GUIA DE BOLSO – P.A. GUILHERME RODRIGUES VASCONCELOS ANDRÉ
LÍQUOR Gram
Leucometria (/mm³)
Diferencial predominante
Proteínas (mg/dl)
Glicose (mg/dl)
Normal > 3 meses Normal < 3 meses
Sem germes
<7
20 – 45
Sem germes
15 –22 RNPT: 0 – 25
Mononucleares > 75% PMN geralmente = 0 PMN < 75% RNPT: PMN < 61%
< 130 RNPT: < 170
Bacteriana
Bactérias
PMN (75 – 95%)
100 - 500
Bacteriana (tratamento parcial) Bacteriana neonatal
Variável
100 – 10.000 Geralmente: 500 – 1.000 25% dos casos: < 250 5 – 10.000
> 50 > 75% glicemia > 50 75% glicemia RNPT: > 24 RNT: > 34 < 40 < 66% glicemia
100 – 500
Normal / ↓
Geralmente com bactérias Sem germes
Maioria: > 1.000 ↓lc / dç inicial: 25 - 100 5 – 200
PMN Tto longo: mononuclear Maioria: neutrófilos > 70%
> 200
Geralmente < 40
Linfócitos Líquor drenado: PMN Linfócitos 1º dia: possível PMN Linfócitos Início: PMN Linfócitos
75 – 500
Geralmente normal
Abscesso cerebral Viral Tuberculose Fúngico
Sem germes Germes não visíveis Sem germes
10 – 1.000 50 - 500 25 - 100
Líquor drenado: ↓
50 -200
Geralmente normal Poucos casos: ↓
100 – 3.000
< 30 Reduz com o tempo
100 - 300
Normal / ↓
ACIDENTE DE PUNÇÃO Leucometria Leucócitos – (hemacias / 500)
Proteína Proteínas – (hemácias / 1.000)
SEQUÊNCIA RÁPIDA DE ENTUBAÇÃO DROGA ATROPINA FENTANIL MIDAZOLAN TIOPENTAL
APRESENTAÇÃO DOSE DILUIÇÃO 0,5 mg/ml 0,02 mg/kg Bolus 50 mcg/ml 1-3 mcg/kg 1ml + 9ml AD = 5 mcg/ml 5 mg/ml 0,1-0,3 mg/kg 1ml + 4ml AD = 1 mg/ml 1g 3-5 mg/kg 1amp + 40ml AD = 25 mg/ml
CÁLCULO 0,04 ml/kg 0,2 ml/kg 0,1 ml/kg 0,12 ml/kg
Se: TCE + ALTA PIC
CETAMINA
50 mg/ml
1-2 mg/kg
Bolus
0,02 ml/kg
10 mg/ml 100 mg/ml
0,6-1,2 mg/kg 1-2 mg/kg
Bolus Bolus
0,1 ml/kg 0,01 ml/kg
Se: ASMA GRAVE
ROCURÔNIO SUCCINILCOLINA (SUXAMETÔNIO) Se: PIC NORMAL
Tubo = (idade/4) + 4 ------------------------------------------------------ Fixação = tubo x 3
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DROGAS VASOATIVAS 1 mg = 1000 mcg DROGA
APRESENTAÇÃO
DOSE
EFEITO
DOPAMINA
5-15 mcg/kg/min
Inotrópico: 5-10 mcg/kg/min Vasocontrictor: >10 mcg/kg/min
0,01-1 mcg/kg/min
NOREPINEFRINA
50mg/2ml 50mg/10ml 200mg/5ml 0,1 mg/ml +9ml sf0,9% = 0,01 mg/ml 8mg/4ml
DOBUTAMINA
12,5mg/ml
5-15 mcg/kg/min
Inotrópico: 0,01-0,3 mcg/kg/min Vasocontrictor: >0,3 mcg/kg/min Inotrópico: 0,01-0,2 mcg/kg/min Vasocontrictor: >0,2 mcg/kg/min Inotrópico + vasodilatador sistêmico e pulmonar
MILRINONE
20mg/20ml
0,1-1 mcg/kg/min
Inotrópico + vasodilatador sistêmico e pulmonar
LEVOSIMENDRONA
2,5 mg/ml
0,1-0,2 mcg/kg/min
Inotrópico + vasodilatador sistêmico e coronário
NITROPRUSSIATO DE SÓDIO VASOPRESSINA
50mg Diluente 2ml = 25 mg/ml 20 u/ml
0,5-10 mcg/kg/min
Vasodilatador sistêmico Vasoconstrictor
TERLIPRESSINA
1mg Diluente 5ml = 0,2 mg/ml
0,0003-0,0008 u/kg/min 20 mcg/kg/dose 6/6h por 24-48h
EPINEFRINA
0,01-2 mcg/kg/min
Vasoconstrictor
GASOMETRIA PH 7,35 – 7,45 (7,30)
CO2 35 – 45 (30)
DISTÚRBIO ACIDOSE METABOLICA METABOLICA ALCALOSE METABÓLICA ACIDOSE RESPIRATÓRIA RESPIRATÓRIA
PRIMÁRIO HCO3 < 22 HCO3 > 26 CO2 > 45
COMPENSATÓRIO COMPENSATÓR IO
ALCALOSE METABÓLICA
CO2 < 35
↓ HCO3
COMPENSAÇÃO
↓CO2 ↑ CO2 ↑ HCO3
HCO3 22 – 26 (24)
FÓRMULA DE COMPENSAÇÃO CO2 = 1,5 x HCO3 + 8 (± 2) CO2 = 15 + HCO3 (± 2) AGUDO (< 24 HORAS) HCO3 = HCO3 + 1 x (CO2-30/10) CRÔNICO (> 3 DIAS) HCO3 = HCO3 + 4 x (CO2-30/10) AGUDO (< 12 HORAS) HCO3 = HCO3 + 2 x (CO2-30/10) CRÔNICO (> 1 DIA) HCO3 = HCO3 + 5 x (CO2-30/10)
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= ACIDOSE METABÓLICA =
ANION GAP (Positivos – Negativos)
Na – (Cl + HCO3)
REFERÊNCIA 12 ± 4
HIPERCLORÊMICO: NORMAL HIPOCLORÊMICO: AUMENTADO
INTERPRETAÇÃO: Normal = cargas estão balanceadas e Cl está nos níveis normais > atinge valor de referência = normoclorêmico Acidose metabólica = HCO3 baixo - Sem novos ácidos > Cl aumenta para balancear com positivos > atinge valor de referência = hiperclorêmico - Com novos ácidos > Cl diminui, e com outros ácidos balanceiam com positivos > maior que valor de referência = hipoclorêmico ANION GAP NORMAL Diarreia aguda | Acidose tubular renal (1 – retêm H // 2 – não reabsorve HCO3 // 4 – retêm amônio) ANION GAP AUMENTADO Acidose láctica | Cetoacidose diabética TRATAMENTO REPOSIÇÃO DE HCO3 INFUNDIR EM 1-2 HORAS NOVA GASOMETRIA APÓS (OBJETIVO: HCO3 = 15)
INDICAÇÃO PH < 7,1 HCO3 < 8
A REPOR MEQ HCO3 = (15 – HCO3) X 0,3 X PESO 5% = 0,95 meq/ml | 8,4% = 1 meq/ml | 10% - 1,2 meq/ml
= ALCALOSE METABÓLICA = CLORETO SENSÍVEL CL URINÁRIO < 10 = PERDENDO CL POR OUTRAS VIAS
CLORETO RESISTENTE CL URINÁRIO > 10 = PERDENDO CL PELA URINA
CLORETO SENSÍVEL Perdas gástricas | Diuréticos | Perdas intestinais (laxantes / cloridorreia congênita) | Fibrose cística | Displasia broncopulmonar CLORETO RESISTENTE PA normal = Sd. Bartter | Sd. Gittelman | Diuréticos PA aumentada = estenose a. renal | Sd. Cushing | Sd. Liddle | Tumor adrenal / renal | Mineralocorticoide exógeno TRATAMENTO CLORETO SENSÍVEL: expansão + corrigir cloridúria (repor NaCl + KCl) ALVO): Repor HCl GRAVE (PH > 7,55 / BIC > 40 / DISFUNÇÃO ORGÃOS ALVO): Repor CLORETO RESISTENTE: espironolactona
= ACIDOSE RESPIRATÓRIA = CAUSAS: vias aéreas superiores | vias aéreas inferiores | parede torácica | SNC | narcóticos / sedativos / FAE / álcool | obesidade TRATAMENTO: tratar causa base
= ALCALOSE RESPIRATÓRIA = CAUSAS: HIPERVENTILAÇÃO: Hipoxemia / Alteração SNC / Psiquiátrico
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CETOACIDOSE DIABÉTICA Pediatria, pronto socorro. USP. 2ª ed., 2013
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CETOACIDOSE DIABÉTICA Pediatria, pronto socorro. USP. 2ª ed., 2013
Potássio
Sódio
Bicarbonato Bic a administrar (mEq) = (15 – Bic encontrado) x 0,3 x peso (kg)
CAUSAS
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HIDRATAÇÃO PLANO A 10 ml/kg SRO após perdas PLANO B 50-100 ml SRO em 4h + dieta zero (exceto LM) + reavaliação 1/1h - Complicações: Perda de peso após 2h Vômitos persistentes à fracionação Distensão abdominal (íleo paralítico) Dificuldade de ingesta PLANO C 1) EXPANSÃO: 20 ml/Kg 2) REPARAÇÃO IDADE 0 – 1 ANO > 1 ANO
30 ML/KG 1H
70 ML/KG 5H
30’
2H 30’
3) MANUTENÇÃO a. 1 SF 0,9% : 4 SG 5% + KCl + GluCa (RN / desnutrido) b. SG 5% + NaCl + KCl + GluCa (RN / desnutrido) HOLLYDAY & SEGAR < 10 KG 10-20 KG 20-30 KG > 30 KG
100 ML/KG 1000 ML + 50 ML/KG 1500 ML + 20 ML/KG 1700 ML/M² DE SUPERFÍCIE CORPORAL CORPORAL
Distúrbio hidroeletrolítico: Na, K, Mg, Ca, P + Ur, Gicemia, Albumina Calcular eletrólitos usando peso calórico: Hollyday/100
NACL 20% (1ML --- 3,4 MEQ) 3-5 MEQ/KG/DIA
NACL: 3-5 x PESO / 3,4 = ML A REPOR POR DIA
KCL 19,1% (1ML --- 2,5 MEQ) 2-4 MEQ/KG/DIA
KCL: 2-4 x PESO / 2,5 = ML A REPOR POR DIA
GLUCA 10% (1ML --- 0,5 MEQ) 0,5-2 MEQ/KG/DIA
GLUCA 10%: 0,5-2 x PESO / 0,5 = ML A REPOR POR DIA
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SÓDIO < ---------- 120 (GRAVE) < ---------- 2,5 (GRAVE)
HIPO ---------- 135 (LEVE) ---------- 3,5 (LEVE) < ---------- 1,5 < ---------- 7
NORMAL SÓDIO POTÁSSIO MAGNÉSIO CÁLCIO
HIPER 145 ---------(LEVE) 5,5 ---------(LEVE) 2,3 ---------- >
160 ---------- > (GRAVE) 6,5 ---------- > (GRAVE)
HIPONATREMIA
REAL = ↓OSMOLARIDADE OSMOLARIDADE = 2NA + GLICOSE/18 + UREIA/6 = NORMAL: 285 – 295 =
LEVE + ASSINTOMÁTICO
TRATAR SOMENTE CAUSA BASE
GRAVE / SINTOMÁTICO 1) AGUDO (< 48H) 1) MEQ SÓDIO A REPOR (A) = (MEQ SÓDIO DESEJADO – MEQ SÓDIO ATUAL) X 0,6 X PESO SÓDIO DESEJADO = 130 NACL 20% (1ML --- 3,4MEQ) 2) 1 ML NACL 20% ----------- 3,4 MEQ B = A/3,4 ML A REPOR (B) --------------------- A 3) SORO NACL 3% = 1 NACL 20% : 6 AD SORO NACL 3% = 1xA NACL 20% : 6xA AD (0,5 MEQ/ML) 4) CORRER A 5 MEQ x KG / H: 1 ML ------- 0,5 MEQ X = 10 ML x KG / H (EM (EM BIC) BIC) X ML ------- 5 MEQ VOLUME SÓDIO A REPOR (A) = (130 – MEQ SÓDIO ATUAL) x 0,6 x PESO / 3,4 NACL 3%: NACL 20% ------- 1xA ML CORRER A 10 ML x KG / H (EM BIC) AD --------------------------------- 6xA ML REAVALIAR SÓDIO AO FIM APÓS CORREÇÃO: SORO DE MANUTEÇÃO S/N
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SÓDIO < ---------- 120 (GRAVE) < ---------- 2,5 (GRAVE)
HIPO ---------- 135 (LEVE) ---------- 3,5 (LEVE) < ---------- 1,5 < ---------- 7
NORMAL SÓDIO POTÁSSIO MAGNÉSIO CÁLCIO
HIPER 145 ---------(LEVE) 5,5 ---------(LEVE) 2,3 ---------- >
HIPERNATREMIA
REPOR ÁGUA LIVRE
LÚCIDO + INGERE LÍQUIDOS = VO (ÁGUA FILTRADA) RNC (NÃO INGERE LÍQUIDOS) = SG5% (OU) SGF PÓS CORREÇÃO: SORO DE MANUTENÇÃO S/N
DEFICIT H2O(L) = [(SÓDIO ATUAL – SÓDIO DESEJADO)/SÓDIO ATUAL] x 0,6 x PESO - SÓDIO DESEJADO = 145 - OFERECER EM 48H - ABAIXAR ENTRE 0,5 – 1 MEQ/HORA AGUA A OFERTAR = [(SÓDIO ATUAL – 145)/SÓDIO ATUAL] x 0,6 x PESO EM 48H TOTAL / 48 = ML/H (EM BIC) SÓDIO DE 1/1H = ABAIXAR 0,5 – 1 MEQ / H APÓS CORREÇÃO: SORO DE MANUTEÇÃO S/N
160 ---------- > (GRAVE) 6,5 ---------- > (GRAVE)
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POTÁSSIO < ---------- 120 (GRAVE) < ---------- 2,5 (GRAVE)
HIPO ---------- 135 (LEVE) ---------- 3,5 (LEVE) < ---------- 1,5 < ---------- 7
NORMAL SÓDIO POTÁSSIO MAGNÉSIO CÁLCIO
HIPER 145 ---------(LEVE) 5,5 ---------(LEVE) 2,3 ---------- >
160 ---------- > (GRAVE) 6,5 ---------- > (GRAVE)
HIPOPOTASSEMIA LEVE + ASSINTOMÁTICO
REPOSIÇÃO VO LENTA (24H) 1) CLORETO K 6% (1ML --- 0,8 MEQ) REPOR 3-5 MEQ x KG / DIA 1 ML ------ 0,8 MEQ ML/DIA (FRACIONAR O MAXIMO POSSIVEL) A ----------- MEQ/KG/DIA
3-5 x PESO / 0,8 = ML DE CLORETO DE K 6% / 24H (FRACIONAR O MAXIMO POSSIVEL) REAVALIAR POTÁSSIO AO FIM APÓS CORREÇÃO: SORO DE MANUTEÇÃO S/N
GRAVE / SINTOMÁTICO 1) 0,2 --- 0,6 MEQ x PESO = EM 2-6 HORAS KCL 19,9% (1ML --- 2,5 MEQ) 1 ML ------------------------- 2,5 MEQ X ML = (0,2 – 0,6 x PESO) / 2,5 = ML KCL 19,9% PARA 4H X ML ------------- MEQ x KG 2) CONCENTRAÇÃO: VEIA PERIFÉRICA: 40 – 60 MEQ/L VEIA CENTRAL: 80 – 120 MEQ/L - EXEMPLO: PARA PERIFÉRICA 40MEQ/L 40 MEQ -------- 1000 ML X ML = VOLUME A COMPLETAR COM SF0,9% MEQ/KG -------- X ML PORTANTO: ML DE SF 0,9% = (MEQ/KG/H) x 1000 / CONCENTRAÇÃO
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POTÁSSIO < ---------- 120 (GRAVE) < ---------- 2,5 (GRAVE)
HIPO ---------- 135 (LEVE) ---------- 3,5 (LEVE) < ---------- 1,5 < ---------- 7
NORMAL SÓDIO POTÁSSIO MAGNÉSIO CÁLCIO
HIPER 145 ---------(LEVE) 5,5 ---------(LEVE) 2,3 ---------- >
HIPERPOTASSEMIA LEVE 1) RETIRAR TODA FONTE DE POTÁSSIO E REAVALIAR
GRAVE / SINTOMÁTICO 1) RETIRAR TODA FONTE DE POTÁSSIO E REAVALIAR 2) GLUCONATO DE CÁLCIO 10% 1ML/KG EM 5 MINUTOS + (1) FUROSEMIDA | (2) RESINA | (3) DIÁLISE
160 ---------- > (GRAVE) 6,5 ---------- > (GRAVE)
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CÁLCIO < ---------- 120 (GRAVE) < ---------- 2,5 (GRAVE) < ---------- 0,7 (GRAVE)
HIPO ---------- 135 (LEVE) ---------- 3,5 (LEVE) ---------- 1,5 (LEVE) < ---------- 7
NORMAL SÓDIO POTÁSSIO MAGNÉSIO
HIPER 145 ---------(LEVE) 5,5 ---------(LEVE) 2,3 ---------- >
160 ---------- > (GRAVE) 6,5 ---------- > (GRAVE)
CÁLCIO
HIPOCALCEMIA CÁLCIO CORRIGIDO = CÁLCIO MEDIDO + [(4,0 - ALBUMINA) x 0,8] HIPO? = REPOR
ASSINTOMÁTICO (LEVE)
REPOSIÇÃO VO CACO3 (1G --- 400MG CA) REPOR 400-800 MG/KG/DIA 1000 MG ------------------------- 400MG X = 400-800 x PESO x 0,4 = GRAMAS A DAR POR 24H MG/KG/DIA --------- X CACO3 (1G --- 400MG CA) -------- 160-230 x PESO = GRAMAS DE CACO3, VO, 24/24H . REAVALIAR CALCIO AO FIM
SINTOMÁTICO (GRAVE) GLUCONATO DE CÁLCIO 10% (1ML --- 9MG CA) 1) ATAQUE: 0,5 – 1ML x KG (BOLUS EM 5-10 MIN) . REAVALIAR CALCIO APÓS 2) MANUTENÇÃO: 2-4 ML x KG (24/24H)
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MAGNÉSIO < ---------- 120 (GRAVE) < ---------- 2,5 (GRAVE)
HIPO ---------- 135 (LEVE) ---------- 3,5 (LEVE) < ---------- 1,5 < ---------- 7
NORMAL SÓDIO POTÁSSIO MAGNÉSIO CÁLCIO
HIPER 145 ---------(LEVE) 5,5 ---------(LEVE) 2,3 ---------- >
HIPOMAGNESEMIA LEVE + ASSINTOMÁTICO TRATAR CAUSA + SORO MANUTENÇÃO (0,2-0,5 MEQ x KG/DIA)
GRAVE / SINTOMÁTICO 1) 0,2-0,4 MEQ/KG/DOSE SULFATO DE MAGNESIO 10M% (1ML --- 0,8 MEQ) 1 ML ------------ 0,8 MEQ REPETIR ATÉ 3x 6/6H X ML/DOSE --- MEQ/KG/DOSE SULFATO DE MAGNÉSIO 10% (0,2-0,4 x KG)/0,8 = ML/DOSE 6/6H, ATÉ 3x REAVALIAR MAGNESIO ANTES DE CADA INFUSÃO = PARAR SE NORMALIZAR
160 ---------- > (GRAVE) 6,5 ---------- > (GRAVE)
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INTOXICAÇÕES Pediatria, pronto socorro. USP. 2ª ed., 2013
CETOX: 0800-0148110 1 – ESTABILIZAÇÃO - MOV 2- RECONHECER TOXI-SÍNDROME
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3 – DESCONTAMINAÇÃO TIPO LAVAGEM GÁSTRICA (ATÉ 2H INGESTA)
INDICAÇÕES - Quantidade desconhecida - Superdose
CARVÃO ATIVADO (ATÉ 1H INGESTA)
- Quantidade desconhecida - Superdose
CONTRA-INDICAÇÕES CONTRA-INDICAÇÕES - Cáusticos - Derivados de petróleo - ↓ consciência = relativo - Cáusticos - Derivados de petróleo - Metais pesados - ↓ consciência = relativo
MÉTODO 10 ml/kg SF 0,9% SNG (max: 500 ml = 50kg) 1 mg/kg SNG (max: 50 mg = 50kg)
CÁUSTICO = CÁUSTICO = Dieta zero + Analgesia + Hidratar + Ranitidina + Endoscopia DERIVADOS DE PETRÓLEO (risco de pnm química grave) = Observação 6h + RX tórax (entrada + 6h) + SAT contínua
4 – ELIMINAÇÃO TIPO DIURESE FORÇADA DIURESE ALCALINA DIALISE
MÉTODO FUROSEMIDA 1-2MG/KG + SF 0,9% 100 ML BIC 1-2 MEQ/KG + GASOMETRIA SERIADA 1/1H CONFORME TIPO DE TÓXICO
5 – ANTÍDOTOS E CUIDADOS TÓXICO PARACETAMOL (15 mg/kg/gota)
ANTÍDOTO ACETILCISTEÍNA 140 mg/kg 4/4h 24h 24 h: TGO/TGP normais = suspende antídoto + TGO/TGP 1x/dia 48h internado Pós 24h:
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PEÇONHENTOS Tratado SBP, 2017
COBRAS
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ESCORPIÃO
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EXPOSIÇÃO À RAIVA
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EXPOSIÇÃO AO TÉTANO
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FEBRE SEM SINAIS LOCALIZATÓRIOS Tratado SBP, 2017
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QUEIMADURA Tratado SBP, 2017
QUIMICA TTO: Lavar em água corrente por 30 minutos INTOXICAÇÃO POR CO2 DX: Dosagem de carboxi-hemoglobina / Broncoscopia TTO: O2 100% hiperbárico
FOGO
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QUEIMADURA Tratado SBP, 2017
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ESTADO DE MAL EPILEPTICO Tratado Neurologia infantil, 2017 Máscara não reinalante (O2 10 L/min) A – B – C
Oximetria Monitor cardíaco PA contínuo AVP
GLUCOTESTE Se: < 60 ou indisponível
Glicose 25% = 2 ml/kg - bolus OU
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CRISE CONVULSIVA FEBRIL
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CEFALEIA