HYRJE NË DIPLOMACI DHE POLITIKE TË JASHTME

Jmko}

:6=6 Vzgi. Mxx. Lz. J`coa Jmko}o

B_ZD@ NÃ LOVKGAMHO LB@ VGKO\OC@ \Ã DMXB\A@

Mxx.Vzgi.Lz.J`coa Jmko}o


:



\ã lz`d|m| mp|gzomk` |ã xb|vd`x+cgvdoao| lb` xbpaã toao| o ajmn y`|ãa mp|gzo lb` k`dgb`n y`|ãa a` xbczoa nem mnm ` mp|gzo|. Åimzãlg xbc`kd` `y`n |pmk` lg |ã }gn n` vãzedèd ãxo koedgz`. koedgz`. Vzgi.Lz.xh.J`coa Vzgi.Lz.xh.J`coa Jmko}o ¯ V z ox ox b |o |o n ã + : 6 = 6

8



Vãzajmd|dm =. Bzd` :. Ndã yãxb|zoa o xbcpz|ãz ajo Amzzãlbãno`| Nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` Lovkgamhonã. m. Czodoao o Xox|ào Nlãzcgajã|mz lb` lb ` Vmzoao o Xgyzmno|`|o| j. Cgnez`xo o Yd`nãx h. Kolbdm ` Cgaj`y` lb` \zmc|m|o o Y`zxmdãx l. Cgny`n|m ` Agn|`yol`gx `. Cgaj`| ` Jmxbcpmzm 8. \`gzo|ã ` amzzãlbãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz`. m. Koj`zmkotao j. Z`mkotao h. Cgnx|zpc|oyotao <. @ygkpoao o Cgnh`v|o| |ã Xgyzmno|`|o| nã AN. 0. Vgko|ocm ` Dmxb|a` lb` Lovkgamhom. m. Åcm ãxb|ã vgko|ocm ` dmxb|a`7 j. Åcm ãxb|ã lovkgamhom7 9. Gzemnotm|m| nlãzcgajã|mz` 5. Bzd` nã Lovkgamhonã Vpjkoc` m. Åcm ãxb|ã L. V7 j. Xo lmkkgb`| L. V nem Lovkgamhom |zmlohgnmk`7 h. Lovkgamhom Cpk|pzgz` l. Vãzcpiotoao o Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` `. Åcm dmnã Cgavgn`n|ã| lb` Cmzmc|`zox|ocm| Cm zmc|`zox|ocm| ` Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc`7 i.

@kà`n|`| vãzjãzãx` |ã Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc`

2. Lovkgamhom Cpk|pzgz` ?. Amzzãlbãnom a` Vpjkocpn lb` Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc`. e. ‛Vzgvmemnlm‑ lb` VZ!amnom b. Kgjoao o.

Xi`zm| lb` Loa`nxogn`| ` Lovkgamhoxã.

=6. Czodoao o Oamtbo| ==. Vãzajk`lbd` =:. Jojkogezmiom.

<



0



=. B_ZD@ Zãnom ` xox|ào| cgapnox| nã iokkoa |ã yo|`y` nãn|ãlbd`|m+ km vmx y`|`x dg y`|ãa ndã ymcpa |ã zz`tocxbãa xbg}ãzgzg!vgko|oc vgz }gd `lb` |` xbvãzjãzdm ` xb|`|`y` xbpaãcgajãxb`+ xoå oxbon Jmxbcoao Xgyd`|oc+ Å`cgxkkgymcom lb` Dpegxkkmyom. Nã ymtblãn ` cã|z` vzgh`x`y` coxb|` ndã ymze x`h`xogn`xb lb` xbvãzjãzd` xb|`|`xb xbpaãcgajãxb`+ z`xv`c|oyoxb| nlglb`n kpi|ãzm |ã vãzedmcxba` vãz y`|ãy`nlgxd` lb` vmymzãxoa+ }ã xo z`tpk|m| vm|ãn czodoaon ` xb|`|`y` |ã z`dm. Cãxb|p xb|`|`| ` xmvgigzapmzm+ vãzy`å |d`zmxb+ p jmkkmim}pmn jmkkmim}pmn x` xbv`d|o `lb` a` n`ygdãn ` vãzhmc|oao| |` ndã vgko|oc` |ã dmxb|a` |ã z`+ ` hokm lg |ã lpb`d |` o ajzgn|` on|`z`xm| cgajã|mz` lb` vãzim}ãxgn|` y`nlon nã mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz. Aozãvg+ cã|g xb|`|` jmkkmim}gb`xbon iokkoaoxb| a` `lb` ndã vzgjkà |d`|ãz+ m|ã |ã ndgbd`x nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` kèdo|oao|`|o| nem xb|`|`| |d`zm+ xo xb|`|` |ã vmymzpzm lb` xgyzmn` a` |` lz`d|m |` jmzmjmz|m lb` |ã ndgbpzm nlãzcgajã|mz`. Vãzy`å yãxb|ozãxoy`

nã

cgnxgkoloaon

`

onx|o|phogn`y`

lb`

vzgjkà`y`

nã

làgczm|otoaon ` y`nlo|+ xbpaohm ` cã|z` y`nl`y` ed`nl`xbon nã ndã xo|pm|` cz`d|ãxoxb| |ã z` nã vgko|oc`n lb` amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz`. Cã|g xb|`|` lpb`d |ã bmz|gnon x|zm|èdom lb` vgko|ocm |ã z`dm cmzxbo xb|`|`y` |d`zm lb` åãxb|d`y` |ã nlzxba`+ |ã hokm| nlzxbgnon |b`kkãxoxb| nem cgbm ` Kpi|ãx xã I|gb|ã lb` xox|ào| jovgkmz+ }ã oxb|` xox|ào lgaonp`x nlãzcgajã|mz. Jg|m ed`nl`d nã ndã xo|pm|ã xbpaã a` cgavk`cx` lb` xbpaã aã |ã nlãzkolbpz x`xm cpzlg b`z` a` vmz`+ n` ed`nlào nã cgb`n ` ‛ixbm|o| ekgjmk‑ ` hokm |mxbaã ol`n|oiocgb`| xo ekgjmkotoa. Edo|bmxb|p npazo o xb|`|`y` a` xox|à vgko|oc |` jmtpmz n` làgczmhonã koj`zmk` a` ted`lbd` |` kozm ` làgczm|oc`+ a` kozo |` xbvz`bd`x lb` xb|vo|+ a` `cgngao |` |zèp| |` koz` lb` a` xpnloa |` koedo| ãxb|ã zzo|pz lpcxbãa n` yo|`| ` ipnlo|. Vãz cã|ã ikmxon+ vãzy`å |d`zmxb+ `lb` zmvgz|`| ` gzemnotm|my` |` xbpa|`+ xo v.xb mdg ` Iz``lgabgpx`+ xovmx x` hokãx n` yo|on :66? <9% gx` 2? xb|`|` dmnã |ãzãxoxb| |` kozm+ 9: mvg 8:% vd`xãzoxb|+ nlãzxm ::% mvg <:

xb|`|`

npc

cgnxol`zgb`n

|`

kozm

xocpzx`

y`nl`|

làgczm|oc`.=

Làgczm|otoao }gn n` zìgzam |` jz`nlxba` vãzajmd|d`xgz`+ ` n` c`|ã aãnzã =

Xbob` |` lb`nm| ` Zmvgz|o| nem Iz``lgabgpx` n`4 . b||v4''uuu.iz``lgabgp b||v4''uuu.iz``lgabgpx`.gze'pvkgmlx'i x`.gze'pvkgmlx'iou6?'IOU6? ou6?'IOU6?W\mjk`x)EzmvbxIgzU W\mjk`x)EzmvbxIgzU`j.vli `j.vli

9



mzzob`| ndã vãzaozãxoa o lpcxbãa `lb` n` tbyokkoaon ` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` lb` lovkgamhoxã xo z`tpk|m| o vmz|ohovoao| |` }|`|mz`y` lb` nlocoao| |ã gvonogno| vpjkoc nã y`nloaamzzd`. y`nloaamzzd`. Ndã zoxo nã vgko|ocãn ` dmxb|a` lb` nã lovkgamho+ ãxb|ã vmlxboa zgko o |`cngkgedoxã onigzam|oy`+ xb|oao lb` xb|zozdm ` a`lo`y`+ xo `k`c|zgnoc` mxb|p `lb` |` xb|vpzm+ ` a` cã|g `lb` zãnlãxom ` nlocoao| |` gvonogno| vpjkoc n` czodoaon ` vgko|ocmy` |` dmxb|a` lb` n` vpnãn ` lovkgam|`y`. Ndã nghogn o hoko |`n|gn |‟ o vãzixbon cã|g tbyokkoa` lb` }` cã|g |‟o xbiz|ãtgd n` imygz |` lovkgamhoxã+ ndob`| vãzedo|bãxoxb| xo Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc`. Cdg lg |` |bg|` x` y`vzoao lovkgam|oc cm `ygkpmz n` igzam |` z`dm+ cp Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc` mvg mdg Cpk|pzgz` j`dn` vd`x` n` vãzxbczoaon ` cã|z` mc|oyo|`|`y` lovkgam|oc`. Nã ko|`zm|pzãn xbc`nhgz` n` cã|ã |àã vãzcm|ãx` nã edpb`n xb}ov` `nl` npc `ctox|gn mxndã |zmd|oa xbc`nhgz mvg amld` `lb` vpjkohox|oc |` cãxmd ipxb` x|ploao+ xocpzx` `lb` }` ãxb|ã `lb` xo cgnh`v| cgnh`v| mvg xo nghogn xbpa` vmc o ndgbpz xo vãz vpjkocpn ` ed`zã mxb|p `lb` vãz m|ã mcmlàoc. Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc` cm |` j`d` a` a`nmrboaon ` onigzam|my`+ nedmzd`y` lb` vocãvmad`y` n` lb` vãz gvonognon vpjkoc nlãzcgajã|mz. Cdg nlglbã nã cggzlonoa mvg a` nlobaãn+ }gi|ã |ã lz`d|vãzlz`d| mvg |ã |ãz|bgz|ã+ |ã vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a` |ã ndã xb|`|o. Lovkgamhom vpjkoc` ãxb|ã ndã nem åãxb|d`| aã |ã xvocm|pzm |ã cgapnocoao| vgko|oc lb` ndã nem `kà`n|`| a` }`nlzgz` |` mc|oyo|`|`y` lovkgam|oc` nã cã|ã xb`cpkk. Vocãnoxdm lb` mzx`dm }`nlzgz` ` Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã zzd`lbm ` onigzam|oy` lb` ol`y` |` vãzåpmzm nem ndã xb|`| mvg gzemnotm|ã on|`znmhognmk` n` mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz`+ lpc` vãzixbozã a` cã|ã mcxogn dg y`|ãa }`y`zo|ã vgz `lb` vpjkocpn ` ed`zã. Nã Pnoy`zxo|`|`| ` nlzxba` nlzxb a` jg|ãzgz` Lovkgamhom Lovkgamho m Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã kãnlã ` hokm x|plogb`| nã cpmlãz |` Amzzãlbãno`y` Nlãzcgajã|mz`+ ` y`åmnãzoxb| edm|` cãzcoa`y` vãz vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` |` nlgndã xb|`|o mvg loxm xb|`|`y` |ã hmc|pmzm. Ndã vmx}zoa o xbcpz|ãz o tbyokkoao| |ã AN lb` lovkgamhoxã ãxb|ã vzmnlmd ` ndã zãnlãxo` zãnlãxo` |ã y`åmn|ã.

5


:.

Ndã

yãxb|zoa


o

xbcpz|ãz

ajo

Amzzãlbãno`|

nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` Lovkgamhonã. Amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz`+ nlãzcgajã|mz`+ xo ipxb` x|ploao nã cpmlãz |` xbc`nhmy` vgko|oc`+ cmnã |ã jãdnã a` zmvgz|`| aolox }`y`zoy` |` xb|`|`y` lb` a` imc|gzã| |d`zã nã vgko|ocãn

nlãzcgajã|mz`+

xo

gzemnotm|m|

`

nlzxba`

nlãz}`y`zo|mz`+

dg}`y`zo|mz`+ zèdognmk`+ ekgjmk` vgz `lb` a` cgzvgzm|m| ` xbpa|m apk|onmhognmk`. Cã|g vãzixbodnã ndã agzo nlãzamzzd`xb lb` y`vzoa|mzoxb+ a`x y`nl`xb lb` gzemnotamxb |` nlzxba`4 xoå dmnã lovkgamhom+ amzzãlbãno`| `cgngaoc` ` |zè|mz`+ mk`mnhm| n` ipxbãn ` xoepzoxã+ vd`xãamzzd`n n` gzemnotm|m| nlãz}`y`zo|mz`+ xbcãajoa`| cpk|pzgz` ` mcmlàoc` lb` n` xbpa` ipxbm |d`zm.

Czodoao o Xox|ào Nlãzcgajã|mz lb` Vmzoao o Xgyzmno|`|o|. Xo zzd`lbgd` ` xb`cpkkmzotoao| |` xbg}ãzoy` v`zãnloagz` cmb a`xo o xb`cpkko| RYOO ‘|ã lb` bpajd`x xã lgaonoao| vgko|oc |ã Coxbãx cm|gkoc` n` @yzgvã+ xolgagx vmx Vm}`x x` Y`x|imkoxã!=9<2+ lb` n` cgn|`cx|on ` Okpaonotao| iokkgdnã jg|ãcpv|oa`| i`|mz` |` amzzon edo|bndã ` a` xbpaã cmzmc|`zon ` åãxb|d`x vzoym|` x`xm xo z`nl xbg}ãzgz ` vgko|oc o lgaonpmz nem vpxb|`|o z`koedogt. N` cã|ã m|agxi`z` |` cgnikoc|`y` |` mxbvzm+ vgz `lb` |` czotãx x` vpxb|`|o| |` coxbãx lb` ajz`|o|+ iokkpmn ol`gkgedo|ã ` z`dm vgko|oc` |` ` vãzajpxb`n ndã tjzmt`| }` km vmx y`|o jg|ãcpv|oao i`|mz lb` kèdo|oaoao agnmzcox| o vgko|oc`x. Vzmnlmd oxb|` n`ygd` oa`lom|` ` cgbãx+ igzaoao o ndã z`nlo lb` gzemnotoao |` zo xbg}ãzgzã ` vgko|oc+ vzm `lb` |` czodoao| |` xb|`|o| agl`zn gx` cgaj!xb|`|o|. Cãxb|p tmnmiokkãn xb|`|o vgz `lb` cgajo "agl`zn/+ ` coxbon n` @yzgvãn ` xb`cpkko| |` RYOOO!|`+ agl`k`| ` nlzxba` |` x` hokãx p `cxvgz|pmn a` ygn` `lb` n` ajmz` zzptpkkon |gcãxgz. Cãxmd o vmzmvzop `lb` nlãzzoao zmlocmk o cgnh`v|oao| |ã xb|`|o| agl`zn lb` nlmzd`x xã vpxb|`|o|+ nem ndã iokgtgio vgko|oc` okpaonox|`+ vzgagypmz vz`d Nocgkkm Amcomy`ko|+ \gamx Bgjxo|+ Rbgn Kgcp|+ @amnp`k Cmn|o+ Izo`lzohb Bè`ko+ Tbmn Tbmc Zpxgo ` l`zo |` Agn|`xcd`p. Agn|`xcd`p. Aozãvg Aozãvg z`ko`yo vgko|oc n` @yzgvãn ` mxmd cgb` oxb|` xbpaã o vãzto`z ` b`|`zged`n nm mxv`c|on ` 2



zzèpkkoao| |`zzo|gzomk |ã ndãxoy` vgko|oc`. Xbc`nhã|mzo o ndgbpz mnek`t Åmzkx \okko vgbgn x` n` @yzgvãn a`xd`|mz`+ l`zo cmb xb`c. RY!RYO+ coxb|` zz`|b 066 ndãxo |` nlzxba` vgko|oc`+ }ã oxbon n` igzaã v`zmnlgzoxb+ ajz`|ãzo mjxgkp|` ` |` |zmxbãepmzm+ gzemnotoao ioxngz`+ lpcm|`+ }|`|`!xb|`|` |` kozm `|d. C|b`x` vmzmloeam|oc` n` box|gzonã agl`zn` |` amzzãlbãno`y` amzzãlbãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz` oxb|` \zmc|m|o o Y`x|imkoxã nem yo|o =9<2+ ` hokm vmxgo vmx Kpi|ãx \zolbd`|ãyd`åmz` nlãzad`| V`zmnlgzoxã x` Xb`nd|` Zgamc` "n` |`zzo|gzon ` xg|ãa |` Ed`zamnoxã/ lb` zoymk`y` |` y`|. Cdg kpi|` oxb|` ` y`xbpz a` v`|cpn ` cgnikoc|`y` i`|mz` nlãzad`| igzhmy` cm|gkoc` n` ndãzãn mn` lb` m|z` vzg|`x|mn|` n` mnãn |d`|ãz. Vgz n` `x`nhã+ iãzcoa`| cgnikoc|pgt` |ã aãb`zxba` z`koedogt` nlãzad`| |z` coxbon vzmvmyod` vgko|oc` lb` cmzmc|`z bèdàgnomk. @ hokm oxb|` xo vmxgdã ` tj`bd`x xã nlocoao| |ã Vmvãx cm|gkoc` vgz `lb` vz`|`nloa`y` vgko|oc` |ã xpnloa|mzãy` "vzonhãzy`+ ajz`|ãzy`+ v`zmnlgzãy` vgz `lb` mzox|gczmhoxã xpnlp`x`/ cp ajotg|ãzgn|` Vzg|`x|mn|otao lb` }` o cpnlãzyob`xbon loc|m|o| |` Ym|ocmno|. Jmxbcãxom vgko|oc` mvg ol`n|o|`|o cgk`c|oy o vgvpdy` `lb` edm|` Vm}`x xã Y`x|imkoxã oxb|` jmtpmz nã vãzcm|ãxonã i`|mz`+ ol`n|o|`|o lb` on|`z`xo nmhognmk o vgvpdy` |` cã|z` oxb|` vzm `nl` j`xoao+ vãzcm|ãxom cgni`xognmk` ` |z`. Vm}dm ` Y`x|imkox` p zocgniozapm lb` p xigzhpm `lb` nem \zmc|m|o o P|z`hb|o| o yo|o =5=8 cp vãzxãzo|`d vmzoao x` xgyzmno|`|o cgajã|mz o ålg xb|`|o| lpb`d z`xv`c|pmz nem |ã edo|bm xb|`|`|. Cdg ol` ` jmzmtoxã n` jmt` |` xgyzmno|`|o| apnlãxgo ålg xb|`|o |ã lz`d|ãn vãz nld`cpz vgko|oc`n ` jz`nlxba` lb` |ã dmxb|a`+ vm nlãzbzd` nem dmxb|ã ‘ edã }` vãzim}ãxgn |ã vmzoaon jmt` |` amzzãlbãno`y` amzzãlbãno`y` a aolox olox xb|`|`y`. xb|`|`y`. Aozãvg+ kèdo|oaoao mvg ndgbdm ` xb|`|o| nem mnm ` xb|`|`y` |d`zm+ lpc` kolbpz amzzãlbãno` lovkgam|oc` a`x y`|o+ ãxb|ã ndã xbvocd` ` aãygnxba`. @lb` vx` lovkgamhom lb` zmvgz|`| lovkgam|oc` a`x loxm y`nl`y` `yzgvomn` `ctox|gnon `lb` a` b`zã|+ vãzamxm| pnoy`zxmk` lb` zzèpkkoao igzamk dmnã |` cgbãx x` ipnlo|. Ndã cmzmc|`zox|oc vãz Amzzãy`xbd`n ` Y`x|imkox` ãxb|ã x` cdg nedmzd` xbob`| xo epz|bà`k o czox|mkotoao| |` xgyzmno|`|o| lb` |` igzaoao| |` xb|`|o| agl`zn mvg cgaj!xb|`|o|. Edo|bmxb|p+ n` xbc`nhm vgko|oc` lb` n` amzzãlbãno` nlãzcgajã|mz` cpz iko|`| vãz xb|`|on ` agl`ko| y`x|imkomn a`nlgb`| n` cpv|oaon ckmxoc |` xgyzmno|`|on+ on|èzo|`|on |`zzo|gzomk lb` vmzoaon ` agx! ?



vãzto`zd`x n` vpnã| ` jz`nlxba` |` ndã y`nlo+ nlãzxm cpz ikmxoa vãz m|ã vgx|! y`x|imkomn a`nlgb`| n` |`dcmkoaon cã|z` ngzamy`+ lb` vãzedèdãxon }` cm xb|`|o nlmd }|`|mz`y` |` y`| lb` nlmd jmxbcãxoxã nlãzcgajã|mz` n` z`xv`c|oaon ` lz`d|my` |` nd`zop| mvg cgny`n|my` nlãzcgajã|mz`.

Cgnez`xo o Yd`nãx "=2=0/ lb` Cgnh`z|o o @yzgvãx. Vmx Vm}`x xã Y`x|imkoxã gx` |bãn` a` aozã \zmc|m|o| |ã Y`x|imkox`+ @yzgvm npc oxb|` `lb` m} vm}ãxgz` xm lg |ã lpb`d |ã oxb|` vmx cã|od cgavzgaoxo a`x ip}oy` |` aãlbm vgko|oc` |` mxmd cgb`. Loxm xb|`|` oxbon ip}otpmz pxb|mzmcoxb| lpc` zz`tocpmz `ctox|`nhãn ` y`nl`y` |d`zm }` nlob`xbon |` cmngxpz nem ndã xpka vg|`nhomk pxb|mzmc mvg gcpvoa `y`n|pmk. Izmnhm edm|` xb`cpkko| RYOO n`n cmzlonmkon Zoxb`kd` vgz `lb` a` ygn` n` cz` a` Nmvgk`gnon coxbon nlãzamzzã loxm ipxbm|m }` |` y`dnã ndã z`nl |` zo vgko|oc n` @yzgv` lb` |` vpxb|gdnã y`nl` |d`zm+ cdg zzd`lboaoxb| }gd n` kpi|ãzm |` vãzedmcxba`. Xo Jzo|mnom ` Amlb` mxb|p `lb` Mpx|zom n`n Cmnh`kmzon A`|`znoc mvg `lb` Ed`zamnom oxbon |` on|`z`xpmzm }` mv`|o|`| vgko|oc` |` hoko| lg xb|`| |` o nlmkgnon a` ålg cpxb|. Xo `vokge o cã|z` noxamy` p |bozz` Cgnez`xo o Yd`nãx n` yo|on =2=0+ a` }`kkoa |` mzzo|d`x x` ndã cgavzgaoxo a`x ip}oy` |` aãlbm |` mxmd cgb`. ]ãkkoao cz`xgz o cã|od Cgnez`xo oxb|` jmzmxv`xboao o igzhãx+ n` aãnz` }ã |` xbamneo`| nlgndã bèdàgno lb` }` z`ygkphogn`| mvg cz`nezo|d`| ` apnlxba` |ã xbpb`n+ nã zmx| n`ygdã `lb` nem pxb|zo|ã ` y`nl`y` |d`zm. Vãz lovkgamhonã Cgnez`xo oxb|` o zãnlãxoxbãa x`vx` ngzamkotgo lb` zzèpkkgo ndã xox|à lovkgamho` xo mxv`c| |`d`| o zãnlãxoxbãa o zmvgz|`y` aolox xb|`|`y`. Ip}o|ã ` aãlbm onx|mkpmn majmxmlm| n` y`nl`| ` |d`zm lb` xbcãaj`n majmxmlgz`| a`x y`|`+ cpzx` a` xb|`|`| a` |` ygekm tbyokkpmn amzzãlbãno`| n` noy`k vmc a` |` pk`|+ vãza`x cgnxpdy` mvg kèm|my`. Lovkgamhom n` cã|ã cgb` oxb|` ` plbãb`}pz nem mzox|gczmhom lb` xb|z`xm| ` kmz|m xbg}ãzgz`+ cpzx` a`|glm| ` y`vzoao| lovkgam|oc oxbon ixb`b|ãxom+ xvopnoao+ xbmn|mtb`| lb` on|zoem|. Jg|ãcpv|oao vgko|oc vgz `lb` lovkgam|oc nox`d vz`d vgx|pkm|o| |ã igzapkpmz nem ed`n`zmko vzpxomn o xb`cpkko| |` RYOOO!|` Cmzk ygn Ckmpx`yo|t xovmx |ã hoko| ‛kpi|m ãxb|ã ymtbloaãxo ` vgko|ocãx a` ad`|` |ã |d`zm‑.

=6



Xolg}gi|ã+ vzgi`xogno o lovkgam|o| oxb|` `|mjkpmz lb` lovkgamhom |mnoaã oxb|` vd`xã vãzjãzãx` ` vgko|oc`x x` ålg xb|`|o. Zoxom cz`xgz` ` lmk nem Cgnez`xo o Yd`nãx oxb|` x` vãzim}ãxp`xo| ` xb|`|`y` lpb`| |ã |mcgb`xbon zzèpkkoxb| vãz |ã loxcp|pmz åãxb|d` |` nlzxba`+ dg y`|ãa m|g lovkgam|oc`. Cãxb|p+ jo` idmkm nem yo|o| =2=0 l`zo =?65 coxb|` ndã x`zã |mcoa`xb noy`k`xb |` kmz|m mvg cgni`z`nhm cgni`z`nhm vm}ãxgz` aolox xb|`|`y` |` ip}oxba` `yzgvomn` |` mxmd cgb`+ xo v.xb mdg ` yo|o| =252 Cgnez`xo o J`zkono|+ }ã vãz im|on ` Jmkkcmno| lb` xolgagx xb}ov|mzãy` oxb|` vãzhmc|p`x mvg mdg ` Bmeãx nem =?65 cp p |bà`kpm gzemno o mzjo|zo| nlãzcgajã|mz vãz åãxb|d`n ` tedolbd`y` |` cgn|`x|`y` a`x xb|`|`y` lb` p bmz|pm lgcpa`n|o o ndgbpz xo Cgny`n|m vãz Tedolbd`n vm}ãxgz` |` cgn|`x|`y` Nlãzcgajã|mz`. Tbyokkoa` |ã hokm| o d`v`n vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a`+ ` y`åmnãzoxb| lovkgamhoxã ndã loa`nxogn |` zo+ lpc` czodpmz ndã a`cmnotãa o hoko ho ko o vmzmvzop igzaoao| |` gzemnotm|my` gzemnotm|my` nlãzcgajã|mz`. nlãzcgajã|mz`.

Kolbdm ` Cgaj`y` lb` \zmc|m|o o Y`zxmdãx Y`zxm dãx "=?=?/ Lpc` }`n` |` onlondpmz lb` |` |a`zzpmz nem kãxboa`| ` jãzm vãz |` `yo|pmz Kpi|ãn ` Vmz` Jg|ãzgz`+ xbpa` lovkgam| lb` xv`homkox|` |` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a`+ tbyokkpmn ndã lovkgamho vmcxm a` |` bmvpz lb` a` |zmnxvmz`n|` x` }` oxb|` n` |` cmkpmzãn. N` cã|ã cgb` p jg|pmn `lb` loxm nem kojzm| lb` lgzmhmc`| ` ndgbpz vãz vzmc|ocãn lovkgam|oc`+ vãz x|okon ` lovkgamhoxã lb` vãz zzèpkkm| ` xd`kkd`x lovkgam|oc`+ |` hokm| `lb` xg| xg | ` cãxmd lo|` vãzlgz`n vãzlgz`n lb` dmnã |` ykìxba` y kìxba` mcgam. A` |bà`koaon ` Kolbd`x x` Cgaj`y` z`xv`c|oyoxb| Kolbd`x x` Vgvpdy` a` =6 Dmnmz |` yo|o| =?:6 n` Ed`n`y` |` Tyohzãx+ p bmv`n apnlãxo|ã }` lovkgam|`| ` |`z` jg|`x |` c`nã ndã vocã|mcoa+ ndã igzpa cp apnl |` loxcp|gdnã+ |` nèghogdnã lb` |` ed`dnã tedolbd` vãz vzgjkà` lb` åãxb|d` |` nlzxba` jg|ãzgz`. Kolbd` ` Cgaj`y` ` om vmzmxb|zgd y`|`x l`|zãn }` |` d`|` n` ipncxogn |` xoepzoxã cgk`c|oy` lb` |` vm}`x n` jg|`+ vzmnlmd oxb|` `lb` ndã kkgd gzemnotm|` pnoy`zxmk` vm}ãxgz`. Cp n` vmzmezmion ` == |` Cmz|ãx x` y`| lìongb`| }` ålg xpka n` nlgndã mnã|mz` |` Kolbd`x lg |` a`zz`| xo xpka n` y`| gzemnotm|ãn+ vzmnlmd `lb` vmzmxbob`d `lb` ajzgd|m cgk`c|oy` mnã|mz`y` |` y`|. N` |` yãz|`|ã Kolbdm ` Cgaj`y` cm amzz` vd`x` n` loxm aoxogn` vm}ãxgz` vãz tedolbd`n ` cgnikoc|`y` mvg cgn|`x|`y` |` nlzxba` a`x xb|`|`y`. Ndã nl`z onohom|gzã| `lb` vãzczmbãxo| a` |` ikmc`| |` |bà`koao| |` Kolbd`x x` Cgaj`y` cm }`n` ==



Vz`xol`n|o ma`zocmn Ugglzgu Uokkxgn o hoko vãz mnemtboaon ` y`| vm}ãxgz ` io|go `lb` åaoaon Ngj`k vãz vm}` a` =?:6.

Ioepzm4 Kgegdm ` Kolbd`x x` Cgaj`y`.

N` cã|ã cgb` p aozm|pm `lb` \zmc|m|o o Y`zxmdãx }` o lbm ipnl Kpi|` x` vmz` jg|ãzgz`+ ` hokm bpajãxo| ` Kpi|ãx o coxb|` ‛lãnpmz‑ a` z`vmzmhogn` |` lãa`y` |` kpi|ãx lb` a` gjkoeoa` |d`zm am|`zomk` mvg |`zzo|gzomk`+ edã |` hokm| a` edmx` }pmn `lb` |` |b`kkoao o pzz`d|d`y` lb` nezo|dm ` nmtotao| lb` imxbotao| a` ygn`. Edo|bmxb|p czotm ` amlb` `cgngaoc` ` yo|`y` ndãt`|m lb` |zolbd`|m |` x`cpkko| ROR!|`+ xocpzx` `lb` vgko|ocm edo|bndã a` nmhognmkox|` ` Ed`zamnoxã+ O|mkoxã xo `lb` vgko|ocm otgkohognmkox|` ` Xb.J.M!y` ` aonpmn |` edo|bm vãzvd`cd`| ` Kolbd`x }` |` `|mjkgb`| xo ndã gzemnotm|` ip}ovkg|` lb` ì`c|oy` n` zpmd|d`n ` vm}`x n` jg|`. \`zbd`cdm ` loxm xb|`|`y` mnã|mz` nem cdg gzemnotm|` xo v.xb4 Ed`zamnoxã+ Dmvgnoxã+ O|mkoxã+ Mpx|zoxã `|d. xo `lb` iokkoao o kpi|ãx x` l|` jg|ãzgz` o dmvon ipnl lìono|oyoxb| gzemnotm|ãx x` vmz` jg|ãzgz` xoå oxb|` Kolbdm ` Vgvpdy`. Aozãvg+ y`|` imc|o x` cdg gzemnotm|` czodgd vãz b`z` |` vmz` cgnh`v|on ` xoepzoxã cgk`c|oy` lb` vãzedèdãxoxã x` xb|`|`y` n` xbamneo`n ` kpi|ãx lb` zpmd|d`n ` vm}`x+ ik`| a` xbpa` x` ålg edã |d`|ãz vãz z`nlãxon }` coxb|` n` tbyokkoa`| ` aã|p|d`xba`. Cmk`yo Bgkx|o+ ndã x|plop`x o xvocm|pz n` ipxbãn ` amzzãlbãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz`+ x}mzgn z`nlãxon }` coxb|` ol`dm ` Kolbd`x n` z`xv`c|oaon ` |` lz`d|ãx nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` vãzjptd`n ` kpi|ãx. Cm|ãzajãlbd`|ã vocm| ` Uokxgno|+ |` hokm| dmnã n` aãnz` |` agloiocpmz |` oncgzvgzpmz `lb` n` Cmz|ãn ` Kolbd`x x` Cgaj`y`+ vmzm}`xon yãz|`|ã| ndã zoxo amzzãlbãno` nlãzcgajã|mz`. Xovmx x` hokãy` xox|ào nlãzcgajã|mz npc lpb`d |` ymz`| nem mk`mnhm| pxb|mzmc` vgz nem xox|ào cgk`c|oy o xoepzoxã+ x` ` lz`d|m ` y`|ãy`nlgxd`x x` vgvpdy` lpb`| |` d`|` jmtm ` xmd ` dg ip}om vgko|oc` mvg ` =:



jmzmxv`xbm ` igzhãx. Vzmnlmd cdg oxb|` ndã c|b`x` box|gzoc` n` Amzzãlbãno`| Nlãzcgajã|mz`+ vmxo xox|ào nlãzcgajã|mz n` |z`!cm|ãz xb`cpd| ` ipnlo| npc coxb|` vmxpz nlzxboa` cm} zmlocmk`. Tbyokkoa`| ` aãygnxba` vgko|oc`!xghomk` lb` `cgngaoc` n` jg|` xd`kkon `lb` nlzxboa` xb|`x` n` xox|àon nlãzcgajã|mz.

Cgny`n|m ` Agn|`yol`gx "=?88/ Xb|`|`| xo vocã zì`zp`x` nã Amzzãlbãno`| Nlãzcgajã|mz` dmnã cgloiocpmz xbpa` ygn` igzamkoxb| a` |ã lz`d|m |` jmzmjmz|m lb` |` cgloiocpmzm n` mc|`| ` |` lz`d|ãx nlãzcgajã|mz` xo v.xb cgny`n|m| ` nlzxba` nlãzcgajã|mz`. Npazo o xb|`|`y` |` z`dm n` jg|` zzo|`d n` aãnz` |` ymtblp`xba`+ edã }` cãzcgn|` `lb` cpxb|`| `kà`n|mz` vãz k`doaon lb` vzmnoaon ` |z` a` |` lz`d|m |` jmzmjmz|m lb` |` emzmn|pmzm `lb` nem nem xb|`|`| |d`zm. @ lz`d|m nlãzcgajã|mz` j`b`| ndã zzèpkkgz` ` xd`kkd`x lb` zmvgz|`y` a`x xb|`|`y` |`c n` xb`cpkkon ` RR! |`. @lb` vx` vãzvd`cd`| ` xbpa|m p nlãza`zz`n nem a`nloa|mzã |` nlzxbãa `lb` n` xb`cpd| ` aãb`zxbãa+ m|g npc coxbon cmzmc|`z mx gjkoep`x ` mx npc oxbon a` yk`z` pnoy`zxmk`. pnoy`zxmk`. Ndã nl`z cgny`n|m| a` |` zãnlãxoxba` |` nlãzamzzm n` vãzcpiotoaon ` y`|oy` lb` czo|`z`y` |` xb|`|o| ãxb|ã vmlxboa ‛Cgny`n|m ‛Cgny`n|m vãz |` Lz`d|m| lb` L`|zm| ` Xb|`|o|‑ mvg a` aoz` ` ndgbpz xo

Cgny`n|m Cgny`n|m `

Agn|`yol`gx ` yo|o| =?88+ ` hokm p ajmd| n` cz`}|`|on ` Pzpepmo|+ vzm n` Agn|`yol`g. Nãx` l`zo m|ãb`zã cpxb|`| cz`xgz` vãz igzaoaon ` xb|`|o oxb|`3 |`zzo|gzo o vãzhmc|pmz+ ndã vgvpkk |` vãzb`zxbãa lb` vpxb|`|o }`nlzgz+ cdg cgny`n|` ` vmxpzgn mvg |bãnã a` aoz`+ ` xb|gn cpxb|on }` xped`zgb`d nem xbpa` xbcgkkmz |` lz`d|ãx nlãzcgajã|mz` xo ndã zoxo lb` lb ` `kà`n| ongym|oy vãz |` tbyokkpmz amzzãlbãno` |` dmxb|a`. Cgavgn`n|o o zo }` ndob`| xo czo|`zo |zmlohognmk n` lìonoaon ` xb|`|o| agl`zn lb` n` ndgbd`n nlãzcgajã|mz |` xmd ãxb|ã ` lz`d|m lb` l`|zoao+ xovmx x` hokãx xb|`|o lpb`| |` vgx`lgd apnlãxonã ` bzd`x n` amzzãlbãno` a` xb|`|`| |d`zm. Cdg cgny`n|` cãxb|p xo vmzmcpxb| vãz `ctox|oaon ` xb|`|o|+ czodgd czo|`zon ` ndgbd`x nlãzcgajã|mz`+ ` hokm ` ip}otgo vmzoaon ` z`xv`c|oao| |` xgyzmno|`|o| lb` |ãzãxoxã |`zzo|gzomk` a`x xb|`|`y`. C czo|`z ãxb|ã `nl` vmzoao jmt` o lz`d|ãx nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` ndã vzàox` vãz |bà`koaon ` x|ploa`y` n` amzzãlbãno` nlãzcgajã|mz`. Vzmnlmd vmzoa`| ` =8



Cgny`n|m| dmnã jgxb| n` amzzãlbãno`| lb` vgko|ocãn nlãzcgajã|mz`+ zãnlãxom ` xmd `lb` vãz lovkgamhonã ãxb|ã }`nãxgz`.

Cgaj`| ` Jmxbcpmzm "=?<0/ Nedmzd`| |pzjpk`n|` vgko|oc` ` xbg}ãzgz` n` l`cmlm| ` l|` lb` |z`|` |` xb`cpkko| |` cmkpmz xo l`vz`xogno `cgngaoc edm|` cãxmd cgb` }gd |` ndã xo|pm|` xbpa` |` |`nxognpmz. Iokkoao lb` tbyokkoao o Kpi|ãx xã L|ã Jg|ãzgz` nãnyotgo nã aãnzã lzmam|oc` ol`nã ` lgagxlgxbaãzoxã xã ndã xox|ào |ã xoepzoxã nlãzcgajã|mz`. Ndã aga`n| czphomk lb` epz|bà`k o czodoao| |ã z`nlo| jg|ãzgz+ nã |ã hokãn jmtgb`| nã amxã |ã amlb` `lb` amzzãlbãnom nlãzcgajã|mz` `lb` vgko|ocm ` dmxb|a` ` a` cã|ã `lb` lovkgamhom+ ãxb|ã vmlxboa |bà`koao o Gzemnotm|ãx xã Cgaj`y` |ã Jmxbcpmzm ` hokm p cpzgzãtpm nem vãzvd`cd`| ` aãb`zxba`. @ |bà`kpmz n` Xmn Izmnhoxcg |` XB.J.M!y` a` :9. ]`zxbgz =?<0 nem 0= xb|`|` mnã|mz`. Xoepzom lb` zpmd|dm ` vm}`x n` jg|` oxb|` }ãkkoao cz`xgz o cãxmd gzemnotm|` jg|ãzgz`+ ` hokm `lb` p ip| n` vmzmezmion ` vmz` |` Cmz|ãx x` GCJ!x`. Lb` cdg npc oxb|` y`|ãa }ãkkoao cz`xgz vgz `lb` mzx`|gn|` `ctox|oaon ` xmd+ ` hokm npc lpb`d |bd`xb| |` |zmxbãegn|` Kolbd`n ` Cgaj`y` ` |` vãzd`|gn|` ndã im| |` ndãd|`. Cãxb|p }` GCJ!dm n` Cmz|ãn ` y`| xo ndã kkgd Cpxb|`|p|` vmzmxbob|` gjkoeoa` |` }mz|m vãz xb|`|`| mnã|mz`+ xolgagx vmzmezmio o edmxb|` lb` mo o xb|m|` vmzmxbgbon amxm y`vzp`x` n` zmx| |` zz`tocoao| |` xoepzoxã nlãzcgajã|mz`. Czodoao o Mxmajk`xã x` Vãzedo|bxba`+ cp ålg xb|`| cm |` lz`d|m |` jmzmjmz|m lb` igzaoao o Cãxbokko| |` Xoepzoao| xocpzx` `lb` |` ndã agzzo med`nxogn`xb+ vzgezma`xb lb` onx|o|phogn`xb a` cmzmc|`z nlãzcgajã|mz om cmn` apnlãxpmz GCJ }` |` c`|ã a`cmnotam a`cmnotam y`vzoao n` ipxbm lb` zèdogn` |` nlzxba`. Aozãvg+ Kpi|m ` I|gb|` nlãzad`| xb|`|`y` cgapnox|` lb` m|z` cmvo|mkox|` ` jkkgcgo ì`c|oyo|`|on ` vãzvd`cd`y` |` nlzxba` edm|` vpnãx x` GCJ!x`. Zgko o xmd n` vgko|oc`n lb` amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` oxb|` n` noy`k amzedonmxb. Cdg nlzxbgo vmx yo|`y` =??6 cpz `lb` zzm ‛v`zldm ` b`cpz|‑ lb` vãzipnlgo xox|ào jovgkmz. Cgaj`| ` Jmxbcpmzm xg| dmnã vmlxboa ndã igzpa a` v`xb` |` z`nl` vãz |zmd|oaon ` ymtblp`xbãa |` vzgjkà`y` |` nlzxba` ekgjmk`. GCJ!dm vgx`lgn a` ndã x`z` gzemn`xb+ ngzamxb lb` a`cmnotamxb |` hokm| dmnã ad`|` |` vm|d`|ãzxp`xba` |` ålg lovkgamho`. Xbpa` noxam |` nlãzamzzm nlãzamzzm mvg |` onohopmzm =<



nem GCJ!dm dmnã j`z` zzèpkkm lb` ngzam koedgz` a` cmzmc|`z pnoy`zxmk lb` cmn` nlzxbpmz }ãnlzoaon lb` }mxd`n ` xb|`|`y` n` cã|g åãxb|d` z`xv`c|gy`. Cãxb|p+ jo` idmkm+ }ãnlzoao o GCJ!x` n` kolbd` a` nlãzbzd`| vãz åãxb|d` bpamno|mz` n` ym|zm| ` cgnikoc|`y`+ mvg zgko o |zpvmy` vm}ãxgz` |` Cgaj`y` |` Jmxbcpmzm ãxb|ã loåcm yãz|`|ã ` vmtãy`nlãxp`xba` nã vgko|ocãn jg|ãzgz`. Edo|bmxb|p mnã|mzãxoao n` cã|ã gzemnotm|` apnlãxgn y`vzoa|mzonã lovkgam|oc` n` noy`k ekgjmk xo `lb` vd`xãamzzd`n n` xbpa` x|zpc|pzm |d`zm jg|ãzgz`. Ndgbdm ` cgavk`|pmz nlãzcgajã|mz` ` xb|`|o| xbob`| vg mxb|p y`|ãa m|ãb`zã cpz cdg j`b`| mnã|mz` a` |` lz`d|m |` vkg|m n` GCJ.

Ioepzm4 X`kom ` GCJ!x` n` Nù _gzc+ XbJM.

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8. \`gzo|ã ` amzzãlbãno`y` amzzãl bãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz`. Vmxgdm| ` cm|mx|zgimy` nem kpi|m ` vmz` Jg|ãzgz` xb|n xbpaã a`nloa|mz ` xbc`nhã|mz |` xvocm|pz |ã a`zz`n a` Amzzãlbãno`| nlãzad`| xb|`|`y` lb` zmvgz|on ` igzhmy` nlãzad`| |z`+ nã aãnz`+ lb` a` }ãkkoa ioxnoc }ã |ã agx vãzxãzo|`n mzao}ãxo|ã yzmx|mz` a`x xb|`|`y`. X|ploa`| lb` mnmkotm| m nmkotm| aã |ã |b`kkm vgko|oc` ` lovkgam|oc`+ jmtpmz n` vocãvmad` xbc`nhgz`+ lg |ã apnlãxgnon }ã cã|g amzzãlbãno` |` cpv|gb`n a` aoz` a` }`kkoa |` xbamneo`x x` cgnikoc|`y` |` mzlbxba`. Cdg oxb|` `lb` tmnmiokkm ` igzaoao| vgz `lb` |` cgnxgkoloao| mcmlàoc |ã cãxmd loxovkon` xbc`nhgz`. Onx|o|p|`| ` vmzm |ã Amzzãlbãno`y` Nlãzcgajã|mz` p czodpmn vzm vmx Kpi|ãx xã vmz` jg|ãzgz`+ iokkoaoxb| nã XB.J.M lb` Jzo|mno vmx|md `lb` nã y`nl`| |d`zm |ã jg|ãx. Aozãvg+ n` mxv`c|on ` vpjkocoa`y` xbc`nhgz` lb` xolgagx xm o vãzc`| mxv`c|o| |`gzoc+ y`|ãa a` kojzon ` @lumzl B. Hmzz ‛Czotm Ndãt`|yd`åmz`‑ "=?8?/ cp mo czo|ocgn v`zoplbãn ` vmxkpi|ãx xo |ã vm}ãnlzp`xba` lb` l`x|mjokotp`x` vãz xbcmc |` Amzzãy`xbd`x xã Y`zxmdãx lb` zmvgz|`y` a`x xb|`|`y` `yzgvomn`+ cdg loxovkon` iokkgn |` x|plogb`| lb` a`zz`| x`zogtoxb| `lb` nem }mz}`| pnoy`zxo|mz` ` mcmlàoc`. A` jg|oaon ` kojzo| |ã Bmnx Agze`n|bmp| ‛Vgko|ocm nlãzad`| Cgaj`y`‑ "=?<2/ p bmv ndã l`jm| o mxbvãz |`gzoc jz`nlm cãxmd loxovkon`. Aozãvg yk`n |` vãza`nl`| imc|o x` nã @yzgvãn ` xb`cpdy` RYOO lb` RYOOO lovkgamhom lb` vzgi`xogno o lovkgam|o| vm|o ndã kpkãtoa |` bm|mxbãa+ vmxo y`|ãa jz`nlm cãxmd v`zoplb` oxbon xbczpmz a` xbpa` x` =06 kojzm ajo lovkgamhonã lb` zgkon ` lovkgam|`y`+ ndã xboiãz }` vãz cã|ã `vgcã ãxb|ã yãz|`|ã ajz`xãkãnãx`. Amld` `lb` nem cgbm mn|oc` dmnã |` ndgbpzm xbczoa`| cp mnmkotgb`n zmvgz|`| a`x y`nl`y` mvg igzam| ` }`y`zoxd`x vãza`x czmbmxoa`y` |` cpxb|`|p|my` |` nlzxba`+ xoå coxb|` j`z` vãz xbàjpkk Mzox|g|`ko. Xg|+ cpz Amzzãlbãno`| Nlãzcgajã|mz` dmnã ndã loxovkon` xbc`nhgz` ` vãzbmvpz lb` ` x|plopmz admi| aoz`+ `ctox|gdnã }mxd` |`gzoc` |` xbpa|m a` |` hokm| apnlgb`n }` |` vãzhmc|gb`n cgznotm| ` mnmkotãx lb` x}mzoao| |` zmvgz|`y` a`x xb|`|`y`+ gzemnotm|my`+ onx|o|phogn`y` lb` zgko| nlãzy`vzp`x |` imc|gzãy` lb` mc|gz`y` |` nlzxbãa nlãzcgajã|mz. Vgz xbpaohm ` cã|z` |`gzoy` jpzgdnã nem l lz`d|oa`| cz`xgz` |`gzoc` |` amzzãlbãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz`3 vzm |` =9



koj`zmkotao| lb` |` z`mkotao|. \` cpv|pmzo| lb` |` mnmkotpmzo| ` AN cãzcgn vãzy`å ndgbpzoy` |bà`kgz` box|gzoc`+ vgko|oc` ` `cgngaoc` `lb` ndgbd` |` aoz` |`gzoc`. \`gzo|ã apnlãxgdnã cgznotm mnmko|oc` lb` x}mzoa` nedmzd`xb ` tbyokkoa`xb n` AN. X|plop`xo| X |plop`xo| ` AN vãzlgzon |`gzo lb` a`|glm |ã nlzxba` nlzxba` vãz |ã ed`|pz vãzedoed` |ã lpbpz nã åãxb|d`| `x`nhomk`. \`gzo|ã n` AN dmnã |ãzãxo }ãnlzoa`xb lb` bovg|`tmxb xo lb` vãzixbodnã cgnh`v|` lb` a`|glm mnmko|oc` zz`|b mxmd x` xo xox|ào nlãzcgajã|mz cm ipncxognpmz+ ipncxogngn lb` lpb`| |ã ipncxogngd. Cã|g l xbcgkkm |`gzoc`+ vzm mdg ` z`mkotao| lb` koj`zmkotao|+ cmnã |ã jãdnã a` l vocãvmad`| loma`|zmkoxb| |` cpnlãz|m vãz jg|`n jg|`n lb` nd`zopn + ndãzãx ndãzãx ` hokm nm|zãn ` nd`zop| ` xb`b a` xc`v|ohotãa lb` ãxb|ã v`xoaox|`+ xo lb` |d`|zãx }` ` agzmkon lb` yoz||`| ` nd`zop| o v`zh`v|gn v`zh`v|gn aã a` gv|oaotãa. Vãza`x cãnlyãxb|zoao| |`gzoc x|ploao o amzzãlbãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz` jãb`| a` o cpv|p`xbãa+ a` mnmko|oc+ a` o vzgyp`xbãa lb` a` mzepa`n|p`x. \`gzo|ã dmnã xbpam ` cgnh`v|`y` lb` |`tmy` nãvãzad`| |` hokmy` apnlgbào |` ed`daã x}mzoa` ` xbvdèoa` vãz lpcpzo+ nedmzd` lb` tbyokkoa` |` nlzxba` n` vgko|oc`n nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` zmvgz|`y` a`x mc|gz`y` ` imc|gzãy` |` xbpa|`. Lpc` p jmtpmz n` |`gzonã vãzcm|ãx` xngb`| }` nem vãzxbczoao |` cmkgb`| n` cpv|oa lb` x}mzoa |` nlgndã i`nga`no+ lpc` o vzgypmz bovg|`tm| vãz yãz|`|ãxo lb` }ãnlzp`xbaãzo |` |z`. N` vãzedo|bãxo ndob`n l kkgd` |`gzoxb n` AN3 m|g ngzam|oy` lb` m|g }` apnl |` o }pmdaã vgto|oyox|`. ]mxdm ngzam|oy` cgnxox|gn n` v`|d`n }` xb|zgb`n x` åcm lb` xo lpb`| a` }`n`7 Xo vãz xbàjpkk3 M lpb`| jmxbcãxom nlãzcgajã|mz` |` on|`zy`ngdnã n` zmx|` cpz cm xbc`kd` lzmx|oc` |` lz`d|my` |` nd`zop| z`xv`c|oyoxb| n` zmx|` cpz nlgndã ezpv `|noc zz`tocgb`| nem ed`ngholo7 L`zoxm }mxdm vgto|oyox|` lg |` nox`d a` xbpa` nem mdg x` åcm lb` xo ãxb|ã7 Vzm nem ed`nldm imc|oc` cmkgb`| n` mnmkotoa lb` x}mzoa |` imc|gzãy`+ mc|gz`y` lb` i`nga`n`y` |` nlzxbãa. N` imc| ndã cm|ègzotoa o cã|okkã n` vzmc|oc` ãxb|ã yãxb|ozã |` j`b`|+ aozãvg tmcgnoxb| a`|glgkgedom ` cãzcoa`y` xbc`nhgz` o neãz|b`n n` y`|` b`z` ndãzãn ` b`z` |d`|zãn }mxd`+ ymzãxoxb| x` a` imz` a`|gl` lb` n` imz` aãnzã ` mvkocgdaã m|ã n` x|ploa` bpkpa|p`x`. N` vãzedo|bãxo yk`n |` |bpb`| x` imc|`| npc ikmxon y`|y`|op+ vgz m|g lpb`| lo|pz `lb` on|`zvz`|pmz. Vzmnlmd |`gzo|ã z`k`ymn|` nm apnlãxgdnã tjãz|boaon `

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cã|z` imc|`y`. Gx` a` idmkã| ` vxocgkgep| ed`zamn Cpz| Kùon+ x‟cm edã aã vzmc|oc` x`xm ndã |`gzo ` aozã.

m. Koj`zmkotao Xbcgkkm ` vmz` |`gzoc` n` AN oxb|` mdg ` ol`mkotao| z`xv`c|oyoxb| koj`zmkotao|+ vmzmvzodãx o xã hokãx oxb|` Oaamnp`k Cmn|o a` y`vzãn ` |od ‛Vãz vm}`n ` vãzb`zxba`‑ "=5?0/. \zmlo|ã ` hokm p cpk|oypm nem xbpaã on|`k`c|pmk okpaonox| a` }ãkkoa |ã czodoao| |ã vm}`x lb` aozãcpv|oao| nlãzad`| cgaj`y` ` xb|`|`y` |ã nlzxba`. Nã iokgtgionã vgko|oc` |ã cã|z` a`nloa|mzãy` coxb|` ndã iza` on|`k`c|pmk` ` yk`zmy` cgtagvgko|` lb` ndã vmhoiotãa |ã ndãa`nlã pnoy`zxmk. Vmxo vd`xm lãzap`x` ` vgvpkkm|ãx x` mxmd cgb` oxb|` ` vmxbcgkkpmz+ ` a` cã|ã `lb` mnmkimj`|`+ ol`|ã ` |okkm ioxnoc` aj`|`n cz`xoxb| n` xpmtm amzedonmxb lb` koedãzoa`xb iokgtgioc` ` vgko|oc`. Lovkgamhom ` gjgzz`y` ajz`|ãzgz` lb` a`n|mko|`|o o zoymko|`|o| kpi|mzmc kpi|mzmc oxb|` a` o tãxbãa lb` coxb|` coxb|` a` xbpa` nlocoa n` d`|ãn vgko|oc` ` xbg}ãzgz` x`xm ol`|ã ` bmvd`x lb` jmxbcãvpnoao| nlãzad`| xb|`|`y` ` cgaj`y`. Mk`mnhm| mvg cggv`zoao nlãzad`| |z` oxb|` a` xbpa` vãz xbcmc |` mk`mnhmy` n` zmx|` |` kpi|ãzmy` lb` nlmzd`x x` xi`zmy` |` on|`z`xo| |` nepxb|`+ x`xm ndã jmxbcãvpnoa o jmtpmz n` jmzmto lb` on|`z`xm |` vãzjmxbcã|m xbg}ãzgzg!`cgngaoc`. xbg}ãzgzg!`cgngaoc`. P l`xbãn `lb` xbpa` l`cmlm ` xb`cpd }` ol`|ã ` cã|okkm |` l`zoygdn` n` n` ndã |`gzo agl`zn` vgko|oc`. vgko|oc`. N` |b`kj |b`kj koj`zmkotao nox`| nox`| nem vzàoxm x` nm|zm ` nd`zop| ãxb|ã ` aoz` lb` jmxbcãvpnp`x`+ vãz xbcmc |` cgl`y` `|oc` lb` agzmk`. Vãz xbàjpkk loxm xbc`nhã|mz vgko|oc vgbgdnã x` vzmc|ocm| ` vzmnp`xba` lb` ‛ngzamk`‑ n` |` cmkpmzãn xo lkpi|oa`| n` lp`k` mvg xckkmyãzom dmnã xg| |` vmvzmnp`xba` lb` xo |` |okkm m|g dmnã åzzãndgxpz+ ndã edã ` hokm lg |` nlglb` `lb` a` kpi|ãzm| lb` vãzlgzoaon ` lbpnãx }` xbob`n edo|bndã xo a` |` vmagzmkxba` lb` |` vmvzmnp`xba`. Vãz cã|g mzx` vzmnlmd dg zzmkkãb`zã cdg }mxd` |`gzoc` ndob`| `lb` xo ol`mkotãa+ }` nem z`mkox|`| vãzxbczpb`| a` ozgno `lb` xo ndã nmoyo|`| dg kmzevmaãx. N` |` yãz|`|ã nem yzmtblãxom ` Kpi|ãx x` Vmz` jg|ãzgz`+ xbpa` on|`k`c|pmk ` xbc`nhã|mz n` @yzgv` oxbon |` a`nloao| x` vãza`x |`gzoxã x` koj`zmkotao| lg |` x}mzgnon x` xb|`|`| lg |` czodgnon ao}ãxo lb` a` cã|ã lg |` mzzob`d vm}dm pnoy`zxmk`.

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Ol`mkotao xo |`gzo vgko|oc` lgko vmx Kpi|ãx x` Vmz` Jg|ãzgz`+ xolgagx a` =< vocm| ` vz`xol`n|o| ma`zocmn Ugglzgu Uokxgn lb` a` ygn` a` czodoaon Kolbd`x x` Cgaj`y`. N` cpnlãzxb|oa a` Z`mkotaon }` ` xox|àon nlãzcgajã|mz ` yk`zãxgn xo mnmzcoc+ koj`zmkotao vgbgn x` `ctox|gn ndã on|`zi`z`nhã aã ` amlb` ` mc|gzãy` mc|gzãy` lb` imc|gzãy` imc|gzãy` n` vgko|oc`n nlãzcgajã|mz` nlãzcgajã|mz` x`xm }` vgbgdnã z`mkox|`|. Vãz lmkkoa nem z`mkotao+ koj`zmkotao koj`zmkotao o xb`b vgvpd| lb` xbg}ãzo|ã xo mc|gzã mc|gzã }ã y`vzgdnã `lb` vãz|`d cgznotmy` xb|`|ãzgz`+ |zèpn ekgjmk }` ipncxogngn vãz|`d cpiody`+ xo lb` imc|gzã| |d`zã nã mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz` vãzy`å xb|`|`y` xoå dmnã vãz xbàjpkk Gzemnotm|m| Nlãzcgajã|mz`. Amzzãlbãno`| nlãzad`| xb|`|`y` x¼dmnã+ ioepzm|oyoxb| |bãnã+ |gvm jokomzlo }ã vãzvkmx`n a`x y`|` vm nlgndã mzx` lb` xbcmc |ã }ãkkoaxbãa. Vãzcpnlzmto `ctox|gn ndã zzd`| o nlãzkolbpz o zmvgz|`y` `cgngaoc`+ vgko|oc` lb` xbg}ãzgz` nlãzad`| mc|gz`y` |` nlzxbãa nlãzcgajã|mz. Vocãvmadm koj`zmkox|` n` amzzãlbãno` amzzãlbãno` nlãzcgajã|mz` nlãzcgajã|mz` xbim}`| xg| n` igzam lb` }mxd` |` nlzxba`+ xoå ãxb|ã |`gzom ` vm}`x làgczm|oc`+ xovmx x` hokãx làgczmhom xbvo` n` ndã vm}` ajmzãjg|ãzgz` x`vx` y`nl`| làgczm|oc` tmcgnoxb| npc kpi|gdnã nlãzad`| y`|o. \` edo|bm cã|g nlocgdnã lpcxba` n` aãnzãn x` xo n` ` mnmkotgdaã+ x|plogdaã lb` cpv|gdaã vgko|oc`n jg|ãzgz`. Mp|gz |` ndgbpz dmn` Izmnhox Ipcpmam+ Zgj`z| C`gbmnm C`gbmnm lb` Aohbm`k A ohbm`k Lgk` `|d. j. Z`mkotao Tbyokkoa`| n` l`h`no`| ` vmzm |` xb`cpkko| |` cmkpmz+ ` y`åmnãzoxb| vmx Kpi|ãx xã L|` Jg|ãzgz` xgkkãn `lb` xbcgkkãn |d`|ãz |`gzoc` }` ` cpnlãzxb|gn|` ip}oaoxb| koj`zmkotaon+ mvg ol`mkotaon xoå }pb`d cdg nem cpnlãzxb|mz . Cdg oxb|` |`gzom z`mkox|` ` amzzãlbãno`y` nlãzcgajã|mz`+ ` hokm vmzoaoxb| jmtgb`d n` |`tm| ` \gamx Bgjjxo| lb` Zpxgx`+ Amcodmy`ko| `|d. Cdg `xb|` nd` }mxd` |`gzoc` ` hokm xngn |` x}mzgd x` xo ipncxognon z`nlo jg|ãzgz. Z`mkotao nox`| vz`d vzonhovo| x` jg|m lb` amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` vãzhmc|gb`n lb` zzèpkkgb`n lpc` p jmtpmz n` ip}onã z`mk` lb` vpxb|`|on ` xb|`|o|+ xo mc|gz y`åp`x n` vgko|oc`n nlãzcgajã|mz`. Mvg xoå xbczpmn|` \pcololo nã y`vzãn ‛ Kpi|m ` V`kgvgn`to|‑ vmzm aã xbpaã x` :666 yd`|ãy` 4 ‛...|ã igz|o| jãdnã åcm apnl`n+ cpzx` |ã lgjã|o|

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"vzm xb|`|`|!yãz`d|d` ` J.J/ ypmdnã xm apnl`n.‑: \pcololo a`zz`| `lb` xo izaãtp`xo lb` z`mkox|o o vmzã+ vãzcpnlãz imc|o| x` ndã |`gzo ` |okkã vgko|oc` o |mcgn cgbãx agl`zn`+ }ã p vãzim}ãxpm nem x|plop`xo| xo B. Agze`n|bmp+ E`gze C`nnmn+ C`nn`|b Umk|t `|d. Amzzãlbãno`| a`x xb|`|`y` z`mkotgb`n nã apne`x` |ã nlgndã vpxb|`|o }`nlzgz mvg }`y`zo` jg|ãzgz`. Cdg l.a.|b x` xox|ào nlãzcgajã|mz nlãzcgajã|mz ãxb|ã mnmzcoc+ cp apnegn ndã bo`zmzco+ vzm ndã zzèpkk ` hmc|pmz lb` cgn|zgkk ì`c|oy |ã zmvgz|`y` a`x xb|`|`y`. Vzmnlmd vãz z`mkox|`|+ A N nãncpv|gn zmvgz|on ` igzhãx nlãzad`| xb|`|`y`.8 Vocãnoxdm ` z`mkotao| ãxb|ã x` xb|`|`| dmnã mc|gz` |` vmymzpz n` mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz`+ |` hokm| xngdnã z`mkotoaon ` on|`z`xmy` cgajã|mz` "dg zzmkk` `lb` a` ålg cpxb|-/. Z`mkotao lgaongd vãz ndã cgbã |ã edm|ã nã x|ploaon ` AN+ xolgagx edm|ã Kpi|ãx xã I|gb|ã+ cp xbvdègb`xbon xbcm}`| ` kpi|ãx lb` cgnikoc|`y`+ vmx|md loxcz`vmnhm jovgkmz` a`x jkkgcp| v`zãnloagz lb` konlgz. Cdg }mxd` cgnxox|gn|` admi| xbpaã a` cgn|`cx|on ` mxmd cgb`+ cp mk`mnhm| oxbon aã xbpaã pxb|mzmc` lb` on|`z`xo o nepxb|ã nmhognmk oxb|` l`|`zaonp`x o vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|ãa dm xb|ãa |ã ålg xb|`|o. N` czmbmxoa nem }mxd`| ‛ckmxoc`‑ |` z`mkotao|+ |ã |zmd|pmzm xo |` Bmnx Agze`n|bmp+ Zònbgkbl No`jpbz+ |` hokã| jpzoaon ` z`mkotao| ` xbobnon |`c nm|zm ègox|` ` nd`zop|+ a`nloa|mzã| ` zond j`xgnon x` box|gzocoxb| ip}o|ã ` aãlbm apnlgb`n |` lgaongdnã n` xox|àon nlãzcgajã|mz vzmnlmd xb|`|`| dmnã n` ndã emz` |m ymtblp`xba` vãz vpxb|`|. Ipnlyo|`y` 56!|m C`nn`|b Umk|t z`megn vãz cã|ã a` kojzon ` |od |` xb}pmz a` vocãvmad` N`gz`mkox|` x`4 m/xox|ào nlãzcgajã|mz ãxb|ã mnmzcoc x`vx` apnegn ndã mp|gzo|`| }`nlzgz }` y`nã cgn|zgkk lb` zzèpkkm |` vzmnp`xba` vãz |` edo|bã. j/ Xb|`|`| n` cã|ã xox|à dmnã |` on|`z`xpmzm y`|ãa n` `ctox|`nhãn lb` on|`z`xm| ` |z`. Amzzãlbãno`| a`x xb|`|`y` z`mkotgb`n vzm n` apne`x` |` nlgndã vpxb|`|o }`nlzgz mvg }`y`zo` jg|ãzgz`. Cdg l.a.|b x` xox|ào nlãzcgajã|mz ãxb|ã mnmzcoc+ cp apnegn ndã bo`zmzco+ vzm ndã zzèpkk ` hmc|pmz lb` cgn|zgkk ì`c|oy |` zmvgz|`y` a`x xb|`|`y`. Vzmnlmd vãz z`mkox|`|+ A.N nãncpv|gn zmvgz|on ` igzhãx nlãzad`| xb|`|`y`+ }gi|` n` x`nxon pxb|mzmc+ `cgngaoc+ vgko|oc ` lovkgam|oc. Vãz ndã cgb` |` edm|`+ ` amld` `lb` xg| n` A. N lgaongn }mxdm :

Ho|pmz xovmx Xhg| Jpzhbokk `| mk.+4 \b`gzo`x gi on|`znm|ognmk z`km|ognx+ \bozl @lo|ogn. Vmkezmy` Amhaokkomn :660+ i}. <9 8 Xbob`. Dmhc Lgnn`kk4Z`mkoxa+ n`3 X.Jpzhbokk gv.ho|.+

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z`mkox|`+ cp y`vzoao lovkgam|oc lb` vgko|ocm ` xmd ` dmxb|a` ymz`| nem ip}om ` m|od xb|`|o lb` mi|ãxom }ã on|`z`xm| ` y`|m |‟ o oavgngd n` aãnz` |` nlzxba`. Ip}om ãxb|ã cgnh`v|o lb` nghogno cå nã vocãvmad`| z`mkox|` |` AN!xã. \` ldm cã|g |`gzo` ipnlyo|`y` =?56 lb` yo|`y` =?26 vãxpmn ndã iz`xcoa cgnh`v|`xb lb` a`|glgkgedoc lpc` }pmz n` }mxd` |` z`dm |`gzoc` xo n` N`gz`mkotãa+

N`gkoj`zmkotãa

lb`

ndã

ymze

}mxd`xb

|d`zm

|`gzoc`

xo

Cgnx|zpcoyotao+ Xbcgkkm Mnek`t` ` AN lb` m|g N`gamzcxox|` "Oaamnp`k Umkk`zx|òn a` ‛Xox|àon jg|ãzgz‑ mvg L`v`l`nhom! gx` |`gzom ` Ymzxbaãzoxã `|d./ C`xb|p n`gz`mkox|`| xo C. Umk|t+ Dgbn A`mzxbòa`z `|d. vgbgdn` x` cgnikoc|`|`| lb` kpi|ãzm| apnl nlgxb|m `lb` |` |zmnxigzagb`n n` igzam a` vm}`xgz` ` cggv`zp`x` vgz m|g cpzz` x¼lg |` tblpc`n n` xox|àon nl`zcgaj`|mz cp lgaongdn` cgaj!xb|`|`|. @xb|` on|`z`xmn| v`z |` h`cpz x` `lb` n` |zmlo|`n oxkma` vgko|ocm nl`zcgaj`|mz` `xb|` cgnh`v|pmz n` ed`nld`n Lmz mk Oxkma "xb|ãvom Oxkma`/ cpz tg|ãzgn|` vm}dm+ Lmz mk Bmzj "xb|ãvom ` kpi|`x/ xo kpi|` nl`zad`| j`xoa|mz`y` j`xoa|mz`y` lb` m|z` |` vm i`+ a` apnl`xon` ` nd` vm}`d` |` vãzcgbxba` Lmz mk Xpbk a` y`nl`| dg!oxkmaoc`.<

h. Cgnx|zpc|oyotao Ndã nl`z }mxd`| |`gzoc` nem amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` ` hokm cgzz`xvgnlgn a` x|ploa`| ajo Lovkgamhonã Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã }mxdm cgnx|zpc|yox|`+ xovmx x` hokãx ol`n|o|`|`|+ ngzam| xbg}ãzgz` lb` cpk|pzm dmnã |` ndã zãnlãxo` |` y`åmn|ã nã amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` vgko|ocãn jg|ãzgz`. Vãzim}ãxp`xo aã o ndgbpz o cãxmd }mxd` Mk`rmnlmz U`nl|+ xbvdègn x` on|`z`xm| ` ndã xb|`|o lb` ol`n|o|`|o npc dmnã |` vãzhmc|pmz lìono|oyoxb|+ vgz l`zoym|` lb` z`tpk|m|` |` ndã vzgh`xo lonmaoc |` amzzãlbãno`y` jz`nlm onx|o|phogn`y`+|ã jmxbcãvpnoao| cpk|pzgz lb` |` yk`zmy` xbg}ãzgz` `lb` n` xi`zãn ekgjmk`. Vzmnlmd cã|g vzgh`x` ` l`|`zaongdnã a` xbpa` x` x|zpc|pzm| aãnzãn x` xo xb|`|`| gv`zgdnã lb` xokk`n nã mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz`. Aãnzm a` ` vãzxb|m|xba` ` |zmd|oao| |`gzoc |`gzoc |` Lovkgamhoxã Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã cgnx|zpc|oyotao+ vmxo npc jmtgb`| `cxckptoyoxb| n` ip}onã pxb|mzmc` mvg <

Xbob`. X|`vb`n L. Czmxn`z4 ‛Mjolone Xgy`zòeno|‑+ nu+ On|`znm|ognmk Vgko|ohmk Xho`nh` Z`yoù+ Ygk. ::+ Ng. 8+ :66=

:=



`cgngaoc` ` xb|`|o|. Xo ndã cpnlãzyãno` cgnh`v|pmk` ` z`mkotao| lb` koj`zmkotao|+ cdg ãxb|ã ndã }mxd` z`km|oyoxb| ` z` |`gzoc` n` Amzzãlbãno` Nlãzcgajã|mz`+ ` hokm n` czmbmxoa vz`d koj`zmkotao| lb` z`mkotao| }` y`dnã |b`cxon a` xbpa` |` åãxb|d`| am|`zomk` mvg |` ip}om edèdãxoxb| |zèp o koz`+ cgnx|zpc|oyotao |b`cxgn zgkon ` ol`n|o|`|o|+ ngzamy` lb` yk`zmy` xo `kà`n|` vãzhmc|p`x` n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` dmxb|a` lb` A. N.

Noy`ko o mnmkotãx mnmkotãx |`c |`c

Cgnx|zpc|oyotao ãxb|ã a` xbpa` onloyolo lb` kol`zxbovo x`xm y`| xb|`|o mvg on|`z`xm| nmhognmk` |` |z`. Lpc` ` x}mzpmz igzaoaon ` on|`z`xmy` n` vãzvp|bd` a` zzèpkkm| lb` ngzam| nlãzcgajã|mz`. Åãxb|d`n ` mnmzcoxã nã vgko|ocãn jg|ãzgz`+ cgnx|zpc|oyox|ã| o vãzedoed`n x` mnmzcom ãxb|ã mdg åcm xb|`|`| jãdnã vz`d xmd.0 Cgnx|zpc|oyox|o Mk`rmnl`z U`nl| vgbgn x` ol`n|o|`|o ãxb|ã jmtm ` on|`z`x o n|`z`xmy` my` cgajã|mz`. Lpc` y`åpmz l igzam |` ol`n|o|`|o| xb|`|ãzgz3 ndãzãn }` apnl |` }pmdaã onx|o|phognmk` lb` |d`|zãn xghomk`+ xovmx x` hoko| cdg ` ipnlo| o zì`zgb`| amzzãlbãno`y` amzzãlbãno`y` xbg}ãzgzã+ cpk|pzãx vgko|oc`+ vzozd`y` ol`gkgedoc` lb` imc|gzãy` |d`zã }` ` vãzj`dnã xb|`|on. Cã|g l igzam |` ol`n|o|`|o| xb|`|ãzgz bdnã n` ndã cgnikoc| m|ãb`zã cpz jmz|ãxo| onx|o|phognmk npc vãziokkon lb` npc o vãzajpxbon n`ygdm| ` }|`|mz`y` mvg `lb` cp cãzc`xm| ` cã|z` npc vãzcgdnã a` on|`z`xm| vgko|oc+ `cgngaoc` ` xghomk` |` vd`xãx lãzap`x` |` xbg}ãzoxã. Cdg |`gzo igcpxgb`| n` ndã xv`c|ãz |` ed`z` imc|gzãxb+ a` |b`cx |` y`åmn|ã n` xd`kkd`n ` xb|`|`y` xo vmxgd` ` `ko|my` vgko|oc`+ ngzamy` xbg}ãzgz`+ cpk|pzãx+ igzaãxoao| |ã ol`n|o|`|`y` lb` on|`z`xmy` cgajã|mz`. Cã|m imc|gz konlon n` ndã amx` nem loxcpzxo lox cpzxo edpbãxgz lb` jg|ãcpv|oa`| ` plbãb`}ãxy` xb|`|ãzgz. xb|`|ãzgz. N` cã|ã cgn|`cx| xbv`xbb`zã x|plogb`n `lb` mzlbaãzom ` xox|ào| xox |ào| nlãzcgajã|mz nlãzcgajã|mz lb` ` vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a` |ã ndã xb|`|o nem mxv`c|o o nlocoao| |ã imc|gzãy` xbg}ãzgz ` cpk|pzgz. Ndã x|ploa o cã|okkã ãxb|ã+ jo` idmkm+ `lb` kojzo o `lo|pmz nem V`|`z Cm|t`nx|òn ‛Cpk|pzm ` Xoepzoxã Cgajã|mz`‑. Cgajã|mz`‑.

0

Vãz aã xbpaã zz`|b cãxmd xbob` `lb` mz|ocpkkon ` | od cz`xgz3 Mk`rmnl`z U`nl|4 ‛Mnmzhb ox Ubm| X|m|`x Amc` gi O|‑+ nã3 On|`znm|ognmk Gzemnoxm|ogn+ <9':+ =??: mvg `lb` Amdm T`bipxx4 ‛Hgnx|zph|oyoxa mnl Ol`n|o|4 M Lmne`zgpx Komoxgn‑+ nã4 @pzgv`mn Dgpznmk gi On|`znm|ognmk Z`km|ognx+ Ygk. 5"8/3 :66=

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<. @ygkpoao o Cgnh`v|o| |ã Xgyzmno|`|o| nã AN. Xgyzmno|`|o xo |à` jgxb|` n` AN cm }`n` l`jm| o xbpa` vpnoa`y` lb` x|ploa`y` xbc`nhgz` }` nem cgbm ` iokgtgio| izmnh`t D`mn Jglon "=0:?!=0?9/ o hoko ` xb|d`kkgd cã|ã åãxb|d`+ lpc` ` cpv|pmz m|ã xo loåcm mjxgkp|` cp agnmzcp coxb|` vpxb|`| |ã vmcpiotpmz lb` |ã vmh`npmz nem mxcpxb+ mx nem y`|ã vgvpkko. ]ã nem mdg cgb` c cgnh`v| ãxb|ã `yo|pmz lpcxbãa xo nã |`gzo mxb|p `lb` n` vzmc|oc`n ` lz`d|ãx nlãzcgajã|mz`. Vmzmcpxb| o xoepzoxã xã }|`|mzãy` lb` vãzim}ãxoao| |ã on|`z`xmy` |ã |z` cmnã }ã ndã xb|`| |ã d`|ã xb|`| xgyzmn+ vgz `lb` ipncxognmk. Y`åmnãzoxb| nã jmxbcãvpnoa`| `cgngaoc`+ cpk|pzgz` vgz `lb` vgko|oc` ` }ã dmnã |ã vãzamxmy` |`d! cpio|mz`+ cãzc`xm vãz ndã }`y`zo |ã ì`c|xba` v`zh`v|gb`| edo|bndã ` aã ` zãnlãxoxba`. Amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` z`nlo jg|ãzgz jmtgb`n nã vmzoaon ` xgyzmno|`|o|. Xgyzmno|`|o o ndã xb|`|o ãxb|ã o ymzpz nem ndgbd`| vz`d xb|`|`y` |d`zm xgyzmn` ` |` vmymzpzm+ czo|`zo o hoko p aozm|pm nem Cgny`n|m ` Agn|`yol`gx. Mp|gzdm ma`zocmn` Dmnoh` \bgaxgn lìongn Xgyzmno|`|on n` cã|ã aãnzã3 *".../ xo vzmnoa nem mc|gzã| ` jz`nlxbãa lb` |ã dmxb|ãa }ã xb|`|o cm mp|gzo|`| `cxckptoy vãz |ã nlãzbzã `lb` a` igzh` nã y`vzoa|mzo|ã lb` åãxb|d`| jz`nlm |`zzo|gzo| |ã xmd.‑9 Vgz xgyzmno|`|o ãxb|ã ndã cgnh`v| lonmaoc+ o hoko vãz cm `ygkpmz a` cmkoaon ` cgbãx lb` zz`|bmnmy` vgko|oc` xbg}ãzgz` lpc` nlzxbpmz cãxb|p ymtbloaoxb| cpv|oaon ` y`|. Nã cã|ã cgn|`cx| Zgkmnl Vmzox vãzxbczpmn cã|ã |zmnxigzaoa n` cã|ã aãnzã+ cp ymkm ` vmz` oxb|` a` z`ygkphogn`| ma`zocmn` lb` izmnh`t` cp kozom lb` jmzmtom ` }|`|mz`y` oxbon vgx|pkm|`| cz`xgz` lpc` cmkpmz l`zo |`c v`zoplbm vmx Kpi|ãx xã Vmzã Jg|ãzgz` cpz bzo vmzoao o y`|ãy`nlgxd`x }ã o apnlãxgo loxm xb|`|`y` nã @yzgvã apnlãxon ` xb|`|!igzaoao| ` l`zo vmx Kpi|ãx x` l|` Jg|ãzgz` cpz c vmzoa p pnoy`zxmkotpm `lb` n` cpmlãz |` vzgh`x`y` |` l`cgkgnotoao|. Xo lb` v`zoplbm vmx Kpi|ãx x` I|gb|` cp vmzoao o ted`lbd`y` |` kozm ` làgczm|oc` lb` làgczmhom koj`zmk` dmnã j`z` ngzam lb` x|mnlmzl` |`

9

Dmnoh` @. \bgaxgn4 X|m|` Xgy`zòen| on On|`znm|ognmk Z`km|ognx. Jzoleone |b` Emv j`|u``n \b`gz mnl @avozohmk Z`x`mzhb. on4 On|`znm|ognmk X|plo`x ]pmz|`zk+ Ygk. 8? Ng. : + =??0 i}. :=?

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kèdo|oaoao| nlãzcgajã|mz.5 Xgyzmno|`|o o xb|`|o|+ xoå oxb|` o ndgbpz }` nem ‛Vm}dm ` Y`x|imkox`‑ cm vãxpmz nlzxboa` nlzxboa` zzãndãxgz`+xolgagx edm|` l`cmlãx xã ipnlo|. Mdg |mno ãxb|ã zo!vãzcpiotpmz n` igzaãn xoå ` vãzxbczpmn a` x` aozo oxb!X`cz`|mzo oxb!X`cz`|mzo o Vãzedo|bxbãa o GCJ!xã GCJ!xã Cgio Mnnmn x` xgyzmno|`|o xgyzmno|`|o ` a` cã|ã `lb` xb|`|o lpb`| |ã d`|ã vãz |ã xbãzj`z vgvpkko| |ã xmd+ lb` dg mnmxd`kk|mx. M|m }ã xbvz`xpmn x` vmx zãno`x xã Cgapnotao| `zlbo ipnlo o ol`gkgedoy` lb` lgeamy`+ oxbon |ã tbeãnd`z boå a` vmc x` jz`nlm ndã l`cml`. Xocpzx` nã cgbãn ` jovgkmzo|`|o| cpz cpz lgaongn|` vgko|ocm ` ol`gkgedoy`+ ol`gkgedoy`+ `lb` xg| jg|m ãxb|ã ` nlocpmz n` amx` |` amlb` nem m|g y`nl` ` ezpv` }ã vz`|`nlgdnã |ã d`nã nã vgx`loa |ã xã yãz|`|ãx mjxgkp|`. Vgkmzotoao+ }gi|` vgko|oc+ `|noc+ i`|mz mvg nã yodm |d`zm nlmzãx` ãxb|ã mcgam ndã ip}o }ã lgaongn nã loxm vd`xã |ã jg|ãx. Cgnh`v|o o xoepzoxã }ã jmtgb`| vz`d zz`tocoao| nem mzaocp+ ndã x|zm|èdo ` yd`|ãz em|o xm y`| nd`zãtoao+ ãxb|ã ndã ad`| }ã ymtblgn |` d`|` n` xbãzjoa |` vpxb|`|o|. Kpi|m cpnlãz |`zzgzotao|+ oxb|` ndã |à` jgxb| ` vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a` lb` ` xoepzoxã |ã Xb.J.M!y`+ }` nem xpka`| ` ==. Xb|m|gzo| |` yo|o| :66=+ ` hokm+ vãzy`å |d`zmxb+ }go `lb` |`c on|`zy`noa`| pxb|mzmc` n` Miemnox|mn lb` Ozmc. Lovkgamhom xo aãnzã ` cgapnocoao| a`x xb|`|`y` lb` xo ad`| o nèghoao| npc `zlb` n` xbvz`bd` xm lpb`| edm|` cãxmd cgb`. Edã ` hokm n` z`|zgxv`c|oy` xbob`| xo ndã amneãxo ` cgnh`v|o| vgko|oc ` lovkgam|oc+ mvg |bãnã `lb` a` }mz|` |` ndã x|zm|èdo` |` vãzedo|bxba` vãzedo|bxba` lmkãx` }` ndob`| n` }mz}` `cxv`z|`xb `cxv`z|`xb a` aoz` xo @ro| X|zm|è.

5

Xbob`. Zgkmnl Vmzox4 V`mh`c``vone mnl |b` H gnx|zmon|x gi Ekgjmk Hpk|pz`. on4 @pzgv`mn Dgpznmk gi On|`znm|ognmk Z`km|ognx+ Ygk. ? Nz.8+ :668 i} <<
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0. Vgko|ocm ` Dmxb|a` lb` Lovkgamhom Xb|`|`| dmnã vocã zì`zp`x` lb` mc|gz cz`xgz nã Amzzãlbãno` Nlãzcgajã|mz`. Vgz npc dmnã `lb` kgd|mz |ã y`|ãa nã mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz`. Cãxb|p jo` idmk` xg| npazo o xb|`|` mnã|mz` |` GCJ!x` ãxb|ã |zìoxbpmz }ã nem cgb` ` |bà`koao| n` yo|on =?<0+ cpz oxbon ox bon 0= xb|`|` nlãzxm xg| cào =?8 xb|`|` mnã|mz` |` GCJ!x`. Mc|gzã| |d`zã vãzy`å xb|`|`y`+ dmnã Gzemnotm|m| Nlãzcgajã|mz` a` cmzmc|`z pnoy`zxmk "xo v.xb GCJ!dm/+ m|g zèdognmk` "xo v.xb NM\G!dm mvg GXJ@!dm/ vgz `lb` GD]!|` on|`znmhognmk` "Cgao|`|o Nlãzcgajã|mz o Cz}o| |ã Cp}+ Man`x| On|`znm|ognmk/ lb` Cgavmno|ã Xbpaãcgajãxb` lb` ezpv`| |d`zm "v.xb ezpv`| |`zzgzox|`/ dmnã admi|ã mc|oyã lb` |ã zãnlãxoxba` nã cã|ã ipxbã y`vzoao. Edo|bmxb|p `lb` Cgni`z`nhm| nlãzcgajã|mz` vãz åãxb|d` |` hmc|pmzm mvg gzemnotm|m| dgigzamk` xo E:6 dmnã edo|bndã ` a` |ã zãnlãxoxba`+ xo n` y`nloa` mxb|p `lb` n` tjm|oa` |ã vgko|ocmy` |ã nlzxba`. C cgn|`cx| o zo cãzcgn }` `lb` x|ploao o lovkgamhoxã mvg AN |` ted`zgb`| n` mnmkotoaon ` mc|gz`y` lb` imc|gzãy` |` nlzxbãa+ |` hokm| dmnã n` nlãzy`vzoa lb` n` nlãz|bpzd` xo cpzzã a` vmz` n` box|gzo. Vgko|ocm ` Dmxb|a` cm vãxpmz n` cã|ã aãnzã ndã nlzxboa vãzajmd|d`xgz lpc` p ted`zpmz n` ipxbm lb` mxv`c|` mxv `c|` |` xbpa|m.

Åcm ãxb|ã Vgko|ocm ` Dmxb|a`7 Vgko|ocm ` Dmxb|a` ajzgn lb` vzgagygn on|`z`xm| nmhognmk`+ xoepzonã cgajã|mz`+ imygz`| `cgngaoc` lb` cpk|pzgz` xo lb` }ãkkoa`| ol`gkgedoc` ` vgko|oc` |` ndã xb|`|o. Mdg ãxb|ã vãzajk`lbd` ` y`vzoa`y` vgko|oc` }ã zzèpkkgdnã amzzãlbãno`| lb` nlãzy`vzoa`| ` ndã xb|`|o a` xb|`|`| mvg gzemnotm|m| ` |d`zm nã jg|ã. Vgko|ocm| ` dmxb|a` dmnã+ xovmx Dgxbpm Egklx|òn+ x|zm|èdo|ã }` vãzlgzon xb|`|`|+ z`xv`c|oyoxb| }`y`zo|ã vãz |` mlz`xpmz åãxb|d` |ã nlzxba` nã y`vzoa`| ` |z` nã xi`zãn nlãzcgajã|mz`. Vgko|ocm ` dmxb|a` ãxb|ã ` lotmdnpmz a` }`kkoa }ã |ã nlobagd }`y`zo|ã vãz |o ajzgd|pz on|`z`xm| ` |z` nmhognmk`+ xoepzonã ` y`nlo|+ vocãvmad`| ol`gkgedoc`+ }ãnlzoa`| vgko|oc` lb` vzgxv`zo|`|on `cgngaoc. Xgyzmno|`|o o dmxb|ãa+ vzm mi|ãxom lb` apnlãxom }ã |ã y`vzgdnã nã xc`nãn :0



nlãzcgajã|mz` op xoepzonã cã|ã |ã lz`d|ã+ ` hokm ãxb|ã ` lz`d|` nlãzcgajã|mz` ålg xb|`|o |` vzmnpmz nlãzcgajã|mzoxb|+ vm amzzã vmzmxxb npazon ` vgvpkkm|ãx mvg amlbãxonã ed`gezmioc` |ã xb|`|o|. Cgapnocoao x|zm|èdoc lb` amzzãlbãnom a` vpjkocpn dmnã cgavgn`n|ã xbpa` |ã zãnlãxoxba` |ã miozaoao| lb` a` cã|ã |ã mlz`xoao| |` vgko|ocmy` |` dmxb|a` n` }mz}` tz|mz` lb` n` gvonognon vpjkoc nlãzcgajã|mz. Aonox|zom ` vpnãy` dmxb|a` cggzlongn vpnã| n` xi`zãn ` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` |` ndã xb|`|o lpc` bmz|pmz x|zm|èdo|ã lb` vkmn`| mim|edm|m }ã lpb`n z`mkotpmz+ cpzx` lovkgamhom nã cã|ã cgn|`cx| ãxb|ã ndã ad`| gv|oamk vãz z`mkotoaon ` cã|z` gjd`c|oymy`. Aonox|zom ` vmz` ` vpnãy` |` dmxb|a` p igzapm nem cmzlonmko Zoxb`kd` n` yo|on =9:9 xo vd`x` vãzjãzãx` ` Izmnhãx+ cpzx` Mnekom ` |bà`kgo Aonox|zonã ` Dmxb|a` a` =52:. =52:. Nãx` lovkgamhom apnl apnl |` a`zz`| xo onx|o|phogn+ aonox|zo|ã ` dmxb|a` dmnã a` xbpa` gzemnotm|m |` igzaãxoao| |` vgko|ocmy` |` dmxb|a`. Lovkgamhom ãxb|ã vd`x` lb` ad`| ` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` |` ndã xb|`|o xgyzmn. Nã aãnzã }ã ndã lovkgamho |ã ipncxogngd xm a` ì`c|xbãa lb` |ã dmv z`tpk|m|` |ã lpbpzm cãzcgb`| }` m|m |ã hokã| bmz|gdnã vgko|ocãn ` dmxb|a` |ã d`n` xm a` cgav`|`n|+ |ã vãzem|o|pz aozã lb` ndgbãx xbpa` |ã aozã |ã ipxbmy` |ã nlzxba` |ã hokm| cgzz`xvgnlgdnã a` vgko|ocãn ` dmxb|a` lb` lovkgamhonã+ xocpzx` `lb` x|mio o xmd lovkgam|oc |ã d`nã d`nã vzgi`xognox| hokãxgz. Cãxb|p v.xb E`gze` C`nnmn+ xo ndã lovkgam| lb` xbcgkkmz o xb}pmz ma`zocmn+ oxb|` vmzm aã xbpaã x` edxaã xb`cpkko nã ajzgd|d` |ã lovkgamhoxã ipncxognmk` ` plbãb`}pz nã aãnzã vzgi`xognmk` nem xv`homkox|ã lb` `cxv`z|ã |ã ipxbmy` vãzcm|ãx` a` }ãkkoa |ã xbamneo`x xã ‛lovkgamhoxã nem ndã lok`|mn|otãa‑+ x`vx` vãznlzxb` nãx` vãzixbon xbpaã nd`zãt vm vãzygdã lb` vm cgav`|`nhm |ã n`ygdxba` lg |ã czodgdã vm}ãnlzp`xbaãzo vm}ãnlzp`xbaãzo lb` dg ìocmxo|`| nã z`mkotoaon ` vgko|ocmy` |ã dmxb|a`. \bà`koao o Aonox|zoxã xã Vpnãy` |` Dmxb|a` lb` lovkgamhoxã cgxgymz` nem nd`zãt a` vmc mvg mv g mxvmc vãzygdã lb` jmemtb vzgi`xognmk nã vgko|ocãn ` dmxb|a` dm xb|a` ` ajãxb|`| aã xã aozo c`|ã cgnx|m|oa |ã |od. Loxm nem mzx`| vãz ndã noy`k dg `lb` m} |ã lpbpz |ã lovkgamhoxã cgxgymz`+ dmnã3 apne`xm ` |zmlo|ãx n` lovkgamho+ vg|`nhomko o cpiotpmz o Cgxgyãx n` mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` x` ipnlo vgko|otoao vmz|omc o vãzjãzd`x dg y`|ãa o AVD!xã vgz `lb` o |zpvo| lovkgam|oc.

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Xolg}gi|ã+ gjd`c|oym ` lovkgamhoxã ãxb|ã z`mkotoao lb` ajzgd|dm ` on|`z`xmy` cgajã|mz`+ |ã hokm| nã cgbãn ` xg|a` ekgjmk` z`mkotgb`n nã noy`k` lb` xi`zm |` nlzxba` y`nloaamzzãx`. Vzmnlmd lovkgamhom jmxbcãcgbgz` gv`zgn dg y`|ãa n` zzmixbon tz|mz ` onx|o|phognmk vãza`x igzamy` |zmlohognmk` vgko|oc` ` lovkgam|oc` vgz edo|bndã aã xbpaã `lb` nã y`vzoa|mzo lb` igzam |d`zm mk|`znm|oy`.

Zgko lb` ipncxogno o Lovkgamhoxã. Lovkgamhom nã cpv|oaon ` ed`zã vãzcpiotgb`|+ xovmx @zn`x| Xm|gu!o|+ xo mzzo|d` ` amzzãlbãno`y`

nlãzxb|`|ãzgz`

`

nlãzcgajã|mz`

vãza`x

nèghom|my`.

Nm|zoxb| cdg ãxb|ã y`|ãa ndã apnlãxo ` cpv|oao|+ vmxo }ã lovkgamhom vãzixbon aã xbpaã x`xm nèghoaon. Y`vzm| ` vmzm nem cdg ipxbu dmn` |` xbczpmzm xb`cpd a` vmz`+ edèdãxoxb| edèdãxoxb| n` yo|on yo |on =<89 jg|gb`| kojzo o izmnh`to| J`znmzl lp Zgxo`z a` |o|pkk ‛\zmd|oa` |u xbcpz|`zm ajo Majmxmlgz`|‑ nl`zxm au =9:6 lovkgam|o xvmndgkk L` Y`zm xbczgo kojzon a` nlocoa ‛Majmxmlgzo‑.2 Xo c|b`xã vmzmloeam|oc` lb` lm|ã ` konld`x xã Lovkgamhoxã agl`zn` a`zz`| amzzãy`xbdm edèdãxoxb| Vm}dm ` Y`x|imkoxã ` yo|o| =9<2+ }ã ypzo |bà`k`| `lb` |ã vmzoa`y` jmtã |ã xb|`|o|+ xo vzonhovo o xgyzmno|`|o lb` on|èzo|`|o| |`zzo|gzomk+ }` nãncpv|gn agxnlãzbzd`n nã vpnã| ` jz`nlxba` lb` vmh`np`xbaãzonã |` ndã y`nlo nem xb|`|`| |d`zm. Vzmnlmd cdg |zmlo|ã nã AN lb` nã |` lz`d|ãn nlãzcgajã|mz` ndob`| tmcgnoxb| a` nghognon vmzoao y`x|imkomn. A` konld`n ` cgaj!xb|`|`y` agl`zn` p czodpmn `lb` a`cmnotam| onx|o|phognmk ` mlaonox|zm|oy `lb` n` zzmixbon ` amzzãlbãno`y` a` y`nl`| |d`zm. Nã cã|ã cgn|`cx|+ xb|`|`| ` ip}oxba` `yzgvomn` igzapmn vãz c`|ã }`kkoa aonox|zo|ã vãz vpn` |` dmxb|a`+ cp lovkgamhom oxb|` vd`x` ` vmnlmxba` ` |z`. Lovkgamhom xo ndã vz`d agngvgk`y` |ã ipnlo| }` o cm aj`|` `nl` }`y`zoxã+ cm iokkpmz |` d`|` edo|bndã ` a` xbpa` lga`n o y`vzoao| `lb` nem gzemnotm|m| nl`z!}`y`zo|mz` zèdognmk`+ nem GD]!|ã+ nem ezpv`| ` nlzxba` on|`z`xo "xo v.xb. cgavmno|ã xbpaãcgajãxb`+ xbpaãcgajãxb`+ kgjo| `|d/ xo lb` nem onloyolã| a` onikp`nh`. Lovkgamhom vãzixbon igzaoaon+ tbyokkoaon lb` igzhoaon ` amzzãlbãno`y` |ã aozm a` y`nl`| ` |d`zm. Lovkgamhom cm |ã jãdã vzm a` mnemtboaon ` }`y`zox` x` ndã xb|`|o a` }`kkoa |ã cgn|mc|o| lb` |ã lomkgep| a` xb|`|`| ` |d`zm. 2

Xbob`. Dӥnxxgn [Bmkk4 @xx`nh` gi Lovkgamh+ Vmkezmy` :660 i}.5ii.

:5



Lovkgamhom ãxb|ã ndã y`vzoa|mzo ` y`åmn|ã nã ipxbãn ` vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a`+ a` }`kkoa |` vãzim}ãxoao| |` xb|`|o|+ |` ajzgd|d`x x` on|`z`xmy`+ onigzaoao|+ nèghoao| xo lb` |b`kkoao| |` amzzãlbãno`y` ` jmxbcãvpnoao| ao}ãxgz`. Cã|g y`vzoa|mzo czb`n vãza`x |` nemzcpmzy` a` vpn`+ ` }` dmnã vd`x` vãzjãzãx` ` |zpvo| lovkgam|oc+ xo majmxmlgzo+ x`cz`|mz`| ` majmxmlmy`+ m|mxb` lb` vãzim}ãxp`xy` |d`zã lovkgam|oc! a` ndã idmk` lovkgam|ãy`. Lovkgamhom xo mz| o nèghoao| lb` cgapnocoao| ãxb|ã ` ndgbpz }xb nem Mn|ocm ez`c`. V`zmnlgzom Zgamc` o vãzy`|ãxgd igzam| ` y`vzoa`y` lovkgam|oc` lpc` lãzepmz cgnxpd n`v`z y`nl`| |d`zm+ edo|bmxb|p `lb` V`zmnlgzom Gxamn` coxb|` lovkgamhonã admi| mc|oy` ` |ã mymnhpmz. Nlãzxm nã A`xd`|ã xb|`|!}|`|`| ` O|mkoxã ` tbyokkpmn cã|ã ipxbã n` igzaãn n` |` hokãn ` ndgboa n` xg|. Xbnlãzzoao o lovkgamhoxã nã vzgi`xogn }gd nã4 z`czp|oaon ` cgn|zgkkpmz |` x|mio|+ `cxv`z|otãn lb` |zmdnoaon ` lpbpz + zmneoaon ` hmc|pmz+vme`xãn hmc|pmz+vme`xãn ` zzèpkk|. Vzgi`xognmkotao nã lovkgamho ågn `lb` nã czodoaon ` |zpvo| lovkgam|oc. @ ndgbpz `lb` xo hgzvx lovkgam|o}p`+ xo v.xb. |mzem| ` y`|pzmy` a` HL. \zpvo lovkgam|oc ãxb|ã jmxbcãxom ` lovkgam|ãy` }ã vãzim}ãxgdnã xb|`|` |ã nlzxba` nã |ã ndãd|ãn cz`}|`| lb` o hoko ipncxogngn ajo jmtãn ` zzèpkkmy` |ã hmc|pmzm. Tãlbãnãxo mvg L`cmno o |zpvo| lovkgam|oc ãxb|ã tmcgnoxb| lgmd`no o mxmd jmxbcãxo` vzm majmxmlgzo majmxmlgzo aã o yd`|ãz lb` a` aã xbpaã vãzygdã n` m|ã y`nl. Agjoko|`|o o x|mio| lovkgam|oc+ mzx`dm |¼o xbamne`n kgcmkotao| gx` |`nl`nhãx }` |` agx onikp`nhgb`n x` |`vãzao nem y`nlo cp xbãzj`dnã. Vzg|gcgkko ãxb|ã ndã plbãzzãi`x o zãnlãxoxbãa n` lovkgamho+ ` hokm ãxb|ã |ãzãxom ` zzèpkkmy` igzamk` lb` ` vzgh`lpzmy` |ã lovkgamhoxã. A` czodoaon ` xb|`|`y` agl`zn` agl`zn` lb` xolgagx a` czodoaon ` aonox|zoy` vãz vpn` |` dmxb|a`+ lovkgamhom ãxb|ã vd`x` ` vmnlmxba` ` ålg xb|`|o lb` vgko|oc`x x` xmd. Vãz |` o ajzgd|pz lb` vzgagypmz yk`zm| lb` on|`z`xm| ` |z`+ xb|`|`| vãzlgzon cã|g apnlãxo4 Igzhãn pxb|mzmc`+ }gi|ã vãza`x cãzhãnoao| a` xpka mvg on|`zy`noao| |ã mzam|gxpz+ n` zmx| |` zz`tocoao| |` xoepzoxã cgajã|mz` mvg mxmd nlãzcgajã|mz`. Mvg `lb` vãz |‟ o ajzgd|pz on|`z`xm| yo|mk` ` ed`gvgko|oc` |` y`nlo| mvg mk`m|ãy` |` nepxb|ã. Vg|`nhomkon `cgngaoc+ }gi|ã vãza`x nlobamy` bpamno|mz`+ lgnmhogn`y` vãz tbyokkoa+ ony`x|oa`y` |ã lz`d|vãzlz`d|m n` jotn`x mvg ipxbm |d`zm+ mvg lbãno`y` |ã cz`loy` xo dgxbd` lb` vãzmizoa a` vgko|oc`n ` cã|od xb|`|o gx` mk`mnhãx x` :2



cã|z` xb|`|`y`. Gx` n` mnãn |d`|ãz nã igzaã vz`xogn`xb `cgngaoc` ` ionmnhomz` xo àjmzeg ` ajmzeg |zè|mz`+ |zè|mz`+ `cgngaoc`+ nezozd` |` ad`|`y` jmncmz` lb` xmncxogn`xb |` nlzxba` xo ndã kkgd |zxno` mvg lãnoao |ã |ãz|bgz|ã. Lb` x` ipnlo aãnzãn ` y`vzoao| lovkgam|oc ‘xo igzam aã ` xbv`xb|` lb` ` tmcgnxba` ` vgko|ocjãzd`x x` dmxb|a` ` hokm tbyokkgb`| xo nã igzaãn ckmxoc` lb` cgny`nhognmk` vzm nlãzad`| cmnmk`y` }`y`zo|mz` lb` m|z` igzamk` n` igzpa` |` nlzxba` tz|mz`+ tz|mz`+ xo lb` vãza`x lovkgamhoxã lovkgamhoxã vpjkoc` }` }` vãzixbon ndã x`z` cgavgn`n|ãxb vz`d onigzaoao|+ onikp`nhoao| cpk|pzgz ` l`zo |` xbcãajoa`| ` nlzxba` cãzcoagz`! cãzcoagz`! xbc`nhgz` xbc`nhgz` `|d. Lovkgamhom vãzj`n onx|zpa`n|on xo lb` cgavgn`n|on a` |` zãnlãxoxba` n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` |` ndã xb|`|o. Vãz |ã vzgd`c|pmz ip}onã ` |od xb|`|o vãza`x lovkgamhoxã cgapnocgn+ nèghogn lb` jmxbcãvpngn a` xb|`|`| lb` mc|gz`| ` |d`zã z`k`ymn|. E`gii Z. J`zzole`+ ndã ndgbãx o xvocm|pz mnek`t o |`gzoxã lb` vzmc|oc`x lovkgam|oc`+ vgbgn x` lovkgamhom ãxb|ã ndã mc|oyo|`| vgko|oc lb` cgavgn`n| o zãnlãxoxbãa o ip}oxã+ gjd`c|oy o x` hoko| ãxb|ã |‟pm jãdã |ã apnlxba` xb|`|`y` |¼o z`mkotgdnã }ãkkoa`| ` y`|m vm vãzlgzoaon ` igzhãx pxb|mzmc` mvg |zxnoxã x` nedmxba`. ? Cgloiocoao o zzèpkkmy` lb` pnoiocoao o xd`kkd`y` lovkgam|oc` ãxb|ã j`z` vãza`x koedo| |` lovkgamhoxã }` ajzgb`| nem ` lz`d|m nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` ndob`| xo Cgny`n|ãx xã Yd`nãx vãz Amzzãlbãno` Lovkgam|oc`. A` c`|` Cgny`n|` zzèpkkgb`n nd` x`z` l`|zoa`xb+ v`zedèd`xoxb vgz `lb` vzoyokèd`. Mzx`| v`z czodoaon ` xmd oxbon |` xbpa|m+ xo kèmk` mxb|p `lb` vgko|oc`. Xo jo` idmkm åãxb|dm ` oapno|`|o| mvg |ã kãyotd`x x` koz` |` x|mio| lovkgam|oc n` y`nlon nocg}oz. Nã n`non 8 |ã Cgny`n|ãx xã Yd`nãx vãz Amzzãlbãno` Lovkgam|oc` "CYAL/ dmnã vz`hotpmz v`xã ipncxogn` ip ncxogn` |bà`kgz` |bà`kgz` |ã aoxogno| lovkgam|oc4 m/ \ã vãzim}ãxgdã xb|`|on }ã ` cm lãzepmz nã xb|`|on }ã ` cm vzmnpmz j/ \ã ajzgdã on|`z`xm| ` xb|`|o| }ã ` cm lãzepmz nã xb|`|on }ã ` cm vzmnpmz xo lb` xb|`|mxo| ` y`|+ nã vãzvp|bd` a` |ã lz`d|ãn nlãzcgajã|mz` h/ \ã nèghogdã a` }`y`zonã }`y`zonã ` xb|`|o| }ã ` cm vzmnpmz ?

Xbob`. E`gii Z. J`zzole`4 Lovkgamh. \b`gz mnl Vzmh|oh`+ Vmkezmy`+ :66:

:?



l/ \ã vãzhmc|gd a` |ã edo|bm ad`|`| koedgz` cpxb|`| lb` tbyokkoaon xo lb` |o zmvgz|gdã xb|`|o| }ã ` cm lãzepmz `/ \ã vzgagygdã amzzãlbãno` ao}ãxgz` aolox xb|`|o| }ã ` cm lãzepmz lb` xb|`|o| }ã ` cm vzmnpmz lb` tbyokkoaon ` amzzãlbãno`y` amzzãlbãno`y` `cgngaoc`+ `cgngaoc`+ cpk|pzgz` ` xbc`nhgz`. L`|zm| cz`xgz` |ã lovkgam|ãy`+ |` vãzhmc|pmzm nã |ã xbpa|ãn ` zmx|`y` `lb` a` zzèpkkgz` vpn` lb` koed` vãzcm|ãx` dmnã cã|g4 

Vãzim}ãxoao lovkgam|oc! xo vz`tmn|oao n` vpjkoc lb` n` a`lom| ` y`nlo|+ vzgagyoao o vgko|oc`x x` xb|`|o| x b|`|o| maã.



Aoxogn`| lovkgam|oc` gx` majmxmlm| cmnã z`nlãxo vãz vz`x|oedon ` y`nlo|.



Cpk|oyoao o ao}ãxoxã a o}ãxoxã }gi|ã nã xi`zãn vgko|oc` mvg cga`zhomk`!`cgngaoc`. cga`zhomk`!`cgngaoc`.



Nèghoao+ jãzdm }mz|ã ` xnoa`y`+ xnoa`y`+ ajk`lbdm ` onigzam|my` onigzam|my` lb` kgjoao.

Nlocoa o majmxmlgzãy`+ lovkgam|ãy` lb` x|mio| lovkgam|oc nã Lovkgamhonã Vpjkoc` lb` nã Lovkgamhonã Cpk|pzgz`. Igzam| cz`xgz` |` lovkgamhoxã dmnã |` nlmzm nã lovkgamho lvmkãxb` "jokm|`zmk`/+ nã lovkgamho xbpaãvmkãxb` "apk|okm|`zmk`/ lb` nã lovkgamhom dgigzamk`+ dg cgny`nhognmk`+ |`k`cgapnocp`x`+ ` cgbãx xã on|`zn`|o| mvg |bd`xb|` a` ndã |`za nã lovkgamho vpjkoc`. Lovkgamhom jokm|`zmk` nãncpv|gn cgapnocoaon a`x l vmkãy`! l xb|`|`y` vãza`x vãzim}ãxp`xy` tz|mz |` |z`. Nemnd`b`z`

`

ndgbpz

xo

„xox|ào

izmnh`t

o

lovkgamhoxã‛

"Bmzgkl

Nohgkxgn/.Cmzmc|`zox|ocm| Nohgkxgn/.Cmzmc|`zox|ocm| ` cã|od xox|ào dmnã4 Aoxogn`| lovkgam|oc`+ ixb`b|ãxo|ã lovkgam|oc`+ Vzg|gcgkko lb` Vzgi`xognmkotao. Cmzmc|`zox|oc` |d`|`z }` a` xbpa` aj`|`| xo z`koc| o x` cmkpmz`x `xb|` Lovkgamhom X`cz`|`! ajmn ixb`b|` lb` n` cgniol`nh` |` vkg|` onigzam|m| lb` ãxb|ã ` kolbpz nemndãb`zã `lb` a` xvopnmtb. N` czmbmxoa vz`d xmd lovkgamhom apk|okm|`zmk` tbyokkgb`| a`x aã xbpaã mc|gzãy` nã mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz`. Apk|okm|`zmkotao n` A.N zzd`lb nem zzo|dm ` npazo| |ã xb|`|`y`+ on|èzoa`y` zmdgnmk` xo v.xb J!xu+ |`cngkgedoxã x` z` n` cgapnocoa lb` kãyotd`!cgapnocmho kãyotd`!cgapnocmhogn gn "v.xb xbp||k` lovkgamh/+ lovkgamh/+ cmnmk`| ` z`dm z`dm lovkgam|oc` vmx|md czodoao o Gzemnotm|my` Nlãzcgajã|mz` "nl`z}`y`zo|mz` lb` dg}`y`zo|mz`/

xolgagx

vmx

yo|`y`

=??6!|m.

Cgavk`cxo|`|o

o

xox|ào|

nlãzcgajã|mz nlocgn n` zmvgz|`| a`x xb|`|`y`+ n` on|`zmcxognon lb` aãnzãn x` xo m|g y`vzgdnã nlãzad`| y`|o. 86



Xg|+ cpz vd`xm aã ` amlb` ` xb|`|`y` nã jg|` cmnã xox|à làgczm|oc lb` ajmdnã ted`lbd` |ã kozm+ vgko|ocm ` dmxb|a` ãxb|ã `lb` åãxb|d` ` vgko|ocãx xã jz`nlxba` z`xv`c|oyoxb| ` gvonogno| vpjkoc. Cgbm cpz vgko|ocm ` dmxb|a` lb` lovkgamhom oxb|` nã lpmz |ã ndã ezpvo |` nepxb|` |ã nd`zãty`+ vz`d xã hokãy` ymz`d `lb` vãzted`lbdm ` vgko|ocmy` vgko|ocmy` `lb` tjm|oao o |z`+ cm v`zãnlpmz cmb`zã. Vzmnlmd ãxb|ã oav`zm|oy o cgbãx }ã lovkgam|ã| lb` vgko|ocjãzãxo| ` vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a` lpb`| |` ed`dnã aãnzm lb` igzam |ã mnmkotoao| lb` apnlãxoxb| |ã vãzio|oao| |ã gvonogno| vpjkoc a` }ãkkoa |ã ajãxb|`|d`x xã lpbpz edm|ã oavkà`n|oao| |ã |z`. Nã cã|ã cgn|`cx|+ nlocoao nã gvonognon vpjkoc npc cpiotgb`| y`|ãa ` y`|ãa jz`nlm xb|`|o| vãzcm|ãx+ vgz cãzcgn }` c mnemtboa |` xb|zob`| `lb` vãz|`d cpiody`+ nã aãnzã }` |` czodgb`| gvonogno vgto|oy `lb` |` vpjkocp o bpmd. Vpnm on|`nxoy` lb` x`zogt` a` gvonognon vpjkoc nlãzcgajã|mz nlãzcgajã|mz ãxb|ã l`|zã vmzãxgz` lb` lga`n }`nãxgz o lovkgamhoxã lovkgamhoxã vpjkoc`.

8=



9. Gzemnotm|m| nlãzcgajã|mz`. Amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` dmnã |ã gzemnotpmzm nem ndã xbpaãkkgdxbaãzo ` ngzamy` kèmk` lb` onx|o|phogn`y` |` nlzxba`. C |`za bzo n` vãzlgzoa nem dpzox|o jzo|mnoc Dma`x Kgzoa`z n` yo|on =295 cpzx` kojzo o vmzã lm|gn nem yo|o =?== ` xbczpmz nem Vmpk X. Zbònxhb. Gzemnotm|m| nlãzcgajã|mz` cmn` ndã box|gzo |` z`km|oyoxb| |` xbcpz|ãz+ m|g p igzapmn n` amx` |` xb|pmz y`|ãa n` ipnl |` xb`c. ROR lb` n` iokkoa |` xb`c. RR. Vãzvd`cd`| ` vmzm oxbon a` czodoaon ` Cgaoxogn`y` |` vãzjmxbcã|m nlãzcgajã|mz` vãz ajocã}zd`n ` mnod`y`. V.xb n` kpaon Zbòn =2=0+ n` Lmnpj` =209. Edo|bmxb|p tbyokkoa`| ` z`dm n` |`cngkgedo n` cgapnocoa lb` cgapnocmhogn }pmn n` |bà`koaon ` Pnogn`y`+ Xonlocm|my` Nlãzcgajã|mz` xo v.xb mdg \`kèzmioc` "=290/+ ` Vgx|my` "=25


tjm|gb`n nem G.N vãzcm|ãx`. vãzcm|ãx`. Cãxb|p+ G.N G. N nã ipxbm xv`hoioc` k`dgb`n+ mp|gzotgb`n mp|gzotgb`n lb` ip}otgb`n nem xb|`|`| mnã|mz` vãz |ã y`vzpmz nã c`|ã xi`zã. G.N nlmb`n n` gzemnotm|m nlãzcgajã|mz` nlãz!}`y`zo|mz` lb` nã gzemnotm|m nlãzcgajã|mz` nlãzcgajã|mz` dg!}`y`zo|mz`. Lmkkoao a`x cã|z`+ n` mxv`c|on mxv `c|on kèmk ãxb|ã x` m|g m |g nlãz!}`y`zo|mz` cãzcgdnã+ }ã |bà`koao o |z` |ã jmtgb`| nã ndã Cgn|zm|` a` |ã lz`d|ã nlãzcgajã|mz` a`x |z` ` aã xbpaã xb|`|`y`. G.N nlãz!}`y`zo|mz` dmnã |` kkgd`y` |` nlzxba`+ loxm dmnã |` xmdpmzm n` jmtm |` jmxbcãvpnoao| zmdgnmk+ loxm nem on|`z`xo `cgngaoc cpzx` loxm |` |d`zm vãz xbcmc |` kolbd`x xã mk`mnhmy` nã mxv`c|on ` xoepzoxã. Ajo jmtm ed`gx|zm|èdoc` ed`gx|zm|èdoc` ` ed`gvgko|oc` dmn` |` czodpmzm c`|g G.N xo3 Gzemnotm|m ` Xb|`|`y` Ma`zocmn` Ma`zocmn` "GMX/+ Koem Mzmj`+ Gzemnotm|m ` Pno|`|o| Mizocmn "GMP/+ Mxghomhogno o Cgaj`y` |ã Mtoxã Dpekonlgz` "MX@MN/ `|d. Mvg `lb` on|`z`xmy` `cgngaoc a` cmzmc|`z zèdognmk xo v.xb4 H`n|zmk @pzgv`mn Iz`` \zml` Mxxghom|ogn"H@I\M/+ Ngz|b Ma`zohmn Iz`` \zml` Mez`à`n| "NMI\M/ `|d. Xo lb` gzemnotm|m| |d`zm vãz åãxb|d` xoepzo` xo v.xb Gzemnotm|m ` Vmc|o| Y`zo! M|kmn|oc"NM\G/+ Gzemnotm|m vãz Xoepzo lb` Jmxbcãvpnoa n` @yzgv`! "GXJ@/+ xo lb` locpz Gzemnotm|m ` Vmc|o| |ã Ymzxbmyãx. Cpzx` Gzemnotm|m| ionmnhomz` ` `cgngaoc` a` v`xb` |` amlb` dmn` nem ` mxb|p}pmd|pzm mxb|p}pmd|pz m xox|ào ‛Jz`||gn Ugglx‑ cp lgkkmzo p j` agn`lbm }`nlzgz` lb` `cpoymk`n|` ` ymkp|`x ekgjmk`+ o hoko yk`zãn ` y`| ` ajzgn|`'emzmn|gn|` a` mzo. Nem c xox|à zzd`lbãn l gzemnotm|m| a` z` zãnlãxoxba` ionmnhomz` `lb` xg| nã jg|ã. Ignlo Agn`|mz Nlãzcgajã|mz lb` Jmncm Jg|ãzgz`. Nã cã|ã mxv`c| edo|bmxb|p p czodpm Gzemnotm|m Jg|ãzgz` ` \zè|oxã "U\G/ ` hokm iokkoaoxb| p }pmd| Amzzãy`xbdm ` vãzedo|bxba` ajo \mzoim| lb` \zè|onã EM\\ "E`n`zmk Mez`à`n| gn \mzoiix mnl \zml`/ =?<5 vgz p àãz|pm a` =??0 n` U\G. Cã|g gzemnotm|m dmnã dmxb|ãtmcgnoxb| |` zãnlãxoxba` n` AN lb` nã Lovkgamho x`vx` igzam a` ` xbv`xb|` lb` aãnzm a` gv|oamk` ` y`vzoao| lovkgam|oc dmnã |mcoa`+ ajk`lbd`|+ cgni`z`nhm| lb` vd`xãamzzdm n` G.N. Mnã|mzãxoao nã cã|g onx|o|phogn` apnlãxgn vd`xãamzzd`n mc|oy` n` vgko|oc`n nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` nã ajzgd|d`n on|`z`xmy` x|zm|èdoc` x|zm|èdoc` |ã vgko|oc`x xã dmxb|a` |ã y`nlo|. Nã npaãz xbpa` aã |ã amlb` dmnã G.N |ã kkgdo| |d`|ãz + vzm m|g dg}`y`zo|mz` |` hokm| cmn` ndã zzd`| |` ed`z` lb` y`vzoa|mzom ` |z` ãxb|ã ` xbpamnxba`. Cã|g cmn` loxm vãzvmzãxo+ vmxo }` nlocoao ãxb|ã a` mim|edm|`+ a` o lz`d|vãzlz`d| lb` a` ìocmx. V.xb Ez``nv`mh` mvg Cz}o O Cp} Nlãzcgajã|mz+ \zmnxvmz`nh 88



On|`znm|ognmk cmn` nlocoa `lb` |` gvonogn jg|ãzgz vgz `lb` |`c y`nl`| y`å ` y`å. Cã|g xbiz|ãtgdnã vpjkoho|`| lb` x`nxojokotgdnã gvonognon lpc` nlocpmz |` }`y`zo|ã vãza`x vz`xogno| |` gvonogno| vpjkoc. Zgko o |z` n` A. N xbob`| edo|bndã ` a` o zãnlãxoxbãa zãnlãxoxbãa ` a` onikp`nhp`x. onikp`nhp`x.

Onohom|oym ` noxpz nem Cgaj`| `

Jmxbcpmzm }` nem yo|o =??2 vãz ndã ‛lomkge a`x i`y`‑+ }` `zlb` xo cpnlãzvãzedoed` nlmd |`t`x xã ‛vãzvkmxd`y` |` hoyokotoa`y`‑ ed`|o ndã vãzczmbd` nem xbpa` xb|`|`+ gzemnotm|m lb` y`åmnãzoxb| nem y`|ã cgapno|`|`| ` aãlbm i`|mz`. Lovkgamhom vãzixbon a` cã|ã zmx| vzm |b`kkoaon lb` igzhoaon ` amzzãlbãno`y` |ã aozm a` y`nl`| lb` lomkgep| a`x hoyokotoa`y`+ edã |` hokãn `lb` G. N apnl |` nlocgdnã n` amx` |` xb|pmz n` cã|ã lz`d|oa.

Ioepzm4 Ikmapd| }` z`vz`t`n|gdn xb|`|`| onloyolpmk` |ã nlãzkolbpzm n` xox|àon nlãzcgajã|mz.

8<



5. Bzd` nã Lovkgamhonã Vpjkoc`. M|m }ã xbvz`xpmn x` vmx zãno`x xã Cgapnotao| `zlbo ipnlo o ol`gkgedoy` lb` lgeamy`+ oxbon |ã tbeãnd`z boå a` vmc x` jz`nlm ndã l`cml`. Xocpzx` nã cgbãn `

jovgkmzo|`|o|

cpz

lgaongn|`

vgko|ocm

`

ol`gkgedoy`+

`lb`

xg|

jg|m ãxb|ã ` nlocpmz n` amx` |` amlb` nem m|g y`nl` ` ezpv` }ã vz`|`nlgdnã |ã d`nã nã vgx`loa |ã xã yãz|`|ãx mjxgkp|`. mjxgkp|`. Vgkmzotoao nã yodm nlmzãx` ãxb|ã mcgam ndã ip}o }ã lgaongn nã loxm vd`xã |ã jg|ãx. Cgnh`v|o o Xoepzoxã }ã jmtgb`| n` ‛lokàãn ` xoepzoxã‑ edèdãxoxb| n` zz`tocpn }` cmngx`| nem mzao}|ã ` dmxb|ãa+ ndã x|zm|èdo ` yd`|ãz em|o xm y`| nd`zãtoao+ ãxb|ã ndã lpcpzo }ã ymtblgn |` onx|zpa`n|mkotgb`| onx|zpa`n|mkotgb`| lb` |` d`|ã n` xbãzjoa |` vpxb|`|o|. Kpi|m cpnlãz |`zzgzotao|+ oxb|` ndã |à` jgxb| ` vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a` lb` ` xoepzoxã |ã Xb.J.M!y`+ }` nem xpka`| ` ==. Xb|m|gzo| |` yo|o| :66=+ ` hokm+ vãzy`å |d`zmxb+ }go `lb` |`c on|`zy`noa`| pxb|mzmc` n` Miemnox|mn lb` Ozmc. Lovkgamhom xo a`nz` ` cgapnocoao| a`x xb|`|`y` lb` xo ad`| o nèghoao| npc `zlb` n` xbvz`bd` xm lpb`| edm|` cãxmd cgb`. Ed` ` hokm n` z`|zgxv`c|oy` xbob`| xo nd` amneãxo ` x|zm|èdox` x` vãzedo|bxba` vgko|oc`. Lovkgamhom xo ndã vz`d agngvgk`y` |ã ipnlo| }` o cm aj`|` `nl` }`y`zoxã+ cm iokkpmz |` d`|` edo|bndã ` a` xbpa` lga`n o y`vzoao| `lb` nem gzemnotm|m| nl`z!}`y`zo|mz` zèdognmk`+ nem GD]!|ã+ nem ezpv`| ` nlzxba` on|`z`xo "xo v.xb. cgavmno|ã xbpaãcgajãxb`+ kgjo| `|d/ xo lb` nem onloyolã| a` onikp`nh`. Lovkgamhom vãzixbon igzaoaon+ tbyokkoaon lb` igzhoaon ` amzzãlbãno`y` |ã aozm a` y`nl`| ` |d`zm. Lovkgamhom cm |ã jãdã vzm a` mnemtboaon ` }`y`zox` x` ndã xb|`|o a` }`kkoa |ã cgn|mc|o| lb` |ã lomkgep| a` xb|`|`| ` |d`zm. Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc` vãzixbon aãnzãn lb` ad`|`| }ã cm nã loxvgtohogn ndã xb|`| vãz |ã nlocpmz ajo }mz}`| ` y`nloa!amzzd`x lb` vpjkocpn ` ed`z` ndã xb|`|o lb` xbg}ãzom xbg}ãzo m |d`|ãz ]ãkkoao vmzãxgz ãxb|ã vzm vãz |ã nlocpmz n` }`y`zo|ã ` bpmdm nãvãzad`| gzemnotm|my` lb` mc|gz`y` dg!}`y`zo|mz` vãza`x pxb|zoao| |` lovkgamhoxã vpjkoc` Zãnom ` Apzo| |` J`zkono| lb` xbvmz|mkkoao o xox|ào| jovgkmz+ cm z`tpk|pmz `lb` n` nlzxboaon ` aãnzãx x` vgko|ocjãzd`x xã dmxb|a`. X|zm|èdom ` z` lovkgam|oc` npc oxb|` m} xbpa` ` cgnh`n|zpmz n` ad`|`| ` igzhãx pxb|mzmc`+ vgz a` a` xbpa` n` zmvgz|` `cgngaoc` `cgngaoc` ` cpk|pzgz`. cpk|pzgz`.

Cã|g nlzxboa` nlzxboa` 80



vmzmloeam|oc` }pmn `lb` |`c cgnh`v|oa`| ` z`dm n` amzzãlbãno` nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` lovkgamho. Imc|gzotoao lb` nezo|dm ` zgko| |` a`lomy`+ GD]! y` lb` cgzvgzm|my` apk|onmhognmk` }gd `lb` cãzc`xm| ` z`dm |` y`vzoao| lovkgam|oc+ vzm |` ndã lovkgamho vpjkoc`+ }` ndob`| `lb` xo lovkgamhom ` z`+ lovkgamhom a`lomk`+ cpk|pzgz` `|d. Nlãzymzxbaãzom ` cã|z` imc|gzãy` a` mc|gz`| ` nlzxbãa n` amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` z`tpk|gdã |` nezo|dm ` cmvmho|`|`y` lb` igzamy` |` z`dm n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a`. Agl`ko o y`vzoao| o ndgbpz edm|` cgbãx x` Kpi|ãx x` I|gb|` oxb|` o |`dcmkpmz |mxba`. Cgavmno|ã vz`x|oedogt` n` ipxbãn amzzãlbãno`x a` vpjkocpn "VZ!Me`nh/ mnemtbgb`n n` cã|ã lz`d|oa edo|bndã ` aã xbpaã nem }`y`zo|ã ` y`nl`y` |ã nlzxba`.

Åcm ãxb|ã Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc`7 Vmzm x` |ã vãzedoedào nã v`|d`n ` xb|zpmz aã xovãz+ x` åcm ãxb|ã lovkgamhom vpjkoc`+ lpb`| xb}z|pmz tmnmiokkãn ` cã|od |`zao lb` cgn|`cx|o| box|gzoc+ vgko|oc lb` lovkgam|oc nã |ã hokãn ãxb|ã igzapmz igzapmz lb` tbyokkpmz xo cgnh`v|. Idmkm L. V. "|p|d` xo xbcpz|`xã/ bzo n` vãzlgzoa nem a`xo o yo|`y` =?96 lb` edm|` yo|`y` =?56!|m n` XB.J.M nem lovkgam|`| lb` tz|mz`| ` L`vmz|ma`n|o| |` Xb|`|o|+ xo tãy`nlãxoa mvg `piàotãa o |`zao| Vzgvmemnl` }` coxb|` cgng|mhogn` nèm|oy`. Vãz b`z` |` vmz` ` vãzlgzo @lpmzl Epkkogn+ l`cmn o Imcpk|`|o| |` Lz`d|ãxoxã lb` Lovkgamhoxã n` Pnoy`zxo|`|on ` \pi|x!o| n` yo|on =?90. Mo oxb|` `lb` o vmzo mp|gz }` dmvo dmvo ndã vãzcpiotoa |ã vz`zã zz`|b zz`|b mxmd x` åcm ãxb|ã L.V+ cp xovmx |od lovkgamhom vpjkoc` ãxb|ã ‛xbcmcp lb` ì`c|o o vpjkoc`x }ãnlzoa`| lb` a`nloa`| |ã hokm| nlocgdnã nã igzapkoaon lb` `ct`cp|oaon ` vgko|ocãx xã dmxb|a`.‑ Nã imc| lovkgamhom vpjkoc` xo |`za ãxb|ã xbim}pz xbpaã aã b`zã|+ nã yo|on =209 n` emt`|ãn kgnlon`t` ‛ \oa`x‑ oxb|` ndã mz|ocpkk cp h`c`d c |`za+ ` aã ygnã `lb` n`vãz emt`|m ma`zocmn` xo ‛Nù _gzc \oa`x‑+ ‛Umxbone|gn Vgx|‑ mvg ‛Hbzox|omn Xho`nh` Agno|gz‑ ãxb|ã vãzlgzpz nã cgn|`cx|` lb` v`zoplbm |ã nlzxba`. Yo|`y` =?56 xbv`xb b`z` oxb|` idmk` |d`|`z v`z Vzgvmemnl`n+ ` hokm }` nem cgbm ` xbiz|`toao| nem nmtotao coxb|` cgng|mhogn` nèm|oy`+ nèm|oy`+ vzmnlmd L.V xo x o mk|`znm|oy` ` xmd oxb|` a` ` vzmnp`xba` lb` v`zlgz`d a` k`b|` nem mnm ` }`y`zox` 89



ma`zocmn` n` kolbd` a` onigzaoaon nl`zcgaj`|mz+ zmvgz|`| lb` xbcàjoa`| cpk|pzgz` `|d. Xg| c |`za vãzlgz`| xo n` vzmc|oc`n lovkgam|oc` mxb|p `lb` n` ipxbãn mcmlàoc`+mn`cãnl jg|`x+ lpc` nãncpv|pmz mc|oyo|`| cpk|pzgz`+ onigzaoaon lb` jmxbcãvpnoaon nlãzxb|`|ãzgz n` zzmixbon a` |` ed`z`. @lb` n` lovkgamhonã jzo|mnoc` ed`|o xbvz`bd` c |`za vãz |` vãzxbczpmz gzo`n|oaon agl`zn |` lovkgamhoxã lb` vãzixbon ndã cgajonoa |` amzc`|onep| vgko|oc+ vzgvmemnlãx lb` mizoao| cpk|pzgz ` xbc`nhgz a` vpjkocpn ` y`nl`y` |` bpmdm. Xovmx ndã Med`nxogno ma`zocmn nem X|m|` L`vmz|ma`n|o "PXOM/ L.V xbob`| xo ndã aãnzã ` vzgagyoao| |` on|`z`xmy` lb` yk`zmy` ma`zocmn` vãza`x cpv|oao|+ onikp`nhoao| lb` onigzaoao| |` mplo`nhãx xã bpmd. Cpzx` xovmx ndã xbc`nhã|mzo |d`|ãz ma`zocmn ma`zocmn Bmnx \phb+ \phb+ L.V ãxb|ã vzgh`x o cgapnocoao| cgapnocoao| |` }`y`zox` a` vpjkocpn ` bpmd a` }`kkoa |` vz`tmn|oao| |` yk`zm lb` ol`y`+ |` onx|o|phogn`y` lb` cpk|pzãx cgajã|mz |` vgko|oc`x xã ndã xb|`|o. Lovkgamhom vpjkoc` ãxb|ã ndã nem åãxb|d`| aã |ã xvocm|pzm |ã cgapnocoao| vgko|oc lb` ndã nem `kà`n|`| a` }`nlzgz` |` mc|oyo|`|`y` lovkgam|oc` nã cã|ã xb`cpkk.

Ioepzm4 Gzemnoezmao o Med`nhogno| ma`zocmn v`z Lovkgamho Vpjkoc`

Mdg ãxb|ã ndã |`za }ã vãzxbczpmn aãnzm| lb` ad`|`| a` |ã hokm| xb|`|`|+ mk`mnhm| ` xb|`|`y`+ lb` mc|gzã| ` |d`zã dg}`y`zo|mz cpv|gdnã cpk|pzm|+ }ãnlzoa`| lovkgam|oc`+ lb` xd`kkd`| vgko|oc` |` xb|`|`y` |d`zm3 czodgdnã lb` 85



a`nmrbgdnã amzzãlbãno`| a` cã|g+ xo lb` xngdnã |` onikp`nhgdn` gvonognon vpjkoc |` |z` a` }`kkoa |` mymnhoao| |` yk`zmy` lb` on|`z`xmy` |` y`|m. Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc` vãzixbon a`nz`n lb` ad`|`| }ã cm nã loxvgtohogn ndã xb|`| vãz |ã nlocpmz ajo }mz}`| ` y`nloa!amzzd`x lb` vpjkocpn ` ed`z` ndã xb|`|o. ]ãkkoao vmz`xgz `xb|` vzm vãz |ã nlocpmz n` }`y`zo|` ` bpmdm nãvãzad`| gzemnotm|my` lb` mc|gz`y` dg!}`y`zo|mz` v`za`x pxb|zoao| |` lovkgamhoxã vpjkoc` n` igzam lb` a`nzm nem a` |` nlzxba`|. Vãz |ã cpv|pmz L.V. aã aozã lpb`| |ã x}mzgdaã a` m|ã x` åcm ãxb|ã vpjkocp. Vpjkocp ãxb|ã ndã ezpv nd`zãtoxb }ã cm on|`z`xoa lb` nlocoa mc|pmk mvg vg|`nhomk nã xbg}ãzo. Nã cpv|oaon ` ed`zã vzm dmnã |` edo|bã v`zxgnm| }` cmn` vd`xãamzzd` gx` nlocoa n` d`|ãn vpjkoc`. Vzm vpjkocdm ãxb|ã ` cpnlãz|m ` xi`zãx vzoym|`x. Xovmx xbpaã lod`|mzãy` lod`|mzãy` cdg ãxb|ã vmzmcpxb| o làgczmhoxã. L.V ãxb|ã ndã kkgd cgapnocoa amxoy a` gvonognon ` bpmd lpc` p jmtpmz n` a`cmnotam |` nlãz|oao| |` lomkgep|+ aozãcpv|oao| lb` ajpkoao| a`lom|oc |` cã|z`

vãzvd`cd`y`.

amzc`|onep+vzgvmemnlm+

Vzmnlmd

n`

AV+

Emt`|mzom

cgny`nhognmk`'|zmlohognmk`. cgny`nhognmk`'|zmlohognmk`.

cã|ã mvg

cpv|oa `lb`

nlzxbgn nem

Lovkgamhom |zmlohognmk` ãxb|ã

nem

lovkgamhom ` jmtpmz n`

amzzãlbãno`| ` nd` }`y`zo` a` }`y`zonã mvg }`y`zo|ã |d`zm+ mdg vpjkoc` `xb|` a` xbpa` x` cm}. L.V npc `xb|` nd` a`nz` mvg onx|zpa`n| ` vmzm}o|d`x x` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` |` }`y`zox` vgz a` xbpa` yk`zmy`+ cpk|pz`x lb` on|`z`xmy` |` edo|bàjmzxba` vgko|oc` ` xbg}`zgz` |` nd` y`nlo. L.V npc `xb|` n` xb`zjoa |` nd` }`y`zo` vgz n` z`nl |` vmz`+ |` xb|`|o| lb` on|`z`xmy` |` xmd mim|edm|`. L. V lmkkgb`| vz`d lovkgamhoxã ckmxoc` mvg |zmlohognmk` x`vx` npc xngn+ n` z`nl |` vmz`+ jmxbcãvpnoaon+ cgapnocoaon lb` yãno`n ` amzzãlbãno`y` a` }`y`zo|ã ` bpmdm vgz y`åmnãzoxb| a` onx|o|phogn`| dg!}`y`zo|mz`+ gzemnotm|m| lb` onloyolã| ` n` y`nl`| ` bpmdm. Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc` vzgagygn vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` lb` on|`z`xm| ` xb|`|o| vãza`x onigzaoao| lb` onikp`nhoao| |` vpjkocp| |` bpmd vãz nlgndã åãxb|d` |` hmc|pmz mvg vãz oamtbon ` vãzedo|bxbãa |` xb|`|o|. N` vd`x`n lãzap`x` |` zmx|`y`+ L.V yob`| n` vãzlgzoa xo cgnx`cp`nh` ` czotmy` mvg cgnikoc|`y`+ }` v`z on|`nhogn cm czodoaon ` nd` ckoa` a` ao}`xgz` cmzxbo nlgnd` xb|`|o lb` vgvpkko| |` y`|. ]`y`zo|`+ gzemnotm|m| dg}`y`zo|mz` mvg nl`zcgaj`|mz`+ n` zmx|` |` cã|okkm+ xbiz|`tgdn` LV xo vd`x` ` amxmy` |` 82



nlãzamzzm n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a`. L.V npc `xb|` y`|à nd` a`nz` mvg onx|zpa`n| ` vmzm}o|d`x x` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` |` }`y`zox`+ vgz a` xbpa` ` yk`zmy`+ cpk|pz`x lb` on|`z`xmy` |` edo|bàjmzxba` vgko|oc` ` xbg}`zgz` |` nd` y`nlo. L.V npc `xb|` n` xb`zjoa |` nd` }`y`zo` vgz n` z`nl |` vmz`+ |` xb|`|o| lb` on|`z`xmy` |` xmd mim|edm|`. Vgko|ocm ` Dmxb|a` ` ndã xb|`|o nlocgb`| n` ndã amx` |` cgnxol`zp`xba` nem oamtbo lb` v`zh`v|oao o m|od xb|`|o n` jg|` mvg n` gvonognon vpjkoc |` nlgndã y`nlo |` y`åmn|ã. Xb.J.M!|` coxbon n` yo|`| ` cmkpmzm ndã vzgjkà |` cã|okkã. Czo|ocm| oxbon vãz xbcmc |` on|`zy`noa`y` pxb|mzmc` n` Ozmc ":668/+ Miemnox|mn+ vãz xbcmc |` jpzep| |` Epmn|mnmagx+ czotãx ionmnhomz` `|d. @lb` amzzãlbãno`| \zmnxm|kmnoc` xocpzx` `lb` a` jg|`n mzmj` oxbon vãzc`}ãxpmz admi|+ edã }ã }gd `lb` |` ndã kkgd Mn|oma`zocmnotao. Vz`xol`n|o o zo ma`zocmn Jmzmc Gjmam vzmnlmd vg |`n|gn }ã xm a` xbv`d| |ã dmv ndã vmad` xm a` vgto|oy` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` ma`zocmn`. N` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` ma`zocmn`+ }`nlzm y`nlgxd`d` dmnã4 Vz`xol`n|o+ L`vmz|ma`n|o o Xb|`|o|+ Cgnez`xo lb` X`nm|o xo lb` ndã npaãz o amlb` o mc|gz`y` |d`zã dgigzamk. Y`nloa`| ` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a`+ apnl |` d`n` c`xb|p |` |z` kkgd`y`3 Y`nloa`| vkmnoiocp`x`+ y`nloa`| ` czotmy` lb` y`nloa`| zp|on`. L.V vãzixbon tmcgnoxb| l aãnzm y`vzoao4 N` ndãzãn mn`+ mdg ãxb|ã n` ipncxogn |` onigzaoao| vgko|oc+ a` }`kkoa |` onikp`nhoao| |` vgvpkkm|ãx n` ndã y`nl |d`|ãz vãz ajzgd|d`n+ x}mzoaon ` nlgndã åãxb|d` |` hmc|pmz |` }`y`zox` lb` vgko|oc`x x` xb|`|o|. Lb` cã|g y`vzoa` dmnã tmcgnoxb| vãz ndã mim| a` |` xbcpz|ãz cgbgz. Cpzx`

n`

zzmixbon

|d`|ãz

vz`|`nlgb`|

}`

vãza`x

cgapnocoao|

lb`

jmxbcãvpnoao| cpk|pzgz` ` mcmlàoc |` czodgb`n kolbd` a` |` aozm a` m|ã xbg}ãzo. L. V apnl |` }pb`| a` idmk` |d`zm `lb` xo amzzãlbãno` a` vpjkocpn nlãzcgajã|mz. Lovkgamhom vpjkoc` npc vpngn y`|ãa vãza`x cmnmk`y` tz|mz` ` xb|`|ãzgz`+ xoå ãxb|ã aonox|zom+ majmxmlgz`|+ |ã lãzepmzo| xv`homk! àoxmzã| `|d. Vgz `lb` vãza`x |` mxb|p}pmd|pzmy` mxb|p}pmd|pzmy` \bonc \mncx+ X|mhogn`y` X|mhogn`y` \`k`yotoy`+ Zmlog+ Emt`|my`+ Z`yox|my`+ Kgjoy` lb` xbpa` ad`|`y` |d`zm cgapnocoao. L.V vãz a` }`nã ì`c|oy` lb` iz|lbãnãx` o lpb`| }ã v`zxgnm| |ã hokã| a`zz`n a` |ã+ |ã d`nã `cxv`z|` |` |zmdnpmz aozã nã ipxbãn ` vkmnoiocoao|+ cgapnocoao| x|zm|èdoc lb` |ã }mxdãx vzgmc|oy`. vzgmc|oy`. Mdg czodgn vmzmcpxb|` vãz czodoa czodoa ` gvonogno| 8?



vgto|oy vãz vgko|oc`n lb` oamtbon ` ndã xb|`|o |` hmc|pmz. Cdg o nlobagn n` amx` |` amlb` lovkgamhoxã lb` k`b|ãxgn ` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` |` xb|`|o|+ vgz `lb` cgavmnoy`+ jotn`x`y` mvg gzemnotm|my` |` m|od y`nlo. Edo|bmxb|p ãxb|ã ndã nloba`x` ` amlb` vãz nlãz|oaon vmzmvzmc |` cgnx`nxpxo| lb` vãzem|o|d`x x` cpxb|`y` vãz mlz`xoaon ` ndã åãxb|d` |` hmc|pmz. Nlocoao o xmd vzmc|oc ãxb|ã tmcgnoxb| mim|edm|`+ vzmnlmd `lb` y`vzoao lpb`| |` d`|` v`z nd` cgb` a` |` edm|`+ gx` n` zmx|` a` |` aoz`+ n` ymtbloaãxo. Kpi|m ` I|gb|` lb` mn`clg|m a` X|mkonon lb` Vmvãn lb` Hbpzhbok a` Agznone Vgx| edm|` =?:6 lb` Hbohmeg \zojpn` edm|` Kpi|ãx x` OO!|` Jg|ãzgz`. JJH+ T`zo o Ma`zoc`x+ L`p|xhb` U`kk`+ PXMOL+ Jzo|oxb Hgpnhok `|d xo ad`|` |` L.V. V`zh`v|oao lb` Vz`tmn|oao vãz nlgndã xb|`| ãxb|ã xbv`xb mzx` ` x|`zg|ov`y`+ ` ckoxb`y` lb` ` vmzmedcoa`y` vmzmedcoa`y` vãz m|ã xb|`|. Nd` xbàjpkk nem vãzygdm v`zxgnmk` ` okpx|zgn c`|` nlgxb|m a` x` aozo4 N` cgb`n cpz }`y`zom Z`vpjkoc`x x` Cgxgy`x mnemtbgn cgavmnon` vz`x|oedogt` jzo|mnoc`!otzm`ko|` ‛Xm|xhbo ) Xm|xhbo‑ a` nd` xbpaã vz`d 0.5 Aokogn @pzg v`z |` kgjpmz n` ndgbd`n ` xb|`|`xox` x` Cgxgy`x lb` v`zaoz`xoaon ` Oamtbo| |` xmd n` jg|`+ apm edm|` vzo|d`x n` m`zgvgz| a` zzm n` lgz` emt`|m |mjkgol` kgnlon`t` ‛Lmok Aozzgz‑ a` |ozmtb xbpaã |` kmz|`+ ` hokm coxb|` n` jmkkon` ndã x|gzo` x |gzo` xbpa` jgajmx|oc` vãz h`xb|d`n ` yzmxãxo| xb}ov|mz` |` hok`| d`|gdn` |` koz` n` Jzo|mno. C kmda+ n` a`xon `lb` |ã xbpa` kmda`y` lb` zmvgz|oa`y` |d`zm nèm|oy` mvg `lb` |`nl`nhogt`+ czodgn nd` vm}z` |` |a`zzxba` v`z oamtbon ` xb}ov|mz`y` ` a` c`|` `lb` |` Cgxgy`x+ Cgxgy`x+ }` v`z vmxgd` cm ì`c|` |` lãaxba` lb` mim|edm|`. Nd` xbàjpkk admi| on|`z`xmn|+ }` `xb|` `lb` nd` zoxo n` Lovkgamhon` Vpjkoc` y`hmn`zoxb| xm o v`zc`| kgjoao| v`z ndgbd`n ` nd` y`nlo+ `xb|` noxam ` nl`zamzz` nem nd` xb}ov|mzg!ma`zocmn Dma`x J`zoxbm. Lpc` }`n` vokg| a` vzgi`xogn mo coxb|` nl`zamzz` nd` ipxbm|` |` xpcx`xxba` vpjkoho|`|o lpc` ikp|pzpmz n`v`z y`nl`| ` Ma`zoc`x dpegz`+ a` nd` m`zgvkmn vzoym| lb` a` ajoxbczoaon cp mv`kgn|` n` ndgbd`n ` Cgxgy`x xo xb|`| |` vmymzpz. Mo vg mxb|p coxb|` nd` im}` on|`zn`|o+ a` xkkgemn|` }mz|` ‛Ikp|pzoao v`z Cgxgy`n‑ lb` a` vkmnon ` l`x|onmhogno|+ y`nlnlglbd`n lb` mz|ocpd| v`z c`|` noxa` nem emt`|m |` nlzxba` jg|`zgz`. C mc| vm|zog|oc lb` mc|oyo|`| o nd` onloyolo vm|o d`bgn` n`v`z a`lom lb` apnl |` xb`zj`d xo agl`k o y`vzoa|mzox` n` LV n` emaãn ` ed`z` |` mc|oyo|`|`y` |` xmd. <6



Cpzx` xbàjpkk vgto|oy vãz L.V lb` oamtbo| |` aoz` apnl |` a`zz`n+ jo` idmkm+ |pzotao cpk|pzgz lb` v`zh`v|oao vãz tyoh`zmn+ mpx|zomc`| mvg izmnh`t`|. Cdg ãxb|ã nm|zoxb| `lb` åãxb|d` ` ‛amzc`|onep|‑ }` j`b`| vãza`x lovkgamhoxã cpk|pzgz` xo i`x|oymk`y` iokaoc` "Hmnn`x+ Y`n`locp|+ J`zkono| `|d./ ` aptocgz`+ cmznmymk` mvg i`x|m |` nlzxba` cpk|pzgz`. Vgz dg y`|ãa |pzotao vgz `lb` ony`x|oa`| ` dmxb|a` ymz`n nem oamtbo }` eãtgn mo y`nl. Y`nl`| }` cgnxol`zgb`n xo |` „zz`tocxba`‛ npc dmnã m|zmc|oy` mx vãz ony`x|oa` vgz mx vãz `cxvgz|` |` vzglpc|`y`. Amkkzm| ed`zamn eãtgdnã |`c n` ndã j`xp`xbaãzo lb` vgvpkkmzo|`| vãz xbcmc |` „cpmko|`|o|‛ `lb` vx` xbv`xbb`zã m|g npc vzglbgb`n imz` n` Ed`zamnoX` vgko|ocm ` dmxb|a` ymz`| `lb` nem v`zh`v|oa`| v`zh`v|oa`| v`z y`nl`| ` hmc|pzm mvg `lb` nem gvonogno o jz`nlxbà vpjkoc+ nm ` okpx|zgn mn`|mz`xoao o Cgni`z`l`zm|`x B`ky`|oc`. M ` lono vzm cpz lb` vx` p mnã|mzãxpm mnã|mzãxpm Tyohzm n` Cgaj`| ` Jmxbcpmzm7 Vmx xbpa` lãxb|oa`xb n` zì`z`nlpa+ n` yo|on :66: tyoh`zmn`| aozm|pmn mnã|mzãxoaon n` cã|ã gzemnotm|` jg|ãzgz`. Mzx`| dmnã x`vx` vgvpkko oxb|` lãxbao|mz o xb|oao| |ã kolbxbaãzoxã lb` ymzxbaãzoxã xã xb|`|`y` lb` x` GCJ!dm gizgn|` vãzvmzãxo n` cã|ã mxv`c| lb` x` oxb|` lgagxlgxbaãzo ` cgbãx. Vzmnlmd vãzczmbdm ` gvonogno| vpjkoc n` y`nl vãz ndã h`xb|d` |` hmc|pmz ãxb|ã dmxb|ãtmcgnoxb| ` zãnlãxoxba`+ ` xbv`xb `lb` l`|`zaonp`x` n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a`. Vgz vãzczmbdm mvg agxvãzczmbdm xbv`xb ymz`| `lb` nem loxvgnoao o mk`m|`y` lb` xb|`|`y` |d`zm+ |` hokm| y`vzgdnã n` vãzvp|bd` a` on|`z`xm| ` |z` `cgnoaoc`+ ed`gx|zm|èdoc` ed`gx|zm|èdoc` vgz `lb` nem loxvgnoao o gvonogno| vpjkoc n` y`nl. L.V dmn` on|zpa`n| vgko|oc lb` a`nz` ` y`vzoao| lovkgam|oc+ }` v`zlgz`| nem xb|`|`|+ gzemnotm|m| lb` onx|o|phogn`| ` nlzxba` vgz xb|zgb`| v`|dm3 v`|dm3 x` m `xb|` `lb` ipxb` mcmlàoc` lb` loxovkon` xbc`nhgz` mvg dg7 V`z |` mzlb` |` nd` v`zedoed` lpb`| x` vmzo |` o xb}z|gda` lokàm| |` hokm| nm vmzm}o|`| a` xb|zpmzd`n ` c`zc`x`x v`z |zmd|oa xbc`nhgz |` L.V. Iokkoaoxb|+ cdg `xb|` y`z|`|` nd` |à` ` hokm cm nd` box|gzo z`km|oyoxb| |` xbcpz|` lb` ` hokm n` |` xbpa|`n ` zmx|`y` cm }`n` ` tbyokkpmz nem }mz}` }`y`zo|mz` ` tz|mz`+ lpc` ` mnmxbckmpmz vzgyono`nh`n pnoy`zxo|mz` mvg bpkpa|p`x`. Cdg `lb` ` xg| `xb|` nd` lìoho| o lpcxbà n` L.V+ x` xbpaohm ` bpkpa|oa`y` dmn` a` xbpa` n` igza` |` z`cgamnloa`y` v`z gzemn` |` hmc|pzm x`xm vpnoa` xbc`nhgz` n` cmzmc|`z àvozoc mvg |`gzoc. <=



Mzx`dm |d`|`z `xb|` cgznotm| ` v`zhmc|pmzm mnmko|oc` |` L.V+ |` hokmz ne`z|b`dn` xbpa` loa`xognxgn` lb` dmn` |` bmvpzm v`z x`hok`n loxvokn` lb` |bpmdm n` himzz`lg igza` |` apnlxba`. Åcm ãxb|ã zgko o lovkgam|`y` xg| n` cgb`n ` ekgjmkotoao| |` onigzam|my`7 M admi|gdnã y`|ãa lovkgam|o lb` onx|zpa`n|`| ckmxoc` |` lovkgamhoxã vãz vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` |` ndã xb|`|o7 Nlzxboa` o cgn|`cx|`y` lb` zz`|bmnmy` n` zzmixbon ekgjmk+ zèdognmk vgz `lb` kgcmk a` vãzamxm |` dmxb|ãtmcgnxba` dmxb|ãtmcgnxba` cm xb|z` x b|z` }` `lb` igzam| ` l`zo|mnoxba` l`zo|mnoxba` |` y`vzoao| lovkgam|oc l`|zoaoxb| |` vmxgdnã nlzxboa`. A` xoepzo }` xg| npc admi|gn y`|ãa vpnm ` lovkgam|`y` n` jãzd`n ` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a`. A` xoepzo+ }` vmzmcpxb|`| vãz y`vzoa|mzo n` c`|ã mxv`c| cãzcgdnã `lb` ed`|d` |` a`|glmy`+ cgnh`v|`y` vgz `lb` |` x|ploa`y` |` z`dm n` cã|ã ipxb`.

Xi`zm| lb` Loa`nxogn`| ` Lovkgamhox` Vpjkoc` Xi`zm| cz`xgz` |` Lovkgamhox` Vpjkoc` dmn`3 

Vgko|oc`! Onikp`nhoao lb` Onigzaoao vz`d \Y!x` l`zo |` On|`zn`|o v`z nd` |à` |` hmc|pmzm gx` v`z on|`z`xm |` v`zedo|bxba` nmhognmk`.

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@cgngaoc`! Xmncxogn`| lb` @ajmzeg mvg vzgagyoao o Ony`x|oa`y` Ony`x|oa`y` `|d.

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Cpk|pzgz`! Xbcàjoa`| x|pl`n|gz` ` mcmlàoc`+ Vgvcpk|pzm+ Aglm+ Mz|ox|`|+ Xvgz|o `|d.

Igzhoao o vgto|`x n` jg|`n ekgjmk` x¼admi|gn y`|à lovkgamhom ckmxoc` vgz nd` cgajonoa a` L.V. Xovmx @lapnl Epkkogn+ }` ` v`zlgzo o vmzo nghognon L.V.+ c cgnh`v| cm c`|g loa`nxogn`4 loa`nxogn`4 Cpk|oyoao o gvonogno| jg|`zgz nem mnm ` }`y`zox` On|`zmcxogno o ezpv`y` vzoym|` "dg}`y`zo|mz`/ nl`zad`| nl`zad`| xb|`|`y`. Kmda`zoao+ zmvgz|oao o nedmzd`y` nedmzd`y` nem jg|m lb` mnmxd`kk|mx. Cgapnocoao v`z|`d cpiody` cgaj`|mz+ xo v`za`x lovkgam|`y`+ emt`|mz`y`+ mz|ox|`y`+ xbc`nh`|mz`y` `|d. Xovmx Amzc K`gnmzl dmn` c`|g mxv`c|`4 A`nmrboao o Onigzam|my`+ X|zm|èdom ` Cgapnocoao| lb` Czodoao o Vmz|n`zo|`|o|. Nl`zxm x|zm|èdo|` ` L.V!x` n` n ` mxv`c|on ` y`vzoao| cgbgz dmn` |` nlmzm n`4 <:



Z`mc|oy` mvg jz`nlm nd` mim|o |` xbcpz| cgbgz "gz` lb` lo|`/ }` lg |` |bg|` aã xbpaã x}mzp`x lb` |b`kkoao o aozãcpv|oao|. Vzgmc|oy` mvg mim|a`xa` "dmy` lb` apmd/ lb` mnemtbp`x` a` }mxd` |zmnxvmz`n|`. |zmnxvmz`n|`. Vãzvd`cd` vãz jonld`. Cgzz`c|p`x`! vãzaozãxoao o c`}cpv|oa`y` `y`n|pmk` lb` czodoao o oamtbo| vgto|oy`. Cpzx` nm vkmnon cgbgz `xb|` mim|edm|` }` xngn nlãz|oaon ` amzzãlbãno`y` ao}ãxgz`+ }gi|` a` nd` y`nl lb` xbg}`zo |` hmc|pmz mvg n` v`zedo|b`xo a` gvonognon jg|`zgz"a` jg|`zgz"a` yo|`/. Imtm| ` tbyokkoao| |` Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` nem c`nly`xb|zoao box|gzoc apnl |` nlmb`n n` c`|g v`zoplbm cgbgz`3 V`zoplbm l`zo lb` vmx K. OO J. "Lgc|zonm ` B.\zpamn lb` Vkmno o Amzxbmkko|/+ imtm edm|` Kpi|ãx xã I|gb|` "Igzaoao o Med`nxogn`y` |` xv`homkotpmzm+ v.xb PX Onigzam|ogn Me`nh n` yo|on =?08/+vmx zãno`x x` Apzo| |` J`zkono| z`xv`c|oyoxb| }ã nem xbàjdm ` xox|ào| cgapnox| lb` nlmzd`x jovgkmz`+ xo lb` vmx xpka`y` |`zzgzox|` |` ==. Xb|m|gzo|. Vãzvd`cd`| ma`zocmn` n` „kpi|ãn cpnlãz |`zzgzotao|‛ lb` L.V n` jg|`n mzmj` lb` oxkma`+ xo lb` z`meoao nlmd mn|o!ma`zocmnota mn|o!ma`zocmnotao|. o|. Gjd`c|oym| mim|edm|` ` x|zm|èdoc` |` Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` |` ndã xb|`|o dmnã }ã |‟p gizgd` nd`zãty` mnàjmnã jg|`x ndã yotogn lb` v`zh`v|oa vgto|oy |` y`nlo| }` ` vzgagygn m|ã+ |ã |b`kkgdã jmxbcãvpnoaon jmxbcãvpnoaon lb` ` on|`z`xm| on|`z`xm| ` vãzjmxbcã|m a`x a`x vgvpdy` n` y`nl` |` nlzxbãa+ xo lb` |` o otgkgd` lb` amzedonmkotgdã igzhm| `cx|zàox|`| "i`|mz` mvg vgko|oc`/ lb` |` o cpnlãzxb|gdã ol`gkgedonã ` |z` mn|olàgczm|oc`. L. V xbcgn vãz|`d lovkgamhoxã |zmlohognmk` lpc` cpk|oypmz lb` vzgagypmz ndã oamtb xm aã vgto|oy vãz y`| xb|`|on lpc` p ajãxb|`| nã nlgndã |àã |ã hmc|pmz mvg nã ymtbloaãxo lpc` cgapnocpmz lb` cggzlonpmz a` mc|gz` |` nlzxbãa ` dg y`|ãa }`y`zo|mzã| lb` tz|mzã|. Mzx`dm }`nlzgz` ` L. V ãxb|ã zzd`lbm ` onigzam|oy` lb` ol`y` |` vkmxpzm nem ndã xb|`| mvg gzemnotm|ã on|`znmhognmk` n` mz`nãn nlãzcgajã|mz`+ lpc` vãzixbozã a` cã|ã dg y`|ãa }`y`zo|ã vgz `lb` vpjkocpn ` ed`z`. Nã Xb. J. M `ctox|gn n` cpmlãz |` L`vmz|ma`n|o| |` Xb|`|o| "}` xbãzj`n xo Aonox|zo ` Vpnãy` |ã Dmxb|a`/ ndã n`n!aonox|zo mvg x`cxogn vãz L. V ` hokm cm tzm| vãz Vkmnoiocoa |` Onigzaoao| Nlãzcgajã|mz+ vmx|md vãz Amzzãlbãno` a` Vpjkocpn lb` tzãn vãz vkmnoiocoa |` vgko|ocmy` vãz Lovkgamhonã Vpjkoc`. Y`|` <8



imc|o x` ndã xb|`| cm} o ip}oxbãa o cpxb|gn m} xbpa` z`nlãxo cãxmd ipxb` ik`| vãz z`nlãxon }` cm L. V vãz ndã xb|`| lb` xolgagx vãz vgko|oc`n ` xmd |` dmxb|ãa. Lovkgamhom n` cã|ã cãnlyãxb|zoa `lb` vd`xã vãzjãzãx` ` V. D. vgz `lb` ad`| czphomk lb` onx|zpa`n| ì`c|oy o xmd. Xb. J. M vmx xpka`y` |`zzgzox|` |` == Xb|m|gzo|+ cmn` y`vzpmz n` xi`zãn ` vgko|oc`x x` dmxb|a` `lb` vãza`x cãxmd igza` |ã lovkgamhoxã. Cdg nedmzd` xo c|b`xã ` amlb` n` vgko|oc`n lb` xoepzonã nlãzcgajã|mz`+ cm z`tpk|pmz }` åãxb|d`| amlbgz` gx` noxam| vgko|oc` |` vzgagygb`n `lb` vãza`x |b`kkoao| |` ao}ãxoxã+ |` nlocoao| n` gvonogn lb` czodoao| |` cgn|mc|`y` lb` jmxbcãvpnoao| `lb` cpk|pzgz. Cãxb|p ndã mxv`c| o vgxmåãa o Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã `lb` Lovkgamhom Cpk|pzgz`. Cpk|pzgz`. Aèdo|bãx` L.V xbcgn vãz|`d lovkgamhoxã vãza`x aoxogn`y` |` v`zim}`xp`xo| z`xv`c|oyoxb| majmxmlmy` lb` cgnxpkkm|my` lb` jmz|`xy` |` |z`+ cmzmc|`zox|oc ` xmd `xb|` }` v`zb`z` ` a` |`v`z mdg ipxbãy`vzoa `lb` c`|z` onx|o|phogn`y`. C`xb|p jo` idmkm X|m|` L`vmz|a`n|o ma`zocmn coxb|` n` yo|on :669 ndã jprb`| vz`d =.< Aokomzl Ao komzl lgkkmzãxb vãz L. V lb` Onigzaoa |ã vpjkocp| nlãzcgajã|mz. nlãzcgajã|mz.

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2. Lovkgamhom Cpk|pzgz`. Vd`x` xbpa` ` zãnlãxoxba` lb` vãzjãzãx` ` lovkgamhoxã+ ` y`åmnãzoxb| ` Lovkgamhoxã vpjkoc` ãxb|ã `lb` lovkgamhom cpk|pzgz`. @ lgaonpmz vãz ndã cgb` |` edm|` nem ‛z`mkvgko|ocm‑! vzm nem vocãvmadm x` igzhm ` vpxb|`|o| ãxb|ã l`|`zaonp`x` n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a`+ cpk|pzm ãxb|ã nèkotbpmz lb` npc op ãxb|ã cpxb|pmz nlgndã yãa`nld` n` amzzãlbãno` nlãzcgajã|mz`. A` zzo|d`n ` apnlãxoy` |`cngkgedoc` ` cgapnocp`x` ãxb|ã xb|pmz `lb` on|`z`xoao lb` zgko o cpk|pzãx n` lovkgamho+ edã }` cm z`tpk|pmz n` czodoaon ` Lovkgamhoxã Cpk|pzgz`. Cdg nãncpv|gn+ }` cpk|pzm xo ndã yk`z` pnoy`zxmk` ` bpamn` apnlãxgn vz`tmn|oaon ` |zmxbãeoao|+ yk`zmy` lb` |` aozmy` cgajã|mz` n` jg|`. Lb` xo ` |okk` kpmn ndã zgk |` y`åmn|ã n` vgko|oc`n ` dmxb|a` |` ndã xb|`|o. Xbcãajoa`| ` xbpa|m lb` cgn|mc|`| ` nlzxba` cpk|pzgz` }` nlglbon xg| a`x vgvpdy`+ apnlãxgdnã cpv|oaon a` |ã aoz` |` nd`zo!|d`|zo| lb` jmxbcãvpnoaon a` |` nepxb|` nlãzad`| |z`. Cdg czodgn ndã jmtma`n| |` ip}oxba` vãz lovkgamhonã lpc` ` k`b|ãxpmz cgapnocoaon lb` |b`kkpmz amzzãlbãno`| a` y`nl`| |d`zm. Nd` mxv`c| admi| czphomk n` c`|` cgn|`cx| cmn` xolgagx xvgz|o lb` xbc`nhm. C`|p lpb`| amzz` vmzmxxb c`|g mc|oyo|`|` xo cmavognm|`| ` nlzxba` xvgz|oy`+ xo n` ip|jgkk+ jmxc`| mvg Gkoavomlm| cmn` nlocoa |` amlb` cpk|pzgz+ xbc`nhm lb` bpkpa|oa`|+ vãzygdm| lb` xbcãajoa`| n` Pnoy`zxo|`|` lb` Onx|o|p|` Bpkpa|p`x` nroxon jmxbcãvpnoaon lb` aozãcpv|oaon. Xbàjpkk dmnã xolgagx Pnoy`zxo|`|`| ma`zocmn`+ i`x|oymk`| aptocgz`+ n` i`x|oymk`| ` aptoc`x Dmtt mvg `lb` |` tbmnz`y` |` |d`zm+ vmx|md i`x|oymk`| conàm|gezmioc` n` Hmnn`x mvg n` Y`n`loc. Box|gzocoxb| xb|`|`| a` |` aãlbm lb` a` |` ip}oxba`+ coxbon nlocoa dg y`|ãa vgko|oc ` `cgngaoc vgz n` amx` |` amlb` `lb` cpk|pzgz+ iokkoaoxb| n` zèdogn mvg `lb` a` ed`z`. V`zmnlgzo|ã n` |` cmkpmzãn vãzhmc|gnon xbv`xb `lb` vzàoxm| x` åcm ãxb|ã cpk|pzm ` åcm dg. Cgkgnotoao o y`nl`y` mizocmn` ` mtom|oc` j`b`d tmcgnoxb| n`n v`|cpn ` x` mxb|p}pmd|pzãx ‛aoxogno o hoyokotoao|‑ cp cpk|pzm lb` }|`|ãzoao `yzgvomn xbãzj`non xo agl`k }` lpb`d tjm|pmz n` |`z` zzptpkkon |gcãxgz. Xoepzoxb| vzmvm cã|z` vz`|`cx|`y` ixbob`xbon }ãkkoa` |` <0



|d`zm+ vgz nlocoao cpk|pzgz+ lpc` p noxpz vz`d onx|mkoao| |` edpbãx ` l`zo |` y`xbajm|bdm mvg pxb}oao cmn` kãnã `lb` xg| ` cãxmd lo|` edpza` |` vmxbk`xba` n` m|g y`nl` }` oxbon locpz cgkgnom. Cãxb|p. v.xb edpbm mnek`t` xg| lgaongn `lb` vãz cã|ã mzx`+ gx` `lb` edpbm xvmndgkk` n` Ma`zocãn km|on`. Lb` cdg cm czodpmz kolbd` |zmlohognmk` cpk|pzgz` a`x Mnekoxã a` cã|g y`nl`+ z`xv`c|oyoxb| Xvmndãx a` xb|`|`| ` Ma`zocãx Dpegz` }` cmn` nlocoa |` dmxb|ãtmcgnxbãa `lb` n` amzzãlbãno`| lovkgam|oc` a`x |z`. Oamtbo o cã|z` xb|`|`y` ãxb|ã tmcgnoxb| vgto|oy+ vmxo nlocoao n` igzam |` nlzxba` cpk|pzgz`+ }gi|ã vãza`x A`lomy` `k`c|zgnoc`+ k`|ãzxoxã mvg `lb` aptocãx+ iokamy`+ xvgz|o| `|d. }gn n` ndã kkgd ‛`lpcoao‑ cpk|pzgz v`zamn`n|. N` mxv`c|on ` xoepzoxã yk`n vmzoao+ xovmx |` hoko| nãx` mzzono }` |` c`no ndã cgapnocoa |` xb`nlgxb lb` aozãcpv|oa xbcmkkm ` xoepzoxã lg |` d`|` xbpa` a` kmz|`+ vmxo a` c`|` czodgb`n a` xbpa` ao} n` y`nl |` mzao}y`. Vzmnlmd+ n` c`|ã cgn|`cx|+ lovkgamhom cpk|pzgz` czodgn vmzmcpxb|` xbpa` a` |` imygzxba`+ dg y`|ãa vãz lovkgamhonã vgz `lb` vãz xoepzonã cgajã|mz` lb` m|ã nlãzcgajã|mz`. Mxv`c|o cpk|pzgz o Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã n` cã|ã aãnz` ` kolbpz a` `kà`n|`| ` xbpa|m |` onigzaoao| vpjkoc lb` a` xi`zm |d`zm |` y`vzoao| n` zzmixbon ekgjmk. Xg| kozoxb| apnl |` iko|`| vãz ndã cpk|pz` }` cmv vãzamxm| |`dcgajã|mz` lb` cdg o xb|n xb|`|`| }` |` d`n` cgncpzzp`x n` j`|`dãn vãz nlocoa xm a` |` amlb n` cã|ã vzgh`x |` ekgjmkotoao| cpk|pzgz ` xbg}ãzgz. Lpc` iokkpmz nem cmnmk`| ` ndgbpzm |`k`yotoy` "xo v.xb HNN mvg A\Y/ x`zomk`| lb` iokam| "Bgkkugglo xo cz`}`nlãz jg|ãzgz` ` xmd lb` xongnoa o cpk|pzãx ma`zocmn`/ ` l`zo |` pxb}oao pxb }oao "Ahlgnmklx+ Hghm!Hgkm/ lb` aglm ` y`xbajm|bd`x. Cm xbpa` tãzm czo|oc` }` c`|ã vzgh`x lb` |z`nl tbyokkoao ` xbgbon xo ndã cãzh`noa x`zogt vãz cpk|pzãn ` |z` cgajã|mz`+ lb` ` ol`n|oiocgdnã xo ndã oav`zomkotãa cpk|pzgz+ vãz xbàjpkk Hghm!cgkgnotoao mvg AhUgzkl dmnã l vãzxbczoa` }` o jãb`n cãxmd lpcpzo`. Vzmnlmd xb|`|`| nlãzamzzon amxm |` xbpa|m }` |` vzgagygdnã cpk|pzãn lb` yk`zm| ` |z` n` jg|`. Cdg vzm+ j`b`| a` xb|oaon ` mc|oyo|`|`y` mc|oyo|`|`y` |` nlzxba` vãza`x Lovkgamhoxã Cpk|pzgz`. @lb` nã xi`zãn `cgngaoc`+ lovkgamhom cpk|pzgz` ãxb|ã ` ndã zãnlãxo` |` y`åmn|m+ vmxo xbpaã vzglpc|` lb` x`c|gzã `cgngaoc dmnã |ã ymzpzm `lb` nem vãzim}ãxoao lb` vz`x|oedo }ã eãtgdnã cã|g y`nl` nã jg|ã. Jo` idmkm+ |pzotao ãxb|ã

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ndã lèã `cgngaoc` }` `lb` |` lz`d|vãzlz`d| ` kolbpz a` amzc`|onepn lb` n` cpv|oaon a` |` ed`z` a` lovkgamhonã lovkgamhonã cpk|pzgz` lb` a` m|ã vpjkoc`. X|zpc|pzm| }ã a`zz`n a` lovkgamhonã cpk|pzgz` dmnã tmcgnoxb| |` ndãd|m xo m|g |` Lovkgamhoxã Vpjkoc`+ vzm dg y`|ãa lovkgam|`| vzgi`xognmk vgz `lb` mc|gz`| dgtz|mz }` y`vzgdnã nãvãza`x cmnmk`y` |` xbpa|m. @cxvgz|oao o yk`zmy` cpk|pzgz` xo agl`k `lb` vãz vgvpd| lb` y`nl`| |d`zm `ctox|gn }` nem cgbgz|m ` kmxb|m lb` ãxb|ã vzmc|ocpmz n` igzam |` nlzxba`+ vz`d |zè|mz`y` ` lod`|mz`y` l`zo |` lovkgam|`| tz|mz`. Xg| cdg nlglb` vãza`x Onx|o|p|`y` cpk|pzgz` ` edpbãxgz` }` `ctox|gdnã vzmnã xbpa` majmxmlmy` |` xb|`|`y` |` zãnlãxoxba` mvg `lb` xo |` vmymzpzm. Xo vãz xbàjpkk Cãxbokko Jzo|mnoc+ Onx|o|p|o o Cpk|pzãx O|mkomn` mvg Izmnh`t` mvg `lb` Dmyã| ` Cpk|pzãx gx` |ã iokao| ed`zamn+ ma`zocmn `|d+ }ã tbyokkgb`n `lb` |`c n` Cgxgyã ålg yo| }ã nem vãzipnloao o kpi|ãx. Vgz ndã zgk vg m} |` zãnlãxoxbãa n` vzgagyoaon ` cpk|pzãx lb` yk`zmy` cpk|pzgz` ` cgajã|mz` kpmdnã `lb` m|mxb`|ã ` Cpk|pzãx nãvãz Majmxmlm+ àoezmhogno lb` xbg}m|m| nã lomxvgzã+ tzm| vãz vzgagyoaon ` \pzotao|+ igzpa`| mz|ox|oc`+ xbc`nhgz` `|d.

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?. Amzzãlbãnom a` Vpjkocpn lb` Lovkgamhom Lovkga mhom Vpjkoc`. Tbyokkoao o bgyxbãa o xbc`nhmy` vgko|oc` vgz `lb` xbc`nhmy` cgapnocm|oy` }gd `lb` |` vzgi`xognmkotoao lb` mymnhoao o xb|pmz o cgapnocoao| vgko|oc+ xo ndã mxv`c| xbpa` o z`nl`xoxbà vãz làgczm|otoaon làgczm|otoaon ` xbg}ãzoy`+ y`åmnãzoxb| m|z` n` |zmntohogn. N` vãzedo|bãxo c vzgi`xognmkotãa yãz`b`| n` |z` loa`nxogn` mvg noy`k` |` gzemnotoao|+ xoh dmn` n` yodoa3 On|`z`xoao lb` vãzvmzoao o y`vzoa|mzoy` |` cgapnocoao| vgko|oc ` vgxmåãzoxb| edm|` ipxbm|my`+ lpc` ` h`n|zmkotpmz lb` a`nmrbpmz aoz` m|ã+ vmx|md cgni`z`nhmy`+ cgni`z`nhmy`+ zmvgz|`y` zmvgz|`y` a` a`lom `|d+ Ip}otoao lb` mymnhoao o zgk`y` |` mc|gz`y` |` zond xo jo` idmkm+ `cxv`z|`| ` A.V!x`+ Cgnxpk`n|`y`+ Cgnxpk`n|`y`+ mvg |zmdnp`xy` vzgi`xognox|. vzgi`xognox|. Lb` ol`n|oiocoao o ad`|`y` lb` |`cnocmy` |` z`dm n` cgapnocoa vgko|oc xo v.xb3 xgnlmtb`|+ on|`zyox|m|+ zmvgz|`| ` xv`homkotpmzm xv`homkotpmzm lb` amzc`|onep amzc`|onep vgko|oc "oamtbo! jzmnlone/. \` edo|bm cã|g ` cmn` xo vmzmcpxb| jpzoa`| am|`zomk` lb` zzd`lboaoxb| m|g nd`zãtgz`. A` idmk` |` |d`zm+ aãnzm lb` amxm ` ionmnhoao| ` vãzhmc|gn `lb` xpcx`xon ` tjm|oao| |` |z` n` vzmc|oc`. Vmxo }` cgapnocoao amxoy mzzob`| nãvãzad`| ad`|`y` |` onigzaoao|+ vmx|md v`zxgnm| ` mnemtbpmz vzgi`xognmk lb` x` ipnlo am|`zomko o n`ygdxbãa xbv`ntp`x |` edo|bm cã|g cmn` ndã cgx|g |` hmc|pmz. Vz`d x` hokãx xbv`xbb`zã ymz`| cpmko|`|o+ ajpkoao a`lom vgz `lb` ì`c|oyo|`|o o cgapnocoao| a` amxãn |` ndã xpjd`c|o vgko|oc+ ezpvo |` on|`z`xo| mvg v`zxgno| |` hmc|pmz. Amzzãlbãno`| a` vpjkocpn ãxb|ã ndã |`za o hoko dg y`|ãa }` ãxb|ã j`z` xbpa` o vgvpkkmzotpmz vgz `lb` ndã lgagxlgxbaãzo vãz ålg gzemnotm|` lb` onx|o|phogn o hoko o |`dcmkgn vãzamxm| vzoym|`. Amzzãlbãno`| a` vpjkocpn ãxb|ã nã ipncxogn a`nmrboao lb` y`vzoao }ã ol`n|oiocgn+ czodgn lb` x`k`cxogngn onigzam|m nã a`x |ã ndã gzemnotm|` lb` vgvpkko| ` }` dmnã z`hovzgcoxb| |` lgjoxba` vãz |` ldm+ a` }`kkoa |` czodoao| |ã amzzãlbãno`y` |` aozm lb` |` }ãnlzp`xba`. Nã cpv|oa aã |` ed`z` A.V+ ãxb|ã ndã ymtbloaãxo loxcp|oao nã a`x |ã ndã gzemnotm|` lb` nd`zãty` }ã lpmn |ã aãxgdnã aã xbpaã vãz cã|ã gzemnotm|ã+ onx|o|phogn mvg cgavmno. ]xb nem km|on`| ` yd`|`z `xb|` ` ndgbpz mdg x`n|`nhm ` a`nåpz ‛ Ygr vgvpko+ ygr Lò‑! }` <2



l.a.|b x` t`zo o vgvpkko| `xb|` t`zo o Tg|o|+ ed` ` hokm zìk`c|gn z`nl`xon` }` coxb|` gvonogno }` nem cgbãzm| ` kmxb|m lb` }` ymtblgn n` amx` |` xb|pmz |` c`|` xolgagx n` cgbãzm| ` |mxba`. Lpc` ` nãnyotpmz a` c`|ã z`nlãxon ` gvonogno| vpjkoc+ Vz`xol`n|o o locpzxbãa ma`zocmn J`ndmaon Izmnckon |bgxb|` x` A.V. jmtgb`| n` cgapnocoa ` hokm iokkgn a` cpv|oaon ` mplo`nhãx hokãx o lz`d|gb`|. Ipncxogno o A.V. ãxb|ã vãzaozãxoao vãzaozãxoao o oamtbo|+ z`vp|mhogno| a` }`kkoa |` |b`kkoao| |` jmxbcãvpnoao| lb` amzzãlbãno`y` a` amxãn ` ed`z` |` vgvpkkm|ãx n` ndãzãn mnã lb` }mz}`y` y`nloaamzzãx` n` mnãn |d`|ãz. A`nmrboao a` onigzam|m+ x`k`c|oao lb` lox|zojpoao o |z` nã vpjkoc vãzj`n ipncxognon |bà`kgz |ã A.V. Xg| A.V dmnã vd`xã vãzjãzãx` ` x|ploao| nã xbpaã ipxbm xbc`nhgz`+ lpc` iokkpmz vz`d Emt`|mzoxã lb` Cgapnocoao| Amxoy+ @cgngaoxã ` l`zo |` Xbc`nhm Vgko|oc`. Cãxb|p y`|ãa n` Pnoy`zxo|`|`| ` Xb.J.M!y` dmnã zz`|b 9666 x|pl`n|ã n` :66 Pnoy`zxo|`|` |ã nlzxba` }` x|plogdnã vãz A.V. A.V+ n` |` edo|bã xv`c|zon ` ipxbãy`vzoao|+ ãxb|ã ndã onlpx|zo xbpaã aokognãxb+ aokognãxb+ nã agx aokomzlãxb. Xbc`nhm vãzb`zã ` aã xbpaã vg ` cgnxol`zgn cã|ã ipxbã xo |ã ndã zãnlãxo` vmzãxgz` vãz loxovkonm |` nlzxba`+ ` xolgagx nã cgapnocoa lb` n` vgko|ocã. Vmxo }ã cgapnocoao ãxb|ã å`kãxo o a`nmrboao| |ã cgnikoc|o| lb` nlãz|oao| |ã zmvgz|`y` |ã xbãnlgxbm ` làgczm|oc` a` xbg}ãzonã. Cmavmndm| ` nlzxba` vãz x`nxojokotoa lb` y`|ãlod`xoa nlocgdnã lz`d|vãzlz`d| n` xd`kkd`| nd`zãtgz` lb` z`xv`c|oaon ` koedo|+ xocpzx` `lb` gvonogno vpjkoc` lb` cãzc`xm| ` xbg}ãzoxã }` nlocgdnã n` hokãxonã lb` aãnzãn ` }`y`zoxd`x. Vzmnlmd Amzzãlbãno` a` Vpjkocpn npc ãxb|ã ndã zzpe` ndãlz`d|oaãxb` vgz ` lmnxba` cp cãzcgb`| lomkgep n` y`nl |` agngkgep|. Vzmnlmd cdg cãzcgn }` A.V |` o cpv|gdnã bmkk`|+ n`ygdm| lb` a`nloaon ` vpjkocp| a` }`kkoa }` |o cpv|gdnã lb` cgnigza on|`z`xmy` |z` |` o lz`d|gdnã vgko|ocm|. Nã mnmk`| ` box|gzoxã cm xbpa` xbàjpd cp A.V lb` tãlbãnãxo| cmn` `yo|pmz cgnikoc|` lpc` x}mzpmz ed`nld`n n` aãnz` a` |` vzmnp`xba` mvg lpc` tjp|pz |`nxogn`| vãza`x mzx`|oa`y` |` nlzxba`. Cãxb|p v.xb ndã xbàjpkk admi| o zzmkk` ãxb|ã l`ckmzm|m vãz xb|v ` Vz`xol`n|o| ma`zocmn Bmzz \zpamn vmx b`lbd`x x` jgajãx m|gaoc` n` Bozgxboa` |` Dmvgnoxã+ cp n` ndã x}mzoa 8 im}`xb ` mzx`|gn ndã xpka |` |okk` a` nedmzd`| ` V`mzk Bmzjgzo| lb` zz`tocp| nem xpka`| |d`zm `y`n|pmk` |` pxb|zoxã p xb|zoxã dmvgn`t`. Xg| yk`n vmzoao x` nèghom|m| lb` amzzãlbãno`| a` vpjkocpn dmnã onx|zpa`n|` a` |` aozm |` xbamneo`x xã ndã kpi|`+ cgnikoc|o mvg |zmtoz` |ã lbpnxba`.


Yk`n |` |bpb`| x` vãz xbc`nhm vgko|oc` ` y`åmnãzoxb| n` xi`z`n ` Vgko|oc`x x` Dmxb|a` lb` |ã Lovkgamhoxã+ Amzzãlbãnom Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã vd`x` ` vmnlmz` ` mc|oyo|`|`y` |` |z`. Lovkgamhom+ jo` idmkm+ xngn }` vãza`x nèghom|my`+ nlãzxm A.V |`n|gn vãza`x cgapnocoao| |‟ o xbamne`| czotãx lb` cgnikoc|`y`. L.V lb` A.V cmnã |z` ipncxogn` |ã vãzjmxbcã|m4 vãzjmxbcã|m4 Vãzim}ãxoaon! tmcgnoxb| vãza`x a`lomy` nã igza` |ã igkpz+ xbczpmz+ lb` yotpmk` "ig|g| lb` vmad`| |`k`yotoy`/ Cgapnocoao! lomkgep+ nèghoao nèghoao lb` amzzãy`xbd`|. Cãxbokkp`x`! cgnxpk`nhm lb` mygcoao vãz nlgndã åãxb|d`+ vkmnoiocoao o ipxbm|my` lb` onohom|oymy` o nohom|oymy` |` nlzxba`. Ad`|`| ` xg|a` |` cgapnocoao| dg y`|ãa }` cmn` apnlãxpmz vgz `lb` ` cmn` l`|zpmz lovkgamhonã lb` vgko|oc` ` dmxb|a` }` |` cgnh`n|zgb`| n` nlocoa`| ` gvonogno| `lb` vãza`x cmnmk`y` |d`zm dg igzamk`+ xo a`lom+ xbc`nhm+ cpk|pzm+ mz|o+ |`cngkgedom lb` cgnxpa`| pxb}oagz` `|d. N` cgb`n ` Ekgjmkotao|+ mvg |` „ixbm|o| ekgjmk‛ ãxb|ã ` vmapnlpz |` d`xb dmxb|ã |z`nlãy` jmxbcãcgbgz` lb` cdg lg |` |bg|ã x` L.V ãxb|ã vd`xã vãzjãzãx` ` ålg xb|`|o. Nu imc| L.V ãxb|ã tãy`nlãxoa o mxmd }` a` b`zã| ndob`d xo Vzgvmemnlã+ lmkkoao |bà`kgz aozãvg ãxb|ã x` npc L.V npc cm vzmvmyod` m} xbpa` ol`gkgedoc`+ xm cm `cgngaoc`+ vgko|oc` ` cpk|pzgz`+ lb` ` l|m x` L.V j`b`| n` aãnzm a` |` xgiox|ocpmzm x`xm }` coxb|` vãz }`kkoa Vzgvmemnlm+ vãza`x „onlgc|zonoao|‛+ l`tonigzam|ãx mvg `lb` amnovpkoa`y` a` nld`ndm| lb` x|`z`g|ovon ` amxãx x` ed`z` vãz nlgndã y`nl+ v`zxgn mvg zz`|bmn` |` hmc|pmz. ]ãkkoa`| vzgvmemnlox|oc` xg| xbob`| xo |` vmbodxba`+ vmagzmkxba` lb` xo |` |okkm |` vmvzmnp`xba` v`z jg|`n làgczm|oc`. Vzmnlmd edo|bndã ` aã xbpa` zìptgb`n nem vpjkocp xo }ãkkoacã}odm vgz dg zzmkkãb`zãã `lb` |ã cpnlãz!ì`c|xba`. cpnlãz!ì`c|xba`.

06



=6. Oamtbo lb` lovkgamhom Vãz xb|`|`|+ amzzãlbãno`| a` vpjkocpn nãncpv|gdnã `lb` vkmnoiocoaon |ã ymtblp`xbãa ymtblp` xbãa |ã |ã xbvãznlmzd`x xbvãznlmzd `x xã onigzamhogn`y` }ã xngdnã vãzaozãxoaon vãzaozã xoaon ` oamtbon |ã y`nlo| dmxb|ã y`nlo|. Oamtbo ãxb|ã xbpam ` ol`y`+ }ãnlzoa`y` lb` v`zh`v|oa`y` xbg}ãzp`x`+ }` cm ndã ezpv o nd`zãty` vãz ndã |d`|ãz mvg vãz m|ã y`nl. A` idmkã| ` Umk|`z Kovvamnno|+ vogno`z o AV+ nã y`nl }` xã vmzo |` ` cpv|gdaã lb` ndgboa ndã y`nl mvg vgvpkk ` vmx|md |` vãzhmc|gdaã+ n` tmcgnoxb| iokkgdaã }` x` vmzo |` edcgdaã mvg |bãnã aã aozã |` vmzmedcgdaã vãz cã|ã ` vmx|md |` ndgboa a` |b`kk`. Oamtbo nlzxbgn vãz xbcmc |ã xd`kkd`y` y`|dmc` |` ezpvo|+ onloyolo| mvg xpjd`c|o|. Mdg ymz`| nem noy`ko o onigzamhogno|+ ndgbpzoy`+ nld`ndmy` lb` }ãnlzoa`y` |ã ezpv`y` |ã nlzxba`. Cmzmc`|`zox|oc ` Oamtbo| `xb|` x` igzagb`| xbv`d|+ lb` ãxb|ã mim|edm|`+ vgz n` mxv`c|on nèm|oy `xb|` xbv`d| o vzoxbpz. Ãxb|ã vãzb`zã a` k`b|` |` xbcm|ãzzgno loåcm x` |` nl`z|gno+ xocpzx` `lb` xb|ãvom }` cãzcgn cgb` vãz |` nlãz|pmz vgz dg `lb` zzãnpmz. Nlmb`| n` l igzam3 Oamtbo vãz y`|y`|`n ‘ Oamtbo vãz |` |d`zã|. Imc|gzã| }` nlocgdnã n` Oamtb` dmn`3 Imc|gzã| z`mk |` oamtbo|+ xo imc|gzã| amlbãxom+ vmadm y`xbdm+ `|d. Lb` imc|gzã| dgz`mk |` oamtbo|+xo nld`ndm| àghognmk`+ v.xb. xoavm|om mvg mn|ovm|om. N` mxv`c|on cgbgz mdg apnl |` d`|` oamtb o |mnoxbãa4 }` nãncpv|gn ed`nld`n imc|oc` n` cgb` z`mk`+ xo lb` oamtbo o lãxbozp`xbãa lãxbozp`xbãa mvg yotogno vãz oamtbon nã cgb`n ` mzlbxba`. Mnmkotoao gx` bpkpa|oao o Oamtbo| j`b`| nãvãzad`| l a`|glmy` cz`xgz` |` mnmkotoao|4 A`|glmy` cpmn|o|m|oy` !xgnlmtb`| mvg mnc`|oa`| !

Cãzcgb`|

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ndã dmnã

npaãz

o

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! Apnl |` czodgb`n vzgiok` |` nlzxba` oamtb`xb+ ymzãxoxb| nem xgnlmtbo ! Aozãvg cdg a`|gl` npc |zègn mzx`| lb` xo apnl `y`n|pmkoxb| |` vãzaozãxgb`| oamtbo.

A`|glm cpmko|m|oy` 0=



! Tmcgnoxb| vãz xbcmc npazo| |` |` pkã| |` |ã mnc`|pmzy`+ npc vãzim}ãxgdnã z`tpk|m|` |` vãzedo|bxba` ! Vgz |` zãnlãxoxba` vãz onigzamhogn` |ã bgkkãxoxba` vãz }ãnlzoa`|+ v`zh`v|oa`|+ }ãnlzoa`| }ãnlzoa`| !Z`tpk|m|`| npc dmnã lz`d|vãzxãlz`d|o lz`d|vãzxãlz`d|o |ã czmbmxp`xba` ! Mnmkotm| lb` On|`zyox|m| nlobagdnã n` vãzhmc|oaon ` xbcm}`y` |` oamtbo| n` idmk`. Nã vãzedo|bãxo oamtbo o ndã y`nlo+ kol`zo+ vmz|o` vgko|oc`+ onx|o|phogno mvg gzemnotm|` ãxb|ã dg y`|ãa dmxb|ãtmcgnoxb| o z`nl`xoxbua+ vgz n` |` xbpa|ãn ` zmx|`y` `lb` vãzhmc|p`x o xpcx`xo| mvg lãxb|oao| |` vãzedo|bxbãa |` |z`. Vmxo }` vãza`x oamtbo| xmdgb`| j`xp`xbaãzom lb` cdg ik`| a` aoz` x` ålg edã |d`|ãz vãz zmvgz|`| }` cmn` cã|g a` xbg}ãzonã+ |` hokãx lpb`| |‟ o xbãzj`dnã lb` vãz |` hokm|+ n` ipnl |` ipnlo|+ `lb` `ctox|gdnã. `ctox|gdnã.

0:



==. Vãzipnloa Cdg bzd` nu amzz`lb`no` nl`zcgajm|mz` op l`locgb`| x|plop`xy` lb` k`rp`xy` }` |` ndgi|gb`n lb` |b`kkgdn` lo|pzon` ` |z` zz`|b imc|gz`y` lb` mc|gz`y` cz`xgz` n` xox|àon nl`zcgaj`|mz` lb` nlãzy`vzoaon ` |z`. Xolgagx |mxba` n` vzgh`x`| ekgjmkotp`x` cpz xb|`|`| vgz `lb` mc|gz`| |d`z` dg! xb|`|`zgz` dmn` |` vãzmizpmz` xo cpzz` a` vmz`+ ndgbpzo|` zz`|b A.N dmn` admi| z`k`ymn|` lb` |` a` x` l`xbozp`xba`. A` xbvz`x` x` c lgzmhmc cm bmvpz `lb` |àm a` vmc |` ndgbpzm+ xo v.xb v`z lovkgamhon` vpjkoc`+ i|gda` k`rp`xo| }` |` cgnxpk|gdn` ko|`zm|pz`n ko|`zm|pz`n admi| |` vmxpz n` c`|` ipxb` x|ploao. Xoå ãxb|ã yp n` vmb loxm b`z` n` cã|ã y`vãz+ Lovkgamhom Vpjkoc` ãxb|ã ndã lovkgamho ` x` mzlba`x ` hokm lo|m!lo|ãx vg tãnã y`nl |` vmcgn|`x|p`xbãa n` amzzãlbãno`| nlãzcgajã|mz` lb` n` lovkgamho. Y`åmnãzoxb| tbyokkoa`| ` yo|`y` |` ipnlo|+ xo n` zzmixbon vgko|oc+ `cgngaoc+ cpk|pzgz vgz `lb` |`cngkgedoc ndã edã |` |okk` ` jãdnã |` vmxbamnexba` lb` h`xb|d` cgb` cpz ålg aonox|zo ` vpnãy` |` dmxb|a` |` x`hoko| xb|`| lg |` lpb`| |` a`nlgd aoz` lb` |` vpngd ip}oxbãa n` vãzczmbd`n `lb` a` |` amlb` |` vpnãx x` |z` vãza`x lovkgamhoxã vpjkoc`. Edo|bmxb|p yk`n |` |bpb`| x` L.V xg| yoz|pmkoxb| cm |b`z cgny`nhognmko|`|on lb` igzamko|`|on ` lovkgam|`y`+ xg| x`hoko }` loxvgngn a` ndã cgavdp|`z lb` a` }mxd` n` zzd`|on ` on|`zn`|o| cm apnl`xo }` |` d`|` majmxmlgz lb` lovkgam| o y`nlo| lb` cpk|pz`x x` y`|. Xg| onigzam|m| dmn` |`dcpio|mz`+ ed` }` apnlãxgn `lb` cgapnocoao |` d`|` ekgjmk lb` o vmnlmkxbà n` hlg cgb` lb` n` hlg y`nl. N` c`|` cpv|oa lovkgamhom vpjkoc`+ kpmn lb` lg |` kpmd `lb` a` xbpa` nd` zgk dmxb|ãtmcgnoxb| |` amlb` n` tbyokkoaon ` amzz`lb`no`y`+ cgapnocoaon+ jmxbcãvpnoaon lb` vãzmizoaon ` vgvpdy` lb` y`nl`y` n` xbpa` xèa`n|` |` d`|`x. Vzmnlmd+ a` xbvz`x` }` c lgzmhmc xmlg vmc cm zzo|pz on|`z`xoaon lb` x` cm x}mzpmz mxv`c|` |` z`nl`xoxba` zz`|b A.N+ ` y`hmn`zoxb| zz`|b L.V+ nm aj`|`| }` `lb` n` vzmc|oc` plbãtoa`|+ xped`zoa`| mvg cgnh`v|`| ` xb}z|pmzm c`|p |` op bn` n` vpn` x|plop`xy`+ lovkgam|`y` lb` |` edo|b` m|z` }` ` cpv|gdn` lb` yk`z`xgdn` z`nl`xon` ` cãxmd |à`. O y`|`lodxbà x` cdg `xb|` vãzvd`cdm ` vmz` 08



}` |` xokk`| n` edpb`n xb}ov` lohcm zz`|b A.N. agxvãzixbozd`n ` h`xb|d`y` |d`zm mvg k`xboa`| `y`n|pmk` edpb`xgz` lpb`| |` xbob`n a` xbpa` xo ag|oyoa v`z x|ploa` lb` vkg|ãxoa` |` a`|p|dxba` n` c`|` lz`d|oa+ x`xm xo nd` vãzajkkd` ` vãzedo|bxba` |` ndgbpzoy` zz`|b h`xb|d`y` |` |zmd|pzm c`|p.

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09

HYRJE NË DIPLOMACI DHE POLITIKE TË JASHTME

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