UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE-L CARRERA DE INGENIERIA AUTOMOTRIZ TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR
INFORME INTEGRANTES:
FECHA:
CALIFICACIÓN:
GARCES CRISTIAN ORTEGA ALEXANDER ORTIZ ROBERTH RAMOS CRISTOPHER
22 / 01 /2015
…. /20
TEMA: PRIMERA LEY DE LA TERMODINAMICA Y MECANISMOS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR
1
OBJETIVO GENERAL
1.1 Ana!"a# Ana!"a# a a P#!$%#a P#!$%#a %& '% a T%#$('!n) %#$('!n)$!*a $!*a & L(+ M%*an!+$ M%*an!+$(+ (+ '% T#an+,%#%n*!a+ '% Ca(# 2 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
2.1 C($-#%n'%# C($-#%n'%# *($( +% *($-(#a *($-(#a a P#!$%#a P#!$%#a L%& '% a T% T%#$('!n)$!*a. #$('!n)$!*a. 2.2 R%a!"a# R%a!"a# %%#*!*! %%#*!*!(+ (+ -a#a -a#a *($-#(a# *($-#(a# a a P#!$%#a P#!$%#a L%& '% a T%#$('!n)$!*a. #$('!n)$!*a. 2. C(n(*% C(n(*%## (+ M%*an M%*an!+$ !+$(+ (+ '% T#an+, T#an+,%#% %#%n*!a n*!a '% Ca(# Ca(#..
3
MARCO TEORICO
PRIMERA LEY DE LA TERMODINÁMICA La primera ley de la termodinámica, también conocida como principio de conservación de la energía, expresa que en el curso de un proceso, la energía no se puede crear ni destruir; sólo puede cambiar las formas. Por lo tanto, toda pequea cantidad de energía debe tomarse en cuenta en el curso de un proceso. !l principio de conservación de la energía "o balance de energía# para cualquier sistema que pasa por cualquier proceso se puede expresar como sigue$ !l cambio neto "aumento o disminución# en la energía total de un sistema en el curso de un proceso es igual a la diferencia entre la energía total que entra y la energía total que sale en el desarrollo de ese proceso. !s decir$
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O !%n *($(:
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Balance de energía para !"e#a cerrad$ %#aa &!'a(
>n +!+%$a *%##a'( *(n+a '% 3na $a+a ,!a. La %n%#4a (a E -a#a a $a&(# -a#% '% (+ +!+%$a+ 3% +% %n*3%n#an %n a -#)*!*a *(n+!+% %n a %n%#4a !n%#na >. ?+% %+ %n %+-%*!a % *a+( -a#a (+ +!+%$a+ %+a*!(na#!(+7 &a 3% n( *($-#%n'%n *a$!(+ %n a %(*!'a' ( %%a*!=n '3#an% % -#(*%+(. En %+% *a+(7 a #%a*!=n '% aan*% '% %n%#4a +% #%'3*% a:
En '(n'% +% %9-#%+a % *a$!( %n a %n%#4a !n%#na %n 8#$!n(+ '% a $a+a $7 % *a(# %+-%*,!*( a (3$%n *(n+an% *7 & % *a$!( %n a %$-%#a3#a7 '% +!+%$a. C3an'( % +!+%$a +=( *($-#%n'% #an+,%#%n*!a '% *a(# &
n!n43na !n%#a**!=n '% #aa( *#3"a +3 ,#(n%#a7 a #%a*!=n '% aan*% '% %n%#4a +% #%'3*% ('aa $)+ 6a+a:
Balance de energía para !"e#a de &l)'$ e"ac!$nar!$
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E (3$%n '% 3n ,3!'( 3% ,3&% -(# 3n 3( ( '3*( -(# 3n!'a' '% !%$-( +% a$a 4a+( (3$8#!*( & +% %9-#%+a *($(:
Balance de energía en la )per&!c!e
C($( +% $%n*!(n= a !n!*!( '% *a-3(7 % *a(# +% #an+,!%#% -(# (+ $%*an!+$(+ '% *(n'3**!=n7 *(n%**!=n & #a'!a*!=n &7 a $%n3'(7 % *a(# *a$!a '% %6*3(+ a $%'!'a 3% +% #an+,!%#% '% 3n $%'!( a (#(. P(# %%$-(7 % *a(# *(n'3*!'( 6a+a a +3-%#,!*!% %9%#!(# '% a -a#%' '% 3na *a+a %n !n!%#n( %+ #an+,%#!'( -(# *(n%**!=n7 -(# % a!#% ,#( '% %9%#!(#7 *(n,(#$% %+ !##a'!a'( 6a*!a (+ a#%'%'(#%+ ,#(+. En %+(+ *a+(+ -3%'% +%# n%*%+a#!( +%43!# % #a+#( '% a+ !n%#a**!(n%+ %n%#48!*a+ %n a +3-%#,!*!% & %+( +% 6a*% a-!*an'( % -#!n*!-!( '% *(n+%#a*!=n '% a %n%#4a a a +3-%#,!*!%. >na +3-%#,!*!% n( *(n!%n% (3$%n n! $a+a &7 -(# an(7 a$-(*( %n%#4a. P(# ( $!+$(7 3na +3-%#,!*!% +% -3%'% *(n*%!# *($( 3n +!+%$a ,!*!*!( *3&( *(n%n!'( '% %n%#4a -%#$an%*% *(n+an% '3#an% 3n -#(*%+( @-#%*!+a$%n% *($( 3n +!+%$a '% %+a'( %+a*!(na#!( ( '% ,3( %+a*!(na#!(. En(n*%+ % aan*% '% %n%#4a -a#a 3na +3-%#,!*!% +% -3%'% %9-#%+a# *($(
E+a #%a*!=n %+ )!'a an( -a#a *(n'!*!(n%+ %+a*!(na#!a+ *($( #an+!(#!a+ & % aan*% '% %n%#4a %n a +3-%#,!*!% n( *($-#%n'% 4%n%#a*!=n '% *a(# -3%+( 3% 3na +3-%#,!*!% n( !%n% (3$%n. E aan*% '% %n%#4a -a#a a +3-%#,!*!% %9%#!(#7 -(# %%$-(7 +% -3%'% %9-#%+a# *($(:
C3an'( n( +% *(n(*%n a+ '!#%**!(n%+ '% a+ !n%#a**!(n%+7 +% -3%'% +3-(n%# 3% ('a+ +% '!#!4%n 6a*!a a +3-%#,!*!% & % aan*% '% %n%#4a %n a +3-%#,!*!% +% -3%'% %9-#%+a# *($( E %n 0. N(% 3% a+ !n%#a**!(n%+ %n a '!#%**!=n (-3%+a ,!na!"a#)n *(n a(#%+ n%4a!(+ aan*%an'( %+a %*3a*!=n. MECANISMOS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR
En a +%**!=n 11 +% '%,!n!= % *a(# *($( a ,(#$a '% %n%#4a 3% +% -3%'% #an+,%#!# '% 3n +!+%$a a (#( *($( #%+3a'( '% a '!,%#%n*!a '% %$-%#a3#a. >n an)!+!+ %#$('!n)$!*( +% !n%#%+a %n a *an!'a' '% #an+,%#%n*!a '% *a(# *(n,(#$% 3n +!+%$a -a+a -(# 3n -#(*%+(7 '% 3n %+a'( '% %3!!#!( a (#(. La *!%n*!a 3% #aa '% a '%%#$!na*!=n '% a+ #a"(n%+ '% %+a+ #an+,%#%n*!a+ '% %n%#4a %+ a #an+,%#%n*!a '% *a(#. La #an+,%#%n*!a '% %n%#4a *($( *a(# +!%$-#% +% -#('3*% '% $%'!( 3% !%n% a %$-%#a3#a $)+ %%a'a 6a*!a % '% %$-%#a3#a $)+ aa7 & a #an+,%#%n*!a '% *a(# +% '%!%n% *3an'( (+ '(+ $%'!(+ a*an"an a $!+$a %$-%#a3#a. E *a(# +% -3%'% #an+,%#!# %n #%+ $('(+ '!,%#%n%+: *(n'3**!=n7 *(n%**!=n & #a'!a*!=n. T('(+ (+ $('(+ '% #an+,%#%n*!a '% *a(# #%3!%#%n a %9!+%n*!a '% 3na '!,%#%n*!a '% %$-%#a3#a & ('(+ %(+ (*3##%n '% $%'!( 3% -(+%% a %$-%#a3#a $)+ %%a'a 6a*!a 3n( '% %$-%#a3#a $)+ aa. En+%43!'a +% 'a 3na #%% '%+*#!-*!=n '% *a'a $('(. En (+ *a-3(+ -(+%#!(#%+ '% %+% %9( +% 'a 3n %+3'!( $)+ '%aa'( '% %+(+ $('(+.
*
CONCLUSIONES
a S% *(n(*!= +(#% a -#!$%#a %& '% a %#$('!n)$!*a & *($( +% a a-!*a %n a !'a '!a#!a. E9!+%n '!,%#%n%+ -#(*%+(+ -a#a a #an+,%#%n*!a '% *a(#. +
BILIO,RAFIA •
