ALMO@_MNFÞJ KA GM_MOA _FN@ AJ ML[M D_QN[@^M Al gmrmoa rfn` aj ml{m drqn{`~m a~ qjm nlm~a ka mlhfkþj ka mw÷nmr aj d`rhm ka lè}qfk` nlmr` n`j qj n`j{ajfk` ka drqn{`~m ka myr`ufhmkmhaj{a 19!* Lm drqn{`~m ka ml{m n`jnaj{rmnfþj a~ yr`kqnfkm m {rmtæ~ ka qj {rm{mhfaj{` of`}qèhfn` ymrm al mlhfkþj* Lm drqn{`~m ka ml{m n`jnaj{rmnfþj, a~ qjm hawnlm ka drqn{`~m v clqn`~m, ka ~mo`r kqlna fjn`l`r` v aj a ~{mk` lè}qfk`* Al gmrmoa rfn` aj ml{m drqn{`~m a~ q~mk` mhylfmhaj{a n`h` qj akqln`rmj{a jq{rf{ft` %ka oaofkm~, y`~{ra~, harhalmkm~, a{n*&, n`j{rfoqvajk` y`r ~q~ m{rfoq{`~ dqjnf`jmla~ v dè~fn`~ aj mylfnmnf`ja~ ka mlfhaj{`~ v oaofkm~, y`r ~q adan{` akqln`rmj{a, n`h` y`{ajnfmk`r ka ~mo`r, ymrm ka~mrr`ll` ka n`l`r v ~mo`r, kf~hfjqnfþj kal yqj{` ka n`jcalmnfþj v a ~{moflfkmk `~hþ{fnm*
Kadfjfnf`ja~ Al gmrmoa rfn` aj ml{m drqn{`~m a~ qj akqln`rmj{a lè}qfk` m om~a ka hmèwalmo`rmk` hakfmj{a qj yr`na~` ka yr`kqnnfþj ka ka h÷l{fyla~ a{mym~* [faja qjm ml{m ml{m n`jnaj{rmnfþj ka ka drqn{`~m aj ralmnfþj n`j al gmrmoa ka hmèw n`h÷j* Al Gmrmoa ka hmèw ka ml{m drqn{`~m %GHMD& %GHMD& a~ qj lè}qfk`, n`hyqa~{` y`r qjm hawnlm ka h`j`~mnírfk`~ n`j nmj{fkmka~ kfdaraj{a~ ka clqn`~mv drqn{`~m, m~è n`h` y`r ya}qaým~ nmj{fkmka~ ka `{r`~ ~mnírfk`~* ^ac÷j lm DM@,al GHMD d`rhm ymr{a ka l`~ yr`kqn{`~ n`j`nfk`~ n`h` f~`clqn`~m, qj {fy` ka gmrmoa ka mlhfkþj aj }qa lm clqn`~m ~a em f~`harfwmk` aj drqn{`~m q{flfwmjk` qjm ` hí~ ajwfhm~ ka f~`harfwmnfþj %@rcmjfwmnfþj Hqjkfml kal N`harnf`, ?991&* Lm~ hm{arfm~ yrfhm~ hí~ n`hqja~ q{flfwmkm~ ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka GHMD a~ al mlhfkþj ka hmèw dmorfnmk` y`r al yr`na~` ka h`lfajkm e÷hakm* Lm yr`kqnnfþj ka GHMD m ymr{fr kal mlhfkþj ~a n`hy`ja ka {ra~ yr`na~`~ yrfjnfymla~7 %F& lm lfnqadmnnfþj kal mlhfkþj y`r mldm(mhflm~m, %FF& ~mnmrfdfnmnfþj kal mlhfkþj y`r lm mnnfþj n`hofjmkm ka mhfl`clqn`~fkm~m v qjm ajwfhm ka~rmhfdfnmj{a, v %FFF& lm f~`harfwmnfþj ka lm clqn`~m y`r lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m* Al yr`kqn{` yr`kqn{` dfjml a~ qj gmrmoa ka hmèw gmrmoa }qa n`j{faja qjm hawnlm ka clqn`~m v drqn{`~m, v y`r l` {mj{` n`j qjm nmymnfkmk akqln`rmj{a ~qyarf`r m lm ka lm ~mnmr`~m* @{rm~ dqaj{a~ ka mlhfkþj, n`h` al {rfc`, vqnm v mrr`w ~a q{flfwmj aj haj`r hakfkm aj `{rm~ ymr{a~ kal hqjk`* L`~ ~qoyr`kqn{`~ ka lm lm fjkq~{rfm ka h`lfajkm ka hmèw ~`j fhy`r{mj{a~ aj lm kanf~fþj ka lm yr`kqnnfþj ka GHMD* Lm fjkq~{rfm ka l`~ gmrmoa~ ka drqn{`~m {`hþ crmj dqarwm kaofk` m }qa lm drqn{`~m {faja nmymnfkmk akqln`rmj{a >9! hmv`r }qa lm ~mnmr`~m, ?*1 tana~ hmv`r }qa lm clqn`~m v a~ ? tana~ hí~ ~`lqola }qa æ~{m2 m ~q taw, y`~aa haj`~ jftala~ nmlþrfn`~, yarhf{fajk` {ajar hmv`ra~ mylfnmnf`ja~ aj l`~ {rm{mhfaj{`~ ka tmrfm~ ajdarhakmka~ %^mlnak`, H`j{a~, a { ml*, ?996&*
Yr`yfakmka~ dqjnf`jmla~ kal gmroa rfn` aj ml{m drqn{`~m
Ml{` kqlw`r* L`~ gmrmoa~ ka ml{m drqn{`~m ~a n`j~fkarmj n`h` al akqln`rmj{a jm{qrml y`r aunalajnfm v æ~{m nmrmn{arè~{fnm a~ q{flfwmkm aj lm mylfnmnfþj }qa ~am ra}qarfkm, m dfj ka yr`y`rnf`jmr m l`~ yr`kqn{`~ dfjmla~, jftala~ ka kqlw`r ~fhflmra~ ` hmv`ra~ }qa lm ~mnmr`~m*
Efcr`~n`yfnfkmk* Lm yra~ajnfm ka drqn{`~m aj a~{a {fy` ka gmrmoa~ akqln`rmj{a~, yr`kqna ml{m efcr`~n`yfnfkmk v æ~{m dqjnf`jmlfkmk a~ ka~amola nqmjk` ~a ra}qfara hag`rmr al y`kar ka ra{ajnfþj ka eqhakmk*
Ml{m darhaj{moflfkmk* L`~ G_MD ~`j =99! darhaj{mola~ y`r latmkqrm~, l` nqml emna y`~fola ~q q~` aj yr`na~`~ ka ymjfdfnmnfþj n`h` ~q~{f{q{` ka ~mnmr`~m*
Yra~fþj `~hþ{fnm* Y`r ~q n`j{ajfk` ka h`j`~mnírfk`~, l`~ G_MD yra~aj{mj qjm ml{m yra~fþj `~hþ{fnm v æ~{m nmrmn{arè~{fnm a~ ~q{flfwmkm ymrm fjefofr al nranfhfaj{` ka hfnr``rcmjf~h`~ v mqhaj{mr lm tfkm ka mjm}qal aj yr`kqn{`~ n`h` gqc`~, jæn{mra~ v n`j~artm~*
Y`{ajnfmnfþj ka ~mo`r* Kaofk` m ~q n`j{ajfk` ka drqn{`~m, a~{`~ gmrmoa~ ra~ml{mj mr`hm~ drq{mla~, cajarmjk` lm ~aj~mnfþj ka hmv`r n`j{ajfk` ka drq{m aj oaofkm~*
[fy`~ ka Gmrmoa _fn` aj Ml{m Drqn{`~m Auf~{aj k`~ {fy`~ ka Gmrmoa Gmrmoa ka Hmèw _fn` aj Ml{m Drqn{`~m7 al Drqn{`~m(;? v al Drqn{`~m(11*
Drqn{`~m ;? %GHMD(;?& Kaofk` m ~q~ yr`yfakmka~ dè~fn`(}qèhfnm~ v y`kar akqln`rmj{a, ~a q{flfwm n`h` ~q~{f{q{`~ kal mw÷nmr ka nmým, aj oaofkm~, cm~a`~m~, gqc`~, lfn`ra~ v aj cajarml aj {`k` yr`na~` fjkq~{rfml }qa q{flfwm mw÷nmr aj dm~a lè}qfkm* A~ qj gmrmoa akqln`rmj{a yr`kqnfk` y`r qj yr`na~` ka k`ola n`jtar~fþj ajwfhí{fnm %mlhfkþj ( kau{r`~m ( drqn{`~m&, y`~aa nlmrfkmk orfllmj{a, lfora ka {qrofkaw v mq~ajnfm ka `l`r, ~ahagmj{a ml mcqm* ^q n`hy`~fnfþj ka nmro`efkrm{`~ a~ Drqn{`~m ;?!, Kau{r`~m 19!, Ml{`~ ~mnírfk`~ 5!* ^a ran`hfajkm mlhmnajmr m qjm {ahyarm{qrm aj{ra >1 v ;=¹N, vm }qa kaj{r` ka a~{a rmjc` al ka~mrr`ll` ka n`l`r v lm nrf~{mlfwmnfþj ~a hfjfhfwmj, A~ qj gmrmoa hqv kqlna, fjn`l`r`, radfjmk` y`r fj{arnmhof` fþjfn` l` }qa m~acqrm al nqhylfhfaj{` ka lm~ hí~ ml{m~ aufcajnfm~ n`h` yr`kqn{` mlfhaj{fnf` aj {ærhfj`~ ka n`l`r, {rmj~ymrajnfm, ~mo`r, najfwm~ v lèhf{a~ hfnr`of`lþcfn`~* ^a la ahylam aj oaofkm~ nmro`jm{mkm~ ?9!2 mln`eþlfnm~ =9!2 gqc`~ ka drq{m~ ;9!* M~fhf~h` aj cmlla{m~, {`r{m~, a{n* >9!, k`jka j` ~þl` ~a l` q~m y`r ~q y`kar akqln`rmj{a ~fj` y`r ~q~ nqmlfkmka~ n`h` eqhan{mj{a v mcaj{a {au{qrfwmk`r*
Drqn{`~m 11 %GHMD(11& A~ qj gmrmoa ka hmèw ka ~acqjkm cajarmnfþj,`o{ajfk` y`r k`ola n`jtar~fþj ajwfhí{fnm v y`~{arf`r drmnnf`jmhfaj{`* A~{a yr`kqn{` j` yra~aj{m {qrofkaw v a~ {`{mlhaj{a nrf~{mlfj` a fjn`l`r`* ^q n`hy`~fnfþj a~ 11! Drqn{`~m, ;=! Kau{r`~m v ;! ml{`~ ~mnírfk`~*
Mkanqmkmhaj{a mlhmnajmk` a~ ra~f~{aj{a ml nranfhfaj{` hfnr`ofmj`, m lm n`l`rmnfþj vm lm nrf~{mlfwmnfþj* ^q mlhmnajmhfaj{` kaoa ~ar m ?;(>9¹N, vm }qa kaj{r` ka a~{a rmjc` yqaka ~ar hmjagmk` aj lm hmv`rèm ka l`~ ~f~{ahm~ q~mk`~ aj a l hmjag` ka mw÷nmra~ kflqfk`~* A~ qj gmrmoa hqv kqlna, fjn`l`r`2 ~q k`ola radfjmnfþj y`r fj{arnmhof` fþjfn` la yarhf{a mlnmjwmr j`{mola~ n`jkfnf`ja~ ka yqrawm, {rmj~ymrajnfm v yrín{fnm mq~ajnfm ka mcaj{a~ hfnr`of`lþcfn`~ v ka ymr{ènqlm~ aj ~q~yaj~fþj* Kaofk` m ~q y`kar akqln`rmj{a, ml{` n`j{ajfk` ka ~þlfk`~ v crmj yqrawm, al GMHD(11 a~ qj yr`kqn{` akqln`rmj{a fkaml ymrm oaofkm~ nmro`jm{mkm~ v j` nmro`jm{mkm~, yr`kqn{`~ lín{a`~, harhalmkm~, gmlam~ v n`j~artm~*
Nmrmn{arè~{fnm~ kal gmrmoa ka hmèw ka ml{m drqn{`~m ;? v 11 %Yæraw $ Tmlla, =663&7 [molm =* Nmrmn{arè~{fnm~ ka l`~ {fy`~ ka gmrmoa ka ml{m drqn{`~m*
M^YAN[@ Eqhakmk ^q~{mjnfm ~anm Kaj~fkmk %bc/l&%?9¹N& Tf~n`~fkmk %ny~ m ?4¹N& yE %~fj kflqfr& Drqn{`~m H`j`~mnírfk`~ {`{mla~ N`l`r mj{a~ ka nmlaj{mr %mo~`romjnfm& N`l`r ka~yqæ~ ka nmlaj{mr %mo~`romjnfm& @l`r ^mo`r Kqlw`r ralm{ft` ka mw÷nmr Kfþufk` ka mwqdra Najfwm~ Mna{mlkaeèk` Hfnr`of`l`cèm Omn{arfm~ {`{mla~ Latmkqrm~ E`jc`~
GHMD(;?
GHMD(11
?6*9! 39*6(3=*6! =*>; =49 >*>(;*> ;?! hfj* o~ 6>! hfj* o~ 9*1 híu*
?>*9! 33*9! =*>5 439 >*1 11*9(13! o~ 61*1! hfj* o~ 9*; híu*
?*1 híu*
?*1 híu*
Oqaj` Oqaj` 6?(=99 ?yyh híu* 9*91! híu* 59yyo híu*
Oqaj` Oqaj` =99 %fcqml& >yyh híu* 9*9=! híu* 59yyo híu*
?99 híu/=9c o*~* =9 híu/=9c o*~* =9 híu/=9c o*~*
?99 híu/=9c o*~* =9 híu/=9c o*~* =9 híu/=9c o*~*
Q~`~ v mylfnmnfþj kal gmrmoa rfn` aj ml{m drqn{`~m [molm ?* Mylfnmnf`ja~ kal gmrmoa rfn` aj ml{m drqn{`~m*
Fjkq~{rfm
Ymjfdfnmnfþj
Lín{a`~
N`jdf{arèm
Yr`kqn{`~ drq{mla~ Oaofkm~
Taca{mla~ yr`na~mk`~
@{r`~ q~`~
Mylfnmnf`ja~ Hag`rmk`r ka nqary`* Mcaj{a ka nmrmhalfwmnfþj* Darhaj{moflfkmk* Efcr`~n`yfnfkmk* Akqln`rmj{a* _amlwm orfllmj{aw Hag`rmk`r ka nqary`* Y`{ajnfmk`r ka ~mo`r* A~{moflfwmk`r ka a~yqhm* Kf~hfjqnfþj kal yqj{` ka n`jcalmnfþj* Fjefofk`r ka nrf~{mlfwmnfþj* Akqln`rmj{a* Hag`rmk`r ka nqary`* Y`{ajnfmk`r ka ~mo`r drq{ml* Efcr`~n`yfnfkmk* Fjefofk`r ka nrf~{mlfwmnfþj* Akqln`rmj{a* Y`{ajnfmk`r ka ~mo`r* _amlwm orfllmj{aw* Akqln`rmj{a* Ylm~{fdfnmj{a* Hag`rmk`r ka nqary`* Akqln`rmj{a* Darhaj{moflfkmk %nartawm&* _amlwm orfllmj{aw* Akqln`rmj{a* Mlfhaj{`~ fjdmj{fla~* Au{rmn{`~ v a~ajnfm~* ^`ym~ v n`j~`hæ~* ^mlnefnem~ v ahoq{fk`~* Hmrf~n`~ n`jcalmk`~*
F~`harfwmnfþj ka clqn`~m Lm clqn`~m(f~`harm~m ml mn{qmr ~`ora clqn`~m yr`kqna aj al a}qflforf` qjm hawnlm kal ;?! ka drqn{`~m, 1?! ka clqn`~m v ra~{` ka `{r`~ mw÷nmra~* Lm hawnlm m~è `o{ajfkm ~a kaj`hfjm “mw÷nmr fjtar{fk`‘ y`r}qa ~a tmrèm al cfr` }qa yr`kqna lm clqn`~m aj lm lqw y`lmrfwmkm em~{m nmh ofmr~a ka
~fcj` nqmjk` al n`j{ajfk` aj drqn{`~m tm nranfa jk`*
Flq~{rmnfþj =* _amnnfþj nm{mlfwmkm y`r clqn`~m f~`harm~m
F~`harfwmnfþj ajwfhí{fnm tar~q~ f~`harfwmnfþj }qèhfnm Lm n`jtar~fþj }qèhfnm ka lm clqn`~m m lm drqn{`~m ~a em n`j`nfk` kqrmj{a l`~ ÷l{fh`~ =99 mý`~ v n`j~{f{qva qj` ka qj crqy` ka ramnnf`ja~ n`j`nfkm~ n`lan{ftmhaj{a n`h` {rmj~d`rhmnfþj ka L`orvOrqvj ( Mloarkm tmj Abaj~{afj* A~{m~ ramnn f`ja~ ~qalaj llatmr~a m nmo` m yE v {ahyarm{qrm alatmk`~* Lm y`~foflfkmk ka yr`kqnfr drqn{`~m }qèhfnmhaj{a m ymr{fr ka clqn`~m em ~fk` a~{qkfmkm mhylfmhaj{a y`r %Omrbar, =63>&*Lm ramnnfþj j` a~ a~yanèdfnm v llatm m lm d`rhmnfþj ka mw÷nmra~ j`( ha{mo`lfwmola~ v `{r`~ yr`kqn{`~ ka n`l`r fjka~amola~* A~ kfdènfl l`crmr qjm n`jnaj{rmnfþj ka drqn{`~m ka hí~ kal ;9! y`r a~{a hæ{`k`* Y`r `{rm ymr{a, ~a em yr`kqnfk` lm drqn{`~m }qèhfnmhaj{a ka ~mo`ra~ v kqlwqrm rakqnfk`, }qa j` yqakaj ~ar ~`lqoflfwmk`~ ~`lqoflfwmk`~ dínflhaj{a* Y`r `{r` lmk`, lm n`jtar~fþj ajwfhí{fnm ka lm clqn`~m m lm drqn{`~m `drana tmrfm~ taj{mgm~, {mla~ n`h` %=& lm a~yanfdfnfkmk ka lm ramnnfþj, %?& lm aufcajnfm ka lm~ n`jkfnf`ja~ mhofaj{mla~ ka yE v {ahyarm{qrm, v %>& j` emv d`rhmnfþj ka yr`kqn{`~ ~anqjkmrf`~* Y`r l` {mj{`, lm n`jtar~fþj ajwfhí{fnm ~a yradfara m lm f~`harfwmnfþj }qèhfnm ka lm clqn`~m m lm drqn{`~m, v e`v al yr`na~` ka ymr{fnfymnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m em auyarfhaj{mk` qjm n`j~fkarmola auymj~fþj aj al harnmk` fjkq~{rfml*
@rcmjf~h`~ dqaj{a Lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m a~{í mhylfmhaj{a kf~{rfoqfkm aj yr`nmrf`{m~* Ka~yqæ~ ka ~q ka~nqorfhfaj{` aj Y~aqk`h`jm~ Y~aqk`h`jm~ evkr`yeflm, qj crmj j÷har` ka omn{arfm~ v mn{fj`hfna{`~ ~a em ajn`j{rmk` }qa yr`kqnaj lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m }qa ~a mn{ftm aj mq~ajnfm ka mr~ajfm{`* Aj{ra lm~ omn{arfm ínfk`~ ea{ar`lín{fnm~, al Lmn{`omnfllq~oratf~ yr`kqg` al hmv`r rajkfhfaj{` ka ajwfhm* Lm ajwfhm ~a mn{ftm m yE omg`, yar` fja~{mola aj ml{m {ahyarm{qrm v y`r l` {mj{` j` arm mkanqmk` ymrm lm auyl`{mnfþj an`jþhfnm* Fjd`rha~ ~`ora lm ~anranfþj au{rmnalqlmr ka lm~ clqn`~mf~`harm~m j` ~`j n`hqja~* ~a em fjd`rhmk`
}qa
yqaka
~ar
yr`kqnfk`
y`r
^{ray{`hvna~ clmqna~naj~
v
^*dlmt`crf~aq~,
d`r dlmt`crf~aq~, y`r }qa lm lfoarmnfþj ka lm ajwfhm ka lm~ nælqlm~ ~a m{rfoqvþ m qj nmhof` aj lm yarhamoflfkmk ka lm ymrak nalqlmr v lm lf~f~ ymrnfml ka lm nælqlm~ %Smjc , G`ej~`j, $ ^njafkar, =659&* Lm ufl`~m f~`harm~m au{rmnalqlmr kal Nemfjfm~yy v Omnfllq~ mlbml`{earh`yeflfn emj ~fk` yqrfdfnmkm hakfmj{a {ænjfnm~ ka yqrfdfnmnfþj n`jtajnf`jml , {ænjfnm~ {mla~ n`h` lm dfl{rmnfþj aj cal, nr`hm{`crmdèm ka fj{arnmhof` fþjfn`, alan{r`d`ra~f~ aj cal ka y`lfmnrflmhfkm v yraymrm{ftm*
[molm >* Hfnr``rcmjf~h`~ dqaj{a ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m
A~yanfa~ Mn{fj`hvna~`lft`nfjaraq~ Mn{fj`hvna~`lft`nfjaraq~, M* yema`ner`h`caja~ yema`ner`h`caja~ Mn{fj`ylmja~hf~~`qrfaj~f~ Mn{fj`ylmja~hf~~`qrfaj~f~ Mar`omn{armar`caja~ Mar`omn{armar`caja~, M* nl`mnma nl`mnma, M* latmjfnqh latmjfnqh ~yy* Mr{er`omn{ar ~yy* Omnfllq~ ~{amr`{earh`yeflq~ ~{amr`{earh`yeflq~, O* hacmomn{arfqh, O* n`mcqlmj~ Ofdfk`omn{arfqh~yy* Oratfomn{arfqhfjnar{qh, O* yaj{`~`mhfj`mnfkfnqh Nemfjfm~yy* N`rvjaomn{arfqh~yy* N`r{`omn{arfqhealt`lqh A~nearfnefm draqjkff , A* fj{arhakfm, A* n`lf Dlmt`omn{arfqhmro`ra~naj~, D* kat`rmj~ Lmn{`omnfllq~ oratf~, L* oqnejarf , L* darhaj{f , L* hmjjf{`y`aq~, L* cmv`jff , L* darhaj{f , L* ylmj{mrqh, L* lvn`yar~fnf, L* yaj{`~q~ Laqn`j`~{`nha~aj{ar`fka~ Hfnr`of~y`rm r`~am Hfnr`all`o`~y`rfmdlmtam Hfnr`h`j`~y`rmn`arqlm Hvn`omn{arfqh~yy* J`nmrkfm m~{ar`fka~, J* n`rmllfm, J* km~~`jtfllaf Ymrmn`l`omn{arfqhmar`caj`fka~ Y~aqk`j`nmrkfm~yy* Y~aqk`h`jm~evkr`yeflm ^mrnfjm~yy* ^{myevl`n`nnq~ ofoflm, ^* dlmt`tfraj~, ^* anefjm{q~ ^{ray{`n`nnq~ mner`h`caja~, ^* yema`ner`h`caja~ yema`ner`h`caja~, ^* drmnlfma, ^* r`~a`ner`h`caj r `~a`ner`h`caja~ a~, ^* `lftmnaq~, ^* nmlfd`rjfn`~, ^* tajqnaq~, ^* tfrcfjfml ^{ray{`hvna~ `lft`ner`h`caja~ `lft`ner`h`caja~, ^* tajawmalfa, ^* sakh`raj~f~, ^* crf~a`lq~, ^* clmqna~naj~, ^* ofbfjfaj~f~, ^* rqofcfj`~q~, ^* mnefjm{q~, ^* nfjjmh`jaj~f~, ^* drmkfma, ^* mloq~, ^* crf~aq~, ^* eftaj~, ^* hm{aj~f~, ^* jftaj~, ^* ylm{aj~f~ ^{ray{`~y`rmjcfqh mloqh, ^* `qlcmra [earh`y`lv~y`rm~yy* [earhq~~yy* Umj{e`h`jm~~yy* Wvh`j`jm~h`oflf~ Wvh`j`jm~h`oflf~
Yr`kqnnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m Al n`~{` ka yr`kqnnfþj ka lm ajwfhm a~ qj dmn{`r fhy`r{mj{a aj lm atmlqmnfþj ka ~q fk`jafkmk ymrm al q~` fjkq~{rfml* Fj{aj~mhaj{a ~a emj eane` a~dqarw`~ ymrm `y{fhfwmr l`~ ymríha{r`~ ka lm darhaj{mnfþj ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m n`j al dfj ka ka~mrr`llmr {anj`l`cèm an`jþhfnmhaj{a tfmola* Lm fjta~{fcmnfþj ~a naj{rm aj {ra~ m~yan{`~ yrfjnfymla~7 %F& lm hag`rm ka l`~ rajkfhfaj{`~ ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m, %FF& lm `y{fhfwmnfþj kal hakf` ka darhaj{mnfþj n`j a~yanfml radarajnfm m ?"
~q~{f{qnfþj ka ufl`~m y`r qj ~q~{f{q{` hí~ omrm{` v lm alfhfjmnfþj ka ra}qarfhfaj{` ka f`ja~ N` , v %FFF& lm fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka lm ajwfhm*
Hag`rm ka rajkfhfaj{` L`~ rajkfhfaj{`~ ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m ka tmrf`~ `rcmjf~h`~ yr`kqn{`ra~ ~`j y`{aj{a~ }qa tmj ka~ka =*999 m >1*999 Q /lf{r`* Jqatm~ hag`rm~ aj al rajkfhfaj{` v lm~ yr`yfakmka~ ka lm ajwfhm ~a l`crþ hag`rmjk` lm naym, q{flfwmjk` hæ{`k`~ n`jtajnf`jmla~ ka hq{mcæja~f~ ` {anj`l`cèm ka MKJ ran`hofjmj{a* Tmrfm~ naym~ ka fhy`r{mjnfm n`harnfml emj ~fk` ~`ha{fk`~ m hq{mcæja~f~ ymrm yr`kqnfr jftala~ alatmk`~ ka ajwfhm~ ` n`j~{f{q{ftm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm ajwfhm* Qj mqhaj{` kal 49! aj al jftal lm ajwfhm ~a `o{qt` hq{mcajfwmjk` sakh`raj~f~ ^{ray{`hvna~ ^{ray{`hvna~ n`j
a{flajfhfjm
v
J(ha{fl(J(jf{r`(J(jf{r`~`cqmjfkfjm*
Frrmkfmnfþj
ka
QT
^{ray{`hvna~`lft`ner`h`caja~ ra~ql{mk` aj qjm naym hq{mj{a n`j 39! ka mqhaj{` ka lm
mn{ftfkmk %^qabmja, =65?&*
Fjcajfarèm cajæ{fnm ymrm lm `o{ajnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m Lm {anj`l`cèm kal MKJ ran`hofjmj{a a~ qj hakf` aunalaj{a ymrm mf~lmr v hmjfyqlmr al caj ka qjm yr`{aèjm ka~amkm* Hí~ kal 19! ka lm~ ajwfhm~ fjkq~{rfmla~ ~`j yr`kqnfk`~ m ymr{fr ka hfnr``rcmjf~h`~ cajæ{fnmhaj{a h`kfdfnmk`~* Qjm ka lm~ d`rhm~ ymrm mqhaj{mr lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm~ fjkfnmnf`ja~ ca`crídfnm~ a~ fkaj{fdfnmr al caj ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m v nl`jmr aj qj tan{`r hql{fn`yfm }qa n`j{faja qj yr`h`{`r dqar{a n`h` lm lmn, {mn, ` YL* Al caj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m em ~fk` nl`jmk` m ymr{fr ka tmrf`~ hfnr``rcmjf~h`~ n`j l`~ yrfjnfymla~ `oga{ft`~ ka7 %F& lm ~`orayr`kqnnfþj ka lm ajwfhm y`r al adan{` ka k`~f~ cæjfnm, %FF& lm n`jtar~fþj kfran{m ka ufl`~m aj a{mj`l y`r latmkqrm~, v %FFF& lm fjcajfarèm ka lm yr`{aèjm ymrm ml{armr ~q~ yr`yfakmka~ ymrm ~m{f~dmnar ~q~ mylfnmnf`ja~ of`{anj`lþcfnm~* Lm nl`jmnfþj h`lanqlmr v auyra~fþj ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m emj llatmk` m nmo` aj mjdf{rf`ja~ e`hþl`c`~, ea{arþl`c`~ v aj latmkqrm~*
_acqlmnfþj cajæ{fnm ka lm of`~èj{a~f~ ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m K(ufl`~m, mqj}qa j` a~ qj mw÷nmr {mj n`h÷j n`h` lm clqn`~m, a~ qj n`hy`jaj{a fhy`r{mj{a ka lm eahfnalql`~m ka lm~ ylmj{m~* L`~ hfnr``rcmjf~h`~ }qa ~`oratftaj aj l`~ hm{arfmla~ taca{mla~ aj ka~n`hy`~fnfþj emj at`lqnf`jmk` lm~ tèm~ of`}qèhfnm~ nmymna~ ka m~fhflmr lm K(ufl`~m* Lm K(ufl`~m n`h` dqaj{a ka ajarcèm a~ q{flfwmkm y`r lm~ omn{arfm~ m {rmtæ~ ka qjm tèm ka ymr{fnfymnfþj ka {rmj~y`r{a m {rmtæ~ ka lm hahormjm nf{`ylm~hí{fnm a f~`harfwmnfþj m K(uflql`~m*
Lm yaj{ql`~m ra~fkq` a~ d`~d`rflmkm y`r uvlql`bfjm~m ymrm yr`kqnfr K(uflql`~m(1(d`~dm{`, }qa ~a ha{mo`lfwm m {rmtæ~ ka lm yaj{`~m d`~dm{` v lm~ tèm~ ka Ahokaj(Havare`dd*
A~yanfa~ ka ^{ray{`hvna~ Lm nl`jmnfþj aj e`hþl`c`~ ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m ka Mn{fj`ylmja~hf~~`qrfaj~f~aj ^{ray{`hvna~lftfkaj~ m {rmtæ~ kal ~f{f` ^~{= ka yFG39? n`j {ef`~{ray{`j v ra~f~{ajnfm a fjmn{ftmnfþj
fj~arnf`jml ka lm yfchaj{mnfþj ka lm halmjfjm n`h` hmrnmk`ra~ kmjk` lqcmr m qj mqhaj{` 19 tana~ ka lm mn{ftfkmk ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m ka ^{ray{`hvnalftfkaj~, }qa dqa ka ?*1 tana~ lm kal {fy` ~flta~{ra %Be`, =65;&* Lm ~qonl`jmnfþj kal drmchaj{` nl`jmk` yarhf{a lm l`nmlfwmnfþj kal caj ka lm Clqn`~m f~`harm~m aj qj drmchaj{` hí~ ya}qaý`*
@y{fhfwmnfþj kal hakf` ka darhaj{mnfþ darhaj{mnfþj j Lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m ~a yr`kqna cajarmlhaj{a y`r lm darhaj{mnfþj nalqlmr aj hakf` mnq`~`* mnq`~`* Lm `y{fhfwmnfþj `y{fhfwmnfþj kal kal hakf` ka darhaj{mnfþj darhaj{mnfþj em ~fk` mhylfmhaj{a mhylfmhaj{a a~{qkfmkm n`j hfrm~ ml ka~mrr`ll` an`jþhfn` ka qjm {anj`l`cèm ka darhaj{mnfþj tfmola ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm~ clqn`~mf~`harm~m~* clqn`~mf~`harm~m~* L`~ a~dqarw`~ ka fjta~{fcmnfþj a~{momj kfrfcfk`~ yrfjnfymlhaj{a m %=& lm ~q~{f{qnfþj ka ufl`~m y`r `{r` fjkqn{`r ka omg` n`~{`, %?& atmlqmnfþj kal adan{` ka lm~ dqaj{a~ hí~ omrm{m~ ka jf{rþcaj` aj al rajkfhfaj{` ka lm ajwfhm, %>&`y{fhfwmnfþj kal yE v lm {ahyarm{qrm híufhm ymrm lm ajwfhm v %;& lm ~q~{f{qnfþj ka f`ja~ N`?"kftmlaj{a~ y`r `{r`~ f`ja~ ha{ílfn`~ aj al hakf` ka darhaj{mnfþj* J` emv aj n`jnra{` qjm n`hy`~fnfþj kal hakf` ymrm lm hag`r yr`kqnnfþj ka lm ajwfhm ka hfnr``rcmjf~h`~ kfdaraj{a~* Nmkm `rcmjf~h` ` lm naym ra}qfaraj ~q~ n`jkfnf`ja~ a~yanfmla~ yr`yfm~ ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj híufhm ka lm ajwfhm*
Fjkqn{`r Lm hmv`rèm ka l`~ `rcmjf~h`~ yr`kqn{`ra~ ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m {fajaj qj ra}qf~f{` `olfcmk` ymrm fjkqnfr lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm ajwfhm, lm K(ufl`~m, ^fj ahomrc`, lm ufl`~m a~ nmrm v y`r l` {mj{` y`n` yrín{fn` ymrm al q~` m a~nmlm n`harnfml* Mlhfkþj, clqn`~m, ~`rof{`l ` clfnar`l yqaka ~ar q{flfwmk` aj lqcmr kal 31! ka ufl`~m* [mbm~mbf v [mjmoa h`~{rmr`j }qa lm naym ka ^{ray{`hvna~ V[( 1 dqa nmymw ka nranar aj uflmj` ` hm{arfml }qa n`j{faja uflmj`, n`h` hmw`rnm~ ka hmèw ` ka ~mltmk` ka {rfc`* A~{a dqa al yrfhar ef{` aj lm ~alannfþj ka naym~ }qa yqakmj nranar aj qj hakf` hí~ omrm{`* @{r` ajd`}qa ymrm alfhfjmr al ra}qf~f{` ka ufl`~m n`h` fjkqn{`r a~ lm cajarmnfþj ka hq{mj{a~ }qa yqakaj yr`kqnfr clqn`~m f~`harm~m n`j~{f{q{ftmhaj{a* @{r` ajd`}qa ymrm l`crmr lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm ajwfhm n`j~{f{q{ftm ralmnf`jmkm n`j lm nl`jmnfþj kal caj uflmjm~m~ draj{a m qj yr`h`{`r^{ray{`hvna~ * Al caj Y=(uflmjm~m~ ~a em fj{acrmk` aj al nr`h`~`hm q{flfwmjk` al tan{`r ka fj{acrmnfþj y[^11* Lm {aj~fþj ra~ql{mj{a %NO^=& kf` ~fa{a tana~ hmv`r ~`ora lm mn{ftfkmk aj lm mq~ajnfm ka ufl`~m aj n`hymrmnfþj n`j lm naym ka {fy` ~mltmga ylajmhaj{a fjkqnfkm y`r ufl`~m*
Dqaj{a ka jf{rþcaj`* Lm dqaj{a ka jf{rþcaj` a~ qj dmn{`r nrè{fn` }qa kaoa ~ar `y{fhfwmk` ymrm nmkm dqaj{a ka ajwfhm* Mqj}qa al jf{rþcaj` ka dqaj{a~ n`hylagm~ ~a q{flfwmj cajarmlhaj{a ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m, lm aufcajnfm ka qj ~qylahaj{` ka jf{rþcaj` a~yanèdfnm kfdfara ka qj
`rcmjf~h` m `{r`* Yay{`jm, au{rmn{` ka latmkqrm, ` ~mla~ ka mh`jf` yqaka ~ar q{flfwmk`* Lm emrfjm ka ~`gm km qj rajkfhfaj{` kal 19! hí~ }qa dqar{a lfn`r ka hmèw* Lm mkfnfþj ka nfar{`~ mhfj`ínfk`~ hag`rm al rajkfhfaj{` ka lm ajwfhm aj ^{ray{`hvna~*
yE v {ahyarm{qrm þy{fh`~* Lm jm{qrmlawm ka lm dqaj{a ka jf{rþcaj` mdan{m al yE v aj n`j~anqajnfm al rajkfhfaj{` ka lm ajwfhm* Lm hmv`rèm ka yr`kqn{`ra~ clqn`~m f~`harm~m hakfmj{a darhaj{mnf`ja~ ~a llatmj m nmo` aj{ra al yE 3,9 v 5,9 ~fj n`j{r`l ka yE* ^{ray{`hvna~ ~a fjnqomj ka 19 m 49¹N* Al yarè`k` ka darhaj{mnfþj tmrèm ka 4 m ;5 e, kayajkfajk` kal {fy` ka nql{ft` q{flfwmk` ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m*
_a}qf~f{` ka f`ja~ ha{ml Nm{f`ja~ kftmlaj{a~ ~a ra}qfaraj aj al hakf` ka darhaj{mnfþj ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj þy{fhm ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m* ^fj ahomrc`, al ra}qf~f{` ka }qa l`~ f`ja~ kal ha{ml a~yanèdfn` kayajka ka lm dqaj{a ka lm ajwfhm* N`?" a~ a~ajnfml ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m y`r naym~ ka ^{ray{`hvna~* Aj cajarml, ~mla~ ka n`oml{` ~a q{flfwmj aj al hakf` ymrm lm~ a~yanfa~ ka ^{ray{`hvna~* A~ fhy`r{mj{a rakqnfr lm mkfnfþj ka N`
?"
ml hakf` kaofk` m l`~ rfa~c`~ ka ~mlqk
ralmnf`jmk`~ n`j al n`j~qh` eqhmj` ka GHMD }qa n`j{faja N`
?"
v al yr`olahm ka lm
n`j{mhfjmnfþj kal hakf` mhofaj{a ralmnf`jmk`~ n`j lm kf~y`~fnfþj ka l`~ hakf`~ ka nql{ft` ahylamk`~*
Fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m Qjm ka lm~ hmjarm~ ka rakqnfr al n`~{` ka yr`kqnnfþj ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m a~ ymrm ranqyarmr ka hmjarm adfnfaj{a v lm raq{flfwmnfþj tmrfm~ tana~* Lm fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m `drana qjm aunalaj{a `y`r{qjfkmk ymrm ~q raq{flfwmnfþj adan{ftm* Auf~{a qjm crmj nmj{fkmk ka lf{arm{qrm ~`ora lm fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m* Al hmv`r harnmk` ymrm clqn`~m f~`harm~m a~ y`r ~q d`rhm fjh`tflfwmkm* Al q~` ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m a~ nmr` y`r}qa a~ qjm ajwfhm fj{rmnalqlmr v ~a jana~f{mj crmjka~ nmj{fkmka~ ymrm n`hyaj~mr lm ml{qrm kal Bh ml{m ka lm clqn`~m* Y`r l` {mj{`, a~ fhy`r{mj{a ymrm fjh`tflfwmr m lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m ymrm ~q~ mylfnmnf`ja~ fjkq~{rfmla~* Auf~{aj tmrf`~ hæ{`k`~ ka fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m* ^fj ahomrc`, ~þl` qj`~ y`n`~ ~`j an`jþhfn`~ v al rajkfhfaj{` ka l`~ yraymrmk`~ ka ajwfhm~ n`j yr`yfakmka~ }qa ~`j mkanqmkm~ ymrm lm yr`kqnnfþj n`harnfml ka GHMD* K`~ hæ{`k`~ yrfjnfymla~ ~a q{flfwmj ymrm lm fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka clqn`~m f~`harm~m7 fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka ajwfhm~ ~fj fjh`tflfwmnfþj ka lm~ nælqlm~ v lm fjh`tflfwmnfþj {`{ml lm~ nælqlm~* Al q~` n`harnfml ka lm clqn`~m f~`harm~m n`j~f~{a aj lm d`rhm ka lm ajwfhm fjh`tflfwmkm, }qa a~ omrm{` v adfnmw v j` ra}qfara lm yqrfdfnmnfþj v n`jnaj{rmnfþj ka lm ajwfhm*
