LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN PENDAHULU AN ASUHAN KEPERAWA KEPERAWATAN PASIEN DENGAN EFUSI PERIKARDIUM
DISUSUN OLEH :
NAMA
:NI KADEK SINTA PURNAMA FEBRIASARI
NIM
: P07120015002
KELAS
: 2.1
POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KESEHATAN DENPASAR PROGRAM STUDI D-III JURUSAN KEPERAWATAN TAHUN TAHUN 2017 201 7
A. Definii
Efusi perikr!iu" !#$ pe%u"puk% &ir% '%(r"# !#" ru%) perikr!iu". I%i !p* !ise''k% (#e$ 'er')i ke#i%% sis*e"ik+ #(k# *u i!i(p*ik. ,ir% *erse'u* !p* 'erup *r%su!*+ eksu!*+ pi(perikr!iu"+ *u $e"(perikr!iu". Efusi perikr!iu" 'is ku* *u kr(%is+ !% #"%- perke"'%)% "e"i#iki pe%)ru$ 'esr *er$!p )e#/)e# psie% S*ri"e# + 2003. Efusi perikr!i# "e%)&u p! "suk%- &ir% ke !#" k%*u%) perikr!iu". Ke!i% i%i 'is%- !iser*i !e%)% perikr!i*is+ ))# %*u%)+ *u 'e!$ %*u%). S"e#*4er+,.Su4%%e+ 2001+ $#. 13. Se&r %(r"# k%*u%) perikr!iu% 'erisi &ir% se'%-k kur%) !ri 50 "#. ,ir% perikr!iu" i%i k% *erku"u#si ki'* !ri !%- per!%)%+ ke#i%% sis*e"ik+ "upu% ki'* !ri 'e!$ %*u%)+ se$i%)) &ir% p! k%*u%) perikr!iu" k% *ersekresi se"ki% '%-k "e#e'i$i ke""pu% 's(rpsi%-. !. E"i#$#%i
Me%uru* S"e#*4er+ ,. Su4%%e 20013 Efusi Perikr!i# seri%) !i6#i (#e$ su*u ke!% per!%)% p! Perikr!iu" Perikr!i*is3+ ))# %*u%)+ !% u) 'e!$ %*u%). Se#i% i*u !%- *u"(r !% u) *ru" p! %*u%) u) !p* "e%-e'pk% *er!i%- Efusi Perikr!i#. Dis"pi%) pe%-e'p -%) #%)su%) "e%)e%i %*u%)+ *er!p* pe%-e'p #i% -%) 'ers# !ri (r)% *u'u$ -%) #i% -%) !p* "e%-e'pk% Efusi Perikr!i# -i*u k%ker pru !% k%ker p-u!r. # i%i !ikre%k% "e*p#si !ri se# k%ker -%) "e%-er%) pru !% p-u!r !p* 'er"e*s*se ke s*ruk*ur *er!ek*%-+ s#$ s*u%- !#$ peri&r!iu". &. P'"#fii#$#%i
Ru%) perikr!i# 'is%- $%- 'erisi 15/50 "# &ir% -%) 'erfu%)si se')i pe#u"s u%*uk #pis% 8is&er# !% prie*# perikr!iu". ,ir% i%i !i!u) 'ers# !ri perikr!iu" 8is&er# !% p! !sr%- "erupk% u#*rfi#*r* p#s". A!%- pe%-e'p seper*i per!%)% p! perikr!iu"+ ))# %*u%)+ 'e!$ %*u%)+ *ru" %*u%)+ !% k%ker !p* "e%)ki'*k% &ir% perikr!iu" *erku"u#si se&r 'er#e'i$% -%) *i!k !ii"'%)i !e%)% 's(rpsi -%) !eku*+ -%) *erku"u#si se&r
#"'* *%p "e%-e'pk% )e# -%) %-*. N"u% !e"iki%+ perke"'%)% efusi -%) &ep*+ !p* "ere)%)k% perikr!iu" s"pi ukur% "ksi"# !% "e%-ep'k% pe%uru%% &ur$ %*u%) ser* pe%i%)k*% #ir% '#ik 8e% ke %*u%). Pe%uru%% &ur$ %*u%) !p* "e%)ki'*k% #ir% !r$ k(r(%er "e%uru%+ se$i%)) !p* "e%-e'pk% *er!i%- iske"i p! "i(kr!i". Se#i% i*u+ pe%uru%% &ur$ %*u%) u) !p* "e%-e'pk% perfusi ri%)% "e%uru% -%) 'erki'* p! * i) $# -i*u k(%)es*i p! pu#"(%# -%) ke"u!i% "e%-e'pk% *er!i%- sesk %ps. Ke"u!i% perfusi ri%)% -%) "e%uru%+ "e%)ki'*k% #ir% !r$ sis*e"ik -%) *i!k !eku* !% "e"'u* *er!i%- ke#e"$% fisik. Terk$ir perfusi ri%)% -%) "e%uru% 'erki'* p! k(%!isi !% pr()%(sis pe%-ki* -%) !p* "e"'u* psie% "ers &e"s. D. M'nife"'i K$ini
Psie% "u%)ki% k% "e%)e#u$ !! *ers pe%u$ *u s%)* %-eri. Pere)%)% k%*u%) perikr!iu" "e%-e'pk% !! seper*i *er*ek%. T%!/*%! #i% "e%&kup %ps pe%!ek+ !% *ek%% !r$ -% "e%uru% !% 'erf#uk*usi. P! s* i%spirsi+ *ek%% !r$ "e%!i re%!$ pu#sus pr(!(ksus3 !% !e%-u* %!i *i!k !p* !ir'. Tek%% 8e% &e%!eru%) "e%i%)k* !% 'u%-i %*u%) #e"$ !i*%!i !e%)% pe"'esr% 8e% #e$er. T%! kr!i%# )%))u% i%i !#$ *ek%% !r$ r*eri "e%uru%+ *ek%% !e%-u* %!i "e%uru%+ *ek%% 8e% "e%i%)k* !% 'u%-i %*u%) #e"$. E. Pe(e)i*''n Di'%n#"i*
Pe"eriks% !i)%(s*ik -%) !p* !i#kuk% p! Efusi Perikr!i# !i%*r%- se')i 'eriku* : 1. F(*( T$(rk : !i#kuk% u%*uk "e#i$* !%- pe"'esr% %*u%) -%) 'is%- k% 'er'e%*uk )#('u#er. 9"'r% %*u%) seper*i i%i 'ru *"pk ik &ir% #e'i$ !ri 250 "# ser* seri%) u) !iu"pi efusi p#eur. 2. E&$(&r!i()rp$- : "erupk% pe"eriks% %(%i%fsif -%) p#i) kur*+ !isi%i k% *"pk ku"u#si &ir% !i !#" k%*u%) perikr!iu". K!%)/k!%) *"pk u) !%- "e*s*se p! !i%!i%) perikr!iu". . Perikr!i(si%*esis : se'ik%- "e"ki *u%*u%% ek(kr!i()rfi se$i%)) #e'i$ "%. Seki*r 50; &ir% spir* 'ersif* $e"(r)ik !% 10; ser(s%)ui%us. P! &ir% i%i !i#kuk% pe"eriks% ku#*ur+ $i*u%) se# !% si*(#()i. Pe"eriks% si*(#()i &ukup se%si*if
!e%)% ke"e"pu% !i)%(s*ik seki*r 0;+ *e*pi $si# %e)*if p#su seri%) *er!i p! #i"f(" "#i)% !% "es(*e#i(". D#" ke!% !e"iki% !i#kuk% 'i(psi perikr!iu". <. ,T/S&% : !i#kuk% u%*uk "e%e%*uk% k("p(sisi &ir% !% !p* "e%!e*eksi se!iki*%- 50 "# &ir% !% !p* "e%!e*eksi !%- k#siifiksi. 5. MRI : !i#kuk% u%*uk "e%!e*eksi se!iki*%- 0 "# &ir% perikr!i#+ !p* "e%!e*eksi !%- $e"(r)ik *u *i%!k. N(!u#ri*-=pe%-i"p%)% !ri perikr!iu" -%) !i#i$* p! MRI "u%)ki% "erupk% i%!iksi !ri efusi )s. 6.
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
.
Pe"eriks% Bi(ki"i Se&r 'i(ki"i effusi p#eur *er')i *s *r%su!* !% eksu!*
'.
&. 7.
A%#is &ir% p#eur /
Tr%su!*
: er%i$+ keku%i%)%
/
Eksu!*
: ku%i%)+ ku%i%)/ke$iu%
/
i#(*$(r>
: pu*i$ seper*i susu
/
E"pie"
: ke%*# !% keru$
/
E"pie" %er('
: 'er'u 'usuk
/
Mes(*e#i("
: s%)* ke%*# !% 'er!r$
Per$i*u%)% se# !% si*(#()i
Pe"eriks% #i% : k*erissi r%) !i per#uk%. Disi%i !iu"pi *ek%% !is*(#ik !#" *riu" k%%+ 8e%*rike# k%% !% r*eri pu#"(%#is $"pir s".
F. Pen'"'$'*'n''n Me+i
Ap'i# fu%)si %*u%) s%)* *er)%))u+ "k per#u !i#kuk% spirsi perikr!i# *usuk% p! k%*u%) perikr!iu"3 u%*uk "e%)"'i# &ir% !ri k%*u%) perikr!iu". Tuu% u*"%- !#$ "e%&e)$ T"p(%!e %*u%) -%) !p* "e%)$"'* ker %*u%) %(r"#. Se#" pr(se!ur+ psie% $rus !ip%*u !e%)% EK9 !% pe%)ukur% *ek%% $e"(!i%"ik. Per#*% resusi*si !rur* u) $rus *erse!i. Kep# *e"p* *i!ur !i%ikk% <5/0 !er*+ )r %*u%) #e'i$ !ek* !e%)% !i%!i%) !! se$i%)) ru" !p* !i"sukk% !e%)% "u!$.
?ru" spirsi perikr!iu" !ips%) p! spui* 50 "#+ "e##ui *$ree/6- s*(p &(&k. Le! @ k6* #e! perk(r!i#3 EK9 !i$u'u%)k% ke uu%) ru" "e%)$isp !e%)% perek* #i)*(r+ kre% EK9 !p* "e"'%*u "e%e%*uk% pk$ ru" *e#$ "e%-e%*u$ perikr!iu". Bi# *er!i *usuk%+ "k k% *er!i e#e8si se)"e% ST *u s*i"u#si k(%*rksi 8e%*rike# pre"*ur. A! 'er')i *e"p* -%) "u%)ki% !i)u%k% u%*uk spirsi perikr!iu". ?ru" 'is !i"sukk% p! su!u* %*r '*s &(s* kiri !% sif(i!+ !ek* peks %*u%)+ %*r r(%)) ke#i" !% kee%" '*s s*er%u"+ *u p! '*s k%% s*er%u" p! r(%)) i%*erk(s*# kee"p*. ?ru" !i"sukk% per#$% $i%)) "e"per(#e$ &ir%. Bi# *eri pe%uru%% *ek%% 8e% se%*r# !e%)% !iser*i pe%i%)k* *ek%% !r$ i%i "e%u%ukk% *"p(%!e %*u%)%- su!$ $i#%). Psie% 'is%- ke"u%)ki%% "ers #e'i$ %-"%. Bi# &ir% !#" perikr!iu" &ukup '%-k+ "k per#u !ips%) k*e*er u%*uk "e%)#irk% per!r$% *upu% efusi -%) k"'u$. Se#" pr(se!ur i%i !i#kuk%+ per$*ik% !%- !r$ !#" &ir% -%) ke#ur. Dr$ perikr!iu" *i!k k% "e"'eku !e%)% &ep*+ se"e%*r !r$ -%) *i!k se%) *er$isp !ri 'i#ik %*u%) k% se)er "e"'eku. ,ir% perikr!iu" ke"u!i% k% !ikiri" ke #'(r*(riu" u%*uk pe"eriks% *u"(r+ ku#*ru 'k*eri+ %#is ki"i !% ser(#()is ser* $i*u%)% e%is se#. G. K#(,$i*'i
K("p#iksi -%) p#i%) seri%) *er!i p! Efusi Perikr!iu" !#$ T'(,#n'+e 'n"n% -i*u si*usi -%) !ise'pk% (#e$ ku"u#si &ir% !#" ru%) perikr!i#+
se$i%)) k("pr("i $e"(!i%"ik 8e%*rike# 'erkur%) "e%)isi !% 'eriku*%-. T"p(%!e %*u%) !#$ ke!% !rur* "e!is. Kese#uru$% risik( ke"*i% *er)%*u%) p! ke&ep*% !i)%(sis+ pe%)('*% !ise!ik%+ !% pe%-e'' -%) "e%!sri *"p(%!e i%i.
ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN A. Pen%*'i'n
1. Ke#u$% u*" : psie% 'is%- k% "e%)e#u$k% &ep* #e#$ !#" 'erk*ifi*s kre% !%- pe"'esr% %*u%) ki'* pe%"'$% 8(#u"e &ir% perikr!iu" -%) !p* "e%)$"'* ker %*u%) %("#.
2. Ri6-* pe%-ki* sekr%) : "e%%-k% ri6-* pe%-ki* -%) !i!eri* psie% s* i*u+ se#i% !ri ke#u$% -%) !iu%)kpk% psie%. . Ri6-* pe%-ki* !$u#u : "e%%-k% ri6-* pe%-ki* p s -%) per%$ !i#"i psie% se'e#u" "e%)#"i pe%-ki* -%) !i!eri* s* i%i. <. Ri6-* pe%-ki* ke#ur) : "e%%-k% ri6-* pe%-ki* -%) per%$ !i#"i %))(* ke#ur) -%) #i% -%) "u%)ki% !p* 'erup pe%-ki* $ere!i*er *upu "e%u#r. 5. Pe%)ki% p(# k*i8i*s is*ir$* : psie% 'is%- k% "e%)#"i ke#e"$% !% ke#e#$% -%) !i*%!i !e%)% *kikr!i+ Tek%% Dr$ "e%uru%+ !% !isp%e s* 'erk*ifi*s. . Pe%)ki% p(# sirku#si : psie% 'is%- "e"i#iki ri6-* Pe%-ki* ?%*u%) K(r(%er+ , Pru !% , M"e -%) !i*%!i !e%)% *kikr!i+ !isri*"i+ !% e!e". 7. Pe%)ki% p(# e#i"i%si : psie% 'is%- "e"i#iki ri6-* pe%-ki* )i%# !% pe%uru%% frekue%si uri% -%) !i*%!i !e%)% uri% *"pk pek* !% )e#p. . Pe%)ki% p(# per%ps% : psie% 'is%- k% "e%)#"i %ps pe%!ek -%) *er!i 'is- p! "#" $ri !i*%!i !e%)% !isp%e %(&*ur%#+ *kip%e+ !% per%ps% !%)k#. . Pe%)ki% p(# ke%-"%% : psie% 'is%- k% "e%)e#u$ %-eri p! !! se!%) s"pi 'er*3+ !iper'er* (#e$ i%spirsi+ )erk% "e%e#%+ 'er'ri%) : $i#%) !e%)% !u!uk+ 'ers%!r ke!ep% perikr!i*is3. N-eri !!=pu%))u%)=se%!i e%!(kr!i*is3. 10. Pe"eriks% fisik e! *( T(e . Kep# !% 6$ : pu&*+ 'i'ir si%(sis. '. Le$er : pe%i%))i% 8e% u)u#ris. &. D! : ! es *ru" *" !% *u"pu# !i !er$ !!+ *%! kus"u#+ 'u%-i %*u%) "e#e"$ = re!up !% pekk %*u%) "e#e'r !. A'!("e% !% pi%))%) : *i!k ! *%! !% )e#. e. Pe#8is !% Peri%eu" : *i!k ! *%! !% )e#. f.
Eks*ri"i*s : pu&*+ ku#i* !i%)i%+ ri *%)% !% kki si%(sis
*kip%e+
Pe"eriks% Pe%u%%) si# pe"eriks% E&$(&r!i()rfi p! Efusi Perikr!i# "e%u%ukk% : . K(#ps !is*(#e p! *riu" k%% '. K(#ps !is*(#e p! 8e%*rike# k%% &. K(#ps p! *riu" kiri. Pe%i%)k*% pe"suk% '%(r"# p! #ir% k*up *rikuspi!#is !% *er!i pe%uru%% pe"suk% !ri #ir% k*up "i*r# 15 ; !. Pe%i%)k*% pe"suk% '%(r"# p! 8e%*rike# k%% !e%)% pe%uru%% pe"suk% !ri 8e%*rike# kiri e. Pe%uru%% pe"suk% !ri k*up "i*r# . f. Pseu!( $iper*r(pi !ri 8e%*rike# kiri
!. Di'%n#' Ke,e)'/'"'n
1. P(# %ps *i!k efek*if 'er$u'u%)% !e%)% $iper8e%*i#si !i*%!i !e%)% *kip%e+ per%fs% 'i'ir+ pe%))u%% p(sisi *i) *i*ik+ &upi%) $i!u%). 2. Ke*i!kefek*if% 'ersi$% #% %fs 'er$u'u%)% !e%)% !isfu%)si %eur("usku#r !i*%!i !e%)% peru'$% frekue%si %fs+si%(sis+)e#is$+ kesu#i*% 'er'i&r. . Pe%uru%% &ur$ %*u%) 'er$u'u%)% !e%)% peru'$% frekue%si %*u%) !i*%!i !e%)% *kikr!i+ p#pi*si %*u%)+ peru'$% e#ek*r(kr!i()r" EK93. <. N-eri kr(%is 'er$u'u%)% !e%)% )%))u% iske"ik !i*%!i !e%)% !ip$(resis+ ekspresi 6$ %-eri+ "e%)ekspresik% peri#ku+ peri#ku !is*rksi+ peru'$% p! pr"e*er fisi(#()is+ peru'$% p(sisi u%*uk "e%)$i%!ri %-eri. 5. I%*(#er%si k*ifi*s 'er$u'u%)% !e%)% ke#e"$% !i*%!i !e%)% psie% *"pk !i'%*u s* "e#kuk% k*ifi*s seper*i "%!i+*(i#e*i%)+ 'erpki% !% 'erpi%!$.
&. In"e)eni Ke,e)'/'"'n 1.
P(# %ps *i!k efek*if 'er$u'u%)% !e%)% $iper8e%*i#si Di'%n#'
NO&
NI&
Ke,e)'/'"'n Definii : I%spirsi !% =
Se*e#$
!i#kuk%
*u ekspirsi -%) *i!k *i%!k%
per6*% Buk #% %ps+ )u%k% *ek%ik
"e"'eri 8e%*i#si.
se#" 2< "
!'"''n *')'*"e)i"i* :
p(# %fs k#ie% efek*if
/ Peru'$% ke!#"%
!e%)% kri*eri :
per%fs% / Peru'$% ekskursi !! / Pe%uru%%
*ek%%
ekspirsi /Per%fs% 'i'ir /Fse
ekspirsi
"e"%%)
"e%i*
pe"s%)%
Respir*(r- s**us :
#% %ps 'u*% Ps%) "-( 'i# per#u @e%*i#*i(% Respir*(r- s**us : Lkuk% fisi(*erpi !! 'i# per#u Ke#urk% sekre* !e%)% '*uk *u ir6- p*e%&su&*i(% @i*# si)% s**us 7 Ausku#*si sur %ps + &**
K)i"e)i' H'i$ :
!%- sur *"'$%
% '/*uk efek*if !% ur
/Pe%))u%% (*(*
&$i% #if* *u 6 *$rus* 'i# per#u P(sisik% k#ie% u%*uk "e"ksi/ "#k% 8e%*i#si I!e%*ifiksi per#u%-
Me%!e"(%s*rsik
/ Pe%uru%% 8e%*i#si per
Ai)/' ('n'e(en 5 6108
K(#'(rsi 'r(%k(!i#*(r 'i# per#u
%fs -%) M(%i*(r
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kses(rius u%*uk
si%(sis
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s**us
(ksi)e%
D(r(%) psie% "e#kuk% %fs
!e%)% !#"+ !i*$% 2 !e*ik ##u '*uk 2/
Disp%eu
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purse! #ips Te)',i O*i%en Me%u%ukk% #% 1. Bersi$k% "u#u*+ $i!u%) !% se&re* %fs -%) p*e% *r&$e = *e%))(r(k% k#ie% *i!k "ers 2. Per*$%k% p*e%si #% %fs *er&ekik + ir" . A*ur per#*% (ksi)e% %fs !% frekue%si <. M(%i*(r #ir% (ksi)e% %fs !#" re%*%) 5. Per*$%k% p(sisi psie% %(r"#+ *i!k ! . C'ser8si *%! kekur%)% (ksi)e% : sur %fs )e#i/s$+ si%(sis !## '%(r"# 9i"'$ Si%n M#ni"#)in% T%!/*%! 8i*# 1. M(%i*(r TD+%!i+su$u + RR !#" re%*%) 2. ,** !%- f#uk*usi *ek%% %(r"# *ek%% !r$ !r$+ %!i . M(%i*(r frekue%si !% ir"
/ Tkip%eu Me%)"'i# p(sisi *i) *i*ik /Pe%i%)k*%
!i"e*er
%*eri(r p(s*eri(r
F'*"#) 'n% e)3n%'n : • • • • • • •
A%sie*s P(sisi *u'u$ Def(r"i*s *u#%) Ke#e*i$% iper8e%*i#si Si%!r(" $ip(8e%*i#si 9%))u% "us&u#(ske#e*#
• •
• • •
Kerusk% %eur(#()is Disfu%)si %eur("us&u#r C'esi*s N-eri Ke#e*i$% per%fs%
+per%fs% 3
per%fs% <. M(%i*(r
p(#
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Di'%n#'
#
Ke,e)'/'"'n
1.
Definii
NO&
:
NI&
Se*e#$
!i#kuk%
Ke*i!k""pu%
*i%!k%
u%*uk
se#" > 2< "
"e"'ersi$k%
sekresi *u ('s*rukksi #%
keper6*% 1. Ps*ik% ke'u*u$% *r&$e#
%ps
ke'ersi$% #% %fs.
!'"''n *')'*"e)i"i* :
Disp%eu
Respi*(r-
. I%f(r"sik% p! k#ie% !%
8e%*i#*i(% Respir*(r-
<. Me"i%* k#ie% %ps !#" se'e#u" su&*i(% !i#kuk%
s**us : Air65 Berik% (ksi)e% !e%)% k%u# p*e%&%s# u%*uk "e"fsi#i*si
Cr*$(p%eu Si%(sis
!% sesu!$ su&*i(%i%)
: ke#ur) *e%*%) su&*i(%i%)
s**us
su&*i(%i%)
k#ie% 2 Ausku#*si sur %ps se'e#u"
!ri s#ur% per%fs% efek*if+ !e%)% kri*eri : u%*uk "e"per*$%k%
Ai)/' S"i#nin%
su&*i(%i%) %/s(*rk$e# K)i"e)i' 3'i$ :
Kesu#i*% 'er'i&r
9u%k% #* -%) s*eri# se*ip Me%!e"(%s*rsik% "e#kuk% *i%!k%
Ti!k ! '*uk
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ur
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!% M(%i*(r s**us (ksi)e% psie% ""pu e%*ik% su&*i(% p'i# k#ie% !e%)%
purse! #ips Me%u%ukk% #%
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
S"e#*4er+ Su4%%e ,. H Bre+ Bre%! 9. 2001. Buku Ar Keper6*% Me!ik# Be!$ Bru%%er H Su!!r*$ : e!i*(r3. ?kr* : E9, Tr6%*( H r*(%$. 2011. Ke'u*u$% Dsr M%usi !% Pr(ses Keper6*% E!isi <. ?kr* : S#e"' Me!ik
!r.Nu)r($(+ Tuf%. 2011. Asu$% Keper6*% M*er%i*s+ A%k+ Be!$+ !% Pe%-ki* D#". ()-kr* : Nu$ Me!ik N%! I%*er%si(%#. 2015. Di)%(sis Keper6*% Defi%isi !% K#sifiksi 2015/2017. ?kr* : E9, Mu**Ji%+Arif.
200. Buku
Ar
Asu$%
Keper6*%
K#ie%
!e%)%
9%))u%
Kr!i(8sku#er. ?kr* : S#e"' Me!ik
Me%)e*$ui Pe"'i"'i%) Prk*ek
S%)#$+ Apri# 2017 M$sis6
Sis*e"
NIP
NIM
Me%)e*$ui Pe"'i"'i%) I%s*i*usi
NIP