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Prelude
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Descrição: Unit 3 Lesson 1 FULL Lesson
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Foundations of Physics
B : L eslee A
e G. Cor tez RMT
Lesson 1 – Earth: Not the Center of the Universe At the end of the session, learners should be able to: 1. Explain the science of physics 2. Describe the three types of terrestrial motions 3. Define diurnal motion, annual motion, precession of the equinoxes 4. Explain how the Greeks knew that the Earth is spherical
What is PHYSICS?
Physics is a fundamental science that seeks to explain our physical environment (the universe). Physicists formulate laws that explain the universe and apply those to all observable phenomena.
What is PHYSICS?
Physics is an experimental science. Patterns found in natural phenomena are called by physicists as physical theories. These theories are then tested through experiments or observations.
Physics in Life
The Leaning Tower in Pisa, Italy
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland
Source: Young and Freedman. Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland
What is Motion?
Motion: change in position with respect to time
Terrestrial motion: movements that the earth make
1. Motion with respect to quality 2. Motion with respect to quantity 3. Motion with respect to place
Three Types of Terrestrial Motion 1. Motion with respect to quality (alteration)
Example: changing of colors
Three Types of Terrestrial Motion 2. Motion with respect to quantity (increase or decrease)
Example: from large to small or small to large
Three Types of Terrestrial Motion 3. Motion with respect to place (locomotion)
Example: movement from one place to another or repetitive motion, such as circular motion
Diurnal Motion Diurnal motion is the daily motion of stars and other celestial bodies across the sky. This motion is due to the Earth's rotation from west to east, which causes celestial bodies to have an apparent motion that we observe in the sky.
Annual Motion Over the course of a year, the Sun appears to move a little towards the East each day as seen with respect to the background stars. This daily eastward drift is <1° per day. This apparent motion is a reflection of the Earth's annual orbit around the Sun.
Precession of the Equinoxes
Earth's precession was historically called the precession of the equinoxes. It is caused by the differential gravitation forces of Sun and Moon on Earth.
What is the shape of the Earth?
What is the shape of the Earth? Aristotle wrote a book called “On the Heavens” back in 340 B.C about the concept of the North Star suggesting that the earth is round.
All the stars seem to move in a big circle over our heads because the earth itself is spinning. The North Star is the center of the circle, and stays put.
However, Aristotle noticed that when you are down south in Egypt, the north star is close to the horizon. When you are up north in Greece again, it’s high in the sky.