Lembar Kerja Siswa (Matriks) Untuk Kelas XII IPA Semester 1 Sesuai dengan KTSP
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Lembar Kerja Siswa
KT P#N!NT$ Berdasarkan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan 2006 Pu"i Pu"i S%uku %ukurr Penu Penuli liss kehad ehadir irat at llah llah S&t' S&t' atas atas rahma raMATRIKS hmatt %ang %ang di(e di(eri rika kan n se sehin hingg gga a (ahan a"ar )KS ini da*at kami *ers *erseem( m(a ahkan hkan untu untuk k duni dunia a *end *endid idik ikan an tanah air.Bahan a"ar )KS ini kami hadirkan se(agai (uku *endukung (ela"ar sis&a'untuk mem(antu sis&a menadi +erdas.
Untuk kelas XII SM IP Semester!an"il
Nama Kelas Sekolah
Buku ini (erisi Materi serta Soal )atihan %ang (erisi )atihan dan Peker"aan $umah' se(agai (ahan u"i sis&a memahami materi materi %ang %ang dia"ar dia"arkan kan guru.T guru.Tu"u u"uan an utama utama kami kami me men nghad ghadir irk kan )KS ini ini adala dalah h iku ikut (er*eran serta dalam men+erdaskan kehidu*an (angsa dan mem(entuk ke*ri(adian : .............anak .........(angsa'sehingga .............................memiliki .. karakter %ang unggul sesuai dengan : .............dan .......(uda%a .............(angsa. .................... ke*ri(adian
:Tidak ..........lu*a .........kami ..........u+a*kan ...............terima ......... kasih ke*ada Ba*ak dan I(u guru serta sis&a,sis&i %ang setia menggunakan )KS ini se(agai sara saran na (e (ela la""ar. ar. Untu Untuk k sis&a is&a,,sis& sis&i' i'k kami ami FENA HURYANI HURYANI RIZKA u+a*kan selamat (ela"ar dan raihlah masa de*an %ang gemilang.
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e r t e d n a g n e d l e b a i r a v a g i t r a e n i l n a a m a s r e p m e t s i s n a i a s e l e y n e p n a k u t n e n e M . 3 x 3 i g e s r e p s k i r t a m n a n i m r e t e d n a k u t n e n e M a n i m r e t e d n a g n e d l e b a i r a v a u d r a e n i l n a a m a s r e p m e t s i s n a i a s e l e y n e p n a k u t n e n e M t a m s r e v n i n a g n e d l e b a i r a v a u d r a e n i l n a a m a s r e p m e t s i s n a i a s e l e y n e p n a k u t n e n e M : r o t a k i d n I r a e n i l n a a m a s r e p m e t s i s n a i a s e l e y n e p m a l a d s r e v n i n a d n a n i m r e t e d n a k a n u g g n e M : r a s a D i s n e t e p m o K . h a l a s a m n a h a c e m e p m a l a d i s a m r o f s n a r t s k i r t a m n a k a n u g g n e M : i s n e t e p m o K r a d n a t S
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Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar......................................................................................i Daftar Isi............................................................................................. ii Cara Penggunaan K!........................................................................iii !tandar Kompetensi " Kompetensi Dasar..........................................iv Penerapan Matriks dalam !istem Persamaan inear............................# a$ Invers Invers matriks..... matriks............. ............... .............. ............... ............... ......................................% ...............................% b$ Determinan matriks................................... ......................... ..... 3 Matriks ordo 3x3..................................................................................& Persamaan inear 'iga (ariabel (ariabel dengan determinan ....................... ....) atihan.................................................................................................*
. n a k a i d e s i d h a l e t g n a y r a b l s a t r e kPeker+aan n a g n e d,umah...............................................................................# h a b m a t i d a s i b i p u k u c n e m k a d i t n a k a i d e s i d g n a y t a p m e t a l i b a p a n a k a i d e s i d . u r u g a d a p e ormat Penilaian................................................................................## . i r a + a l e p i d n a k a g n a y i r e t a m i m a h a m e m s u r a h a 1 s i s n a d u r u g u l u h a d h i b e l r e t h a m Daftar Pustaka....................................................................................#% /iodata Penulis..................................................................................#3
. n a r a + a l e b m e p m a l a d u t n a b m e m
s ! n a a n u g g n e p a r a C
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iii
MATRIKS
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A.Penerapan Matriks dalam Sistem Persamaan Linear 'enerapan
Ma"ri!s #r
%$S'L)(
S'LT(
IN(ERS )ETERMINAN
AL#KASI
6 jam (3 x pertemuan)
/entuk umum sistem persamaan linear dua variabel adalah ax5by6p................0#$ cx5dy67................0%$ Persamaan 0#$ dan 0%$ di atas dapat kita susun ke dalam bentuk matriks seperti di ba1ah ini. ax by p = cx dy q
[
][]
'u+uan 'u+ua n pen penyel yelesai esaian an sist sistem em per persam samaan aan line li near ar du duaa va varia riabe bell ad adala alah h me mene nent ntuk ukan an nil ilai ai x da dan n y yan ang g me mem men enu uhi si sist stem em persamaan itu.
Persa Persama maan an matri matriks ks ini ini dapa dapatt deng dengan an mudah diselesaikan dengan menggunakan sifat berikut 8 #.
9ika AX !" maka X A#1!" dengan $A % &$
%.
9ika XA !" maka X !A #1" dengan $A % &$
[ ] [] []
a = A Misalkan 8 c
b x p , X = , B= d y q
6
dapat ditulis :;6/ sehingga persamaan linear dapat diselesaikan dalam bentuk :;6/ 6< ;6:=#6/.
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Dan det : ≠ O
a % S 7 % " n % C
#.Diketahui matriks=matriks sebagai berikut 8 A =
[ ] [ ] 9
7
5
4
, B=
a. :;6/
1
2
3
4
.'entukan .'entukan matriks berordo %x% yang memenuhi persamaan berikut8
b. ;:6/
-awab
| | 9
det :6
7
5
4
=36 −35 =1
=#
: 6
[
4
−7
−5
9
]
a. :; 6 /
=#
; 6 : /6
[
[
4
−7
−5
9
][ ] 1
2
3
4
][
−21 −17 −20 8−28 = 6 −5 + 27 −10 + 36 22 26 4
] [
]
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=#
b. ;:6/ 6< ;6/: 6
6
[ ][ 1
2
3
4 −5
[
4
4 −10 12 −20
−7 9
] ][
−7 + 18 − = 6 −21 + 36 −8
9adi pada persamaan ;:6/ diperoleh matriks ; 6
11 15
[
]
−6 −8
11 15
]
.
'.Menyelesaikan SPLDV dengan Determinan Matriks
Diberikan sistem persamaan linear sebagai berikut8 ax 5 by 6 p cx 5 dy 6 7 Dapat diselesaikandengan cara berikut8 a. Determinan >tama a b D 6 c d 6 ad ? bc 0Determinan koefisien x dan y dengan elemen=elemen matriks
[ ]
:$ b. Determinan (ariabel (ariabel x. p b Dx 6 q d 6 pd ? b7 04anti kolom ke=# dengan elemen=elemen matriks /$
[ ]
c. Determinan Deter minan (ariabel (ariabel y. a p Dy 6 c q 6 a7 ? cp 04anti kolom ke=% dengan elemen=elemen matriks /$
[ ]
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%x 5 y 6& x ? %y 6 ?3 -awab
!ist !istem em pers persam amaa aan n line linear ar di atas atas dapa dapatt disu disusu sun n dala dalam m bent bentuk uk matr matrik ikss beri beriku kut. t. 2 1 x = 4 −3 1 −2 y
[
][ ] [ ]
Kita tentukan nilai D D x Dy .
D6
[
2
1
[− ] 4
Dx 6
]
−2 6 ? & ? # 6 ? A
1
3
1
2
6 ? B ? 0?3$ 6 ? A
&
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Dy 6
[
2 4
9adi x 6
1
]
−3 6 ? 2 ? & 6 ? #-
−5 Dy −5 6 # dan y 6 D 6
Dx D 6
10 5
6 %.
B.Matriks berordo 3x3 sebelum mempela+ari cara mencari matriks ordo 3x3 terlebih dahulu harus mempela+ari tentang minor,kofaktor,dan adjoint.
minor +ika pada ordo matriks 3x3 element e lement baris ke=i ke=i dan kolom ke= j di j di hilangkan maka akan di dapat matriks yang baru dengan ordo %x%determinan matrik ordo %x% itulah yang yang disebut minor ditulisdengansimbol. agar lebih +elas perhatikan gambar berikut 9ika diketahui matriks matr iks : berordo berordo 3x3
:6
a11 a12 a21 a22
a13 a23
a31 a32
a33
Maka minor=minor dari matriks matr iks : adalah hilangkan baris ke=# dan kolom ke # matriks : diatas maka sisanya adalah elemen elemen di dalam kotak merah di ba1ah ini.
:6
[
a11 a12 a21 a22
a13 a23
a31 a32
a33
]
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|
32
|
a11 a13 a23 21
| M |= a
Ar"7ur Ca3e3 26;86< 6;=>5 A$aa7 A$aa 7 se%ran se%rang g imuan imuan Inggris 3ang memper!ena memper!ena!an !an ma"ri!s per"am per"ama a !ai !ai $aam $aam s"u$i s"u$i pers ersamaan aan ine inear $an "rans?%r"asi inear1 inear1
+adi minor dari matriks : adalah
Kofaktor
Kofaktor dituliskan dengan simbol :i+ dibaca dibaca kofaktor kofaktor baris ke=i ke=i dan kolom ke= j dan j dan rumusnnya adalah
:i+6 0=#$ i5 +
| Mij|
+ika diketahui matriks : adalah
:6
a11 a12 a21 a22
a13 a23
a31 a32
a33
dari rumus diatas maka kofaktor=kofaktor dari matriks : diatas adalah8 M M :##6 0=#$ #5 # | | 6 | | 11
11
M =− M :#%6 0=#$ #5 % | | | | 12
12
M = M :#36 0=#$ #5 3 | | | | 13
13
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Ad(oint
:d+oin :d+ointt suatu suatu matrik matrikss dipero diperoleh leh dari dari transpo transpose se matriks matriks kofakt kofaktorn ornya. ya.pem pemahm ahman an tentang ad+ointminordeterminandan kofaktor sangat dibutuhkan dalam menentukan invers matriks invers 3x3. >ntuk menentukan determinan matriks ordo 3x3 menggunakan metode sarrus.perhatikan contoh di ba1ah ini 8 9ika matriks / diketahui seperti di ba1ah ini
:6
[ ] a d g
b e h
c f i
Maka determinan matriks / dapat di tentukan dengan metode sarrus yaitu 8
| | |
a |B|= d g
b e h
c a f d i g
b e h
>
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C.Menyelesaikan SPLTV dengan determinan Kalian tentu tahu bah1a untuk menyelesaikan sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara misalnya misalnya eliminasi eliminasi substitusi substitusi gabungan antara eliminasi dan substitusi operasi baris elementer serta menggunakan invers matriks. Kalian dapat menggunakan cara=cara tersebut dengan bebas yang menurut kalian paling efisien dan palingmudah. Misalkan diberikan sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel berikut. a#x 5 b#y 5 c# 6 d# a%x 5 b%y 5 c% 6 d% a3x 5 b3y 5 c3 6 d3 !istem persamaan linear di atas dapat kita susun ke dalam bentuk matriks seperti berikut.
a
b
c
d
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a % S 7 % " n % C 'entukan 'entukan himpunan penyelesaian dari sistem siste m persamaan berikut. %x 5 y ? 6 # x5y562 x ? %y 5 6 -
jawab !istem persamaan linear di atas dapat kita susun ke dalam bentuk matriks sebagai berikut. x 2 1 1 −1 1 6 Misalkan : 6 1 1 ; 6 y dan / 6 1 −2 1 0 z
[
[]
]
Dengan menggunakan minor=kofaktor diperoleh 8 #5 # K ## M## 6 ##6 0=#$
K #% #%6 0=#$
#5 %
M#% 6
| | | | 1
1
−2
1
1
1
1
1
6# ? 0=%$ 6 3
6=0#=#$ 6 -
[]
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La"i7an+ ;
#. Penyelesaian dari 3x ? %y6#% dan Ax 5 y6 ) x 6 p dan y6 7. 'entukan nilai &p 5 376........ ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ............................... ........ %. Himpunan penyelesaian dari !PD( x ? %y6 #- dan 3x 5 %y6 =%....................................... ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ............................... ........ 3. Himpunan penyelesaian dari %y ? x 6#- dan 3x 5 %y6%* dengan cara determinan............... ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ............................... ........ &. 'entukan 'entukan Himpunan Penyelesaian dari 3x=%y56#x6%y6#........................................... 3x=%y56#x6%y6#................................................ ..... ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ............................... ........
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#-. Ker+akan !oal no. * dengan metode determinan.................................................................. determinan..................................................................
'e!erjaan Ruma7 #. Harg Hargaa dela delapa pan n buah buah mang manggi giss dan dan dua dua seman semangk gkaa adala adalah h ,p #).#).------ - sedangkan harga enam buah manggis dan empat buah semangka adalah ,p #*.-----. 9ika :ndi ingin membeli enam buah manggis dan enam buah semangkamaka ia harus membayarJ........................................................ membayarJ............................................................. ..... .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ................................................... ............................ .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ................................................... ............................ .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ................................................... ............................ .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ................................................... ............................ .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ................................................... ............................ %. Pada Pada suatu suatu toko toko kue kue Ibu Ibu :ni :ni memb membel elii B buah buah kue kue : dan #- buah buah kue kue /dengan harga ,p. &-.----- dan Ibu Marni membeli #% buah kue : dan B buah kue / dengan harga ,p &2.-----.Maka &2.-----.Maka tentukan berapa harga sebuah kue : dan / J.......................................... J................................................................. .............................................. ................................. .......... .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ................................................... ............................
=
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