IMPLEMENTACION DE TPM EN TALLER INDUSTRIAL

DISEÑO DE UN PROGRAMA DE MANTENIMIENTO PRODUCTIVO TOTAL TOTAL E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA PRIMERA FASE PARA EL ÁREA TALLER INDUSTRIAL DEL INGENIO PICHICHI S.A. EN EL AÑO 2012

CRISTHIAN PABEL LONDOÑO RENGIFO

UNIDAD CENTRAL DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAS PROGRAMA DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL TULUÁ 2012 DISEÑO DE UN PROGRAMA DE MANTENIMIENTO PRODUCTIVO TOTAL TOTAL E IMPLEMENTACIÓN IMPLEMEN TACIÓN DE LA PRIMERA FASE PARA PARA EL ÁREA DE TALLER TALLER INDUSTRIAL DEL INGENIO PICHICHI S.A. EN EL AÑO 2012

CRISTHIAN PABEL LONDOÑO RENGIFO

Proy!"o #$r$ %$&or$r Tr$&$'o ( Gr$(o y o#"$r % ")"*%o ( I+,+-ro I+(*"r-

%$D-r!"or /ESS TERCERO NAVARRO I+,+-ro I+(*"r-

%$UNIDAD CENTRAL DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAS PROGRAMA DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL TULUÁ 2012

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CONTENIDO P,. 1.TITULO..................................................................................................12 2.DEFINICION DEL PROBLEMA .................................................................13 2.1 ANTECEDENTES.................................................................................13 2.2 DESCRIPCION ....................................................................................14 2. FORMULACION ..................................................................................18 2.3 SISTEMATI4ACION .............................................................................18 . /UST /USTIF IFIC ICAC ACIÓ IÓN N DEL DEL PRO5 PRO5EC ECTO TO.........................................................20 3. OB/ETIVOS........................................................................................22 3.1 OB/ETIVO GENERAL..........................................................................22 3.2 OB/ETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS..................................................................22 6. MARCO ARCO REFER EFEREN ENCI CIAL AL.......................................................................24 6.1 MARCO TEÓRICO...............................................................................24 6.1.1 M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% 9TPM:. .................................................24 6.1.1.1 D;-+-!-o+ (% TPM. ..........................................................................26 6.1.1.2 Or-,+ y ($rro%%o (% TPM ..............................................................26 6.1.1. D-;*-o+ (% TPM. ............................................................................26 6.1.1.3 R*%"$(o "$+,-&% ( -7#%7+"$r % TPM. .....................................27 4

6.1.1.6 D$rro%%o (% TPM. .........................................................................29 6.1.1.< M$=-7->$!-o+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ ( %$ #ro(*!!-o+ .......................................30 6.1.1.? P-%$r (% TPM ...............................................................................24 6.1.1.@ M(-!-o+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM .........................................................44 6.1.2 L$ 6 ........................................................................................46 6.1.2.1 D;-+-!-o+ ( %$ 6 . ...................................................................47 6.1.2.2 R$>o+ #$r$ %$ -7#%7+"$!-o+ ( %$ 6 . ...................................49 6.1.2. P$o #$r$ -7#%7+"$r %$ 6 . ...................................................50 6.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL.......................................................................51 6. MARCO HISTORICO ............................................................................52 6..1 Cro+o%o,)$ ( %$ 8o%*!-+ (% M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% To"$% 9TPM:. ......52 6..2 R$ -"r-!$ (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A ..............................................53 6.3 MARCO DE ANTECEDENTES ...............................................................56 6.3.1 D$rro%%o (% TPM + Co%o7&-$ ..........................................................56 6.3.2 D$rro%%o ( #roy!"o + % I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A ..................................59 6.6 MARCO TECNOLÓGICO ......................................................................61 6.< MARCO LEGAL ....................................................................................67 <. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO .....................................................................69 <.1 UNIDAD DE ANALISIS..........................................................................69 <.2 TIPO DE INVESTIGACION...................................................................69 <. TIEMPO..............................................................................................69 <.3 FUENTES DE INFORMACION ...............................................................70 5

<.6 METODOLOGIA ...................................................................................71 ?. ESUEMA TEMATICO..........................................................................75 @. PERSONAS UE PARTICIPAN EN EL PRO5ECTO ....................................76 @.1 E/ECUTORES....................................................................................76 @.2 COLABORADORES.............................................................................77 . RECURSOS DISPONIBLES..................................................................77 10. RESULTADOS E IMPACTO ESPERADOS .................................................78 11. CRONOGRAMA.................................................................................79 BIBLIOGRAFÍA..........................................................................................81

LISTA DE FIGURAS P,. F-,*r$ 1. M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$%...............................................................23 6

F-,*r$ 2. E=#$+-o+ (% TPM $ %o (7$ (#$r"$7+"o....................................2? F-,*r$ . E;-!$!-$ ,%o&$% ( %$ #%$+"$ y "r*!"*r$ ( #r(-($...............................3 F-,*r$ 3. Lo @ #-%$r (% TPM............................................................................... F-,*r$ 6. C-!%o VAPH 7'or$ or-+"$($...............................................................< F-,*r$ <. E% 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"o+o7o r%$!-o+ +"r o#r$(or y 7$+"+-7-+"o.........................................................................................................? F-,*r$ ?. T-#o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o........................................................................... F-,*r$ @. Mo(%o ( (!--o+ (% 7$+"+-7-+"o #%$+-;-!$(o................................. F-,*r$ . A!"-8-($( !+"r$% ( %o (#$r"$7+"o $(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyo $!-$ % #ro!o (% TPM........................................................................................3 F-,*r$ 10. R%$!-o+ +"r % #-%$r ( ,*r-($( y +"or+o y o"r$ $!"-8-($( (% TPM..........................................................................................................................33 F-,*r$ 11. L$ 6  ..............................................................................................3? F-,*r$ 12. P$o #$r$ -7#%7+"$r %$ 6 .......................................................60 F-,*r$ 1. Cro+o%o,-$ -"or-!$ (% M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$%......................66

 LISTA DE GRAFICOS P,. Gr$;-!o 1. P$ro r,-"r$(o #r-o(o ( /*%-oD-!-7&r ( 2011 $r$ 7o%-+o....13

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Gr$;-!o 2. P$ro r,-"r$(o #r-o(o ( /*%-oD-!-7&r ( 2011 $r$ %$&or$!-o+..............................................................................................................16 Gr$;-!o . P$ro r,-"r$(o #r-o(o ( /*%-oD-!-7&r ( 2011 $r$ !$%(r$...1< Gr$;-!o 3. E8$%*$!-o+ -+",r$% 6  #r-o(o ( /*%-o  D-!-7&r........................1? Gr$;-!o 6. N-8% ( $(o#!-o+ ( "!+-!$ ( ,"-o+ + Co%o7&-$.........................6? Gr$;-!o <. Co7#$r$!-o+ ( *o ( "!+-!$ ( ,"-o+ +"r Co%o7&-$ y % r"o (% 7*+(o................................................................................................................6@

 LISTA DE CUADROS P,. C*$(ro 1.S-,+-;-!$(o ( %$ -,%$ TPM..................................................................26

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C*$(ro 2. Lo (o! #$o (% #ro,r$7$ TPM........................................................0 C*$(ro . L$ o!o #r(-($ #r-+!-#$% ( *+$ #%$+"$  (;-+-!-o+ y '7#%o ..................................................................................................................2 C*$(ro 3. Co+(-!-o+ #r8-$ #$r$ *+ 7$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($( ;-!-+".........31 C*$(ro 6. T-#o ( -+(-!$(or !%$8 #$r$ % TPM...............................................3< C*$(ro <. Tor+o -+(*"r*-$%................................................................................<2 C*$(ro ?. T$%$(ro I+(*"r-$% ..............................................................................< C*$(ro @. L-7$(or$ -+(*"r-$%...........................................................................<3 C*$(ro . Nor7o,r$7$ (% #roy!"o.....................................................................<@ C*$(ro 10. M"o(o%o,-$ ( ($rro%%o (% #roy!"o................................................?2 C*$(ro 11. Cro+o,r$7$ ( $!"-8-($( #$r$ % ($rro%%o (%#roy!"o.................?

 LISTA DE TABLAS P,. T$&%$ 1.E'7#%o ( r*%"$(o (% TPM................................................................2 T$&%$ 2. R!*ro +!$r-o #$r$ % ($rro%%o (% #roy"o.................................?? 9

T$&%$ . M"$ TPM (% $r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% ...................................................?@

 LISTA DE FOTOS P,. Fo"o 1.Fr$(or$ -+(*"r-$%......................................................................................< Fo"o 2. C#-%%$(or$ -+(*"r-$%...................................................................................<3 10

Fo"o . Pr+$ -(r$*%-!$ ........................................................................................<6 Fo"o 3. M$*-+$ ro!$(or$......................................................................................<6 Fo"o 6. E7r-% ( &$+!o.........................................................................................<< Fo"o <. S-rr$ %!"r-!$ ( 8$-8+............................................................................<< Fo"o ?. P*+" ,r*$ ................................................................................................
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1. TITULO D-o ( *+ #ro,r$7$ ( M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$%  -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$ #r-7r$ ;$ #$r$ % r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. + % $o 2012.

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2. DEFINICION DEL PROBLEMA  2.1 ANTECEDENTES E% ($rro%%o ( *+ #ro,r$7$ ( M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% 9TPM + * -,%$ + -+,%: #%$+"$(o + % r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A *&-!$(o + % 7*+-!-#-o ( So+o 9V$%% (% C$*!$: *r, ( %$ +!-($( ( -+"ro(*!-r *+ #ro,r$7$ + % !*$%  #*($ "$&%!r 7!$+-7o $#ro#-$(o * "-7*%+ %$ !r$!-+ ( %*,$r ( "r$&$'o ,*ro ,r$"o y #ro(*!"-8o o#"-7->$+(o %$ r%$!-o+ +"r %o !o%$&or$(or (% r$ y % *-#o * 7#%$+J1 $(7 #or (!--+ *++-7 ( %$ $%"$ (-r!!-+ ( ,"-o+$r *+ #ro,r$7$ % !*$% &r-+( 7!$+-7o y rr$7-+"$ K"-% * !o+"r-&*y$+ $ ,$r$+"->$r %$ (-#o+-&-%-($( y ;-!-+!-$ ( %o #ro!o ( r8-!-o ( 7!$+->$(o (+"ro (% r$ #$r$ %$ o%*!-+ ( %o #ro&%7$ ;!-%7+" -(+"-;-!$(o y 7$+"+r *+$ "$&-%-($( ( %o ;*r>o ($rro%%$(o + % #ro!o ( %$ 6  % !*$%  *+ #ro,r$7$ * 8-+ ($rro%%$+(o %$ 7#r$ (( $! 10 $o. To(o "o !o+ % ;-+ ( (-7-+*-r %o (#r(-!-o ( "-7#o o#"-7->$r %o #$!-o ;)-!o y $(!*$(o or(+ ( %o "o! y 7'or$r %$ !*%"*r$ y &-"o (% #ro+$% (-r!"$7+" -+8o%*!r$(o. E% TPM  *+ #ro,r$7$ ( 7'or$ !o+"-+*$ ( %o #ro!o y %$ !*%"*r$ or,$+->$!-o+$% * "r$+;or7$ %$ 7$+r$ ( #+$r ( %o !o%$&or$(or -+8o%*!r$(o + %o #ro!o. E" "-#o ( -"7$ % -+"ro $ %$ 7#r$ (&-(o * $ "r$8 ( % #*(+ 7'or$r %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( * #ro!o $(7 ( #o(r  !*7#%-r !o+ *+o ( %o r*--"o *,r-(o #or B$&$r)$ S.A. *+o ( * #r-+!-#$% !%-+" #$r$ #o(r o&"+r %$ #-,$ ( #%$"$ r!o+o!-7-+"o *  % o"or,$+ $ %o #ro8(or !o+ ,r$+( "+($r ( !$%-($( y -"7$ ( ,"-+ -7#%7+"$(o y 7$+"+-(o. C$& 7+!-o+$r * (+"ro ( %$ or,$+->$!-+  $+ ($rro%%o #roy!"o ( 7'or$ r%$!-o+$(o !o+ % TPM !o7o 7o(%o ( ,"-+ ( 7$+"+-7-+"o * o#"-7->$!-+ ( %o #ro!o 7(-$+" "!+-!$ ( "or)$ ( r"r-!!-o+ $(7-+-"r$!-+ ( !o"o ( !$%-($( ,"-+ 6  y 7o(%o #ro#*"o (% TPM $%,*+o y$ -7#%7+"$(o y o"ro * +o "*8-ro+ =-"o + * ($rro%%o.

1 SUZUKI, Tokutaro. TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Mena#e de$ editor en $en%ua in%$ea. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S.., 1995.!.i/.

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2.2 DESCRIPCION E% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A  *+$ 7#r$ !o7#ro7"-($ + % !r!-7-+"o ( %$ !o7#"-"-8-($( y #ro(*!"-8-($( #or %%o &*!$r 7!$+-7o #$r$ +!o+"r$r %$ 7'or !$%-($(  #$r" (% #ro!o ( ,"-+ * ,+r$ %$ or,$+->$!-+  #or  "o * %$ or,$+->$!-+  $ -+!%-+$(o #or -7#%7+"$r + *+$ r$ (% -+,+-o *+ #ro,r$7$ !o7o % TPM * !o+"r-&*y$ $% 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o y * %o,r *+$ 7$yor #$r"-!-#$!-+ + !$($ *+o ( * !o%$&or$(or $(7 !o7o *+$ ;or7$ ( 7-,r$r ( *+$ $#%-!$!-+ ( 6  $ *+ #ro,r$7$ !o7o %o  % TPM % !*$% %o,r 7$+"+r %o ;*r>o ($rro%%$(o + *+$ ;-%oo;)$ !o7o %$ 6 . E% r$ ( "$%%r -+(*"r-$% o&'"o ( "*(-o y ( $#%-!$!-+ (% #ro,r$7$ TPM ( %$ 7#r$  *+ r$ *  ((-!$ $ #r"$r r8-!-o -+"r+o 7(-$+" %$ o#r$!-+ ( 7!$+->$(o ( #->$ #r;$&r-!$($ *7-+-"r$+(o #->$ 7!$+->$($ #$r$ *-#o ( $%"o (7#o (+"ro (% #ro!o #ro(*!"-8o $ r$ !o7o 7o%-+o %$&or$!-+ y !$%(r$ "o(o !o+ % ;-+ ( 7-+-7->$r y $,-%->$r $8r)$ +o #%$+$($ (+"ro (% #ro!o #ro(*!"-8o !+"r$% ( %$ 7#r$. E+ % ,*+(o 7"r (% 2011  #*( 8-(+!-$ + % I+,+-o #$ro #or ;$%%$ + %o *-#o (+"ro ( %$ "r r$ 7+!-o+$($ %$ !*$% o+ r,-"ro #or !$*$ ( (-;r+" )+(o% (+"ro ( %%$ !$& 7+!-o+$r %$ ( ($o + %o *-#o o ' ( "r$+7--+ #$ro #or -+;-!-+!-$ ( %o 7-7o o#r$(or y (,$" =!-8o ( 7!$+->$(o ( %o 7-7o *-#o #or % "r$&$'o +or7$%. Gr$;-!o 1. P$ro r,-"r$(o #r-o(o ( /*%-oD-!-7&r ( 2011 r$ 7o%-+o PAROS REGISTRADOS EN HORAS POR FALLAS DE EQUIPOS AREA MOLINOS

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14

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E+ % 7 ( #"-7&r  r,-"ro #$ro + % r$ ( %$&or$!-+ #or 1@.@ or$ #or ($o y (;-!-+!-$ + % &o7&o ( %$ &o7&$ +*7ro 2 %$ !*$%  % r$%->o *+ "r$&$'o ( 7!$+->$(o #$r$ $*7+"$r * ;-!-+!-$ (+"ro (% #ro!o o"r$ !$*$ $"r-&*-&% $% "o"$% ( "-7#o ( #$ro r,-"r$(o  #or #ro&%7$ + % $,*$ ( +;r-$7-+"o y ($o + %$ "*&r)$ #or $"$!$7-+"o ( #or 7$"r-$ ="r$$ + %o !o+(*!"o.

15

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16

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17

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No "-++ *+ !o+"ro% $(!*$(o ( %o 7$+"+-7-+"o ( %$ 7$*-+$ y % 60 ( %o *-#o % ;$%"$ 7$+"+-7-+"o y !o7-+>$+ $ #r+"$r ;$%%$ !o7o ;*,$ y #r(-($ ( 8%o!-($(. Lo #o!o !*$(ro ( !o+"ro% * $y (+"ro (% r$ "-++ 7 ( $"r$o y #o!o %o 8+. H$y *+ "-7#o (*r$+" % "*r+o ( %$ 7$$+$ + %$ !*$% %o o#r$r-o #o(r)$+ $!r 7$+"+-7-+"o y %-7#->$ $ * *-#o. No $y *+ +"-(o ( #r"+!)$ #or % $*"o !*-($(o ( %o *-#o ( "r$&$'o.

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18

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QC7o "$&%!r %)+$ ( $!"*$!-+ "r$",-!$ * #r7-"$+ -+(-!$r  o&'"-8o y (-r!"r-! !%$r$ Q* "-#o ( -+"r*7+"o ( 7(-!-+  (&+ -+!or#or$r #$r$ 8$%*$r %o r*%"$(o ( %$ $!"-8-($( (% TPM QC7o #roy!"$r %$ $!"-8-($( $ #o+r + #r!"-!$ #$r$ !*7#%-r %o o&'"-8o "$&%!-(o QC7o !r$r *+ !%-7$ %$&or$% $#"o * #r7-"$ ,+r$r *+$ !*%"*r$ ( !$7&-o y !o7#ro7-o * "-7*% % ($rro%%o ( #ro+$% !o7#"+" -(+o y !$#$> ( ,+r$r r*%"$(o Q* $!"-8-($(  (&+ ($rro%%$r #$r$ "$&%!r *+ 7o(%o ;-!-+" (% #ro,r$7$ TPM #$r$ % r$ (% T$%%r I+(*"r-$% Q* 7!$+-7o ( !o+"ro%  (&+ -+!or#or$r #$r$ 7$+"+r %o ;*r>o $%!$+>$(o y %$ "$&-%-($( (% #ro,r$7$ TPM QC7o -7#%7+"$r %$ #r-7r$ ;$ (% #roy!"o %$ !*$% #r7-"$ 7'or$r %o r*%"$(o (% r$ y "-7*%$r $ %$ !r$!-+ ( *+ %*,$r ( "r$&$'o ,*ro ,r$"o y #ro(*!"-8o Q* "-#o ( -+;or7$!-+  (& %8$+"$r r8-$r $!"*$%->$r y #*&%-!$r #$r$ 8-(+!-$r y o!-$%->$r %o r*%"$(o ( %o -7#%7+"$(o + %$ #r-7r$ ;$ (% #roy!"o

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. /USTIFICACIÓN DEL PRO5ECTO E% 7o8-7-+"o $!-$ % ($rro%%o (% TPM $ -(o 8-(+" + 7*!$ or,$+->$!-o+ +$!-o+$% !o7o -+"r+$!-o+$% y $-7-%$($ + % +o ( %$ !*%"*r$ !or#or$"-8$ "$+"o $) * + % 7*+(o !o7#"-"-8o ( oy + ()$ #$r$ * *+$ 7#r$ #*($ o&r8-8-r (& r !o7#"-"-8$ y o%o #o(r r%o - #*( &r-+($r #ro(*!"o ( $%"$ !$%-($( "+r !o"o ;-!-+" y r$%->$r +"r,$ $ "-7#o. E% TPM  *+$ rr$7-+"$ ( 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o * &r-+($ %$ #o-&-%-($( ( !o+,*-r %$ ;!"-8-($( "o"$% (% -"7$ #ro(*!"-8o #or 7(-o ( %$ %-7-+$!-+ ( * #r(-($ y !o+ %$ #$r"-!-#$!-+ ( "o(o %o 7#%$(o. E #or "o * % I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. ;$&r-!$+" ( #ro(*!"o (r-8$(o (% !*%"-8o y "r$+;or7$!-+ ( %$ !$$ ( $>K!$r y ("$!$(o "$+"o + % 7r!$(o +$!-o+$% !o7o -+"r+$!-o+$% #or r *+ -+,+-o $>*!$rro !o+ #ro(*!"o ( =!%+" !$%-($( !o+ %o !*$% $ !o+,*-(o r *+o ( %o #ro8(or #r-+!-#$% ( ,r$+( 7#r$ -+"r+$!-o+$% !o7o Co!$Co%$ y B$8$r)$ S.A.  +7$r!$+ (+"ro ( *+ #ro,r$7$ ( 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o ( !$($ *+o ( * #ro!o !o+ % ;-+ ( $"-;$!r "o"$%7+" $ * !%-+" y ( 7'or$r %$ !o+(-!-o+ %$&or$% ( * !o%$&or$(or y %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( * *-#o. D&-(o $ "o %$ D-8--+ ( G"-+ ( C$%-($( !o+-"+" + %$ +!-($( ( 7'or$r  %o #ro!o 7#r$r-$% $ (!-(-(o -(+"-;-!$r (-$r  -7#%7+"$r + % r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% % #ro,r$7$ ( M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% * -r8$ !o7o '7#%o #$r$ r $!o,-(o + "o($ %$ or,$+->$!-+ y * #*($+ r  $(o#"$(o !o7o *+ o#or" #$r$ % ;-!$> 7$+"+-7-+"o y "$&-%-($( ( %o (7 7o(% ( ,"-+   #or "o *  %!!-o+o % r$ ( T$%%r  -+(*"r-$% y$ * "$ r$  %$ * #ro8 ( #ro(*!"o 7!$+->$(o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o #$r$ %$ r$ ( 7$yor (-+$7-7o (+"ro (% I+,+-o $>*!$rro y  *+$ ( %$ r$ *  +!*+"r$ +7$r!$($ (+"ro ( %$ 7#r$ !o+ *+ 7$yor !o7#ro7-o ( 7'or$ (&-(o $ %$ !o+(-!-o+ $!"*$% ( o#r$!-+ y +"or+o %$&or$% + %$ *  +!*+"r$+. Por %o "$+"o (-$r  -7#%7+"$r % #ro,r$7$ ( M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% + *+ r$ (+"ro ( %$ or,$+->$!-+  *+$ !%$r$ -($ ( !o7#ro7-o ( %$ 7-7$ !o+ * !o%$&or$(or y $!"-8o 8$%-oo ,+r$+(o $) #or #$r" ( D-8--+ ( G"-+ ( !$%-($( *+ !%$ro !o7#ro7-o #or % ($rro%%o !o+"r-&*y+(o $% 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o (+"ro ( %$ 7#r$ !o+ % ;-+ ( $*7+"$r %$ !$%-($( ( * *-#o #ro(*!"o y (-7-+*-r %$ 8+"*$%-($( #r+"$($ + * #ro!o. A(7 ( $(*-r-r !o7#"-"-8-($(  *-r $(o#"$r % -"7$ TPM #$r$ !*7#%-r !o+ %$ =-,+!-$ ( %o !%-+" !o7o B$8$r-$ S.A. %o !*$%  +!*+"r$+ + $*(-"or-$ !o+"$+" #$r$ 8$%*$r % 21

(7#o $(7-+-"r$"-8o ( !$($ *+o ( %o #ro!o (% -+,+-o y $) #o(r  $(*-r-r %$ #-,$ ( #%$"$ *  o"or,$ #or !*7#%-r !o+ =-,+!-$ #!-;-!$ #or #$r" (% !%-+". Co7o !o+!*+!-$ ( (-!$ =-,+!-$ % #roy!"o TPM + % T$%%r I+(*"r-$%  +!*+"r$ !o+"7#%$(o #$r$ r *+ #roy!"o ( 7'or$ !o+"-+*$ $ 7o"r$r. D " 7o(o %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ (% #ro,r$7$ TPM #r7-" ,$r$+"->$r *+ $(!*$(o ;*+!-o+$7-+"o ( %$ -+"$%$!-o+ (+"ro (% "$%%r -+(*"r-$% !o+-,*-+(o #ro%o+,$r %$ 8-($ ( %o *-#o y 7'or$+(o $#!"o "$+ +!-$% !o7o % or(+ %$ %-7#->$ y %$ #ro,r$7$!-+ ( %$ $!"-8-($( (-7-+*-r % "-7#o o!-oo ( %o o#r$r-o +;o!+(o%o $% 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o $*7+"$+(o % +-8% ( *"-%->$!-+ (+"ro (% "$%%r y (-7-+*-r E+ *+ !-r"o #or!+"$' (% "-7#o ( #$ro (+"ro ( %$ ;&r-!$ $(7 ( !o+"$r !o+ %$ -($ ( * % #roy!"o  #*($ 7o"r$r !o7o *+$ 7"o(o%o,)$ ( -7#%7+"$!-+ #$r$ o"r$ r$ ( %$ 7-7$ 7#r$ y o"ro -+,+-o $>*!$rro y $) #o(r #ro#o+r ( 7$+r$ !%$r$ *+ 7o(%o * #r7-"$ $*7+"$r ( 7$+r$ %,-!$ y !o+!*+" "$+"o %$ !*%"*r$ #or #$r" ( * !o%$&or$(or !o7o %$ 7-7$ ;-!-+!-$ ( * #ro!o. T+-+(o + !*+"$ * % T$%%r -+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.  *+ r$ -7#or"$+" y ( ,r$+ $#oyo #$r$ %$ $!"-8-($( ( 7$+"+-7-+"o (% -+,+-o y$ * 8-"$ %$ *&!o+"r$"$!-+ $ "r!ro #$r$ % 7!$+->$(o ( #->$ #$r$ *-#o ( ,r$+ (-+$7-7o $(7 ( "o (-7-+*y % "-7#o ( #o(r)$ !$*$r + ,+r$r *+$ or(+ y r +"r,$(o % %7+"o + % "-7#o #r$(o. L$ -7#%7+"$!-+ (% #ro,r$7$ TPM ,+r$r$ *+ 7$yor ,r$(o ( ;-!-+!-$ + %o *-#o ( "r$&$'o %o * #r7-"-r 7$yor !$%-($( + %o 7!$+->$(o r$%->$(o y + % "-7#o ( +"r,$ $(7 ( ,+r$r *+ 7$yor !o7#ro7-o #or #$r" ( %o !o%$&or$(or (% r$.  A% +o %%,$r $ -7#%7+"$r % #ro,r$7$ TPM (+"ro (% r$ ( "$%%r -+(*"r-$% "$+"o %o *-#o !o7o %$ -+"$%$!-o+ (% r$ "$r)$+ + !o+(-!-o+ #o!o $#ro#-$($ + !*$+"o $% 7$+"+-7-+"o y "$&-%-($( ( %o #ro!o #$r$ #o(r o;r!r *+ r8-!-o ;-!-+" * !o+"r-&*y$ $ %$ (-7-+*!-+ ( %o #$ro $+"r-or7+" 7+!-o+$(o y $% 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o ( %$ or,$+->$!-+ $(7 ( 7+!-o+$r * %o *-#o (% T$%%r I+(*"r-$% * o+ *+ $!"-8o ( $%"o !o"o #o(r)$+ $;!"$r (r"-!$7+" + % ;*"*ro #or ;$%"$ ( *+ !*-($( ;-!-+".

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3. OB/ETIVOS 3.1 OB/ETIVO GENERAL D-$r *+ #ro,r$7$ ( M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$%  -7#%7+"$r *+$ #r-7r$ ;$ + % r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. #$r$ ;or"$%!r %$ !*%"*r$ (% "$%+"o *7$+o y %$ 7'or$ !o+"-+*$ + !$($ *+o ( %o #ro!o. 3.2 OB/ETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS •

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E8$%*$r y $+$%->$r %o r*%"$(o y &+;-!-o o&"+-(o "r$ %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$ #r-7r$ ;$ (% #roy!"o. R$%->$r % $+%-- !o+7-!o (% #roy!"o.

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6. MARCO REFERENCIAL 6.1 MARCO TEÓRICO 6.1.1 M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% 9TPM:. E% TPM  *+ -"7$ ( ,"-+ o "r$",-$ !or#or$"-8$ "r*!"*r$(o 7"o(o%,-!$7+" #$r$ %$ !o+!*!-+ ( *+$ r- ( o&'"-8o o 7"$ (;-+-(o !%$r$7+" #or %$ $%"$ (-r!!-+ y % #ro+$% (-r!"$7+" -+8o%*!r$(o * *+$ 8> -7#%$+"$(o $y*($+ $ 7'or$r  "$+"o %$ !o7#"-"-8-($( %$ ;or7$ ( #+$r %$ ;-!-+!-$ o#r$!-o+$% y %$ !o7#"+!-$ ( "o(o % #ro+$% -+8o%*!r$(o + *+$ or,$+->$!-+ $ "$ -+(*"r-$% o ( r8-!-o o#"-7->$+(o %$ r%$!-o+ +"r % o7&r y %$ 7$*-+$. S !o+-(r$ !o7o "r$",-$ y$ * $y*($ $ !r$r !$#$!-($( !o7#"-"-8$ $ "r$8 ( %$ %-7-+$!-+ r-,*ro$ y -"7"-!$ ( %$ (;-!-+!-$ ( %o -"7$ o#r$"-8o. E% TPM #r7-" (-;r+!-$r *+$ or,$+->$!-+ + r%$!-+ $ * !o7#"+!-$ (&-(o $% -7#$!"o + %$ r(*!!-+ ( !o"o 7'or$ ( %o "-7#o ( r#*"$ ;-$&-%-($( ( *7-+-"ro % !o+o!-7-+"o * #o+ %$ #ro+$ y %$ !$%-($( ( %o #ro(*!"o y r8-!-o ;-+$%J 2 . F-,*r$ 1. M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"

%$2 UIT:) ;STI, ndr< =e$i!e > :?S :IS, &rika oanna. ie'o de un !ro%raa de anteniiento !rodu"tio tota$ !ara !rode"a'a an die%o de San Pedro @Aa$$e de$ ;au"aB. Traa#o de %rado !ara o!tar e$ titu$o de in%eniero indutria$e. Tu$ua.( Unidad ;entra$ de$ Aa$$e de$ ;au"a. =a"u$tad de in%enierCa. Pro%raa de in%enierCa indutria$.2010, !.38

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F*+" M$"r-$% (-(!"-!o ( %$ !%$ ( !r$"-8-($( 7#r$r-$% (% (o!+" H*,o Oro>!o ( %$ U+-($( C+"r$% (% V$%% (% C$*!$ 9UCEVA:.

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L$ %"r$ %"r$ M r#r+"$ r#r+"$ $!!-o+ $!!-o+ ( ( 7$+$,7+" 7$+$,7+" y 7$+"+-7-+ 7$+"+-7-+"o "o  *+ +;o* +;o* ( ( ,"-+ ,"-+ !o+ !o+ +"+"-(o (o !o7K+ !o7K+ ( ( ($rro ($rro%%o %%o ( ( $!"-8$!"-8-($( ($(  ( (-r!!-+ y "r$+;or7$!-+ ( 7#r$. L$ %"r$ P " 8-+!*%$($ $ %$ #$%$&r$ #ro(*!"-8o o #ro(*!"-8-($( ( *-#o #ro *  #*( $o!-$r $ *+ "r7-+o !o+ *+$ 8--+ 7 $7#%-$ !o7o #r;!!-o+$7-+"o * !o+"r-&*y $ %$ 7$=-7->$!-+ ( %$ ;-!-+!-$ ,+r$% ( *+ -"7$ ( #ro(*!!-+J . L$ %"r$ T ( %$ #$%$&r$ "o"$%  -+"r#r"$ !o7o "o($ %$ $!"-8-($( * r$%->$+ "o($ %$ #ro+$ * "r$&$'$+ + %$ 7#r$ !o+ %$ #$r"-!-#$!-+ "o"$% ( "o(o %o 7#%$(o (( %o $%"o '!*"-8o $"$ %o o#r$(or ( #r-7r$ %)+$J 3.

C*$(ro 1. S-,+-;-!$(o ( %$ -,%$ TPM T (Total) P$r"-!-#$!-+ "o"$% ( %o 7#%$(o P (Productivo) M$=-7->$!-+ ( %$ ;-!-+!-$ (% -"7$ M (Mantenimiento) G"-+ !o+ +"-(o !o7K+ F*+" E% $*"or.

L$ $!"-8-($( TPM ;*ro+ ($rro%%$($ !o7o *+ #r-7r +;o* + %$ r$ #ro(*!"-8$ 7 -+ 7&$r,o !o+ %$ $#$r-!-+ ( -+"ro(*!-r %o !o+!#"o TPM + 3 ;U:S I-T&:- & I-ST:U;T:&S TPM ):UP ;:A. @1(27*31, Ma>o, 2002( ;a$i, ;o$oiaB. ;uro de Intru"tore TPM, ;a$i( a!an Intitute o P$ant Maintenan, 2002, ! .4. 4 Iid. !.5.

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%$ r$ +o o%o #ro(*!"-8$ -+o $(7-+-"r$"-8$ % /IPM 6 -+"ro(*'o *+$ +*8$ (;-+-!-+ (% TPM + %o -,*-+" !o7#o++" 1. Cr$r Cr$r *+$ or,$+->$! or,$+->$!-+ -+ !or#or$" !or#or$"-8$ -8$ * 7$=-7-! 7$=-7-! %$ ;-!$!-$ ;-!$!-$ ( %o -"7$ -"7$ ( #ro(*!!-+. 2. G" G"-o -o+$ +$rr %$ #%$+" #%$+"$ $ !o+ !o+ *+$ *+$ or,$+ or,$+-> ->$!$!-+ + * * 8-" 8-"  "o(o "o(o "-#o "-#o ( #r(#r(-($ ($  $,*r$+(o %o (;!"o y $8r)$ + %$ 8-($ +"r$ (% -"7$ ( #ro(*!!-+. . I+8o I+8o%* %*!r !r$r $r $ "o(o "o(o %o %o (#$ (#$r" r"$7 $7+ +"o "o %$ -7#% -7#%$+ $+"$ "$!!-+ + (% (% TPM TPM -+!% -+!%*y *y+ +(o (o ($rro%%o 8+"$ y $(7-+-"r$!-+. 3. I+8o%*! I+8o%*!r$r r$r $ "o(o (( (( %$ $%"$ (-r!!(-r!!-+ + $ %o o#r$r o#r$r-o -o ( %$ #%$+"$ #%$+"$ + *+ 7-7o #roy!"o. 6. Or-+" Or-+"$r $r (!-(-($ (!-(-($7+ 7+" " %$ $!!-o+ $!!-o+  $!-$ %$ !ro #r(-($ #r(-($ $#oy+(o $#oy+(o  + %$ $!"-8-($( ( %o #*o ,r*#o. 6.1.1. 6.1.1.2 2 Or-,+ y ($rro ($rro%%o %%o (% TPM. TPM. M-+"r M-+"r$ $ %$ -+(*"r-$ -+(*"r-$ $8$+>$& $8$+>$&$+ $+ + "!+-!$ ( 7$+"+-7-+"o #r8+"-8o 9 : y #ro(*!"-8o % ,r$+ (-+$7-7o ( %$ !o7#"+!-$ o&%-,$&$ $ %$ 7#r$ $ &*!$r +*8$ $%"r+$"-8$ y "r$",-$ #$r$ $*7+"$r * !o7#"-"-8-($( *7+(o% $ "o %$ ,r$+ 8o%*!-+ * $+ "+-( +-(o o %o %o **-#o #o *"-% *"-%-> ->$( $(o o #or #or %$ -+(* -+(*" "rr-$ $ y$ * *  $+ $+ "$ "$( (o $*"o7$"->$+(o y  *+$ r$%-($( %$ #ro(*!!-+ $*"o7$"->$($ %$ 23 or$ "$+"o $) * % *-#o ( #ro(*!!-+ " %%,$+(o $ r -7$,-+$&%7+" o;-"-!$(o. Co7o (-! N$$'-7$ <  $% "+r "+r *+ !%$ro !%$ro !o+!#" !o+!#"o o ( %o *  !$%-($( !$%-($(  #*( -+; -+;rr-rr * * %$ !$%!$%-($ ($( ( (# (#+( +(  (% (% #ro! #ro! o o #ro #ro $or $or$ $ !o+ !o+ %$ !r! !r!- -+" +"  ro&o"->$!-+ y $*"o7$"->$!-+  #*( (!-r * %$ !$%-($( ,*r-($( &-+"$r y #ro(* #ro(*!" !"-8 -8-( -($( $( (# (#+( +(+ + + *+ ,r$+ ,r$+ #or! #or!+" +"$' $'  (% (% *-# *-#o. o. E"$ E"$ "+( "+(+ +!!-$ $ !r!-+" $!-$ %$ $*"o7$"->$!-+ y ro&o"->$!-+ y !o7&-+$(o "o(o "o !o+ %$ $%"$ ∗

5 P- I-STITU = P-T MI-T&--;. &$ enoue de$ TPM, "itado !or SUZUKI, Tokutaro. TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S.., 1995.!.6.  @  B &$ anteniiento !reentio ue dearro$$ado !rieraente en $a ∗

indutria de &tado Unido, ete "on"e!to "on$$eo a ue !or edio de $a D$ooCa #a!onea "oinada "on TEM na"iera e$ "on"e!to TPM. 6 -KIM, Seii"i. Introdu""iFn a$ TPM. Manteniiento Produ"tio Tota$.  Tradu"ido  Tradu"ido !or -oran -oran odek. Madrid.( Te"no$o%Ca Te"no$o%Ca de )eren"ia )eren"ia > Produ""iFn, Produ""iFn, S..1984, !.1.

27

!o7#"+!-$ y ,%o&$%->$!-+ ( %o 7r!$(o "-7*%o % !r!-+" -+"r ( 7'or$r %$ ,"-+ #or % &*+ 7$+"+-7-+"o ( %o *-#o + %$ -+(*"r-$ "o (-o or-,+ or-,+ $ *+ +;o* +;o* =!%*=!%*-8$7 8$7+" +"  '$#o+ '$#o+ (+o7(+o7-+$(o +$(o M$+"+M$+"+-7- 7-+"o +"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$%. 6.1.1. 6.1.1.  D-;*D-;*-+ + (% TPM. E% TPM *r,- *r,- or-,-+$% or-,-+$%7+ 7+" " + %$ -+(*"r-+(*"r-$ $ (% $*"o $*"o78 78-%-% y r#r#-($ ($7 7+" +"  #$o #$o $ ;or7 ;or7$r $r #$r" #$r"  ( %$ !*%" !*%"*r$ *r$ !or#or !or#or$" $"-8 -8$ $ ( 7#r 7#r$ $ "$% "$% !o7o !o7o Toyo"$ yo"$ N-$ N-$+ + y M$>($ M$>($ y ( * *7*7-++-" "r$( r$(or or y ? ;-%-$%J . T$7&-+ T$7&-+ " !o+!#"o o&r TPM  $ -+"ro(*!-(o -+"ro(*!-(o + o"r$ -+(*"r-$ -+(*"r-$ !o7o %!"ro(o7"-!$ 7-!ro%!"r+-!$ 7$*-+$ rr$7-+"$ y $ %$ 8 * o"r$ -+(*"r-$ -+(*"r-$ !o7o $%-7+"-!$%-7+"-!-$ $ !$*!o r;-+r)$ r;-+r)$ ( #"r%o #"r%o o *)7-!$ *)7-!$ $+ 8-"o =!%+" r*%"$(o + %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ (% TPM. I+-!-$ I+-!-$%7 %7+" +" %$ $!"-8$!"-8-($( ($( (% TPM +!$7+!$7-+$&$ +$&$+ + =!%* =!%*-8$ -8$7+" 7+"  o&r o&r %o (#$r"$7+"o (#$r"$7+"o * "+)$+ $%,K+ !o+"$!"o !o+ %o *-#o #ro !o7o 7*"r$ 7*"r$ %$ ;-,*r$ ;-,*r$ 2 "$ "$ ;-%oo ;-%oo;)$ ;)$ $ !$7&-$ !$7&-$(o (o y $!"*$% $!"*$%7+ 7+" " o"ro o"ro (#$r"$ (#$r"$7+ 7+"o "o !o7o !o7o !o7#r$ 8+"$  -+,+-r)$ $ %$ 8 * $#oy$+ %o #ro!o !+"r$% $#%-!$+ "$7&-+ TPM #$r$ 7'or$r %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( * #ro!o y $) #o(r +"r,$r *+ 7$yor o#or" ( $#oyo. F-,*r$ 2. E=#$+-+ (% TPM $ %o (7 (#$r"$7+"o

7 SUZUKI. !. ;it., !.2.

28

F*+" SU4UI To*"$ro. V--+ ,+r$% (% TPM. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#. .

6.1.1.3 R*%"$(o "$+,-&% "$+,-&% ( -7#%7+"$r % TPM. So+ 7*!o %o r*%"$(o *  (r-8$+ ( *+$ &*+$ -7#%7+"$!-+ (% TPM r*%"$(o #or %$ !*$% % TPM  $ =#$+(-(o "$+ r#-($7+" + %$ 7$yor)$ ( %$ -+(*"r-$ ( "o(o % 7*+(o ,$r$+"->$+(o ,$r$+"->$+(o $) %$ "r$+;or7$!-+ "r$+;or7$!-+ ( (r"-!o (r"-!o r*%"$(o y +"or+o +"or+o ( "r$&$' "r$&$'o o 8--&% 8--&%7 7+" +" #"-7o #"-7o + !o+(-! !o+(-!-o+ -o+  ( $o $o y ,*r-( ,*r-($( $( (o+( (o+( % #ro+$ #ro+$%% $(*-r $(*-r !o+o!!o+o!-7- 7-+"o +"o ;*+($7 ;*+($7+" +"$(o $(o + % ($rro ($rro%%o %%o $*"+o7 $*"+o7o o %8$+(o % +-8% ( !o+o!-7-+"o y !$#$!-($( + #ro(*!!-+ y 7$+"+-&-%-($(. •

R*%"$(o 8-(+".

To($ 7#r 7#r $ $ * * #o+ #o+ + ($ ($rr rro% o%%o %o (% (% TPM 88-(+! (+!--$ r*% *%""$(o $(o -,+-;-!$"-8$7+" o&r$%-+" #!-$%7+" + %$ r(*!!-+ ( ;*+" ( !o+" !o+"$7 $7-+ -+$!$!-+ + * * $;! $;!"$ "$+ + % #ro! #ro!o o y %$ !$%-( !$%-($( $( (% (% #ro(* #ro(*!" !"o o $8r) $8r)$ $ ( **-#o #o  7-+7-+-77->$! >$!- -+ + ( "-7 "-7#o #o -++ -++! !$r$r-o o (+" (+"ro ro (% (% #ro! #ro!o o + %$ (-7-+*!-+ ( %o (;!"o ( !$%-($( "$+"o + % #ro(*!"o !o7o + % r8-!-o r(* r(*!! !!- -+ + ( %o %o $!!$!!-( (+" +"  y $*7 $*7+" +"o o (% (% !o+o !o+o!!-77-+ +"o "o (% (% #r #ro+ o+$% $% y "r$+;or7$!-+ ( %$ !*%"*r$ 7#r$r-$%. 9V$ "$&%$ 1:. •

Tr$+;or7$!-+ (% +"or+o %$&or$%.

Co+ %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ -7#%7+"$!-+ (% TPM TPM *+$ 7#r$ %o,r$ !$7&-$r % $#!"o ;)-!o ( *+$ -7$,+ -7$,+ ( *+$ #%$+"$ #%$+"$ *!-$ !*&-r"$ !*&-r"$ ( $!-" $!-" y ,r$$ !o+ ;*,$ ( * #ro!o y ( * *-#o %%,$+(o $ !o+,*-r *+ "r$&$'o ,r$"o y *+ +"or+o ,*ro (o+( %o !%-+" o 8--"$+" #*(+ 8-(+!-$r -7#r-o+$+" !$7&-o * $*7+"$+ %$ !o+;-$+>$ + %o #ro!o y %o #ro(*!"o ;-+$%. •

C$7&-o ( !*%"*r$ or,$+->$!-o+$%.

C*$+(o %$ $!"-8-($( TPM  !o7-+>$+ $ ($rro%%$r r#!"o $ %$ (-7-+*!-+ ( $8r)$ y ;*,$ 7'or$+(o $) + +"or+o (% "r$&$'o  #*( !o7+>$r $ #r!-&#r!-&-rr r*%" r*%"$(o $(o !o+!r" !o+!r"o o + %$ !*%"*r !*%"*r$ $ ( %o "r$&$' "r$&$'$(o $(or r -+8o%* -+8o%*!r$( !r$(o o (-r!"$7+" %o !*$%  7o"-8$+ $*7+"$+ * !$#$!-($( #$r"-!-#$"-8$ y % +*7ro ( -($ ( 7'or$ #or "r$&$'$(or $*7+"$. E% #ro+$% 7#->$ $

29

"r*!"*r$r *+$ ;-%oo;)$ ( "r$&$'o ;*+($7+"$($ + % TPM $(*-r+ !o+o!-7-+"o #!);-!o o&r * *-#o y %o #ro!o ,+r$+(o *+ +"-(o ( #r"++!-$ o&r * *-#o ( "r$&$'o y #or %$ 7-7$ 7#r$.

T$&%$ 1. E'7#%o ( r*%"$(o (% TPM.

F*+" SU4UI To*"$ro. V--+ ,+r$% (% TPM. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#. 3.

6.1.1.6 D$rro%%o (% TPM. E% ($rro%%o (% #ro,r$7$ (% TPM  "r*!"*r$ +or7$%7+" + !*$"ro ;$ ( ($rro%%o 9#r#$r$!-+ -+"ro(*!!-+ 30

-7#%$+"$!-+ y !o+o%-($!-+: %$ !*$% $ * 8> ( (,%o$+ + 12 #$o +!-$% #$r$ % ($rro%%o y '!*!-+ (% #ro,r$7$ "$% !o7o 7*"r$ %$ -,*-+" "$&%$.

C*$(ro 2. Lo (o! #$o (% #ro,r$7$ (% TPM

31

F*+" SU4UI To*"$ro. V--+ ,+r$% (% TPM. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#. .

6.1.1.< M$=-7->$!-+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ ( %$ #ro(*!!-+. D+"ro ( *+$ 7#r$ "o(o %o #ro(*!"o o r8-!-o o+ ;$&r-!$(o 7(-$+" *-#o !o7#%'o o +!-%%o *  +!*+"r$+ (+"ro ( *+$ "r*!"*r$ #$r$ * $(!*$(o ;*+!-o+$7-+"o * !o+-"+ &-!$7+" + *+$ r-$ ( *+-($( "$% !o7o !o%*7+$ "$+* ="+-o+ ( "*&r)$ !$%(r$ 7$*-+$ rr$7-+"$ "!. "o(o %%o -+"rr%$!-o+$(o y !o+!"$(o +"r ) #or 7(-o ( %)+$ %!"r-!$  -+"r*7+"o #$r$ * $(!*$($ "$&-%-($( (+"ro (% #ro!o. Co7o r*%"$(o ( "$ -+",r$!-+  7 -7#or"$+" 7$=-7->$r %$ ;-!$!-$ ,%o&$% (

32

*+$ #%$+"$ * !+"r$r =!%*-8$7+" + %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( %$ *+-($( ( *-#o -+(-8-(*$%.J @ L$ ;-!$!-$ (+"ro ( *+ #ro!o (#+( +!-$%7+" ( %$ ;-!-+!-$ !o+ *  *"-%-!+ %$ 3 #r-+!-#$% MJ 9M$+o ( o&r$ M$"r-$ Pr-7$ M"o(o M$*-+$: ( %$ < * **$%7+"  7+!-o+$+. Por %o "$+"o %$ 7'or$ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ ( %$ #ro(*!!-+ + %$ -+(*"r-$ $rr$+!$ !o+ %o "7$ 8-"$% ( 7$=-7->$r %$ ;-!$!-$ ,%o&$% ( %$ #%$+"$ 9E*-#o: %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( #r-7r$ 7$"r-$ 9 : y ;*% 97$"r-$%: %$ ( %$ "$r$ 9#ro+$%: y %$ ( %$ ,"-+ 9M"o(o:.J ∗

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L$ o!o #r-+!-#$% #r(-($ ( *+$ #%$+"$

P$r$ +!o+"r$r %$ 7$yor ;-!-+!-$ (+"ro ( *+ #ro!o  +!$r-o !o7+>$r  #or (-7-+*-r o %-7-+$r %$ @ #r(-($ 7 -7#or"$+" * -7#o-&-%-"$+ * *+$ #%$+"$ $%!$+! * 7=-7$ ;-!$!-$ 1. P$r$($ #ro,r$7$($. 2. A'*" ( %$ #ro(*!!-+. . F$%%o ( %o *-#o. 3. F$%%o ( #ro!o. 6. Pr(-($ ( #ro(*!!-+ +or7$%. <. Pr(-($ ( #ro(*!!-+ $+or7$%. ?. D;!"o ( !$%-($(. @. R#ro!$7-+"o. 8 ICd., ! .21.  @ B &te "on"e!to e uti$iGado !or e$ autor !ara reerire !ro!iaente a $a ue ∗

"oHnente "ono"eo "oo ateria !ria. 9 ICd., ! .7.

33

E+ % -,*-+" !*$(ro  '7#%-;-!$ $ 7$yor ("$%% %$ o!o #r(-($ #r-+!-#$% ( *+$ #%$+"$. C*$(ro . L$ o!o #r(-($ #r-+!-#$% ( *+$ #%$+"$  (;-+-!-o+ y '7#%o

F*+" MI5OSHI A-+o*. M$=-7->$!-+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ ( #ro(*!!-+. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#. 2?.

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E;-!$!-$ ,%o&$% ( %$ #%$+"$

E -7#or"$+" (+"ro ( *+$ or,$+->$!-+ #o(r 7(-r %$ #r(-($ ,+r$($ + %o #ro!o y #o(r !*$+"-;-!$r %$ #r(-($ * -7#-(+ %$ ;-!$!-$ (+"ro ( *+$ #%$+"$ !o+ % ;-+ ( 7$+"+r *+ !o+"ro% $(!*$(o ( %o #ro!o y #o(r $) ,+r$r #roy!"o ( 7'or$. E% O.E.E + * -,%$ + -+,% + *+ -+(-!$(or  ,%o&$% #or!+"*$% * -r8 #$r$ 7(-r %$ ;-!-+!-$ #ro(*!"-8$ ( *+$ #%$+"$ &$'o %o #$r7"ro ( D-#o+-&-%-($( "$$ ( r+(-7-+"o y !$%-($(. L$ -,*-+"

34

;-,*r$ 7*"r$ %$ "r*!"*r$ ( %$ #r(-($ ( *+$ #%$+"$ y %$ ;r7*%$ #$r$ % !%!*%o ( %$ ;-!$!-$ ,%o&$% ( %$ #%$+"$.

35

F-,*r$ . E;-!$!-$ ,%o&$% ( %$ #%$+"$ y "r*!"*r$ ( #r(-($

F*+" MI5OSHI A-+o*. M$=-7->$!-+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ ( #ro(*!!-+. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGP HOSHIN S.L. 16.#. 2.

36

6.1.1.? P-%$r (% TPM. L$ !$$ TPM o (-;-!-o TPM !o7K+7+" (+o7-+$(o  %$ "r*!"*r$ + %$ !*$%  ($rro%%$(o % !o+!#"o (% M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% % !*$% " !o7#*"o #or *+$ "r*!"*r$ o#or"$($ #or !$($ *+o ( %o #-%$r (% TPM %o !*$% ($+ % o#or" #r-+!-#$% ( *+ -"7$ ( ,"-+ ;-!-+" !o7o %o 7*"r$ %$ -,*-+" ;-,*r$. F-,*r$ 3. Lo @ #-%$r (% TPM

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ -+;or7$!-+ (% %-&ro SU4UI To*"$ro. TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.

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M'or$ or-+"$($.

L$ 7'or$ or-+"$($ o+ *+ "-#o ( $!"-8-($( * " +;o!$($ + 7-+-7->$r  %$ #r(-($ $o!-$($ $% #ro!o #ro(*!"-8o 7(-$+" *+ #ro!o -"7"-!o y !o+"-+*o ($rro%%$(o + * 7$yor)$ #or ,r*#o 7*%"-(-!-#%-+$r-o (o+( #ro+$ #!-$%-"$ y !o+ %$ !o%$&or$!-+ ( %o "r$&$'$(or (-r!"$7+" -+8o%*!r$(o $#or"$+ -($ y !o+o!-7-+"o #!);-!o #$r$ %$ $(!*$($ o%*!-+ ( #ro&%7$ +;o!+(o + 7-+-7->$r ( ;or7$ #ro$!"-8$ y !o7o #r-+!-#$% o&'"-8o %$ @ #r(-($ #r-+!-#$% ( *+$ #%$+"$ 7+!-o+$($ + % !*$(ro .

37

L$ $!"-8-($( ( 7'or$ or-+"$($  *+$ #r-or-($( + !*$%*-r #ro,r$7$ ( ($rro%%o TPM y " + %$ !$&!r$ + %o @ ;*+($7+"o (% ($rro%%o TPMJ 10 -+(o $) " #-%$r % ;*+($7+"o #r-+!-#$% + % !*$%  7#->$ $ "r$+;or7$r y 7'or$r *+ $7&-+" $!or( (o+( ( !$8-($( $ !$7&-o -,+-;-!$"-8$7+" -7#or"$+". Lo o&'"-8o #r-+!-#$% ( %$ 7'or$ or-+"$($ o+ %o -,*-+" •

E%-7-+$r ( r$)> %$ !$*$ ,+r$(or$ ( #r(-($ !r+-!$.

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I+!r7+"$r % !o+o!-7-+"o (% *-#o o (% #ro!o

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Co+;or7$r ,r*#o ( 7'or$ !o+"-+*$ * -+8o%*!r $ "o($ %$ or,$+->$!-+.

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M'or$r %$ #ro(*!"-8-($( (% "r$&$'o *7$+o.

E% #ro!o ( ($rro%%o (% #-%$r ( 7'or$ +;o!$($  ;*+($7+"$ + % ($rro%%o ( *+ !-!%o #!);-!o 9PHVA: 9 : #$r"-+(o + % or(+ 9VAPH: !o7o %o 7*"r$ %$ -,*-+" ;-,*r$. ∗

10 -KZT, Koi"i. Me#ora orientada. &-( TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S.., 1995.!. 45.  @  B &$ "i"$o P+A e una erraienta de e#ora "ontinua !ro!ueta !or . ∗

&dJard ein% a !artir de 1950, "onite en 4 !ao( P$aniD"ar @PB, +a"er @+B, AeriD"ar @AB, "tuar @B.

38

F-,*r$ 6. C-!%o VAPH 7'or$ or-+"$($

F*+" C*ro -+"r+o ( -+"r*!"or TPM ,r*#o C$r8$'$%. M'or$ +;o!$($. 912?1 M$yo 2002 C$%- Co%o7&-$:. C*ro ( I+"r*!"or TPM C$%- /$#$+ I+"-"*" o; P%$+" M$-+"+$+ 2002. P. 6.

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M$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o.

E% 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o  *+o ( %o #-%$r &-!o y 7$ -7#or"$+" (+"ro (% #ro!o ( ($rro%%o (% TPM y$ * &r-+($ %$ #o-&-%-($( ( * % #ro+$% ( #%$+"$ -+8o%*!r$(o -+"r$!"* ( ;or7$ !o+"$+" !o+ % *-#o % !*$% o#r$ *"-%->+(o%o $) !o7o rr$7-+"$ #$r$ % $#r+(->$' y $*"o($rro%%o "o(o ;*+($7+"$(o + % !o+o!-7-+"o * % o#r$(or $(*-r #$r$ (o7-+$r %$ !o+(-!-o+ (% *-#o !o+ %$ $(*--!-+ ( "o !o+o!-7-+"o %o o#r$r-o $-7-%$r$+ %$ -7#or"$+!-$ ( 7$+"+r *+ $7&-+" ( "r$&$'o ,r$"o ,*ro y $ %$ 7'or !$%-($( #o-&%. U+ +;o* #$r$%%o * -%*"r$ ( ;or7$ !%$r$ %$ r%$!-+ !o+ *+$ -"*$!-+ $#ro=-7$($ $ %o *  % 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o y %$ !orr%$!-+ !o+ % 7$+"+-7-+"o  % *  -%*"r$ + %$ -,*-+" ;-,*r$. E" +;o*  7*y '7#%-;-!$(o + %$ !*%"*r$ '$#o+$.

39

F-,*r$ <. E% 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o r%$!-+ +"r o#r$(or y 7$+"+-7-+"o.

F*+" C*ro -+"r+o ( -+"r*!"or TPM ,r*#o C$r8$'$%. M$+"+-7-+"o #%$+$(o. 912?1 M$yo 2002 C$%- Co%o7&-$:. C*ro ( I+"r*!"or TPM C$%- /$#$+ I+"-"*" o; P%$+" M$-+"+$+ 2002. P. 2.

Do !%$8 #$r$ ($rro%%$r *+ #ro,r$7$ ;-!$> (% 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o o+ %$ #ro;*+(-($( y %$ !o+"-+*-($(. U+ ;$!"or $(-!-o+$% (!--8o  *+$ #r;!"$ -+",r$!-+ !o+ o"r$ (o $!"-8-($( TPM ;*+($7+"$% %$ 7'or$ or-+"$($ y %$ (*!$!-+ y % +"r+$7-+"oJ 11 ( %$ -+",r$!-+ ;!"-8$ y !o+"-+*-($( ( "o #-%$r  ;*+($7+"$ + %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM. Lo o&'"-8o 7 -7#or"$+" (% #-%$r ( 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o o+ 1. E8-"$r % ("r-oro (% *-#o 7(-$+" *+$ o#r$!-+ !orr!"$ y !o+ % 7$yor  !*-($(o #o-&% #$r$ 7$+"+r $% *-#o + *+ r+(-7-+"o #%+o. 2. R"$*r$r y 7'or$r %$ !o+(-!-o+ +!-$% (% *-#o 7(-$+" *+$ ,"-+ $#ro#-$($ 7'or$+(o $) %$ ,*r-($(. . U"-%->$r % *-#o !o7o -+"r*7+"o #$r$ %$ +$+>$ % $*"o $#r+(->$' y $(*--!-+ ( +*8o !o+o!-7-+"o. 11 ICd., !.87.

40

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M$+"+-7-+"o P%$+-;-!$(o.

E% 7$+"+-7-+"o #%$+-;-!$(o  +or77+" -7#or"$+" #$r$ %$ 8-($ ( %o *-#o " -"7$  "$&%! y ($rro%%$ !o7o #$r" -7#or"$+" #$r$ 7$+"+r %$ "$&-%-($( (% -"7$ #ro(*!"-8o 7(-$+" %$ "$&-%-($( y ;-!-+!-$ ( %o *-#o ,+r+(o $) *+$ #ro!*#$!-+ ( %$ !o+(-!-o+ o#"-7$ ( %o *-#o y ( * #ro!o $ *+ &$'o !o"o "o7$+(o $) 7(-($ #$r$ % ;*"*ro. Co7o 7+!-o+$+ S$-"o y M->*,$- 12 % 7$+"+-7-+"o #%$+-;-!$(o  ,+r$ !o+ % o&'"-8o ( 8-"$r ;$%%o y #r(-($ + % #ro!o "$% !o7o •

F$%%o + %o *-#o y #ro!o * !$*$+ #$r$($.

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 A+or7$%-($( ( !$%-($(.

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 A+or7$%-($( r;r+" $ !o+*7o *+-"$r-o.

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Pro&%7$ ( ,*r-($( y +"or+o.

E% 7$+"+-7-+"o #%$+-;-!$(o  ($rro%%$(o !o+ % $#oyo (% 7$+"+-7-+"o $*"+o7o #or #$r" (% #ro+$% ( ;&r-!$ y %o !o+o!-7-+"o "!+-!o (% (#$r"$7+"o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o ( %$ 7#r$ % !*$% &r-+($ $#oyo $ %$ ,"-+ (% 7$+"+-7-+"o. L$ "r!$ r%$!-+ +"r %o (o (#$r"$7+"o  %$ !%$8 #$r$ * % 7$+"+-7-+"o  r$%-! !o+ ;-!$!-$. •

T-#o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o

E% 7$+"+-7-+"o  #*( !%$-;-!$r + (-;r+" r,)7+ %$ -,*-+" ;-,*r$ ?  -%*"r$ %o 7 *"-%->$(o. L$ (!--+ o&r % "-#o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o $ ($rro%%$r y * #$r" y %*,$r ( * *-#o (& ( r!-&-r * "-#o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o (#+(r ( %$ #o%)"-!$ ( %$ 7#r$. L$ ;-,*r$  7*"r$ *+ '7#%o ( " "-#o ( (!--+. 12 SIT+, Makoto > MIZU)KI, +iao. Manteniiento P$aniD"ado. &-( TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S.., 1995.!.146*147.

41

F-,*r$ ?. T-#o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ &$ + % !$#-"*%o M$o"o y MI4UGAI H-$o. M$+"+-7-+"o P%$+-;-!$(o. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#.13@161.

F-,*r$ @. Mo(%o ( (!--+ (% 7$+"+-7-+"o #%$+-;-!$(o

F*+" C*ro -+"r+o ( -+"r*!"or TPM ,r*#o C$r8$'$%. M$+"+-7-+"o #%$+$(o. 912?1 M$yo 2002 C$%- Co%o7&-$:. C*ro ( I+"r*!"or TPM C$%- /$#$+ I+"-"*" o; P%$+" M$-+"+$+ 2002. #.2.

42

G"-+ "7#r$+$.

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 A 7(-($ * !r! ( ;or7$ !o+"$+" %$ (-8r-;-!$!-+ ( #ro(*!"o y %$ !o7#"+!-$ + % 7r!$(o %$ 7#r$ o#"$+ #or ($rro%%$r +*8$ "r$",-$ y $(*-r-r *-#o !o+ 7$yor ;-!-+!-$ !o+ % ;-+ ( r 7 #ro(*!"-8o y !o7#"-"-8o + % 7r!$(o + % !*$%  (+8*%8+. U+o ( %o o&'"-8o (% TPM  r(*!-r (r"-!$7+" % #%$>o (( % ($rro%%o -+-!-$% $ %$ #ro(*!!-+ + ,r$+ !$%$ y %o,r$r *+ $rr$+* 8r"-!$% 9 :J1. H$y * $,*r$r * %$ $(*--!-+ ( %o +*8o *-#o ( #ro(*!!-+ $ ( ;!-% *o y 7$+*"+!-+ !o+ *+$ $%"$ ;-!-+!-$ y !o+ *+ (-o $#ro#-$(o #$r$ $,*r$r  *+$ 7'or !$%-($( + %o #ro(*!"o. ∗

L$ ,"-+ "7#r$+$  #$r"-!*%$r7+" -7#or"$+" y$ * #r7-" $,*r$r  #ro!o !o+"-+*o + % TPM 7(-$+" %$ $(*--!-+ ( +*8o *-#o %o !*$%  $'*"+ $ %$ +!-($( #r8-$7+" !o+"r*-($ y ($rro%%$($ (+"ro ( %$ $!"-8-($( (% TPM. E% TPM !o+!( -,*$% -7#or"$+!-$ "$+"o $ %$ $(*--!-+ ( +*8o *-#o !o7o $ %$ ,"-+ ( +*8o #ro(*!"o. M$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($(.

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L$ !$%-($( + %o #ro(*!"o o r8-!-o (#+( ( %$ &*+$ ,"-+ y =$!"-"*( ( %o #ro!o #ro $ 7(-($ * !r! % +-8% ( $*"o7$"-7o + %$ -+(*"r-$ y !o+;or7 %o *-#o $*7+ % "r$&$'o ( #ro(*!-r %$ !$%-($( (#+(r =!%*-8$7+" ( %$ !o+(-!-o+ + %$ *  +!*+"r % *-#o. E% #-%$r ( 7$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($(  $ !o+8r"-(o + *+ %7+"o -7#or"$+" (+"ro ( %$ $!"-8-($( (% TPM !*$+"o 7$  $+ $*"o7$"->$(o %$ -+(*"r-$ !o+ 7$yor -+"+-($( $+ o#"$(o #or % TPM ( !$%-($(J 13.

  @ B &$ autor denoina "oo arranue erti"a$ a un arranue r!ido, $ire de ∗

diD"u$tade > "orre"to dede ue e aduieren $o nueo eui!o 13 IS+II, +iaitu. )etiFn te!rana. &-( TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S.., 1995.!. 199.

43

Lo o&'"-8o #r-+!-#$% * r;%'$+ %$ -7#or"$+!-$ (% 7$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($( o+ •

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 A,*r$r %$ !$%-($( (% #ro(*!"o 7(-$+" *+ $(!*$(o 7$+"+-7-+"o ;-!$> (% *-#o. E"$&%!r %$ !o+(-!-o+ #"-7$ (% *-#o y 8-"$r %o (;!"o ( !$%-($( + #ro(*!"o #ro!$(o.  A,*r$r *+ !o+"ro% $(!*$(o o&r %$ 8$r-$&% #r-+!-#$% * $;!"$+ %$ !$%-($( (% #ro(*!"o.

E !%$ro 7+!-o+$r * %$ ;-!$!-$ (% #-%$r ( 7$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($( (#+(r ( %$ !o+(-!-o+ #r8-$7+" "$&%!-($ '!*"$($ y ( %$ ,$+$+!-$ %o,r$($ + %o #-%$r $+"r-or7+" ($rro%%$(o. E% -,*-+" !*$(ro r*7 %$ !o+(-!-o+ #r8-$ y +!-$% #$r$ *+ 7$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($( ;-!-+". C*$(ro 3. Co+(-!-o+ #r8-$ #$r$ *+ 7$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($( ;-!-+"

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ &$ + % !$#-"*%o SETO5AMA 5*o. M$+"+-7-+"o ( !$%-($(. E N TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L 16.#. 2@  2.

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E(*!$!-+ y +"r+$7-+"o.

14 S&TLM, Lkuo. Manteniiento de "a$idad. &-( TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S., 1995.!. 235.

44

U+o ( %o r!*ro 7 8$%-oo ( "o($ or,$+->$!-+ 7#r$r-$%  * r!*ro *7$+o y$ *  + % "$%+"o *7$+o (o+( ;%or!+ y ($rro%%$+ ;-!$>7+" !*$%*-r -"7$ ( ,"-+ 7#r$r-$%. A #$r ( * %$ $*"o7$"->$!-+ + %o #ro!o  $! !$($ 8> 7 8-(+" % r!*ro *7$+o -7#r r +!-$% + !$($ #ro!o ( "r$+;or7$!-+ 7#r$r-$% y$ * !r$r *+ +"or+o $#ro#-$(o (o+(  ;o7+" % !o+o!-7-+"o % $*"o $#r+(->$' y %$ #$r"-!-#$!-+  %$ &$ #$r$ !o+"r*-r *+ -"7$ ( ,"-+ ;-!-+" !o7o % TPM. E% o&'"-8o K%"-7o (% TPM  !r$r +"or+o !or#or$"-8o !$#$! ( r#o+(r #o-"-8$7+" $% !%-7$ !$7&-$+" ( %o +,o!-o %o $8$+! "!+o%,-!o %$ o;-"-!$!-+ ( %o *-#o y %$ -++o8$!-o+ (-r!"-8$J 16 S $! "r-!"$7+" -7#or"$+" * % #ro+$% -+8o%*!r$(o + % #ro!o ( ($rro%%o (% TPM +"-+($ )+"-7$7+" * *-#o y ($rro%% $&-%-($( y !o+o!-7-+"o * $y*(+ $ 7'or$r * +"or+o y %$ !$#$!-($( (% *-#o % !*$% o#r$ y$ * -+ "o(o "o !*$%*-r ;*r>o + % ($rro%%o (% TPM r*%"$r$ (,$"$+" y +o $rro'$r$ r*%"$(o $"-;$!"or-o y ;-!-+". L$ 7'or$ !o+"-+*$ +o o%o  (& -7#%7+"$r + %o #ro!o  (& $#%-!$r  "$+"o + %$ 7+" !o7o + %$ 7$*-+$ #r8-+-+(o $ "o($ !o"$ % "$+!$7-+"o 7+"$%. •

TPM + (#$r"$7+"o $(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyo.

L$ ,"-+ ( -+;or7$!-+ + %$ 7#r$ ($rro%%$($ #or %o (#$r"$7+"o $(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyo  "$ !o+8-r"-+(o oy + ()$ !o7o *+ ' ;*+($7+"$% ( o#or" #$r$ % #ro!o !+"r$% ( %$ 7#r$ y (% ($rro%%o (% TPM "o(o "o ;*+($7+"$(o + 7'or ,"-+ ( ($"o y !o7*+-!$!-o+ * !-r!*%$+ !o+"$+"7+" !o7o *+ #ro!o ( r"ro$%-7+"$!-+ * !o+"r-&*y $ 7'or$r y 7$+"+r % #ro!o #ro(*!"-8o !+"r$% ( %$ or,$+->$!-+.  A "o(o "o $&r)$ * *7$r% % ,r$+ #ro!o ( !$7&-o ( %$ "r$+;or7$!-+ ( %$ "!+o%o,)$ ( %$ -+;or7$!-+ * $y*($ $ 7'or$ ( ;or7$ !o+"$+" % #ro!o ( %$ ,"-+ ( -+;or7$!-+ ( %$ 7#r$ #ro * ( -,*$% 7$+r$ $*7+"$ %$ !$+"-($( 7$-8$ ( %o ($"o $*7+"$+(o $) %$ $!"-8-($( * !o+%%8$ $(7-+-"r$r (-!$ -+;or7$!-+. Co7o (-! H$r$($1< %o (#$r"$7+"o 15 LS+II. !. ;it., !.261. 16 +:, Makoto. TPM en $o de!artaento adinitratio > de a!o>o. &-( TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S., 1995.!.283.

45

$(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyo (&+ ( #r;-%$r *+$ !%$r$ "r$",-$ #$r$ r#o+(r $ " "or&%%-+o ( !$7&-o y $!or"$r (r$7"-!$7+" %o #%$>o ( r#*"$ ( * $!"-8-($( ( ;or7$ ;-!-+" !%$r$ y !o+ %$ 7$yor !$%-($( #o-&%. E #or  "o *  r*-r *+ #ro,r$7$ TPM * $&$r* $ "o($ %$ 7#r$ -+!%*y+(o $ %o (#$r"$7+"o $(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyoJ 1?

F-,*r$ . A!"-8-($( !+"r$% ( %o (#$r"$7+"o $(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyo $!-$ % #ro!o (% TPM

F*+" H$r$($ M$o"o. TPM + %o (#$r"$7+"o $(7-+-"r$"-8o y ( $#oyo. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. M$r* ( C*&$ 16.#.2@6.

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G"-+ ( ,*r-($( y +"or+o.

L$ ,*r-($( y %$ (&-($ %-7-+$!-+ ( $!!-(+" ;*+" ( #o%*!-+ y *+ $(!*$(o -"7$ * !*-( % 7(-o $7&-+" o+ $!"-8-($( !%$8 + *+$ -7#%$+"$!-+ #%+$ (% TPM 7o"-8o #or % !*$%  -7#or"$+" $,*r$r $+" "o(o %$ ;-$&-%-($( ( %o *-#o y 8-"$r %o rror *7$+o. L$ ,*r-($( $+" "o(o  *+$ !o+(-!-+ &-!$ #$r$ % "r$&$'o  #or "o * %$ ,*r-($( -7#r (& r +;$"->$($ + "o(o %o +-8% ( %$ or,$+->$!-+. Lo o&'"-8o 7 -7#or"$+" (% #-%$r ( ,"-+ ( ,*r-($( y +"or+o o+

17 ICd., !. 283.

46

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Pro7o8r y +$r %$ ;-%oo;)$ ( !ro $!!-(+". Lo,r$r * %$ #ro+$ !o7#r+($+ %$ -7#or"$+!-$ ( %$ ,*r-($(. C$#$!-"$r $ %o o#r$(or #$r$ * $+"-!-#+ % #%-,ro y !o+"r-&*y$+ $% $7&-+" 7(-$+" !%$-;-!$!-+ + %$ ;*+". R(*!-r % (#r(-!-o y 7'or$r * !%$-;-!$!-+ !r$+(o +"or+o ( "r$&$'o $%*($&% !o+ % -+(-8-(*o y % 7(-o $7&-+".

E% o&'"-8o K%"-7o (& r !ro $!!-(+" #o%*!-+ y 7+o (#r(-!-o. Co7o (-! S"oy$7$ 1@ E% ($rro%%o  -7#%7+"$!-+ (% #-%$r ( ,*r-($( y +"or+o  8$ '!*"$+(o $ 7(-($ + *  -7#%7+"$ y #r!"-!$ %o (7 #-%$r (% #ro,r$7$ (% TPM %o !*$% !o+"r-&*y+ !o+-(r$&%7+" $ !r$r  *+ +"or+o $+o y $!o,(or %$ ;-,*r$ 10 -%*"r$ *+ -"7$ !o+ "$ -+"rr%$!-+. •

F-,*r$ 10. R%$!-+ +"r % #-%$r ( ,*r-($( y +"or+o y o"r$ $!"-8-($( TPM

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ &$ + % !$#-"*%o SETO5AMA I*o. Cr$!-+ ( *+ +"or+o ,r$"o y ,*ro. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#. 23.

18 S&TLM, Ikuo. ;rea"iFn de un entorno %rato > e%uro. &-( TPM en indutria de !ro"eo. Madrid &!a'a.( T)P*+S+I-, S.., 1995.!.324.

47

6.1.1.@ M(-!-+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM. E% TPM $#$r" ( r *+ -"7$ ( ,"-+ ;-!$>  8-(+" + * r*%"$(o y (&-(o $ *+ #ro!o ;-!-+" ( -7#%7+"$!-+ (% TPM + %$ 7#r$  #o(r 7o"r$r =!%+" r*%"$(o "$+,-&% #or "$+"o  +!-$%  -+(-#+$&% #o(r 7(-r %o r*%"$(o #$r$ 7$+"+r #r7$++"7+" %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( %o ;*r>o $%!$+>$(o (*r$+" % ($rro%%o (% TPM y $) 7$+"+r $% TPM + %$ r*"$ (&-($. Por o  -7#or"$+" "+r + !*+"$ * % ($rro%%o ( -7#%7+"$!-+ $y * 7(-r%o #r-(-!$7+" (*r$+" % ($rro%%o (% #ro,r$7$ TPM y + ;*+!-+ ( %o r*%"$(o -r #r;-%$+(o +*8$ "r$",-$ #$r$ $"-;$!r %o o&'"-8o ($(oJ1   $y * "+r + !*+"$ + 7(-r +o o%$7+" %o r*%"$(o "$+,-&% -+o "$7&-+ #o(r (!r-&-r %o -+"$+,-&% !o7o % 7'or$7-+"o (% +"or+o !*%"*r$% y %$ !$#$!-($( ( %$ #ro+$ $(*-r-($ (*r$+" % #ro!o.  A% 7(-r %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM $y * "+r + !*+"$ %$ -,*-+" #r!$*!-o+ •

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Lo -+(-!$(or (&+ ( 7o"r$r %o r*%"$(o o&"+-(o. Lo -+(-!$(or (&+ r *+ 7(-o ( 8$%*$!-+ ( %o ;*r>o ($rro%%$(o. Lo -+(-!$(or (&+ ( =#o+r %$ 7'or$ +!$r-$ y %$ !o+!+"r$!-+ ( %o ;*r>o (% TPM.

T-#o ( -+(-!$(or. Lo -+(-!$(or !%$8 #$r$ 7(-r %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM o+ !%$-;-!$(o y (!r-"o + % !*$(ro 6. E"o "-#o ( -+(-!$(or o+ $%,*+o ( 7*!o *  #*(+ !-"$r %$ %!!-+ (#+(r (% "-#o ( #o%)"-!$ y o&'"-8o ( %$ 7#r$ y ( %o *  *-r$+ 7(-r y !o+"ro%$r.

19 MI5OSHI A-+7o*. M(-!-+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#.<.

48

 C*$(ro 6. T-#o ( -+(-!$(or !%$8 #$r$ % TPM.

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ &$ + % !$#-"*%o  MI5OSHI A-+7o*. M(-!-+ ( %$ ;-!$!-$ (% TPM. EN TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#.<6??.

49

6.1.2 L$ 6 . L$ 6  o+ *+ 7o(%o ( ,"-+ ( 7'or$7-+"o "$+"o ( %$ #ro(*!"-8-($( !o7o (% +"or+o %$&or$%. Br$+( 20 $r,*7+"$+ * % 7o8-7-+"o ( %$ 6  ;* !r$(o + /$#+ + %o $o 60 y #ro7o8-($ #or %$ Toyo"$ &$'o %$ or-+"$!-+ ( W. E. D7-+, !o7o *+ +;o* ( 7'or$7-+"o ( %o %*,$r ( "r$&$'o y % 7$+"+-7-+"o -+",r$% ( %$ 7#r$ !o+!#"o %-,$(o $ %$ or-+"$!-+ $!-$ %$ !$%-($( "o"$% -+!%*-($ (+"ro ( %o *  !o+o! !o7o 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o o ,7&$ $->+ 9 :. ∗

So+ %%$7$($ %$ 6  y$ * * -+-!-$% #ro8-++ ( 6 #$%$&r$ '$#o+$ * !o7-+>$+ !o+ J. L$ !*$%  -%*"r$+ + %$ -,*-+" ;-,*r$. F-,*r$ 11. L$ 6 .

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ 7$"r-$% (-(!"-!o ( %$ 7"o(o%o,)$ 6  (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. D-8--+ ,"-+ ( !$%-($(.

20 :-, ie%o =ernando. Ta$$er en enii$iGa"iFn en 5  dia!oitiaN. ;a$i, ;o$oia.( I), 2011. ia!oitia. 8.  @  B Pa$ara en #a!on< ue da "oo i%niD"ado e#oraiento "ontinuo, ∗

"on"e!to u> uti$iGado !or $a e!rea orienta$e.

50

6.1.2.1 D;-+-!-+ ( %$ 6 . L$ 6  o+ rr$7-+"$ * !o+"r-&*y+ $% 7'or$7-+"o 7#r$r-$% * (7#o y (;-+-!-+ o+ •

S-r-  C%$-;-!$r.

Co+ "$ #r-7r$ J  !o7-+>$ !o+ %$ or,$+->$!-+ ( %$ r$ ( "r$&$'o !o+ "$ "$#$ ( !%$-;-!$!-+  #r7-" %-7-+$r ( %$ 7-7$ r$ ( "r$&$'o %7+"o -++!$r-o #or 7o"-8o ( o&o%!+!-$ o * +o #r"+!+ $% r$ ( "r$&$'o #r7-"-+(o #$r$r %o * -r8 ( %o * +o -r8 o %o +!$r-o ( %o -++!$r-o. E% S-r- o !%$-;-!$!-+ +o #r7-" 1. D#'$r %$ r$ ( "r$&$'o %-7-+$+(o %7+"o * o&"$!*%->$+ % #$o y % %-&r 7o8-7-+"o ( %o o#r$r-o. 2. E%-7-+$r rr$7-+"$ o -+;or7$!-+ -++!$r-$ * +o #*( !o+(*!-r $ rror ( ,"-+. . R(*!!-+ ( -+8+"$r-o. 3. M'or$r %$ ,*r-($( %-7-+$+(o o (#'$+(o %7+"o ( r$ "r$+-"$&%. •

S-"o+  Or(+.

E% #ro!o ( or(+$r !o+-" + or,$+->$r %o %7+"o *  #*(-ro+ -(+"-;-!$r + %$ J $+"r-or !o7o +!$r-o. E% #ro!o ( or,$+->$r -,+-;-!$ !o%o!$r + or(+ ( 7o(o * "o #ro#or!-o+ *+$ 7'or 8--&-%-($( ( %o o&'"o 7$"r-$% o r$ ( "r$&$'o #$r$ $,*r$r * "o $+ -(+"-;-!$&% ;!-%7+" %o!$%->$&% y +!o+"r$(o + %$ !$+"-($( $(!*$($J 21 . E% S-"o+ * or(+$r +o #r7-"+ 21 ICd., d.35.

51

1. D-#o+r ( %*,$r $(!*$(o #$r$ !$($ *+o ( %o %7+"o (-7-+*y+(o $) %$ &K*($ ( 7$"r-$% o rr$7-+"$. 2. M'or$r %$ -(+"-;-!$!-+ 8-*$% ( %7+"o o *-#o. . I+!r7+"$r % !o+o!-7-+"o ( %o o#r$r-o ( %$ rr$7-+"$ o *-#o * *"-%->$. •

S-o  L-7#->$.

L$ %-7#->$ o S-o -,+-;-!$ ('$r + "$ $(!*$(o "o(o %o %7+"o ( "r$&$'o %-7-+$+(o % #o%8o o %$ *!-($(. E+ *+ r$ ( "r$&$'o %-7#-$  7 +!-%%o ("!"$r -"*$!-o+ $+or7$%J 22  %$ !*$% #or 7(-o ( *+$ -+#!!-+ =$*"-8$ #o(7o -(+"-;-!$r ;*,$ o !*$%*-r -"*$!-+ * ,+r$r  !o+"$7-+$!-+ y $) #o(r%$ %-7-+$r (( * r$)>. Co+ %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ ( "$ J +o #r7-" 7'or$r %$ ,*r-($( (+"ro (% +"or+o $(7 ( $*7+"$r % ,r$(o ( !o+o!-7-+"o * % o#r$r-o $(*-r o&r * *-#o y "+r *+$ 7'or !$%-($( (% #ro(*!"o. •

S-"*  E"$+($r->$r.

E"$+($r->$r o S-"*  %$ 7"o(o%o,)$ * +o #r7-" 7$+"+r %o %o,ro $+"r-or7+" $%!$+>$(o !o+ %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$  #r-7r$ J %o,r$+(o $) 7$+"+r%$ ( ;or7$ $(!*$($. E"$ 7"o(o%o,)$ -7#%-!$ ($rro%%$r  "+($r ( %-7#->$ #$r$ ($rro%%$r #ro!o ( ,"-+ y !o+"ro% ( ;or7$ #r7$++". M(-$+" % ($rro%%o ( "+($r #r7-" o&"+r *+$ 7$yor (-!-#%-+$ #or  #$r" (% o#r$r-o $(7 ( o&"+r *+$ rr$7-+"$ !o+ %$ !*$%  #o(r 8r-;-!$r % #ro!o ( ($rro%%o ( %$ 6 J y$ -7#%7+"$($. •

S-"*  A*"o(-!-#%-+$

22 ICd., d.52.

52

L$ $*"o(-!-#%-+$ -7#%-!$ 7$+"+r *+$ 7+"$%-($( !*%"*r$% (% &-"o ( %$ %-7#->$ y (% +"-(o ( #r"++!-$ ,+r$($ 7(-$+" *+$ #$r"-!-#$!-+ $!"-8$ (% #ro+$% -+8o%*!r$(o + %o #ro!o ( -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$ 6 J. L$ $*"o(-!-#%-+$ !o+%%8$ $ !r$r +"or+o $*"o ,"-o+$&% 7(-$+" %$ #$r"-!-#$!-+ $!"-8$ ( "o(o % #ro+$%. 6.1.2.2 R$>o+ #$r$ %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$ 6 . Lo r*%"$(o ( %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$ 6  o+ $7#%-$7+" 8--&% y #*(+ r #r!-&-(o ( ;or7$ -+7(-$"$ y$ * ,+r$ + % +"or+o *+ ,r$+ !$7&-o "r$+;or7$(o #$!-o ( "r$&$'o *!-o y (or(+$(o + #$!-o %-7#-o y or,$+->$(o $ %$ 7$yor &r8($( #o-&%. Tr$ * -7#%7+"$!-+  #*(+ o&"+r o"ro &+;-!-o !o7o D-7-+*!-+ ( (#r(-!-o.  A#ro8!$7-+"o ( #$!-o. D-7-+*!-+ ( $!!-(+". U+$ 7$yor 7or$% + %o "r$&$'$(or. M$yor ;-!-+!-$ + %$ o#r$!-o+. U+$ 7$yor !$%-($( + %$ o#r$!-o+ y !o7o r*%"$(o *+$ &*+$ !$%-($( + %o #ro(*!"o. 6.1.2. P$o #$r$ -7#%7+"$r %$ 6 . E% ($rro%%o  -7#%7+"$!-+ ( %$ 6  r*-r ( *+$ r-$ ( #$o !o+ % ;-+ ( !r$r *+$ !*%"*r$ -(+$ (o+(  #*($ ;o7+"$r y !r$r *+$ ;-%oo;)$ ( 8-($ (o+( "o(o $#or"+ y  ,+r+ $7&-+" $,r$($&% ( "r$&$'o. L$ -,*-+" ;-,*r$ 7*"r$ %o #$o #$r$ *+$ -7#%7+"$!-+ 6 . F-,*r$ 13. P$o #$r$ -7#%7+"$r %$ 6 .

53

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ &$ BRAND D-,o Fr+$+(o. T$%%r + +-&-%->$!-+ + 6  X(-$#o-"-8$Y. C$%- Co%o7&-$. IGD 2011. D-$#o-"-8$. 226.

6.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL Co+ % ;-+ ( ($r 7$yor o&'"-8-($( y !%$r-($( %!"or$ o&r % "7$ $ ($rro%%$r  + % #roy!"o  $! -+(-#+$&% !o+o!r $%,*+o !o+!#"o r%$!-o+$(o !o+ %o -"7$ ( ,"-+ !o7o % TPM y 6  $ ($rro%%$r + % r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. D-$r  -7#%7+"$r *+ #ro,r$7$ $(7-+-"r$"-8o * ;$!-%-"$ y ,$r$+"->$ %$ #o-&-%-($( ( #ro(*!-r #ro(*!"o !o+ !$%-($( !o+ %$ #$r"-!-#$!-+ $!"-8$ ( "o(o % #ro+$% (( % #r-7r +-8%J2 !o7o % mantenimiento productivo total  9TPM: (+"ro ( *+ r$ !o7o *+ "$%%r -+(*"r-$% (o+(  ;$&r-!$+ #or 7(-o ( %$ %-7-+$!-+ ( 7$"r-$% y$ $ " #or $&r$-+ o $rr$+* ( 8-r*"$ mecanizados (r-8$(o ( $!ro y $%$!-o+ ( 7"$%  %o,r$ o&"+r  &+;-!-o !o7o $*7+"$r % )+(-! ( *+$ r%$!-+ ( %o r*%"$(o o&"+-(o o #ro(*!"o ($rro%%$(o o&r %o r!*ro *"-%->$(o #$r$ o&"+r%o o&"+-+(o 23 SU4UI To*"$ro. TPM + -+(*"r-$ ( #ro!o. M$(r-( E#$$. TGPHOSHIN S.L. 16.#.2.

54

$) 7'or productividad + %$ -7#%7+"$!-+ $(7 ( !o+,*-r + * #ro(*!"o *+$ 7$yor calidad  (;-+-($ !o7o % ,r$(o + !*$% *+$ r- ( !$r$!"r)"-!$ yZo #ro!o !*7#%+ !o+ %o =-,+!-$ #!-;-!$(o #or % !%-+"J23 Lo !*$% 7$+-;-"$+ %o requisitos   (!-r %$ +!-($( y =#!"$"-8$ !o+ r#!"o $% #ro(*!"o r8-!-o o #ro!o. T+-+(o + !*+"$ * %$ !$%-($( (#+( "r$(-!-o+$%7+" ( %$ eficiencia ( %o #ro!o -+(o (;-+-($ "$ !o7o %$ &*+$ (-#o-!-+ ( %o 7$"r-$% #r-+!-#$% !o+ %o !*$%  "r$+;or7$ % #ro(*!"o ;-+$% %o $+"r-or !o+o!-(o !o7o materia prima #ro !o+ % ,r$+ #ro!o ( "r$+;or7$!-+ * " ($+(o %$ $(*--!-+ ( +*8o *-#o * +o +!-"$+ %$ 7$+-#*%$!-+ (% o7&r y * r7#%$>$+ $% 7-7o o7&r %%$7$(o "o(o " #ro!o !o7o automatización   #o(r)$ (!-r * %$ !$%-($( +o (#+(r ( %$ -+"rr%$!-+ ( *+$ r-$ ( $!"-8-($( !o+ *+ o&'"-8o !o7K+ !o+o!-($ "$ !o7o proceso -+o 7 &-+ ( %o equipos %o !*$% !o+"ro%$+ #or 7(-o ( (-#o-"-8o -+"r!o+!"$(o +"r - %o #ro!o #ro(*!"-8o. E+ " or(+ ( -($ y !%$r-;-!$+(o *+ #o!o % +;o* o&r %o *-#o * "-+ % TPM  #o(r)$ ("r7-+$r * 7$+"+r + !o+(-!-o+ -($% y ( &*+ ;*+!-o+$7-+"o $+ "o o#r$"-8o y ,*ro %o *-#o + !*"-+ ( mantenimiento  *+o ( %o #r-+!-#$% +;o* (% TPM y * !o+"r-&*y+ $ ,"-o+$r *+ 7'or control de calidad  (;-+-(o " !o7o *+$ r- ( #ro!o -"7"-!o ,*-(o #or *+$ 7#r$ !o+ % o&'"-8o ( 7$+"+r %o r*--"o 7)+-7o ( !$%-($( "$&%!-(o #or %$ 7-7$ 7#r$J 26. E!o,r * "-#o ( 7$+"+-7-+"o $ '!*"$r o (o+( '!*"$r%o $ " 7(-$+" %$ ,+r$!-+ ( ,r$+( #$r$($ #ro,r$7$($ #$r$ % 7$+"+-7-+"o &$$(o " + "-7#o o + !o+(-!-o+ !o+o!-(o !o7o mantenimiento preventivo  o +!$7-+$(o $ !orr,-r *+$ avería !o+o!-($ !o7o *+$ ;$%%$ o ($o * -7#-( % ;*+!-o+$7-+"o *  #r+" + ("r7-+$(o 7o7+"o !o7o % mantenimiento correctivo,  (#+(r ( %$ +or7$ * or-+"$+ %$ ;or7$ ( #+$r o $!"*$r ( %$ 7#r$ !o+o!-($ "$ !o7o políticas o (% !o+'*+"o #!);-!o ( $&r !r+!-$ y #$*"$ ( !o+(*!"$ ( *+ ("r7-+$(o ,r*#o o!-$% !o+o!-(o "o !o7o cultura. E #or "o * 7$+"+r *+ +"or+o (o+( % #ro+$%  8$%,$ ( ) 7-7o y * +o (#+($ +- r*-r$ $y*($ ( "r!ro ( ;or7$ autónoma y * $(7 "+,$ %$ !$#$!-($( ( inspección  *  24 INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE NORMALI4ACIÓN 5 CERTIFICACIÓN. S-"7$ ( ,"-+ ( %$ !$%-($(;*+($7+"o y 8o!$&*%$r-o. NTCISO 001. Bo,o" D.C. E% I+"-"*"o 2006. < #.

25 ICd., 36 !.

55

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u%a, ;o$oia. ean Manua"turin%. 2012.

59

#ro(*!"-8-($( y 7#>$ro+ $ -+!or#or$r (+"ro ( * or,$+->$!-o+ "!+-!$ ( 7'or$7-+"o !o7o % L$+ M$+*;$!"*r-+, o % TPM $or$(o #or ;-r7$ o +"-($( ="r$+'r$ !o7o % /IPM. E" 7#r$ 7$r!$+ + Co%o7&-$ % -+-!-o ( *+ +*8o +;o* ( 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o !o+"r-&*y+(o ( *+$ * o"r$ 7$+r$ $ $7#%-$r %$ 7+"$%-($( ( %o 7#r$ !o%o7&-$+$ $ -+!or#or$r + * #ro!o "!+-!$ ( 7'or$7-+"o !o7o % TPM 6  y o"ro -"7$ ( 7'or$7-+"o !o7o % #+$7-+"o L$+. Gr$;-!o 6. N-8% ( $(o#!-+ ( "!+-!$ ( ,"-+ + Co%o7&-$.

F*+" C+"ro N$!-o+$% ( Pro(*!"-8-($( &$$(o + "*(-o ( %$ ;-r7$ B$-+ ] Co7#$+y.

L$ -+(*"r-$ 7*%"-+$!-o+$% -7#%$+"$($ + % "rr-"or-o +$!-o+$% $+ !o+"r-&*-(o -,+-;-!$"-8$7+" $% ($rro%%o ( !o+o!-7-+"o ( "!+-!$ ( 7'or$7-+"o !o7o %o  % TPM $% ($rro%%$r *+ !o7#$r$"-8o +"r %$ "!+-!$ ( ,"-+ -7#%7+"$($ #or %$ 7#r$ !o%o7&-$+$ + !o7#$r$!-+ !o+ o"ro #$)  o&r8$ * % *o ( "!+-!$ ( ,"-+ Co%o7&-$ " #or (&$'o ( %$ 7$yor)$ ( %o #$) $ =!#!-+ ( %$ A(7-+-"r$!-+ To"$% ( %$ C$%-($( 9TM:. 60

U+$ #o-&% =#%-!$!-+ (% #or* Co%o7&-$ *"-%->$ 7$ %$ "!+-!$ (% TM * % r"o (% 7*+(o  #or %$ ,r$+ !r!-7-+"o y (-+7-!$ * " ,+r$+(o % ($rro%%o ( "!+-!$ !o7o % S-= S-,7$ 6  y % TPM +"r o"r$ * ( *+o * o"r$ ;or7$ !o+"-"*y+ #$r" ( *+ -"7$ !o7o % TM $(7 ( +o7&r$r  %$ "$$ ( !r!-7-+"o + -7#%7+"$!-+ ( -"7$ ( !$%-($( ( %$ +or7$ ISO. E% -,*-+" ,r$;-!o -%*"r$ " !o7#or"$7-+"o.

Gr$;-!o <. Co7#$r$!-+ ( *o ( "!+-!$ ( ,"-+ +"r Co%o7&-$ y % r"o (% 7*+(o.

F*+" C+"ro N$!-o+$% ( Pro(*!"-8-($( &$$(o + "*(-o ( %$ ;-r7$ B$-+ ] Co7#$+y.

E% I+,. /K Tr!ro N$8$rro 9 : !o7+"$ * %$ #r-7r$ 7#r$ !o%o7&-+$ + -7#%7+"$r + % $o ( 2002 % TPM + %$ -+(*"r-$ ;* % ,r*#o C$r8$'$% * $or$(o #or !o+*%"or (% I+"-"*"o ( M$+"+-7-+"o ( P%$+"$ ( /$#+ 9/IPM: $+ %o,r$(o =#$+(-r $ "o($ * or,$+->$!-+ !o7o B-!o -+"r+$!-o+$% ∗

   -A::, eH Ter"ero. &ntreita !erona$. In%enio Pi"i"i S.. )ua"ari, ∗

;o$oia. 2012.

61

S.A %$ !*$% ;* %$ 7#r$ #-%o"o + -7#%7+"$r % TPM %$ -+!or#or$!-+ (% TPM $ ($(o =!%+" r*%"$(o (+"ro ( "$ or,$+->$!-+ 7#r$r-$% y$ * $ 7'or$ %$ !$#$!-($( ( r#*"$ ( %o *-#o y %$ ;%=-&-%-($( #$r$ $($#"$r $ +*8o !$7&-o (% 7r!$(o. L$ =#r-+!-$ $(*-r-($ + " #ro!o ( -7#%7+"$!-+ $ %%8$(o $ C$r8$'$% $ $or$r o"r$ or,$+->$!-o+ !o7o % I+,+-o M$+*%-"$ % !*$%  +!*+"r$ + #ro!o ( -7#%7+"$!-+ (% TPM. E% Gr*#o N*"r$ #or * #$r" + %$ +!-($( ( !*-($r * $!"-8o $y*($(o #or  *+$ ;-r7$ ( $or $r,+"-+$ -+!or#or$ % #ro,r$7$ (% TPM + %$ 7#r$ Mo%-+o S$+"$ M$r"$ *&-!$(o + %$ !-*($( ( B*,$ % !*$% $ !o+"r-&*-(o ( ;or7$ #o-"-8$ $ !r$r 7'or %*,$r ( "r$&$'o y 7'or$r %$ ;-!-+!-$ + "o(o * #ro!o !o7o (-! %$ I+,+-r$ C%$*(-$ M$r)$ R)o9 : -+!or#or$r + +*"ro #ro!o % TPM +o $+ !o+"r-&*-(o + 7'or$r %$ ;-!-+!-$ ( %o #ro!o $(7 ( #o(r =#$+(-r +*"ro 7r!$(o $ 7#r$ ( "$%%$ -+"r+$!-o+$% !o7o N"% y$ * !r+ + % !o7#ro7-o ( +*"r$ !$%-($(. L$ 7#r$ "$ -7#%7+"$(o % TPM #or "$#$ y $"$ % #r+" $ !r"-;-!$(o 3 ( %$ 10 #r8-"$ #$r$ %$ !*%7-+$!-+ (% #roy!"o. ∗

Lo * !o+!-r+ $ -+,+-o $>*!$rro o+ #o!o %o -+,+-o * $+ -+!or#or$(o #ro,r$7$ !o7o % TPM (+"ro ( * #ro!o % -+,+-o M$+*%-"$  *+o ( %%o % !*$% (( % $o 2010 (!-(- $or$r #or % ,r*#o C$r8$'$% y $ !o7+>$(o " !$7-+o $!-$ % #ro,r$7$ TPM. 6.3.2 D$rro%%o ( #roy!"o + % I+,+-o P-!-!-. E+ % I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.  $+ ($rro%%$(o *+$ r- ( "r$&$'o ( ,r$(o y #roy!"o * #r7-"+ (( !*$%*-r #*+"o ( 8-"$ (% !o+o!-7-+"o o&"+r &+;-!-o y ($rro%%$r  $) % #ro!o ( ,"-+ ( 7'or$ !o+"-+*$. A !o+"-+*$!-+  r%$!-o+$+ %o "r$&$'o ( ,r$(o r%$!-o+$(o !o+ " "r$&$'o ( ,r$(o ($rro%%$(o + % -+,+-o %o !*$% ;*ro+ !o+*%"$(o + % -"7$ -+;or7"-!o ( &-&%-o"!$ ( %$ D-8--+ G"-+ ( C$%-($( (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. C$& 7+!-o+$r $(7 * %$ 7#r$ 8-+ -7#%7+"$(o (( $! 10 $o % #ro,r$7$ ( %$ 6  (+"ro (% -+,+-o $%!$+>$+(o 7*y &*+o r*%"$(o + (-;r+" r$ ( %$ or,$+->$!-+. T)"*%oD-o  -7#%7+"$!-+ (% TPM #$r$ %$ !+"r-;*,$ ( 7$$ #r-7r$ + % I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.  @ B :IS, ;$audia MarCa. Aiita e!rearia$ Mo$ino Santa Marta. )uada$a#ara de ∗

u%a, ;o$oia. I!$eenta"iFn de$ TPM. 2012.

62

 A*"or

Nor&y Ar-$ Br-"o /o H$r8y B$rrr$.

 Ao

2000 U+-8r-($( (% V$%%.

R*7+

E% "r$&$'o r$%->$(o + % r$ ( !+"r-;*,$ ( #r-7r$ (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. !o+-"- + ($rro%%$r %$ "r*!"*r$ $(7-+-"r$"-8$ (% TPM &$'o %o !o+!#"o (% $*"or V-!+" ;$%!o+- !o+ %o !*$%  #r"+(- ="+(r !o7o 7o(%o #$r$ r -7#%7+"$(o + %$ (7 r$ #ro(*!"-8$ (% -+,+-o -+(o " +;o* 7*y #o!o $(o#"$(o #or %$ (-r!"-8$ (% -+,+-o y %o o#r$r-o. E% "r$&$'o !o+"r-&*yo $ r;or>$r $%,*+$ $!"-8-($( ($rro%%$($ (+"ro (% 7$+"+-7-+"o #%$+$(o ( %$ 7#r$ + % r$ !$o ( "*(-o.

T)"*%o

E% 7$+"+-7-+"o #ro(*!"-8o "o"$% !o7o *+ #ro,r$7$ * !o+"r-&*y $ 7'or$r % r+(-7-+"o ,%o&$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.

 A*"or

M$r"$ B$%$ C$8$rro /o+ Fr+$+(o E!8rry.

 Ao

2001 I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A

R*7+

E" #roy!"o (!r-& % ($rro%%o ( *+ 7o(%o ( %$ "or)$ (% 7$+"+-7-+"o #ro(*!"-8o "o"$%. S "r$"$ ( *+ -"7$ ( 7$+"+-7-+"o * "-+ + !*+" %$ !$%-($( "o"$% (% 7$+"+-7-+"o + * #ro&%7$ &-!o ( (-#o+-&-%-($( + %o *-#o %o !o"o %o "-7#o ( r#$r$!-+ %$ ,*r-($( ( %$ #ro+$ y ( %o *-#o !o+ % o&'"-8o ( $*7+"$r % r+(-7-+"o ,%o&$% ( %$ 7#r$. E" #roy!"o +o  $ '!*"$(o $"$ %$ ;!$ (+"ro (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.

T)"*%o

D-o  -7#%7+"$!-+ (% #ro,r$7$ *,-r + % r$ ( %$&or$!-+ (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.

 A*"or

L-+$ Ro!- O&r,+ Mo+(r$,+.

 Ao

2001 U+-($( C+"r$% (% V$%% (% C$*!$.

R*7+

E" #roy!"o #r7-"- "r*!"*r$r *+ -"7$ (% 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o !o+ % !*$%  $#ro8!$&$+ %o !o+o!-7-+"o  -($ ( %o 7#%$(o #$r$ $&or($r #ro&%7$ ro%8r%o o 7'or$r%o #or  7(-o ( %$ "-7*%$!-+ y %$ #$r"-!-#$!-+ $!"-8$ ( !$($ *+o ( %o 7#%$(o. E $) !o7o " #ro,r$7$ ( *,r+!-$  $ !o+8r"-(o oy + ()$ + #$r" -+",r$% (% 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+*o 63

or-+"$(o $% -+(-8-(*o o;r!-+(o *+ 7(-o #$r$ !$+$%->$r %$ -($ * #ro#o+,$+ %o "r$&$'$(or +7$r!$($ + 7'or$r %o #ro(*!"o r8-!-o !o+(-!-o+ ( "r$&$'o r(*!!-+ ( !o"o "!. T)"*%o

D-o  -7#%7+"$!-+ ( *+ #ro,r$7$ ( !o"o ( +o !$%-($( + % r$ ( !+"r-;*,$ ( 7$$ #r-7r$ + % I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.

 A*"or

A+$ M$r)$ L#> B$"r-> Mo+"oy$.

 Ao

2000 U+-8r-($( (% V$%%.

R*7+

E" "*(-o !o+"7#%$ % (-o ( *+ 7o(%o ( !o"o ( !$%-($( #$r$ ( !+"r-;*,$ ( #r-7r$ (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. (*r$+" % #r-o(o ( *+ $o 8-(+!-$+(o %o r*&ro o!*%"o y $ %$ 8> !o+"r-&*y+(o !o+ %$ r(*!!-+ ( (-!o !o"o !o+ % o&'"-8o (% -+!r7+"o ( %$ #ro(*!"-8-($(.

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D-o  -7#%$+"$!-+ (% +;o* -"7-!o ( %$ "or)$ ( r"r-!!-o+ #$r$ % 7'or$7-+"o !o+"-+Ko ( %$ o#r$!-o+ + % I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.

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2001 U+-($( C+"r$% (% V$%% (% C$*!$.

R*7+

E+ " #roy!"o  *"-%->$ro+ 6 rr$7-+"$ 9N*& Ár&o% ( %$ r$%-($( Ár&o% ( %$ r$%-($( ;*"*r$ Ár&o% ( #rrr*--"o y Ár&o% ( "r$+-!-+: * !o+"-"*y+ %$ 7"o(o%o,)$ ( %$ Tor)$ ( R"r-!!-o+ ( Po%)"-!$ #$r$ - #o(r !o+""$r %,-!$ y -"7"-!$7+" "r #r,*+"$ +!-$% #$r$ !*$%*-r #ro!o ( 7'or$7-+"o * !$7&-$r #$r$ * !$7&-$r y !o7o -+(*!-r $% !$7&-o.

6.6 MARCO TECNOLÓGICO U+ !o+'*+"o ( rr$7-+"$ y *-#o #r-,*+ %$ +!-($( ( ($rro%%$r  #ro(*!"o ( %$ 7$yor !$%-($( $% 7+or "-7#o #o-&%. E #or "o %$ -7#or"$+!-$ ( %$ "!+o%o,)$ y %$ $*"o7$"->$!-+ + !*$%*-r #ro!o y$ * $y*($ $ "+r  *+$ 7'or #ro(*!!-+ $% 7+or !o"o #o-&%.

64

Por 7(-o (% #r+" "r$&$'o % !*$% "$ ;o!$%->$(o + %o *-#o y 7$*-+$  &*!$ 7'or$r %$ !o+(-!-o+ "$+"o o#r$"-8$ !o7o ( ,*r-($( ( !$($ *+o ( %o *-#o *  +!*+"r$+ (+"ro (% r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% !o+ % ;-+ ( 7'or$r * (7#o y ;-$&-%-($( $(7 ( * -r8$ !o7o *+ -+"r*7+"o #$r$ % $#r+(->$' y % !o+o!-7-+"o (% *-#o % !*$%  o#r$. E #or "o * + %$ #ro(*!!-+ ( 7!$+->$(o (+"ro (% r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$%  -(+"-;-!$+ *+$ r- ( 7$*-+$ rr$7-+"$ *"-%->$($ #$r$ %$ (-;r+" $!"-8-($( ( 7!$+->$(o o 7$*-+$ #$r$ % "r$+#or". •

Tor+o -+(*"r-$%. Lo "or+o o+ *+ "-#o ( 7*-+$ rr$7-+"$ *"-%->$($ + %$ -+(*"r-$ 7"$%Kr,-!$ #$r$ % 7!$+->$(o ( #->$ #or 7(-o ( $rr$+* ( 8-r*"$ ( ;or7$ ,o7"r-!$ + #->$ #r;$&r-!$($ + (-;r+" "-#o ( 7"$% y !o+ (-;r+" (*r>$. E"$ 7*-+$ rr$7-+"$ o#r$ $!-+(o ,-r$r %$ #->$ ( ;or7$ or->o+"$% $ *+$ 8%o!-($( ("r7-+$($ 7-+"r$ * *+ %7+"o !or"$+" %%$7$(o &*r-%  7#*'$ ( ;or7$ !o+"$+" !o+"r$ %$ #->$ !or"$+(o 8-r*"$ y !o+-,*-+(o $) *+$ (-7+-o+ ( $!*r(o $ %$ +!-"$($. D+"ro (% r$ ( "$%%r -+(*"r-$%  +!*+"r$+ 6 "or+o %o !*$% 8$r)$+ ( $!*r(o $ * 8%o!-($( !$#$!-($( y #r!--+ #ro "o(o "-++ % 7-7o o&'"-8o ( o#r$!-+. C*$(ro <. Tor+o -+(*"r-$%

F*+" E% $*"or !o+ ;o"o (% r$ ( T$%%r -+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A.

65

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Fr$(or$. L$ ;r$(or$  *+ "-#o ( 7*-+$ rr$7-+"$ *"-%->$($ #$r$ $!r  7!$+->$(o 7(-$+" $rr$+* ( 8-r*"$ 7(-$+" % 7o8-7-+"o ( *+ %7+"o ( !or" %%$7$(o ;r$ %$ !*$% ,-r$ (#+(-+(o (% $!$&$(o * o#r$r-o *-r$ !o+,*-r y$ $ " *+ 7!$+->$(o #%$+o *+ r$+*r$(o *+ "$%$(r$(o o *+ ro!$(o. Fo"o 1. Fr$(or$ I+(*"r-$%.

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M$*-+$ ro!$(or$ L$ 7$*-+$ ro!$(or$  *+$ 7*-+$ rr$7-+"$ * 7(-$+" *+ 7o8-7-+"o !-r!*%$r ;-'o r$%->$ 7(-$+" % $rr$+* ( 8-r*"$ ro!$(o $ "*&o !-%)+(r-!o (#+(-+(o ( %$ (-7+-+ *  r*-r$. Fo"o 3. M$*-+$ ro!$(or$.

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"r$+8r$% !o+ % o&'"-8o ( $%7$!+$r o "r$%$($r %7+"o 7!$+->$(o o %7+"o #r;$&r-!$(o %-"o $ 7!$+->$r. Fo"o ?. P*+" ,rK$.

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6.< MARCO LEGAL E+ Co%o7&-$ +o =-" *+$ +or7$"-8-($( %,$% * r,*% #ro#-$7+" % ($rro%%o y $#%-!$!-+ ( *+ -"7$ ( ,"-+ !o+ % M$+"+-7-+"o Pro(*!"-8o To"$% 9TPM: 7$ -+ 7&$r,o y "+-+(o + !*+"$ * % TPM  r%$!-o+$ !o7o *+ -"7$ (o+( #$r"-!-#$ "o(o % #ro+$% y r#!"$ y 7'or$ %$ -+",r-($( (% "r$&$'$(or y %$ !$%-($( (% #ro(*!"o " -"7$  r%$!-o+$ o ;*+($7+"$ !o+ %$ -,*-+" +or7$ o ro%*!-o+ %$ !*$%  7*"r$+ + % -,*-+" !*$(ro +o7o,r$7$.

70

C*$(ro . Nor7o,r$7$ (% #roy!"o.

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71

<. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO <.1 UNIDAD DE ANALISIS E% "r$&$'o r $#%-!$(o + % r$ ( T$%%r I+(*"r-$% (% I+,+-o P-!-!- S.A. *+$ 7#r$ ((-!$($ $ %$ ;$&r-!$!-+ y !o7r!-$%->$!-+ ( #ro(*!"o (r-8$(o ( %$ !$$ ( $>K!$r * ,$r$+"->$ $ * !%-+" #ro(*!"o ( =!%+" !$%-($(. U&-!$(o + % V$%% (% C$*!$ 8)$ P$%7-r$  B*,$ $ 6 7. $% or-+" (% !orr,-7-+"o ( So+o.

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. RECURSOS DISPONIBLES

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