STUDI KASUS KERACUNAN DEBU TITANIUM TIT ANIUM DIOKSIDA PADA PADA KAR KARY YAWAN PABRIK M&M’S AUSTRALIA
PENGANTAR TOKSIKOLOGI Toksikologi
mer!"k"# ilm $"#g mem!el"%"ri !e#g"r' mergik"# s"( )"(*+"'"# kimi" !"," org"#isme 'i,! "(" ilm (e#("#g r"-#. Toksikologi i#,s(ri mem+"'"s (e#("#g +er+"g"i +"'"# +er"-# $"#g ,ig#"k"# ,iol"' "(" ,i'"silk"# ole' i#,s(ri. B"'"# (oksik "(" r"-# ","l"' +"'"# kimi" $"#g ,"l"m %ml"' rel"(i/ se,iki(0 +er+"'"$" +"gi kese'"("# "(" %i1" m"#si". Se,"#g (oksisi("s "(" ,er"%"( r"-# mer!"k"# kem"m!"# s"( +"'"#
KASUS Pe(er 2i-k0 seor"#g k"r$"1"# $"#g +eker%" ,i !"+rik M&M’s0 B"ll"r"(0 As(r"li" (erke#" g"#gg"# !er#"!"s"# $"#g s"#g"( !"r"' "ki+"( ker"-#"# "(" (er!"!"r ,e+ (i("#im ,ioksi,". Ti("#im ,ioksi," se#,iri ,ig#"k"# ole' !"+rik (erse+( #(k me#-er"'k"# 1"r#" m"k"#"# $"#g merek" !ro,ksi. De+ ,"ri (i("#im ,ioksi," $"#g ,i("m+"'k"# ke l"!is"# "k'ir M & M’s i#i me#$e+"+k"# kel'"# !er#"/"s"# $"#g s"#g"( !"r"' !"," kor+"#.
LAN4UTAN Me#r( !e#g"-"r" kor+"#0 "ki+"( i#si,e# i#i kor+"# (i,"k "k"# !er#"' ,"!"( +eker%" l"gi. Seor"#g %r +i-"r" !ers"'""# me#g"("k"# (i("#im ,ioksi," ","l"' s"l"' s"( ,"ri +e+er"!" 1"r#" $"#g ,ig#"k"# ,"l"m !ro,k5!ro,k#$" ,"# s,"' ,ise(%i !e#gg#""##$" ole' S("#,"r M"k"#"# As(r"li"5Sel"#,i" B"r. N"m# !ers"'""# e#gg"# +erkome#("r so"l k"ss Pe(er 2i-k. “The company sent me to independent respiratory specialists and they all agreed the high dust levels of titanium dioxide (in the M&M’s nishing section) caused my lung disease,” +egi( !er#$"(""# ,"ri Pe(er 2i-k.
DESKRIPSI Toksik"# ,"l"m !eris(i1" i#i ","l"' Ti("#im Dioksi," ,e#g"# #"m" l"i# Ti("#i". Rms Kimi" ,"ri Ti("#im Dioksi," ","l"' TiO6. Ti("#im ,ioksi," ","l"' se+"' )"( +er1"r#" !(i' $"#g +"#$"k ,ig#"k"# ,"l"m -"( ,"# !l"s(ik0 se+"g"i +"'"# ",i(i/ ,"l"m m"k"#"# #(k me#-er"'k"# (e!#g0 !ro,k se'"ri5'"ri ,"# ,"l"m +i,"#g ko#/eksi. 7"( i#i (er,"!"( +"#$"k ,i "l"m se!er(i ,i ,"r" !erko(""#0 s#g"i0 "ir mi#m ,"# ,"!"( ,i,e(eksi ,"l"m +"#$"k m"k"#"#.
DISPOSISI Seki("r 8 !erse# ,"ri ,osis or"l Ti("#im $"#g ,iser"!. Ke+"#$"k"# $"#g ,iser"! "k"# ,i5 eksresik"# ke,"l"m ri#e. Ko#se#(r"si ,"l"m ri# $"#g #orm"l ","l"' 9: mikro gr"m*li(er. Perkir""# +e+"# (+' (er'","! (i("#im ","l"' 9; mg. 7"( i#i ke+"#$"k"# (i#gg"l ,i !"r5!"r0 se+"g"i "ki+"( ,"ri !"%"#"# i#'"l"si. Ti("#im $"#g ,i'ir! -e#,er#g #(k (i#gg"l ,"l"m !"r5!"r ,"l"m 1"k( $"#g l"m".
TOKSIKOLOGI Peker%" $"#g (erke#" !"%"# Ti("#im ,ioksi," kem#gki#"# +es"r +eker%" ,i +i,"#g pac !ing0 !e#ggili#g"#0 site cleaning ,"# maintenance. P"%"#"# !eker%" (er'","! Ti("#im ,"!"( s"%" s"#g"( +er"(0 ,"# ko#se#(r"si ,i ,"l"m ,"r" 'i#gg" ;: mg*m8!er#"' ,il"!ork"#. Ti("#im ,ioksi," (el"' ,igolo#gk"# se+"g"i !"r(ikl"( $"#g me#g"#gg ,e#g"# TL se+es"r 9: mg*m 8 ,"# e+rosis ri#g"# ,"ri %"ri#g"# !"r5!"r se+"g"i "ki+"( !"%"#"# i#'"l"si (er'","! !igme# Ti("#im Dioksi,". Sel"i# ,i !"r5!"r0 (i("#im ,ioksi,e %g" (el"' ,ike("'i m"sk mel"li sem" r(e ? !er#"!"s"#0
LAN4UTAN Tem!"(
,"# W"k( Ke%",i"# i#i (er%",i ,i ,i !"+rik M & M’s0 B"ll"r"(0 As(r"li" !"," 8 Mei 6::. 4ml"' Kor+"# Pe(er 2i-k0 seor"#g k"r$"1"# !"+rik M&M’s ","l"' kor+"# (#gg"l ,"l"m i#si,e# i#i. Ti,"k "," kor+"# me#i#gg"l !"," i#si,e# i#i. N"m#0 "ki+"( i#si,e# i#i0 Pe(er 2i-k me#,eri(" s"ki( !"r5!"r ?lung disease@ ,"# ,io#is (i,"k ,"!"( +eker%" kem+"li. Me#r( CCO=S ?C"#",i"# Ce#(re /or O--!"(io#"l =e"l(' "#, S"/e($@0 (i("#im ,ioksi," ,"!"( memi- (er%",i#$" k"#ker !"r5!"r !"," m"#si" se(el"' se+elm#$" (er+k(i ,i%i-o+"k"#
KERUGIAN Kergi"#
+er!" !eker%" $"#g (er!"%"# ,"# (erke#" lung disease se'i#gg" ,io#is (i,"k ,"!"( +eker%" kem+"li. e/ek kese'"("# $"#g ,i"l"mi kor+"# (ergolo#g ke!"," e/ek kro#is k"re#" Pe(er 2i-k (el"' +eker%" ,i !"+rik (erse+( sel"m" 6: ("'#. Kergi"# (erse+( ,"!"( !l" (ergolo#g ke!"," kergi"# >#"#si"l !ers"'""#. ="l i#i sel"i# k"re#" !ers"'""# '"rs me#-"ri !eker%" !e#gg"#(i0 !ers"'""# %g" '"rs mem+"$"r +i"$" "sr"#si kor+"# !"!"r"#
LAN4UTAN Sel"i#
i(0 image!ers"'""# se+"g"i !ro,se# m"k"#"# M&M’s ,"!"( %"(' se'i#gg" "k"# mem!e#g"r'i "#gk" !e#%"l"# !ro,k "ki+"( k"ss !eker%" $"#g (er!"!"r !e1"r#" $"#g ,i!"k"i !"," m"k"#"# $"#g ,i!ro,ksi ole' M&M’s. Meski!# se+e#"r#$" (i("#im ,ioksi," +er+"'"$" '"#$" ke(ik" m"si' +er1%, "! ,"# (i,"k +er+"'"$" ke(ik" s,"' m"sk ke ,"l"m l"!is"# m"k"#"# $"#g ,i!ro,ksi M&M’s.
PENGENDALIAN Ti,"k ,ise+(k"# !e#ge#,"li"# $"#g (el"' ,il"kk"# !ers"'""# #(k me#g"#(isi!"si +"'"$" ,e+ (i("#im ,ioksi," ,"l"m "r(ikel (erse+(. 4ik" ,ili'"( ,"ri kro#ologis ke%",i"##$"0 ,ike("'i +"'1" !eker%" ,"!"( ,e#g"# m,"' (erke#" !"!"r"# ,e+ (i("#im ,ioksi," (erse+(.
SARAN Rek"$"s"
(ek'#is (er'","! li#gk#g"# ker%" "g"r ,"r" $"#g me#g"#,#g TiO 6 ,"!"( (ersirkl"si ,e#g"# +"ik. Me#gr"#gi ,osis $"#g +er+"'"$" +"gi kese'"("# me#%",i ke (i#gk"( $"#g le+i' "m"# #(k kese'"("#. Tr"i#i#g si#gk"( me#ge#"i !em"k"i"# APD #(k me#-eg"' '")"r, +er!" Ti("#im Dioksi," (er("m" APD $"#g +er!" m"sker k"re#" ke+"#$"k"# !"%"#"# )"( i#i m"sk mel"li i#'"l"si.
DESKRIPSI
