INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS
INGENIERÍA
QUÍMICA
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA PETROLERA TALLER DE ANÁLISIS DEL PETRÓLEO
CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN
INTEGRANTES: EQUIPO 8 ANTUNA RODRIGUEZ ROBERTO DE JESÚS GONZÁELZ BAUTISTA MARCO ANTONIO TREJO TREJO OSCAR
PROFESOR: M. e C. JOS! MARTÍN RAMÍREZ MANZANO
GRUPO: "PM#$
E
1.-INTRODUCCIÓN:
L% &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ e+ ' 0%(12e,(3 0%(% % &%(%&,e(-4%&-/ *e ' 0e,(/e3 5 +'+ 6(%&&-3e+7 'e +e 39,-ee 2e*-%,e *e+,-%&-/ ',--4%*3 0(3&e*-2-e,3+ e+,%*%(-4%*3+. L3+ &320'e+,3+ 0'(3+ -e()e % '% ,e20e(%,'(% 6-;%7 2-e,(%+ 'e e 0e,(/e3 &('*3 3 +'+ 6(%&&-3e+7 03( +e( '% 2e4&% &3+,-,'-*% *e 2'&3+ &320'e+,3+ -e()e % *-+,-,%+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ *e0e*-e*3 *e % &3203+-&-/. L% ,e20e(%,'(% *e e9'-&-/ *e 3+ -*(3&%(9'(3+ +e (e0(e+e,% 2e*-%,e '% &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/
&323 +e 2'e+,(% e % 6-?'(% C$.
2.-DESARROLLO DEL TEMA: 2.1.-TEMPERATURAS DE EBULLICIÓNDE HIDROCARBUROS: Se *-+03e *e )%(-3+ 2@,3*3+ 0%(% *e,e(2-%( % ,e20e(%,'(% *e e9'-&-/ *e 0e,(/e3 &('*3 5 +'+ 0(3*'&,3+.
ASTM D8. Se (e'-e(e $ 2L *e 2'e+,(%7 % *e+,-%&-/ +e e6e&,% % 0(e+-/ %,23+6@(-&%. Se ',--4% 0%(% *e,e(2-%( % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ *e %6,%+7 ?%+3-%+7 e(3+-%+7 ?%+/e3+ -?e(3+7 &329'+,-9e+ 5 3,(3+ 0(3*'&,3+ -?e(3+. L3+ 0',3+ *e e9'-&-/ +e 0'e*e 2e*-( % 77$7"77#777787H7H 5$= )3 .
Te20e(%,'(% *e e9'-&-/ )e(*%*e(%: E+ % 0(-&-0% *e+,-%&-/ e e %93(%,3(-3 *e 0e,(/e37 &33&-*% &322e,e &323 ,e20e(%,'(% *e e9'-&-/ )e(*%*e(% 7 +' 0(30/+-,3 0(-&-0% e+ 2e*-( &3 e%&,-,'* 3+ (e*-2-e,3+ e )3'2e *e ' 03(&e,%;e *e *e+,-%*3. E 2@,3*3 %0-&%*3 e+ e ASTM D"8H"7 e+,% *e+,-%&-/ e+ '% 30e(%&-/ *-+&3,-'%7 *e6--*% 03( '% &3'2% *e $# % $8 0%,3+ ,e/(-&3+7 'e 30e(% &3 '% (e%&-/ *e (e6';3 *e :$ 5 ":$7 % &3*-&-3e+ *e 0(e+-/ %,23+6@(-&% 5 0(e+-3e+ (e*'&-*%+ *e $ 5 " 22?
De+,-%&-/ % 0(e+-/ (e*'&-*%. E+,e ,-03 *e *e+,-%&-/ +e e20e% 0%(% *e,e(2-%( &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ *e 6(%&&-3e+ 0e+%*%+ *e 0e,(/e3 'e 0'e*e +'6(-( *e+-,e?(%&-/ ,@(2-&% *'(%,e % )%03(-4%&-/ % 0(e+-/ %,23+6@(-&%. Se *-+03e *e *3+ 0(3&e*-2-e,3+ e0e(-2e,%e+: •
M@,3*3 ASTM D$$. Se (e'-e(e " 2L *e 2'e+,(%7 % *e+,-%&-/ +e e6e&,% 3(2%2e,e % '% 0(e+-/ *e )%&-/ e,(e $K 22? 5 ,e20e(%,'(% 21-2% *e )%03( 53 63*3 *e #C.
•
M@,3*3 ASTM D". C3 e+,e 0(3&e*-2-e,3 +e 0'e*e *e+,-%( 6(%&&-3e+ 0e+%*%+ *e 0e,(/e3 % '% 0(e+-/ *e )%&3 $.22?.
De+,-%&-/ +-2'%*%. E+ '% 0('e9% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*%7 % &'% '+% &(32%,3?(%6% *e ?%+e+ 0%(% &%(%&,e(-4%( 6(%&&-3e+ *e 0e,(/e3 5 +'+ 0(3*'&,3+7 'e 0e(2-,e 0(e*e&-( '% *-+,(-9'&-/ *e +'+ -,e()%3+ *e e9'-&-/. L%+ 2'e+,(%+ +3 %%-4%*%+ e '% &3'2% *e &(32%,3?(%6% 3 03%(7 'e +e0%(% 3+ -*(3&%(9'(3+ e 6'&-/ *e +'+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ *e e9'-&-/. E+ '% ,@&-&% %%,-&% (10-*% 'e e20e% '% &%,-*%*
2-2% *e 2'e+,(% 5 0%(,-&'%(2e,e e+ ',--4%*% e ,(%9%;3+ *e
-)e+,-?%&-/.
•
E 2@,3*3 ',--4%*3 e+ e ASTM D"88 0%(% ?%+/e3+ 5 '9(-&%,e+.
•
ASTM D$ 0%(% ?%+3-%+.
•
ASTM D$H 0%(% &('*3+ 5 0(3*'&,3+ 0e+%*3+.
V%03(%&-/ F%+ e e'--9(-3 7 . E+,% &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ e+ % 2e3+ -203(,%,e 5 e0e(-2e,%2e,e e+ 2'5 *-6&- *e 2e*-(. P%(% *e,e(2-%( &%*% ,e20e(%,'(% *e e9'-&-/ +e (e'-e(e ' e0e(-2e,3. L% 0('e9% +e (e%-4% % 0(e+-/ %,23+6@(-&%. P%(% ,ee( '% &'()% &320e,% *e % EFV +e (e'-e(e % 2e3+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ % $777 5 H= )3'2e )%03(-4%*3.
L%+ &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ +e &%+-6-&% e De+,-%&-/ 3 V%03(-4%&-/ D-6e(e&-% 5 V%03(-4%&-/ e E'--9(-3
De+,-%&-/ *-6e(e&-%. L% *e+,-%&-/ ASTM e+ *e ,-03 *e )%03(-4%&-/ *-6e(e&-%7 'e +e &%(%&,e(-4% 03( e e&3 'e % %'2e,%( % ,e20e(%,'(% 'e % 2'e+,(% % *e+,-%(7 +e -9e(% '% &%,-*%* *e,e(2-%*% *e )%03(e+7 'e +e e,(%e -2e*-%,%2e,e *e +-+,e2%. E-+,e ' 0e'e3 (e6';3 e e &'e3 *e 2%,(%4 03( % 0@(*-*% *e &%3(.
V%03(-4%&-/ e e e'--9(-3. C'%*3 +e 63(2% 3+ )%03(e+7 e+,3+ 3 +3 e,(%*3+ *e +-+,e2%7 +-3 'e +e 2%,-ee e &3,%&,3 ,-23 &3 e '-*3 %+,% e?%( % '% ,e20e(%,'(% % % &'% +e 0(3*'&e % +e0%(%&-/ *e %+ *3+ 6%+e+ e e'--9(-3. N3 +e %+e?'(% '% 9'e% +e0%(%&-/ *e 3+ &3203e,e+.
L%+ &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ e e'--9(-3 +3 -203(,%,e+ &'%*3 +e (e'-e(e &33&e( %+ &3*-&-3e+ *e ,(%9%;3 *e %?'3+ 0(3&e+3+ -*'+,(-%e+7 03( e;e2037 e e &%e,%2-e,3 *e 0e,(/e3 &('*3 e ' 3(3 ,'9'%(.
2.2.- COMPORTAMIENTO DE LOS DIFERENTES TIPOS DE DESTILACIÓN:
CURVAS DE
2.3 INTERCONVERSIÓN DE CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN: Se *-+03e *e *-)e(+3+ 0(3&e*-2-e,3+ 0%(% % -,e(&3)e(+-/ *e %+ &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ &3+-*e(%*3 e %?'3+ &%+3+ 'e % -,e(+e&&-/ *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM 5 TBP e+ %0(3-2%*%2e,e % = )3'2e. •
M@,3*3 E*2-+,e(. E+ ' 0(3&e*-2-e,3 0%(% &3)e(,-( % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 %
•
TBP. M@,3*3 P-(3323)KBe-+e?e(. P(3&e*-2-e,3 0%(% &3)e(,-( % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM
• •
D8 % TBP. M@,3*3 Ne+3. P(3&e*-2-e,3 0%(% &3)e(,-( &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM 3 TBP % VFE. M@,3*3 *e Ne+3 *e -,e()%3+ (e+,(-?-*3+. P(3&e*-2-e,3 0%(% &3)e(,-( &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM 3 TBP % VFE. Re&32e*%*3 &'%*3 % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ 0(e+e,%
•
-((e?'%(-*%*e+ e e -,e()%3 *e e9'-&-/. M@,3*3 E*2-+,e(KO%23,3. De+&(-9e ' 0(3&e*-2-e,3 0%(% &3)e(,-( %+ &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM 3 TBP % &'()%+ VFE. C3+-*e(% '% 0e*-e,e %&e,'%*% e,(e e $ 5
•
= )3'2e. M@,3*3 Ne+3 3 API. C3)e(+-/ *e &'()%+ ASTM 3 TBP % VFE % 0(e+-3e+ 2%53(e+ 'e % %,23+6@(-&%.
E+,3+ 0(3&e*-2-e,3+ ',--4% *-)e(+%+ ?(16-&%+ 0%(% e+,-2%( )%3(e+ e+0e&6-&3+ 'e -20-&% 3+ *-)e(+3+ &1&'3+7 5 %*e21+7 +3 0(3&e*-2-e,3+ 'e e e 6','(3 +e 03*(1 +'+,-,'-( 03( 3,(3+ 'e)3+.
2.4.-CONVERSIÓN DE CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN ASTM D86 A TBP:
2.4.1.-Mé!"! D#$%&'
•
•
Se *e,e(2-% e0e(-2e,%2e,e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 <3 ASTM>
•
L% ,e20e(%,'(% *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ +e &3)-e(,e % F
•
L% ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 % = )3. Se &3)-e(,e % TBP7 ',--4%*3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/:
Se *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆ASTM D8> *e 3+ -,e()%3+ *e &3(,e $KH=7 HK=7 K=7 K=7 K$= 5 $K= )3.
•
Se *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆TBP> &3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/:
A 5 B +3 &3+,%,e+ 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e +3 (e03(,%*3+ e % ,%9% C$.
•
Se &%&'% %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ *e &'%'-e( 03(&e,%;e *e *e+,-%*37 2e*-%,e %+ +-?'-e,e+ &3((e%&-3e+ &3+-*e(%*3 --&-%2e,e % ,e20e(%,'(% TBP % = &%&'%*% &3 % e&'%&-/ $7 5 +'2%*3 3 (e+,%*3 %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ &%&'%*%+ &3 % e&'%&-/ ".
2.4.2.-Mé!"! R(#)(-D#$%&' • • •
Se *e,e(2-% e0e(-2e,%2e,e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8. L% ,e20e(%,'(% *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ +e &3)-e(,e % e)-. L%+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ TBP +e *e,e(2-% &3 % e&'%&-/ #7 e20e%*3 %+ &3+,%,e+ % 5 9 *e % ,%9% C".
2.*.-CONVERSIÓN DE CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN TBP A ASTM D86: Se -)-e(,e e 0(3&e*-2-e,3 *e % &3)e(+-/ ASTM % TBP •
•
Se &%&'% % ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 % = )3. C3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/:
Se *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆TBP> &3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/:
A7 B +3 &3+,%,e+ *e % ,%9% C$. ∆TBP.
D-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ TBP e,(e *3+ 0',3+ *e &3(,e F
∆ASTM.
•
D-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 e,(e *3+ 0',3+ *e &3(,e. F
Se &%&'% %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ *e &'%'-e( 03(&e,%;e *e *e+,-%*3 &3 %+ +-?'-e,e+ e0(e+-3e+.
2.*.1.-Mé!"! R(#)(-D#$%&' • •
De,e(2-%( e0e(-2e,%2e,e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ TBP. L% ,e20e(%,'(% e+ e e)-. E+,-2%( % ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 &3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/.
%79 +3 &3+,%,e+ *e % ,%9% C".
2.6.-CONVERSIÓN DE CURVA ASTM D116+ A1+ ,,H # TBP # 1+ ,,H: E+ ' 0(3&e*-2-e,3 *e+%((3%*3 03( E*2-+,e(O%23,37 *3*e %29%+ &'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ e+,1 (e6e(-*%+ % $ 22?. E+ ' 2@,3*3 ?(16-&3. • •
• •
Se %+'2e 'e % ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D$$ 5 TBP % = )3.+3 -?'%e+. De % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D$$ +e 39,-ee %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆ASTM D$$> % $7$ % 7 % 7 % 5 % H= V3. C3 % ?(16-&% D$7 +e 39,-ee %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ TBP. Se &%&'% %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ TBP % &%*% = )3'2e.
2..-CONVERSIÓN DE CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN ASTM D86 A ASTM VFE: •
Se ',--4% % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/
A 797&7 &3+,%,e+ *e % ,%9% C. ASTM7 Te20e(%,'(% *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 *e &%*% =)3.-7 VFE7 Te20e(%,'(% *e % &'()% VFE *e &%*% =)3.-7
+? ?(%)e*%* e+0e&6-&% 3 *e+-*%* (e%,-)% $.$$.$C < * 15.15 ° C ¿ 15.15 ° C
•
L% S? 0(e6e(e,e2e,e *e9e +e( *e,e(2-%*% &3 % *e+-*%*7 %9+3',% e0e(-2e,%7 +- e29%(?37 e &%*% &%+3 *e 3 *-+03e(+e7 +e 0'e*e e+,-2%( ,e/(-&%2e,e &3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/:
T$ 5 T7 ,e20e(%,'(% % $ 5 = )3. *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D7 L% e&'%&-/ $ e+ )1-*% 0%(% +? e,(e .K$.
2.8.-CONVERSIÓN DE CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN SIMULADA /DS0 A ASTM D86: •
L% &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*% +e 39,-ee e0e(-2e,%2e,e 2e*-%,e e 2@,3*3 ASTM
•
D"88. Se &%&'% % ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 % = )3. % 0%(,-( *e %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ DS % = 0e+3 &3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/.
L% ,e20e(%,'(% DS % = 0e+3 e+ e e)-. •
De % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ e0e(-2e,% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*% +e *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆DS> 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e $KH7 HK7 K7 K. K$7 $K=
•
0e+3. C3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/ +e *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ ASTM < ∆ASTM> 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e -.
∆ASTM7
∆DS7
D-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e -7 C.
D-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*% 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e -7 C.
E7F7 &3+,%,e+ 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e 'e +e (e03(,% e % ,%9% C#.
•
L% ,e20e(%,'(% *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 % &'%'-e( 03(&-e,3 *e *e+,-%*3 +e &%&'% &3 9%+e e % ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 % =7 +'2%*3 3 (e+,%*3 %+ *-6e(e&-%+ ASTM D87 <∆ASTM->.
E+,e 0(3&e*-2-e,3 +e %0-&% 0%(% 6(%&&-3e+ *e 0e,(/e3 0%(% ' -,e()%3 *e ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 *e K $C % =. L% *e+)-%&-/ %9+3',% 0(32e*-3 e+ *e C.
2..-C!,!'#,(&! "& #5 $'7#5 "& "&5(#( ASTM D86 9 5(,$#"# /DS >:
2.1+.-CONVERSIÓN DE CURVAS DE DESTILACIÓN SIMULADA /DS0 A TBP: •
L% &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*% +e 39,-ee e0e(-2e,%2e,e 2e*-%,e e 2@,3*3 ASTM
•
D"88. Se %+'2e 'e % ,e20e(%,'(% TBP % = )3. E+ -?'% % % ,e20e(%,'(% DS % = 0e+3 <F>. De % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ e0e(-2e,% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*% +e *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e
•
,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆DS> 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e $KH7 HKH7 HK7 K7 K7 K$7 $K =0e+3.
C3 % +-?'-e,e e&'%&-/ +e &%&'% % *-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(% TBP < ∆TBP> 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e
•
&3(,e -. ∆TBP7
∆DS7
D-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(% *e *e+,-%&-/ TBP 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e -7 F.
D-6e(e&-% *e ,e20e(%,'(% *e *e+,-%&-/ +-2'%*% 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e -7 F.
C7D7 &3+,%,e+ 0%(% &%*% -,e()%3 *e &3(,e 'e +e (e03(,% e % ,%9% C.
•
L% ,e20e(%,'(% *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ TBP % &'%'-e( 03(&-e,3 *e *e+,-%*3 +e &%&'% &3 9%+e e %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ % = TBP7 +'2%*3 3 (e+,%*3 %+ *-6e(e&-%+ TBP7 < ∆TBP->.
E+,e 0(3&e*-2-e,3 +e %0-&% 0%(% 6(%&&-3e+ *e 0e,(/e3 0%(% ' -,e()%3 *e ,e20e(%,'(% TBP *e $"KC. L% *e+)-%&-/ %9+3',% 0(32e*-3 e+ *e .C.
2.11.- PROCEDIMIENTO R;FICO DESTILACIÓN ASTM D86 A TBP: • • • • • •
PARA
CONVERSIÓNDE
CURVAS
DE
Se *e,e(2-% e0e(-2e,%2e,e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ASTM D8 <3 ASTM>. Se *e,e(2-% % ,e20e(%,'(% TBP % = )3. C3 9%+e e % ,e20e(%,'(% ASTM D8 % = 5 ?(16-&%+ D" 5 D 0%(% ,e20e(%,'(%+ e C 5 F7 (e+0e&,-)%2e,e. TBP <=> ASTM D8 <=> ∆T <=>. Se *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆ASTM D8> *e 3+ -,e()%3+ *e &3(,e $K H=7 HK=7 K=7 K=7 K$= 5 $K= )3. Se *e,e(2-% %+ *-6e(e&-%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ < ∆TBP> '+%*3 ?(16-&% D". Se &%&'%+ %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ TBP &3 %+ +-?'-e,e+ e&'%&-3e+:
3.-DISCUSIÓN: P%(% 23*e%( '% 30e(%&-/ 'e -)3'&(e 0e,(/e37 e+ e&e+%(-3 &33&e(7 3 % 2e3+ e+,-2%(7 %+ 0(30-e*%*e+ *e 2-+23. L% *e,e(2-%&-/ e%&,% *e % &3203+-&-/ *e ' &('*3 3 e+ 03+-9e *e9-*3 % % ?(% &%,-*%* *e &3203e,e+ 'e -,e?(% % 2e4&%. Se &%(%&,e(-4% e,3&e+ e 0e,(/e3 03( '% &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ (e%-4%*% *e %&'e(*3 % 0(3&e*-2-e,3+ e+,%*%(-4%*3+ <*e+,-%&-/ TBP7 ASTM D87 D$$7 e,&.>. L'e?3 +e e20e% &3((e%&-3e+ e-+,e,e+ 0%(% e+,-2%(%+ 0(30-e*%*e+ 6+-&%+ *e 0e,(/e3 % 0%(,-( *e %+ ,e20e(%,'(%+ 'e &363(2% % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/. A+7 e &('*3 0'e*e +e( 23*e%*3 &323 ' ?('03 *e &3203e,e+ -03,@,-&3+ &'5%+ 0(30-e*%*e+ *% 63(2% % % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/. Me*-&-3e+ e0e(-2e,%e+ &323 % *e+-*%*7 % )-+&3+-*%*7 e,&.7 ?ee(% 'e)%+ &'()%+ 'e 0e(2-,e %;'+,%( %+ e+,-2%&-3e+ 0%(% e &('*3. L% *e+,-%&-/ *e 0e,(/e3 e %93(%,3(-3 e+ *e ?(% ',--*%* e e (e6-%2-e,3 5 63(2'%&-/ *e &329'+,-9e+7 ,(e+ *e 3+ e+%53+ 21+ -203(,%,e+ +3: % &'()% ASTM7 % TBP 5 % EFV <'-,-e(7 $H$. E-+,e ,(e+ ,-03+ &1+-&3+ *e (e0(e+e,%&-/ ?(16-&% *e ' &('*37 %+ &'()%+ *e 0(30-e*%*e+ -+,%,1e%+7 %+ &'()%+ *e 0(30-e*%*e+K(e*-2-e,3+ 5 %+ &'()%+ *e -+30(30-e*%*e+. De,(3 *e %+ &'()%+ *e 0(30-e*%*e+ W (e*-2-e,3+ e+,1 %+ &'()%+ *e 0(30-e*%*e+ *e 03(&e,%;e+ 2e*-3+ . De,(3 *e % &'()% *e *e+,-%&-/ ,e*(e23+ '3+ 0',3+ &%(%&,e(+,-&3+ 'e %5 'e *e6--( 0(e)-%2e,e: %> P',3 --&-% *e e9'-&-/: E+ % 21-2% ,e20e(%,'(% %&%4%*% e e ,e(2/2e,(3 *'(%,e e e+%537 % &'% +e %&%4% 6(e&'e,e2e,e7 *e+0'@+ *e % e)%03(%&-/ *e ,3*3 e '-*3 *e 63*3 *e 2%,(%4. 9> P',3 +e&3: E+ % ,-2% e&,'(% *e ,e(2/2e,(3 39+e()%*% e e -+,%,e e 'e % ,-2% ?3,% *e '-*3 +e e)%03(% *e 63*3 *e 2%,(%4. Se *e+0(e&-% %+ ?3,%+ 'e 0'*-e(% 'e*%( e %+ 0%(e*e+. S'ee &3-&-*-( &3 e 0',3 6-%. &> P3(&e,%;e (e&'0e(%*3: E+ e )3'2e e 27 *e '-*3 &3*e+%*3 'e +e (e&3?e e % 0(39e,% &3e&,%(% &3((e+03*-e,e % '% *e,e(2-%*% e&,'(% +-2',%e% *e ,e(2/2e,(3.
*> P3(&e,%;e *e (e&'0e(%&-/: E+ e 21-23 )3'2e (e&3?-*3 e % 0(39e,%. e> P3(&e,%;e *e (e&'0e(%&-/. ,3,%: E+ % +'2% *e 03(&e,%;e *e (e&'0e(%&-/ 5 e (e+-*'3 *e 2%,(%4. "" 6> P3(&e,%;e *e (e+-*'3: E )3'2e *e (e+-*'3 e 2 2e*-*3 *-(e&,%2e,e. ?> P3(&e,%;e *e 0@(*-*%: E+ -?'% % &-e 2e3+ e 03(&e,%;e *e (e&'0e(%&-/ ,3,%.
*.-REFERENCIAS BIBLIOR;FICAS: $.K A0',e+ C'()%+ *e *e+,-%&-/ *e 3+ -*(3&%(9'(3+Y. U-*%* *e %0(e*-4%;e: C%(%&,e(-4%&-/ *e 0e,(/e3 5 +'+ 0(3*'&,3+. D(. G'+,%)3 Je++ M%((3' S1&e4.
6.- ANE O AET: A,23+0e(-&E'-)%e,Te20e(%,'(e
D&5(#( ASTM D86:
De+-?%&-/: D8K$" M@,3*3 *e 0('e9% e+,1*%( 0%(% % *e+,-%&-/ *e 0e,(/e3 % 0(e+-/ %,23+6@(-&%. $$. Le&,'(%+ *e ,e20e(%,'(%+ &3((e&,%+ % $$. P% < 22?> *e 0(e+-/. O9,ee( % &3((e&&-/ 'e *e9e %0-&%(+e % &%*% e&,'(% *e % ,e20e(%,'(% 03( 2e*-3 *e % e&'%&-/ *e S-*e5 3'? &323 +e *% e % e& 7 e& # 5 e& +e? &3((e+03*%7 3 03( e '+3 *e % T%9% . P%(% ,e20e(%,'(%+ e ?(%*3+ Ce+-'+: C& .H <$$. W P$> <",&> <> C& .$" < W P> <",& >
<#>
P%(% ,e20e(%,'(%+ e ?(%*3+ F%(ee-,: C6 .$" < W P><# , 6 >
<>
D3*e: ,& % ,e20e(%,'(% 39+e()%*% e ?(%*3+ Ce+-'+. ,6 % ,e20e(%,'(% 39+e()%*% e ?(%*3+ F%(ee-,
D&5(#( ASTM D282: De+-?%&-/: D"8H"K$ M@,3*3 *e 0('e9% e+,1*%( 0%(% % *e+,-%&-/ *e 0e,(/e3 <$ W &3'2% *e 0%,3+ ,e/(-&3+> A8. C1&'3. A8..$ C3)e(,-( ,e20e(%,'(% *e )%03( 39+e()%*% % ,e20e(%,'(% %,23+6@(-&% e'-)%e,e ',--4%*3 % e&. A8.$:
748.1 A AET
(
1 T + 273.1
)
−273.1
+ 0.3861 A −0.00051606
D3*e: AET ,e20e(%,'(% e'-)%e,e %,23+6@(-&%7 C7 5 T ,e20e(%,'(% *e )%03( 39+e()%*% A8..$.$ C%&'3 *e A '+%*3 e&. A8." 3 e&. A8. A =
5.143222−0.972546 log10 P 2579.329− 95.76log10 P
D3*e: P0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 P%. <0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ [." P%> 3
A =
5.994295− 0.972546 log10 P 2663.129− 95.76log 10 P
D3*e: P 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 22? <0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ [" 22?>.
D&5(#( ASTM D116+: De+-?%&-/: D$$K$ M@,3*3 *e 0('e9% e+,1*%( 0%(% % *e+,-%&-/ *e 0(3*'&,3+ *e(-)%*3+ *e 0e,(/e3 % 0(e+-/ (e*'&-*%. A. C1&'3. A..$ C3)e(,-( ,e20e(%,'(% *e )%03( 39+e()%*% % ,e20e(%,'(% %,23+6@(-&% e'-)%e,e ',--4%*3 % e&. A.$:
748.1 A AET
(
1 T + 273.1
)
−273.1
+ 0.3861 A −0.00051606
D3*e: AET ,e20e(%,'(% e'-)%e,e %,23+6@(-&%7 C7 5 T ,e20e(%,'(% *e )%03( 39+e()%*% A..$.$ C%&'3 *e A '+%*3 e&. A." 3 e&. A. A =
5.143222−0.972546 log10 P 2579.329− 95.76log10 P
D3*e: P0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 P%. <0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ [." P%> 3 A =
5.994295− 0.972546 log10 P 2663.129− 95.76log 10 P
D3*e: P 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 22? <0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ [" 22?>. A...$." S- % 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ ." P% <"22?>. Se &%&'% A '+%*3 e&.A.# 3 e&. A.: A =
D3*e:
5.897249− 0.987672 log10 P 2962.909− 43log10 P
P0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 P%. O A =
6.761559 −0.987672 log10 P 3000.538− 43log10 P
D3*e: P 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 22?.
D&5(#( ASTM D*236: De+-?%&-/: D"K$ M@,3*3 *e 0('e9% e+,1*%( 0%(% % *e+,-%&-/ *e 2e4&%+ *e -*(3&%(9'(3+ 0 e+%*3+ <2@,3*3 03,+,- )%&3> A#. C1&'3. A#..$ C3)e(,-( ,e20e(%,'(% *e )%03( 39+e()%*% % ,e20e(%,'(% %,23+6@(-&% e'-)%e,e ',--4%*3 % e&. A#.$:
748.1 A AET
(
1 T + 273.1
)
+
−
0.3861 A −0.00051606
273.1
D3*e: AET ,e20e(%,'(% e'-)%e,e %,23+6@(-&%7 C7 5 T ,e20e(%,'(% *e )%03( 39+e()%*% A#..$.$ S- % 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ [."<"22?>. Se C%&'% A '+%*3 e&. A#." 3 e&. A#.
A =
5.143222−0.972546 log10 P 2579.329− 95.76log10 P
D3*e: P0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 P%. O A =
5.994295− 0.972546 log10 P 2663.129− 95.76log 10 P
D3*e: P 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 22? . A.#..$." S- % 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/ ." P% <"22?>. Se &%&'% A '+%*3 e&.A.# 3 e&. A.:
A =
5.897249− 0.987672 log10 P 2962.909− 43log10 P
D3*e: P0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 P%. O A =
6.761559 −0.987672 log10 P 3000.538− 43log10 P
D3*e: P 0(e+-/ *e 30e(%&-/7 22?.
