KOLEGJI FAMA
Programi:Psikologji Drejtimi:Psikologji e pergjithshme Lenda:Psikologji Zhvillimore
PUNIM SEMINARIK Tema:Vezhgimi i nje femije ne periudhen tre mujore
Studenti/ja: Studenti/ja: Besjana Sokoli
Mentori : Prof. Dr.Msa Msai
Pris!"ine# $%&'
Përmbajtja:
1. Hyrje ............................. ........................................... .............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .........................3 ...........3 2. Psikologjia zhvillimore ............................. ............................................. .............................. ............................. .........................4 ..........4 3. Qëllimi i hulumtimit ............................. ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ................5 5 3.1. Informatat mbi subjektin ........................ .................................... ......................... ......................... .......................... .................5 ...5 3.2 Mostrat ........................ ..................................... ......................... ........................ .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................6 .........6 3.3 Rrjedha e hulumtimit...................... hulumtimit.................................. .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... .............6 .6
4. Zhvillimi fizik dhe motorik ......................................... ........................................................ ............................... ..................... ..... 4.1 Zhvillimi konjitiv.............. konjitiv.......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ...................8 .......8
5. Përfu!dimi dhe diskutimi....................... diskutimi....................................... ............................... ............................. ..........................." ............." #. $efere!%at ............................. ............................................ .............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................1& .1&
1.Hyrje
I(ea rre"! ke"ij !l)"i)i es!"e *ere ne ne *as!k+,ni) )e ,rofesorin -ja"+ li-j+ra"ae n+ L+n(en: Psikolo-jia e /!illi)i". Me 0ense Psikolo-jia e 1!illi)i" s"(ion n(r2s!i)e" 0+ n(o(!in na"2rs!+) n+ li(!je )e )os!+n# n+ "r,# n+ )+n2r+n e "+ )en(ari"# n+ e)o3ione# n+ sjellje# n+ )arr+(!+nie" (!e n+ role" e njeri" -ja"+ -ji"!+ !a,sir+s je"+sore# ja) )n(ar 0+ -ja"+ k+"ij !l)"i)i "+ arrije 0+lli)in e k+saj "e)e (!e *esoj 0e ja k) arri"r
3.Qellimi i hulumtimit 4elli)i i k+"ij !l)"i)i +s!"+ 0+ n+ *a1+ "+ e1!-i)ee (!e ras"+e konkre"e# "+ njof"o!e)i )e s!)+ rre"! n(2s!i)ee 0+ n(o(!in "ek fe)ije" ,rei lin(jes e -jere ne )os!en ak"ale# "+ anali1oj)+ n(r2s!i)e" 0+ n(o(!in -ja"+ s"a(ee "+ n(r2s!)e "+ 1!illi)i" sensoro)o"ore. 5+ anali1oj)+ karak"eris"ika" e 1!illi)in fi1ik# ko-ni"i (!e so3ial# n+ )+n2r+ 0+ "+ (i)+ "6i lersoj)+ (!e "+ kon"ri*oj)+ n+ 1!illi)in e )irefill" "+ f+)ij+e "+ k+saj )os!e.
3.1. Informatat Informatat mbi subjektin subjektin
Ini3iale" e e)ri" : Gjinia : Mos!a : S"a"si ekono)ik :
R.S Mas!kll 7 je3ar I lar"e
Djali 0e e ka) e1!-ar es!"e R.S es!"e 7 je" es!"e (jale I 8 i fa)iljes ka 9 )o"ra (!e & ella "je"er# ,o as!" e(!e ,rin(eri"# ai ka nje -ja"esi ,rei &.$73) (!e $' kilo-ra) ka floke "e *ar(!a e s2 "e kal"er". R.S es!"e ne klasen e (2"e# (jali es!"e ,erson s!) I 1-jar (!e I )eson -jera" s!,ej"# ne klasen e "ij es!"e njeri ,rej )e "e (allare R.S es!"e fe)ije 0e I (allon s!oke" e "ij# lan )e "e -ji"! kr *e!e" n(onje ak"ii"e" n-a ana e )esses# ,or nk rrin )e "e -ji"!# -jen ars2e"i)e" "e llojllojs!)e 0e )os "e rri )e "e -ji"!e. M*ase 0e es!"e fe)ija )e I o-el ne fa)ilje# ,lo"esi)i I (es!irae nk )n-on asnje!er n-a ana e ,rin(ere a,o "e an"aree "e "jere# rrine )e "e -ji"! an"are" e fa)iljes# n(os!"a 0e es!"e fe)ija )e I o-el ne fa)ilje n(o(! n(onje !er "e ,er(ore s!,re!je "e ,rin(ere "e "2re a,o ,ersonae 0e jane )e "e )e(!ej I ,el0en -j!a an-le1e (!e s,or"e" si ,.s! f"*olli# no"i# es!"e si),a"i1es I eki,i" "e n(r2s!)ee
3.2.'ostrat
Une ka) en(osr 0e "e e1!-oj R.S ,er ars2e se a"e e njo! )e )ir ,ersonalis!" (!e ,a"je"er e ka) )e le!"e# 0e "e e1!-oj a"e R.S -j(o !er kr *ise(ojs!a )e "e arri"ke "i k,"on"e -jera"# (!e es!"e fe)ije s!) I 1-jar (!e I k,"on -jera" lo-jikis!"
3.3.$rjedha e hulumtimit
Gja"e kesaj ko!e "re )jore ka) ,asr (isa es!"ersi se,se nk is!a s!)e e si-r" ne 0of"se is!a (ke e *ere ,ni)in )ire# konsl"oa )e kole-e ,o as!" e(!e )e ,rofesorin rre"! ,ni)i" se,se kis!a (isa )an-esi# ne nk e ka) ,asr s!) "e es!"ir 0e "e )*aj ke"e "e fs!e!r se ne -ja"e "ere ko!es ka) )*aj"r s!eni)e ,o as!" e(!e nena e fe)ijes )e ka n(i!)ar. D!e R.S se ka k,"ar se ne ja) (ke e e1!-ar a"e e(!e ,se ka ,asr ras" kr )ka ,2"r R.S ,se ,o rrin )e ) s!) kr ski nej" )a ,er,ara
4.Zhvillimi fizik dhe motorik
Fos!njeria ,erfs!in ,eri(!en ,rei (isa jae ,aslin(jes e -jere $je". N(r2s!i)i i f+)ij+s n+ ,ik+,a)jen fi1ike (!e ka,a3i"e"e" )o"orike +s!"+ )jaf" i (ks!+) (!e n(o(! si,as nj+ rre-llsie.
$regullsia e zhvillimit fizik dhe lëvizor !djek dy modele (azë : )o(eli 3efalo3a(al n-a
koka "e k+)*+"; (!e )o(eli ,roksi)o(is"al n-a 0en(ra e "r,i" (rej" eks"re)i"e"ee ;. N+ )o(elin 3efalo3a(al 1!illi)i n(o(! s+ ,ari (!e s!)+ )+ s!,ej" "e koka sesa n+ ,jes+" e ,os!")e "+ "r,i"# n(+rko!+ n(+rko!+ n+ )o(elin ,roksi)o(is"al rri"ja n(o(! )+ !er+" (!e )+ s!,ej" n+ 0en(+r "+ "r,i" sesa n+ eks"re)i"e"e.
'odeli Proksimodist a Fe)ij 1!illo!e" )e !ere" (!e )e s!,ej"e ne 0en(er "e "r,i"# sesa
ne eks"re)i"e"e"< K2 )o(el a1!(on -ja"e 1!illi)i" ,or es!"e )e i (ks!e) -ja"e fos!njerise< Fe)ij )eson n-a rea-i)e" e ,er-ji"!s!)e )e ,ak s,e3ifike (rej" rea-i)ee )e "e kon"rollara s,e3ifike.
)dikimi (iologjik dhe mjedisor
Rri"ja fi1ike (!e )o"orike (!e!e0en kr2esis!" n-a fak"ore" *ilo-jik# )ire,o )je(isi k n(o(!e" fe)ija# ka efek" )*i rri"jen. Studjuesit kane vene ne dukje se femijet ne nje mjedis jo stimulues fizik e emoional! " zhvillojne shprehite motorike dhe permasat fizike me nje rritem me te ngadalte! sesa femijet ne nje mjedis me stimulues#
)dryshimet fizike gjate 4 dhe 5 muajve femija dyfisho! *eshe! e tij te li!djes+
Dje)e" jane )e "e ren(e (!e )e "e -ja"e ,er n-a ,es!a sesa fe)ra" Ne lin(je aj1a" jane = jae )e ,er,ara se (je)e" ne li(!je )e 1!illi)in e skele"i" $jatesija e femive fillon te ndr%shoj tek ne moshen & vjeare#
Zhvillimi i Permasave te ,rurit
Pes!a e "rri" ne lin(je: $8 > e ,es!es se "rri" "e rri"r< Pes!a e "rri" ne 9?= )aj: =% > e ,es!es se "rri" "e rri"r< Pes!a e "rri" ne ' )aj< 8% > e ,es!es se "rri" "e rri"r< Pes!a e "rri" ne $ je3< 78 > e ,es!es se "rri" "e rri"r< Fnksioni)i i 5rri"
)euro!et: rri"en ne ,er)asa (!e (ensi"e" (!e 1!illojne nje s!"rese )*roj"ese "e 0aj"r
)ielin e 3ila lejon "rans)e"i)in )e "e s!,ej"e "e )esa1!ee nerore# -je 0e e n(i!)on fe)ijen "e kon"rolloje sjelljen e "ij<
-orteksi ere(ral/ ,jesa 0e es!"e ,er-je-jese ,er kon"rollin e llne"s!e) (!e "e )en(ari"<
K2 kor"keks fillon "e fnksionoj ne )ajin e ,are# Ne )os!en "re )jores!e 1!illo!e" ,lo"esis!" 1ona sensore e kor"eksi" 0e (o "e "!o"e se fe)ija es!"e ne -jen(je "e kon"rolloj (!e kor(inoj rea-i)e" )o"orike (!e ,a)ore. Mos s!0i)i i )jfa"es!e) i fe)ije" n(ikon ne-a"iis!" ne 1!illi)in e "ij i)e(ia" (!e afa"-ja"e . Zhvillimi 'otorik li(!e )e af"esia ,er "e ka,r (!e )*aj"r nje o*jek"# af"esia ,er "e lei1r
n-a nje en( ne nje "je"er< /!illi)i I !ers!+) )o"orik konsis"o!e" )e 1+en(+si)in e refleksee (!e e,ri)a"arie "+ llne"s!)e . Mos!a )esa"are kr arri!en k+"o s!,re!i 0!en !orma të zhvillimit . N-a )os!a 5+ !e3ri" 1arr+ n(o(! 1akonis!" &% )ajs!e (!e e3ja n+ k+)*+ n(o(!+ n+ )os!+n & je0are . /!illi)i I s!,re!ie )o"orike )en(o!e" se +s!"+ I li(!r n-s!" (!e ks!"+1o!e" n-a fak"or+" e )a"ri)i" (!e fak"or+" *iolo-jik
4.3.Zhvillimi konjitiv
/!illi)i konji"i ka "+ *+j+ )e seri n(r2s!i)es! 0+ n(o(!in n+ ak"ii"e"in )en(or < "+ )en(ari" # kj"esen # +)en(jen (!e -j!+n . Me njo!je I refero!e)i "+ -ji"!a ,ro3esee )en(ore "+ "en(i" "+ lar"+ # )e an+ "+ s+ 3ilae njer1i" ,+r,i0en "+ k,"ojn+ (!e "+ ,+rs!"a"en n+ *o"+n e "2re . Kj"esa e fe)ijes: Fe)ije" jane 1o"es ak"i "e infor)a3ioni": selek"ojne# ,er3e,"ojne e kj"ojne 0in(ra ,jese infor)a3ioni n-a je"a e "2re.
Zhvillimi kog!itiv si*as *iazhese
Pia1!e *eson"e se 1!illi)i ko-ni"i +s!"+ ,+rs!"a"je n(aj )je(isi" . Morris @ Mais"o # $%% # f0 &' ;. Pia1!e +1!-on"e (!e s"(ion"e f+)ij+" # ai +1!-oi kr lanin )e lo(ra # 1-je(!nin ,ro*le) (!e kr2enin (er2ra" e ,+r(i"s!)e .
0ea! Piaget egiztoj!ë katër *eriudhat e zhvillimit kog!itiv të !jeriut :
aza e!soro'otorike:1!illo!e" n-a lin(ja (eri n+ )os!+n $ je3are# (!e f+)ij+" e k+saj
)os!e 1!illojn+ ,ro3esin e "+ )en(ari" ,+r)es "r,i" "+ "2re: (ke l+i1r (ar" e "2re (!e -j2)"2r+" e "jera. F+)ij+" e k+saj )os!e *+jn+ e,ri)e "+ "illa n+ )+n2r+ *efasese# (!e (+s!irojn+ "i ,+rserisin "+ njej"a" e,ri)e. N+ k+"+ )+n2r+ f+)ij+" k+rkojn+ ske)a sensoro? )o"orike a,o !ar"a ko-ni"ie (!e )n(o!en "+ k,"ojn+ se si *o"a fnksionon<
aza Parao*era%io!ale : 1!illo!e" n-a )os!a $ (eri n+ )os!+n 7 je3are? n+ k+"+ ,eri(!+
f+)ij+" fillojn+ "+ krijojn+ i)a-jina"+n e *ren(s!)e (!e ar"iklojn+ "in-j e for)a ko)nikese "+ 3ila" ,re1an"ojn+ "+ )en(ari" e "2re< Kjo fa1e si,as "eoris+ s+ Pia-e" +s!"+ fa1a "ran1is"ese kr f+)ij+" ,+r(orin k+"+ lloj s"ra"e-jis! ko-ni"ie 0+ "+ k,"ojn+ *o"+n. K+"o s"ra"e-ji nk jan+ lo-jike n+ sensin )a(!or# )ir+,o jan+ for)a i)a-jinese.
aza -o!krete *era%io!ale: 1!illo!e" n-a )os!a 7 (eri ne )os!+n && je3are? n+ k+"+
,eri(!+ f+)ij+" fillojn+ "+ )en(ojn+ ,+r *o"+n n+ )+n2r+n )+ "+ ,+raf+r" )e )os!+n )a(!ore (!e n+ for)+ )+ ra3ionale (!e konkre"e. A"a 1!illojn+ af"+sin+ "+ klasifikojn+#
ka"e-ori1ojn+ -j+ra". Nj+ f+)ij+ )n( "+ 1!ilo!e" (rej"+ n+ k+"+ ,eri(!e# (!e )n( "+ kons"a"oj)+ se +s!"+ 1!illar (rej"+# n+ 3of"+s+ ka af"+si "+ leoj (!e 1-je(!e (e"2ra )a"e)a"ikore# inolo!e" n+ loj+ra )e *as!k+)os!a"ar+" (!e 1!illojn+ lera so3iale.
aza ormale ormale *era%io!al *era%io!ale e : Mos!a && je3are (eri n+ )os!+n e a(oles!en3+s. Kjo fa1+
arri!e" n+ )os!+n e a(oles!en3+s s+ !ers!)e# (!e "+ rinj+" e k+saj )os!+ fillojn+: "+ )en(ojn+ ,+r )en(i)e"C. 4+ (o "+ "!o"+ se a"a nk kan+ neoj+ )+ ,+r )a"eriale konkre"e 0+ " s"i)lo!e" "+ )en(ari"? a"a )n( "+ o,erojn+ n+ -j+ra )+ "+ ko),likara. 5+ 1!illojn+ ,eri(!a kr "+ rinj+" fillojn+ "+ krijon+ i(en"i"e"in so3ial# in"eresi)e" e "2re ,+r -j!+# s!o0+ri# ,ro-ra)e# ,oli"ike# a,o "+ "jera.
5.!rfundimi dhe diskutimi Pas e1!-i)i" "e ke"ij s*jek"i ka) arri"r ne ,erfn(i)in se ,as! (isa n(r2s!i)e 0e n(o(!in ne ke"e )os!e (!e fa1a 0e e karak"eri1on a"e.N+ k+"+ ,ni) ,+rs!kra ,eri(!a ne "e 3ilen kalon nje fe)i i )os!es je3. F+)ija 1!illo!e" si "+r+si# ,ra n+ "+ -ji"!a fs!a" 1!illi)ore.Ka) folr e(!e ,+r karak"eris"ika" e ,eri(!es "re )jore "+ f+)ij+s 0+ ka) +1!-ar si n+ sjellje# n+ "+ )en(ari" e"j. N-a kjo ,eri(!+ arri"a "+ erej+ k"o n(r2s!i)e "ek R.S k -ja"+sia e "ij n+ )ajin e ,ar+ ka 0en+ &.$= 3)#n(+rsa "ani +s!"+ &.$7 3) ka ,asr n(r2s!i)e e(!e n+ ,es!+: ne filli) "e !l)"i)i" ka ,es!ar $$ k- !n(+rsa "ani es!"e $' k-.
#.$efere!%at/
&. Morris# !.G. @ Al*er"# A. Mais"o. $%%;. Psikologjia'shkena e
proeseve mendore dhe e sjelljes njer(zore. njer(zore. 5iran+: 4en(ra ,+r Arsi) De)okra"ik. Pe""ijo !n# 5. &';. &' ;. Psikologjia # 5iran+ < Lilo $. Pe""ijo!n# Karaj# 5!. $%%8 ;. Psikologjia e zhvillimit t( f(mij(s . f(mij(s . 5iran+ < Pro-res 9. Li-jera"a Li-jera"a n-a n-a Do3.Dr Do3.Dr.M .Msa sa Msai
!"",:,sikolo!"",:,s ikolo-ji.ji) ji.ji)(o.3o)" (o.3o)"e)a?"> e)a?">9>AB?n(r 9>AB?n(r2s!)e 2s!)e ,o
