
Ka$)!$/a$
= Glisri)a )ari asa" risi$*lat /lisi)a asa" *lat asa" li$*lat asa":asa" 9$!( lai$$+a.
J.
ara ""r*l(
= Mi$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ )i$/i$ ,i9i +a$/ s)a$/ )i!as.
K. ara ",!ata$ = D$/a$ #ara $/rsa$ "$//!$aa$ alat )*rtiat*r +a$/ • )il$/ai r*llr )a$ isa! "*t*$/. Mi$+a )istrasi )$/a$ !a air !$t! ""#a(a$ al,!"i$ )isari$/ )a$ )ila!a$ ,la#(i$/ ;"!ti(a$<. P$/rsa$ )i$/i$ ;#*l):rss)< s#ara $/rsa$ (i)r*li • "$/(asila$ 57 "i$+a +a$/ ,r6ar$a tra$/ "!t! +a$/ ,ai. Sisa "i$+a )istrasi )$/a$ lar!t "$/(asila$ 6ar$a • +a$/ /la.
6
•
L.
Bi9i 9ara )i9"!r sla"a )!a (ari stla( it! )i#a(a$ !$t! ""isa(a$ )a/i$/ )a$ !lit ,i9i 9ara. Da/i$/ ,i9i 9ara )i/ili$ )a$ )iras.Ti/a il*/ra" ,i9i 9ara "$/(asila$ sat! litr "i$+a 9ara.
K$//!$aa$
= P$#a(ar ; (ati:(ati a)a 6a$ita +a$/ s)a$/ (a"il ata! s)a$/ (ai) <. Ja$/a$ )i#a"!r )$/a$ *,at #a#i$/ +a$/ )aat lar!t )ala" "i$+a (air t*$i# s,a/ai #at(arti#a i$)!stri sa,!$
M. P"ria$
=aira$ $tal 9r$i( 6ar$a !$i$/ !#at Ma$is "!)ia$ a/a )as !"!"$+a ""!ala$
N. S)iaa$
= Ol!" Ri#i$iar*"ati#!"
O. P$+i"a$a$
= Dala" 6a)a( trt!t! ,ai trisi $!(
P. Pr*)!
= Ri*)i$ i*)i$at) #ast*r *il. S*ri)i$ /ara" $atri!" )ari asa" risi$*lat.
S!",r= 1. Pa$itia 8ar"a* I$)*$sia.14&2. Farmakope Indonesia edisi III.Jaarta=K*ri s!, !$it )irt*rat 9$)ral $/a6asa$ *,at )a$ "aa$a$ ;(ala"a$ 0%4< 2. Pa$itia 8ar"a* I$)*$sia.14&2. Farmakope Indonesia edisi IV.Jaarta=K*ri s!, !$it )irt*rat 9$)ral $/a6asa$ *,at )a$ "aa$a$ ;(ala"a$ 531< 3. (tt=@@,**s./**/l.#*.i)@,**s i)C3SAAAAAAJ/CPA2&2)C*l!"ri#i$i(lC$saCiC%B &?OSEE51!ASR%0LAr)irs#C+ 4. R$$iJa"s. A new supplement to the pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburh, !ublin
)2 Oleum Lini 9Sekar +rames*i Ar*ha 1!"'(!# 7
A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" S!,i$/)*" I$frai$/)*" Di'isi*$ S!,)i'isi*$
= Pla$ta – la$ts Pla$ta ?/tal la$ts = ?iri)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts = Strr*(+ta – la$) la$ts = Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts tra#(*(+ts = Sr"at*(+ti$a – sr"at*(+ts s) la$ts (a$r*/a"s I$fra)i'isi*$ = A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts a$/i*sr"s la$tas #*" fl*r a$/i*sr"a la$ts a fl!rs a$/i*sr"s la$ts a fr!its lass = "anoliopsida S!r*r)r = Rosanae Or)r = "alpihiales 8a"il+ = Linaceae # fla G$!s = Linum L. : fla S#is = Linum usitatissimum L. $ #!lti'at) fla #*""*$ fla Si"lisia = ,i9i +a$/ s!)a( "asa )a$ )iri$/a$
S!",r = ;(tt=@@666.itis./*'@sr'lt@Si$/lRt@Si$/lRt sar#(t*i#CTSNsar#('al!C24225< B. M*rf*l*/i Ta$a"a$ ,i9i ra"i "r!aa$ (r,a sat! ta(!$a$ +a$/ t/a ti$//i "$#aai 1.2 ". Bata$/ ii( t/a ,iasa$+a s*litr ta$a"a$ +a$/ )ita$a" )ari ,i9i ,iasa$+a l,i( $)/!$)!l (i9a! a,!a$. Da!$ trs!s!$ ,rt*la ,laa$/ (i$//a siral ti)a ,rta$/ai (laia$ )a!$ "$9*r*$/ s"it ""ita ata! ""ita:la$st /!$)!l (i9a! a,!a$. Pr,!$/aa$ )i!9!$/ )$/a$ ,!$/a +a$/ trs!s!$ ,rla6a$a$ )$/a$ )a!$> )i#l t/a a$9a$/ 1: 3.% #". B!$/a ,iss!al a/a "",$t! #aar )i a$/al$+a 6ar$a !ti( (i$//a ,ir! !#at ata! ,ir! !$/! )$/a$ ,i$ti "ra( "!ra.
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B!a( as!l "",!lat "asi$/ : "asi$/ tr,a/i *l( laisa$ tiis tia l*#!l ,risi 2 ,i9i tia ,!a( "$/a$)!$/ 17 ,i9i. Bi9i ii( !$i$/ (i$//a #*lat t!a . Ta$a"a$asal
= Linumutitassimum
D. Ba/ia$ ta$a"a$ = Bi9i = M$/(asila$ *l!" li$i +a$/ )i/!$aa$ i$)!stri far"asi sa,!$ )a$ #at. Ka$)!$/a$ i"ia ,i9i = • Mi$+a l"a 37:07 • Pr*ti$ 2 • S)iit "!#ila/* Bi9i "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a ti)a "$/!a ti)a !ra$/ )ari 37 lar!t )ala" tr ti)a l,i( )ari 2 +a$/ ti)a trsa,!$a$.
E. Ka$)!$/a$
= Glisri)a )ari asa" l"a ta 9$!( = asa" Li$*l$at ;27:57 < Asa" Li$*lat ;%:23 < Asa" Olat ;10:3% < )a$ /lisri)a )ari Asa" l"a ti)a 9$!( = asa" al"itat Asa" starat asa" "iristi$at ;%:11<.
8. ara ""r*l(
= Jia ,!a( "asa ta$a"a$ )i*t*$/ ,i9i )iiisa(a$ )i,rsi(a$ )iltaa$ )i t"at ri$/. Bi9i "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a l"a 37:07 r*ti$ 2% )a$ s)iit "!sila/*. Bi9i )i(a$#!ra$ !$t! "lasa$ !lit$+a K"!)ia$ )iras )$/a$ "rasa$ (i)r*li. Di Er*a)iras)$/a$#ara)i$/i$ )i USA )$/a$#araa$asa)as!(! &% : 4% Di"!r$ia$)$/a$$a",a(a$asa" s!lfat 1:2 *t*ra$aa$"$/$)a Di#!#i)$/a$ air ata!a!sti s*)
G. ara P",!ata$ = Bi9i )ari ,!a( +a$/ tla( "asa )iisa(a$ )a$ )i#!#i. Mi$+a )ir*l( )$/a$ #ara $/rsa$ )$/a$ Ta$a$ (i)r*li a)a$/: a)a$/ )ii!ti strasi lar!t "!)ia$ )ila!a$ "a$asa$
D0SKRI+SI MIN;AK Ol!" li$i ,r!a "i$+a #air +a$/ ,6ar$a !$i$/ ,r,a! (as )a$ rasa ti)a $a. Bila )isi"a$ )i !)ara tr,!a #at "$9a)i $tal )a$ 6ar$a$+a l,i( /la
9
H. Ma$faat = Mi$+a )ari ,i9i ra"i )i/!$aa$ 9!/a !$t! "",!at sa,!$ ti$ta #ta r$is #at "i$+a )a$ 9!/a !$t! "",!at laisa$ 9as (!9a$ S9!"la( ra"i tla( )i!9i !$t! "$)aata$ a$)!$/a$ "i$+a +a$/ ti$//i )a$ ,/!$a !$t! *$s!"si "a$!sia . S,a/ai ,a/ia$ )ari trai !$t! = "$9/a( $+ait 9a$t!$/ s(ata$ !lit )a$ !! "$#/a( )a$ "$/(a$#!ra$ ,at! ")!= "asala( i$frtilitas i"*t$ $+ri (ai) )a$ $)r*"itri*sis +ait! /a$//!a$ a)a s+araf *ta ;tr"as! a!tis ADHD AlF(i"r )a$r!saa$ saraf ai,at )ia,ts< *$stiasi )a$ )i'rti!litis ;,is!:,is!l )$/a$ ra)a$/a$a)a !s!s<. Mi$+a ,i9i ra"i 9!/a "",a$t! "$i$/ata$ r*ss tra$s"isi i"!ls saraf *ta. I.
K/!$aa$
= Dala" 8ar"asi = S,a/ai P$#a(ar )*sis 1% :37 "L 9ara$/ )i/!$aa$ ar$a rasa ti)a $a ;)i/!$aa$ a)a tr$a !)a )ll.<. S,a/ai *,at l!ar= U$t! l!a ,aar si" )a$ s*riasis. Dala" ",!ata$ sa,!$ = M)i#i$al s*ft )a$ li$i"$t. Di Msir )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai ,a(a$ "aa$a$ ;tr!ta"a +a$/ ,rasal )ari Er*a< A"as )ari ,i9i +a$/ )iras "asi( "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a l"a +a$/ "asi( #!! 9!/a r*ti$ "aa sri$/ )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai "aa$a$ tr$a.
J. P"ria$
= aira$ 6ar$a !$i$/ ata! (a"ir ti)a ,r6ar$a ,a! (as l"a( rasa ti)a $a. Jia $a !)ara "$9a)i $tal 6ar$a l,i( /la ,a! )a$ rasa l,i( ta9a" tr,$t! laisa$ tiis +a$/ ras )a$ 9r$i( ;'r$is<.
K. P$+i"a$a$
= Dala" 6a)a( trt!t! ,ai
S!",r = 1. (tt=@@,**s./**/l.#*.i)@,**s i)C3SAAAAAAJ/CPA2&2)C*l!"li$i(lC$saCiC% B&?OSEE51!ASR%0LAr)irs#C+ %. R$$iJa"s. A new supplement to the pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburh, !ublin
10
2 Oleum Oli
A.
Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" = Pla$ta – la$ts Pla$ta ?/tal la$ts S!,i$/)*" = ?iri)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts I$frai$/)*" = Strr*(+ta – la$) la$ts Di'isi*$ = Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts tra#(*(+ts S!,)i'isi*$ = Sr"at*(+ti$a – sr"at*(+ts s) la$ts (a$r*/a"s I$fra)i'isi*$ = A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts a$/i*sr"s la$tas #*" fl*r a$/i*sr"a la$ts a fl!rs a$/i*sr"s la$ts a fr!its lass = "anoliopsida S!r*r)r = Asteranae Or)r = Lamiales 8a"il+ = &leaceae # *li's G$!s = &lea L. : *li' S#is = &lea europaea L. $ *li' Si"lisia = Bi9i +a$/ s!)a( "asa )a$ )iri$/a$ S!",r= ;(tt=@@666.itis./*'@sr'lt@Si$/lRt@Si$/lRt sar#(t*i#CTSNsar#('al!C324&4< B. . •
•
•
•
Ta$a"a$ asal
= &leaeuropea ;L.<
M*rf*l*/i = T!",!( s,a/ai r)! )a$ ,r!a *(*$ #il +a$/ slal! (i9a! 4uah Br!a ,!a( ,at! ;,!a( )r!a< )$/a$ ,i9i ""ilii $)*sr"a. B!a( "!)a ,r6ar$a (i9a! )a$ ,r6ar$a !$/! 9ia s!)a( "asa ;"!lai ,r,!a( saat ,r!"!r li"a ta(!$< Daun Da!$ t!$//al )$/a$ )!)!a$ ,r(a)aa$ 4un5a Br,$t! l*$#$/ ,r!!ra$ #il )a$ ,r6ar$a !ti(. Mr!aa$ ,!$/a ,a$#i ata! ,rla"i$ t!$//al -sia
11
•
Usia *(*$ Fait!$ )aat "$#aai ri,!a$ ta(!$ s(i$//a +a$/ a)a "!la$+a ,r!a r)! )aat "$9a)i *(*$ ,sar )$/a$ ti$//i "$#aai 17 ". Ha=i*a* Ta$a"a$ i$i ,rasal )ari Palsti$a. Distri,!si$+a "li!ti )ara(:)ara( ili" a$as sa"ai ili" s)a$/. K,a$+aa$ 9$is$+a )aat )it"!i )i Asia )a$ )ara( La!t T$/a(. Minyak ,ai*un Mi$+a ,r!a "i$+a #air ,r6ar$a !$i$/ "!)a ata! !$i$/ tra$/ (i9a!a$ ,a! (as l"a( rasa la"a la"aa$ ,rasa a(it Mi$+a )aat ,r#a"!r )$/a$ tr ar,*$ )is!lfi)a )a$ l*r*f*r". Na"!$ s!ar lar!t )ala" al*(*l. B*,*t 9$is$+a a)ala( 7417 :741% a)a s!(! 2% * Bila )i)i$/i$a$ "$9a)i r!( )a$ a)a s!(! 7 * ,iasa$+a tr,$t! /ra$!l !ti(:!ti(a$
D. Si"lisia = Ola !r*a ri#ari!" )ari ,!a( +a$/ s!)a( "asa ata! • riari!" ta$a )iisa(a$ $)*ari!"$+a. Mi$+a +a$/ )i(asila$ )ala" r)a/a$/a$ tr)aat ,r"a#a":"a#a" • "!t! "!r$ia$ tr/a$t!$/ a)a #ara ",!ata$. M$!r!t ti$/at "!r$ia$$+a tr)aat 0 9$is "i$+a Fait!$= • 1. Extra Virgin 2. Virgin 3. Extracted and Refined 0. Pomace Minyak >ai*un Extra Virgin 9 Extra Virgin Olive Oil < Dir*l( )ari Fait!$ !alitas $*"*r 1. Di(asila$ (a$+a )$/a$ rasa$ rta"a )a$ ti)a l,i(. Ti$/at asa"a$$+a ti)a l,i( )ari 1. Rasa )a$ ar*"a ,!a($+a !at. J$is "i$+a Fait!$ i$i sa$/at )ia$9!ra$ !$t! s(ata$. ar$a$+a (i9a!:(i9a!a$ )a$ ss!ai !$t! )i9a)ia$ sa!s sala) ;)aat )i*$s!"si s#ara la$/s!$/<. Minyak >ai*un Virgin 9Virgin Olive Oil < Dir*ss s#ara "a$i )$/a$ "t*) rasa$ ti)a "$//!$aa$ a$as Dia",il )ari ,!a( Fait!$ +a$/ l,i( "ata$/ s(i$//a ti$/at asa"a$$+a a/a ti$//i )i,a$)i$/a$ Etra ?ir/i$ +a$i ,risar 1 sa"ai %. Br6ar$a (i9a! !$i$/a$. Biasa )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai #a"!ra$ "asaa$ ata! (i)a$/a$ t!"isa$ ;)aat )i*$s!"si s#ara la$/s!$/<. Minyak >ai*un Extracted and Refined Di)aata$ )ari #a"!ra$ )ari "i$+a Fait!$ (asil s!li$/a$ )a$ "i$+a Fait!$ ?ir/i$ t$i $+!li$/a$ )ala" ",!ata$ "i$+a Fait!$ i$i
12
"$//!$aa$ a$as )a$ lar!t ar,*$ )is!lfi)a. A)a!$ $a",a(a$ "i$+a Fait!$ ?ir/i$ )isi$i )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai $/!at rasa. Ti$/at asa"a$ "i$+a Fait!$ i$i ,risar 3 sa"ai 0. Mi$+a Fait!$ i$i ,iasa$+a )iaai !$t! ""asa.
Minyak >ai*un Pomace Mi$+a Fait!$ 'omace )i,!at )$/a$ strasi i"ia )ari rsi)! +a$/ trsisa stla( rasa$ )a$ "r*ssa$ )!a. Ti$/at asa"a$$+a %:17 "i$+a Fait!$ ?ir/i$ 9!/a )ita",a(a$ s,a/ai $/!at rasa )a$ ar*"a "i$+a Fait!$. Mi$+a Fait!$ i$i ,iasa$+a )iaai s,a/ai ,a(a$ ,a! r*)! #a$tia$ sa,!$ s(a"* ata! lai$$+a.
E.
Ka$)!$/a$
= Tri/lisri)a )ari asa" *lat )a$ asa" al"itat /lisri)a asa" li$*lat ,a/ia$ +a$/ ta trsa,!$a$ ,r!a fit*str*l )a$ (i)r*ar,*$s!al$
8.
ara ""r*l(
= Mi$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ ,i9i "asa 9ia rl! )i"!r$ia$
Ke*eran5an : M!t! "i$+a tr,ai )ir*l( )ari ,!a( +a$/ t!a ttai ,l!" "asa ,$ar )a$ tr!s )iras s!a+a "$/(asila$ ?ir/i$ *il. U$t! "aa$a$ +a$/ #!! )i,!at )ari ,!a( +a$/ "asa. M!t! +a$/ r$)a( )ir*l( )ari ,!a(:,!a( +a$/ "$/ala"i fr"$tasi ar$a )it!"!:t!"! )iaai !$t! "",!at sa,!$ ist*r sal )a$ s)iaa$ lai$$+a. J$is )a$ r,)aa$= ?aritasl*$/if*lia =Dir,!$a$ )i Italia )a$Pra$#is ?aritaslatif*lia =Dir,!$a$ )i Sa$+*l ;B!a( l,i( ,sar ttai a)ar "i$+a l,i( s)iit <
1. B!a( )i(ila$/a$ $)*ar$+a )$/a$ #ara "$!",! )a$ )iisa(a$ $)*ar$+a "!)ia$ )ila!a$ $/rsa$ tr(a)a riar$+a 2. P$/rsa$ riar +a$/ ,l!" )i,!a$/ $)*ar$+a
G. Ka$)!$/a$ Ki"ia = Asa" l"a ta 9$!( ;*li# li$*li# li$*l$i#< ;57:&7< • Asa" l"a 9$!( ;al"iti$ sta$i#< • Ara#(i$ • &leocanthoal • 8$*l P*lif$*l asa" f$*lat ;fla'*$*i)< • Hi)r*ar,*$ • ?ita"i$ E • Str*l ;tr!ta"a B:siti*str*l< • B:Kar*t$ a:l*r*fil B:l*r*fil •
13
H. K/!$aa$ = a. U$t! rarat sa,!$ )a$ lstr ,. M$#/a( !lit ri$/ "$9a/a $+ala$ !lit )a$ ""rla",at $!aa$ #. M$/(al!sa$ ri!t )i 6a9a( ). M",ria$ $!trisi a)a ra",!t )a$ "$#/a( r*$t*a$ . M$/$#a$/a$ *t*t:*t*t t!,!( f. A$tii$fla"asi ;a$ti ra)a$/a$< ata! "$/!ra$/i rasa sait )a$ a!a$ a/i (ari ;mornin stiffness< a)a asi$:asi$ r(!"at*i) art(ritis. /. A$ti*si)a$ ;fla'*$*i)< ;"$/!ra$/i f ,!r! si$ar U? *li!si ),! )a$ ra#!$ a)a !lit< (. M$!r!$a$ a)ar *lstr*l 9a(at ;LDL< i. M$/!ata$ ")! )a$ "$#/a( tr9a)i$+a ,at! ")! 9. M$#/a( rasa "!al:"!al "",a$t! tra$s*rtasi "aa$a$ a)a !s!s (al!s )a$ "$/*,ati s",lit. . M$/!ra$/i rsi* sra$/a$ 9a$t!$/ l. ""rla",at ",$t!a$ sl a$r )a$ "$i$/ata$ $/(a$#!ra$ sl a$r
I.
P"ria$
= aira$!$i$/!#atata!!$i$/(i9a!a$ ,a!l"a(ti)at$/i rasa (as6ar$a (i9a!*l(a)a$+al*r*fil. Pa)as!(! r$)a(s,a/ia$ata!sl!r!($+a"",!
J.
P$+i"a$a$
= Dala" 6a)a( trt!t! ,ai
S!",r = 1. Pa$itia 8ar"a* I$)*$sia.14&2. Farmakope Indonesia edisi III.Jaarta=K*ri s!, !$it )irt*rat 9$)ral $/a6asa$ *,at )a$ "aa$a$ ;(ala"a$ 0%&< 2. Pa$itia 8ar"a* I$)*$sia.14&2. Farmakope Indonesia edisi IV.Jaarta=K*ri s!, !$it )irt*rat 9$)ral $/a6asa$ *,at )a$ "aa$a$ ;(ala"a$ 537< 3. (tt=@@,**s./**/l.#*.i)@,**s i)C3SAAAAAAJ/CPA2&2)C*l!"*li'ar!"(lC$saCiC %B&?OSEE51!ASR%0LAr)irs#C+ 4. R$$iJa"s. A new supplement to the pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburh, !ublin
14
#2 Oleum Arachi&is 9Sekar +rames*i Ar*ha 1!"'(!#
A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" S!,i$/)*" I$frai$/)*" Di'isi*$ S!,)i'isi*$
= 'lantae $ la$ts Pla$ta ?/tal la$ts = Viridaeplantae $ /r$ la$ts = (treptoph)ta – la$) la$ts = *racheoph)ta – 'as#!lar la$ts tra#(*(+ts = (permatoph)tina – sr"at*(+ts s) la$ts (a$r*/a"s I$fra)i'isi*$ = Aniospermae $ fl*6ri$/ la$ts a$/i*sr"s la$tas #*" fl*r a$/i*sr"a la$ts a fl!rs a$/i*sr"s la$ts a fr!its lass = "anoliopsida S!r*r)r = Rosanae Or)r = Fabales 8a"il+ = Fabaceae $ as l/!"s G$!s = Arachis L. # a$!t S#is = Arachis h)poeae L. – a$!t
S!",r = ;(tt=@@666.itis./*'@sr'lt@Si$/lRt@Si$/lRt sar#(t*i#CTSNsar#('al!C25053< B. M*rf*l*/i = a 4i6i = Tr)iri )ari )!a i$/ )a$ l",a/a +a$/ tr,!$/!s !lit ,i9i. = 4un5a = B!$/a ,r,$t! !!:!! ,r6ar$a !$i$/ ata! !$i$/ "ra(a$. c Akar = M"!$+ai aar t!$//a$/. Pa)a aar t!",!( ,i$til:,i$til aar ata! $*)!l ,risi ,atri R(+F*,i!" 9a*$i#!". & 4a*an5 : T/a = ti$//i %7 #" ti$//i M$9alar = Pa$9a$/ 1%7#" e 4uah = Br,$t! *l*$/ tr)aat )i )ala" ta$a( ,risi 1 – 0 ,i9i
. Ka$)!$/a$ Ki"ia
=
15
• • • • • •
Glisri)a )ari asa" *lat Li$*lat Asa" al"itat Asa" (i*/at Asa" li/$*srat Asa" arai)at
D. iri "i$+a = Mi$+a +a$/ rasa$+a (al!s !$i$/ "!)a (a"ir – (a"ir ta ,r,a!. Brat 9$is 741% – 7422. I$)s ,ias 10540 – 1 0-2%. E. P$+,ara$ = Ka#a$/ ta$a( "r!aa$ ta$a"a$ a$/a$ ,r!a s"a +a$/ ,rasal )ari A"ria Slata$ tat$+a ,rasal )ari BraFilia. Ka#a$/ Ta$a( i$i rta"a ali "as! I$)*$sia a)a a6al a,a) : 1- )i,a6a *l( )a/a$/ i$a )a$ P*rt!/is 8. Ta$a"a$asal
= Arachish)poaea; L. <
G. Si"lisia
= Dia",il )ari ,!a( +a$/ "asa ata! )ari ,i9i
H. ara ""r*l(
= Mi$+a l"a +a$/ )i*la( )i"!r$ia$ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ ,i9i +a$/ tla( )i!as
1. K!as !lit a#a$/ ta$a( "!)ia$ ,i9i$+a )i9"!r sa"ai ri$/ ,ra)ar air % . 2. Ha$#!ra$ ,i9i a#a$/ ta$a( "$9a)i *t*$/a$:*t*$/a$ asar a/ar ""!)a(a$ $/rsa$. 3. K!!s (a$#!ra$ ,i9i a#a$/ ta$a(. 0. La!a$ $/rsa$ (a$#!ra$ ,i9i a#a$/ ta$a( (asil $/!!sa$ )ala" alat rs (i)r*li ata! slr sa"ai l!ar "i$+a$+a. %. Ta"!$/ "i$+a "!)ia$ )isari$/ !$t! ""r*l( "i$+a "!r$i. I.
K/!$aa$
J. P"ria$
= S,a/ai $//a$ti "i$+a Fait!$ !$t! ",!ata$ "ar/ari$ sa,!$ "a+*$s "i$+a /*r$/ $#!#i "!a lar!t i$9si *,at as"a #a"!ra$ ",!ata$ a)r$ali$ = aira$ ,r6ar$a !$i$/ !#at ,a! (as l"a( rasa ta6ar
K. P"!r$ia$ = Mi$+a a#a$/ ta$a( )i)ia"a$ sla"a s"ala" "!)ia$ )isari$/ • )$/a$ ai$ sari$/ raat ;3 lais<. Stla( it! "i$+a )ia$asa$ a)a s!(! 1%77 sla"a 1% "$it. Sla"a "a$asa$ )ila!a$ $/a)!a$.
16
•
Stla( "a$asa$ "i$+a )i)ia"a$ la/i sla"a s"ala". E$)aa$ +a$/ tr,$t! )i,!a$/ "!)ia$ )isari$/ la/i )$/a$ ai$ sari$/ raat ;3 lais<. Hasil +a$/ )ir*l( a)ala( "i$+a a#a$/ ta$a( +a$/ )aat )isi"a$ la"a.
L. S)iaa$
= 1. Mt(+lis Sali#+latis Li$i"$t!" ;8*r$as< 2. Pr!'ia$i E"!ls!" II ;8*r$as<
M. P$+i"a$a$
= Dala" 6a)a( trt!t! ,ai trisi $!(
S!",r = 1. Pa$itia 8ar"a* I$)*$sia.14&2. Farmakope Indonesia edisi III.Jaarta=K*ri s!, !$it )irt*rat 9$)ral $/a6asa$ *,at )a$ "aa$a$ ;(ala"a$ 0%2< 2. (tt=@@,**s./**/l.#*.i)@,**s i)C3SAAAAAAJ/CPA2&2)C*l!"ara#(i)is(lC$saCiC %B&?OSEE51!ASR%0LAr)irs#C+ +. R$$iJa"s. A new supplement to the pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburh, !ublin
$2 Soy 4ean Oil -ahra "eilia isa/0+1241+31+ A. Klasifiasi1 Ki$/)*" • Di'isi • Klas • Or)* • 8a"ili • G$!s • Ssis • •
= Pla$ta = Tra#(*(+ta = Ma/$*li*si)a = 8a,als = 8a,a#a = 5l)cine = 5l)cine max L. 5l)cine so6a L. = Gl+#i$ s"$
Si"lisia
B. M*rf*l*/i Ta$a"a$ Ka#a$/ )lai ; so)a bean< "r!aa$ ta$a"a$ ,r!a s"a
+a$/
t!",!(
t/a.
K)lai
+a$/
)i,!)i)a+aa$
s,$ar$+a tr)iri )ari ali$/ ti)a )!a ssis= 5l)cine max ;)is,!t )lai !ti( +a$/ ,i9i$+a ,isa ,r6ar$a !$i$/ a/a !ti( ata! (i9a!< )a$ 5l)cine so6a ;)lai (ita" ,r,i9i (ita"<.2 Sist" raara$ ta$a"a$ )lai tr)iri atas aar t!$//a$/ )a$ aar latral. Pa)a ta$a( +a$/ /",!r aar i$i )aat "$",!s ta$a( sa"ai )ala"a$ 1% ". Pa)a aar latral tr)aat ,i$til:,i$til aar. Bi$til aar i$i ,iasa$+a aa$ tr,$t! 1%:
17
27 (ari stla( )ita$a" slai$ s,a/ai $+ra !$s!r (ara )a$ $+a$//a ta$a"a$ ,i$til aar 9!/a ,rf!$/si s,a/ai t"at fisasi $itr*/$ *l( ,atri Rhi7obium.2 K)lai ,r,ata$/ s"a )$/a$ ti$//i ,ata$/ a$tara 37:177 #". stia ,ata$/$+a )aat "",$t! 3:5 #a,a$/.. B/it! 9!/a )$/a$ ,$t! )a!$ )lai a)a )!a "a#a" +ait! ,!lat ;*'al< )a$ la$#i ;la$#*lat<. Pa)a ,!! ;nodus< rta"a
ta$a"a$
tr,$t!
sasa$/
)a!$
t!$//al. Sla$9!t$+a a)a s"!a ,!! )i atas$+a tr,$t! )a!$ "a9"! ti/a (lai. 2 B!$/a )lai tr"as! ,!$/a s"!r$a. P$+r,!a$ tr9a)i a)a saat "a(*ta ,!$/a "asi( "$!t! s(i$//a "!$/i$a$ tr9a)i$+a a6i$ sila$/ s#ara ala"i sa$/at #il. B!$/a trlta a)a r!as:r!as ,ata$/ ,r6ar$a !$/! ata! !ti(. Ti)a s"!a ,!$/a )aat "$9a)i *l*$/ 6ala!!$ tla( tr9a)i $+r,!a$ s#ara s"!r$a. 2 B!a( ta$a"a$ )lai ,r,$t! *l*$/. P*l*$/ )lai rta"a tr,$t! sitar -:17 (ari stla( "!$#!l$+a ,!$/a rta"a. J!"la( *l*$/ +a$/ tr,$t! a)a stia tia ta$/ai )a!$ sa$/at ,ra/a" a$tara 1:17 ,!a( )ala" stia l*"*. Pa)a stia ta$a"a$ 9!"la( *l*$/ )aat "$#aai l,i( )ari %7 ,a(a$ rat!sa$. U!ra$ )a$ ,$t! *l*$/ "$9a)i "asi"al a)a saat a6al ri*) "asaa$ ,i9i. Hal i$i "!$/i$a$ )ii!ti *l( r!,a(a$ 6ar$a *l*$/ )ari (i9a! "$9a)i !$i$/ #*lata$ a)a saat "asa. 2 Bi9i )lai ,ri$/ )!a ;)i*til< +a$/ tr,!$/!s *l( !lit ,i9i. E",ri* trlta )i a$tara i$/ ,i9i. ar$a !lit ,i9i ,r"a#a":"a#a" a)a +a$/ !$i$/ (ita" (i9a! ata! #*lat. K#a",a( "r!aa$ ta$a"a$ )lai +a$/ ,l!" "ata$/ s"!r$a. Ti r#a",a(a$$+a i/al )a$ (i**til ;,a/ia$ ,ata$/ #a",a( )i,a6a( i$/<. ar$a #a",a( !$/! ata! (i9a!. 2
18
. Ka$)!$/a$ K)lai
;5l)cine
max
L <
"rrill<
"r!aa$
sala( sat! ta$a"a$ ,!)i)a+a
)$/a$
a$)!$/a$ $!trisi +a$/ ti$//i )ia$tara$+a
"$/a$)!$/
r*ti$ 37:%7 +a$/ tr)iri )ari asa" a"i$* s$sial. K)lai "$/a$)!$/
ar,*(i)rat
l"a r*ti$ 'ita"i$ )a$ "i$ral srti alsi!" asa" f*lat ali!" srta ,si.0 1!! 5ram ke&elai men5an&un5:
:?ita"i$ A= 117 IU
:Bsi= & "/
:Kali!"=
:8*sf*r= %&5 "/
:L"a=
:Kar,*(i)rat= 30.& /
:Kal*ri=
:Pr*ti$= 30 /
:Kalsi!"
%07 "/ :?ita"i$ B1= 1.7- "/ 1&.1 / :?ita"i$ B3= 2.3 "/ 331 al :?ita"i$
Mi$+a )lai "$/a$)!$/ asa" l"a ti)a 9$!( ;&%< )a$ asa" l"a 9$!( ;1%<.3 :
Asa" L"a Ti)a J$!( ;&%<= Asa" li$*lat = 1%:50 • Asa" *lat = 11:57 • Asa" li$*l$at = 1:12 • Asa" ara#(i)*$at = 1% •
:
Asa" l"a 9$!( ;1%<= Asa" al"itat • Asa" starat • Asa" ars#(i)at • Asa" la!rat •
= -:17 = 2:% = 72:1 = 7:71
D. ara ""r*l( (o) 8ean &il )ir*l( )ari ,a/ia$ ,i9i ta$a"a$ a#a$/ )lai +a$/ )ir*ss "lal!i t$i $/rsa$. 0
19
:
Mi$+a l"a$+a )ir*l( )ari ,a/ia$ ,i9i )$/a$ #ara "rasa$ tr"as!
:
"i$+a ri$/ )a$ asa" l"a$+a ,a$+a "$/a$)!$/ iata$ ra$/a. S*+ ,a$ *il )ir*l( s#ara ta$a$ )a$ ,iasa$+a 9ara$/ )ir*l( "l,i(i
:
17 "i$+a. Mi$+a )lai i$i "$/a$)!$/ asa" li$*lat %7 ata! l,i(. S*+ ,a$ *il "r!aa$ dr) oil +ait! ""!$+ai sifat )aat "$/ri$/ 9ia tr*si)asi )a$ aa$ ,r!,a( "$9a)i laisa$ t,al ,rsifat $tal )a$ "",$t! s9$is sla!t 9ia )i,iara$ )i !)ara tr,!a. S*+ ,a$ *il ,iasa$+a )i/!$aa$ !$t! i$)!stri 'r$is.
E. K/!$aa$ Ka#a$/ )lai ""ilii ,a$+a "a$faat ,a/i (i)!a$ "a$!sia. Sala( sat!$+a 9ia )ir*ss "$9a)i "i$+a )lai. Mi$+a )lai )aat )i"a$faata$ "$9a)i ,r,a/ai r*)! "aa$a$ )i*la( )ala" ,i)a$/ i$)!stri "a!!$ s,a/ai r*)! far"asi.0 Pr*)! Mi$+a K)lai Mi$+a K)lai M!r$i Pa$/a$
Ka#a$/ K)lai L#(iti$
I$)!stri
Pa$/a$
Kri" *i
A$ti *r*sif a/$t
E"!lsif+i$/ a/$t
Mi$+a /*r$/
Ba(a$ ,aar )isl
Pr*)! !
a"!ra$ s!s!
Mar/ari$ Ma+*$$ais
Dsi$fta$
Pr"$
O,at:*,ata$
*lat
I$)!stri Al*(*l ast
at ti$ta
M)is@far"asi
?r$is
Mi$+a sala)
"2 Oleum Gossy8i Seminis -ahra "eilia isa/0+1241+31+ A. Klasifiasi% Ki$/)*" • Di'isi • Klas • Or)* • 8a"ili • G$!s • Ssis •
= Pla$ta = Tra#(*(+ta = Ma/$*lli*si)a = Mal'als = Mal'a#a = 5oss)pium L. = 5oss)pium hirsutum L.
20
•
Si"lisia
= G*ss+ii S"$
B. Ta$a"a$ Ta$a"a$ 5oss)pium hirsutum L. "r!aa$ ta$a"a$ $/(asil aas +a$/ ,a$+a "$/a$)!$/ sl!l*sa. Sist" raara$$+a ,r!a aar t!$//a$/ +a$/ a$9a$/$+a "$#aai 7-% – 1 "tr. Bata$/ ta$a"a$ aas ,r,$t! sili$)ris )$/a$ ,ata$/ ,r!as:r!as tia r!as t!",!( )a!$ )a$ #a,a$/: #a,a$/ a)a tia. Bata$/$+a t/a ,ra+! )a$ ,r6ar$a (i9a! l!"!t. Da!$$+a "r!aa$ )a!$ t!$//al
)$/a$
(lai
)a!$
,r,$t!
risai.
Prt!la$/a$ )a!$$+a "$9ari )a$ )a!$$+a ,r6ar$a (i9a!. B!$/a aas tr"as! ,!$/a t!$//al )$/a$ "a(*ta ,!lat ,r6ar$a !$i$/ )a$ ,r!,a( "$9a)i "ra( saat la+!. B!a($+a ,r,$t! l*$9*$/ )$/a$ !9!$/ r!$#i$/ ,r6ar$a (i9a! )a$ stla( t!a ,r!,a( 6ar$a "$9a)i #*lat (ita"a$. Bi9i ,!a( ,r,$t! ,!lat ,r6ar$a (ita" )a$ )isli"!ti ra",!t !ti(.5 . Ka$)!$/a$ Ta$a"a$ aas "$/a$)!$/ asa" l"a 9$!( )a$ asa" l"a ti)a 9$!( )$/a$ a$)!$/a$ asa" l"a 9$!( +ait! asa" li$*l$at ;%015< )a$ asa" *lat ;1%%&< sisa$+a asa" l"a 9$!( srti al"itat "iristat starat )a$ arai)*$at2 Mi$+a )ari ,i9i aas "$/a$)!$/ 2 /*si*l )a$ fla'*$*i) +a$/ "r!aa$ s!,sta$si f$*l.D. ara ""r*l( Mi$+a aas )ir*l( )ari ,i9i ta$a"a$ aas "lal!i $/rsa$ )$/a$ "l6ati ,,raa ta(aa$.& 1. Mi$+a l"a )ir*l( )ari ,i9i aas +a$/ )ita$ !at 2. Mi$+a +a$/ )ir*l( rta"a ; r"!laa$ < ,r6ar$a "ra( #*lat crude cotton seed oil 3. K"!)ia$ )ita",a( air )a$ )i)i)i(a$ !$t! "$/(ila$/a$ l$)ir$+a
21
0. Lal! )ita",a( Na ON ; Nasiliat < !$t! "$/(ila$/a$ Fat 6ar$a$+a )a$ )i)i$/i$a$ %. Mi$+a +a$/ )ir*l( ,r6ar$a !$i$/ "!)a ; !$i$/ !#at < E. K/!$aa$ Bi9i aas )aat )i/!$aa$ !$t! ""r*)!si cotton seed oil +a$/ ,r/!$a s,a/ai r*)! "aa$a$ )a$ s)iaa$ far"asi.
-
:
Mi$+a $a,ati +a$/ a+a aa$ *"/a 5 )a$ a$ti*si)a$ +a$/
: : :
)i/!$aa$ s,a/ai "i$+a /*r$/ !$t! ""asa. S,a/ai lar!t i$9si P",!at sa,!$ P$/a$ti *l!" ssa"
(2 Oleum
Sesami
-ahra
"eilia
isa/0+1241+31+ A. Klasifiasi4 Ki$/)*" • Di'isi • S!,)i'isi • Klas • Or)* • 8a"ili • G$!s • Ssis • Si"lisia • B. Ta$a"a$
= Pla$ta = Sr"at*(+ta = A$/i*sr"a = Ma/$*li*si)a = La"ials = P)alia#a = (esamum = (esamum indicum = Ssa"!" S"$
Ta$a"a$ (esamum indicum )i$al )$/a$ ta$a"a$
$/(asil
6i9$.
Sist"
raara$$+a
"r!aa$ aar t!$//a$/ . Ti$//i ta$a"a$ "$#aai 57:127 #". Bata$/$+a ,ra+! ,r,$t! s/i "at ,ra",!t )a$ ""ilii r#a,a$/a$ ti "*$**)ial. Da!$$+a t!$//al ,r,$t! li)a( ""a$9a$/ ,ra",!t )a$ a$/al )a!$$+a r!$#i$/. Ti )a!$ ,r/ri/i )$/a$ a$9a$/ %:27 #" )a$ l,ar 1%:0 #". Prt!la$/a$ )a!$ "$+iri )a$ )a!$$+a ,r6ar$a (i9a!. B!$/a t!",!( )ari tia )a!$ )a$ tr"as! ,!$/a s"!r$a )$/a$ l*a ,r6ar$a !ti( !$i$/ "ra( "!)a ata! ,ir! 'i*lt tr/a$t!$/ 'aritas. Dala" sat! ,!$/a tr)aat 3:0 ala sari. Bi9i$+a ,r!!ra$ #il ,r6ar$a !ti( !$i$/ #*lat "ra( "!)a.5
22
S)a$/a$ "i$+a 6i9$ +a$/ "r!aa$ (asil $/*la(a$ )ari ,i9i 6i9$ ""ilii aratristi ,r!a 6ar$a !$i$/ !#at a/a tra$sara$ ,r,a! (as a/a lar!t )ala" al#*(*l )a$ lar!t )ala" l*r*f*r" )a$ lar!t tr.17 . Ka$)!$/a$ &leum sesami ,r6ar$a !$i$/ !#at a/a tra$sara$ ,r,a! (as a/a lar!t )ala" al#*(*l lar!t )ala" l*r*f*r" )a$ lar!t tr. &leum sesami "$/a$)!$/ asa" l"a ta 9$!( +a$/ tr)iri )ari asa" *lat -% +a$/ ""ilii 1 iata$ ra$/a )a$ li$*lat ;&:17< +a$/ ""ilii 2 iata$ ra$/a srta
"$/a$)!$/
*"/a
5.
Mi$+a 6i9$
9!/a
"$/a$)!$/ asa" l"a 9$!( srti al"itat starat )a$ "iristat srta s!,sta$si ($*l ;ssa"*l< )a$ 'ita"i$ E.3 D. ara ""r*l( &leum sesami )ir*l( )ari $/rsa$ ,i9i 6i9$ +a$/ )i,ri ta$a$ )a$ s!(! trt$t!.11 1. Pa$$ )ila!a$ )$/a$ #ara ""*t*$/ ,ata$/ 6i9$ 2. P$9"!ra$ sla"a - (ari sa"ai !9!$/ *l*$/:*l*$/ tla( "",!a 3. Bi9i$+a rta"a: ta"a )i,rsi(a$ 9ia rl! )i#!#i "!)ia$ )i 0. %. 5. -.
ri$/a$ )i,a6a( si$ar "ata(ari sla"a 2 (ari Mi$+a l"a )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ ,i9i a)a s!(! r!a$/a$. Stla( it! s#ara ,rta(a s!(! )a$ ta$a$$+a )i$aia$ Mi$+a$+a )i"!r$ia$ )$/a$ "t*) )stilasi &leum sesame "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a l"a ;0%< r*ti$ ;2%< )a$ l$)ir ;0<
E. K/!$aa$ &leum sesami )ir*l( )ari ,a/ia$ ,i9i )a$ ""ilii ,,raa /!$aa$ (!s!s$+a )ala" ,i)a$/ far"asi. 3 :
Mi$+a 6i9$ )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai ,a(a$ "aa$a$ +a$/ )aat "$/iat l,i(a$ *lstr*l )ala" )ara(
23
: : : : :
Hasil sa"i$/ "i$+a 6i9$ )ir*ss "$9a)i #a 6i9$ Plar!t !$t! i$9si Lasati'!" ;$#a(ar< Daat )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai r)a rasa sait E"*lli$t ;l",a, !lit<
32 Oleum
Amy5&alarum
-ahra
"eilia
isa/0+1241+31+ A. Klasifiasi12 • Ki$/)*" = Pla$ta = Tra#(*(+ta • Di'isi = Ma/$*li*si)a • Klas = R*sals • Or)* = R*sa#a • 8a"ili = 'runus L. • G$!s • Ssis = 'runus am)dalus amara ;,ittr al"*$) *il< 'runus am)dalus dulcis ;s6t al"*$) *il< • Si"lisia = Bi9i ;s"$< B. Ta$a"a$ Ta$a"a$ prunus am)dalus ,rasal )ari ti"!r t$/a( ar$a (a$+a )aat t!",!( )i ili" ")itra$ia$. Sist" raara$$+a t!$//a$/ )a$ ""ilii ,ata$/ +a$/ ,sar )a$ ,r#a,a$/. Da!$$+a ,r,$t! l*$9*$/ ,r6ar$a (i9a! )a$ ""ilii a$9a$/ sitar 0:% #". B!$/a$+a ""ilii % l*a sal ,!$/a )a$ ,$a$/ sari +a$/ ,r!!ra$/ a$9a$/ )$/a$ 9!"la( +a$/ ,a$+a trlta a)a #a,a$/ latral +a$/ $) ata! a)a$/:a)a$/ latral a)a t!$as +a$/ ""a$9a$/. B!$/a al"*$) (a"ir i)$ti )$/a$ rsi ata! )$/a$ ,!$/a 'runus lai$ ttai ,!$/a al"*$) ""ilii 6ar$a "ra( ata! !ti( )a$ ,a!$+a (ar!". B!a($+a tr)aat ,i9i al"*$) )i )ala"$+a ""ilii #a$/a$/ )a$ tia ri$/ "",!a )$/a$ s$)iri$+a. 5 Ol!" A"+/)alar!" "$/a$)!$/ )!a 9$is "i$+a +ait! s6t al"*$) *il )a$ ,ittr al"*$) *il. S6t al"*$) *il ,rasal )ari ,i9i "asa ri$/ 'runus am)dalus dulcis +a$/ ,!$/a$+a ,r6ar$a !ti( )$/a$ a$9a$/ 22%:2% #" )a$ l,ar 1% #". Ka$)!$/a$ )ari s6t al"*$) *il "$/a$)!$/ 17 air 1% "i$+a
24
01 r*ti$ 27 $*$r*ti$ 4 sra,!t )a$ 03 "i$ral. S6t al"*$) *il ti)a "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a atsiri. 13 S)a$/a$ ,ittr al"*$) *il ,rasal )ari ,i9i "asa ri$/ 'runus am)dalus amara +a$/ ,!$/a$+a ,r6ar$a "ra( "!)a )$/a$ a$9a$/ 2 #" )a$ l,ar 12% #". S)a$/a$ a$)!$/a$ )ari ,ittr al"*$) *il a$tara lai$ "i$+a atsiri 0% Pr*ti$ 2%:%7 Gli*si)a a"i/)ali$ 1:3 $Fi" fr"$tasi ;"!lsi$ )a$ la##as< )a$ r*ti$ a"a$)i$.10 .
Ka$)!$/a$ Mi$+a Al"*$)
s#ara
!"!"
"$/a$)!$/
0%:%7
l"a
+a$/
*"*$$$+a tr)iri )ari asa" l"a 9$!( )a$ asa" l"a ta 9$!( +a$/ tr)iri )ari asa" *lat -- li$*lat 1- al"itat % )a$ "iristat 1. Slai$ it! "i$+a al"*$) 9!/a "$/a$)!$/ *"*$$ lai$ srti r*ti$ )a$ /li*si)a. 1% • Pr*ti$ 2%:%7 • Asa" A"i$* ;Tr,a$+a = Asa" Gl!ta"at )a$ Asa" Asartat< • Gli*si)a a"i/)ali$ 1:3 • E$Fi" "!lsi$ "$/!raia$ a"i/)ali$ "$9a)i "i$+a atsiri • Q:T**fr*l ;347"/@/< • A"a$)i$ • Mi$+a atsiri ;(a$+a tr)aat a)a bitter almond oil < D. ara ""r*l( K)!a 'aritas al"*$) s#ara "*rf*l*/i ,i9i$+a ti)a ,r,)a $a"!$ a)a r,)aa$ fisi*l*/is +ait! a"ara "$/a$)!$/ /li*si)a a"+/)ali$ +a$/ rasa$+a sa$/at a(it )a$ aa$ "$/!a 9ia )i)stilasi. a$/ ,iasa )i"aa$ a)ala( 9$is s6t al"*$) +a$/ ,i9i$+a ,r!!ra$ l,i( ,sar )ari ,ittr al"*$). 15 &. Mi$+a l"a )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ ,i9i )i,ri ta$a$ s,sar 3%7at". 4. Bi9i +a$/ s!)a( ,r,$t! ,!,! )ir$)a" sla"a 12 9a" )$/a$ air a/ar a"+/)ali$ "$/ala"i fr"$tasi *l( a)a$+a $Fi" "!lsi$ +a$/ "",!a str!t!r a"i/)ali$ /l!#*si)a "$9a)i )tr*sa asa" (i)r*sia$at )a$ ,$Fal)(i). 17. K"!)ia$ "i$+a +a$/ tr,$t! )i)stilasi. 11. Asa" (i)r*sia$at )a$ ,$Fal)(i) l!ar s,a/ai )stilat s,a/ia$ ,ra)a )ala" a)aa$ ,,as )a$ !ta"a$+a ,ra)a )ala" *",i$asi +a$/ ti)a sta,il ,$Fal)(+):#+a$(+)ri$. 12. Mi$+a al"*$) +a$/ tr,$t! +ait! ,a/ia$ +a$/ t$//la" )ala" air E. K/!$aa$ Bai sweet almond oil "a!!$ bitter almond oil )!a$+a ""ilii (asiat !$t! ,a(a$ "aa$a$ ;"i$+a /*r$/< )a$ sa$/at $ti$/ )ala" r*)! far"astia.1-1&
25
1. S)ati'!" 2. O,at ,at! 3. E"!l/at*r ;a"a$)i$ )a$ "!lsi$< 0. 8la'*!ri$/ a/$ts %. Ba(a$ "aa$a$
'2 +ersic Oil 9Lis*a Roro Marsu&i 1!"'"1$#
tr)iri )ari 2 s!,sta$si "i$+a l"a i)$ti +a$/ ti)a ,r6ar$a Tr)iri )ari= : Pa#(:r$l *il : Ari#*t:r$l *il Pa#(:r$l *il Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" • Di'isi • S!,)i'isi • Klas • Or)* • 8a"il+ • G$!s • S!,/$!s • S#is • :
= Pla$ta = A$/i*sr"a = E!)i#*t = R*si) =R*sals = R*sa#a = Pr!$!s = A"+/)al!s = Pr!$!s rsi#a
Ari#*t:r$l *il
26
Klsifiasi Ki$/)*" = Pla$ta • Di'isi = A$/i*sr"a • S!,)i'isi = !)i#*t • Klas = R*si)s • Or)* = R*sals • 8a"il+ = R*sa#a • G$!s = Pr!$!s • S#is = 'runus armeniaca • A. Ta$a"a$ +each?kernel oil Ta$a"a$ asal = Pr!$!s rsi#a sl, t. !## Si"lisia = Kr$l P$+,ara$ = ,rasal )ari (i$a )a$ )is,ara$ )i )ara( A"ria srti alif*r$ia )a$ Uta( iri "i$+a = ri$/a$ $*$:/ras+ A8rico*?kernel oil Ta$a"a$ asal = 'runus Armeniaca Linne Si"lisia = r$l P$+,ara$ = Brasal )ari Sa$+*l )i!lti'asi )i )ara( M)itra$ia )a$ alif*r$ia )a$ )ir*)!si )i T!ri UF,ista$ Ira$ Itali Al/ria Paista$ Pra$#is Mar** Urai$a Ja$/ Msir )a$ S+ria
B. Ka$)!$/a$ +each?kernel oil ?ita"i$ A • ?ita"i$ B • ?ita"i$ • ?ita"i$ E • Asa" f*lat • 8 • K • A"+/)ali$ • Asa" Olat • Asa" Li$*lat • A8rico*?kernel oil • • • • •
Amygdalin Asam linoleat Asam oleat β-karoten Vitamin E
. ara ""r*l(
27
A8rico*?kernel oil
Ari#*t )a$ Pa#( r$l *il )itraa$ sist" #*l):rss) *il !$t! "$9a/a $ilai $!trisi )ari "i$+a trs,!t )a$ a/ar ""!$+ai rasa *"ls +a$/ ,a$+a ar$a ,l!" tr$a a$as. Stla( "i$+a l!ar )i)a$tasi )a$ )ifiltrasi D. K/!$aa$ +each?kernel oil Ar*"atrai • Ba(a$ *s"ti • Ml",!ta$ )a$ "l",a,a$ !lit • Hi*:alr/i a)a !lit +a$/ s$sitif • Mla$#ara$ r)ara$ )ara( )a$ "$/(ila$/a$ *$stiasi • Mri$/a$a$ sait tia "$str!asi • Ktia )i*",i$asia$ )$/a$ R(!,ar, )i/!$aa$ !$t! "$/*,ati • a$)isitis a!t A8rico* @Kernel Oil • • • •
• • •
• • •
•
Peraatan k!lit "eringankan iritasi # radang k!lit Em!lgator yang $aik %e$agai minyak yang dig!nakan !nt!k &i'at $iasanya di m!ka (la)oring-agent &ada masakan *tali Anti-ast+mati, arrier oil .di,am&!r dengan minyak lain s!&aya menye$ar dan $iasanya mer!&akan ,am&!ran minyak !nt!k aromat+era&+y/ %!&&lement diet "engo$ati eksim gatal s,a$ies dan &soriasis Pada &rod!k &eraatan $i$ir $er!ngsi !nt!k men'aga keinda+an $i$ir $aik dari l!ar ma!&!n dalam Peraatan ram$!t mem$eri n!trisi &ada k!lit ke&ala
1!2Oleumocos 9Lis*a Roro Marsu&i 1!"'"1$# A. Klasifiasi
28
Ta$a"a$ Ki$/)*"= S!,i$/)*"= I$frai$/)*" Di'isi= S!, Di'isi I$fra)i'isi lass= Or)*= S!, Or)* 8a"ili= G$!s= Ssis= Si"lisia=
Pla$ta ?ir)iala$ta Strt*(+ta Tra#(*(+ta Sr"at*(+ta A$/i*sr"a Ma/$*li*si)a Ar#als Lili*si)a Ar#a#a *#*s 9ocos nucifera L. *#*s S"$
•
Klaa a)ala( ta$a"a$ )ara( tr*is +a$/ l",a,. !! "!)a( ,ra)atasi )$/a$ r,)aa$ s!(!. S!(! rata:rata *ti"al a)a 2- )$/a$ rata:rata %: -. • Dara( )i I$)*$sia +a$/ tr$al s,a/ai $/(asil laa a)ala( B*$ ;S!la6si Slata$< Hal"a(ra ;Mal!!< K!la!a$ Al*r ;NTT< K!la!a$ S*l*r ;NTT< )a$ Mi$a(asa ;S!la6si Utara<. • Masa !$#a r*)!si laa 9!/a ,r,)a:,)a. U$t! laa )ala" "asa !$#a r*)!si$+a a)a !"!r a$tara 1%:27 ta(!$. Stla( ,r!"!r 27 ta(!$ r*)!si$+a ,ra$/s!r t!r!$ )a$ stla( ,r!"!r 07 ta(!$ r*)!si$+a "r*s*t B. Ka$)!$/a$ • •
0-:%3 Asa" la!rat sisa$+a "$/a$)!$/ Asa" Mristat Asa" Karat Asa" Pal"itat Asa" Karilat Asa" Strarat Asa" Olat )a$ Asa" Li$*at.
. ara ""r*l(
aging $!a+ kela&a di$!at dalam $ent!k ko&ra nt!k di$!at dalam $ent!k ko&ra maka daging $!a+ kela&a di$!at men'adi kering dengan 'alan men'em!r &ada terik mata+ari ata! dikeringkan melal!i o)en %etela+ it! ko&ra di,a,a+ kem!dian di+al!skan men'adi ser$!k kasar %er$!k ko&ra di&anaskan kem!dian di&res se+ingga mengel!arkan minyak Am&as yang di+asilkan masi+ mengand!ng minyak Am&as digiling sam&ai +al!s kem!dian di&anaskan dan di&res !nt!k mengel!arkan minyaknya "inyak yang terk!m&!l dienda&kan dan disaring "inyak +asil &enyaringan di$eri &erlak!an $erik!t V P$a",a(a$ s$+a6a alali ;KOH ata! NaOH< !$t! $tralisasi
29
;"$/(ila$/a$ asa" l"a ,,as<. V P$a",a(a$ ,a(a$ $+ra ;a,s*r,$< 6ar$a ,iasa$+a "$//!$aa$ ara$/ atif a/ar )i(asila$ "i$+a +a$/ 9r$i( )a$ ,$i$/. V P$/alira$ !a air a$as )ala" "i$+a !$t! "$/!aa$ )a$ "$/(ila$/a$ s$+a6a:s$+a6a +a$/ "$+,a,a$ ,a! +a$/ ti)a )i($)ai. Mi$+a +a$/ tla( ,rsi( 9r$i( )a$ ti)a ,r,a! )i"as )i )ala" *ta al$/ ,*t*l lasti ata! ,*t*l a#a.
D. K/!$aa$ • • • •
M$/(al!sa$ )a$ "$/$#a$/a$ !lit M",a$t! "ra6at ra",!t O,at ,a/i $)rita )ia,ts "llit!s M$/*,ati sait 9a$t!$/
112 Oleum May&is 9Lis*a Roro Marsu&i 1!"'"1$# A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" S!,i$/)*" I$frai$/)*" Di'isi*$ S!,)i'isi*$ I$fra)i'isi*$ lass S!r*r)r Or)r 8a"il+ G$!s S!,s#is
=Pla$ta =?iri)ala$ta =Strt*(+ta =Tra#(*(+ta =Sr"at*(+ti$a =A$/i*sr"a =Ma/$*li*si)a =Lilia$a =P*als =P*a#a =a L. =a "a+s ss."a+s L. – #*r$
B. Ta$a"a$
•
Ja/!$/ ""ilii ,!$/a 9a$ta$ )a$ ,!$/a ,ti$a +a$/ trisa( ;)ili$< )ala" sat! ta$a"a$ ;"*$*#i*!s<. • U"!"$+a ""ilii ti$//i 1:3 " • M"ilii aar sra,!t • Da!$ 9a/!$/ a)ala( )a!$ s"!r$a B$t!$+a ""a$9a$/ "r!aa$ ,a$/!$ ita ;li/!lat!s< !9!$/ )a!$ r!$#i$/ ;a#!t!s< ti )a!$ rata ;i$t/r< A$tara la( )a$ (lai )a!$ tr)aat li/!la. T!la$/ )a!$ s9a9ar )$/a$ i,! t!la$/ )a!$. Pr"!aa$ )a!$ a)a +a$/ li#i$ )a$ a)a +a$/ ,ra",!t.
. Ka$)!$/a$ M$/a$)!$/ /lisri)a
30
M$/a$)!$/ "i$+a C 33:34 M$/a$)!$/ asa" l"a : li$*lat C 30 : 52 : *lat C 14 : %7 : al"itat C & : 14 : starat C 7 : 0 Kar,*(i)rat ;ati< = &7 8it*str*l ,,as str fit*str*l str fit*sta$*l D. ara ""r*l( •
Em$rio di&isa+kan dari +idrosiklon
•
S!s$si ",ri* i$i )ialira$ !$it strasi ;,r!a llr +a$/
•
,rf!$/si !$t! ""ras )a$ "$/strasi "i$+a<. Mi$+a asar +a$/ )i(asila$ )ari llr )i sari$/ )i)i$/i$a$ )a$
•
)isi"a$ !$t! sla$9!t$+a )ila!a$ "!r$ia$ ;rfi$i$/<. Pa)a a,ri +a$/ l,i( ,ar! )ita",a(a$ !$it strasi ,r!a strat*r
•
)$/a$ ,a(a$ lar!t. A"as +a$/ )i(asila$ )$/a$ $a$a$ ;llr< +a$/ "asi( "$/a$)!$/ "i$+a #!!ti$//i ;2< )ila!a$ strasi )$/a$ ,a(a$ lar!t (sa$a
•
s#ara si$a",!$/. Lar!ta$ "i$+a )ala" (sa$a )iisa(a$ )$/a$ #ara $/!aa$ (a"a )a$ (sa$a )ita"!$/ !$t! )aat )i/!$aa$ ",alis)a$/a$ "i$+a
• •
)ialira$ $a"!$/ ata! )i#a"!r )$/a$ "i$+a asar rta"a. Sla$9!t$+a "i$+a asar i$i )ila!a$ "!r$ia$ . Pr*ss "!r$ia$ tr)iri atas ta(aa$ "isa(a$ /!" l$)ir )$/a$ #ara $//!"ala$ )$/a$ as a" f*sfat ;7.7%< $trala$ s#ara alalis ; )$/a$ $atri!" (i)r*si)a 7.1 !$t! "$/!ra$/i a)ar asa" l"a ,,as< "!#ata$ ;,la#(i$/< )$/a$ $a",a(a$ ta$a( "!#at ;,$t*$it<. Ta(a tra(ir ,r!a $/(ila$/a$ ,a! ata! )*)*risasi a) a s!(! 217:2-% # )a$ ta$a$ (a"a ;13&:&77 Pa<. E. K/!$aa$
at ta",a(a$ $//a$ti "i$+a l"a asi$ +a$/ ti$//i a)ar *lstr*l$+a ar$a )aat "$!r!$a$ *lstr*l )a$ )ara( ti$//i A$ti*si)a$ Plar!t i$9si Katalis a)a "a$//a$/a$ E)i,l *il
31
1)2 Oleum haulmo5ra 9Lis*a Roro Marsu&i 1!"'"1$# Ta$a"a$ Asal = : *araktoenos kur7ii :in : ;)dnocarpus wihtiana 8lume : ;)dnocarpus antelmintica 'ierre A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" S!,i$/)*" S!r Di'isi Di'isi Klas S!, Klas Or)* 8a"ili G$!s Ssis
= Pla$ta = Tra#(*,i*$ta = Sr"at*(+ta = Ma/$*li*(+ta = Ma/$*li*si)a = Dill$ii)a = ?i*lats = 8la#*!rtia#a = Tarat*/$*s = *araktoenos kur7ii :in
Ki$/)*" Di'isi*$ lass Or)r 8a"il+ G$!s Ssis
= Pla$ta = Ma/$*li*(+ta = Ma/$*li*si)a = Mali/(ials = A#(aria#a = H+)$*#ar!s = ;)dnocarpus wihtiana 8lume ;)dnocarpus anthelmintica
B. Ta$a"a$ Na"a )ara( S!"atra = B#a"ai( ;Pal",a$/< Ja6a = Ka$)ar L!t!$/ ;S!$)a< L!t$/ ;Ja6a T$/a(< S!la6si = a$!t ;Mi$a(asa< Si"lisia = Bi9i )ari ,!a( *araktoenos kur7ii (a!l"**/ra *il ""!$+ai s!(! l,!r 02 7 ;17-.5 78< ti)a lar!t )ala" air s,a/ia$ trlar!t )ala" al*(*l )a$ lar!t )ala" t(r #(l*r*f*r" #ar,*$ )is!l(i) )a$ ,$F$ Br6ar$a !$i$/ ata! !$i$/ #*lata$ Mi$+a i$i ,rasal )ari ,i9i ta$a"a$ *araktoenos kur7ii )a$ ;)dnocarpus anthelmintica. . Ka$)!$/a$
32
Bi9i )a$ )a!$ *araktoenos kur7ii :in "$/a$)!$/ sa*$i$ fla'*$*i)a )a$ *lif$*l Bi9i "$/a$)!$/ lii) )ala" *$s$trasi 07:%% /l!*si)a ;/l!*sa )a$ (+)$*#+a$i# a#i)<. (a!l"**/ri# a#i) ;1&H32O2 < H+)$*#ari# a#i) ;15H2&O2 < Tarat*/$i# a#i) Is*/a)*li# a#i)
D. ara ""r*l( K!lit ,i9i ;srti ra$/< )iisa(a$ trl,i( )a(!l! )ari ,i9i ;r$l<. K"!)ia$ r$l )i,ri ta$a$ (i)r*li ;)irss< s(i$//a "$/(asila$ "i$+a )a$ a"as. K"!)ia$ isa(a$ ti/a ,a/ia$ trs,!t !lit ,i9i "i$+a )a$ a"as. Maa ita )aata$ (a!l"**/ra *il. E. K/!$aa$ Bi9i *araktoenos kur7ii ,r(asiat s,a/ai *,at lra. U$t! *,at lra )iaai "i$+a )ari 1 ,i9i Tarat*/$*!s !rFii )i*lsa$ a)a t"at +a$/ sait. •
•
•
•
Ssifi !$t! +ait +a$/ )is,a,a$ ar$a ,atri ")cobacterium leprae )a$ ")cobacterium tuberculosis Di/!$aa$ s#ara "iri !$t! $+ait r!"ati r*riasis ;$+ait !lit +a$/ r*$is< M$/*,ati l!a ""ar sl* )a$ ,r,a/ai rasi i$fla"asi )i !lit lai$$+a P$+ait !)is i"ti/* ;$+ait !lit +a$/ /atal )a$ "$i",!la$ ,i$til:,i$til ,risi $a$a(< )a$ ,,raa $+ait )r"atitis.
12ro*on Oil 9Kalonica Kusuma%ar&ani 1!"'(!)1 A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*"= Pla$ta • S!,i$/)*" = ?ir)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts • I$frai$/)*"= Strt*(+ta – la$) la$ts • Di'isi*$= Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts • S!,)i'isi*$= sr"at*(+ti$a – s) la$ts • I$fra)i'isi*$= A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts • lass= Ma/$*li*si)a • S!r*r)r= r*sa$a •
33
• • • • •
Or)r= Mali/(ials 8a"il+= E!(*r,ia#a : s!r/ G$!s= r*t*$ L Ssis= 9roton tilium L. 1 Si"lisia= Bi9i ;S"$<
B. Ta$a"a$ r*t*$ *il ,rasal )ari r*t*$ Ti/il!". Ba/ia$ ta$a"a$ +a$/ )i/!$aa$ "$9a)i r*t*$ Oil a)ala( ,i9i. B!a( r*t*$ "iri srti ast*r S) $a"!$ ,r6ar$a #*lat t!a. r*t*$ ti/il!" ,a$+a tr)aat )i i$a I$)ia Ti"!r Ja$/ I$)*$sia 8ilii$a Sri La$a )a$ $/ara:$/ara Er*a2 . Ka$)!$/a$ Kr*t*$ *il "$/a$)!$/ s!,sta$si t*si al,!"i$*!s )a$ "$/a$)!$/ r*ti$. Slai$ it! r*t*$ *il 9!/a "$/a$)!$/ asa" *lat 0233 )a$ asa" li$*liat 273 )ii!ti asa" starat 1333 asa" "iristat %72 asa" al"itat 3&1 )a$ asa" la!rat 172. D. ara ""r*l( ara ""r*l( r*t*$ *il a)ala( )$/a$ "la!a$ $/straa$ ,i9i )$/a$ tr s!lf!r ar,*$ )is!lfi) al#*(*l ata! lar!t lai$ +a$/ "!)a( "$/!a. Estrasi )ila!a$ s,a$+a 3 ali a/ar "$/(asila$ "i$+a +a$/ ,a$+a. Hasil +a$/ )ir*l( a)ala( "i$+a +a$/ ,r6ar$a !#at tr +a$/ ,r6ar$a #*lat "!)a "i$+a al#*(*l ,r6ar$a #*lat t!a )a$ 9!"la( sa*$ifiasi #!! ti$//i. 3 E. K/!$aa$ K/!$aa$ r*t!" *il a)ala( s,a/ai !r/ati' )a$ arti 0
1+tt&##itisgo)#ser)let#%ingle&t#%ingle&t sear,+to&i,:%;oleksi =20:anaman=20?$at=20>e$!n=20:anaman=20?$at =20ite!re!&#roton=20tigli!m=20@&d 3 kokate, c., purohit, a. and gokhale, s. (2008). pharmacognosy. pune: nirali prakashan. 4 Martindale, W. and Reynolds, J. (1989). The extra pharmacopoeia. London: Pharmaceutical Press. 34
1#2+um8kin See& Oil 9Kalonica Kusuma%ar&ani 1!"'(!)1 A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*"= Pla$ta • S!,i$/)*" = ?ir)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts • I$frai$/)*"= Strt*(+ta – la$) la$ts • Di'isi*$= Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts • S!,)i'isi*$= sr"at*(+ti$a – s) la$ts • I$fra)i'isi*$= A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts • lass= Ma/$*li*si)a • S!r*r)r= r*sa$a • Or)r= !#!r,itals • 8a"il+= !#!r,ita#a : /*!r)s • G$!s= !#!r,ita L • Ssis= 9ucurbita pepo L. % • Si"lisia= Bi9i ;S"$< • B. Ta$a"a$ Ta$a"a$ i$i s,a/ia$ ,sar )i )aata$ )ari A!stria )a$ Sl*'$ia $a"!$ sara$/ tla( ,a$+a )i)aata$ )i r*a ti"!r i$)ia O$tari* a$a)a )a$ A"ria Utara . Ka$)!$/a$ Ka$)!$/a$ )ari !"i$ s) *il a)ala( Asa" a"i$* ;/lisi$ ala$i$ asa" /l!ta"at< asa" l"a ;asa" li$*lat asa" *lat< s$/ "a/$si!" alsi!" 'ita"i$ E ;t**fr*l< )a$ rsi$ 5 D. ara ""r*l( 1. !#i ,i9i la,! )a$ ri$/a$ )$/a$ ,ai 1 Mas!a$ ,i9i la,! )ala" *'$ )$/a$ s!(! ti$//i 107 *8 2 Stla( )ia$//a$/ ,ri ta$a$ ti$//i a)a ,i9i trs,!t ; press 3 Mi$+a ,r6ar$a (i9a! /la aa$ l!ar a)a saat ",ria$ 0
ta$a$ trs,!t )is,!t "i$+a ,i9i la,! 3 / )ari ,i9i la,! )aat "$/(asila$ sitar 1 litr "i$+a ,i9i la,!-
5+tt&##itisgo)#ser)let#%ingle&t#%ingle&t sear,+to&i,:%;
35
E. K/!$aa$ P!"i$ s) *il )aat )i/!$aa$ !$t! "$/!ra$/i "asala( r*stat
)a$ a$)!$/ "i(
"$/*,ati si$)r*"
iritasi
!s!s
"$!r!$a$ rsi* ,at! /i$9al "$#/a( atri*slr*sis "$/at!r a)ar *lstr*l a$ti*si)a$ "$9a/a as(ata$ t!la$/ )a$ a$t(l"i$ti#&
1$2ashe%?nu* Oil 9Kalonica Kusuma%ar&ani 1!"'(!)1 A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*"= Pla$ta • S!,i$/)*" = ?ir)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts • I$frai$/)*"= Strt*(+ta – la$) la$ts • Di'isi*$= Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts • • • • • • • • •
S!,)i'isi*$=
sr"at*(+ti$a – s) la$ts I$fra)i'isi*$= A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts lass= Ma/$*li*si)a S!r*r)r= r*sa$a Or)r= Sai$)als 8a"il+= A$a#ar)i#a : #as(6 G$!s= A$a#ar)i!" L Ssis= Anacardium occidentale L. 4 Si"lisia= Bi9i ;S"$<
B. Ta$a"a$ P*(*$
Anacardium
occidentale L.
,r!!ra$ s)a$/ )$/a$ ti$//i (i$//a 12". Pr#a,a$/a$ !"!"$+a l!ar )ari ,a6a( )a$ "l$/!$/ atas. Da!$ – )a!$ a)a ta$a"a$ i$i trlta a)a !9!$/ ra$ti$/. Hlai )a!$ ,rta$/ai )$/a$
,!$)ar
a$/al
tl!r
tr,ali
"r!$#i$/
!"!"$+a
)a$
!9!$/
"",!$)ar "l! )ala" /!$)!l ,r!!ra$ 0:22% #" 2%:1% #". Kl*a ""ilii ra",!t )$/a$ a$9a$/ 0:%%"". Ma(*ta ,r,$t! r!$#i$/ ,r6ar$a !ti( "!)ia$ ,r!,a( "$9a)i "ra(. B!a( /l! ,r6ar$a #*lat t!a )a$ "",$/*.
8 P+arma,ognosy $y Edard P la!s 9+tt&##itisgo)#ser)let#%ingle&t#%ingle&t sear,+to&i,:%;
P*(*$ occidentale L. A"ria
Anacardium ,rasal
tr*i#
)a$
)ari
)ara(
trs,ar
)i
Msi* sa"ai Pr! Brasilia I$)ia )a$ M*Fa",i )i Afria Ti"!r. P*(*$ trs,!t )aat t!",!( a)a ti$//ia$ 1" : 1277" )iatas r"!aa$ la!t. Pali$/ #*#* t!",!( )i )atara$ r$)a( )a$ r,!ita$ )$/a$ ti$//ia$ &77" )iatas r"!aa$ la!t. 17 . Ka$)!$/a$ as(6 N!t Oil tr)iri )ari asa" l"a s$sial tr!ta"a asa" *lat )a$ asa" li$*lat -- r*ti$ 21 'ita"i$ A 'ita"i$ D 'ita"i$ E 'ita"i$ K )a$ /ara":/ara" "i$ral +ait! alsi!" f*sf*r )a$ ,si.11 D. ara ""r*l( ara ",!ata$ #as(6 $!t *il a)a 2 ta(a +ait!= 1< P$/rssa$ ;rssi$/< Ka#a$/ "t )i!r!ta$ "$!r!t !!ra$ )a$ "ata$/a$. K"!)ia$ r$l ,i9i )i9"!r )i ,a6a( si$ar "ata(ari. Ja",! "t r$l )ita$ !$t! )ia",il "i$+a )$/a$ !alitas +a$/ ,ai. Ttai "i$+a +a$/ )i)aat "asi( r$)a( ;a"as ,risar 17:2%< )a$ !alitas$+a!$ "asi( )ia$//a r$)a( ar$a
"asi(
,a$+a
,r#a"!r
air
.
P$/rsa$
"$//!$aa$ ta$a$ 277 /@#" 2 )a$ t"rat!r 12%*. 12 2< Estrasi "$//!$aa$ lar!t i"ia Stla( )i strasi )i(asila$ "i$+a #!! ti$//i ;"i$+a +a$/ trsisa !ra$/ )ari 1< )a$ !alitas "i$+a 9a!( l,i( ,ai ;a)ar air sa$/at r$)a(<. Stla( it! sr,! ,i9i 9a",! "t (asil rarasi )iti",a$/ s,a$+a 177/ "!)ia$ )i"as!a$ )ala" alat rfl!s )a$ )i"as!a$ 2%7 "l lar!t (sa$*l:ta$*l ;3=1<.
10+tt&##re&ository!s!a,id#$itstream#123456789#26022#4#+a&ter =20**&d 11 +tt&##n!tritiondatasel,om#a,ts#n!t-and-seed-&rod!,ts#3094#2 12Tyman, J., Johnson, R., Muir, M. and Rokhgar, R. (1989). The extraction of natural cashew nut-shell liquid from the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale). JAOCS , 66(4), pp.553-557. 37
Stla( tr$)a" #a"!ra$ )irfl!s a)a t"rat!r 07* sla"a 5 9a" )a$ )ila!a$ 3 ali s#ara ,rti$/at )i"a$a stia r$)a"a$ sla"a 5 9a" lar!t$+a )i/a$ti )$/a$ +a$/ ,ar!. U$t! stia
r*ss
strasi
lar!ta$
stra
)iisa(a$ )ari a"as$+a )$/a$ $+ari$/a$ )a$ stla( 3 ali strasi filtrat )i#a"!r 9a)i sat!. Sla$9!t$+a (asil strasi )i)stilasi a)a t"rat!r 57* !$t! ""isa(a$ "i$+a )ari lar!t$+a "$//!$aa$ alat r*tar+ 'a*rat*r 'a!".
E. K/!$aa$ as(6 $!t *il )aat )i/!$aa$ s,a/ai "i$+a /*ri$/ +a$/ ,ai. Slai$ it! "$/a$)!$/ asa" *lat (i$//a %- s(i$//a "$9a)ia$ a#a$/ ") s,a/ai s!",r $r/+ )a$ 9!/a )aat "ra$/sa$/ ,ala$ t!,!( )a$ "$/a$)!$/ r*ti$ s,a$+a 21 )a$ ,risi asa" a"i$* s$sial. as(6 $!t *il 9!/a )aat "",a$t! "$i$/ata$ lastisitas !lit srta ""ilii a$ti:a/i$/ tr(a)a !lit r!sa )a$ ri$/ srta "$/a$)!$/ 'ita"i$ E +a$/ )aat "li$)!$/i sl )a$ 9ari$/a$ tr(a)a r!saa$ +a$/ )is,a,a$ *l( *si)asi.13
1"2Oleum acao 9.heo=roma oil Ol( Jssi#a Maria ;1375073%01< Lemak okla* a)ala( l"a #*lat a)at +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$
a$as ,i9i *heobroma cacao L. +a$/ tla( )i!as )a$ )ia$//a$/ P"ria$ = l"a a)at ,r6ar$a !ti( !$i$/a$> ,a! (as ar*"ati> rasa (as l"a> a/a ra!( ;8I III (al. 0%3< A. Klasifiasi
13 Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties Of Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) Oil and Cashew nut Shell Liquid. (2008). agricultural, food, and environmental sciences, 2(1), pp.1-7. 38
• • • • • •
Ki$/)*"= Pla$ta – la$ts S!,i$/)*" = ?iri)ala$ta – /r$ la$ts I$frai$/)*" = Strt*(+ta – la$) la$ts Di'isi*$ = Tra#(*(+ta – 'as#!lar la$ts S!,)i'isi*$ = Sr"at(*(+ti$a – s) la$ts I$fra)i'isi*$ = A$/i*sr"a – fl*6ri$/ la$ts
•
a$/i*sr"s lass S!r*r)r Or)r 8a"il+ G$!s S#is
= Ma/$*li*si)a = R*sa$a = Mal'als = Mal'a#a – "all*6s "a!'s = *heobroma L. = T(*,r*"a #a#a* L.
•
Si"lisia
= ,i9i ;s"$<
• • • • •
B. Ta$a"a$ Ta$a"a$ *heobroma cacao )aat t!",!( sa"ai ti$//ia$ 17 "tr. Ta$a"a$ i$i ,a$+a )i(asila$ )i Pa$tai Ga)i$/ G(a$a I$)*$sia Ni/ria BraFil Ka"r!$ E!a)*r )a$ Mala+sia. Ta$a"a$ aa* ,rsifat )i"*rfis" arti$+a ""!$+ai )!a ,$t! t!$as '/tatif. T!$as +a$/ ara( rt!",!(a$$+a atas )is,!t )$/a$ t!$as *rt*tr* ata! t!$as air ;6i6ila$ ata! #(!a$< s)a$/a$ t!$as +a$/ ara( rt!",!(a$$+a sa"i$/ )is,!t )$/a$ la/i*tr* ;#a,a$/ ias ata! fa$<. Aar$+a ,r!a aar t!$//a$/. Da!$ aa* 9!/a ,rsifat )i"*rfis". Pa)a t!$as *rt*tr* ta$/ai )a!$$+a a$9a$/ +ait! -% – 17 #" s)a$/a$ a)a t!$as la/i*tr* a$9a$/ ta$/ai )a!$$+a (a$+a sitar 2% #". Ta$/ai )a!$ ,$t!$+a sili$)r )a$ ,rsisi (al!s. B$t! (lai )a!$ ,!lat ""a$9a$/ ;*,l*$/!s< !9!$/ )a!$ "r!$#i$/ ;a#!"i$at!s< )a$ a$/al )a!$ r!$#i$/ ;a#!t!s<. S!s!$a$ t!la$/ )a!$ "$+iri )a$ t!la$/ )a!$ "$*$9*l r"!aa$ ,a6a( (lai )a!$. Ti )a!$ rata )a/i$/ )a!$ tiis ttai !at srti ra"$. ar$a )a!$ )6asa (i9a! t!a ,r/a$t!$/ a)a !lti'ar$+a. Pa$9a$/ )a!$ )6asa 37 #" )a$ l,ar$+a 17 #". Pr"!aa$ )a!$ li#i$ )a$ "$/ila. B!$/a$+a "r!aa$ ,!$/a s"!r$a ""ilii % (lai cal)x. B!a( +a$/ tia "!)a ,r6ar$a (i9a! ata! (i9a! a/a !ti( 9ia s!)a( "asa aa$ ,r6ar$a !$i$/. S"$tara it! ,!a( +a$/ tia "!)a ,r6ar$a "ra(
39
stla( "asa ,r6ar$a 9i$//a ;*ra$/<. B!a( aa$ "asa stla( ,r!"!r $a" ,!la$. Pa)a saat it! !!ra$$+a ,ra/a" )ari a$9a$/ 17 (i$//a 37 #". Bi9i )i,!$/!s *l( )a/i$/ ,!a( ;!la< +a$/ ,r6ar$a !ti(. Di s,la( )ala" )a/i$/ ,!a( tr)aat !lit ,i9i ;tsta< +a$/ "",!$/!s )!a *til)*$ )a$ *r*s ",ri*. Bi9i$+a "$/a$)!$/ 1:0 t(*,r*"i$ )a$ 3%:%7 "i$+a l"a.
. Ka$)!$/a$ Ol!" a#a* "$/a$)!$/ /lisri)a )ari asa" starat asa" al"itat asa" *lat )a$ asa" la!rat. Tr)aat !la s9!"la( #il /lisri)a )ari asa" ara(i)at asa" li$*lat asa" f*ritat asa" astat )a$ asa" ,!tirat.
D. ara M"r*l( Ol!" #a#a* a)ala( l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ a$as ,i9i +a$/ tla( )i(ila$/a$ !lit ,i9i$+a "!)ia$ )ir$)a" )$/a$ air 1=17 lal! )ia$//a$/ ,i9i +a$/ )ia$//a$/ )i/ili$/ )$/a$ $a",a(a$ $atri!" ar,*$at lal! )iras sla/i "asi( a$as "!)ia$ )i"!r$ia$.
E. K/!$aa$ K/!$aa$ *l!" #a#a* a)ala( s,a/ai a$ti*si)a$ "*li$ )a$ ,asis s!*sit*ria
1(2Oleum Iecoris Aselli 9o&li
#allarias L. )a$ ssis Ga)!s lai$$+a )i"!r$ia$ )$/a$ $+ari$/a$ a)a s!(! 7 . P*t$si 'ita"i$ a ti)a !ra$/ )ari 577 UI r / *t$si 'ita"i$ D ti)a !ra$/ )ari &7 UI r /. P"ria$ = #aira$> !$i$/ !#at> ,a! (as ti)a t$/i a/a "a$is> rasa (as ;8I III = 0%-<
40
A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" • S!,i$/)*" • I$frai$/)*" • P(+l!" • S!,(+l!" • I$fra(+l!" • S!r#lass • lass • S!,#lass • I$fra#lass • S!r*r)r • Or)r •
= A$i"alia – a$i"als = Bilatria = D!tr*st*"ia = (*r)ata – #(*r)ats = ?rt,rta – 'rt,rats = G$at(*st*"ata = Osti#(t(+s – ,*$+ fis(s = A#ti$*tr+/ii – ra+:fi$$) fis(s si$+ ra+) fis(s = N*tr+/ii : $*tr+/ia$s = Tl*sti = Para#a$t(*tr+/ii = Ga)if*r"s – /r$a)irs "rl!s "*r!s /a)if*r"s
•
#*)s (as 8a"il+ S!,fa"il+ G$!s S#is
= Ga)i)a – #*)fis(s tr! #*)s ,a#al*$s "*r!s #*)s = Ga)i)a – #*)s (a))*# = 5adus L. – #*""*$ #*)fis(s = 5adus callarias
•
Si"lisia
= (ati
• • •
B. H6a$ Ia$ K*) a)ala( sat! 9$is ia$ )ari /$!s Ga)!s fa"ili Ga)i)a +a$/ (i)! )i sa"!)ra. Ia$ *) "r!aa$ sala( sat! 9$is ia$ +a$/ ,a$+a )i"aa$. Hati ia$ *) )ir*ss !$t! ""r*)!si "i$+a (ati *). Ia$ *) trs,ar )i raira$ Pasifi )a$ Atla$ti. K*) Pasifi !"!"$+a ,r!!ra$ l,i( #il )ari K*) Atla$ti. Ia$ *) )ari /$!s Ga)!s ""ilii ti/a siri !$//!$/ )a$ )!a siri a$!s +a$/ "",!lat. Siri l'is ,r!!ra$ #il )$/a$ !9!$/ +a$/ ""a$9a$/ )a$ ,ra)a )i ,a6a( $!t! i$sa$/. Mata$+a ,r!!ra$ s)a$/. K*) ""ilii /aris !ti( +a$/ ""a$9a$/ sa$9a$/ t!,!($+a )ari i$sa$/ (i$//a *r. Brat rata:rata ia$ *) a)ala( a$tara %–12 / $a"!$ ssi"$ ,r!!ra$ 177 / r$a( )ita$/a. K*) Pasifi !"!"$+a ,r!!ra$ l,i( #il )ari K*) Atla$ti )a$ ,r6ar$a l,i( /la ; "Gadus morhua". FishBase. Ed. ^
Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. April 2012 version. N.p.: Fishase! 2012
41
. Ka$)!$/a$ ?ita"i$ A )a$ D /lisri)a tri"al"itat )a$ tristarat *lstr*l /lisri)a )a$ asa":asa" 9$!( +a$/ )is,!t asa" "*rr(!at ,r!a #a"!ra$ ,r,a/ai asa"= asa" +a*lat asa" traiat asa" aslat asa" /a)i$at +*)i!" ,asa:,asa asli$ )a$ "*rr(!i$. U$s!r:!$s!r= l Br S P )a$ 8 s,a/ai s$+a6a *r/a$i#
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Ba(a$ sal s!",r 'ita"i$ A ;ti)a !ra$/ )ari 577 SI@/ra"< )a$ 'ita"i$ D ;ti)a !ra$/ )ari &7 SI@/ra"<
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Ol( = Jssi#a Maria ;1375073%01< Lemak 4ulu Dom=a a)ala( Fat sr!a l"a +a$/ )i"!r$ia$ )ir*l(
)ari ,!l! )*",a O'is aris Li$$ ;8a"ilia B*'i)a< +a$/ )i,rsi(a$ )a$ )i(ila$/a$ 6ar$a )a$ ,a!$+a. M$/a$)!$/ air ti)a l,i( )ari 72%. B*l( "$/a$)!$/ a$ti*si)a$ +a$/ ss!ai ti)a l,i( )ari 772 P"ria$ = Massa srti l"a l$/t> !$i$/ "!)a ata! !$i$/ !#at> a/a t",!s #a(a+a> ,a! (as ;8I I? (al %&<
A. Klasifiasi Ki$/)*" • S!,i$/)*" • I$frai$/)*" • P(+l!" • S!,(+l!" • I$fra(+l!" • S!r#lass • lass • I$fra#lass • Or)r • 8a"il+ • S!,fa"il+ • G$!s • S#is •
= A$i"alia – a$i"als = Bilatria = D!tr*st*"ia = (*r)ata : #(*r)ats = ?rt,rata – 'rt,rats = G$at(*st*"ata = Ttra*)a = Ma"alia – "a""als = E!t(ria = Arti*)a#t+la – arti*)a#t+ls = B*'i)a – a$tl*s #attl /*ats s( ,*'i)s = ari$a = &
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B. H6a$ D*",a )*"sti# a)ala( r!"i$a$sia +a$/ rlati' #il ,iasa$+a )$/a$ ra",!t ,rr!t +a$/ )is,!t 6*l )a$ ""ilii ta$)! ,r,$t! siral latral. D*",a )*"sti ,r,)a )ari ra,at liar "ra )a$ $$ "*+a$/ )ala" ,,raa (al tla( "$9a)i $*t$i# !$i ai,at ",iaa$ sltif *l( "a$!sia. B,raa t!r!$a$ ri"itif )*",a ""rta(a$a$ ,,raa aratristi s!! liar "ra srti *r $). Tr/a$t!$/ a)a ",iaa$ )*",a )*"sti "!$/i$ ti)a
43
""ilii ta$)! sa"a sali ata! ta$)! a)a )!a 9$is la"i$ ata! a)a 9a$ta$ sa9a. K,a$+aa$ t!r!$a$ ,rta$)! ""ilii sat! asa$/a$ ttai ,,raa t!r!$a$ "!$/i$ ""ilii ,,raa.
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E. K/!$aa$ E"!lsif+i$/ a/$t ,asis sal "$i$/ata$ a,s*rsi tr(a)a Fat atif
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BAB III PENUTUP 212 Kesim8ulan *$t*(:#*$t*( "i$+a l"a ,r)asara$ 8ar"a* I$)*$sia a$tara lai$=
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Ol!" Ri#i$i ;Mi$+a Jara< ast*r Oil@ ast*r *il S) A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ ,i9i Ricinus communis L +a$/ tla( )i!as.
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Ol!" Li$i Li$s) Oil 8las) *il@Li$s) Oil ;USP< A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( "rasa$ ,i9i "asa Linum usitassinum L.
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Ol!" Oli'ar!"@Ol!" Oli'a ;Mi$+a ait!$< Oli' Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ )i$/i$ ,i9i "asa &lea europea L. 9ia rl! )i"!r$ia$.
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Ol!" Ara#(i)is ;Mi$+a Ka#a$/< Pa$!t Oil Ara#(is Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ tla( )i"!r$ia$ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ ,i9i Arachidis h)poeae L +a$/ tla( )i!as.
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S*+ ,a$ Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ ,i9i 5l)cine so6a. Ol!" G*ss+ii S"i$is *tt*$s) Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari ,i9i 5oss)pium hirsutum +a$/ )ita$ !at.
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Ol!" Ssa"i ;Mi$+a i9$< Ssa" Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ ,i9i (esamum indicum L.
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Ol!" A"+/)alar!" Al"*$) Oil S6t al"*$) Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ ,i9i 'runus am)dalus dulcis )i,ri ta$a$ s,sar 3%7at". Prsi# Oil Ari#*t r$l Oil A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ )i$/i$ ,i9i 'runus
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Ol!" (a!l"*/ra (a!l"*/ra Oil
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A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ )i$/i$ )ari ,i9i )ari ,!a( "asa s/ar ;idnocarpus wihtiana 8lume, ;)dnocarpus antelmintica 'ierre )a$ *araktoenus kur7ii Ki$/.
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lar!t lai$ +a$/ "!)a( "$/!a. P!"i$ s) Oil • A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ ,i9i 9ucurbita pepo. as(6 $!t Oil • A)ala( "i$+a l"a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari "rasa$ ata! $/strasia$ ,i9i Anacardium occidentale L. Ol!" a#a* ;Mi$+a *lat< T(*,r*"a Oil • A)ala( l"a a)at +a$/ )ir*l( )$/a$ "rasa$ ,i9i T(*,r*"a
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#a#a* L +a$/ tla( )i!as)a$ )ia$//a$/ Ol!" I#*ris ;Mi$+a Ia$< A)ala( "i$+a +a$/ )ir*l( )ari (ati s/ar Ga)!s #alaris L )a$ s#is /a)!s lai$$+a )i"!r$ia$ )$/a$ $+ari$/a$ a)a s!(! 7.
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A)s La$a **l 8at A$(+)r*!s La$*li$ Rfi$) **l 8at A)ala( Fat sr!a l"a +a$/ )i"!r$ia$ )ir*l( )ari ,!l! )*",a O'is aris Li$$ ;8a"ilia B*'i)a< +a$/ )i,rsi(a$ )a$ )i(ila$/a$ 6ar$a )a$ ,a!$+a.
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