I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCA EDUCATIVA TIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N N I O D G E
INDICE
INDICE
...............................................
INTRODUCCION ...........................................
1 2
•CAPITULO I: DIASTROFISMO 1. MOVIMIENTOS
OROGENICOS
............................
4
1.1 PLEGAMIENTOS 1.2 FRACTURAS 2. MOVIMIENTOS
EPIROGENICOS ..........................
10
2.1 TEORIA DE LA DERIVA CONTINENTAL ..................
11
•CAPITULO II: VULCANISMO 3. CLASES ..............................................
14
INTRUSIVO , EXTRUSIVO
3.1 PARTES DE UN VOLCAN
...............................
15
•CAPITULO III: SISMOS O SEISMOS 4. CAUSAS DE LOS SISMOS
...............................
TECTONICA VOLCANICA HUNDIMIENTO EXPLOCIONES ATOMICAS
5. TERMINOLOGIA SISMICA ................................
1
HIPOCENTRO EPICENTRO MAGNITUD INTENSIDAD
!. CLASIFICACION DE LOS SISMOS .........................
17
20
SEG"N SU INTENSIDAD SEG"N SU SENTIDO SEG"N SU PROFUNDIDAD
7. ONDAS SISMICAS ......................................
21
#. $ONAS SISMICAS ......................................
23
CONCLUSIONES ...........................................
2!
%I%LIOGRAFIA ...........................................
27
Página 1
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCA EDUCATIVA TIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N N I O D G E
INTRODUCCION
L& G'()*+-*& '/ +& &-& )' & G'((&, ' 6&6& )' (/ &'+6'/ ( '8&/ ' *+6'9*'+'+ '+ (/ ('/(/ )*+-*(/ )' & T*' T*'& &. . S' )'* )'*+' +' (-( (-( ' (+; (+;+ +6( 6( )' &/ &/&/ &/ < ''6(/
'
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)'
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'
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Página 2
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I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
CAPITULO I: DIASTROFISMO
Página 3
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
DIASTROFISMO:
E/ (**+&)& ( '8&/ ' &6J&+ )'/)' ' *+6'*( )' & T*'& B'8&/ '+)?'+&/ ( 6'6?+*&/. S' *+**& '+ & &/6'+(/'& B'*?+ /'*( )' -&+6( < /' )'/&8& '+ (+6& & &9')&). E/6& '()*+-*& '/6 '&*(+&)& (+ &
(-&*?+
(6&/, +'/6(
(
)'
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()*'&/,
( 6&+6(, '/ (+/66(& )'
&+'6&
'*(+*(/,
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)'
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'+6'
'*'9' )'
((+*(/
6'+'-(/
<
&+)'/
6&+/(-&*(+'/ )' & (6'8& 6''/6'.
1. MOVIMIENTOS OROGENICOS:
E/ + (+;+6( )' ('/(/ '(?*(/ ' /' ()'+ '+ (/ =()'/ )' &/ &&/ 6'6?+*&/ < ' )&+ & & & (-&*?+ )' + (?'+( ( &)'+& -(+6&(/&. L&/ -(+6&&/ /' ')'+ (-& ( '&-*'+6(/ ( ( &&/ '(?*&/. D'
&
(=/'9&*?+
)*'6&
/'
)')'
'
&+
'/6&)(
/(-'6*)&/ & '/*(+'/ &6'&'/ < )'/&8&-*'+6(/ ' &+ &6'&)( / )*/(/**?+ *+**& '+ '/6&6(/ (*8(+6&'/ /''/6(/.
Página 4
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
P( (6& &6', '/ '9*)'+6' ' & -&<( &6' )' &/ (&/ /')*-'+6&*&/ ' &6&-'+6' '+(+6&-(/ '+ &/ -(+6&&/, /' &+ (-&)( '+ ' /'+( )' -& (-( ( &6'/6*& & '/'+*& )' ?/*'/ )' &+*-&'/ -&*+&/ ' /' /''+ '+(+6& &/(*&)(/ & '&/. L(/ ('/(/ )' & '()*+-*& *+6'+& ' &+ (**+&)( 6&'/ '/66&/ '+ (/ -&*8(/ -(+6&(/(/ '*='+ ' +(-=' )' -(9*-*'+6(/ ((+*(/, '+ (+6&(/**?+ & (/ '*(+*(/, ' /?( (9(&+ )'/&8&-*'+6(/ '+ & 9'6*&. U+& )' &/ '/6*(+'/ ' /*'-' &+ '(&)( & (/ '?((/ & /*)( ' (*'+ )' &/ '/*(+'/ &)*&'/ < 6&+'+*&'/ (6'8&
'
&+
6''/6',
(9(&)( )&+)(
'/66&/ )' pliegues
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y fracturas '
(&/.
1.1
'
PLEGAMIENTOS
Página 5
&/
)'
&
(-*&)&/
/' (=/'9&+ '+ &/
A
&/
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
-(+6&&/
(+9''+*&
)'
(-&+
&&/
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'+
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anticlinal o de sinclinal :
+ &+6**+& '/ +
*'' <( +J'( '/6 (+/6*6*)( ( &/ &&/ -/ &+6*&/, < + /*+*+& '/ + *'' <( +J'( '/6 (+/6*6*)( ( &/ &&/ -/ '*'+6'/@ (+/*)'&+)( ' +J'( )' *'' ( ' &)( )' & (+&9*)&) )' -*/-(. L(/
*''/
/(+
&*)'+6'/
+)&-'+6&'/
)'
&/
()*'&/ )' -(+6&&/, &/6& ' +6( )' ' /' &=& (*'+6'-'+6'
)'
()*'&/
)'
'&-*'+6(.
P'(
('*/6'+ '+ ' '/&*( (+ (6(/ &*)'+6'/: &&/ ( + &)(, &=&&-*'+6(/ < -&+6(/ )' (*-*'+6( ( ' (6(. K
(-( 9''-(/, '+ '
6*'-( +( /'
')'
')* &
(-&*?+ )' &/ ()*'&/ )' -(+6&&/ & (/ '&-*'+6(/ J+*&-'+6': '+6' (6(/ &-'+6(/, ' '( )' ' /'& '/'+*&-'+6' & (='6'& /')*-'+6&*& & ' /' *'', (
-'/6&
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)'
-(+6&&/ '+ &/ ' /' '+'+6&+ *-(6&+6'/ -&/&/ )' 8?&(, ' '/ ' &/( -/ '+'&.
Página 6
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
P( (6& &6', '-(/ 9*/6( ' &/ &&/ ;'&+ ' &' '/'+*& '+ & +'/*/ )' '*'9' )' &/ ()*'&/ )' -(+6&&/. L& ''/*?+ )' ()*'& )' '&-*'+6( +( )'=' (+)*+(/ & '+&(.
1.2
1.2
FRACTURAS
R(6& )' & (6'8&, )'=*)( & & '&/6**)&) )' & -*/-& & /*)( 9'+*)&, '*/6*'+)(: &/ &&/ < )*&&/&/.
L&/ &&/, /(+ &6&/ )' & (6'8& ' '/'+6&+ )'/&8&-*'+6(/
=&/6&+6'
+(6(*(/
'
/'
()'+
&+)( (+'+6&*(+'/ )' '8&/ 6'6?+*&/ '')'+ & '/*/6'+*& )' &/ (&/.
L&/ -/ (-+'/ /(+ &/ '/&(+&)&/, '+ &/ ' /' &'*&+ )(/ &6'/: '
horst
B-&*8(/ 6'6?+*(/ ' )&+ (*'+ &
-'/'6&/ < -(+6&&/ < (/
graben
Página 7
( *6 9&'/ B8(+&/
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
+)*)&/ ' )&+ (*'+ & &+)'/ )''/*(+'/, 9&'/ ( &(/ 6'6?+*(/. C&+)( & &6*9*)&) '+ +& && '/ ''+6*+& < &=6&, /' ')' ()* + '6' 6''-(6( ' *+/( +& 6& )' &
/'**'
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(/
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(-&6*-*'+6(/
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)'6'-*+& '+ (/ 6''+(/ ' &'6&@ /' )*''+*& )': &/ )*&&/&/, ' /(+ 6&/ /*+ )'/&8&-*'+6( 9*/*='.
F&&, +& +'& )' &6& & ( &( )' & & +& /'*?+
)'
&
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6''/6'
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Página
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I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
1. MOVIMIENTOS EPIROGENICOS
A6J&
'+
'*(+'/
-<
&6&(-&/, '/)(/, '+6(/
)'
&/'+/(
<
&+)'/,
'6.
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)'/'+/(
)'
(+6*+'+6&'/. N( (9(&+ &+)'/
'+ &/
(+6*+'+6&'/: -(9*-*'+6(/ &+)'/
-<
-&/&/
&6&*/-(/. T&-=*+
')' ()* &+)'/ &=(-=&-*'+6(/. S* ' &=(-=&-*'+6( '/ Página !
&/'+)'+6'
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
/'
&-&
&+6'*/',
/*
'/
)'/'+)'+6'
(/
-(9*-*'+6(/
/*+'*/'. L&/
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(
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&/
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'
&&''+
'/'+*&-'+6',
&
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)'
+ '/( ' &6&=& /(=' & -&/& (+6*+'+6&, &+)( '/ &/'+)'+6',
(
/
&&**?+
&+)(
'/
)'/'+)'+6'.
P(
';'-(, +& ()*'& -(+6&(/& '/& -( < +)' &+ &6' )' (+6*+'+6'. L(/ *'(/ (+6*+'+6&'/ ';''+ +& &+
'/*?+
C&+)(
(/
/(=' *'(/
&/
(&/,
)'/&&''+
(9(&+)( '
/
(+6*+'+6'
)'/'+/(. 6*'+)'
&
&/'+)' ('/*9&-'+6'. L&/ (&/ ' (-&+ & (6'8& (+6*+'+6& < & (6'8& ('+*& /(+ -'+(/ )'+/&/ ' &/ ' (-&+ ' -&+6(. D' '/6& -&+'& & (6'8& (6& /(=' ' -&+6( (-( + *'=' /(=' ' (&+(. S* '/*(+&-(/ ' *'( '/6' /' +)', '( &+)( ( /(6&-(/ ''& / +'&
)'
(6&*?+.
E+
'/'+*&,
&/
+*(+&
&
'*(+'/*/.
2. TEORIA DE LA DERIVA CONTINENTAL
E '**=*( */(/66*( +( /' 6&)', *8, 6&+ /?( '+ -(9*-*'+6(/ 9'6*&'/. *8 (/ =('/ (+6*+'+6&'/ /' 6&/&)'+ 6&-=*+ &6'&-'+6' (-( =&/&. T& '/, ( ( -'+(/, & '=' 6'(& '-*6*)& '+ 112 ( ' /&=*( Página 1"
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
&'-+ ''+' < &-&)& )' &/ 6&/&*(+'/ (+6*+'+6&'/. A)-*6& ' (/ (+6*+'+6'/, ' (< '/6+ /'&&)(/, '+ & '& *-&*& '/6&=&+ +*)(/@ ' *+-'+/( < J+*( (+6*+'+6' *-*6*9( B U(+6*+'+6 )' /*& /' &=& &-'+6&)(, < (/ &-'+6(/ /' &=&+ )'/&8&)( &/6& (& / (/**?+.
Página 11
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
CAPITULO II: VULCANISMO
VULCANISMO
Página 12
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
E/ ' &(&-*'+6( )' -&-& &*& & /'**' 6''/6' )'=*)( & + &-'+6( )' & '/*?+ *+6'+& )' & T*'&. S ()' &+)( ' -&6'*& +)*)( )' *+6'*( )' & 6*'& /&' & & /'**' & 6&9/ )' *'6&/, */&/ < (***(/. P')' /' )' )(/ &/'/: I+6/*9( < '6/*9(.
L&/ '*(+'/ 9(+*&/ '-*6'+ '**=& & '/*?+ & *+6'*( )' +'/6( &+'6&. E 9(+ -' & +*?+ )' + 6=( )' *-'+'&, -')*&+6' ' ' /' '/& ' -&-&.
3. CLASES:
Página 13
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
INTRUSIVO: E -&-& +( (& /&* & & /'**'. E+6(+'/, /' /(*)**& '+ &/ &6'/ /'*('/ )' & *6(/'&. E/6' '+?-'+( /' )'+(-*+& *+6/*?+ +'&. E+6' &/ *+*&'/ *+6/*(+'/ ()'-(/ /'&&:
L&(*6(: *+6/*?+ +'& '+ (-& ) (+( ' (**+& + '9&+6&-*'+6( ( )(-( '+ & (6'8&.
%&6(*6(:
*+6/*?+
*'&
=*&)&
&
&+
(+)*)&).
M&+6( ( /*: *+6/*?+ (*8(+6&.
D*': *+6/*?+ 9'6*&
EXTRUSIVO: E -&-& '/&& & & /'**' & 6&9/ )' +
(+)6(
&-&)(
9(+.
E+
+
9(+
/'
*)'+6**&+ // &6'/.
3.1 PARTES DE UN VOLCAN
F(( (&: & )(+)' /' (+'+6& ' -&-&
*-'+'&: (+)6( ( )(+)' &/*'+)' ' -&-&
C6': (+)6( ( )(+)' &(& ' -&-& =*&)( '+ & *-& )' (+( 9(+*( Página 14
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
C(+( 9(+*(: (-& ' &)*''+ (/ -&6'*&'/ 9(+*(/ &')')( )' & *-'+'&
CAPITULO III: SISMOS Página 15
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
4. CAUSAS DE LOS SISMOS TECTÓNICA: S' '*''
&
'
(/
)'/&8&-*'+6(
)'
&/
(6'8&.L&/
8(+&/
-/
/*/-(/
/'
&&/ '6'+/&/
(**+&+
'
(
(+(-&+
)' -&<(
' &
&6*9*)&)
//-*& /(+ &'&/ )(+)' 6&-=*+ 6*'+'+ & (/ 6''-(6(/ -/ (+)(/ B200 & !00 -. D' &')( & (
'
/'
&&=&
)'
*+)*&
(/
/*/-(/
)'
-&<(
*+6'+/*)&) '/6+ =*&)(/ '+ &/ 8(+&/ -/ (+)&/ )(+)' /' ()'+ (/ ('/ '+6' &/ &&/. C&+)( &/ &&/ /' 9'+ /(-'6*)&/ & 6'+/*(+'/ -&<('/ & &/ ' ')'+ '/*/6*, '-*6'+ ' /6&/ /' &6'+ && )'/'+)' & '/*?+ &-&)& /'
Página 16
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
'6*'+)' '+ (+)&/ (++6*&/, '/ ' &/( )' & && )' S&+ A+)/ BC&*(+*&. L& &/& 6'6?+*& '/ & ' -/ '+'& /*/-(/, '/ &/ 8(+&/ //-*&/ (*+*)'+ (+ &/ 8(+&/ )' *-&6( ( (' )' &/ &&/.
VOLCÁNICA:
E/ -< (( ''+6', '( &+)( & '*?+ '/ 9*('+6& '+'& &+)'/ /&)*)&/ ' &'6&+ /(=' 6()( & (/ &'/ '&+(/, '( & '/& )' '( / &-( )' &*?+ '/ ')*)(, '+ (-&&*?+ (+ (/ )' (*'+ 6'6?+*(, ' &'6&+ &+)'/ '6'+/*(+'/. HUNDIMIENTO:
C&+)( & *+6'*( )' & (6'8&, /' & ()*)( & &*?+ '(/*9& )' &/ &&/ /=6'+'&/, 9& )';&+)( + 9&(, ' & 6'-*+& ( ')' &+6' ' '/( )' & &6' /'*(, '/ '/6& &)& ' '+'& 9*=&*(+'/, ' '+ '/6' &/( /'& ( ' (+('-(/ (-( /*/-(/. S ('+*& '/ (( ''+6' < )' (& '6'+/*?+. EXPLOSIONES ATÓMICAS:
L&/ ' /' '&*8&+ (-( '+/&<(/, &'' ' &)&+ '&*?+ (+ (/ -(9*-*'+6(/ //-*(/. E/ ' &/( )' &/ /'*/ '=&/ +'&'/ ' '&*8? F&+*& '+ 1! '+
'
&6(?+
)'
M(&,
'
'
&**&( )' T&-(6 BP(*+'/*&.
Página 17
/'
=*&
'+
'
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
5. TERMINOLOGIA SISMICA H*('+6( E/ ' (( '& )(+)' /' (**+&+ &/ (+)&/ //-*&/
)(+)' /' (**+& & 6'+/*?+, '/ )'* )(+)' /' ()'
& *='&*?+ )' & '+'&. E*'+6( E/ ' +6( /(=' & /'**' B9'6*& )' ((
)(+)' ' /*/-( /' &&+8& / -&<( *+6'+/*)&) . M&+*6) E/ & &+6*)&) )' '+'& *='&)&. S' (+/6*6<' +& -')*)& )' & '8& )' /*/-( '+ ' '*'+6(. L& -&+*6) /' '*/6& -')*&+6' & '/&& )' R*6',
' (-'+)' + 6(6& )' 10 9&('/. I+6'+/*)&) E/ ' ''6( '*/6&)( '+ ' '*'+6(, '/6& /' -*)' '+ & '/&& )' M'&*, ' & (+/6& )' + 6(6& )' XII 9&('/, /*'+)( ' J6*-( & )'/6*?+ 6(6&.
6.
CLASIFICACION DE LOS SISMOS
SEG"N SU INTENSIDAD: MICROSISMO: R'*/6&)(/ ( &&&6(/ <& ' /(+ )' (& *+6'+/*)&) < -< '9'/.
Página 1
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
MACROSISMOS: I+6'+/(/, '*=*)( ( &/ '/(+&/, )' (+/*)'&*?+. MEGASISMOS: S/ ''6(/ /(+ )' &+ *+6'+/*)&).
SEG"N SU SENTIDO: OSCILATORIOS: D' -(9*-*'+6(/ (*8(+6&'/. TREPIDATORIOS: D' -(9*-*'+6(/ 9'6*&'/.
SEG"N SU PROFUNDIDAD: SUPERFICIALES: M'+( & 70-. INTERMEDIOS: E+6' 70- K 300-. PROFUNDOS: D' 300- & 700-.
7. ONDAS SISMICAS
O+)&/ P*-&*&/ BP
L&/ (+)&/ P BPRIMARIAS /(+ (+)&/ (+*6)*+&'/, ( &
/*+**&
(-*-*)(
<
'
'
/'(
)*&6&)(
'+
&
'/
&6'+&)&-'+6'
)*'*?+
)'
&
(&&*?+. E/6&/ (+)&/ '+'&-'+6' 9*&;&+ & +& 9'(*)&) 1.73 9''/ )' &/ (+)&/ S < ')'+ 9*&;& & 6&9/ )'
&*'
6*(
)' -&6'*&.
V'(*)&)'/
6*&/ /(+ 330->/ '+ ' &*', 1450->/ '+ ' && < '& )' 5000->/ '+ ' &+*6(.
O+)&/ S'+)&*&/ BS
L&/ (+)&/ S BSECUNDARIAS /(+ (+)&/ 6&+/9'/&'/ ( )' (6', ( & /*+**& ' ' /'( '/ )'/&8&)( ''+)*&-'+6'
&
&
)*'*?+
)'
(&&*?+,
&6'+&)&-'+6' &*& + &)( < &*& ' (6(. L&/ (+)&/ Página 1!
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
S ')'+ 9*&;& J+*&-'+6' & 6&9/ )' /?*)(/ )'=*)( & ' (/ *)(/ +( ')'+ /((6& '/'8(/ )' (6'. S 9'(*)&) '/ &')')( )' 5# & )' +& (+)& P && &*' -&6'*& /?*)(. U/&-'+6' & (+)& S 6*'+' -&<( &-*6) ' & P < /' /*'+6' -/ '6' ' /6&.
C&+)(
+
O+)&/ )' R&<'* /?*)(
(/''
+&
/'**'
*=',
(-(
&
/'**' )' & 6*'&, ')'+ '+'&/' (+)&/ ' 9*&;&+ & ( &( )' & /'**'. E/6&/ (+)&/ 6*'+'+ / -*-& &-*6)
'+
&
/'**'
*=',
&
&
)'''
'(+'+*&-'+6' (+ & (+)*)&), < /(+ (+(*)&/ (-( (+)&/ )' R&<'* '+ (+( & *'+6*( ' ')*;( / '*/6'+*&. L& 6&<'6(*& ' )'/*='+ &/ &6&/ )' -')*( & (&&/' & (+)& '/ '6*& '6?&)& < (' '+ ' &+( )' (&&*?+ )' & (+)&. U+& &+&(& )' '/6&/ (+)&/ ( (+/6*6<'+ &/ (+)&/ ' /' ()'+ '+ & /'**' )' &&.
Página 2"
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
. !ONAS
SISMICA
E/&*(
/*(
)' 6''+(
'
/''
-&/
/'
('+/& & 6'-=('/ )' 6*'&, 6/+&-*/ <>( -(9*-*'+6(/ )' 6*'&/, '/6( /' )'=' & &&6'*/6*&/ (*&/ )' /'( < /=/'(, ( ( '+'& &/ 8(+&/ /*/-*&/ /(+ &'&/ ' /' '+'+6&+ '& )' &+)'/ &+6*)&)'/ )' -(+6&&/.
A. EL CQRCULO CIRCUMPACQFICO : D(+)' /' *='& ' #0 )' 6(6& )' & '+'& //-*&. E C*+6?+ ( A+*( )' F'( )' P&*(, 6&-=*+ (+(*)( (-( C*+6?+ C*-&*(, '/6 /*6&)( '+ &/ (/6&/ )' (&+( P&*( &&6'*8&)& ( (+'+6& &+&/ )' &/ 8(+&/ )' /=)*?+ -/ *-(6&+6'/ )' -+)(. I+<' &
C*',
&6'
)'
%(*9*&,
P'J,
E&)(,
C((-=*&,
C'+6(&-*&, M*(, &6' )' (/ E/6&)(/ U+*)(/, &6' )' C&+&), '( )(=& & & &6& )' &/ I/&/ A'6*&+&/
Página 21
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
< =&;& ( &/ (/6&/ ' */&/ )' R/*&, &?+, T&*+, F***+&/, I+)(+'/*&, P&J& N'9& G*+'& < N'9& $'&+)&. S '( '(/& /(=' 9&*&/ &&/ 6'6?+*&/, &+)( '/& 6'+/*?+ /' *='&, (**+& 6''-(6(/ '+ (/ &/'/ )' *+6?+.
E C*+6?+ )' F'( /' '6*'+)' /(=' 40 000 - < 6*'+' & (-& )' +& '&)&. T*'+' 452 9(&+'/ < (+'+6& -/ )' 75 )' (/ 9(&+'/ &6*9(/ ' *+&6*9(/ )' -+)(. C&/* ' #0 )' 6''-(6(/ -/ &+)'/ /' ()'+ & ( &( )' C*+6?+ )' F'(.
%. AL S.E DEL PACQFICO : &/ 8(+&/ //-*&/ '/6+ &/(*&)&/ & (/ *6/ ('+*(/ ' /' *+**&+ '+ &/ I/&/ %&'+< '+ & A+66*)& < /' ;+6&+ '+ ' G(( )' C&*(+*& &/&+)( ( & C'/6& )' & I/& )' P&'/ < G&&(/, /*'+)( 6()(/ (/ 6''-(6(/ /'**&'/.
C. OTRA $ONA SE ORIGINA EN LAS ANTILLAS DEL SUR :
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I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
S' '-(+6& & ( &( )' 6()( ' *6(& )' P&*( '+ A-*& )' S < =&;( (/ A+)'/ B)(+)' (/ 6''-(6(/ *+6'-')*(/
<
(+)(/
/'**&'/,
'+(=&+)(
'/6+ '
='
&/(*&)(/ )'
&/
&
(/
A+6*&/
BM*(, C&*(+*& < A&/& < '+)(/' ' ( '+ &/ I/&/ A'6*&+&/.
D. LA $ONA SQSMICA TRANSASITICA: E+(=& 6()( ' /*/6'-& ((+*( &*+(, )'// E/&&, A*&
)'
N(6'
&/6&
&/
&)'+&/
)'
A/*&
C'+6&
B%*-&+*& ( I+)(+'/*&, '&/ /' ;+6&+ '+ ' -& )' %&+)& '+ ' ( *-&*(.
Página 23
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
CONCLUSIONES
C(-( '-(/ 9*/6( L& (6'8& 6''/6' +( '/ +& /'**' +*(-', /*+( ' '/6 (-&)& ( +& /'*' )' "#$%$& ' '+&;&+ '+6' / (-( &/ *'8&/ )' + 8'. L& T*'& (-(
&+'6&
/'
(+'
)'
-&+**'/6(
'+
+&
/'*'
)'
'+?-'+(/, (-( 9(&+'/ < 6''-(6(/, '6. E/6( /' )& '+ / *+6'*(. E
'/'8(
*+*&
&
(+/*/6*)(
'+
&(6&
&
(-*&*?+ )' 6()& & '+6' =*=*(*& )*/(+*=', )' (/ *+*&'/ '+?-'+(/ '(?*(/ ' &+ (9(&)( (
Página 24
/(+
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
&&'/
)'
(9(&
)&(/
&
(-='
<
&
/
*+&'/66& )' &/. D'='-(/ 6(-& (+*'+*&, 6'+' (+(*-*'+6( )' '/6( <& ' +( /' ')' )'6'+' )'=*)( & ' /(+ '+?-'+(/ +&6&'/, '( /* '9*6& )&(/ -&<('/.
'I'LIOGRAFIA
G'()*+-*& I+6'+&: F'+&+)( A&**( M&6+'8
C('*?+ L(/ O'+'/: L(/ V(&+'/
C('*?+ O&+( 6(-( 4 :H*/6(*& < G'(&&
S'&&6& )' G'()*+-*&BA&)'-*& P'U T*'
66:>>-+)('(&*&&.=(/(6.(->2012>03>'()*+&-* &*+6'+&.6-
66:>>&'*&/.').&>9>'((*&>'()*+&-*&*+6'+& >
66:>>'/./*=).(->)(>17#35313>G'()*+&-*&*+6'+&
66:>>./*)'/&'.+'6>&9*'A(P&)(>'()*+&-*& *+6'+&
Página 25
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
DEDICATORIA
PRIMERAMENTE A DIOS POR HA%ERME DADO LA VIDA PERMITIENDOME LLEGAR HASTA HOK K DARME LO NECESARIO PARA SEGUIR ADELANTE DQA A DQA
PARA LOGRAR MIS
O%ETIVOS, ADEMS DE SU INFINITA %ONDAD K AMOR.
A MI MADRE POR HA%ERME APOKADO EN TODO MOMENTO, POR SUS CONSEOS, SUS VALORES, POR LA MOTIVACIN CONSTANTE UE ME HA PERMITIDO SER UNA PERSONA DE %IEN, PERO MS UE NADA, POR SU AMOR. A MI PADRE POR LOS EEMPLOS DE PERSEVERANCIA K CONSTANCIA UE LO CARACTERI$AN K UE ME HA INFUNDADO SIEMPRE, POR EL VALOR MOSTRADO PARA SALIR ADELANTE K POR SU AMOR. Página 26
I C A M INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA ADVENTISTA ‘’EL A FARO’’ N I O D G E
A MI HERMANA POR SER EL EEMPLO DE UNA HERMANA MAKOR K DE LA CUAL APRENDQ ACIERTOS K DE MOMENTOS DIFQCILES K A TODOS AUELLOS UE AKUDARON DIRECTA O INDIRECTAMENTE A REALI$AR ESTE TRA%AO.
Página 27
