Los determinantes de la satisfacción laboral

@GCTJYGI ID YT[FSAO V @FHGH]GS L[GIO DH @FHGH]GS V COHYGKFJFIGI

JOS IDYD[AFHGHYDS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ

Yrgkgmo @fh id Lrgio prdsdhtgio por Mujfg Iágz Cohtrdrgs, sfdhio dj tutor idj afsao dj pro`dsor @rghcfsco Lóadz Lgrcág

P½. K½. idj Yutor=

Gjuahg=

I. @rghcfsco Lóadz Lgrcág

I. Mujfg Iágz Cohtrdrgs

Sdvfjjg. Agyo id ;279

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Lrgio dh @fhghzgs y Cohtgkfjfigi @gcujtgi id Yurfsao y @fhghzgs – Thfvdrsfigi id Sdvfjjg















L[GIO DH @FHGH]GS V COHYGKFJFIGI @GCTJYGI ID YT[FSAO V @FHGH]GS Y[GKGMO @FH ID L[GIO CT[SO GCGIÆAFCO U;273-;279Q

YÁYTJO=

JOS IDYD[AFHGHYDS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ GTYO[=

MTJFG IÁG] COHY[D[GS YTYO[=

I. @[GHCFSCO LÓAD] LG[CÁG. IDRG[YGADHYO=

DCOHOAÁG D NFSYO[FG DCOHÓAFCG. Ç[DG ID COHOCFAFDHYO= COHOCFAFDHYO=

DCOHOAÁG GRJFCGIG. [DSTADH= Dh jos ýjtfaos g÷os ng sfio id lrgh faportghcfg y okmdtfvo id aucngs fhvdstflgcfohds jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj, ho sójo pgrg jg psfcojolág y jg socfojolág, sfho tgakfæh pgrg jg dcohoaág, qud sd cdhtrg dh ifglhostfcgr cóao g`dctg jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj idj fhifvfiuo g jgs vgrfgkjds dcohóafcgs y cuçjds soh jos `gctords qud jd g`dctgh. G jo jgrlo id dstd trgkgmo sd dxpohirç jg faportghcfg qud tfdhd dstd cohcdpto dh dcohoaág, gsá coao g jgs vgrfgkjds dcohóafcgs g jgs qud g`dctg. G cohtfhugcfóh sd ngcd adhcfóh gj prokjdag id jg adifcfóh id dstg vgrfgkjd y dj aoidjo dstgiástfco qud usgh jgs daprdsgs pgrg adifrjg id jg òrag açs `fgkjd posfkjd. Ror ýjtfao, sd id`fhdh jos idtdrafhghtds id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj y dj fapgcto qud tfdhdh sokrd ifstfhtgs vgrfgkjds dcohóafcgs. RGJGK[GS CJGPD=















Lrgio dh @fhghzgs y Cohtgkfjfigi @gcujtgi id Yurfsao y @fhghzgs – Thfvdrsfigi id Sdvfjjg















Y@L-@FCO. Jos Idtdrafhghtds id jg Sgtfs`gccfóh Jgkorgj

ÁHIFCD

7. CGRÁYTJO 7= FHY[OITCCFÓH .......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. ............................................... 7 ;. CGRÁYTJO ;= JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ .......................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ..................................................................... 3 .................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................... 3 ;.7. COHCDRYO .................................................................

;.;. FARO[YGHCFG LDHD[GJ V DCOHÓAFCG ............................................................. ................................................................................................. .................................... 9 ;.;.7. D`dctos dh dj fhifvfiuo fhifvfiuo ............................................................................................................................................. 9 ;.;.;. D`dctos dh jg orlghfzgcfóh ................................................................................................................................ 4 ;.;.3. D`dctos socfgjds ............................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................... .................................... 0 ;.3. FHYD[R[DYGCFÓH ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ DH DCOHOAÁG . 0 ;.9. YDO[ÁGS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ V ID JG AOYFPGCFÓH IDJ Y[GKGMGIO[ ........................................................ ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................... < ;.9.7. ‚Ydorág id jos ios `gctords‑ id Ndrzkdrl ........................................................ ................................................................................. ......................... < ;.9.;. ‚Dj aoidjo id jos idtdrafhghtds id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dh dj trgkgmo‑ id Jgwjdr y Rortdr ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................... ......................... 6 ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................ 77 ;.9.3. Otrgs nfpótdsfs dcohóafcgs ........................................................ 3. CGRÁYTJO 3= JG ADIFCFÓH ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[ JGKO[GJ GJ ......................................................... 73 3.7. ADIFIGS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ .................................................................... ..................................................................................... ................. 73 3.7.7. Adifigs sukmdtfvgs ................................................................................................................................................... 73 3.7.;. Adifigs okmdtfvgs ........................................................ ........................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................. ............................... 79 ..................................................................................................... .......................................... 74 3.;. AOIDJO DSYGIÁSYFCO ID ADIFCFÓH ........................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ .......................................... 74 3.;.7. Idscrfpcfóh Idscrfpcfóh .................................................................. 3.;.;. Rrdsdhtgcfóh, djgkorgcfóh y dstgiástfcos idscrfptfvos ................................... 70 3.;.3. @fgkfjfigi y vgjfidz ............................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ................. 7< 3.3. DJ R[OKJDAG ID JG ADIFCFÓH .......................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................ 7> 9. CGRÁYTJO 9= JOS IDYD[AFHGHYDS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ ........................ ;7 9.7. JOS IDYD[AFHGHYDS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH DH DJ Y[GKGMO ............. ;7 9.7.7. Cgrgctdrástfcgs Cgrgctdrástfcgs pdrsohgjds .......................................................................................................................... ;7 9.7.;. Gspdctos jgkorgjds .................................................................................................................................................... ;9 9.;. D@DCYOS DH PG[FGKJDS AGC[ODCOHÓAFCGS ................................................................ ;< 9.;.7. [djgcfóh sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj-proiuctfvfigi dh jgs RVADS .................. ;< 9.;.;. Dj sáhiroad id Kurhout y jos d`dctos dcohóafcos .............................................. ;> 9.3. GHÇJFSFS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ DH DSRG×G. ........................................ ;6 9.9. GHÇJFSFS IDSC[FRYFPO ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ JGKO[GJ ................................ 32 4. COHCJTSFOHDS COHCJTSFOHDS .............................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ................. 33 0. Kfkjfolrg`ág Kfkjfolrg`ág ............................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ .......................................... 34 <. Ghdxos .............................................................. ................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................... 36
































CGRÁYTJO 7 FHY[OITCCFÓH

Dj dstuifo id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ng sfio iurghtd g÷os id lrgh fhtdræs pgrg ifvdrsgs cfdhcfgs, coao soh jg socfojolág y, sokrd toio, jg psfcojolág, yg qud por jo ldhdrgj, jgs pdrsohgs dapjdgh uhg tdrcdrg pgrtd id su tfdapo ifgrfo dh trgkgmgr, por jo qud poidaos vdr jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj coao uhg adtg. Sfh dakgrlo, jg dcohoaág tgakfæh ng òragio pgrtd id dstg agtdrfg, fhtdhtghio gportgr coh gyuig id otrgs rgags cfdhtá`fcgs hudvos puhtos id vfstg, tghto tdórfcos coao dapárfcos, idkfio, dhtrd otrgs rgzohds, por jg rdjgcfóh r djgcfóh qud dxfstd dhtrd jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj y jg proiuctfvfigi. G pdsgr id jos aucnos dstuifos qud sd ngh ndcno sokrd dstd tdag, dj pgpdj id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dh dcohoaág sflud dh dhtrdifcno idsid uh puhto id vfstg dapárfco, yg qud ds auy if`ácfj poidr cughtf`fcgr uh cohcdpto id cgrçctdr tgh sukmdtfvo coao ds jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Gýh gsá, trgtgrdaos id igr rdspudstgs g vgrfgs prdluhtgs, coao= ¿Cuçjds soh jos idtdrafhghtds id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj? ¿Cóao poidaos adifrjg? ¿Wuæ d`dcto tfdhd jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dh jg Dcohoaág? Dstd trgkgmo `fhgj id lrgio dstç ifvfifio dh cugtro cgpátujos y uhg cohcjusfóh `fhgj. Dh dj prdsdhtd cgpátujo sd ngcd uhg fhtroiuccfóh sokrd jos if`drdhtds tdags qud frdaos vfdhio g jo jgrlo idj trgkgmo. Dh dj sdluhio cgpátujo sd ngcd rd`drdhcfg, dh prfadr julgr, gj cohcdpto id sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Dj sflufdhtd dpálrg`d trgtg id rdsgjtgr jg faportghcfg qud tfdhd ifcno cohcdpto, tghto fhifvfiugj, coao socfgj y coao orlghfzgcfohgjadhtd. Dj tdrcdr dpálrg`d ngcd adhcfóh g jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dh dcohoaág y g cóao poidaos fhtdrprdtgrjg. Dh dj tdrcdr cgpátujo sd gkorig toio jo rd`drdhtd g jg adifcfóh id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Dj prfadr gpgrtgio trgtg id ngcdr uhg krdvd fhtroiuccfóh g jg if`ácfj adifcfóh id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Dh dj sdluhio gpgrtgio sd rdcoldh jos kdhd`fcfos aohdtgrfos y ho aohdtgrfos id ifcno cohcdpto. Dj sflufdhtd gpgrtgio rdcold jg idscrfpcfóh y dj procdso id uh aoidjo dstgiástfco pgrg adifr jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Rgrg `fhgjfzgr, dj ýjtfao gpgrtgio gkorig dj prokjdag qud dxfstd coh jg adifcfóh id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Dj ýjtfao cgpátujo id dstd trgkgmo ngcd nfhcgpfæ dh jos idtdrafhghtds id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. ¿Wuæ idtdrafhg qud uh fhifvfiuo dstæ sgtfs`dcno dh su trgkgmo?

















Iágz Cohtrdrgs, Mujfg


















CGRÁYTJO ; JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ ;.7. COHCDRYO G pdsgr id jgs aucngs fhvdstflgcfohds fhvdstflgcfohds y jftdrgturg cfdhtá`fcgs sokrd jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj, ho dxfstd uh gcudrio ldhdrgjfzgio sokrd dstd tærafho. Id ndcno, ho ngy uhg id`fhfcfóh `fhgj sokrd jo qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj rdprdsdhtg. If`drdhtds gutords ngh igio ifvdrsos dhòquds g jg id`fhfcfóh id sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. G cohtfhugcfóh sd cftgh jgs id`fhfcfohds açs coauhds dh oridh crohojólfco. crohojólfco. Noppoce (7634) id`fhfó jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj coao jg coakfhgcfóh id cfrcuhstghcfgs psfcojólfcgs, `fsfojólfcgs y gakfdhtgjds qud ngcdh g uhg pdrsohg idcfr qud dstç sgtfs`dcno coh su trgkgmo. Id gcudrio coh dstd dhòqud, guhqud jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dstç kgmo jg fh`judhcfg id aucnos `gctords dxtdrhos, sflud tdhfdhio `gctords fhtdrhos qud tfdhdh qud vdr coh cóao sd sfdhtd dj dapjdgio. Prooa (7609), por su pgrtd, sd÷gjó qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj sd cdhtrg dh dj pgpdj idj dapjdgio dh su julgr id trgkgmo. Id gcudrio coh dstg g`fragcfóh, id`fhfó jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj coao orfdhtgcfohds g`dctfvgs idj fhifvfiuo ngcfg su ocupgcfóh dh dj trgkgmo. Sflufdhio coh \dfhdrt (76>4), dstd gutor id`fhd jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj coao rdgccfohds, sdhsgcfohds y sdhtfafdhtos id uh afdakro id jg orlghfzgcfóh `rdhtd g su trgkgmo. Dstg cohcdpcfóh id jg sgtfs`gccfóh dh dh dj trgkgmo trgkgmo coao uhg uhg gctftui sd if`drdhcfg id jg aotfvgcfóh dh qud æstg ýjtfag sd rd`fdrd g jg cohiuctg idj dapjdgio, afdhtrgs qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh sd cdhtrg dh jos sdhtfafdhtos g`dctfvos `rdhtd gj trgkgmo y g jgs cohsdcudhcfgs qud puifdrgh idrfvgr id æj. Jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ds dj sdhtfio id uh trgkgmgior pgrg jjdlgr g jos jolros y æxftos dh dj trgkgmo. Dstç ifrdctgadhtd uhfio g jg proiuctfvfigi gsá coao gj kfdhdstgr pdrsohgj. Jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj fapjfcg ngcdr dj trgkgmo qud g uho jd lustg, ngcdrjo kfdh y sdr rdcoapdhsgio por jos dsùdrzos igios. Gidaçs, fapjfcg dhtusfgsao y `djfcfigi coh dj trgkgmo. Jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ds dj fhlrdifdhtd cjgvd qud cohiucd gj rdcohocfafdhto, g jos fhlrdsos y g jos jolros id jgs adtgs qud ngcdh sdhtfrsd gj trgkgmgior coapjdto (Egjfsef, ;22<) Jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ds dj cohmuhto id sdhtfafdhtos y crddhcfgs qud jg ldhtd tfdhd


















;.;.

FARO[YGHCFG FARO[YGHCF G LDHD[GJ V DCOHÓAFCG

[dsujtg fhtdrdsghtd dj dstuifo id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj, yg qud dh jg agyorág id pgásds fhiustrfgjfzgios jg pokjgcfóh sudjd dapjdgr gproxfagigadhtd jg tdrcdrg pgrtd id su tfdapo ifgrfo trgkgmghio. Coao ifmo \dfhdrt (76>4) ‚dj trgkgmo rdprdsdhtg jg

gctfvfigi fhifvfiugj açs fhtdhsg, tdaporgjadhtd açs gapjfg y `ásfcg, colhftfvg y daocfohgjadhtd açs dxfldhtd d fh`juydhtd id jg vfig pdr sohgj‑. Ror horag ldhdrgj, jos fhifvfiuos kuscgh toig sftugcfóh qud sdg pjgcdhtdrg y qud jds nglg `djfz, nuydh idj iojor y jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh, por jo qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ds uhg id jgs adtgs g jgs qud cugjqufdr pdrsohg qudrrág jjdlgr. ¿Wufæh ho qudrrág sdhtfrsd cóaoio, g lusto y sgtfs`dcno coh su trgkgmo? Id ndcno, jg sgtfs`gccfóh o fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dstçh áhtfagadhtd rdjgcfohgigs coh jos coaportgafdhtos y rdsujtgios qud tfdhdh lrgh faportghcfg pgrg jos afsaos fhifvfiuos, pgrg jg orlghfzgcfóh y pgrg jg socfdigi.

;.;.7. D`dctos dh dj fhifvfiuo G dscgjg fhifvfiugj, fhifvfiugj, jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj tfdhd ifvdrsgs cohsdcudhcfgs pgrg dj fhifvfiuo qud sd rdjgcfohgh coh jg sgjui, jg giopcfóh id coaportgafdhtos id ‚dscgpd‑

y dj dqufjfkrfo dhtrd jos çakftos jgkorgj y ho jgkorgj. G cohtfhugcfóh sd idtgjjgh cgig uhg id djjgs= Jg prfadrg ds jg sgjui `ásfcg. Dj kgmo hfvdj id sgtfs`gccfóh pudid pdrmuifcgr g jg sgjui id jos trgkgmgiords. Adhcfohghio g jos fhvdstflgiords id \ore fh Gadrfcg (\.D. Tpmonh Fhstftutd òr Dapjoyadht [dsdgrcn, 76<3), jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ds uho id jos prfhcfpgjds `gctords jgkorgjds gsocfgio coh uh gjto rfdslo id prokjdags cgriágcos y uhg prdsfóh grtdrfgj ghoragj, hfvdjds djdvgios id cojdstdroj y id gzýcgr dh sghlrd, dtc. Otros dstuifos tgakfæh ngh idscukfdrto uhg rdjgcfóh sflhf`fcgtfvg dhtrd jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj y gjluhos sáhtoags psfcosoaçtfcos coao iojords id cgkdzg pdrsfstdhtds o prokjdags prokjdags dstoagcgjds. Ygakfæh ng sfio coaprokgig jg rdjgcfóh hdlgtfvg qud tfdhd jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj y jg sgjui adhtgj id jos dapjdgios. Ror dmdapjo, ngy uhg rdjgcfóh dxfstdhtd coh dstgios id ghsfdigi, id idprdsfóh y dj coh dj sáhiroad id Kurhout (Kgcngrgcn dt gj., 7667). Sflufdhio coh jg johldvfigi, sd ng rdjgcfohgio jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj coh jg adhor dspdrghzg id vfig. Sdlýh uh dstuifo rdgjfzgio por \.D. Tpmonh Fhstftutd òr Dapjoyadht [dsdgrcn (76<3), (76<3), jg johldvfigi sd vd g`dctgig por jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj, jgkorgj, sdlufig por jg `djfcfigi dh ldhdrgj.


















trgkgmgior. V jg nfpótdsfs nfpótdsfs id sdladhtgcfóh qud g`frag qud jos fhifvfiuos fhifvfiuos soh cgpgcds id sdpgrgr jg vfig jgkorgj id jg ho jgkorgj.

;.;.;. D`dctos dh jg orlghfzgcfóh Rgrg sgkdr dj d`dcto qud pudid tdhdr jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dh jgs orlghfzgcfohds sd pudidh ngcdr vgrfgs fhvdstflgcfohds adifghtd dhcudstgs g jos dapjdgios, pgrg poidr igr rdspudstgs g ifvdrsos okmdtfvos. Jos d`dctos açs idstgcgios id jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dh jgs orlghfzgcfohds soh jos qud sd idsljosgh g cohtfhugcfóh. Dj gkghioho, coao prfadr `gctor cjgvd qud sd ng vfsto rdjgcfohgio hdlgtfvgadhtd coh jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj, pudid sdr auy costoso pgrg jgs daprdsgs5 jg rotgcfóh id trgkgmgiords supohd uh djdvgio costd, coao jos id idspfio5 jos idrfvgios id jg pærifig id proiuccfóh dhtrd dj idspfio id uh trgkgmgior y dj cohtrgto idj sflufdhtd o jos id òragcfóh idj pdrsohgj hudvo. Sflufdhio por dj gksdhtfsao, dj cugj ds uh faportghtd prokjdag dcohóafco pgrg jgs daprdsgs, yg qud dj fhcrdadhto id costds idj afsao, rdiucd su d`dctfvfigi y d`fcfdhcfg. Gsfafsao, ifsafhuyd jg proiuctfvfigi id jos dapjdgios, por jo qud sd rdiucd tgakfæh dj cuapjfafdhto id okmdtfvos y dj cjfag jgkorgj ds aucno açs fhcóaoio. Sdlýh igtos id jg Dhcudstg id Coyuhturg Jgkorgj (DCJ) qud djgkorg dj Afhfstdrfo id Yrgkgmo, dj hfvdj id gksdhtfsao jgkorgj dh Dspg÷g sd sftýg dhtrd dj 3% dh ;223 y dj 3,>% dh ;2265 dh ;272 y ;277 idscfdhid jdvdadhtd gj 3,<% y dh ;27; sd sftýg dh dj 3,4%. Sfh dakgrlo, sf sd dapjdg jg Dhcudstg Yrfadstrgj id Costd Jgkorgj idj FHD, jg tgsg ds agyor, y sukd idsid dj 3,<% dh dj g÷o ;222 ngstg dj 9,6% dh ;2265 dh ;272 y ;277 ds idj 9,<%, sfdhio idj 9,3% dh ;27;, jo qud supohd uhg cgáig ghugj id adifo puhto porcdhtugj. Kgss y Kgrrdt (76>7) crddh qud ngy uhg rdjgcfóh dhtrd jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj y dj gksdhtfsao, pdro ho sd pudid idaostrgr dapárfcgadhtd, dapárfcgadhtd, por jo qud optgh por tdhdr dh cudhtg otros `gctords coao prokjdags id trghsportd, dh`dradigi y coaproafso coh gctfvfigids id ocfo.




















Dj sflufdhtd `gctor ds dj idsdapd÷o id jg tgrdg idj dapjdgio, ds idcfr, su proiuctfvfigi, qud sd vd rdjgcfohgig coh jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. G pdsgr id qud ng ngkfio vgrfgs fhvdstflgcfohds fhvdstflgcfohds sokrd dstg rdjgcfóh, ho sd ng dhcohtrgio uhg corrdjgcfóh idagsfgio ùdrtd, dsto pudid sdr idkfio, dhtrd otrgs cosgs, gj prokjdag qud dxfstd dh jg adifcfóh ifcng rdjgcfóh. Sfh dakgrlo, sd pudid vfhcujgr jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj coh uhg kgmg proiuctfvfigi, guhqud sdg fhifrdctgadhtd, yg qud g`dctg g otrgs vgrfgkjds qud dstçh rdjgcfohgigs coh dsto ýjtfao. Dj qufhto `gctor ds dj coaportgafdhto cávfco dh jg orlghfzgcfóh, qud sd rd`fdrd g gqudjjgs gctfvfigids qud vojuhtgrfgadhtd ngcdh jos dapjdgios pgrg gyuigr g sus coapg÷dros o g jg daprdsg y qud ho sd corrdspohidh coh jgs rdspohsgkfjfigids qud jds ngh sfio gsflhgigs. Kdcedr y Kfjjfhls (7663) idaostrgroh dapárfcgadhtd qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dstç corrdjgcfohgig coh dj coaportgafdhto cávfco dh jg orlghfzgcfóh. Dj sdxto y ýjtfao `gctor ds dj trgkgmo cohtrg proiuctfvo, ds idcfr, jo cohtrgrfo gj coaportgafdhto cávfco, qud cohsfstd dh gctos coadtfios por jos dapjdgios qud ig÷gh g jg orlghfzgcfóh y qud fhcjuydh glrdsfohds, nurtos, sgkotgmd, dtc. Aghlfohd y Wufhh (76<4) g`fragh qud jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj dstç rdjgcfohgig coh dstd coaportgafdhto y coh dj uso id ghgkojfzghtds.

;.;.3. D`dctos socfgjds Id toio jo aostrgio ghtdrforadhtd, ghtdrforadhtd, pudid idiucfrsd idiucfrsd jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj jgkorgj pudid tdhdr tgakfæh rdpdrcusfohds rdpdrcusfohds g dscgjg socfgj, coao pudidh sdr jos `gctords sflufdhtds. Dh prfadr julgr, dj irdhgmd id rdcursos hgcfohgjds g cgusg id qud dj trgkgmgior dstæ dh`drao `ásfcg o psáqufcgadhtd pudid sdr uhg cgusg id jg utfjfzgcfóh id jos sfstdags hgcfohgjds id sgjui. Gj flugj qud sf sus cohtrgtos ho soh rdhovgios, poirág supohdr uh lgsto por jgs prdstgcfohds por idsdapjdo. Sf jos trgkgmgiords fhsgtfs`dcnos irdhgh rdcursos hgcfohgjds, okvfgadhtd cohtrfkufrçh adhos gj proiucto hgcfohgj id jo qud idsdgrágh.




















Dh prfadr julgr, id`fhfrdaos jg utfjfigi qud ds uhg adifig id jg sgtfs`gccfóh qud jd rdportg gj fhifvfiuo gj cohsuafr kfdhds y sdrvfcfos. Ror jo tghto, uhg vdz rdcohocfig jg cugjfigi idj kfdh id jg gctfvfigi jgkorgj, sd pudid ngkjgr id utfjfigi idj trgkgmo. Jg utfjfigi ds dj cohcdpto açs cdrcgho g jg hocfóh id kfdhdstgr sukmdtfvo, qud sd rd`fdrd g jo qud jgs pdrsohgs sfdhtdh y pfdhsgh gcdrcg id sus vfigs y g jgs cohcjusfohds cohcjusfohds g`dctfvgs y colhftfvgs qud gjcghzgh gj dvgjugr su dxfstdhcfg. Jg agyorág id jgs fhvdstflgcfohds dcohóafcgs sokrd sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj fhtdrprdtgh jos mufcfos id sgtfs`gccfóh coao fhifcgiords ifrdctos idj kfdhdstgr, qud ds adifio fhifvfiugjadhtd y dstç rdjgcfohgio coh jos idtdrafhghtds id jg ùhcfóh id utfjfigi idj trgkgmo. Dstd dhòqud coakfhg jos rdhifafdhtos id jg gctfvfigi jgkorgj coh dj okmdtfvo id dxgafhgr jg adifig ljokgj id sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Th aoidjo dstçhigr qud ho fhcjuyg dj sgjgrfo id uh trgkgmgior, sójo pudid rd`jdmgr jg utfjfigi fhstghtçhdg idj trgkgmo, ds idcfr, hf jg utfjfigi pgsgig, hf jg ùturg. Ror jo tghto, g pdsgr id ngkdr vgrfos aoidjos pgrg jg fhtdrprdtgcfóh dapárfcg id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj, sójo ngkjgrdaos id jg vgrfgcfóh idj aoidjo dcohóafco dstçhigr , cuyg dxprdsfóh ds jg qud sflud= T1 u(y, y*, n, f, m)

@uhcfóh ;.7. Aoidjo dcohóafco dstçhigr fhcjufio jg cotg sgjgrfgj. @udhtd= Lgadro (;224)

Iohid u ds jg utfjfigi idrfvgig idj trgkgmo, y ds jg rdhtg, y* ds dj hfvdj id coapgrgcfóh pgrg jg rdhtg jgkorgj, n rdprdsdhtg jgs norgs trgkgmgigs d f y m soh vdctords qud rdcoldh cgrgctdrástfcgs idj fhifvfiuo y idj dapjdo, rdspdctfvgadhtd. Jg Ydorág id jg Rrfvgcfóh [djgtfvg fhtdhtg dxpjfcgr jgs cgusgs idj sdhtfafdhto id idscohtdhto o fhsgtfs`gccfóh, jo cugj ngcd qud jgs pdrsohgs dvgjýdh jo qud tfdhdh dh rdjgcfóh coh jos lrupos id rd`drdhcfg, y sf oktfdhdh adhos id jo qud dspdrgh jo cohsfidrgh fhmusto y hgcd dj idscohtdhto, jo qud proiucd uh sdhtfafdhto id prfvgcfóh, fhcoaoifigi d fhmustfcfg, ds idcfr, jos sumdtos sójo muzlgh su hfvdj id kfdhdstgr gj




















dxpjfcgig ifvfifdhio ios lrupos id hdcdsfigids qud g`dctgh gj coaportgafdhto nuagho. Jgs ‚hdcdsfigids nflfæhfcgs‑, qud dstçh rdjgcfohgigs coh jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh yg qud

soh jgs rd`drfigs gj adifo gakfdhtd `ásfco. Gj sdr cohifcfohds qud dstçh id`fhfigs por jg daprdsg, dj fhifvfiuo dscgpg gj cohtroj id tgjds hdcdsfigids. Ndrzkdrl (76<0) idstgcó qud, ghtflugadhtd, sójo jos `gctords nflfæhfcos drgh toagios dh cudhtg g jg norg id adifr jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj id jos trgkgmgiords. Rgrg dj jáidr, dj trgkgmo drg uhg gctfvfigi idsglrgigkjd, y pgrg qud jos trgkgmgiords guadhtgrgh su proiuctfvfigi, sd jds igkg fhcdhtfvos aohdtgrfos, pojátfcgs daprdsgrfgjds gkfdrtgs, ds idcfr, fhcdhtfvos dxtdrhos gj fhifvfiuo g cgakfo id su trgkgmo. Sfh dakgrlo, cughio jos `gctords nflfæhfcos soh óptfaos, sd jolrg qud ho ngyg fhsgtfs`gccfóh, pdro ho guadhtg jg sgtfs`gccfóh id jos dapjdgios. Ds idcfr, aghtfdhd uh hfvdj id sgtfs`gccfóh hdutro, y por aucno qud admordh jgs cohifcfohds nflfæhfcgs, ho guadhtgrç jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj idj fhifvfiuo. Rdro, gj cohtrgrfo, cughio jos `gctords nflfæhfcos soh pæsfaos, guadhtg dstrdpftosgadhtd jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh idj fhifvfiuo (Ydce-Nohl y \gnddi, ;277). Dh sdluhio julgr, sd dhcudhtrgh jgs ‚hdcdsfigids id aotfvgcfóh‑ qud dstçh

rdjgcfohgigs coh dj gakfdhtd psfcojólfco idj trgkgmo. Gj cohtrgrfo qud jos `gctords nflfæhfcos, jos `gctords id aotfvgcfóh dstçh rdjgcfohgios coh jg sgtfs`gccfóh idj trgkgmgior. Dstos `gctords dstçh kgmo dj cohtroj idj fhifvfiuo. fhifvfiuo. Yrgifcfohgjadhtd, jgs tgrdgs y jos cgrlos ngh sfio ifsd÷gios coh dj okmdtfvo id gtdhidr jos prfhcfpfos id d`fcfdhcfg y d`fcgcfg, suprfafdhio jos gspdctos id rdto y oportuhfigi pgrg jg crdgtfvfigi fhifvfiugj. Coh dsto sd pfdrid dj sflhf`fcgio psfcojólfco pgrg dj fhifvfiuo y tfdhd uh d`dcto hdlgtfvo dh jg aotfvgcfóh, yg qud jg daprdsg sójo o`rdcd uh julgr pgrg trgkgmgr. Jgs fhvdstflgcfohds id Ndrzkdrl (76<0) g`fragh qud dj d`dcto id jos `gctords id aotfvgcfóh sokrd dj coaportgafdhto id jgs pdrsohgs ds aucno açs proùhio y




















Jg `flurg ;.;. audstrg qud, coao kfdh sd ng sd÷gjgio ghtdrforadhtd, dj fhifvfiuo sójo dstç sgtfs`dcno dh dj pudsto id trgkgmo cughio dstçh cukfdrtgs sus ‚hdcdsfigids id aotfvgcfóh‑. Afdhtrgs qud gj dstgr cukfdrtgs jgs ‚hdcdsfigids nflfæhfcgs‑ jo ýhfco qud

sd cohsflud ds qud jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh ho guadhtd, pdro dj dstgio açxfao qud pudid gjcghzgr ds dj dstgio hdutro. Sf ho sd cukrdh jos `gctords id aotfvgcfóh, dj trgkgmgior ho dstgrç sgtfs`dcno coh su trgkgmo. ‚Hdcdsfigids nflfæhfcgs‑

‚Hdcdsfigids aotfvgcfohgjds‑

Rojátfcgs id jg coapg÷ág

Jolros

Supdrvfsfóh

[dcohocfafdhto

[djgcfohds fhtdrpdrsohgjds

Rropfo trgkgmo

Cohifcfohds id trgkgmo

[dspohsgkfjfigi

Sgjgrfo

Gscdhso

Dstgtus

Crdcfafdhto

Sdlurfigi dh dj dapjdo Ygkjg ;.7. Jos @gctords id jg Sgtfs`gccfóh Jgkorgj. @ udhtd= udhtd= Djgkorgcfóh propfg g pgrtfr id ‚Jg Ydorág id jos ios `gctords‑ id Ndrzkdrl (76<0) .

Dh jg tgkjg ;.7. sd sd÷gjgh cuçjds soh jos `gctords pdrtdhdcfdhtds g cgig lrupo id hdcdsfigids id`fhfio por Ndrzkdrl. Dstg tdorág ng idsdhcgidhgio huadrosgs crátfcgs tghto idsid dj puhto id vfstg idj cohtdhfio coao idsid jg pdrspdctfvg adtoiojólfcg, yg qud ifvdrsgs fhvdstflgcfohds pjghtdgh iuigs gcdrcg id su d`fcgcfg. G pdsgr id jgs crátfcgs, ds fhiuigkjd qud dj trgkgmo rdgjfzgio por Ndrzkdrl ng fh`jufio dh jg fhvdstflgcfóh sokrd jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj.




















Dh jg rdvfsfóh qud Jgwjdr y Rortdr (760>) nfcfdroh id jg òraujgcfóh fhfcfgj id su tdorág, pjghtdgh qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh idrfvgig idrfvgig id idtdrafhgigs rdcoapdhsgs g`dctg g jg vgjdhcfg id jgs afsags, jg cugj, sdlýh jg tdorág id jgs dxpdctgtfvgs, ds uho id jos `gctords idtdrafhghtds idj dsùdrzo y æstd, g su vdz, idtdrafhg, muhto coh otrgs vgrfgkjds, dj hfvdj id rdhifafdhto. Ror tghto, toaghio dh cohsfidrgcfóh dstgs rdjgcfohds fhifrdctgs, ds posfkjd qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh idj t rgkgmgior fh`juyg sokrd dj hfvdj id rdhifafdhto. rdhifafdhto. Dj aoidjo, gsá rdvfsgio, sd trghsòrag dh cfrcujgr, prdsdhtghio ios proposfcfohds= proposfcfohds= 

Dj hfvdj id rdhifafdhto rdhifafdht o ds uho id jos idtdrafhghtds dh jg sgtfs`gccfóh idj trgkgmo, g trgvæs id su fh`judhcfg sokrd jgs rdcoapdhsgs qud rdgjadhtd tfdhd dj trgkgmgior.

Jg sgtfs`gccfóh dh dj trgkgmo ds uho id jos idtdrafhghtds idj hfvdj id rdhifafdhto, rdhifafdhto, g trgvæs id su fh`judhcfg sokrd dj vgjor id jgs rdcoapdhsgs.



Idj pjghtdgafdhto id Jgwjdr y Rortdr ds faportghtd rdsgjtgr jg faportghcfg id cohcdidr su vgjor rdgj g jgs ‚pdrcdpcfohds sukmdtfvgs id jos trgkgmgiords‑ dh jg

idtdrafhgcfóh id jg sgtfs`gccfóh d fhsgtfs`gccfóh dh dj trgkgmo. Dh d`dcto, ho ds faportghtd sójo jo qud okmdtfvgadhtd sucdid dh jg daprdsg, sfho cóao pdrcfkdh ifcng sftugcfóh jos trgkgmgiord tr gkgmgiords. s. Dh ;223, Jgwjdr rdagrcg jg rdjgcfóh ‚dxpdctgtfvgs -rdcoapdhsgs‑ qud ho ds açs qud uh pdr`dccfohgafdhto id jg tdorág id jg aotfvgcfóh id Rortdr y Jgwjdr (760>). Gctftuids Cgpgcfigids Dxpdrfdhcfg Dhtrdhgafdhto Dsùdrzo Digi/Ghtflúdigi @oragcfóh Jdgjtgi ngcfg jg daprdsg [dhifafdhtos ghtdrfords

Fhvdrsfóh pdrsohgj pdrcfkfig dh dj trgkgmo

Fhvdrsfóh pdrcfkfig y rdsujtgio id jgs

Cghtfigi g pdrcfkfig, qud sd dspdrg






















dcohóafcg sfho qud fhcjuyd uh gkghfco auy gapjfo id toios jos rdsujtgios y `gcdtgs idj trgkgmo faglfhgkjds.

;.9.3. Otrgs nfpótdsfs dcohóafcgs Prooa (7609) pgrtág id jg tdorág id cgapo òraujgig por Jdwfh (7647) y, gj flugj qud æj, utfjfzg dj cohcdpto id vgjdhcfg pgrg id`fhfr jg sgtfs`gccfóh qud sd dspdrg oktdhdr id uh ndcno idtdrafhgio. Jg vgjdhcfg ds jg gtrgccfóh id uhg adtg, gsá qud Prooa postujg qud jos prdafos oktdhfios coh jg rdgjfzgcfóh idj trgkgmo sdrçh açs o adhos vgjfosos pgrg dj trgkgmgior dh ùhcfóh idj vgjor qud æstd jds cohcdig y idj lrgio dh qud pdrcfkg qud uh guadhto dh dj rdhifafdhto jjdvgrç g jg cohsdcucfóh id ifcnos prdafos. Rgrg æj, jos d`dctos id jos prdafos dstçh sfdaprd rdjgcfohgios coh dj vgjor qud jg pdrsohg cohcdid g jos afsaos y coh jg dxpdctgtfvg id cohsdlufr jo qud ds musto y dquftgtfvo. Ror jo tghto, uhg afsag rdcoapdhsg pudid tdhdr ifstfhto vgjor aotfvgcfohgj pgrg if`drdhtds trgkgmgiords. Jg gpjfcgcfóh prçctfcg idj aoidjo id Prooa g uhg cohiuctg cohcrdtg pudid sdr kgstghtd coapjdmg yg qud pgrg uhg pdrsohg, jg vgjdhcfg id uh æxfto pgrtfcujgr dstç ifrdctgadhtd rdjgcfohgio rdjgcfohgio coh jg utfjfigi qud tdhlg dsd æxfto u okmdtfvo pgrg cohiucfr, g su vdz, g otros id cfdrtg vgjdhcfg pgrg jg oktdhcfóh id rdsujtgios qud dj fhifvfiuo







































CGRÁYTJO 3 JG ADIFCFÓH ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ 3.7.

ADIFIGS ID JG SGYFS@GCCFÓH JGKO[GJ JGKO[GJ

Jgs orlghfzgcfohds, g adhuio, sfdhtdh fhtdræs por dj dstuifo id jg sgtfs`gccfóh dh dj julgr id trgkgmo qud audstrgh sus dapjdgios. Rgrdcd jólfco pdhsgr, qud dsd fhtdræs sd kgsg dh poidr cohtrojgr jg vgrfgcfóh id rdhifafdhto id jg ùdrzg id trgkgmo, açs qud dh dj d`dcto qud pudig tdhdr dh jos trgkgmgiords, tghto socfgj coao psfcojólfcgadhtd. Ldhdrgjadhtd jgs orlghfzgcfohds vgh g qudrdr jolrgr dj cohtroj idj agyor hýadro id vgrfgkjds pgrg cohsdlufr uh açxfao rdhifafdhto, por jo tghto, jg rdiuccfóh id jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj ds uhg id jgs adtgs qud jgs orlghfzgcfohds idkdrágh cohsdlufr dh cughto g sus trgkgmgiords, yg qud ds uh djdadhto cjgvd pgrg jolrgr jg admor ùhcfohgjfigi ùhcfohgjfigi idj `gctor nuagho.




















id jos trgkgmgiords dhcudstgios, idcágh dstgr sgtfs`dcnos coh su trgkgmo y coh jgs cohifcfohds dh jgs qud trgkgmgkgh (Cgstfjjo y Rrfdto, 7662). Otros gutords, sfh dakgrlo, crftfcgh dstd aætoio id dvgjugcfóh, dvgjugcfóh, yg qud pfdhsgh qud ho sd pudid adifr jg sgtfs`gccfóh coao gjlo ljokgj id jg sftugcfóh idj trgkgmo, sf ho qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh ds if`drdhcfgig. Sf pgrtfaos id jg nfpótdsfs id qud sójo jgs dxpdrfdhcfgs id jos fhifvfiuos dh sus pudstos id trgkgmo soh sflhf`fcgtfvgs, jg sgtfs`gccfóh corrdspohid g jg dvgjugcfóh id if`drdhtds gspdctos id jg sftugcfóh idj trgkgmo, por dso ngy tghto fhtdræs dh ghgjfzgr jgs ifadhsfohds id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj. Roidaos coldr uh cjçsfco dmdapjo, qud ifstfhlud cugtro ifadhsfohds id jg sgtfs`gccfóh= jg qud dstç rdjgcfohgig coh jg tgrdg, dj stgtus pro`dsfohgj y dj sgjgrfo, jg rdjgcfohgig coh dj lrupo id trgkgmo y dj rdhifafdhto idj afsao, y coh jg fhtdlrgcfóh id jg daprdsg. Ndrzkdrl (76<0), por su pgrtd, sójo ifstfhlud ios ifadhsfohds= jg qud coaprdhiág jos djdadhtos id jg hgturgjdzg y cohtdhfio idj trgkgmo, y jg rdjgtfvg g jos djdadhtos idj cohtdxto id trgkgmo. Rgrg otros, coao por dmdapjo Prooa (7609), dj dstuifo id jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj sd jfaftg g gqudjjg qud sd idiucd id jg dmdcucfóh id jg tgrdg y jg faportghcfg qud sd jd otorlg gj sdhtfafdhto id pdrtdhdhcfg o fidhtf`fcgcfóh coh jg daprdsg, gsá jg ifadhsfóh




















sudjdh sdr aghf`dstgcfohds id idscohtdhto. Sfh dakgrlo, dxfstd uhg ifscorighcfg dhtrd jo qud jos trgkgmgiords idcjgrgh (adifigs sukmdtfvgs) y jgs cohsdcudhcfgs qud tfdhd su coaportgafdhto (adifigs okmdtfvgs). Id gná dj fhtdræs por ifvdrsos gutords id fhvdstflgr açs sokrd dstd gsuhto. Lorz (76<;) puio dstgkjdcdr uhos áhifcds id prdsdhcfg o gusdhcfg idhtro id jg daprdsg coao uhg aghf`dstgcfóh idj lrgio id sgtfs`gccfóh id jg pjghtfjjg, rdcohocfdhio qud dj lrgio id gksdhtfsao puifdrg dstgr rdjgcfohgio coh prokjdags pdrsohgjds, y gsfafsao coh dj lrgio id sgtfs`gccfóh. sgtfs`gccfóh. Jdvf-Jdkoydr (76<4) y Eoragh (76<>) g`fragroh qud jg fhsgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj provocg jg nuáig idj gakfdhtd id trgkgmo, dh òrag id gksdhtfsao. Dj qud jg sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj fh`juyg o ho dh dj rdhifafdhto id trgkgmo, idpdhid id jgs cgrgctdrástfcgs idj sumdto, gj flugj qud dj sumdto cohsfidrg qud uh kudh rdhifafdhto ds cohsdcudhcfg id su sgtfs`gccfóh. G pdsgr id jg g`fragcfóh id dstos ios gutords rdspdcto g dstd tdag, gýh ho sd ng dhcohtrgio prudkgs prudkgs `fgkjds g dstg nfpótdsfs. Eoragh (76<>) cohcjuyd qud dh hfhluho id jos ios aoidjos propudstos sd fhtdlrgh jgs ifvdrsgs vgrfgkjds, pdro jjdlg g ios cohcjusfohds= jg prfadrg ds qud ngy if`drdhcfg dhtrd jgs vgrfgkjds qud pudidh sdr idtdrafhghtds id gctftuids y aotfvgcfohds, y jgs vgrfgkjds qud sójo tfdhdh d`dcto sokrd jg sgtfs`gccfóh y jg proiuctfvfigi5 jg sdluhig, y ýjtfag cohcjusfóh ds qud ho sd idkd gkghiohgr jg






















Jg vdrsfóh S;2/;3 cohstg id ;3 átdas y pudid cohsfidrgrsd jg vdrsfóh açs rdiucfig y açs coapjdtg dstructurgjadhtd id jgs idsgrrojjgigs g pgrtfr idj Cudstfohgrfo S9/>;.

3.;.;. Rrdsdhtgcfóh, djgkorgcfóh y dstgiástfcos idscrfptfvos Jos ;3 átdas idj aoidjo S;2/;3 ùdroh sdjdccfohgios g pgrtfr id jos >; átdas idj aoidjo orflfhgj. Æstos átdas sfludh tdhfdhio jgs afsags gjtdrhgtfvgs id rdspudstgs qud soh= ‚7. Auy Fhsgtfs`dcno‑5 ‚;. Kgstghtd Fhsgtfs`dcno‑5 ‚3. Gjlo Fhsgtfs`dcno‑5 ‚9. Fhif`drdhtd‑5 ‚4. Gjlo Sgtfs`dcno‑5 ‚0. Kgstghtd Sgtfs`dcno‑5 y, por ýjtfao ‚<. Auy Sgtfs`dcno‑.




















@gctords

Cod`fcfdhtd id idtdrafhgcfóh

Sgtfs`gccfóh coh jg supdrvfsfóh

;>,24%

Sgtfs`gccfóh coh dj gakfdhtd `ásfco

;7,70%

Sgtfs`gccfóh coh jgs prdstgcfohds

7>,70%

Sgtfs`gccfóh Fhtráhsdcg

7<,70%

Sgtfs`gccfóh coh jg pgrtfcfpgcfóh

74,94%

Ygkjg 3.7. Cod`fcfdhtd id idtdrafhgcfóh id jos cfhco `gctords. @udhtd= Djgkorgcfóh propfg g pgrtfr id Adjfç y Rdfró (76>6)




















Cgapos id cohtdhfio

S9/>;

S;2/;3

H½ id átdas

>;

;3

H½ id rdspudstgs gjtdrhgtfvgs

<

<

Cod`fcfdhtd gj`g idj Cudstfohgrfo totgj

2,64

2,6;

Ygkjg 3.;. Cod`fcfdhtd gj`g id Cudstfohgrfo S9/>; y S;2/;3. @udhtd= Djgkorgcfóh propfg g pgrtfr id Adjfç y Rdfró (76>6).

3.3. DJ R[OKJDAG ID JG ADIFCFÓH




















aujtfifadhsfohgj , dj gsgjgrfgio muzlg su dapjdo Otrg if`fcujtgi pudid sdr dj cgrçctdr aujtfifadhsfohgj y dh ùhcfóh id jg faportghcfg qud jd gsflhd g cgig gspdcto id su trgkgmo gcorigrç uhg ‚hotg‑ ldhdrgj açs o adhos djdvgig.

Ror ýjtfao, ngy otro tfpo id prokjdags qud surldh por dj cgrçctdr cohtfhldhtd idj dapjdo, ds idcfr, uh trgkgmgior oktfdhd sgtfs`gccfóh por su dapjdo qud ho ds rdiuctfkjd id sus cgrgctdrástfcgs, òrag pgrtd id uh cohtdxto y sd fhsdrtg dh uhg orlghfzgcfóh id trgkgmo y uhg pojátfcg id ldstfóh id rdcursos. @fhgjadhtd, dj cgrçctdr rdjgtfvo id jos mufcfos id sgtfs`gccfóh rdsujtg if`ácfj id aghdmgr dh jgs fhvdstflgcfohds dapárfcgs. Igig jg ifvdrsfigi id tdorágs y id rdgjfigids, jg fhvdstflgcfóh dapárfcg sokrd dstg




























































coapgrgcfohds, dj fhifvfiuo açs diucgio sd sfdhtd fhsgtfs`dcno y jg gutovgjorgcfóh




















Dh jg `flurg 9.7. sd pudid oksdrvgr coao jos hfvdjds id sgtfs`gccfóh jgkorgj id ;277 y




















Ifcno gutor grluadhtg qud noakrds y aumdrds if`fdrdh dh dj tfpo id trgkgmo qud




















trgkgmgiords por dj dsùdrzo qud rdgjfzgh dh dj trgkgmo, por jo qud jos admords pglgios



























































































































































































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