ANAY-ANT-LANOR SPRAY: Lantana and Oregano Extract As an Effective Ant-Termicide and Ant Repellent
A Research Paper
Presented to The Panel of !dges and "s# "ar$ ean P# Narte Research-% Te Teacher acher
&$: 'aniel 'alisa$ (ene Eisen Lois )# Nale *elisa "ae A# Nagales Researchers
A)STRA+T
Pests bring a lot of problems problems into our homes and on the field. field. Ants Ants are common house pests destroying crops and contribute to food contamination. Termites, Termites, another pest, destroy houses and eats cellulose non-stop. Pesticides are used to kill these pests but these contain harm harmfu full chem chemic ical als. s. Lant Lantana ana and and Oreg Oregano ano both both have have natu natura rall inse insect ctic icid idal al and repel repelle lence nce properties. The Lantana is effective on termites, and Oregano has an aromatic smell that is effective on ants. This present study aims to investigate the effects of Lantana and Oregano extract on ants and termites as pesticides, and the repellence of Lantana and Oregano on ants. Lantana leaves, floer floerss and Oregano Oregano leaves ere extrac extracted ted for making making the sprays sprays.. To test test hich hich is more more effective, separate spray bottles containing Oregano extract only, Lantana extract only, OreganoLantana extract ere created, and also a commercial multi-insect killer and tap ater ere used on testing. The researcher tested the effectiveness of the three organic sprays, a commercial repellent, and tap ater, on ants and termites on three different media, on a petri dish, a basin, and on the environment. !or its repellence on ants, the researchers tested on three different environments, the balcony, the kitchen, and on the room. Lantana spray is the most effective, in killing ants and termites, and also repelling the ants folloed by the mixture of Lantana and Oregano spray then the Oregano "pray. The three organic sprays created have comparable effects to the multi-insect killer. And the sprays are safer, cheaper, and more natural.
,NTRO'+T,ON )A+.(RON' O* T/E ST'Y
Pests are one of the ma#or problems e are experiencing in our homes. They can cause food spoilage, initiate dirty rooms, and spread diseases. $a#ority of pests belong to the most diverse and most populated animal group, the %nsect !amily. %nsects are an intimate part of every home and are found everyhere, in the air, carpet, counter or cupboard. &very home shares its resources ith these tiny, often unseen invaders. 'ut once these insects start destroying and meddle our home and the field, they become a ma#or problem, and these ould lead to disaster if not given immediate and proper solution. %nsect attack is a serious agricultural problem leading to yield losses and reduced product (uality. )umerous named insects can cause damage both on the field and during storage in silos, sacks or barns. &very year, insects destroy about *+ percent of these harvested crops. * of these ere caused by ants. Ants are very intelligent and creative creatures they ork in groups and can cause food contamination, ‒‒‒ since they have been crossing many unpleasant and dirty locations ‒‒‒ and can cause not deadly but itchy and painful bites. /http011.harvesttotable.com1233413+1ants5in5the5garden5ant5pestici16 Aside from that, some insects, like termites, can eaken the foundation of a house. Termites eat non-stop 27 hours a day and they ill never stop unless they have finished eating everything that has cellulose ‒‒‒papers, oods, and clothes‒‒‒ and termites contain a parasite that produces very harmful and foul castings. /http011vestagms.com1articles1negative-effects-oftermites16
To minimi8e the harm caused by ants and termites, humans normally use pesticides. 'ut these pesticides carry chemicals and unhealthy scents that are ha8ardous to our body. The chemicals from these pesticides may cause allergic reactions to the skin or may even lead to hospitali8ation. One billion pounds of pesticide are sprayed annually to the food that e ingest. %n addition, pesticides can infect drinking ater, the air e breathe, and the food e intake, hich may cause Parkinson9s cancer, miscarriage and could give birth-defects. "o instead of stopping ants and termites from creating disaster, using these adds a more serious problem into your hands. Pesticides might be effective to these pests but these potent chemical compounds may
be
more
harmful
to
you
than
the
environment
than
the
pests.
/http011.toxicsaction.org1problems-and-solutions1pesticides6 "o using an organic homemade spray can be used as a substitute to these pesticides. "o creating an organic spray using plants ith anti-insecticidal properties that can bring the same effects in killing ants and termites, is one of the best alternatives and solution to the problem. Lantana, commonly knon as :antutay, is a floering plant, and is also considered as an invasive eed that spreads very (uickly. One plant produces up to 2,333 seeds per year. :antutay has many uses such as its use as a ound cleanser, a cure for snake bites, and it also has a uni(ue characteristic of repelling termites. %n addition, Oregano, a part of the mint family, has an aromatic smell that repels mos(uito and ants. To find a solution, the researchers planned to create a spray using plants that are common and abundant here in Puerto Princesa ;ity.
STATE"ENT O* T/E PRO)LE"
The study orks to kno if the natural insecticidal-properties of Lantana and Oregano can be used as an alternative to a commercial pesticide in killing fire ants and subterranean termites or repel the fire ants. ;onse(uently, the researcher planned to make an Ant-termicide and Ant =epellent from Lantana and Oregano extracts to anser the folloing (uestions0
;an these organic sprays kill the ants0 a Placed on the Petri >ish b Placed on a basin c.On the environment
2
?
7
+ *
;an these organic sprays kill the termites0 a Placed on the Petri >ish b Placed on a basin c On the environment @o long ould the spray repel ants a %n the balcony b %nside the kitchen c %n the room
@ypothesis0 There is no significant difference beteen the percentile potential of Lantana,, Oregano-Lantana, and ;ommercial Pesticide to become an anticide, anti-termicide, and ant repellence. S,(N,*,+AN+E O* T/E ST'Y
This study is important and remarkable because it can help minimi8e the problems caused by ants and termites on the field and in our abode. To kill the ants and termites, e have a habit of using pesticides but this study substitutes that ith a harmless organic spray. The sprays created in this pro#ect are organic and does not contain harmful chemicals and toxic gases such as that of a factory-made bug spray. The sprays created are not harmful to the body and they do not contribute to air pollution. The materials used in making the organic spray are very common and abundant in the province of Puerto Princesa ;ity. Also, it is cheaper than bug sprays sold in the market.
S+OPE AN' L,",TAT,ONS
The study entitled B Lantana and Oregano &xtract As an &ffective Ant-Termicide and Ant =epellent B ill be conducted to find a safer ay of killing and getting rid of ants and termites. The study is only limited to ants and termites. The species of ants that ere tested in this study are only fire ants. The species of termites that ere tested are only subterranean termites. All the materials used in making the spray are organic. The study does not further discuss about the characteristics of Lantana, it #ust discusses its anti-termiticidal property, and also ith the Oregano, discussing its anticidal property. The extracts to be used in making the spray is only from Oregano and Lantana, the extracts ill be extracted from the Oregano leaves but leaves and floers for the Lantana. The amount of bug spray to be created and tested is at least +33mL. The only commercial bug spray used in the study is the P; Target $ulti-%nsect :iller. The study does not involve microscopic observations of the effects and reactions of the ants and termites. RE0,E1 O* RELATE' L,TERATRE
Termites are eusocial insects they distribute labor among their castes consisting of female orkers, male soldiers, kings, and (ueens. Their colonies range in si8e from a fe hundred individuals to several million individuals. There are ?,3* named species of these detritivores, 7?+ species of these are found in Asia. Termites feed on dead plant materials and cellulose, generally in the form of ood, leaf litter, soil, or animal castings. These insects are found in the subtropical and tropical regions of the orld ‒‒‒ everyhere except Antarctica, because they have soft cuticles. The B(ueenB or the fertile female of the termites has the longest lifespan among insects reaching +3 years of age. "everal hundred species are economically significant as pests that can cause serious damage to buildings, crops, and a broad space of plantation forests. /https011en.ikipedia.org1iki1Termite6 Termites are divided into three ecological groups0 the damp ood termites, hich are found in coniferous forests, the dry ood termites, hich are located in hardood forests, and the subterranean termites that live in idely diverse areas. /.termites.iki6 "ubterranean Termites are termites that can have up to 2 million individuals in its colony. These termites feed on ood, all paper, plastics and fabrics made from botanical sources. "ubterranean termites live in underground colonies or in et areas aboveground. These termites are the most destructive kind of termite. They can eat loads of ood and can cause an expensive damage on a house. Termites can also in#ure or destroy living trees and shrubs. They also ruin foundations, ooden support beams, filtration systems, and even ire cables. /http011pestorldforkids.org1pest-guide1termites16
Oregano is a perennial herb and a member of the mint family that gros in many areas around the orld. The oil of this herb has a poerful anti-microbial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal property. &xtracting oil from this herb ould result to golden, dark yello oil ith a strong odor. The oil contains natural phytochemical compounds ith beneficial antioxidants effects such as, Thymol---a natural fungicide that acts as a shield against toxins. Terpenes--- knon for its antibacterial properties. )ariginCinhibits the groth and idespread of cancer cells. And most importantly, the ;arvacrol D a phytochemical compound that stops various bacterial infections
and
is
said
to
be
significantly
effective
against
insects.
/http011articles.mercola.com1herbal-oils1oregano-oil.aspx6 "ome scientists believed that mos(uitoes avoid >&&T because they dislike the smell, hile others thought >&&T might confuse the insects by dulling their sense of smell %nsects smell ith their antennae, appendages laced ith olfactory nerves. The ma#ority of these neurons are e(uipped ith an odor receptor made up of to proteins that snap together, kind of like Legos, each odor receptor contains one protein called Orco paired ith another protein. %n fruit flies, the insect in hich olfaction has been most studied, Orco can be bound to any one of sixty other proteins. Odor molecules afting through the air bind to these receptors, triggering activity in some nerves and inhibiting activity in others. >ifferent patterns of neural activity encode different smells. >&&T confuses insects by preventing certain odor receptors from orking properly. >&&T affects the activity of odor-detecting neurons in the brains of fruit flies, hich use the same basic mechanisms as mos(uitoes to detect smells, and are more experimentally accessible due to tools created during the fruit flyEs long history as a model organism. /https011phys.org1nes123-34-deet-insects.html6
Lantana is a perennial sun-loving plant that attracts butterflies. The oil of this plant is aroma-therapeutic and has insecticidal properties. Lantana camara has been shon to be effective in preventing termites from destroying ood. $ethanol and chloroform extracts from lantana shoed a high mortality against subterranean termite populations. Lantana camara has a scent that termites hate. /http011.gardenguides.com1?37+F-lantana-plant-pesticide.html6 RE0,E1 O* RELATE' ST',ES
According to the study B%dentification of %nsecticidal Properties in Lantana ;amara by ". $urusegan, ;.=a#eshkannan, >. "uresh, and =. "umathiB, the leaves of the Lantana ;amara are being used for treating disorders like scratching, stomach ache, rheumatism, ound healing, tooth ache and more. Lantana ;amara also is positive in aspects of having antiproto8oal, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral, antioxidant, and alellopathic activities. %n conducting the study, they placed the leaf of L. ;amara in a still ----it produces pressuri8ed steam through the plant material. The heat from the steam causes globules of oil in the plant to burst out and causes the oil to evaporate. The oil vapor and the steam goes out of the still into a ater cooled pipe--the place here the vapors are condensed back into li(uids. >uring the process, the oil separates from the ater and the oil floats at the top. The leaves of L. camara consists of different substances such as ;opaene, a substance that is strongly attractive to pests, Germacine, a substance that has antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, ;adinone that serves as an insecticide, and ;arophyllene hich is knon effective against lepidopteran insects. According to the study about the BPharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Antimicrobial studies on the Leaves of L. camara that Lantana camara is a common eed that gros
abundantly in our surround, >uring the experiment hereas the phytochemical study reveals that L. camara contains phytoconstituents---alkaloids, glycosides, flavoloids, tannin and etc.---and anti-microbial activities. &xtract of Lantana camara hen compared ith some standard drugs, the activites ere less potent but can be useful if combined ith an anti-microbial agent. 'ased on the study entitled BThe efficacy of Lantana floers and leaves extract on ;ockroaches by $anilyn !. >ianoB all of the parts of L. camara are traditionally used for several ailments. Lantana camara is considered to be a poisonous eed, it spreads rapidly, and it spoils animal habitats and exerts toxic effects hen ingested. The experiment revealed that the different plant extracts from the different parts of the plant had insecticidal properties that can cause death to cockroaches. There is no significant difference beteen the leaves and the commercial insecticide---also there is no significant difference beteen the leaves and the floers. The pure extract of L. camara had insecticidal effects on the cockroach and has a comparable effect to the commercial insecticide.
"ET/O'OLO(Y
$aterials $aking the "pray
The materials needed to do the experiment are0 +33g :antutay /L. ;amara6 leaves, 333 g Oregano leaves, 2 #ars, ? spray bottles, and an electric #uicer. Testing the "pray %n order to test the effectiveness of the spray as ant-termicide you can do any of the folloing0 !irst of all, you must have a place here the effect ill be easily noticed. Also, you need to have the insects to be tested ith /ants and termites nests or colonies6. !irst, get 3 ants or termites and a petri dish, spray 23 times on the petri dish and then place the ants. This procedure might be difficult since ants move fast and has a chance to lurk out of the petri dishes. "o the "econd one is to get 3 ants or termites and a big basin spray each ant ith a spray. Third is to test the sprays on the pests in action, for ants0 find ants that are scavenging for food, spray 3 times, then observe hat ill happen. !or termites0 !ind places here termites are attacking, then spray on the area 2+ times and observe hat ould happen. %n order to test the effectiveness of the spray as an ant repellent, you need to test it in ? different areas, ‒‒‒the balcony, the kitchen, and your on room‒‒‒ get a bait like sugar or bread crumbs and then surround the bait ith +mL of spray, then record ho long before an ant tries to enter or get the bait.
Procedure $aking the Oregano &xtract
Gather some Oregano leaves. ;hop the Oregano leaves and set these aside. &xtract oregano leaves using an electric #uicer and place it on different spray bottles. The suggested amount of Oregano leaves is 333g. $aking the Lantana &xtract Get and chop some Lantana, leaves or floers may do. &xtract the Lantana leaves and floer using an electric #uicer and place it on different spray bottles. The recommended amount of Lantana leaves and floers is +33g. $aking the "pray Prepare ? different spray bottles ith labels. Put 3 ounces of oregano extract on the first bottle, 3 ounces of Lantana on the second bottle, and + ounces of Oregano extract and + ounces Lantana extracts combined on the third spray bottle.
RESLTS AN' ',S+SS,ON
Ta&le 2#A N!m&er of Ants that died after spra$ing !sing the Lantana extract3 Oregano extract3 and the Lantana and Oregano Extract on a petri dish
Testing Lantana Oregano LHO ;ommercial Tap
Testing Lantana Oregano LHO ;ommercial Tap
killed the most number of ants, folloed by the Lantana and Oregano spray, then the Lantanaonly spray. Ta&le 2#+ The N!m&er of Ants that died 4hile scavenging 4hen spra$ed 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$
Testing Lantana Oregano LHO ;ommercial Tap
Testing Lantana Oregano LHO Tap
Ta&le 5#) N!m&er of termites that died !sing the spra$ 4ith Lantana extract3 Oregano Extract3 and the Lantana and Oregano Extract on the &asin
Testing
Lantana I
Oregano F
LHO 4
;ommercial 3
Tap
2 I ? + Average F
+ 4 * I * I.F spray ith only Lantana killed
3 3 3 an average of F
? 7 2.? termites,
Oregano and Lantana ith I.F, and Oregano ith * termites. The Lantana "pray killed an average of +.I termites out of the six testings, Oregano and Lantana killed an average of 7.F termites, and Oregano killed an average of ?.I. Ta&le 5#+ The N!m&er of Termites that died 4hile on their nests 4hen spra$ed 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$
Testing 2 ? Average
Lantana 43 43 2+ *I.?
Oregano ?? ?3 7*.2 ?*.7
LHO 7? 73 77.77 72.+
;ommercial 33 4+ 33 4I.?
LHO ;ommercial ? mins. ?3 mins 23 mins. ?3 mins 2+ mins 2+ mins * mins. 2I.? mins tap ater and commercial insect
Tap
ant repellence for ?3 minutesE amount of time having a teaspoonful of bron sugar held on an aluminum foil surrounded by + mL of each of the spray. Trial indicates that the ;ommercial and Lantana have the same repellence effect having the amount of time of ?3 minutes. The
repellence amount of time of Oregano and tap ater, results to repelling amount of time of + minutes and 2 minutes, respectively. Trial 2 indicates that the commercial has the longest repellence amount of time repelling for ?3 minutes, folloed by the 23 minutesE repellence amount of time belonging to Lantana, Oregano and LHO. Tap ater has the shortest repellence time of + minutes. Observed on trial ?, commercial and Oregano both have the same repellence time of ?3 minutes, folloed by 2+ minutesE repellence time of Lantana, LHO, and tap ater. @aving the average of ?3 minutesE repellence time of the commercial insect killer, 2+ minutes for Lantana, 2.F minutes for Oregano, * minutes for LHO, and 3.F minutes for tap ater. Among the three sprays created, Lantana has the longest amount of repellence time folloed by Oregano spray then the LHO spray. The positive control, commercial insect killer, repelled ants the longest. The negative control hich is the tap ater, repelled shorter than the Oregano.
Ta&le 6#) The '!ration of Time &efore the ants 4ent to the s!gar s!rro!nded 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$ inside the .itchen Testing Lantana Oregano LHO ;ommercial 2+ mins. + mins. 3 mins. ?3 mins. 2 3 mins. 3 mins. ?3 mins. ?3 mins. ? ?3 mins. 3 mins. ?3 mins. ?3 mins. Average 2.F mins. I.? mins 2?.? mins ?3 mins ? trials conducted to test each of the spray, tap ater and commercial insect
Tap
ant repellence for ?3 minutesE amount of time having a teaspoonful of bron sugar held on an aluminum foil surrounded by + mL of each of the spray. Trial shos that commercial insect killer is more effective having repelled ants for ?3 minutes compared to Lantana, Oregano, LHO, Tap ater repelling for 2+ minutes, + minutes, 3 minutes, and + minutes, respectively. Trial 2
shos that the commercial insect killer and Lantana have the same repellence time of ?3 minutes hich is more effective than the 2+-minute repellence time of tap ater and the 3-minute repellence time of Lantana and Oregano. Trial ? shos that commercial insect killer, Lantana and LHO all have the same amount of repellence time hich is ?3 minutes implying that they are more effective than the 3 minutesE repellence time of Oregano and Tap ater. @aving the average of ?3 minutesE repellence time belonging to the commercial insect killer, 2.F minutes for Lantana, 2?.? minutes for LHO, ?.+ minutes for tap ater, and I.? minutes for Oregano. Among the three sprays created, Lantana has the longest amount of repellence time folloed by LHO spray and the Oregano spray. The positive control, commercial insect killer, repelled ants the longest. The negative control hich is the tap ater, repelled shorter than the Oregano.
Ta&le 6#+ The '!ration of Time &efore the ants 4ent to the s!gar s!rro!nded 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$ in the Room Testing Lantana Oregano LHO ;ommercial ?3 mins. ?3 mins. 23 mins. ?3 mins. 2 ?3 mins. ?3 mins. ?3 mins. ?3 mins. ? ?3 mins. ?3 mins. ?3 mins. ?3 mins. Average ?3 mins. ?3 mins. 2*.F mins ?3 mins. ? trials conducted to test each of the spray, tap ater and commercial insect
Tap
ant repellence for ?3 minutesE amount of time having a teaspoonful of bron sugar held on an aluminum foil surrounded by + mL of each of the spray. At trial , ?3 minutesE repellence time belongs to commercial, Lantana, Oregano. 23 minutesE repellence time belongs to LHO and the same goes ith the tap ater. All the sprays, including the positive and negative control have ?3 minutesE repellence time observed at trial 2 and trial ?. ;ommercial insect killer, Lantana and
Oregano have the average of ?3 minutesE repellence time. LHO and tap ater have the average of 2*.F minutesE repellence time. Among the three sprays created, Lantana only and Oregano only have the longest amount of repellence time folloed by LHO spray. The positive control, commercial insect killer, repelled ants the longest. The negative control hich is the tap ater, repelled shorter than the Oregano.
Ta&le 7#A The Percentage of Ants that died 4hile on petri dishes3 &asin3 and in their environment 4hen spra$ed 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$ Types of Testing
Lantana
Oregano
Lantana and Oregano
a. Petri >ish
4?
2+
*F
b. 'asin
2?
+?
2F
+F.
?*.2
72.7
+F.F
?F.+
7+.+
c. &nvironment Average
"hon on this table ? trials tested each on petri dishes, basins and environment. On petri dishes ith 23 sprays of each bottle observed for 3 ants, Lantana is more effective than Oregano only and Oregano-Lantana, having a percentage of 4? compared to the result of 2+ for Oregano only and *F for Oregano-Lantana. Oregano is more effective ith a percentage of +? compared to 2? for Lantana and 2F for Oregano-Lantana based on the testings done on basin having 3 sprays of each observed for 3 ants. Observed at the environment here ants are seen, Lantana ith a percentage of +F. is more effective than the 72.7 from OreganoLantana and the ?*.2 of Oregano only.
The one ith the most significant effect in killing ants is Lantana spray ith +F.F, folloed by the mixture of Lantana and Oregano that eliminated ?F.+ out of the three different procedures and then Oregano that killed ?F.+ of ants overall.
Ta&le 7#) The Percentage of Termites that died 4hile on petri dishes3 &asin3 and in their environment 4hen spra$ed 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$ Types of Testing
Lantana
Oregano
Lantana and Oregano
a. Petri >ish
43
I+
IF
b. 'asin
F3
*3
*?
**.F
?7.F
77.?
F+.*
+4.4
*7.I
c. &nvironment Average
The table implies that Lantana killed F+.* of termites, making it the most significant among the three sprays, folloed by the combination of Lantana and Oregano that killed *7.I of termites, and then the Oregano-only spray that eliminated +4.4 of termites. %n summari8ation, the Lantana killed the most number of termites, shoing itEs the most effective among the three due to the anti-termicidal property of Lantana. The mixture of Lantana and Oregano killed the second-most among the three. And the Oregano-only, that killed the least among the three, but the results ere not significantly far from each other.
Ta&le 8#The Significant Effect of Repelling Ants at the )alcon$3 ,nside the .itchen3 and in the Room )efore the Ants 1ent to the S!gar S!rro!nded 4ith Lantana Spra$3 Oregano Spra$3 and the Lantana and Oregano Spra$ Types of Testing
Lantana
Oregano
Lantana and Oregano
a. 'alcony
2+ mins.
2.F mins
* mins
b. :itchen
2.F mins.
I.? mins.
2?.? mins
c. =oom
?3 mins.
?3 mins.
2*.F mins
2+.+* mins
23 mins.
22 mins.
Average
The table +.A shos the ant repellence of the sprays in three different locations. On the first location, the balcony, Lantana had the longest time in repelling the ants ith 2+ minutes. !olloed by the Oregano ith 2.F minutes, and then the Lantana and Oregano ith * minutes of repellence. On the second location, inside the kitchen, the Lantana and Oregano repelled ants for 2?.? minutes, Lantana ith 2.F minutes of repellence, and Oregano ith I.? minutes. !inally, on the room, Lantana and Oregano completely repelled the ants ithin the time frame of ?3 minutes and the $ixture of Lantana of Oregano ith 2*.F minutes of ant repellence. Lantana had the most effectivity as an ant-repellent, folloed by Lantana and Oregano, and then the Oregano. Ta&le 9#A The percentile potential of Lantana3 Oregano3 and Oregano-Lantana and the +ommercial Pesticide as Anticide3 Anti-termicide3 and Ant Repellence
Types of Testing
Lantana
Oregano
a.Anticide b.Anti-termicide c.Ant repellence
+F.F F+.* I+
?F.+ +4.4 *F
Oregano H Lantana 7+.+ *7.I F?
;ommercial Pesticide 4+.F 33 33
Ta&le 9#) The Significant 'ifference &et4een the potential of Lantana3 Oregano3 OreganoLantana3 and commercial pesticide to &ecome anticide3 anti-termicide3 and ant repellence#
Jariables
df
! test value
Level of
;ritical Jalue
%nterpretation
"ignifcance Lantana Oregano ? Oregano-Lantana ;ommercial
)ull F.3F+
3.3
F.+*
hypothesis
I Pesticide
Accepted
The table shos that the f-value of F.3F+ is less than the critical value of F.+* at 3.3 level of significance. The f-value falls on the region of region of acceptance, thus, the null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference among the potential of Lantana, Oregano, Oregano-Lantana and commercial pesticide as anticide, anti-termicide, and ant repellence.
+ON+LS,ON AN' RE+O""EN'AT,ON
S!mmar$ of the findings
'ased on the results of the test conducted on the study, it as found out that the Lantana "pray killed +F.F of ants, F+.* of termites, and repelled I+ of ants ithin ?3 minutes. The Oregano spray killed ?F.+ of ants, eliminated +4.I of termites, and repelled *F of ants on a time frame of ?3 minutes. The mixture of both Lantana and Oregano, killed 7+.+ of ants, *7.I of termites, and repelled F? of ants ithin ?3 minutes. Analy8ed and compared, Lantana as found the most effective in three aspects, being an ant killer, termite killer and ant repellent. !olloed by the Oregano and Lantana "pray, then the Oregano-only spray. The data also shos that there is no significant difference beteen the three types of sprays and the multi-insect commercial killer and its potential as anticide, anti-termicide, and ant repellence. +oncl!sion
'ased on the findings, proving that the organic sprays that contains, Lantana only, Oregano only, and the mixture of both Lantana and Oregano, can have comparable effects to the commercial pesticides as ant killers, termite killers, and ant repellence, after the testings, ma#ority of the ants and termites died, and most of the ants ere repelled for a long period of time, it is therefore concluded that the organic sprays has a potential to be an anticide, antitermicide, and ant repellence.
Recommendation
After the conduct of the study, the researchers highly recommend to use the organic sprays made and tested in the study since they are comparable to a commercial pesticide, also, the sprays have no poisonous and ha8ardous chemicals that may bring adverse health effects unlike the commercial pesticides. Also, the materials used are very common.
=eferences0
.6 http011.essential-oil-mama.com1make-your-on-essential-oil.html 2.6 https011en.ikipedia.org1iki1Termite ?.6 http011pestorldforkids.org1pest-guide1termites1 7.6 http011articles.mercola.com1herbal-oils1oregano-oil.aspx +.6 http011.gardenguides.com1?37+F-lantana-plant-pesticide.html *.6 /http011.harvesttotable.com1233413+1ants5in5the5garden5ant5pestici16 F.6 /http011.toxicsaction.org1problems-and-solutions1pesticides6 I.6 /.termites.iki6 4.6 /http011vestagms.com1articles1negative-effects-of-termites16 3.6 %dentification of %nsecticidal Properties in Lantana ;amara /". $urusegan, ;. =a#eshkanan, >. "uresh, and =. "umathi6 .6 Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Antimicrobial studies on the Leaves of L. ;amara /=.= Pradhan, >.: @ati and ". "amal6 2.6 The &fficacy of Lantana !loers and Leaves &xtracts on ;ockroaches /$anilyn !. >iano6 ?.6 /https011phys.org1nes123-34-deet-insects.html6
Appendices0
