JENIS PROFESI & JENJANG KARIR DI DUNIA IT

OFGD\ Q^@JF\D * OFGOCGE IC^D^ MD MVGDC D] \vknf~  ?

h}}q?//l`mfbcn`v~'u`~mq~f||'l`k

L@G]FG]\ Ndmcge L`kqv}f~ Hc~muc~f" Hc~muc~f" Gf}u`~i Gf}u`~i mcg \t|}fk Fgedgff~dge''''''''' '''''''''''' '''''' '''''''''''' '''''''''''' '''''''''''' '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''' <

3' Ndmcge L`kqv}f~ Fgedgff~dge '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' = 3'3' Hc~muc~f Fgedgff~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' = >' Ndmcge L`kqv}f~ \t|}fk * Gf}u`~idge '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' : >'3' \t|}fk \vqq`~} / ]flhgdlcb \vqq`~} ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' : >'>' Gf}u`~i Fgedgff~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5 >'<' \t|}fk Fgedgff~ / Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8 >'=' D] \qfldcbd|} ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4 Ndmcge \`j}uc~ \`j}uc~f f Mfzfb`q Mfzfb`qkfg} kfg} mcg L`g|vb}d L`g|vb}dge'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ge'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 33

3' Q~`e~ckkf~/Mfzfb`qf~''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 33 3'3' Hc~muc~f Q~`e~ckkf~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3> 3'>' \t|}fk Q~`e~ckkf~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3> 3'<' Cqqbdlc}d`g Q~`e~ckkf~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3> >' \t|}fk Cgcbt|} '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3= <' \`j}uc~f Svcbd}t C||v~cglf Fgedgff~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 36 =' \`j}uc~f Fgedgff~ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3: 6' Mc}cnc|f Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ (MNC$'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' (MNC$ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 38 :' \`j}uc~f C~lhd}fl}'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' C~lhd}fl}'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 34 Ofgocge Ofgocge Ic~d~ md Mvgdc D] ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' >=

3' J~f|h E~cmvc}f '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >= >' Ovgd`~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6 <' Fxqf~dfglfm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6 =' \fgd`~ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >: 6' Q~dgldqcb''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >5

:' Kcgcef~ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >5 5' Md~fl}`~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >8

NDMCGE L@KQV]F^ HC^MUC^F" GF]U@^I MCG \T\]FK FGEDGFF^DGE Qfgmchvbvcg

Q~`jf|d+q~`jf|d mcbck mvgdc D] nc~v kvglvb qcmc nfnf~cqc mficmf nfbcicgecg dgd |focbcg mfgecg nf~ifkncgegtc i`kqv}f~' Nchicg |ckqcd |fic~cgeqvg md gfef~d id}c kc|dh ncgtci  `~cge tcge nfbvk kfgef}chvd q~`jf|d q~`e~ckkf~ c}cv chbd oc~dgecg' Vg}vgegtc kc|tc~cic} id}c |fncedcg nf|c~ |vmch kfgefgcb i`kqv}f~ |fhdgeec ndbc id}c md}cgtc }fg}cge q~`jf|d/qfif~occg dgd id}c ndc|cgtc kfgocucn? ‒\ctc if~oc md ndmcge i`kqv}f~‛' ]fg}vgtc q~f|fq|d qfgcgtc cicg nf~nfmc+  nf~nfmc+  nfmc }fg}cge ‒q~`jf|d ndmcge i`kqv}f~‛' Icmcge icbc kf~fic cicg ifkncbd nf~}cgtc? ‒Ncecdkcgc qfgovcbcggtc0 \fqf~}dgtc |fic~cge bced kfgv~vg tc0‛…' Mcg id}c hcgtc nd|c kfgecgeevi |ckndb }f~|fgtvk… Tc kfkcge d}v ucoc~ }f~ocmd |cc} dgd ic~fgc ndmcge D] cmcbch ndmcge qfif~occg tcge qfgvh mfgecg cn|}~ci|d' Cqc tcge mdhc|dbicg }dmci nf~nfg}vi nc~cge }f}cqd nf~nfg}vi |vc}v kcgjcc}/oc|c tcge nd|c kfgdgeic}icg q~`mvi}djd}c| ndmcge qfif~occg bcdg' Kfgv~v} |ctc" dbkv+dbkv ndmcge D]/i`kqv}c|d D]/i` kqv}c|d kvglvb mc~d qf~qcmvcg cg}c~c kc}fkc}dic mcg }figdi fbfi}~`" ic~fgc ncgtci hcb+hcb tcge nf~|djc} kc}fkc}d| mcg cmc ovec tcge nf~|djc} fbfi}~`gdic mdmcbckgtc' Nced tcge qf~gch ivbdch md ov~v|cg tcge nf~hvnvgecg mfgecg D] }fg}vgtc ncgtci nf~hcmcqcg mfgecg kc}civbdch tcge nf~hvnvgecg mfgecg kc}fkc}dic" cbe`~d}kc mcg |fmdid} fbfi}~`gdic' ]f}cqd |f}fbch nfif~oc" hcb+hcb nf~|djc} b`edic mcg cbe`~d}kc cicg bfndh ncgtci mdevgcicg' Ic~fgc d}v mcbck |fkvc ov~v|cg i`kqv}f~" }figdi fbfi}~` /  }fbfi`kvgdic|d mcg kc}fkc}dic" |fbcbv cmc kc}civbdch ‒Cbe`~d}kc mcg Qfkq~`e~ckcg‛ Cmc `~cge tcge kfgec}cicg? ‒Cmcbch |f nvc} kd}`|" |f`~cge tcge chbd mcbck qfkq~`e~ckcg hc~v| chbd mcbck kc}fkc}dic'‛ Kvgeidg dgd cmc nfgc~gtc |flc~c vkvk" }f}cqd cmc icbcgtc ifchbdcg mcbck kc}fkc}dic }f~v}ckc Cbocnc~ Bdgfc~ kfkcge mdqf~bvicg vg}vi kfkncgevg cqbdic|d }f~}fg}v |fqf~}d ' L`kqv}f~ \t|}fk * Gf}u`~idge (|d|}fk mcg oc~dgecg l`kqv}f~$ <' \`j}uc~f Mfzfb`qkfg} * L`g|vb}dge (qfgefkncgecg * i`g|vb}cg|d q~d~cg}d bvgci$

If}dec ndmcge D] }f~|fnv} |fgecoc |ctc v~v}icg mc~d tcge nf~|djc} ‒hc~m‛ if tcge bfndh ‒|`j}‛' Qfknclc kvgeidg nf~}cgtc+}cgtc kfgecqc ndmcge kc~if}dge / |cbf| fgedgff~ }dmci  mdkc|viicg0 Kfkcge tcge |ctc nchc| md |dgd cmcbch mcbck bdgeivq ndmcge tcge nf~|djc} }flhgdlcb |coc' Ifkvmdcg ncecdkcgc hcbgtc mfgecg D] }~cdgf~ tcge kfkcge cmc vg}vi  |fkvc ndmcge q~`jf|d D]0 Q~`jf|d }~cdgf~ mcqc} mde`b`geicg if |cbch |c}v ndmcge tcge qcbdge mdivc|cd qbv| ifchbdcg kfgecoc~icg dbkvgtc |fhdgeec bfndh kvmch mdkfgef~}d `bfh }~cdgff/cvmdfglf' D] }~cdgf~ ovec kfkf~bvicg ifchbdcg kfgvbd| vg}vi kfgtv|vg k`mvb }~cdgdge c}cv kfgvbd| nviv ncdi mcbck nchc|c Dgm`gf|dc kcvqvg nchc|c Dgee~d|' \f}dcq q~`jf|d md mvgdc D] kfkdbdid ofgocge ic~d~ kvbcd mc~d j~f|h e~cmvc}f" ovgd`~" fxqf~dfglfm" |fgd`~ hdgeec fxqf~}' \ctc cicg kfknchc| bfndh mf}cdb kfgefgcd hcb dgd mcbck }vbd|cg tcge nf~ovmvb? ‒Ofgocge ic~d~ mcbck mvgdc D]‛' Mcbck }vbd|cg dgd hcgtc cicg mdnchc| kclck+kclck kclck+kclck ofgd| q~`jf|d q~` jf|d md mvgdc D] mcg ld~d+ld~dgtc' 3' NDMCGE L@KQV]F^ FGEDGFF^DGE

Ndmcge dgd cmcbch tcge qcbdge nf~|djc} i`gi~d} ic~fgc }vovcg cihd~gtc cmcbch kfgehc|dbicg q~`mvi tcd}v |fnvch I`kqv}f~ c}cv |fnvch qf~dqhf~cb' L`kqv}f~ fgedgff~dge nf~icd}cg mfgecg mf|cdg" qfgefkncgecg mcg }f|}dge hc~muc~f i`kqv}f~ / qf~dqhf~cb mc~d kvbcd }fig`b`ed |fkdi`gmvi}`~" kdi~`q~`|f|`~" ld~lvd}" dg}f~jcldge hdgeec qfgefkncgecg fknfmmfm |`j}uc~f mcbck |fnvch kdi~`i`g}~`bf~' \ctc }dmci cicg ncgtci nf~lf~d}c kfgefgcd ndmcge dgd ic~fgc ncgtci q~`jf|d+q~`jf|d md bvc~ mvgdc D] tcge }f~icd} if ndmcge dgd |fqf~}d jd|dic" jcn~dic|d |fkdi`gmvi}`~" kdi~`fbfi}~`gdic" fbfi}~`gdic mbb' 3'3' HC^MUC^F FGEDGFF^

\fncedcg nf|c~ q~`jf|d tcge nf~icd}cg mfgecg l`kqv}f~ fgedgff~dge }dmci ncgtci }f~mcqc} md Dgm`gf|dc ic~fgc }fgcec chbd md ndmcge dgd ncgtci mdqfif~ocicg md dgmv|}~d kdi~`q~`|f|`~ mcg dg}fe~c}fm ld~lvd} tcge kfbdnc}icg q~`|f| jcn~dic|d kdi~`fbfi}~`gdic mcg mf|cdg c~|d}fi}v~ kdi~`q~`|f|`~ tcge |cc} dgd nfbvk cmc md Dgm`gf|dc' Icbcvqvg cmc hcgtc qcmc q~`|f| c||fknbdge / qf~cid}cg mcg nvicg mf|cdg |f~}c qfgefkncgecggtc' Q~`jf|d tcge cmc md gfef~d id}c vkvkgtc nf~icd}cg mfgecg ~cglcge ncgevg dg}f~jcldge mcg kdi~`i`g}~`bf~' Kf~fic tcge kfgeckndb ov~v|cg }figdi i`kqv}f~ |fbckc ivbdch mcqc} kfgfivgd ndmcge dgd' Q~`jf|d dgd ndc|c md|fnv} ‒hc~muc~f fgedgff~‛'

Q~`jf|d hc~muc~f fgedgff~ |f~dge icbd ‒`zf~bcqqdge‛ mfgecg }figdi fbfi}~` }f~v}ckc mfgecg q~`jf|d fbfl}~`gdl| fgedgff~ mcg l`g}~`b / cv}`kc}d`g fgedgff~' Md mvgdc if~oc cicg bfndh ncgtci  md}fkvicg }fgcec+}fgcec chbd tcge nf~bc}c~ nfbcicge }figdi fbfi}~` mdncgmdgeicg mfgecg }figdi  i`kqv}f~' \fnfgc~gtc bdgeivq if~oc kc|dge+kc|dge ndmcge |vmch md}fg}vicg' hc~muc~f fgedgff~ tcge nf~bc}c~ nfbcicge }figdi i`kqv}f~ }vec|gtc lfgmf~vge nf~hvnvgecg mfgecg mf|cdg mcg `q}dkc|d c~|d}fi}v~ i`kqv}f~ c}cv kdi~`q~`|f|`~/kdi~`i`g}~`bf~ qcmc ihv|v|gtc' L`g}`hgtc cmcbch ncecdkcgc kfknvc} dg|}~vl}d`g |f} tcge `q}dkcb" nf~cqc ovkbch qdqfbdgf tcge mdnv}vhicg" ~fed|}f~|" `q}dkc|d nv| mcbck kdi~`q~`|f|`~ mbb' Ndmcge }figdi fbfi}~`gdic Hc~muc~f Fgedgff~ dg Bcn| nf~}vec| kf~cglcge mdzcd| kdi~`fbfi}~`gdic (}~cg|d|}`~$" ZB\D" `q}dkc|d mcbck jcn~dic|d |fkdi`gmvi}`~" `q}dkc|d i`gfi}djd}c| cg}c~ i`kq`gfg mcg ifhcgmcbcg i`kq`gfg kdi~`q~`|f|`~/kdi~`i`g}~`bf~ tcge mdq~`mvi|d' ]f}cqd |ficbd bced md gfef~d id}c ifgtc}cggtc ndmcge dgd |f~dge `zf~bcqqdge ic~fgc |fncedcg nf|c~ bcqcgecg if~oc ndmcge hc~muc~f fgedgff~dge nf~icd}cg mfgecg mf|cdg" qf~cid}cg mcg dkqbfkfg}c|d kfgeevgcicg i`kq`gfg hc~muc~f tcge |vmch cmc vg}vi kfkncgevg |fnvch q~`mvi c}cv |`bv|d' ]VEC\?

3' >' <' ='

Kfgmf|cdg mcg kfkncgevg dg}f~jclf cg}c~c i`kqv}f~ mfgecg qf~cbc}cg+qf~cbc}cg bcdg Kfkncgevg |`j}uc~f tcge kfge`g}~`b dg}f~jclf (ndc|cgtc kfgeevgcicg nchc|c L$ Kfgmf|cdg mcg kfkncgevg |`bv|d kfgeevgcicg fknfmmfm |d|}fk / kdi~`i`g}~`bf~ Kfkncgevg |`j}uc~f vg}vi kfgocbcgicg kdi~`i`g}~`bf~ (ndc|cgtc kfgeevgcicg nchc|c c||fknbt$ 6' ]f|}dge hc~muc~f' IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfkchckd ~cgeicdcg fbfi}~`gdic mcg ~cglcge ncgevg ~cgeicdcg mded}cb |f~}c i`kq`gfggtc >' Kfevc|cd c~|d}fi}v~ i`kqv}f~ mcg lc~c if~oc kdi~`q~`|f|`~ / kdi~`i`g}~`bf~ <' Kfevc|cd ~cglcge ncgevg l`kqv}f~ dg}f~jcldge =' Kfkchckd cbe`~d}kc mcg qfkq~`e~ckcg 6' Kfgevc|cd nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg C||fknbt mcg c}cv L/L)) :' Kfgevc|cd q~dg|dq if~oc i`kvgdic|d mc}c ncdi |flc~c qc~cbbfb" |f~dcb (L@K/V\N$" Ud~fbf| |f~}c }figdi qfkq~`e~ckcggtc' qfkq~`e~ckcggtc' BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

]figdi i`kqv}f~" ]figdi fbfi}~` (qfkv|c}cg (qfkv|c}cg |}vmd i`kqv}f~$ i`kqv}f~$

>' NDMCGE L@KQV]F^ \T\]FK * GF]U@^IDGE

Ndmcge dgd nf~icd}cg mfgecg mf|cdg" dkqbfkfg}c|d mcg qfkfbdhc~ccg dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg l`kqv}f~ ncdi BCG kcvqvg UCG" }fig`b`ed |f~zf~ hdgeec `q}dkc|d |f~}c cmkdgd|}~c|d |d|}fk i`kqv}f~' Nf~div} dgd cmcbch q~`jf|d+q~`jf|d tcge nf~icd}cg? nf~icd}cg? >'3' \T\]FK \VQQ@^] / ]FLHGDLCB \VQQ@^]

\t|}fk \vqq`~} Kfk`gd}`~ \d|}fk

Mc~d gckcgtc? ‒|t|}fk |vqq`~} |vq q`~} /  }flhgdlcb |vqq`~}‛" mcqc} id}c qchckd nchuc qfif~occg |fhc~d+ hc~dgtc cmcbch kfg+|vqq`~} /  kcdg}cdg / kfkfbdhc~c |d|}fk i`kqv}f~ nf~vqc hc~muc~f c}cv |`j}uc~f tcge |vmch nf~ocbcg' Qc~c q~`jf|d`gcb md ndmcge dgd mdqf~bvicg vg}vi kfknf~dicg mvivgecg }figd| }f~hcmcq q~`mvi  nf~vqc |`j}uc~f c}cv hc~muc~f tcge }fbch c}cv cicg mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg' \fbcdg d}v" |f`~cge |t|}fk |vqq`~} / }flhgdlcb |vqq`~} hc~v| mcqc} kfbcivicg }~`vnbf|h``}dge ndbc }f~ocmd ecgeevcg }f~hcmcq |t|}fk' Icbcv qfknclc qf~gch kfgmfgec~ q~`jf|d ‒hfbqmf|i fgedgff~‛" q~`jf|d }f~|fnv} mcqc} mde`b`geicg |fncecd |t|}fk |vqq`~} / }flhgdlcb |vqq`~}'

\cbch |c}v hcb tcge qf~bv md qf~hc}dicg cmcbch" icmcge icbc |f`~cge |t|}fk |vqq`~} hc~v| nfif~oc |flc~c |hdj} qced mcg kcbck vg}vi kf+kcdg}cdg |d|}fk tcge hc~v| nf~ocbcg >= ock |fhc~d mcg 5 hc~d |fkdgeev' ]VEC\?

3' >' <' ='

Kfkfbdhc~c mcg kfkc|}dicg |d|}fk tcge cmc nf~ocbcg mfgecg ncdi  Dg|}cbc|d |d|}fk ncdi hc~muc~f kcvqvg |`j}uc~f ]~`vnbf|h``}dge ]~`vnbf|h``}dge mcg qf~ncdicg |t|}fk Kfknf~dicg qfbc}dhcg if qc~c qfgeevgc |d|}fk

IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd dg|}cbc|d * |f}}dge i`kqv}f~ >' Kfkchckd i`g|fq mc|c~ gf}u`~idge mcg }~`vnbf }~` vnbf|h``}dge+gtc |h``}dge+gtc

<' Kfkchckd dg|cbc|d * }~`vnbf|h``}dge hc~muc~f / |`j}uc~f }f~}fg}v (}f~ecg}vge cqc tcge md+|vqq`~}$ BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

]figdi i`kqv}f~" ]figdi fbfi}~` (qfkv|c}cg (qfkv|c}cg |}vmd i`kqv}f~$ i`kqv}f~$ >'>' GF]U@^I FGEDGFF^

Q~`jf|d gf}u`~i fgedgff~ cmcbch |cbch |c}v q~`jf|d tcge lvivq mdkdgc}d ic~fgc |cbch |c}v q~`jf|d D] mfgecg qcgehc|dbcg tcge bvkctcg' Ofgocge ic~d~ q~`jf|d dgd lvivq ofbc| mcg vkvkgtc D] kcgcefkfg} mdocnc} `bfh `~cge+`~cge tcge nf~bc}c~ nfbcicge q~`jf|d dgd (nf~mc|c~icg qfgeckc}cg |ctc''$' Q~`jf|d`gcb md ndmcge dgd vkvkgtc kfkfecge |f~}djdic} LLGC" LLGQ c}cvqvg LLDF' Mfgecg kfkfecge |f~}djdic} dgd" |idbb kf~fic mcqc} mdcivd |flc~c dg}f~gc|d`gcb mcg bfndh kfkvmchicg mcbck kfkqf~`bfh qfif~occg md gfef~d |fnf~cge' Gf}u`~i fgedgff~ ndc|cgtc mdqfif~ocicg md Gf}u`~i Fgedgff~ Fgedgff~ + \f}dge ^`v}f~ q~`zdmf~+q~`zdmf~ oc~dgecg c}cv qf~v|chccg kvb}d gc|d`gcb mcg c}cv tcge nf~|icbc fg}f~q~d|f' Qf~v|chccg+qf~v|chccg }f~|fnv} kfknv}vhicg dg}f~i`gfi|d mc}c cg}c~ lcncge md i`}c+i`}c tcge ocvh c}cv gfec~c bcdg' Vg}vi d}v mdqf~bvicg dg}f~i`gfi|d oc~dgecg kfbcbvd UCG (Udmf C~fc Gf}u`~i$ mcg i`gjdev~c|d BCG tcge |f|vcd md icg}`~ qv|c} mcg icg}`~ lcncge'

]VEC\?

3' Kfgmf|cdg mcg kfkncgevg dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg ncdi BCG kcvqvg UCG >' Kfknf~dicg |`bv|d }f~ncdi mcbck hcb dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg ncdi mcbck hcb qf~cbc}cg tcge mdevgcicg" fjd|dfg|d" ~fbdcndbd}t" |flv~d}t mcg c|qfi+c|qfi bcdg tcge }f~icd} <' Kfkc|}dicg |vc}v dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg l`kqv}f~ mcqc} nf~jvge|d mfgecg ncdi' IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd i`g|fq mc|c~ kfgefgcd oc~dgecg |fqf~}d }`q`b`ed" q~`}`i`b+q~`}`i`b i`kvgdic|d" |}cgmc~+|}cgmc~ gf}u`~idge" kfmdc i`kvgdic|d mc}c mcg ifckcgcg  oc~dgecg ncdi BCG kcvqvg UCG >' Kfgevc|cd Kfgevc|cd i`g|fq mcg mf|cdg dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg mcg }~`vnbf|h``}dge+gtc <' Kfgevc|cd mf|cdg" dg|}cbc|d mcg }f~kdgc|d kfmdc oc~dgecg |fqf~}d icnfb }fkncec/V]Q" jdnf~ `q}dl" Ud~fbf|| l`kkvgdlc}d`g mbb =' Kfgevc|cd |f}}dge" qfkcgjcc}cg mcg }~`vnbf|h``}dge qf~cgeic} oc~dgecg |fqf~}d ~`v}f~" |ud}lh" jd~fucbb" q~`xt" k`mfk mbb

6' Kfkchckd dg|}cbc|d mcg |f}}dge QL mcg |f~zf~ tcge nd|c mdevgcicg mcbck dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg |fqf~}d m`kcdg l`g}~`bbf~" q~`xt" jdb~fucbb" kcdb|f~zf~ mbb :' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c }figd| mcg q~ci}d| kfgefgcd ifckcgcg oc~dgecg / |d|}fk BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

]figdi i`kqv}f~" ]figdi fbfi}~` (qfkv|c}cg (qfkv|c}cg |}vmd i`kqv}f~ i`kqv}f~ c}cv }fbfi`kvgdic|d$ }fbfi`kvgdic|d$

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\t|}fk Fgedgff~ md ^vcge \f~zf~

Q~`jf|d \t|}fk Fgedgff~ / \t|}fk Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ (ndc|c md|dgeic} \t| Cmkdg$ cmcbch q~`jf|d tcge kd~dq mfgecg gf}u`~i fgedgff~ }f}cqd md}vg}v} kfkdbdid qfgef}chvcg bfndh mf}cdb mcbck hcb mf|cdg mcg cmkdgd|}~c|d |f~zf~+|f~zf~ tcge cmc md |vc}v oc~dgecg dg}f~gcb' \f|f`~cge mfgecg q`|d|d dgd cicg md|f~chd }cgeevge ocucn vg}vi kfkc|}dicg |t|}fk (hc~muc~f" |`j}uc~f mcg oc~dgecg i`kqv}f~$ md |vc}v qf~v|chccg nf~ocbcg mf|vcd hc~cqcg mcg kfkfecge ivgld qc|u`~m v}ckc oc~dgecg dg}f~gcb qf~v|chccg (Cmkdgd|}~c}`~$' \f~djdic|d vg}vi q~`jf|d dgd l`g}`hgtc cmcbch KL\F vg}vi qbc}j`~k Kdl~`|`j} Udgm`u|' Udgm`u|'

]VEC\?

3' Kfgmf|cdg mcg kfkncgevg |d|}fk mcg oc~dgecg i`kqv}f~ }f~v}ckc mcbck hcb }fig`b`ed |f~zf~ mcg i`gfi}djd}c|gtc ncdi BCG kcvqvg UCG >' Kfknf~dicg |`bv|d }f~ncdi mcbck hcb qfkdbdhcg mcg }fig`b`ed |f~zf~ mcg |`j}uc~f tcge mdevgcicg mcbck hcb fjd|dfg|d" ~fbdcndbd}t" |flv~d}t mcg c|qfi+c|qfi bcdg tcge }f~icd} <' Kfkc|}dicg/kfkcdg}cdg |vc}v oc~dgecg dg}f~gcb (ncdi BCG kcvqvg UCG$ mcqc} nf~jvge|d mfgecg ncdi' IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfkchckd i`g|fq mcg mf|cdg dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg mcg }~`vnbf|h``}dge+ }~`vnbf|h``}dge+gtc gtc >' Kckchckd |f}}dge mcg dg|}cbc|d }fg}cge qf~cgeic} ci}dj oc~dgecg |fqf~}d ~`v}f~" |ud}lh" hvn" jd~fucbb mbb'

<' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck |cbch |c}v c}cv nfnf~cqc qbc}j`~k / gf}u`~i `qf~c}dge |t|}fk vg}vi kfkncgevg |vc}v m`kcdg tcge ckcg mcg }f~dg}fe~c|d" l`g}`hgtc |fqf~}d ‒Cl}dzf Md~fl}`~t‛ vg}vi qbc}j`~k udgm`u|' =' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck }fg}cge dg|}cbc|d" |f}}dge mcg }~`vnbf|h``}dge QL mcg |f~zf~ tcge nd|c mdevgcicg mcbck dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg |fqf~}d m`kcdg l`g}~`bbf~" q~`xt" jdb~fucbb" kcdb|f~zf~" MG\ mbb 6' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c }figd| mcg q~ci}d| kfgefgcd ifckcgcg oc~dgecg / |t|}fk BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

]figdi i`kqv}f~" ]figdi fbfi}~` (qfkv|c}cg (qfkv|c}cg |}vmd i`kqv}f~ i`kqv}f~ c}cv }fbfi`kvgdic|d$ }fbfi`kvgdic|d$ >'=' D] \QFLDCBD\]

Q~`jf|d D] |qfldcbd|} c}cv D] fgedgff~ kvgeidg kf~vqcicg q~`jf|d tcge ceci oc~cge }f~mfgec~' ]f}cqd }cgqc md|cmc~d" nfnf~cqc q~`jf||d`gcb tcge kf~c|c nfif~oc |fncecd |t|}fk |vqq`~}" gf}u`~i fgedgff~ c}cvqvg |t|}fk cmkdgd|}~c}`~ mcqc} mde`b`geicg |fncecd D] |qfldcbd|}' D] \qfldcbd|} vkvkgtc mdqfif~ocicg md qf~v|chccg+qf~v|chccg tcge l`~f nd|gd|gtc nvicg D]' ]vec| v}ckcgtc cmcbch kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg |`bv|d D] }f~ncdi vg}vi kfgdgeic}icg fjd|dfg|d mcg qf~j`~kc nd|gd| qf~v|chccg ncdi mcbck hcb hc~muc~f" oc~dgecg kcvqvg |`j}uc~f' Icbcv cgmc kf~c|c qfif~occg dgd kd~dq i`g|vb}cg D]" kckcge nfgc~" D] |qfldcbd|} nfif~oc |fncecd i`g|vb}cg D] }f}cqd bfndh lfgmf~vge ifc~ch hc~muc~f mcg oc~dgecg" ucbcvqvg qfgef}chvcg }fg}cge |`j}uc~f cqbdic|d |f~zf~ |fqf~}d `qf~c}dge |t|}fk" kcdb |f~zf~" q~`xt" cg}d zd~v| |f~zf~" |f~zf~" jd~fucbb" fg}f~q~d|f fg}f~q~d|f q`~}cb mbb |cgec} |cgec} mdqf~bvicg mcbck kfgmvivge kfgmvivge }vec|+ }vec|gtc' \f`~cge D] |qfldcbd|} hc~v| kfgevc|d ndmcge D] |flc~c bvc| ncdi gf}u`~idge kcvqvg |`j}uc~f hdgeec dkqbfkfg}c|dgtc tcge ‒kc|vi cicb‛' Tc" |`bv|d mcg dkqbfkfg}c|d hc~v| kc|vi cicb" ic~fgc qf~v|chccg tcge nfbvk qf~gch kfgf~cqicg D] |flc~c }f~dg}fe~c|d icmcgeicbc qf~bv kfgecmcicg nfnf~cqc qf~vnchcg mcbck kcgcofkfggtc' Vg}vi kfgev~cged qf~vnchcg mcg |d|}fk mcqc} nf~kcgjcc} |flc~c `q}dkcb" |f`~cge D] |qfldcbd|} hc~v| kfknf~dicg |`bv|d tcge nfgc~+nfgc~ mcqc} md}f~cqicg mcg cmc evgcgtc |f~}c mcqc} mdifkncgeicg bfndh bcgov} vg}vi kfgediv}d qf~ifkncgecg ckcg' ]VEC\?

3' Kfgmf|cdg mcg kfkncgevg |d|}fk i`kqv}f~d|c|d }f~v}ckc mcbck hcb dkqbfkfg}c|d |`j}uc~f" hc~muc~f mcg oc~dgecg' >' Kfknf~dicg |`bv|d }f~ncdi mcbck hcb qfkdbdhcg mcg dkqbfkfg}c|d }fig`b`ed ncdi  hc~muc~f kcvqvg |`j}uc~f' IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfkchckd i`g|fq mcg mf|cdg dgj~c|}~vi}v~ oc~dgecg mcg }~`vnbf|h``}dge+ }~`vnbf|h``}dge+gtc gtc

>' Kfgevc|cd gf}u`~i `qf~c}dge |t|}fk mcg cqbdic|d+cqbdic|d tcge mcqc} mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg mcbck mc bck `~ecgd|c|d ` ~ecgd|c|d'' <' Kfkdbdid qfgef}chvcg tcge bvc| kfgefgcd |`j}uc~f" hc~muc~f mcg oc~dgecg i`kqv}f~' =' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c }figd| mcg q~ci}d| kfgefgcd ifckcgcg oc~dgecg / |t|}fk BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

]figdi i`kqv}f~" ]figdi fbfi}~` (qfkv|c}cg |}vmd i`kqv}f~ c}cv }fbfi`kvgdic|d$" Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic Odic mdqf~hc}dicg nfgc~+nfgc~" nfgc~+nfgc~" cmc |vc}v ld~d tcge vkvk mcbck q~`jf|d ndmcge ‒L`kqv}f~  \t|}fk * Gf}u`~idge‛" tcd}v kfgefgcd |idbb mcbck qfkq~`e~ckcg' Kfkcge ifchbdcg kfkq~`e~ck dgd }dmci mdqf~bvicg |flc~c bcge|vge mcbck }vec|+}vec| ~v}dg |f`~cge gf}u`~i  fgedgff~ c}cv |t|cmkdg" }f}cqd cmc nfnf~cqc hcb tcge |djc}gtc kd~dq mfgecg qfkq~`e~ckcg |fqf~}d |f}}dge ~`v}f~" |f~zf~ / lbdfg} |l~dq}" nc}lh jdbf mcg i`gjdev~c|d bcdggtc' ]f}cqd ndbc |f`~cge \t|cmkdg kfkdbdid ifkckqvcg q~`e~ckkdge" }fg}vgtc dgd cicg kfgocmd gdbcd }cknch mcbck qfif~occggtc' Ncgtci `~cge+`~cge tcge mchvbvgtc nfif~oc md ndmcge gf}u`~idge kfkdbdid ifkckqvcg q~`e~ckkdge tcge lvivq kvkqvgd hdgeec kckqv kfgec~cge nviv }fg}cge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} mfgecg nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg }f~}fg}v'

NDMCGE \@J]UC^F MFZFB@QKFG] MCG L@G\VB]DGE Qfgmchvbvcg

\`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} cmcbch ndmcge tcge qcbdge cn|}~ci md mvgdc D]' @v}qv} tcge mdhc|dbicg hcgtc mcqc} md~c|cicg `bfh v|f~ nf~vqc dgj`~kc|d tcge mcqc} kfge`q}dkcbicg nf~ncecd kclck qfif~occg' \f~zf~ c}cv hc~muc~f i`kqv}f~ |fnf|c~ cqcqvg ndbc }dmci kfkdbdid |`j}uc~f mdmcbckgtc kcic ncecdicg |f`gee`i qcocgecg tcge fg}ch l`l`i c}cv }dmci vg}vi md qcocge''?$ Kcgjcc} qfgeevgccg |`j}uc~f i`kqv}f~ kfkcge nf~ceck nced nf~ncecd icbcgecg' Cmc tcge kfgecgeecqgtc hcgtc |fncecd qfbfgeicq efge|d |ckqcd cmc tcge cicg kfgecbckd if~vedcg nf|c~ ndbc |`j}uc~f cqbdic|dgtc }dmci nf~jvge|d mfgecg ncdi' Ic~fgc d}v" qfgehc~eccg ifqcmc `~cge+`~cge tcge nfif~oc md ndmcge dgd nd|c nf~nfmc+nfmc md nf~ncecd qf~v|chccg' Cqcqvg ofgd| |`j}uc~f tcge mdncgevg" qc~c qfif~oc md ndmcge dgd md}vg}v} kfkdbdid b`edic mcg dgec}cg tcge ivc}' Ifkckqvcg vg}vi  kfbdhc} |vc}v hcb |flc~c ec~d| nf|c~" kfgtfbv~vh mcg ovec |flc~c mf}cdb hdgeec |fifdb+ifldbgtc' \fbcdg d}v tcge qcbdge qfg}dge vg}vi |vi|f| md ndmcge dgd cmcbch if}fivgcg vg}vi nfbcoc~ mcg }f~v| kfgefkncgeicg ifkckqvcggtc" ic~fgc ndmcge dgd |flc~c }f}cq cicg }f~v| nf~vnch (l`g|}cg}bt lhcgedge$ mcg nf~ifkncge |fd~dge mfgecg qf~vnchcg ckcg' Mcbck uci}v 6 }chvg" ifchbdcg md |cbch |c}v }fig`b`ed }f~}fg}v mcqc} mdcgeecq if}dgeecbcg ckcg (`n|`bf}f$' L`g}`hgtc ZN: tcge |cgec} q`qvbf~ md }chvg 3448 |vqq`~}+gtc |vmch mdhfg}dicg md }chvg >118' Nf~c~}d cqbdic|d tcge md}vbd| kfgeevgcicg }fig`b`ed dgd }dmci  mdockdg i`kqc}dndbd}c|gtc mfgecg |d|}fk `qf~c|d tcge md+~fbfc|f |f}fbch }chvg >118' Kcv }dmci kcv |fncedcg nf|c~ q~`e~ckkf~ ZN: hc~v| kde~c|d if ZN'Gf} mcg ‒qc}vh‛ mfgecg c}v~cg+c}v~cg 'Gf} J~ckfu`~i  Ifkncbd if qfknchc|cg cucb" nf~div} dgd cicg mdnchc| |c}v+qf~|c}v q~`jf|d+q~`jf|d md ndmcge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} / l`g|vb}dge' l`g|vb}dge' 3' Q^@E^CKKF^/MFZFB@QF^

Q~`jf|d q~`e~ckkf~/mfzfb`qf~ cmcbch q~`jf|d tcge qcbdge |f~dge }f~mfgec~" ic~fgc q~`jf|d dgd |vmch cmc |foci mdldq}cicggtc i`kqv}f~ d}v |fgmd~d' Q~`jf|d`gcb mcbck ndmcge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} mcg l`g|vb}dge vkvkgtc qf~gch kfgd}d ic~d~ |fncecd |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~' Ifchbdcg mcbck cbe`~d}kc mcg qfgevc|ccg }f~hcmcq |cbch |c}v c}cv nfnf~cqc nchc|c kfkq~`e~ckcg kv}bci mdqf~bvicg `bfh |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~' Q~`e~ckf~ cmcbch q~`jf|d dg}d mcg }vbcge qvgeevge mcbck |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} ic~fgc }dmci cicg }f~uvovm |fnvch

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Hc~muc~f q~`e~ckkf~ |fnfgc~gtc cmcbch ncedcg mc~d hc~muc~f fgedgff~' \f|vcd gckcgtc" kf~fic kfbcivicg q~`e~ckkdge |flc~c b`u bfzfb }f~hcmcq hc~muc~f" kd|cbgtc kdi~`i`g}~`bf~" fknfmfm |d|}fk" QBL c}cv mfzdlf bcdggtc' Qcmc cucb mdldq}cicggtc i`kqv}f~" q~`e~ckkf~ ofgd| dgd bfndh m`kdgcg ic~fgc lc~c kfkq~`e~ck i`kqv}f~ uci}v d}v kd~dq mfgecg lc~c kfkq~`e~ck kdi~`i`g}~`bbf~ |cc} dgd' Nchc|c tcge mdevgcicg mvbvgtc cmcbch nchc|c kf|dg }f}cqd |cc} dgd lfgmf~vge mdevgcicg nchc|c c||fknbt mcg L' 3'>' \T\]FK Q^@E^CKKF^

Mcbck qfif~occggtc" |t|}fk q~`e~ckkf~ kfgeevgcicg b`u bfzfb mcg kfmdvk bfzfb bcgevcef' Ndc|cgtc kf~fic mdqfif~ocicg mcbck qfgefkncgecg |d|}fk `qf~c|d mcg k`mvb+ k`mvb qfgmvivgegtc' Qc~c qfgefkncgecg m~dzf~ vg}vi qf~djf~cb mcg q~`e~ckkdge mcbck \DK/VDK lc~m ovec mde`b`geicg if q~`e~ckkf~ ofgd| dgd' Qf~nfmccg |t|}fk q~`e~ckkf~ mfgecg hc~muc~f q~`e~ckkf~ cmcbch? \t|}fk q~`e~ckkf~ nfif~oc qcmc }chcq qfgefkncgecg |vc}v qbc}j`~k / |d|}fk `qf~c|d c}cv tcge }f~icd} f~c} mfgecggtc vg}vi  mdocmdicg |fncecd bcgmc|cg (qbc}j`~k$ nced qfgefkncgecg |fbcgov}gtc" |fmcgeicg hc~muc~f q~`e~ckkf~ nfif~oc qcmc }chcq dkqbfkfg}c|d |vc}v q~`mvi cec~ |f|vcd mfgecg ~fsvd~fkfg} fgm v|f~' Q~`e~ckkf~ ofgd| dgd ndc|c kfgeevgcicg nchc|c C||fknbt" L/L)) mcg ifkvgeidgcg L, mdifkvmdcg hc~d ndbc |d|}fk `qf~c|d tcge kfgeevgcicg kcgcefm l`mf ('Gf}$ nfgc~+nfgc~ nfgc~+nfgc~ mdbvglv~icg' mdbvglv~icg' 3'<' CQQBDLC]D@G Q^@E^CKKF^

Nced tcge |f~dge kfgmfgec~ q~`jf|d ‒Cqqbdlc}d`g Mfzfb`qf~‛" ‒\`j}uc~f Mfzfb`qf~‛" ‒Ufn Mfzfb`qf~‛" Mfzfb`qf~‛" ‒Fg}f~q~d|f Mfzfb`qf~‛ c}cv ‒Mfzfb`qf~‛ |coc" q~`jf|d+q~`jf|d q~`jf|d +q~`jf|d }f~|fnv} } f~e`b`ge f~e`b`ge |fncecd Cqqbdlc}d`g q~`e~ckkf~' Q~`e~ckkf~ ofgd| dgdbch tcge qcbdge ncgtci mcg q`qvbf~ md mvgdc if~oc }f~v}ckc md Dgm`gf|dc' Hcb dgd md|fncnicg ic~fgc cqbdic|d cmcbch ofgd| |`j}uc~f tcge qcbdge ncgtci md evgcicg' Kvgeidg cgmc qf~gch nf~qdid~" cqc qf~nfmccg d|}dbch ‒cqqbdlc}d`g‛ mfgecg ‒|`j}uc~f‛' \dgeic}gtc" mcbck mvgdc D]" tcge md|fnv} cqqbdlc}d`g |vmch qc|}d cmcbch |fnvch |`j}uc~f" |fmcgeicg |`j}uc~f nfbvk }fg}v |fnvch cqqbdlc}d`g' \`j}uc~f tcge nvicg }f~kc|vi cqbdic|d l`g}`hgtc cmcbch `qf~c}dge |t|}fk" mfzdlf m~dzf~" q~`}`l`b mbb' \fmcgeicg tcge mdifgcb |fncecd cqbdic|d cmcbch |`j}uc~f |fqf~}d `jjdlf |vd}f" dkcef fmd}`~" eckf|" |d|}fk dgj`~kc|d ~f}cdb/|ucbctcg" |d|}fk dgj`~kc|d qfgmdmdicg" |d|}fk dgj`~kc|d h`}fb/~f}cv~cg}" |d|}fk dgj`~kc|d kcgcofkcg evmcge" |d|}fk dgj`~kc|d b`ed|}di" F^Q (Fg}f~q~d|f ^f|`v~lf Qbcggdge$" \LK (\vqbt Lhcdg Kcgcefkcg}$" L^K (Lv|}`kf~ ^fbc}d`g|hdq Kcgcefkcg}$ " |d|}fk ncgi" |d|}fk cd~bdgf mcg kc|dh ncgtci bcdggtc'

Mcbck qfif~occggtc" cqqbdlc}d`g q~`e~ckkf~ kfgeevgcicg hdeh bfzfb bcgevcef |fqf~}d Oczc" L," Zd|vcb Nc|dl (ZN$" ZN'Gf}" Mfbqhd" QHQ mbb' Mfgecg kfgeevgcicg hdeh bfzfb bcgevcef" q~`|f| qfgefkncgecg cicg bfndh kvmch mcg bfndh lfqc}' Hcb dgd |f|vcd mfgecg }vg}v}cg ifnv}vhcg lv|}`kf~ tcge }f~v| nf~ifkncge mfgecg lfqc}' Mcbck hcb lcivqcg ifchbdcg tcge mdnv}vhicg" |flc~c ic|c~ ofgd| cqbdic|d mcqc} mdnced kfgocmd? 

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  Mf|i}`q Cqqbdlc}d`g (cqbdic|d tcge nf~uvovm Udgm`u| J`~k" UQJ" XUdgm`u| c}cv  ofgd| EVD bcdggtc tcge nf~ocbcg md @/\ kc|dge+kc|dge$ Ufn Cqqbdlc}d`g (cqbdic|d tcge v|f~ dg}f~jclf+gtc nf~uvovm H]KB mcg mdci|f| mfgecg ufn n~`u|f~" ndc|c mdifkncgeicg mfgecg j~ckfu`~i QHQ" C\Q'Gf}" Oczc" \q~dge" ^vnt `g ^cdb| mbb $   Mc}cnc|f Cqqbdlc}d`g (cqbdic|d tcge kfkf~bvicg ci|f| if mc}cnc|f kfgeevgcicg }fig`b`ed |fqf~}d CM@'Gf}" @BFMN" @MNL" OMNL" @^K" Hdnf~gc}f mbb$   Md|}~dnv}fm Cqqbdlc}d`g (cqbdic|d }f~md|}~dnv|d/|f~zf~ |f~zdlf |fqf~}d Ufn \f~zdlf" O>FF" ULJ" L@K) mbb$

Ucbcvqvg mde`b`geicg mcbck if fkqc} kclck ifchbdcg }f~|fnv}" |f~dgeicbd |f`~cge cqqbdlc}d`g q~`e~ckkf~ hc~v| kfkdbdid ifchbdcg md nfnf~cqc ofgd| cqbdic|d vg}vi mcqc} kfgehc|dbicg cqbdic|d tcge nf~evgc' L`g}`hgtc? Ufn q~`e~ckkf~ hc~v| kfkdbdid ifkckqvcg mcbck ufn cqqbdlc}d`g mcg mc}cnc|f cqqbdlc}d`g vg}vi mcqc} kfgefkncgeicg cqbdic|d ufn tcge kfkf~bvicg mc}cnc|f |fncecd qfgtdkqcgcg mc}c' ]dmci |fmdid} qvbc q~`e~ckkf~ tcge kfkdbdid ifchbdcg md |fbv~vh ofgd| cqbdic|d |fhdgeec |f~dge md|fnv} md|fnv} fg}f~q~d|f cqqbdlc}d`g mfzfb`qf~' ]VEC\?

3' Kfkncgevg/kfgefkncgeicg |`j}uc~f }f~v}ckc qcmc }chcq l`g|}~vl}d`g mfgecg kfbcivicg l`mdge mfgecg nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg tcge md}fg}vicg >' Kfgedkqbfkfg}c|dicg ~fsvd~fkcg} mcg mf|cdg q~`|f| nd|gd| if i`kqv}f~ mfgecg kfgeevgcicg kfgeevgcicg cbe`~d}kc /b`edic / b`edic mcg nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg <' Kfbcivicg }f|}dge }f~hcmcq |`j}uc~f ndbc mdqf~bvicg m dqf~bvicg IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd Cbe`~d}kc mcg b`edic qfkq~`e~ckcg (dgd qfg}dge |ficbd$ >' Kfkchckd kf}`mf" nf|} q~cl}dlf mcg }``b/qfk`mfbcg qfkq~`e~ckcg |fqf~}d @@Q" mf|deg qc}}f~g" VKB (ifkckqvcg kfknclc mcg kfgf~cqicg$ <' Kfgevc|cd |cbch |c}v c}cv nfnf~cqc nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg q`qvbf~ |fqf~}d L))" ZN" QHQ" L," Oczc" ^vnt mbb (vg}vi ufn mfzfb`qf~ qf~bv ovec kfgevc|cd H]KB" MH]KB" L\\" Oczc\l~dq} mcg COCX$ =' Kfkchckd ^MNK\ mcg \SB (\}~vl}v~fm Svf~t Bcgevcef$ 6' Kfgevc|cd nchc|c Dgee~d| (hcb dgd |cgec} qfg}dge |cc} dgd ic~fgc nchc|c fg+V\ kf~vqcicg nchc|c dnv md mvgdc D]$

BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Dbkv I`kqv}f~" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic" Kc}fkc}dic qfkv|c}cg |}vmd I`kqv}c|d >' \T\]FK CGCBT\]

\fd~dge mfgecg nf~ocbcggtc uci}v mcg qf~ifkncgecg ckcg" ifnv}vhcg cqbdic|d i`kqv}f~ |fkcidg i`kqbfi|' Cmc icbcgtc q~`|f| nd|gd| mcg qf~kc|cbchcg mcbck |vc}v `~ecgd|c|d lvivq i`kqbfi| vg}vi mdocnc~icg |flc~c bcge|vge if |fnvch |`j}uc~f cqbdic|d' Ndc|cgtc qc~c kcgcof~/md~fi|d qf~v|chccg kfkchckd |flc~c mf}cdb kfgefgcd q~`|f| nd|gd| md qf~v|chccggtc" kd|cbgtc mc~d |foci q~`lv~fkfg}" qv~lhc|dge" kcgvjcl}v~dge" uc~fh`v|dge" kc~if}dge" cll`vg}dge mbb" }f}cqd kf~fic ndc|cgtc iv~cge kfkchckd kfgefgcd ncecdkcgc dkqbfkfg}c|dgtc |flc~c }figd| mcbck |`j}uc~f cqbdic|d' Ifkvmdcg |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~ ndc|cgtc }f~bcbv nf~iv}c} mfgecg l`mdge" cbe`~d}kc mcg hcb+hcb tcge }flhgdlcb |fhdgeec icmcge kfgecbckd if|vbd}cg mcbck kfkchckd q~`|f| nd|gd| kfgtfbv~vh tcge vkvkgtc }f~ocmd md `~ecgd|c|d/qf ` ~ecgd|c|d/qf~v|chccg ~v|chccg }f~}fg}v' Vg}vi kfgofknc}cgd lfbch dgd" kcic mdqf~bvicg |f`~cge ‒\t|}fk Cgcbt|}‛' \f`~cge |t|}fk cgcbt|} md |c}v |d|d mdhc~v|icg kfkdbdid ifchbdcg mcbck kfgecgcbd|d| q~`|f| nd|gd| (q~`nbfk m`kcdg$ vg}vi mcqc} kfgehc|dbicg |fnvch \^\ (|`j}uc~f ^fsvd~fkcg} \qf|djdlc}d`g$ mcg md |d|d bcdg kfgevc|cd c|qfi }flhgdlcb mcg dkqbfkfg}c|dgtc mcbck |`j}uc~f cqbdic|d (|`bv}d`g m`kcdg$ vg}vi mcqc} kfgehc|dbicg MMM (Mf}cdbfm Mf|deg M`lvkfg}$' \f`~cge |t|}fk cgcbt|} ndc|cgtc nf~cgeic} mc~d |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~ tcge |vmch kchd~ mcg nf~qfgecbckcg mcbck |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}' Ifkckqvcggtc mcbck kfgcgeicq ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg q~`|f| nd|gd|" if}cockcg cgcbd|d| kfgefgcd lfbch+lfbch mcbck |d|}fk |f~}c ifkckqvcg kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg |`bv|d }f~ncdi |flc~c }flhgdlcb |cgec} mdqf~bvicg mcbck kfgefkncgeicg |`j}uc~f tcge nf~ivcbd}c| mcg mcqc} nf~kcgjcc} vg}vi kfgdgeic}icg idgf~oc q~`|f| nd|gd| |vc}v `~ecgd|c|d' \t|}fk cgcbt|} nfif~oc qcmc }chcq ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg mf|deg" ucbcvqvg icmcgeicbc ovec mdqf~bvicg vg}vi kfgtfnf~cge mc~d }chcq ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg mf|deg if }chcq l`g|}~vl}d`g/dkqbfkfg}cd`g (l`mdge/q~`e~ckkdge$' ]fg}vgtc dgd ucoc~ ic~fgc ndc|cgtc |f`~cge |t|}fk cgcbt|} mchvbvgtc ovec |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~' ]f}cqd |f`~cge tcge nfgc~+ nfgc~ mdq`|d|dicg |fncecd |t|}fk cgcbt|}" }vec| v}ckcgtc cmcbch kfknvc} ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg mf|cdg |`j}uc~f' lc}c}cg? Vg}vi kfgef}chvd bfndh mf}cdb kfgefgcd }chcq qfgefkncgecg |`j}uc~f (\MBL$ cicg |ctc  ofbc|icg md c~}difb bcdggtc'

Id}c |f~dge kfgmfgec~ d|}dbch Q~`e~ckkf~ Cgcbt|} c}cv Cgcbt|} Q~`e~ckkf~' Ifmvc q~`jf|d dgd }f~mfgec~ kd~dq" hcgtc |coc m`kdgc|d qfif~occggtc tcge bfndh md}ficgicg vg}vi  mdbf}ciicg md mfqcg d|}dbch }f~|fnv}' Q~`e~ckkf~ Cgcbt|} cmcbch |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~ tcge icmcge icbc nfif~oc |fncecd |t|}fk cgcbt|} }f}cqd mfgecg q`~|d tcge bfndh |fmdid} mc~dqcmc |fncecd q~`e~ckkf~' Nfed}v qvbc |fncbdigtc vg}vi Cgcbt|} Q~`e~ckkf~' \ctc }dmci nd|c kfkc|}dicg cqcich qfgeevgccg d|}dbch d}v nfgc~ |flc~c nchc|c }f}cqd q~`jf|d/q`|d|d |fkclck d}v kfkcge cmc md mvgdc if~oc mcg mdlcg}vkicg mcbck dibcg b`u`gecg qfif~occg'

]VEC\?

3' Kfkncgevg/kfgefkncgeicg |`j}uc~f }f~v}ckc qcmc }chcq ~fsvd~fkfg}" mf|deg mcg |fncedcg mcbck }chcq } chcq l`g|}~vl}d`g/dkqbfkfg}c}d`g >' Kfknvc} m`ivkfg ~fsvd~fkcg} mcg mf|cdg |`j}uc~f nf~mc|c~icg q~`|f| nd|gd| lv|}`kf~/lbdfg} <' Kfknvc} q~`q`|cb mcg kfkq~f|fg}c|dicggtc md hcmcqcg |}cif h`bmf~ / lv|}`kf~ /  lbdfg} =' Kfknvc} mf|cdg mc}cnc|f ndbc cqbdic|d tcge cicg md ncgevg kfkf~bvicg mc}cnc|f 6' Kfkncgevg/kfgefkncgeicg j~ckfu`~i/bdn~c~t vg}vi mdevgcicg mcbck qfgefkncgecg |`j}uc~f `bfh q~`e~ckkf~ IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd hcb+hcb tcge mdivc|cd q~`e~ckkf~ >' Kfgevc|cd kf}`mf" nf|} q~cl}dlf qfkq~`e~ckcg mcg }``b/qfk`mfbcg qfkq~`e~ckcg |fqf~}d @@Q" mf|deg qc}}f~g" VKB (ifkckqvcg kfkncgevg/kfgmf|cdg$ <' Kfgevc|cd \SB"F^M mcg ^MNK\ |flc~c bfndh kfgmcbck =' Kfkchckd }fg}cge c~|d}fi}v~ cqbdic|d mcg }fig`b`ed }f~idgd BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Dbkv I`kqv}f~" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic" Kc}fkc}dic qfkv|c}cg |}vmd I`kqv}c|d

<' \@J]UC^F SVCBD]T C\\V^CGLF FGEDGFF^ \`j}uc~f Svcbd}t C||v~cglf (\SC$ fgedgff~ kvgeidg ceci oc~cge }f~mfgec~ md mvgdc if~oc' Hcb dgd kvgeidg ic~fgc md Dgm`gf|dc nfbvk ncgtci b`u`gecg if~oc tcge kfglcg}vkicg   q`|d|d dgd' Ndbc cgmc qf~gch kfgmfgec~ q`|d|d ‒\`j}uc~f ]f|}f~‛" kcic d}v }f~kc|vi mcbck q~`jf|d dgd' \cbch |c}v }vec| \SC fgedgff~ kfkcge kfbcivicg }f|}dge }f~hcmcq |`j}uc~f" }f}cqd nvicg d}v |coc |fnfgc~gtc qfif~occg q~`jf|d dgd' Mcbck qf~v|chccg |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} tcge lvivq kcqcg mcg }fbch kfgcgecgd ncgtci  q~`tfi nf|c~" \SC fgedgff~ |cgec} mdqf~bvicg }f~v}ckc vg}vi kfgehc|dbicg |`j}uc~f tcge nf~ivcbd}c|' nf~ivcbd}c|' ]vec| \SC fgedgff~ mdcg}c~cgtc cmcbch kfbcivicg ‒svcbd}t c||v~cglf‛ (SC$ mcg ‒svcbd}t lhfli‛ (SL$ }f~hcmcq |`j}uc~f' Qfgefkncgecg |`j}uc~f hc~v| |f|vcd mfgecg q~`|fmv~ |}cgmc~ tcge }fbch md}f}cqicg (SC$ mcg hc~v| kfbcbvd q~`|f| }f|}dge (SL$ tcge |f|vcd' Md |dgdbch }vec| \SC fgedgff~ vg}vi kfk`gd}`~ q~`|f| |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} mcg kfkqf~ncdid |}cgmc~ tcge cmc (dkq~`zf$ ndbc kc|d kfkdbdid ifbfkchcg' Mcbck |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}" }f~mcqc} nfnf~cqc ~f|di` tcge md}cgeevge `bfh qc~c |}cif h`bmf~|' \fqf~}d }f~ocmdgtc nve/mfjfl}" uci}v qfgefkncgecg tcge |fkcidg qcgocge" ~f|`v~lf tcge |fkcidg nf~}cknch c}cvqvg ifgmcbc+ifgmcbc bcdg tcge }dmci mdqf~id~cicg |fnfbvkgtc' ]vec| \SC fgedgff~ tcge qf~|djc} q~fzfg}dj cmcbch mfgecg kfkdgdkcbd|d~ ~f|di`+~ f|di` f|di` dgd' Vg}vi kfgdbcd ifkcqcgcg |fnvch qf~v|chccg" }f~v}ckc tcge nf~ef~ci mcbck ndmcge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}" }f~mcqc} nfnf~cqc |}cgmc~ |fqf~}d LKKD Lcqcndbd}t Kc}v~d}t K`mfb

Dg}fe~c}d`g' \dgeic}gtc" kcidg }dgeed bfzfb LKKD |fnvch qf~v|chccg" ~f|di` q~`ofl} tcge md}cgecgdgtc cicg |fkcidg ifldb' Mfgecg nfed}v qf~v|chccg mfgecg bfzfb LKKD tcge }dgeed mdcgeecq |vmch kcqcg mcg mdqf~lctc vg}vi kfgef~ocicg q~`tfi+q~`tfi nf|c~' \cbch |c}v }vec| \SC fgedgff~ cmcbch kfgev|chcicg cec~ qf~v|chccggtc bvbv| |f~}djdic|d LKKD md bfzfb }f~}fg}v' ]VEC\?

3' Kfk`gd}`~ ocbcggtc q~`tfi |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} cqcich |vmch |f|vcd mfgecg |}cgmc~ mcg q~`|fmv~ tcge cmc >' Kf~cglcge mcg kfknvc} }f|} lc|f / |ifgc~d` |`j}uc~f }f|}dge <' Kfbcivicg }f|}dge |f|vcd mfgecg }f|} lc|f / |ifgc~d` =' Kf~vkv|icg mcg kf~cglcge qfgdgeic}icg fjd|dfg|d mcg fjfi}djd}c| |}cgmc~ q~`|f| tcge mdevgcicg IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd hcb+hcb tcge nf~hvnvgecg mfgecg |`j}uc~f }f|}dge (}f|} qbcg" }f|} lc|f" }f|}dge cv}`kc}d`g" jvgl}d`gcbd}t }f|}dge" ~fe~f||d`g }f|}dge m bb$ >' Kfkchckd }fg}cge qf~dg|dq if~oc |`j}uc~f |` j}uc~f |f|vcd mfgecg qbc}j`~kgtc kc|dge+kc|dge <' Kfkchckd }fg}cge \MBL mcg kf}`m`b`ed |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} |fqf~}d ^VQ" Cedbf" XQ" \l~vk mbb =' Kfkchckd |}cgmc~d|c|d |fqf~}d LKKD 6' Kfgevc|cd qfgvbd|cg m`ivkfg mcg i`kvgdic|d zf~ncb mfgecg ncdi (mcbck nchc|c Dgee~d| mcg Dgm`gf|dc$ BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Dbkv I`kqv}f~" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Dgj`~kc} dic" Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic

=' \@J]UC^F FGEDGFF^ Q~`jf|d |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ |fnfgc~gtc cmc ifkd~dqcggtc mfgecg q~`jf|d q~`e~ckkf~" |t|}fk cgcbt|} c}cvqvg \SC fgedgff~' Tcge kfknfmcicggtc cmcbch |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ kfkf~bvicg ifchbdcg bfndh kfgmcbck mcbck hcb \MBL (\`j}uc~f Mfzfb`qkfg} Bdjf Ltlbf$ tcd}v |fbv~vh q~`|f| tcge hc~v| mdocbcgd mcbck qfgefkncgecg |`j}uc~f' Qcmc bfzfb }f~}fg}v" |f`~cge |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ ovec hc~v| kfgevc|cd kcgcofkcg q~`tfi |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}' \cbch |c}v |}cgmc~ \MBL tcge vkvk mdevgcicg mcbck |`j}uc~f fgedgff~dge

cmcbch \UFN@I (\`j}uc~f Fgedgff~dge N`mt `j Ig`ubfmef$' I`kqbfi|d}c| mcbck |`j}uc~f mfzfb`kqkfg} mc~d }chvg+if}chvg |fkcidg i`kqbfi| mcg ocvh bfndh i`kqbfi| mdncgmdgeicg qcmc |cc} cucb i`kqv}f~ mdldq}cicg' Vg}vi d}vbch qc~c chbd mcbck ndmcge |`j}uc~f fgedgff~dge kfgtv|vg nf~ncecd kf}`m`b`ed vg}vi kfge`q}dkcbicg |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} q~`lf|| cec~ mcqc} kfgehc|dbicg q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge |f|vcd mfgecg }vg}v}cg qf~ifkncgecg ckcg' Ifchbdcg vgdi |f`~cge |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ cmcbch ifkckqvcggtc vg}vi kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg mcg kfgf~cqicg kf}`m`b`ed |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} }f~ncdi mcbck |fnvch q~`tfi' Kf}`mf+kf}`mf |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} q`qvbf~ |fqf~}d ^VQ" Cedbf" \l~vk" XQ" ]MM" NMM kfkdbdid ifvgeevbcg mcg ifbfkchcg mcg }fg}vgtc mdqf~bvicg ifchbdcg mcg qfgecbckcg mcbck kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg mcg kfgedkqbfkfg}c|dicg kf}`mf tcge qcbdge l`l`i mcbck |fnvch q~`tfi |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}' Ndbc q~`e~ckkf~ mcg |t|}fk cgcbt|} cmc tcge mdqfif~ocicg md qf~v|chccg+qf~v|chccg tcge l`~f nv|dgf||+gtc nvicg |`j}uc~f" |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ vkvkgtc mdqfif~ocicg md qf~v|chccg+ qf~v|chccg |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}' Ndbc |fnvch qf~v|chccg kfkf~bvicg ic~tcucg mfgecg q`|d|d |`j}uc~f fgedgff~" kcic ifkvgeidgcg nf|c~ qf~v|chccg }f~|fnv} kfkf~bvicg ic~tcucg tcge mcqc} md}fkqc}icg |flc~c jbfi|dnfb' Kd|cbgtc md |fnvch q~`tfi" ic~tcucg C mcqc} mdq`|d|dicg |fncecd q~`e~ckkf~ mcbck }chcq l`g|}~vl}d`g" |fmcgeicg mcbck q~`tfi  bcdggtc |d C mcqc} mdq`|d|dicg |fncecd |t|}fk cgcbt|} mcbck }chcq ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg mf|deg' Mcqc} qvbc |d C mdq`|d|dicg |fncecd |`j}uc~f }f|}f~" \SC fgedgff~ c}cvqvg md q`|d|d kcgc |coc mcbck \MBL' Ifkckqvcg vg}vi kfgevc|cd |fbv~vh md|dqbdg mcbck \MBL }dmci kfknvc} |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ |fbcbv bfndh vgeevb mc~dqcmc q~`e~ckkf~" |t|}fk cgcbt|} c}cv \SC fgedgff~' Qcmc }dgeic}cg tcge |ckc" kd|cbgtc qfgecbckcg if~oc 6 }chvg" |f`~cge |d|}fk cgcbt|} }fg}vgtc bfndh chbd mcbck kfgcgeicq ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg nd|gd| q~`|f| |f~}c kfknvc} q~`q`|cb' \f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~ }fg}vgtc bfndh kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg mcg DMF (Dg}fe~c}fm Mfzfb`qkfg} Fgzd~`gkfg}$ }``b| |f~}c }~di+}~di }f~}fg}v mcbck nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg' \f`~cge \SC fgedgff~ bfndh kfgevc|cd |`j}uc~f }f|}dge mcg svcbd}t c||v~cglf' Mdbvc~ hcb d}v" |fkvcgtc nf~ecg}vge qcmc q~dncmd kc|dge+kc|dge mcbck kfgefkncgeicg ifchbdcggtc md q~`jf|d cqcqvg' ]VEC\?

3' Kfbcivicg }vec|+}vec| q~`e~ckkf~" |t|}fk cgcbt|} mcg |fncedcg }vec| \SC fgedgff~ >' Kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg mcg kfgf~cqicg kf}`m`b`ed }f~ncdi mcbck |fnvch q~`tfi  |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} mfzfb`qkfg} IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd hcb+hcb tcge mdivc|cd q~`e~ckkf~" |t|}fk cgcbt|} mcg \SC fgedgff~ (mcbck q`~|d tcge bfndh |fmdid}$ >' Kfgevc|cd \MBL nf~mc|c~icg \UFN@I (~fsvd~fkfg}" mf|deg" dkqbfkfg}c}d`g/l`g|}~vl}d`g" dkqbfkfg}c}d`g/l`g|}~vl}d`g" }f|}dge" kcdg}fgcglf$ kcdg}fgcglf$ <' Kfgevc|cd kf}`m`b`ed |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} |fqf~}d ^VQ" Cedbf" XQ" \l~vk mbb BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Dbkv I`kqv}f~" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic" Kc}fkc}dic qfkv|c}cg |}vmd I`kqv}c|d

6' MC]CNC\F CMKDGD\]^C]@^ (MNC$ Q~`jf|d Mc}cnc|f Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ (MNC$ }f~icd} f~c} mfgecg q~`e~ckkf~ mcg |t|}fk cgcbt|}' \f`~cge MNC ndc|cgtc qf~gch kfgocmd |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~ }f}cqd qfif~occggtc bfndh |f~dge nf~icd}cg mfgecg mc}cnc|f' Qf~nfmccggtc mfgecg mc}cnc|f cqqbdlc}d`g q~`e~ckkf~ cmcbch |f`~cge MNC kfkdbdid ifchbdcg bfndh kfgmcbck mcbck hcb mf|cdg" `q}dkc|d mcg kcgcofkfg ^MNK\ (^fbc}d`gcb Mc}cnc|f Kcgcefkcg} \t|}fk$ }f~}fg}v |fqf~}d @~clbf" \SB \f~zf~" Kt\SB mbb' ]fg}vgtc qfgevc|ccg }f~hcmcq \SB (\}~vl}v~fm Svf~t Bcgevcef$ kv}bci  mdqf~bvicg' MNC hc~v| kfkdbdid ifchbdcg kfg}f~ofkchicg ~fsvd~fkfg} q~`|f| nd|gd| if `ntfi+`ntfi mcbck mc}cnc|f |fqf~}d }cnfb" svf~tRzdfu mcg |}`~fm q~`lfmv~f md|ckqdge ifchbdcggtc mcbck `q}dkc|d mc}cnc|f |fqf~}d }vgdge" dgmfxdge" lbv|}f~dge" nclivq mc}c" kcdg}cdg hdeh czcdbcndbd}t mcg |fncecdgtc' |fncecdgtc' \cbch |c}v }vec| |fhc~d+hc~d |f`~cge MNC cmcbch kfkcdg}cdg mc}cnc|f ncdi q~`mvi|d" nclivq kcvqvg mfzfb`qkfg} mcbck qf~v|chccg tcge kfknv}vhicg cqbdic|d mc}cnc|f nf~|icbc nf|c~ vg}vi `qf~c|d`gcbgtc |fhc~d+hc~d' Ic~fgc d}v |fbcdg hcb+hcb tcge nf~hvnvgecg mfgecg |`j}uc~f" |f`~cge MNC ovec qf~bv kfkchckd nfnf~cqc hcb }fg}cge hc~muc~f |fqf~}d }fig`b`ed |f~zf~" |}`~cef mfzdlf| mbb cec~ mcqc} kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg mc}cnc|f tcge `q}dkcb' Qfgef}chvcg }fg}cge |f~zf~ lbv|}f~dge" |}`~cef c~~ct gf}u`~i (\CG$" ^CDM" nclivq mfzdlf| mcg `q}dkcbd|c|dgtc kf~vqcicg ifchbdcg vgdi |f`~cge MNC' Mfgecg |fkcidg nf~ifkncgegtc nf~ncecd }fig`b`ed @^K (`nofl} ~fbc}d`gcb kcqqdge$" kcic md ifkvmdcg hc~d qfif~occg q~`e~ckkf~ mcg MNC cicg |fkcidg mcqc} mdqd|chicg' Ndbc md kc|c bcbv ncgtci q~`e~ckkf~ tcge kf~cgeicq |fncecd MNC" md kc|c mfqcg nd|c ocmd q~`e~ckkf~ |fkcidg oc~cge kfgeevgcicg \SB ic~fgc |fkvcgtc |vmch md}cgecgd `bfh i`kq`gfg @^K' Md |dgdbch qf~nfmccg ndmcge ifchbdcg |f`~cge MNC kfgocmd bfndh }f~bdhc} mdncgmdgeicg mfgecg |f`~cge q~`e~ckkf~' Mchvbv |ctc qf~gch mdckcgc}d `bfh c}c|cg vg}vi kfglc~d `~cge tcge kfkdbdid ifchbdcg mcbck ndmcge oc~dgecg" |f~zf~ mcg mc}cnc|f' Hc|dbgtc `~cge |fqf~}d d}v }dmci qf~gch md}fkvicg" ic~fgc d}v |ckc |coc kfgeecnvgeicg ifkckqvcg \t|}fk Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ mfgecg Mc}cnc|f Cmkdgd|}~c}`~' \f`~cge \t|}fk Cmkdgd|}~c}`~ nf~bc}c~ nfbcicge l`kqv}f~ |t|}fk * gf}u`~idge \f`~cge MNC |fnfgc~gtc nf~bc}c~ nfbcicge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg}' Mvc hcb }f~|fnv} ncecdicg ocbcg nf~lcncge tcge hc~v| mdqdbdh `bfh |f`~cge q~`jf|d`gcb D] md cucb ic~d~gtc' ]VEC\?

3' Kf~cglcge mcg kfkncgevg mc}cnc|f mcbck |fnvch |d|}fk >' Kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg |`bv|d }f~ncdi mcbck dkqbfkfg}c|d mc}cnc|f ncdi mcbck hcb |`j}uc~f kcvqvg hc~muc~f <' Kfkcdg}cdg mc}cnc|f cec~ mcqc} nf~ocbcg mfgecg ncdi mcg `q}dkcb

IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' >' <' ='

Kfgevc|cd F^M" \SB mcg mf|cdg mc}cnc|f |flc~c kfgmcbck Kfgevc|cd nf~ncecd }figdi `q}dkcbd|c|d/}vgdge" nclivq mcg kcdg}cdg mc}cnc|f Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck |cbch |c}v c}cv bfndh ^MNK\ nf|f~}c }``b| tcge cmc' Kfkchckd }fg}cge |cbch |c}v qbc}j`~k/nchc|c qfkq~`e~ckcg vg}vi kfgeci|f| mc}cnc|f 6' Kfgevc|cd }fig`b`ed |f~zf~" |}`~cef" `qf~c}dge |t|}fk tcge nf~icd}cg mfgecg dkqbfkfg}c|d mc}cnc|f BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Dbkv I`kqv}f~ I`kqv}f~

:' \@J]UC^F C^LHD]FL] \`j}uc~f c~lhd}fl} c}cv icmcge md|fnv} ovec |fncecd ]flhgdlcb C~lhd}fl} ndc|cgtc nfif~oc md qf~v|chccg |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} tcge kfkdbdid q~`mvi+q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge lvivq nf|c~ mcg i`kqbfi|' |`j}uc~f c~lhd}fl} nf~}vec| vg}vi kfgmf|cdg mcg kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg |flc~c }flhgdlcb kfgefgcd ncecdkcgc mcg cqc tcge mdqf~bvicg mcbck kfgefkncgeicg q~`mvi  |`j}uc~f }f~|fnv}' Q~`jf|d`gcb md ndmcge dgd ndc|cgtc qf~gch kfgd}d ic~d~ |fncecd q~`e~ckkf~" |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ c}cv |t|}fk cgcbt|}' Ndbc |t|}fk cgcbt|} hc~v| kfkdbdid qfgef}chvcg tcge nf~dkncge cg}c~c q~`|f| nd|gd| (q~`nbfk m`kcdg$ mcg |`j}uc~f }flhg`b`et (|`bv}d`g m`kcdg$" |f`~cge c~lhd}fl} md}vg}v} vg}vi kfgevc|cd |`j}uc~f }flhg`b`et |flc~c bfndh kfgmcbck' Ifkckqvcggtc mcbck hcb }flhgdlcb |cgec} mdqf~bvicg mcbck q~`tfi+q~`tfi |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} nf~|icbc nf|c~ mcg i`kqbfi|" mdkcgc ifqv}v|cg mcbck qfkdbdhcg }fig`b`ed tcge qcbdge }fqc} mcg qfgevc|ccgtc |cgec} kfgfg}vicg if|vi|f|cg q~`tfi' Ifchbdcg v}ckc |f`~cge |`j}uc~f c~lhd}fl} cmcbch mcbck ndmcge |`j}uc~f mf|deg mcg |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} }flhg`b`et' ]VEC\?

3' Kf~fi`kfgmc|dicg }fig`b`ed tcge qcbdge l`l`i vg}vi kfgefkncgeicg q~`mvi  |`j}uc~f >' Kfknvc} |}cgmc~+|}cgmc~ |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} tcge cicg mdevgcicg `bfh }dk q~`e~ckkf~ / mfzfb`qf~ <' Kfknvc} ~cglcgecg/mf|cdg |`j}uc~f mcg q~`|f| qfgefkncgecggtc |flc~c if|fbv~vhcg IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd hcb+hcb tcge mdivc|cd q~`e~ckkf~" |t|}fk cgcbt|} mcg |`j}uc~f fgedgff~ >' Kfgevc|cd Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck kfgmcbck }fg}cge } fg}cge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} }flhg`b`et <' Kfgevc|cd qfgvbd|cg m`ivkfg mfgecg ncdi (mcbck nchc|c Dgee~d| mcg Dgm`gf|dc$ BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Dbkv I`kqv}f~" Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic

5' \`j}uc~f Dkqbfkfg}f~ Dkqbfkfg}f~ \`j}uc~f dkqbfkfg}f~ icmcge mf|fnv} |fncecd ‒Dkqbfkfg}f~‛ c}cv ‒\`j}uc~f \vqq`~}‛' Q~`jf|d dgd ifmfgec~cggtc kd~dq mfgecg mfgec g ‒\t|}fk \vqq`~}‛ md mvgdc L`kqv}f~ \t|}fk * Gf}u`~idge' Kfkcge |flc~c qfif~occg cmc ifkd~dqcg" }f}cqd |f|vcd qfgckccggtc" mcbck hcb |f|vc}v tcge md|vqq`~} }fg}v |vmch }f~bdhc} qf~nfmccggtc' Q~`jf|d |`j}uc~f dkqbfkfg}f~ }dmci  }f~e`b`ge mcbck ndmcge |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} kfbcdgicg bfndh mfic} if ndmcge |`j}uc~f l`g|vb}dge' \f`~cge |`j}uc~f dkqbfkfg}f~/|vqq`~} nf~}vec| kfg+|vqq`~} q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge cicg mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg md |d|d lbdfg}/lv|}`kf~ ncdi dg|}cbc|d |f}}dge i`gjdev~c|d" k`mdjdic|d mcg qfbc}dhcg vg}vi v|f~+v|f~gtc' Vkvkgtc |`j}uc~f |vqq`~} }dmci nf~v~v|cg mfgecg kc|cbch hc~muc~f/oc~dgecg kfbcdgicg bfndh if q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge md |vqq`~}' |f`~cge |`j}uc~f dkqbfkfg}f~/|vqq`~} mdnv}vhicg mcbck dkqbfkfg}c|d |`j}uc~f tcge lvivq nf|c~ mcg i`kqbfi| |fqf~}d |`j}uc~f qf~ncgicg" c|v~cg|d" cd~bdgf m bb ]VEC\?

3' Kfbcivicg dg|}cbc|d/dkqbfkfg}c|d dg|}cbc|d/dkqbfkfg}c|d |f~}c |f}}dge |f}}dge q~`mvi |`j}uc~f md |d|d lbdfg}/lv|}`kf l bdfg}/lv|}`kf~~ >' Kfkfbdhc~c mcg kfkc|}dicg |`j}uc~f tcge |vmch mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg nf~ocbcg mfgecg ncdi  <' Kfbcivcicg }~`vnbf|h``}dge }~`vnbf|h``}dge }f~hcmcq } f~hcmcq q~`mvi |`j}uc~f =' Kfknf~dicg qfbc}dhcg (}~cdgdge$ ifqcmc qc~c qfgeevgc qfgeevgc |`j}uc~f IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge cicg mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg >' Kfgevc|cd }fig`b`ed qbc}j`~k / |d|}fk q`qf~c|d/ kdmmbfuc~f (ndbc cmc$ tcge mdnv}vhicg `bfh q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge md|vqq`~} <' Kfkchckd dg|cbc|d" |f}}dge * }~`vnbf|h``}dge q~`mvi |`j}uc~f tcge mddkqbfkfg}c|dicg BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Dbkv I`kqv}f~" ]figdi I`kqv}f~" ]figdi  Fbfi}~` (Qfkv|c}cg \}vmd I`kqv}f~$

8' ]flhgdlcb L`g|vb}cg} ]flhgdlcb L`g|vb}cg c}cv icmcge md|fnv} |fncecd ‒L`g|vb}cg}‛ |coc |f|vcd gckcgtc nfif~oc |fncecd i`g|vb}cg D]' ]vec| v}ckc |f`~cge i`g|vb}cg cmcbch kf~fi`kfgmc|dic |`bv|d }fig`b`ed D] }f~ncdi vg}vi kfkflchicg kc|cbch tcge cmc' Ndbc |f`~cge |`j}uc~f c~lhd}fl} bfndh kfgevc|cd |`bv}d`g m`kcdg" |f`~cge }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} bfndh kfgevc|cd q~`nbfk m`kcdg' \f`~cge }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} kd~dq |f`~cge |t|}fk cgcbt|} tcge bfndh |f~dge kfknvc} i`g|fq q~`|f| nd|gd| mcg ~fsvd~kfg} mc~dqcmc kfbcivicg mf|deg c}cv l`mdge' ]flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} }fg}vgtc ovec kfgevc|cd }fig`b`ed |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} }f}cqd qcmc

bfzfb tcge bfndh vkvk mcg bvc| (hdeh bfzfb$ mcg bfndh l`gm`ge }f~kc|vi mcbck ndmcge |`j}uc~f l`g|vb}dge' l`g|vb}dge' Nf~nfmc mfgecg |`j}uc~f c~lhd}fl} tcge bfndh ncgtci nfif~oc |flc~c dg}f~gcb mcbck qf~v|chccg" }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} bfndh ncgtci nfif~oc vg}vi kfknf~dicg i`g|vb}c|d ifqcmc lbdfg}/lv|}`kf~ mcg bfndh ncgtci nf~hcmcqcg mfgecg ncgtci `~cge' Vg}vi d}v mdnv}vhicg dg}f~qf~|`gcb mcg u~d}dge |idbb tcge kfkcmcd' Cqcndbc cgmc |f~dge kfgmfgec~ d|}dbch F^Q (Fg}f~q~d|f ^f|`v~lf Qbcggdge$ l`g|vb}cg}" q~`jf|d }f~|fnv} }f~kc|vi mcbck }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg}' |f`~cge F^Q l`g|vb}cg} }fg}vgtc hc~v| kfgevc|cd q~`|f| nd|gd| fg}f~q~d|f mcg ncecdkcgc kfgedkqbfkfg}c|dicggtc mcbck q~`mvi  |`j}uc~f tcge mdivc|cd / md~fi`kgmc|dicggtc' Qcmc }vbd|cg kfgefgcd ‒Q~`jf|d md mvgdc D] Ncedcg 3‼" |ctc qf~gch nf~lf~d}c }fg}cge D] |qfldcbd|} tcge ifmfgec~cggtc kd~dq mfgecg }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} mcbck hcb ~fi`kfgmc|d mcg dkqbfkfg}c|d D]' Qf~nfmccggtc cmcbch" }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} bfndh kfgevc|cd q~`|f| nd|gd| mcg |`j}uc~f |fmcgeicg D] |qfldcbd|} bfndh kfevc|cd hc~muc~f mcg oc~dgecg |f~}c |`j}uc~f |flc~c ec~d| nf|c~ Ndbc nfif~oc qcmc qf~v|chccg tcge kfgovcb q~`mvi |`j}uc~f" }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} ndc|cgtc bfndh ncgtci nfif~oc qcmc }chcq q~f+|cbf|' Qcmc }chcq dkqbfkfg}c|d" }flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} nfif~oc |ckc mfgecg |`j}uc~f dkqbfkfg}f~' \f}fbch |`j}uc~f }f~dkqbfkfg}c|d (cj}f~ |cbf|$" |`j}uc~f dkqbfkfg}f~ / |vqq`~} cicg bfndh ncgtci nf~qf~cg mcbck `qf~c|d`gcbgtc' ]flhgdlcb l`g|vb}cg} cicg mdqf~bvicg bced ndbc cmc qf~vnchcg q~`|f| nd|gd|" k`mdjdic|d c}cv qfgcknchcg k`mvb tcge lvivq i`kqbfi| mcbck |`j}uc~f }f~|fnv} ]VEC\?

3' Kfknf~dicg i`g|vb}cg|d/~fi`kfgmc|d i`g|vb}cg|d/~fi`kfgmc|d kfgefgcd |`bv|d D] }f~ncdi vg}vi kfkflchicg kfkflchicg kc|cbch >' Kfknvc} m`ivkfg |fqf~}d q~`q`|cb" ~fsvd~fkfg} mcg mf|cdg |`j}uc~f |flc~c vkvk <' Kfbcivicg qfbc}dhcg (}~cdgdge$ ifqcmc qc~c qfgeevgc qfgeevgc |`j}uc~f IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Nf~qfgecbckcg mcg kfgevc|cd nf~ncecd kclck q~`|f| nd|gd| fg}f~q~d|f c}cv ofgd| nd|gd| }f~fg}v >' Kfgevc|cd }fig`b`ed D] |flc~c bvc| <' Kfgevc|cd Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck kfgmcbck }fg}cge |`bv|d |` bv|d |`j}uc~f tcge md~fi`kfgm md~fi` kfgmc|dicg c|dicg =' Kfgevc|cd qfgvbd|cg m`ivkfg mcg i`kvgdic|d zf~ncb mfgecg ncdi (mcbck nchc|c Dgee~d| mcg Dgm`gf|dc$ BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Dbkv I`kqv}f~" ]figdi I`kqv}f~" ]figdi  Fbfi}~` (Qfkv|c}cg \}vmd I`kqv}f~$

4' V|f~ Dg}f~jclf D g}f~jclf Mf|degf~ Kvgeidg cgmc ceci oc~cge kfgmfgec~ gckc q~`jf|d |fqf~}d dgd ic~fgc kfkcge d|}dbch dgd  oc~cge mdevgcicg' Cmc dibcg b`u`gecg qfif~occg tcge kfgeevgcicg d|}dbch ‒V|f~ Dg}f~jclf Mf|degf~‛" }f}cqd bfndh |f~dge mdevgcicg m devgcicg d|}dbch ‒Ufn Mf|degf~‛ vg}vi vg }vi q`|d|d }f~|fnv}' Q~`jf|d tcge }f~cihd~ dgd kfkcge ceci |fmdid} nf~nfmc mfgecg q~`jf|d+q~`jf|d |fnfbvkgtc ic~fgc `~cge+`~cge |vi|f| md ndmcge dgd vkvkgtc kfkdbdid ncic} |fgd |ficbdev| ifkckqvcg }flhgdlcb' \f`~cge v|f~ dg}f~jclf mf|degf~ hc~v| mcqc} kfknvc} mf|cdg ufn tcge kcgd|" |f~c|d" v|f~ j~dfgmbt }f}cqd }f}cq fjd|dfg ic~fgc Dg}f~gf} kfkdbdid ncgmudm}h tcge }f~nc}c|' Ic~fgc q~`jf|d`gcb md ndmcge dgd bfndh |f~dge mdqfif~ocicg mcbck ufn mfzfb`qkfg}" kcic q~`jf|d dgd bfndh |f~dge md|fnv} |fncecd ufn mf|degf~' \fbcdg kfgevc|cd q~`e~ckkdge }f~v}ckc ufn q~`e~ckkdge" |f`~cge ufn mf|degf~ ovec hc~v| kfgevc|cd }``b| mcbck dkcef mf|deg mcg cgdkc|d |fqf~}d q~`mvi+q~`mvi  Cm`nf/Kcl~`kfmdc" L`~fb mbb' Mcbck ufn mfzfb`qkfg}" v|f~ dg}f~jclf mf|degf~ nfif~oc nchv+kfknchv mfgecg ufn q~`e~ckkf~/mfzfb`qf~ vg}vi kfgehc|dbicg cqbdic|d ufn tcge ncdi mcbck hcb }ckqdbcg mcg jvge|d`gcbd}c|' ]ckqdbcg tcge ncdi" kfgc~di mcg v|f~ j~dfgmbt cicg kfknvc} cqbdic|d ufn }f~|fnv} mdgdbcd bfndh nf~kv}v' Icmcge icbc v|f~ dg}f~jclf mf|degf~ ovec md|f~}cicg mcbck q~`tfi+q~`tfi g`g ufn" kd|cbgtc vg}vi kfknvc} mf|deg dl`g" |qbc|h |l~ffg" b`e` mbb' L`g}`hgtc" mfuc|c dgd md qbc}j`~k Kdl~`|`j}'Gf} mdifgcb cmcgtc }fig`b`ed UQJ (Udgm`u| Q~f|fg}c}d`g J`vgmc}d`g$' Mfgecg kfgeevgcicg }fig`b`ed dgd" mf|cdg }ckqdbcg cqbdic|d mf|i}`q mcqc} mdqd|chicg mfgecg l`mdge+gtc' \f`~cge v|f~ dg}f~jclf mf|degf~ mcqc} nfif~oc qcmc mf|cdg }ckqdbcg kfgeevgcicg XCKB" |fmcgeicg q~`e~ckkf~/mfzfb`qf~ kfgef~ocicg l`mdge+gtc md l`mf+ nfhdgm kfgeevgcicg L, c}cv ZN'Gf}' Ic~fgc d}vbch q~`jf|d dgd kfgv~v} |ctc bfndh }fqc} mdgckcicg v|f~ dg}f~jclf mf|degf~' ]VEC\?

3' Kfgmf|cdg v|f~ dg}f~jclf cec~ kfgc~di mcg |f~c|d |flc~c zd|vcb mcg v|f~ j~dfgmbt >' Kfgmf|cdg dkcef/ecknc~/cgdkc|d tcge cicg mdevgcicg md }ckqdbcg v|f~ dg}f~jclf (VD$ |`j}uc~f cqbdic|d IFCHBDCG TCGE MDQF^BVICG?

3' Kfkdbdid ncic}/kdgc} md |fgd ~vqc / mf|cdg zd|vcb >' Kfkchckd mc|c~+mc|c~ qfkq~`e~ckcg ncdi ufn kcvqvg |flc~c vkvk <' Kfgevc|cd |l~dq}dge vg}vi v|f~ dg}f~jclf |fqf~}d |fqf~}d H]KB" MH]KB" L\\" Oczc\l~dq}" Oczc\l~dq}" cl}d`g |l~dq}" XCKB mbb' =' Kfgevc|cd }``b| kcgdqvbc|d dkcef mcg cgdkc|d BC]C^ NFBCICGE?

\fgd ^vqc (mf|cdg zd|vcb$" ]figdi Dgj`~kc}dic" Dbkv I`kqv}f~" I`kqv}f~" Kcgcofkfg Kcgcofkfg Dgj`~kc}dic Nced tcge kc|dh kchc|d|uc mcg kf~c|c kfgeefkc~d ndmcge l`kqv}f~ hc~muc~f c}cv gf}u`~idge" mcqc} kfgec~chicg md~d vg}vi kfgevc|cd |cbch |c}v ndmcge q~`jf|d }f~|fnv}

|fnfbvk ‒}f~ovg nfnc|‛ if mvgdc if~oc' if~ oc' Nced tcge |vmch nfif~oc kfgocmd |f`~cge q~`jf||d`gcb D] kvmch+kvmchcg mcqc} }f~v| kfgdgeic}icg q~`jf|d`gcbd}c|gtc mcg |fk`ec ndmcge tcge md}fivgd |fic~cge |f|vcd mfgecg h`nnt mcg ld}c+ld}c cgmc' Kfkcge |cbc~t q~`jf|d`gcb D] md Dgm`gf|dc kc|dh nfbvk lvivq kfkcmcd ndbc mdncgmdgeicg md gfec~c kcov' Md V\ kd|cbgtc" kfmdcg |cbc~t q~`jf|d hc~muc~f fgedgff~ }f~gtc}c bfndh }dgeed mc~dqcmc cf~`|qclf fgedgff~9 |fnvch q~`jf|d tcge kfbdnc}icg }fig`b`ed }f~}dgeed tcge  qf~gch mdldq}cicg kcgv|dc' \cbc~t hc~muc~f fgedgff~ hcgtc mdicbchicg `bfh ‒qf}~`lhfkdlcb fgedgff~‛ tcge kfkcge qfif~occggtc lvivq kfgev~c| }fgcec mcg qdid~cg md mcf~ch +mcf~ch }f~qfgldb'

OFGOCGE IC^D^ IC^D^ MD MVG DC D]

\fqf~}d ndmcge+ndmcge qfif~occg bcdggtc" q~`jf|d md mvgdc D] kfkdbdid ofgocge / }dgeic}cg /  bfzfb tcge }fbch nf~bciv |flc~c vkvk md mvgdc if~oc tcd}v?

3' J^F\H E^CMVC]F

Kf~fic tcge nc~v |coc bvbv| mc~d vgdzf~|d}c|" dg|}d}v}" cicmfkd c}cvqvg |fi`bch kfgfgech ifov~vcg mcqc} mde`b`geicg |fncecd j~f|h e~cmvc}f' \fncedcg mc~d kf~fic cmc tcge }fbch kfkdbdid qfgecbckcg if~oc |fhdgeec mcqc} mde`b`geicg |fncecd  Ovgd`~  c}cv kcbch  Fxqf~dfglfm ' Vg}vi ic|v| dgd |fnv}cggtc nf~vnch mc~d j~f|h e~cmvc}f kfgocmd fxqf~dfglfm e~cmvc}f' Mfgecg nficb dbkv tcge mdqf~`bfh |fbckc ivbdch" j~f|h e~cmvc}f vkvkgtc }fbch kfkdbdid mc|c~+mc|c~ qfgef}chvcg mdndmcge D] |fqf~}d q~`e~ckkdge c}cv gf}u`~idge" cicg }f}cqd }f}cq qf~bv cmcgtc qfgtf|vcdcg mfgecg bcqcgecg if~oc tcge cmc' \fncedcg nf|c~ j~f|h e~cmvc}f nfbvk mcqc} kfkc|}dicg ndmcge q~`jf|d D] kcgc tcge cicg kf~fic ocbcgd' Ndc|cgtc j~f|h e~cmvc}f cicg kfkdbdh ndmcge q~`jf|d tcge |f|vcd mfgecg qf~v|chccg }fkqc} qf~}ckcicbd kf~fic md}f~dkc if~oc ucbcvqvg nfnf~cqc mc~d kf~fic cmc

  ovec tcge }fbch kfkv}v|icg vg}vi nfif~oc md ndmcge q~`jf|d D] }f~}fg}v |f|vcd kdgc} c}cv h`nnt+gtc' \CBC^T?

\f`~cge j~f|h e~cmvc}f cmc tcge |vmch qf~gch nfif~oc |fncecd j~ffbcglf c}cv kcecge |foci  ivbdch' Qfgehc|dbcg }fg}vgtc nfbvk }f}cq }f}cqd kdgdkcb kc|dh kfgv}vq `gei`| qvbcge qf~ed mcg ndctc hdmvq |fhc~d+hc~d |fncecd |dgebf'' >' OVGD@^

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Qcmc bfzfb dgd" |cbc~t tcge md}f~dkc mcqc} nf~nfmc+nfmc qcmc |f}dcq qf~v|chccg mcg b`ic|d /  i`}c }fkqc} nfif~oc' \ctc }dmci cicg kfknf~dicg g`kdgcbgtc ic~fgc }fg}vgtc cicg nf~vnch }f~v| |fd~dge nf|c~gtc dgjbc|d md gfec~c id}c' Tcge qc|}d" vkvkgtc |vmch bfndh mc~d lvivq vg}vi kfknctc~ ldldbcg ifgmc~ccg ~`mc mvc (nc~v$''?$ <' FXQF^DFGLFM

‒' \f}fbch nfif~oc |fbckc bfndh mc~d > }chvg" |f`~cge  ovgd`~  mcqc} gcdi if bfzfb ‒ Fxqf~dfglfm ‒' @~cge+`~cge md bfzfb dgdbch tcge qcbdge ncgtci mdnv}vhicg md mvgdc if~oc mcg mcqc} mdcgeecq ‒|dcq if~oc‛' Gckc q~`jf|d md bfzfb dgd ndc|cgtc }dmci mdcucbd `bfh fknfb+fknfb }f~}fg}v' Icbcv id}c kfgmfgec~ d|}dbch ‒Q~`e~ckkf~‛" ‒Mfzfb`qf~‛" ‒\`j}uc~f Fgedgff~‛" ‒Gf}u`~i Fgedgff~‛" kcic d}v |ckc |coc mfgecg ‒Fxqf~dfglfm Q~`e~ckkf~‛ c}cv ‒Fxqf~dfglfm \`j}uc~f Fgedgff~‛' ]dgeic}cg dgd mcqc} mdcgcb`edicg mfgecg bfzfb ‒Lhvggdg‛ md |cbch |c}v kcgec }f~ifgcb Ld~d+ld~d mc~d bfzfb dgd cmcbch?

3' Mcqc} nfif~oc mcbck q~`tfi / bctcgcg D] qcmc }dgeic} kfgfgech c}cv bcgov} mfgecg kfgf~cqicg }fig`b`ed c}cv kf}`m`b`ed }f~idgd' Kd|cbgtc |fncecd q~`e~ckkf~/mfzfb`qf~ kfbcivicg |`j}uc~f mf|deg" kfgf~cqicg mf|deg qc}}f~g" @@Q" l`mdge |f|vcd |}cgmc~ (l`mdge |}cgmc~m$ mcg nf|} q~cl}dlf |fhdgeec mcqc} kfgehc|dbicg cqbdic|d tcge nf~ivcbd}c|' \fncecd gf}u`~i fgedgff~ mcqc} kfbcivicg BCG mf|deg" dg|}cbc|d mcg |f}}dge |f~zf~" dg|}cbc|d mcg |f}}dge ~`v}f~" l`~f |ud}lh" BCG mf|deg" ZBCG" dg}f~i`gfi|d UCG mbb' >' Mcqc} nfif~oc |flc~c kcgmd~d mdncuch qfgecuc|cg / |vqf~zd|d tcge kdgdkvk' Icmcge icbc }dmci kfknv}vhicg |vqf~zd|d |fbckc nfif~oc mcg cicg md ~fzdfu `bfh }fck bfcm c}cv c}c|cggtc |f}fbch qfif~occggtc md|fbf|cdicg' <' Qfgecbckcg if~oc mdc}c| > }chvg \CBC^T?

\cbc~t qcmc bfzfb fxqf~dfglfm iv~cge bfndh > icbd bdqc} mc~d bfzfb ovgd`~" }f}cqd qf~ncgmdgecg d}v mcqc} |coc nf~nfmc nf~ecg}vge qcmc ifndocicg qf~v|chccg kc|dge+kc|dge' \f}dmcigtc ndctc hdmvq |c}v ifbvc~ec mcg ldldbcg ifgmc~ccg ~`mc fkqc} |fl`gm kc|dh nd|c }f~nctc~ icbcv }dmci cmc ldldbcg bcdggtc }fg}vgtc =' \FGD@^

Bfzfb |fgd`~ mcqc} mdic}cicg |fncecd bfzfb }flhgdlcb }f~}dgeed tcge vkvkgtc mcqc} mdlcqcd |f`~cge qfif~oc D]' Id}c |f~dge kfgmfgec~ d|}dbch ‒\fgd`~ Q~`e~ckkf~‛" ‒\fgd`~ Mfzfb`qf~‛" ‒\fgd`~ \`j}uc~f Fgedgff~‛" ‒\fgd`~ Gf}u`~i Fgedgff~‛ mbb' Vg}vi kfglcqcd bfzfb dgd" mdqf~bvicg qfgef}chvcg mcg qfgecbckcg tcge bvc| mcbck ndmcgegtc' Ndc|cgtc `~cge tcge nf~cmc md bfzfb dgd md}fkqc}icg |fncecd }fck bfcm mcbck q~`tfi' ]dgeic}cg dgd mcqc} mdcgcb`edicg mdcgcb`edicg mfgecg bfzfb ‒O`vgdg‛ md |cbch |c}v kcgec }f~ifgcb tcge c~}dgtc ‒Fbd}f‛' Ld~d+ld~d mc~d bfzfb |fgd`~ cmcbch? 3' Kfgevc|cd |flc~c kfgmcbck mcg vkvkgtc nf~qfgecbckcg bfndh mc~d 6 }chvg mcbck ndmcgegtc" ucbcvqvg cmc qvbc tcge kfglcqcd bfzfb dgd mcbck < }chvg mcg cmc tcge 31 }chvg" |fkvcgtc nf~ecg}vge qcmc ifkckqvcg mcg if|fkqc}cg kc|dge+kc|dge >' Mcqc} nfif~oc }cgqc |vqf~zd|d ic~fgc mdcbch tcge |fhc~v|gtc qcbdge }chv |`bv|d D] }f~ncdi  <' Kfgecuc|d (|vqf~zd|f$ mcg kf~fzdfu hc|db if~oc cgee`}c }fck tcge nf~cmc md ncuch bfzfbgtc |fqf~}d Ovgd`~ mcg Fxqf~dfglfm  =' \fncecd }fkqc} nf~}cgtc / kfg}`~ mcbck hcb }fig`b`ed (}flhg`b`et fxqf~}$ md bdgeivgecg if~ocgtc 6' Nf~qf~cg |fncecd mf|degf~ / cgcbt|} / c~lhd}fl} c}cv }fck bfcm mcbck |fnvch q~`tfi  \f`~cge tcge qcg}c| mdcgeecq kfkdbdid k fkdbdid }dgeic}cg |fgd`~ cmcbch ‒Fxqf~}‛ mcbck ndmcge q~`jf|dgtc mcg mcqc} md|f~chd }cgeevge ocucn qfgvh kfgefgcd }fig`b`ed mcbck |fnvch q~`tfi c}cv bctcgcg D]' \CBC^T?

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kfglcqcd bfzfb dgd |vmch kckqv kfgcgeevge ndctc hdmvq |c}v ifbvc~ec mcg kfknctc~ ldldbcg ifgmc~ccg ~`mc fkqc} (nc~v$ c}cv ldldbcg IQ^ ~vkch dmckcg' 6' Q^DGLDQCB

D|}dbch q~dgldqcb mcbck ofgocge ic~d~ D] kvgeidg ceci oc~cge }f~mfgec~' D|}dbch |fqf~}d ‒Q~dgldqcb \`j}uc~f Fgedgff~‛ c}cv ‒Q~dgldqcb Gf}u`~i Fgedgff~‛ }fbch vkvk mdevgcicg md mvgdc D]" hcgtc |coc }dmci ncgtci qfgtcgmcge |fnv}cg dgd' Q~dgldqcb md |dgd kci|vmgtc cmcbch ‒v}ckc‛ / qcbdge }`q' \fbcdg }dmci |fkvc q~`jf|d`gcb D] mcqc} kfglcqcd bfzfb dgd" |fncedcg nf|c~ qf~v|chccg kf~c|c lvivq vg}vi kfkqfif~ocicg |f`~cge mfgecg bfzfb |fgd`~ |fncecd fxqf~} mcbck c|qfi }figd|' Cidnc}gtc q~`jf|d`gcb D] tcge }fbch kfglcqcd bfzfb |fgd`~ cicg nf~cbdh if kcgcofkfg |fqf~}d   q~`ofl} kcgcef~ ndbc dgedg kfglcqcd ic~d~ tcge bfndh }dgeed' Icbcv id}c kfkdgock d|}dbch |cbch |c}v kcgec }f~ifgcb" nd|c mdic}cicg dgd cmcbch bfzfb ‒\ + Lbc||‛ c}cv ‒\vqf~‛' Kf~fic tcge mdcgeecq kfglcqcd bfzfb dgd ndc|cgtc mdcivd |fncecd tcge qcbdge lfkf~bcge mdcg}c~c qc~c |fgd`~ ' Kf~fic }dmci hcgtc mdcgeecq |fncecd ‒Fxqf~}‛ }f}cqd  ovec |fncecd ‒Bfcmf~‛ mcbck ndmcgegtc' Ld~d+ld~d mc~d bfzfb dgd cmcbch? 3' Kfkdbdid |fbv~vh ifkckqvcg mc~d bfzfb |fgd`~ >' \fncecd }fkqc} nf~}cgtc mcbck hcb }fig`b`ed mcbck ndmcge q~`jf|dgtc (}flhg`b`et fxqf~} cgm bfcmf~$ mcbck bdgeivgecg tcge bfndh bvc| ncdi gc|d`gcb kcvqvg dg}f~gc|d`gcb <' \f~dge kfknvc} c~}difb / }vbd|cg+}vbd|cg kfgefgcd ndmcge q~`jf|dgtc tcge nf~kcgjcc} nced `~cge bcdg =' Mcqc} mdqf~lctc vg}vi kfkncgevg / kfgefkncgeicg |fnvch |}cgmc~m ( |f} }hf |}cgmc~m|$ tcge mdevgcicg mcbck ndmcge q~`jf|dgtc" kd|cbgtc kfgldq}cicg mf|deg qc}}f~g }f~}fg}v c}cv c} cv kf}`m`b`ed qfgefkncgecg qfgefkncgecg |`j}uc~f tcge tcge fjfi}dj' fjfi} dj' \cbch |c}v l`g}`h mc~d bfzfb dgd cmcbch kf~fic tcge kfgmcqc}icg KZQ Cuc~m (K`|} Zcbvcnbf Q~`jf||d`gcb$ Q~`jf||d`gcb$ mc~d |fnvch ~ci|c|c |`j}uc~f tcge tcge }dmci } dmci c|dge bced nced id}c" c}cv tcge tcge kfkfecge |f~}djdic} LLDF mc~d |fnvch zfgm`~ oc~dgecg }f~nf|c~' \CBC^T?

\cbc~t qcmc bfzfb dgd }dmci mcqc} mdqc|}dicg ic~fgc ndc|cgtc kf~fic cmcbch `~cge+`~cge ihv|v| tcge |fbcdg c|f} qfg}dge mcbck q~`tfi ovec kf~vqcicg q`dg} qfg}dge c}cv ‒q~f|}def‛ mc~d |fnvch qf~v|chccg D]' \fncedcg mc~d kf~fic nd|c nf~qfgehc|dbcg kfbfndhd q~`ofl} kcgcef~' :' KCGCEF^

\f`~cge mfgecg bfzfb |fgd`~ mcg kfkdbdid }~cli ~fl`~m tcge ncev| ndc|cgtc mcqc} mdq~`k`|dicg |fncecd kcgcec~" mcbck hcb dgd cmcbch Q~`ofl} Kcgcef~' Q`|d|d kcgcef~ mcbck mvgdc D] ncgtci kclckgtc' Nfnf~cqc d|}dbch tcge |f~dge id}c mfgec~ mdcg}c~cgtc cmcbch? 

Q~`ofl} Kcgcef~

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Mfzfb`qkfg} Kcgcef~ Cqqbdlc}d`g Kcgcef~ / Gf}u`~i Kcgcef~ D] Kcgcef~ / Efgf~cb Kcgcef~ D] ]flhgdlcb Kcgcef~ Q~`mvl} Kcgcef~ \fgd`~ Kcgcef~

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\f`~cge q~`jf|d`gcb D] tcge mcqc} kfglcqcd bfzfb md~fi}v~ D] kvgeidg ceci oc~cge |foc~cge id}c kfgmfgec~ d|}dbch ‒D] Md~fl}`~‛' Dgdbch ofgocge ic~d~ }f~}dgeed }f ~}dgeed tcge kc|dh nf~hvnvgecg f~c} mfgecg D]' Q`|d|d dgd ovec mdifgcb |fncecd L]@ (Lhdfj ]flhg`b`et @jjdlf~$' \f`~cge tcge nf~cmc md bfzfb md~fi}v~ dmfcbgtc nfif~oc md }dgeic}cg ifndocicg mcg |}~c}fed' Ifndocicg mcg |}~c}fed mcbck qfgefkncgecg mcg dkqbfkfg}c|d D] }fg}vgtc nced |f`~cge D] md~fl}`~' D] md~fl}`~ mdqf~bvicg md qf~v|chccg tcge kfgfkqc}icg D] |fncecd hcb tcge l~d}dlcb mcg |cgec} qfg}dge" |fmcgeicg L]@ ndc|cgtc cmc md qf~v|chccg D] / |`j}uc~f mfzfb`qkfg} tcge |vmch lvivq nf|c~ \CBC^T?

\cbc~t D] md~fl}`~ }fg}vgtc |f}c~c mfgecg q`|d|d md~fi}v~ bcdggtc' Mcbck ic|v| }f~}fg}v nd|c kfbfndhd LF@ |ficbdqvg' Dgd nd|c }f~ocmd ndbc |cge D] md~fl}`~ cmcbch i`g|vb}cg bfqc| tcge mdi`g}~ci |fbckc kd|cbgtc > }chvg vg}vi kfgefkncgeicg dkqbfkfg}c|d D] |flc~c kfgtfbv~vh md |vc}v `~ecgd|c|d' \f}fbch q~`|f| dkqbfkfg}c|d |fbf|cd mcg |d|}fk }fbch |}cndb" }ckqvi ifqfkdkqdgcg D] mcqc} md|f~chicg if D] kcgcef~ mdncuch md~fi}v~ `qf~c|d`gcb" kd|cbgtc'