LAPORAN PEMBUATAN
CATU DAYA BERFILTER DISUSUN OLEH: 1. RICKY CHAN SIMAMORA 2. DINA AGUSTINA 3. MIRIAM R SIRAIT 4. SITI HARTINAH LUBIS
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN MEDAN JUDUL PRAKTIKUM
: Pemb!"!# C!" D!$! Be%&'("e%.
TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM
:
1. Me%!#)!#* +!# memb!" )!" +!$! +e#*!# ,e(!%!# $!#* be%-!%'!'. 2. Mem!/!m' 0%'#'0 ,e%! )!" +!$!be%&'("e%.
TINJAUAN TEORITIS
Se)!%! mm '"'(!/ )!" +!$! b'!!#$! be%!%"' !" '"em 0e#$e!%!/ &'("e% $!#* me#*b!/ "e*!#*!# AC me#!+' DC m%#'. K5m05#e# +!!% $!#* +'*#!,!# #", %!#*,!'!# $!#* (eb'/ e+e%/!#! !+!(!/ "%!#&5%m! "5% 0e#$e!%!/ %e'"5% ,!0!'"5% +!# '#+)"5%. C!" +!$! $!#* +'!"% e)!%! (eb'/ ,5m0(e, +!0!" me#!mb!/,!# "%!#'"5% !"! "%'+'5+! eb!*!' 0e#*'#+%! "e*!#*!# +!# 0e#*5#"%5(!# "e*!#*!# +'"!mb!/ +e#*!# +'5+! 6e#e% eb!*!' 0e#*!"% "e*!#*!# $!#* mem0e%"!/!#,!# "e*!#*!# ,e(!%!# $!#* "e"!0 me,'0# !% "e"!0. R!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ b'!!#$! 5"0" +!%' %!#*,!'!# +'be%' !" &'("e% ,!0!'"5% #", me#*/'(!#*,!# %'!, e/'#**! +'0e%5(e/ "e*!#*!# DC $!#* "!b'(. Te*!#*!# DC *! +!0!" +'0e%5(e/ +!%' b!"e%e. De#*!# 0e#**#!!# b!"e%e +'"!7!%,!# mbe% "e*!#*!# DC $!#* "!b'( +!# 05%"!b(e #!m# +!0!" /!b' "e%*!#"#* ,!0!'"! b!"e%e "e%eb". Te*!#*!# $!#* "e%e+'! +!%' !" mbe% "e*!#*!# $!#* !+! b'!!#$! "'+!, e!' +e#*!# ,eb"/!#. U#", '" +'0e%(,!# !" %e*(!"5% "e*!#*!# $!#* be%&#*' #", me#!*! !*!% "e*!#*!# be%#'(!' ,5#"!# 0!+! #'(!' "e%"e#". Pe#$e!%!/ *e(5mb!#* !+!(!/ %!#*,!'!# e(e,"%5#',! $!#* *! me%0!,!# +!%' )!" +!$! $!#* be%&#*' #", me#$e!%!/,!# *e(5mb!#* !% ('"%', $!#* em(! be%0! !% b5(!,8 b!(', 9AC ',! +'(e7!",!# %!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ !,!# be%b/ me#!+' !% e!%!/ 9DC. S!(!/ !" ,5m05#e# +!%' %!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ !+!(!/ +'5+! $!#* be%&#*' eb!*!' 0e#$e!%!/. R!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ *e(5mb!#* +'b!*' me#!+' +! $!'" %!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ e"e#*!/ *e(5mb!#* +!# %!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ *e(5mb!#* 0e#/. R!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ e"e#*!/ *e(5mb!#* !+!(!/ 0!+! !!" *e(5mb!#* 0e%"!m! 90#)!, +e#*!# !" +'5+!. R!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ *e(5mb!#* 0e#/ !+!(!/ 0!+! !!" *e(5mb!#* 0e#/ +e#*!# +! +'5+! "e*!#*!# $!#* "e%!+' 0!+! beb!# mem0#$!' 05(!%'"! $!#* !m! "!#0! mem0e%+(',!# +'5+! m!#! $!#* me#*!/!#"!% ,!%e#! !% me#*!('% me(!(' !%!/ $!#* !m! e/'#**! !,!# "e%be#", *e(5mb!#* 0e#/ "e%,e)!(' me#**#!,!# ,!0!'"5% be#", *e(5mb!#* "'+!,(!/ 0e#/.
U#", me#*/!'(,!# Te*!#*!# +!# A% DC 9!% e!%!/ $!#* "e"!0 +!# "!b'( +'0e%(,!# V5("!*e Re*(!"5% $!#* be%&#*' #", me#*!"% "e*!#*!# e/'#**! "e*!#*!# O"0" "'+!, +'0e#*!%/' 5(e/ / !% beb!# +!# *! "e*!#*!# '#0" $!#* be%!!( O"0" F'("e%. V5("!*e Re*(!"5% 0!+! mm#$! "e%+'%' +!%' D'5+! ;e#e% T%!#'"5% !"! IC 9I#"e*%!"e+ C'%)'". P!+! DC P57e% S00($ $!#* )!#**'/ b'!!#$! V5("!*e Re*(!"5% *! +'(e#*,!0' +e#*!# S/5%" C'%)'" P%5"e)"'5# 90e%('#+#*!# !"! /b#* '#*,!" C%%e#" L'm'"'#* 9Pemb!"! A% !"!0# O-e% V5("!*e P%5"e)"'5#. K!('"! )!" +!$! be%*!#"#* 0!+! %e*(!' beb!# %e*(!' !(% +!# /!mb!"!# ,e(!%!#. Re*(!' beb!# me##,,!# 0e#$e!%!/ b%'+*e +e#*!# ,!0!'"5% eb!*!' "!0' m!,!##$!. D'm!#! 0e%b!/!# /!mb!"!# beb!# !,!# me#*b!/ "e*!#*!# beb!#. <',! /!mb!"!# beb!# +',%!#*' m!,! !,!# +'0e%5(e/ %'!, +!# !"/ "e*!#*!# "!mb!/!# 0!+! 0e%,!7!"!# "%!#&5%m!"5% +!# +'5+e. O(e/ ,!%e#! '" 0e#!mb!/!# !% beb!# !,!# e(!( me#*%!#*' "e*!#*!# beb!#. Re*(!' beb!# e)!%! mm me#*'#+',!',!# b!*!'m!#! "e*!#*!# beb!# be%b!/ !!" !% beb!# be%b!/. Sem!,'# ,e)'( %e*(!' beb!# m!,! !,!# em!,'# b!', !" )!" +!$!. C!%! (!'# +!(!m me#e#",!# ,!('"! )!" +!$! !+!(!/ +e#*!# %e*(!' !(% e0e%"' /!(#$! 0!+! %e*(!' beb!# em!,'# ,e)'( %e*(!' !(% m!,! em!,'# b!',(!/ eb!/ )!" +!$!. Re'"!#' ,e(!%!# !"! %!#*,!'!# T/e-e#'# +!(!m )!" +!$! me#e#",!# %e*(!' beb!. D'm!#! ',! )!" +!$! mem0#$!' %e'"!#' ,e(!%!# %e#+!/ m!,! %e*(!' ,e(!%!##$! *! !,!# %e#+!/. K5m05#e#8K5m05#e# U"!m! C!" D!$! 1. Pe#%# Te*!#*!#= T%!&5 !+!(!/ !(!" ('"%', $!#* +!0!" mem'#+!/,!# +!# me#*b!/ e#e%*$ ('"%', +!%' !" !"! (eb'/ %!#*,!'!# ('"%', ,e %!#*,!'!# ('"%', (!'# me(!(' !" *!#+e#*!# m!*#e" +!# be%+!!%,!# 0%'#'0 '#+,' e(e,"%5m!*#e"',. P%'#'0 +!!% !" "%!#&5%m!"5% $!'" '#+,' be%!m! !#"!%! +! %!#*,!'!# $!#* +'/b#*,!# 5(e/ &(, m!*#e". D!(!m be#", $!#* e+e%/!#! "%!#&5%m!"5% "e%+'%' +!%' +! b!/ ,m0!%!# '#+,' $!#* e)!%! ('"%', "e%0'!/ "e"!0' e)!%! m!*#e" +'/b#*,!# +e#*!# !" 0!%" $!#* mem0#$!' %e(!,"!#' $!#* %e#+!/. 2. Pe#$e!%!/=D'5+! Re)"'&'e%. F#*' %e)"'&'e% +!(!m %!#*,!'!# )!" +!$! !+!(!/ #", me#*b!/ "e*!#*!# AC $!#* be%!!( +!%' "%!&5 "e08+57# !"! "%!&5 !+!0"5% me#!+' "e*!#*!# ('"%', !% e!%!/ 9DC. P!+! mm#$! "e*!#*!# $!#* +'/!'(,!# 0!+! %!#*,!'!# %e)"'&'e% m!'/ be(m %!"! +!# m!'/ "e%+!0!" %'0(e %'0(e "e*!#*!# $!#* ),0 be!%. Seb!*!' %e)"'&'e% +!0!" +'*#!,!# !" +! !"! em0!" ,5m05#e# +'5+!.
U#", me#+!0!",!# !" "e*!#*!# DC $!#* b!', +'m!#! be#", "e*!#*!# /!'( 0e#$e!%!/ !+!(!/ me#+e,!"' *!%' (% m!,! "e*!#*!# ,e(!%!# +!%' !" %!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ eb!',#$! +'"!mb!/,!# ,!0!'"5%. D'm!#! !% +!%' ,e(!%!# %!#*,!'!# 0e#$e!%!/ e(!'# !,!# me(e7!"' beb!# *! !,!# me#*'' ,!0!'"5% e/'#**! 0!+! !!" "e*!#*!# /!'( 0e#$e!%!/ me#*!(!m' 0e#%#! # m!,! ,!0!'"5% !,!# memb!#* m!"!##$! ,ebeb!# +!# "e*!#*!# beb!# !,!# "e%"!/!# ebe(m me#)!0!' #5(. 3. Pe#$!%'#*= F'("e% !+!(!/ b!*'!# +!%' )!" +!$! $!#* +'# 5(e/ ,!0!'"5% $!#* be%&#*' me%!"!,!# "e*!#*!# ('"%', $!#* be%!!( +!%' %!#*,!'!# +'5+e %e)"'&'e%. D!(!m 0%!,"e,#$! e(!'# me#**#!,!# ,!0!'"5% b'!!#$! *! +'*#!,!# %e'"5% $!#* be%&#*' eb!*!' /!mb!"!#. 4. S"!b'('6e%= Re*(!"5%. S"!b'('6e% !"! %e*(!"5% $!#* +'*#!,!# +!(!m %!#*,!'!# )!" +!$! '#' '!(!/ be%0! ,5m05#e# IC. D'm!#! ,em+'!# ,5m05#e# '#' !,!# be%&#*' eb!*!' 0e#"!b'( +!# 0e#*!"% "e*!#*!# ,e(!%!# +!%' %!#*,!'!# )!" +!$!. K5m05#e# Pe#+,#* C!" D!$! D!(!m 0emb!"!# )!" +!$! e(!'# me#**#!,!# ,5m05#e# "!m! *! +'0e%(,!# ,5m05#e# (!'##$! $!#* be%&#*' eb!*!' 0e#+,#* +!%' %!#*,!'!# )!" +!$! $!#* be%&#*' +e#*!# b!', +!# +!0!" membe%',!# 0e#!m0'(!# $!#* me#!%', b!', +!%' e*' be#", m!0# e"e"',!#$!. K5m05#e# 0e#+,#* "e%eb" '!(!/: > > > > >
S!,e(!% Se,e%'#* 9&6e L!m0 '#+',!"5% P%'#"e+ C'%)'" B5!%+ 9PCB !"! 0!0!# %!#*,!'!# "e%)e"!, K!be( !"! ,e"e%
ALAT DAN BAHAN
ALAT N
NAMA ALAT
O 1 2 3 4
M("'me"e% K!be( S5(+e% Pe#$e+5" "'m!/
BAHAN N
NAMA BAHAN
O 1 2 3 4 I
Re'"5% K!0!'"5% D'5+! '(',5# LED T%!&5 C T'm!/
SPESIFIKASI 1?K @ 33K @ 4?? 1? 8F IN 4??1 <'#**! A ?. LN12 8
PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN
N O
PROSEDUR
GAMBAR
1
Me%!#*,!'
,5m05#e#
e!' %!#*,!'!#
2
Me#*/b#*,!# me#$5(+e% +!#
+!#
,5m05#e#
me#*/b#*,!#
,5m05#e#
3
Me#*/b#*,!# me#$5(+e%
,!be(
0emb!*' "e*!#*!#
+!# ,e
4
Me#*/b#*,!#
+!#
me#$5(+e% "%!&5 +e#*!# ,!be( "e*!#*!# m!,!#
Me#*/b#*,!#
+!#
me#$5(+e% "%!&5 +e#*!# ,!be(
,!be(
0emb!*'
"e*!#*!#
Me#*/b#*,!#
+!#
me#$5(+e% "%!&5 +e#*!# ,!be( 0!0!# %!#*,!'!# +!# *! '#+')!"5% LED
Se/'#**!
+'+!0!",!#
/!'( eb!*!' be%',"
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
NO
Te*!#*!# Te5%'
Te*!#*!# P%!,"e,
1 2 3 4
9V 3 4. 12
9V 2 4 2 12
Pemb!/!!# T!be( TEORI : N'(!' "e*!#*!# e)!%! "e5%' e/!%#$! 3V 4.V V V12V +!/ e!' +e#*!# 0emb!*' "e*!#*!# 0!+! ,5m05#e# !(!" PRAKTEK : •
3V 2 x 10
H!'( 0e#*,%!# •
10
2V
4. V 4 x 10
H!'( 0e#*,%!# •
V
10
4V
6,2 x 10
H!'( 0e#*,%!# •
10
=
6,2 V
V 1,8 x 50
H!'( 0e#*,%!# •
V
10
12 V 2,2 x 50 10
H!'( 0e#*,%!#
12 V
KESALAHAN PENGUKURAN
( TEORI − PRAKTEK ) Ke!(!/!#
•
TEORI
3V
( 3− 2) Ke!(!/!#
•
X 100
3
Ke!(!/!# 33 4 V
( 4,5− 4 ) Ke!(!/!#
•
4,5
Ke!(!/!# 1111 V
( 6 −6.2 ) Ke!(!/!#
•
6
X 100
Ke!(!/!# 33 V
( 9−9 ) Ke!(!/!#
•
X 100
9
X 100
Ke!(!/!# ? 12 V
( 12−12 ) Ke!(!/!# Ke!(!/!# ?
12
X 100
X 100
Me#*!0! /!'( $!#* +'0e%5(e/ e0e%"' '" H!'( $!#* +'0e%5(e/ 0!+! !!" 0e#*,%!# "'+!, !m! #", "e*!#*!# "e5%' $!#* e/!%#$! 3V4.V +!# V. H!( '#' +'eb!b,!# ,!%e#! bebe%!0! /!( $!'" > > >
Te*!#*!# m!,!# +!%' "%!&5 ,e %!#*,!'!# $!#* be%m!!(!/ H!mb!"!# +!(!m +!%' %!#*,!'!# $!#* *! mem0e#*!%/' /!'( ,e(!%!# H!mb!"!# +!(!m +!%' m("'me"e% $!#* *! mem0e#*!%/' /!'( ,e(!%!#
A,!# "e"!0' 0!+! V +!# 12 V me#*!0! +'+!0!",!# /!'( $!#* 0! ,!%e#! #'(!' "e*!#*!# +!%' "%!&5 +!# /!( /!( $!#* mem0e#*!%/' /!'( "e*!#*!# 0! !"! +!0!" +',!"!,!# /!mb!"!# /!mb!"!# $!#* "e%!+' 0!+! 0e#*,%!# V +!# 12V e!'.
A0!,!/ /!'(#$! /!#$! e0e%"' '" H!'( +!%' 0emb!"!# )!" +!$! '#' "'+!, /!#$! bebe%!0! "e*!#*!# e0e%"' $!#* +'eb",!# +'!"!. U#", mem-!%'!',!# /!'( +!0!" +'!"% 0!+! 0emb!*' "e*!#*!# e!' +e#*!# ,e'#*'#!# ,'"! e/'#**! /!'( +!%' )!"+!$! +!0!" (eb'/ be%-!%'!'. A0!,!/ "'+!, +!0!" +'"'#*,!",!# H!'( +!%' 0emb!"!# )!" +!$! '#' +!0!" +'"'#*,!",!# me(eb'/' 12V !0!b'(! 0!+! "e*!#*!# ,e(!%!# "%!&5 +'"'#*,!",!# (eb'/ +!%' 12V e!' +e#*!# ,e'#*'#!# 0emb!" )!"+!$! e/'#**! +'+!0!",!# "e*!#*!# ,e(!%!# $!#* be%-!%'!' +!# *! (eb'/ +!%' 12 V.
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
1. U#", me#+!0!",!# /!'( $!#* be%-!%'!' 0!+! )!"+!$! +!0!" me#*!"% 0!+! 0emb!*' "e*!#*!# +e#*!# 05"e#'5me"e% +'"!mb!/ +e#*!# ,5m05#e# -5("me"e% +'*'"!( e/'#**! /!'( +!0!" (eb'/ be%-!%'!' e!' +e#*!# /!mb!"!# $!#* +'be%',!# +!# "e%"e%! 0!+! -5("me"e%. 2. H!'( ,e(!%!# 0!+! )!" +!$! $!#* +'b!" "'+!, e!' +e#*!# "e5%'#$! ,!%e#! !+!#$! /!mb!"!# +!(!m 0!+! %!#*,!'!# +!# m("'me"e% *! "e*!#*!# '#0" +!%' "%!&5 $!#* "'+!, e!'. 3. H!'( ,e(!%!# 0!+! )!"+!$! +!0!" +'"'#*,!",!# #'(!' "e*!#*!##$! !0!b'(! "e*!#*!# '#0" ,e %!#*,!'!# *! +'"'#*,!",!# +!# +'e!',!# +e#*!# 0emb!*' "e*!#*!# $!#* +''#*'#,!# e/'#**! /!'( ,e(!%!# (eb'/ be%-!%'!'.
