#VMMZJOHEJ4FLPMBI EBO%BNQBLOZBCBHJ.BTB%FQBO"OBL "INBE#BMJZP&LP1 "INBE#BMJZ P&LP1SBTFUZP SBTFUZP
"CTUSBDU 7KLVSDSHUDLPVDWUHYLHZLQJEXOO\LQJDWVFKRROVLQFOXGLQJLWVGH¿QLWLRQVFKDUDFWHULVWLFVIRUPVDQGIDFWRUV SUHFHGLQJLW SUHF HGLQJLW 0RUHVSHFL¿FDOO\ 0RUHVSHFL¿FDOO\W WKLVSDSHU KLVSDSHUGLVFXVVHVWKHHIIHFWV GLVFXVVHVWKHHIIHFWV RIEXOO\LQJ RQFKLOGUHQ¶ RQFKLOGUHQ¶VIXWXUH$FFRUGLQJ VIXWXUH$FFRUGLQJ WROLWHUDWXUHVDQGVRPHYDULRXVUHVHDUFKHVEXOO\LQJLQFKLOGKRRGDQGLQVFKRROGD\VDOOHJHGO\EHFRPHV RQHRIPDLQIDFWRUVWKDWFDXVHGSV\FKRORJLFDOGLVRUGHUVLQWKHLUDGXOWKRRG6RPHRIUHFRUGHGGLVRUGHUV WKDWDUHUHODWHGWRORQJWHUPLPSDFWRIEXOO\LQJDWVFKRROGD\VDUH3RVW7UDXPDWLF6WUHVV'LVRUGHU376' GHSUHVVLRQODFNRIFRQ¿GHQFHDQGZLWKGUDZDO(YHQWXDOO\WKLVSDSHUZLOOSURSRVHWKHZD\VDQGPHWKRGVLQ VROYLQJDQGSUHYHQWLQJEXOO\LQJ VROYLQJDQGSU HYHQWLQJEXOO\LQJDQGLWVLPSDFWV DQGLWVLPSDFWV .H\ZRUGVEXOO\LQJEX .H\ZRU GVEXOO\LQJEXOO\LQJDWVFKRROV3R OO\LQJDWVFKRROV3RVW7 VW7UDXPDWLF6WU UDXPDWLF6WUHVV'LVRU HVV'LVRUGHU376' GHU376'EXOO\LQJSU EXOO\LQJSUHYHQWLRQ HYHQWLRQ
3HQXOLVD 3HQXOLVDGDODKDOXPQX GDODKDOXPQXV)DNXOWDV V)DNXOWDV3VLNRORJL 3VLNRORJLGDQ,OPX GDQ,OPX6RVLDO% 6RVLDO%XGD\D)3 XGD\D)36%8,, 6%8,,<
,QGRQHVLDQ%RDUGRI+\SQRWKHUDS\,%+
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íOJTJ #VMMZJOH SXWULODLQQ\DEHUHGDUGLLQWHUQHWGDQGLDQJNDWVHFDUD SXWULODLQQ\DEHUHGDUGLLQWHUQ HWGDQGLDQJNDWVHFDUD 6HFDUD 6HF DUD KDU¿ KDU¿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¿VLNPDXSXQPHQWDO %XOO\LQJ ELVD EHUXSD NHNHUDVDQ GDODP EHQWXN GDQGXQLDSHQGLGLNDQSDGDXPXPQ\D ¿VLN ¿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¿QLVL WHUVHEXW EXOO\LQJ WHUM WHUMDGL DGL GDPSDN\DQJMDXKOHELKVHULXV\DNQLEXOO\LQJ.DVXV
" 1FOEBIVMVBO
/0 70- *7
%XOO\LQJGL6HNRODKGDQ'DPSDNQ\DEDJL0DVD'HSDQ$QDN NDUHQDGXDKDO SHUWDPDDGDQ\DNHWLGDNVHLPEDQJDQ NHNXDWDQDQWDUDSHODNXEXOO\LQJ \DQJOHELKNXDWGDQ WDUJHWNRUEDQ\DQJOHELKOHPDK.HWLGDNVHLPEDQJDQ NHNXDWDQ LQL ELVD EHUXSD XNXUDQ EDGDQ NHNXDWDQ ¿VLN MXPODK SHODNX YHUVXV NRUEDQ NHSDQGDLDQ ELFDUD JHQGHU MHQLV NHODPLQ VWDWXV VRVLDO GDQ SHUDVDDQ OHELK VXSHULRU 8QVXU NHWLGDNVHLPEDQJDQ NHNXDWDQGDQLQWHQVLWDV\DQJEHUXODQJXODQJLQLODK \DQJPHPEHGDNDQEXOO\LQJ GHQJDQEHQWXNNHNHUDVDQ ODLQQ\D'DODPNRQÀLNDQWDUDGXDRUDQJDWDXDQWDU NHORPSRN\DQJNHNXDWDQQ\DVDPDWHUPDVXNWDZXUDQ PDVVDO DQWDU SHODMDU PDVLQJPDVLQJ PHPLOLNL NHNXDWDQ EHULPEDQJ GDQ PHPLOLNL NHPDPSXDQ XQWXN VDOLQJ PHQ\HUDQJ DWDX PHQDZDUNDQ VROXVL GDQ NRPSURPL XQWXN PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ PDVDODK 'DODPNDVXVEXOO\LQJ NHWLGDNVHLPEDQJDQNHNXDWDQ DQWDUDSHODNXEXOO\LQJ GDQNRUEDQQ\DPHQJKDODQJL NHGXDQ\D XQWXN PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ NRQÀ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
0HQJDSDNDVXVEXOO\LQJ GLVHNRODKLQLNXUDQJ EDQ\DN PHQGDSDW SHUKDWLDQ KLQJJD DNKLUQ\D MDWXK NRUEDQ" 3HUWDPD HIHNQ\D WLGDN WDPSDN VHFDUD ODQJVXQJNHFXDOLEXOO\LQJ GDODPEHQWXNNHNHUDVDQ ¿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¿VLNPDXSXQSVLNLV 'DODPKDO LQL MLND PHQ\DNLWL 6HGDQJNDQGDODPMDQJNDSDQMDQJNRUEDQ EXOO\LQJ RUDQJ ODLQ NDUHQD XQVXU NHWLGDNVHQJDMDDQ PDND
/070-*7
$KPDG%DOL\R(NR3UDVHW\R SHULODNX WHUVHEXW EXNDQ GLNDWHJRULNDQ SHULODNX DJUHVL5DVDVDNLWDNLEDWWLQGDNDQPHGLVPLVDOQ\D ZDODXSXQVHQJDMDGLODNXNDQEXNDQWHUPDVXNDJUHVL 6HEDOLNQ\D QLDW PHQ\DNLWL RUDQJ ODLQ PHVNL WLGDN EHUKDVLOGDSDWGLNDWHJRULNDQVHEDJDLSHULODNXDJUHVL 3HQJHUWLDQDJUHVLPHUXMXNSDGDSHULODNXDWDXEHQWXN NHLQJLQDQ GULYHPRWLYDWLRQ \DQJ GLPDNVXGNDQ XQWXN PHPEXDW REMHNQ\D PHQJDODPL EDKD\D DWDX NHVDNLWDQ$JUHVLDGDODKIHQRPHQDNRPSOHNV\DQJ WHUGLULGDULVHMXPODKSHULODNXGDULMHQLV \DQJ OHELK NKXVXV+DOO/LQG]H\
B
'BLUPSGBLUPS"HSFTJ
PHPLFXSHULODNXDJUHVLIGLDQWDUDQ\DDGDODK
'BLUPS#JPMPHJT
0HQXUXW'DYLGRIIDGDEHEHUDSDIDNWRU ELRORJLV\DQJPHPSHQJDUXKLSHULODNXDJUHVL D
*HQWDPSDNQ\DEHUSHQJDUXKSDGDSHPEHQWXNDQ VLVWHP V\DUDI RWDN \DQJ PHQJDWXU SHULODNX DJUHVL'DULSHQHOLWLDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQWHUKDGDS ELQDWDQJ PXODL GDUL \DQJ VXOLW VDPSDL \DQJ SDOLQJ PXGDK GLSDQFLQJ DPDUDKQ\D IDNWRU NHWXUXQDQ WDPSDNQ\D PHPEXDW KHZDQ MDQWDQ \DQJ EHUDVDO GDUL EHUEDJDL MHQLV OHELK PXGDK PDUDKGLEDQGLQJNDQEHWLQDQ\D
%HEHUDSD WHRUL DJUHVL PHQJDWDNDQ EDKZD SHQ\HEDE XWDPD PXQFXOQ\D SHULODNX DJUHVL DGDODK E 6LVWHP RWDN \DQJ WLGDN WHUOLEDW GDODP DJUHVL WHUQ\DWD GDSDW PHPSHUNXDW DWDX PHQJKDPEDW WHUKDODQJQ\D VHVHRUDQJ GDODP PHQFDSDL WXMXDQ VLUNXLWV\DUDI\DQJPHQJHQGDOLNDQDJUHVL3DGD NHEXWXKDQ NHLQJLQDQ DWDX SHQJKDUDSDQQ\D KHZDQ VHGHUKDQD PDUDK GDSDW GLKDPEDW DWDX )UXVWUDVL \DQJ PXQFXO LQL GLVHEDENDQ DGDQ\D GLWLQJNDWNDQGHQJDQPHUDQJVDQJVLVWHPOLPELF IDNWRUGDULOXDU\DQJEHJLWXNXDWPHQHNDQVHKLQJJD GDHUDK \DQJ PHQLPEXONDQ NHQLNPDWDQ SDGD PXQFXOSHULODNXDJUHVL%DQGXUDPHQ\DWDNDQEDKZD PDQXVLD VHKLQJJD PXQFXO KXEXQJDQ WLPEDO SHULODNX DJUHVL PHUXSDNDQ KDVLOGDULSURVHV EHODMDU EDOLNDQWDUDNHQLNPDWDQGDQNHNHMDPDQ2UDQJ VRVLDO PHODOXL SHQJDPDWDQ WHUKDGDS GXQLD VRVLDO \DQJEHURULHQWDVLSDGDNHQLNPDWDQDNDQVHGLNLW 6RHGDUGMR)DGLOOD PHODNXNDQDJUHVLVHGDQJNDQRUDQJ\DQJWLGDN 0HGLD EDLN FHWDN PDXSXQ HOHNWURQLN WLGDN SHUQDK PHQJDODPL NHVHQDQJDQ NHJHPELUDDQ NDODK SHQWLQJ GDODP PHQGXNXQJ WHUEHQWXNQ\D DWDX VDQWDL FHQGHUXQJ XQWXN PHODNXNDQ SHULODNX DJUHVL 7D\DQJDQ NHNHUDVDQ GDSDW WLQGDNDQDJUHVL PHQLPEXONDQ UDQJVDQJDQ GDQ PHPXQJNLQNDQ LQGLYLGX \DQJ PHOLKDWQ\D WHUOHELK PHUHND \DQJ F .LPLD GDUDK .LPLD GDUDK NKXVXVQ\D KRUPRQ VHNV \DQJ VHEDJLDQ GLWHQWXNDQ IDNWRU EHUXVLD PXGD XQWXN PHQLUX PRGHO NHNHUDVDQ NHWXUXQDQMXJDGDSDWPHPSHQJDUXKLSHULODNX VHSHUWL \DQJ GLWD\DQJNDQ 6LWXDVL \DQJ VHWLDS KDUL DJUHVL 'DODP VXDWX HNVSHULPHQ LOPXZDQ PHQDPSLONDQ NHNHUDVDQ \DQJ EHUDQHND UDJDP PHQ\XQWLNNDQ KRUPRQ WHVWRVWHURQ SDGD WLNXV VHGLNLW GHPL VHGLNLW DNDQ PHPEHULNDQ SHQJXDWDQ GDQEHEHUDSDKHZDQODLQWHVWRVWHURQPHUXSDNDQ EDKZD KDO LWX PHUXSDNDQ KDO \DQJ PHQ\HQDQJNDQ KRUPRQDQGURJHQXWDPD\DQJPHPEHULNDQFLUL DWDX KDO \DQJ ELDVD GLODNXNDQ 'DYLGRII 5RQDOG NHODPLQMDQWDQ7LNXVWLNXVWHUVHEXWWDNODPD HW DO 6RHGDUGMR )DGLOOD 'HQJDQ NHPXGLDQ EHUNHODKL VHPDNLQ VHULQJ 6HZDNWX PHQ\DNVLNDQ DGHJDQ NHNHUDVDQ WHUVHEXW WHUMDGLODK WHVWRVWHURQ GLNXUDQJL KHZDQ WHUVHEXW PHQMDGL SURVHV EHODMDU GDUL PRGHO RUDQJ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ OHPEXW.HQ\DWDDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD DQDN NHNHUDVDQ GL WHOHYLVL VHKLQJJD DNDQ PHPXQFXONDQ EDQWHQJ MDQWDQ \DQJ VXGDK GLNHELUL GLSRWRQJ SHULODNXDJUHVL DODWNHODPLQQ\DDNDQPHQMDGLMLQDN6HGDQJNDQ 6HODLQ LWX EHEHUDSD SHQHOLWLDQ PHQHPXNDQ SDGDZDQLWD\DQJVHGDQJPHQJDODPLPDVDKDLG EDKZD SHULODNX DJUHVL WHUQ\DWD MXJD PHQXODU$GD NDGDU KRUPRQ NHZDQLWDDQ \DLWX HVWURJHQ GDQ UDQJVDQJDQSHULODNXDJUHVL \DQJGLVHEDENDQVHULQJQ\D SURJHVWHURQH PHQXUXQ MXPODKQ\D $NLEDWQ\D VHVHRUDQJPHOLKDWWD\DQJDQSHULODNXDJUHVLPHODOXL SDGD PDVDPDVD KDLG LQL ZDQLWD FHQGHUXQJ WHOHYLVL DWDX PHPEDFD VXUDW NDEDU \DQJ PHPXDW PXGDKWHUVLQJJXQJJHOLVDKWHJDQJGDQPXGDK KDVLOSHULODNXDJUHVLVHSHUWLSHPEXQXKDQWDZXUDQ EHUPXVXKDQ 6HODLQ LWX EDQ\DN ZDQLWD \DQJ PDVVDO GDQ SHQJDQLD\DDQ .HOXDUJD OLQJNXQJDQ PHODNXNDQ SHODQJJDUDQ KXNXP PHODNXNDQ GDQ WHPDQ EHUJDXO \DQJ PHPLOLNL SHULODNX DJUHVL WLQGDNDQ DJUHVL SDGD VDDW EHUODQJVXQJQ\D MXJD ELVD PHQXODUNDQ SHULODNX WHUVHEXW 'DYLGRII VLNOXVKDLGLQL 5RQDOGHWDO 6HFDUD XPXP DGD EHEHUDSD IDNWRU \DQJ GDSDW
/0 70- *7
%XOO\LQJGL6HNRODKGDQ'DPSDNQ\DEDJL0DVD'HSDQ$QDN
-JOHLVOHBO
D
.HPLVNLQDQ %LOD VHRUDQJ DQDN GLEHVDUNDQ GDODP OLQJNXQJDQ NHPLVNLQDQ PDND SHULODNX DJUHVL PHUHND VHFDUD DODPL PHQJDODPL SHQJXDWDQ
SHODMDU 603GDQ 60$ GL -DNDUWD
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¿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¿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³PHUDVDERGRKGDODPVHPXDSHODMDUDQKLWXQJ 3DGD WDKXQ ODOX
/070-*7
$KPDG%DOL\R(NR3UDVHW\R PHPEHQFLSHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLNDGDQ³PHUDVDERGRK GDODPVHPXDSHODMDUDQKLWXQJPHQJKLWXQJ´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
%BNQBL #VMMZJOH
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
OXSD DSD VDMD \DQJ WHODK GLODNXNDQ GDQ VLDSD VDMD \DQJ GLD WHPXL EHEHUDSD KDUL VHEHOXPQ\D 2OHK GRVHQQ\D 0LD GLVDUDQNDQ XQWXN PHQMDODQL K\SQRWKHUDS\ GHQJDQ SHQXOLV 3DGD VDDW SUHWDON VHPDFDP DQDPQHVLVGDODPSVLNRORJLNOLQLVXQWXN PHQJLGHQWL¿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³EDQ\DN RUDQJNHUDPDLDQGLHMHNGLSHUPDOXNDQ PDUDKVDNLW KDWL´ ,QLODK \DQJ NHPXGLDQ PHPLFX IRELD NHUDPDLDQ \DQJ GLDODPL 0LD $NLEDWQ\D VHWLDSNDOLGLDEHUDGDGLWHPSDWGLPDQDDGDEDQ\DN RUDQJGLVDQDSURJUDP³ EDQ\DNRUDQJNHUDPDLDQ GLHMHNGLSHUPDOXNDQPDUDKVDNLW KDWL´ LWX DNDQ DNWLIVHKLQJJDWDQSDVHEDE\DQJMHODVGLDODQJVXQJ PHUDVDFHPDVWDNXWSXVLQJGDQPXDO
WLGDNPHQLPEXONDQUDVDVDNLW3DGDDNKLUQ\D VNLOO PHPHQGDP SHUDVDDQ LWX VHPDNLQ NXDW VHKLQJJD LQSXWLQSXW HNVWHUQDO \DQJ VHEHQDUQ\D WLGDN PHQJDQFDPSXQLNXWSXODWHUSHQGDP$NKLUQ\D0LD PHQMDGLVHSHUWLDPQHVLDPXGDKPHOXSDNDQKDOKDO \DQJEDUXVDMDGLODNXNDQQ\D 'DODP SVLNRORJL NOLQLV JDQJJXDQ SKRELD FHPDV GDQ JHMDOD VHSHUWL DPQHVLD \DQJ GLDODPL 0LD LQL GLVHEXW GHQJDQ LVWLODK 3RVW 7UDXPDWLF 6WUHVV 'LVRUGHU 376' 'L QHJDUDQHJDUD PDMX VHSHUWL $6 SHQHOLWLDQSHQHOLWLDQ PHQJHQDL 376' PHQHPXNDQ EDKZD EXOO\LQJ \DQJ GLDODPL VHPDVD GXGXN GL EDQJNX VHNRODK VDQJDW HUDW NDLWDQQ\D GHQJDQPXQFXOQ\DEHEHUDSDNDVXV&RPSOH[ 376' SDGD VDDW GHZDVD 'U &KDUOHV 5DVLRQ VHRUDQJ SVLNLDWHUGDUL(PRU\8QLYHUVLW\0HGLFDO6FKRRO$6 GDODP SHQHOLWLDQQ\D PHQHPXNDQ EDKZD EXOO\LQJ GL VHNRODK GDSDW PHQ\HEDENDQ WHUMDGLQ\D 376' SDGDVDDWGHZDVD/HELKODQMXW5DLVRQPHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZDSHUHPSXDQGXDNDOLOHELKEHUHVLNRPHQGHULWD 376' SDGD VDDW GHZDVD DNLEDW EXOO\LQJ SDGDVDDW VHNRODK GDULSDGD ODNLODNL KWWSHGLWLRQFQQ FRP+($/7+H[SHUWTDEXOO\LQJSWVG UDLVRQLQGH[KWPO 'DWD LQL VHPDNLQ PH\DNLQNDQ SHQXOLV EDKZD JDQJJXDQ \DQJ GLDODPL 0LD DGDODK JHMDOD376'DNLEDWEXOO\LQJ \DQJGLDODPLQ\DSDGD VDDWVHNRODK $SD\DQJGLDODPL0LDDGDODKVDODKVDWXFRQWRK Q\DWDGDULGDPSDNMDQJNDSDQMDQJNRUEDQ EXOO\LQJ \DQJMLNDWLGDNGLWDQJDQLDNDQWHUEDZDKLQJJDGHZDVD GDQWHQWXDNDQPHQJJDQJJXSHQFDSDLDQSHQFDSDLDQ WHUEDLNGDODPNHKLGXSDQPHUHNDEDLNGDODPVWXGL NDULU KXEXQJDQ VRVLDO GDQ DNKLUQ\D NHEDKDJLDDQ KLGXSPHUHND+DOWHUEDLN\DQJVHKDUXVQ\DGLODNXNDQ DGDODKPHQDQJDQLGDQPHQFHJDKSHULODNX EXOO\LQJ LQLVHMDNGLQLGLVHNRODKGDQGLUXPDK
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µVNLOO¶ PHPHQGDP GLJXQDNDQJXUXGDODPPHQGLGLNGDQPHPSHUODNXNDQ SHUDVDDQ3DGDGDVDUQ\DPHPHQGDPGDQPHQJXEXU PHUHND SHUDVDDQLQLDGDODKPHNDQLVPHSHUWDKDQDQGLUL VHOI 3HQXOLV WHULQJDW GHQJDQ VHRUDQJ *XUX %. GHIHQVH PHFKDQLVPDJDUSHUODNXDQWLGDNHQDNLWX /070-*7
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³NDPX LWX VHEHQDUQ\D DQDN \DQJEDLN´DWDX³NDPXDGDODKDQDN\DQJEDLN´
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
/0 70- *7
%XOO\LQJGL6HNRODKGDQ'DPSDNQ\DEDJL0DVD'HSDQ$QDN SDUDJXUXGDSDWPHQJDQWLVLSDVLGDQPHQJLGHQWL¿NDVL SHULODNXEXOO\LQJ SDUDVLVZD.RKXW
.DUHQDMLND WLGDN VHJHUD GLODNXNDQ DNVLDNVL \DQJ OHELK VHULXV GDQ WHURUJDQLVLU EXOO\LQJ LQL DNDQ PHUHSURGXNVL WLQGDNDQ NHNHUDVDQ \DQJ DGD GL .HHPSDW GHNODUDVLNDQ NDPSDQ\H DQWL VHNRODK.DUHQDSHODNXDNDQFHQGHUXQJPHQJXODQJ EXOO\LQJ \DQJPHOLEDWNDQSHUDQDNWLIVHPXDXQVXU SHUEXDWDQQ\D GDQ NRUEDQ EXOO\LQJ SXQ PHPLOLNL VHNRODKGDULSDUDJXUXNDU\DZDQVLVZDGDQSDUD NHFHQGHUXQJDQ\DQJVDQJDWEHVDUXQWXNPHODNXNDQ RUDQJWXD .DPSDQ\H LQL ELVD EHUXSD SRVWHUSRVWHU WLQGDNDQEXOO\LQJSXODMLNDDGDNHVHPSDWDQ DQWLEXOO\LQJ SHUWXQMXNDQSHUWXQMXNDQ VHQL DWDX DSDSXQ\DQJWHPDVHQWUDOQ\DDGDODKDQWLEXOO\LQJ &DUD LQL VHODLQ XQWXN PHQFHJDK SHULODNX EXOO\LQJ %BGUBS1VTUBLB GDQPHPEHULNDQSHPDKDPDQDUWLEXOO\LQJ WHUKDGDS #VLVEBO+VSOBM VHPXD XQVXU VHNRODK MXJD ELVD EHUIXQJVL VHEDJDL 2OZHXV 'DQ %XOO\LQJ DW 6FKRRO :KDW :H PHGLD SHQJDOLKDQ HQHUJL GDQ VXPEHU GD\D PXULG .QRZDQG:KDW :H &DQ'R0DVVDFKXVVHWWV XQWXNKDOKDO\DQJSRVLWLI %ODFNZHOO3XEOLVKLQJ
VHEDJDL SHQFHJDKDQ VHNDOLJXV .HOLPD VHEDJDL SHQDQJDQDQ NDVXV EXOO\LQJ VHNRODK SHUOX PHQ\HGLDNDQ VHPDFDP EXOO\LQJ FHQWHU EDJL SDUD VLVZD %LPELQJDQ .RQVHOLQJ GL VHNRODK ELVD MXJD GLWDPEDKNDQIXQJVLLQL%DJLDQLQLEHUSHUDQVHEDJDL WHPSDW SHQJDGXDQ \DQJ VDQJDW UDKDVLD DUWLQ\D LGHQWLWDVNRUEDQSHODSRUDNDQGLUDKDVLDNDQ%DJLDQ LQLMXJDEHUSHUDQPHPEHULNDQNRQVHOLQJGDQWHUDSL EDJLVLVZDNRUEDQPDXSXQSHODNXEXOO\LQJ
$ 1FOVUVQ
+DOO&DOYLQ6*DUGQHU/LQG]H\ 3VLNRORJL .HSULEDGLDQ 7HRULWHRUL 3VLNRGLQDPLN .OLQLV
'DYLGRII 5RQDOG HW DO $JJUHVVLRQ DQG &RXQWHU $JJUHVVLRQGXULQJ&KLOG3V\FKLDWULF+RVSLWDOL]DWLRQ -RXUQDO RI WKH $PHULFDQ $FDGHP\ RI &KLOG DQG $GROHVFHQFH 3V\FKLDWU\ 9RO ,VVXH 0DUFK
'DODP XQGDQJXQGDQJ SHUOLQGXQJDQ DQDN 1R 7DKXQ SDVDO GLQ\DWDNDQ ³DQDN GL GDODPGDQGL OLQJNXQJDQVHNRODK ZDMLEGLOLQGXQJL GDULWLQGDNDQNHNHUDVDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKJXUX .RKXW 0DUJDUHW 5 7KH &RPSOHWH *XLGH SHQJHOROD VHNRODK DWDX WHPDQWHPDQQ\D GL GDODP WR 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ &RQWUROOLQJ DQG 6WRSSLQJ VHNRODK\DQJEHUVDQJNXWDQDWDXOHPEDJDSHQGLGLNDQ %XOOLHV %XOO\LQJ D &RPSOHWH *XLGH IRU ODLQQ\D´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