Pathophysiology Diagram of Congestive Heart Failure

Risk Factors:

•

Hypercholesterolemia Men (>45 years old) Women (>55 years old) Cigarette smoking Alcoholism Diabetes mellitus Obesity Physical inability

•

↑ sodium intake*

•

Hereditary*

• • • • • • •

Genetic predisposit

cell membrane

functional vasoconstri

\

Predisposing Factors: •

Hypertension*

↑ peripher

HPN (↑ BP) Vasoconstrictio n of blood

Vasoconstricti on of coronary

↑

↑

Increase pressure of 

workloa

↑ force of 

Injury of the endothelial vessel layer

LV

↑ stress on the left ventricular

Vessel ↑ cardiac

Monocytes, platelets,cholesterol and other blood

Left ventricular Hypertroph LV

Scarrin

Ventricular

↓ Brain

Atherosclerosis

perfusion: dizziness, light headedness, confusion, anxiety, restlessness . ↓Response to energy demands causing easily

CA

↓ cardiac tissue

↓ cardiac

↓ left ventricular

↑ residual blood of the LV at the time of 

↑ LV

muscle

{

Activation of  baroreceptors in the LV LV aortic aortic

↓ Cardiac

blood backflows

↓ Systemic

↑ residual

blood

Stimulation of  vasomotor regulatory

↓ Perfusion of 

↑ LA

tissues of the

Activation of  sympathetic nervous

↑ catecolami nes

blood of the LA during

↓GFR

Proteinu ria, ↑ urea (8.0), ↓

↓

blood returns to pulmonary

Accumulation of blood in the pulmonary

formation of  (Lung s) An iote ioten nsin

H

othala Sodium and Water

↓ urine ↓ urine

↑osmo tic

↑osmo tic

Pulmonary edema: dyspnea, cough, crackles, 2 pillow

Pulmonary edema: dyspnea, cough, crackles, 2 pillow

HR

↑ pulmonary vascular

↓O2 saturation

↑ RV RV contract ↑ force of  RV

↑ RV RV oxygen

RV

↓ force of  RV

↑ residual blood of the RV at the

↑ RV

blood backflows

Peripheral edema, liver congestion, ascites, weakness ,

↑ fluid moves into the

RA RA

↑ venous pressure  JVD

blood backflows from RA to