HMH B NMQGXMO QFO@MJVNVMO
B.
Pboimumo Vlul Pfotmoc Nudm M. Qfocfrtbmo
Nudm m`mnmj sfhumj boiurb pm`m imrbocmo ymoc lfoccmoccu prgsfs sfnunmr ogrlmn, nudm `mpmt iucm `bimhmrdmo `focmo m`moym dfrusmdmo pm`m duotboubtms/dfsmtumo imrbocmo tuhuj ymoc hbmsmoym `bsfrtmb `focmo dfjbnmocmo suhstmosb imrbocmo (Lmosigfr, 811=) H. Ftbgngcb
=. Lfdmobd m. Hfo`m tmiml Lfrupmdmo nudm tfrhudm ymoc tfrim`b mdbhmt hfo`m ymoc lflbnbdb sbsb tmiml mtmu ruokboc. Lbsmnoym nudm brbs, nudm hmkgd, `mo nudm tusud h. Hfo`m tulpun Nf`mdmo mtmu tflhmdmo, Lbsmnoym nudm dmrfom tflhmdmo sfoimtm mpb 8. Ogo Lfdmobd m. Hmjmo dblbm Pfrim`b mdbhmt fefd dgrgsb `mrb msml dumt mtmu hmsm dumt h. Prmulm ebsbdm =)
Nudm mdbhmt suju tboccb
8)
[uju tboccb `mpmt lfocmdbhmtdmo tfrim`boym jfmt fxjmustbgo prblfr, jfmt fxjmustbgo sfduo`fr, jfmt strgdf, suo strgdf, `mo jfmt krmlps.
;)
Nudm mdbhmt suju rfo`mj
0)
@frmimt Nudm ymoc tfrim`b pm`m dunbt dmrfom suju `bocbo `bmotmrmoym jypfrflbm, f`flm `mo vfsbdfn,
6)
Nudm mdbhmt trmulm nbstrbd
5)
Nudm mdbhmt pftbr
3)
Nudm mdbhmt pfruhmjmo tfdmomo u`mrm (Lmosigfr, 811= `mnml Xmtom, 811: )
k. Xm`bmsb
8
K. Dnmsbebdmsb
=.
Hfr`msmrdmo `frmimt dgotmlbomsb m. Nudm hfrsbj Nudm hfrsbj m`mnmj nudm ymoc tb`md tfr`mpmt boenmlmsb `mo boefdsb, ymoc lfrupmdmo nudm smymt fnfdtbe `mo stfrbn `blmom nudm tfrsfhut hfrpgtfosb uotud tfrboefdsb. Nudm tb`md m`m dgotmd `focmo grgemrboc, trmdtus rfspbrmtgrbus lmupuo trmdtus cfobtgurbomrbus. @focmo `flbdbmo dgo`bsb nudm tfrsfhut tftmp `mnml dfm`mmo hfrsbj. Dfluocdbomo tfrim`boym boefdsb nudm sfdbtmr =%-6%. h. Nudm hfrsbj tfrdgotmlbomsb Nudm hfrsbj tfrdgotmlbomsb m`mnmj nudm pflhf`mjmo `blmom smnurmo pfromemsmo, smnurmo pfokfrommo `mo smnurmo pfrdflbjmo `mnml dgo`bsb tfrdgotrgn. Qrgsfs pfoyflhujmo nudm mdmo nfhbj nmlm omluo nudm tb`md lfouoiuddmo tmo`m boefdsb. Dfluocdbomo tblhunoym boefdsb nudm sfdbtmr ;% - ==%. k. Nudm tfrdgotmlbomsb Nudm tfrdgotmlbomsb m`mnmj nudm ymoc hfrpgtfosb tfrboefdsb spbnnmcf smnurmo pfromemsmo, smnurmo pfokfrommo `mo smnurmo dflbj. Nudm lfouoiudmo tmo`m boefdsb. Nudm bob `mpmt `btfludmo pm`m nudm tfrhudm dmrfom trmulm mtmu dfkfnmdmmo (nudm nmsfrmsb), ermdtur tfrhudm lmupuo nudm pfoftrmsb. Dfluocdbomo boefdsb nudm =1% - =3%. `. Nudm dgtgr Nudm dgtgr m`mnmj nudm nmlm, nudm dfkfnmdmmo ymoc lfocmo`uoc imrbocmo lmtb `mo nudm `focmo tmo`m boefdsb sfpfrtb kmbrmo purunfo. Nudm bob hbsm sfhmcmb mdbhmt pflhf`mjmo ymoc smocmt tfrdgotmlbomsb. Hfotud nudm sfpfrtb pfregrmsb vbsfrm, mhsfs `mo trmulm nmlm.
8. Hfr`msmrdmo pfoyfhmh m. Nudm mdbhmt dfdfrmsmo hfo`m tulpun =)
Uunous dgotusbg/ jflmtgl M`mnmj nudm lflmr ymbtu sumtu pfo`mrmjmo `mnml imrbocmo hmwmj dunbt mdbhmt pfkmjoym dmpbnfr `mo vfom ymoc `bsfhmhdmo gnfj dfdfrmsmo tulpun
;
8)
Uunous fdsgrbmsb (nudm nfkft mtmu mhrmsb) m`mnmj kf`frm pm`m pfrludmmo fpb`frlbs mdbhmt hfrsfotujmo `focmo hfo`m hfrpfrludmmo dmsmr mtmu ruokboc. Nudm bob hmoymd `biulpmb pm`m dfim`bmo trmulmtbd tr mulmtbd sfpfrtb dfkfnmdmmo nmnu nbotms, tfrimtuj lmupuo hfoturmo hfo`m tmiml mtmupuo tulpun. Smnmupuo dfrusmdmooym lboblmn tftmpb nudm nfkft `mpmt lflhfrbdmo pftuoiud dfluocdbomo m`moym dfrusmdmo jfhmt pm`m mnmt-mnmt `mnml tuhuj. [fsumb lfdmobslf tfrim`boym nudm nfkft `bhf`mdmo `mnml ifobs9
Nudm nfkft cgrfs @bmdbhmtdmo
gnfj
hfo`m
ruokboc
ymoc
lfoccfsfr
nmpbsmo
pfrludmmo dunbt
Nudm nfkft sfrut ( crzsf)/cfsfr crzsf)/cfsfr ( erbktbgo erbktbgo mhrmsbgo) mhrmsbgo) M`mnmj nudm nfkft ymoc tfrim`b mdbhmt pfrsfotujmo dunbt `focmo pfrludmmo hm`mo ymoc dmsmr `focmo mrmj dfdfrmsmo sfimimr/ lbrboc tfrjm`mp dunbt
Nudm nfkft tfdmo (blprfssbgo, (blprfssbgo, blpmkt mhrmsbgo) mhrmsbgo ) Nudm nfkft ymoc `bsfhmhdmo gnfj pfofdmomo hfo`m tulpun sfkmrm tfcmd nurus tfrjm`mp pfrludmmo dunbt.
;)
Uunous nmsfrmtul (nudm rghfd) nudm `focmo tfpb ymoc tb`md hfrmturmo mtmu kglpmoc kmlpboc hbmsmoym dmrfom tmrbdmo mtmu cgrfsmo hfo`m tulpun. Nudm bob `mpmt dbtm iulpmb pm`m dfim`bmo dfkfnmdmmo nmnu nbotms `blmom hfotud nudm tb`md hfrmturmo `mo dgtgr, df`mnmlmo nudm hbsm lfoflhus nmpbsmo ludgsm jboccm nmpbsmo gtgt.
0
h. Nudm mdbhmt dfdfrmsmo sftfocmj tmiml =)
Uunous Lgrsul M`mnmj nudm dmrfom cbcbtmo hbomtmoc. Nudm cbcbtmo jfwmo lflbnbdb hfotud pfrludmmo nudm ymoc lfocbdutb cbcb jfwmo ymoc lfoccbcbt. @focmo df`mnmlmo nudm iucm lfoyfsumbdmo cbcbtmo jfwmo tfrsfhut
k. Nudm mdbhmt dfdfrmsmo tmiml/ hfo`m tmiml =)
Uunous skbsul (nudm smymt mtmu brbs) Nudm smymt mtmu brbs ymoc `b tmo`mb `focmo tfpb nudm hfrupm cmrbs nurus `mo hfrmturmo. Uunous skbssul hbmsmoym skbssul hbmsmoym `biulpmb pm`m mdtbebtms mdtb ebtms sfjmrbjmrb sfpfrtb tfrdfom pbsmu `mpur, smymtmo hfo`m tmiml ( sfoc, dmkm ), `blmom hfotud nudm tfrmtur
8)
Uunous puoktul (nudm tusud) Nudm tusud m`mnmj nudm mdbhmt tusudmo hfo`m ruokboc ymoc hbmsmoym df`mnmlmo nudm nfhbj `mrb pm`m nfhmroym. Lbsmnoym tusudmo pbsmu ymoc lfoflhus nmpbsmo gtgt, tusudmo pmdu `mo hfo`m-hfo`m tmiml nmbooym. Dfsflumoym
lfoblhundmo
fefd
tusudmo
ymoc
`mnml
pfrludmmo nudm tb`md hfcbtu nfhmr.
;)
Uunous skngpfrgtul (nudm tflhmd) M`mnmj nudm ymoc `bsfhmhdmo dmrfom tflhmdmo sfoimtm mpb
`focmo
6
`. Nudm mdbhmt trmulm ebsbdm `mo dblbm =)
Uunous kglhutbg M`mnmj nudm dmrfom tfrhmdmr gnfj mpb mtmu kmbrmo pmoms lmupuo sfocmtmo mrus nbstrbd. Uunous kglhutbg lflbnbdb hfotud nudm ymoc tb`md hfrmturmo `focmo pfrludmmo nudm ymoc nfhmr `mo wmrom dunbt ymoc lfocjbtml. Hbmsmoym iucm `bsfrtmb hunm dmrfom dfrusmdmo fpbtfn dunbt `mo ludgsm
@. Lmobefstmsb Dnbobd
Lfourut hnmkd (=22;) lmobefstmsb vunous m`mnmj sfhmcmb hfrbdut9 =.
@fegrlbtms9 @mym tfrbd dfdumtmo gtgt lfoyfhmhdmo ermclfo tunmoc hfrpbo`mj `mrb tflpmtoym pfruhmjmo dfsfblhmocmo `mo kgotur tfrim`b sfpfrtb9 rgtmsb pflfo`fdmo tunmoc, pfofdmomo tunmoc.
8.
Hfocdmd9 f`flm luokun sfkmrm kfpmt `mrb ngdmsb `mo fdstrmvmdsmsb `mrmj `mnml imrbocmo ymoc hfr`fdmtmo `focmo ermdtur
;.
Fkjulgsbs `mrb Qfr`mrmjmo [uhkunmofgus
0.
[pmslf gtgt spmslf bovgnuotfrs `fdmt ermdtur
6.
Pfo`frofss/dfflpudmo
5. Oyfrb luocdbo `bsfhmhdmo gnfj spmslf gtgt hfrpbo`mj tunmoc `mrb tflpmtoym `mo dfrusmdmo strudtur `b `mfrmj ymoc hfr`fdmtmo.
@.
3.
Dfjbnmocmo sfosmsb (lmtb rmsm, luocdbo tfrim`b `mrb rusmdoym smrme/pfr`mrmjmo)
:.
Qfrcfrmdmo mhogrlmn
2.
Drfpbtmsb
Qflfrbdsmmo Qfouoimoc
=. Qflfrbdsmmo sfrul9 jmn bob `bnmdudmo dmrfom m`m pm`m pmsbfo `focmo nudm hmdmr lfocmnmlb dfjbnmocmo vgnulf 8. Qflfrbdsmmo `mrmj 9 lbsmn pm`m pmsbfo `focmo nudm cbcbtmo `mpmt `biulpmb jbpgprgtgtrglhboflbm, trglhgsbtgpfobm, jbpgebhrbogcflbm, `mo moflbm
5
0. Momnbsm cms `mrmj hbmsmoym pmsbfo nudm hmdmr tfrim`b msb`gsbs lftmhgnbslf `mo dfjbnmocm prgtfbo 6. Emmn jmtb `mo cboimn 5. KHK lfocb`fotbebdmsbdmo iulnmj `mrmj ymoc df `mnml kmbrmo, pfourumo JKP `mo XHK, trglhgsbtgpfobm ngdmn, nfudgsbtgsbs, XHK ymoc rusmd 3. Fnfdtgnbt tfrim`b pfouruomo kmnsbul `mo sfrul, pfobocdmtmo mndmnb pjgspjmtf :. [frul mnhulbo 9 tgtmn prgtfbo lfouruo, jbpgomtrflbm 2. Xm`bgngcb 9 uotud lfocftmjub pfoulpudmo kmbrmo pmru, bojmnms msmp `mo lfouoiuddmo emdtgr ymoc lfo`msmrb 4 pm`m pmsbfo vunous lgrsul hbmsmoym tfr`mpmt flhgnb pmru/f`flm pmru =1. FKC 9 uotud lfocftmjub m`moym mrbtlbm F. Dglpnbdmsb
=. Dfrusmdmo mrtfrb9 8. Qfkmjoym mrtfrb dmrfom trmulm hbsm `btmo`mb `focmo tb`md m`moym om`b, KXP lfouruo, kymogsbs hmcbmo `bstmn, jflmtglm ymoc nfhmr, `mo `bocbo pm`m fdstrblbtms ymoc `bsfhmhdmo gnfj tbo`mdmo flfrcfosb spnbotboc, pfruhmjmo pgsbsb pm`m ymoc smdbt, tbo`mdmo rf`udsb, `mo `mo pflhf`mjmo. ;. Dglpmrtflfot [yo`rgl Dglpmrtflfot [yo`rgl lfrupmdmo dglpnbdmsb sfrbus ymoc tfrim`b dmrfom tfrifhmdoym gtgt, tunmoc, smrme, `mo pflhunuj `mrmj `mnml imrbocmo pmrut. Bob `bsfhmhdmo gnfj gf`flm mtmu pfr`mrmjmo ymoc lfofdmo gtgt, smrme, `mo pflhunuj `mrmj 0. Boefdsb 6. [jgkd tfrim`b dmrfom dfjbnmocmo hmoymd `mrmj `mo lfobocdmtoym pfrlfmhbnbtms dmpbnfr ymoc hbsm lfoyfhmhdmo lfouruooym gdsbcfomsb 5. Dgotrmdtur 3. Jbpfrtrgpb imrbocmo pmrut
BB.
Pboimumo Vlul Pfotmoc Uunous Quoktul M. @febobsb
Nudm tusud (vunous puoktul) m`mnmj nudm ymoc `bsfhmhdmo gnfj hfo`m tmiml sfpfrtb pbsmu, pmdu `mo hfo`m tmiml nmbooym. Hbmsmoym pm`m nudm tusud, `mrmj
3
Nudm tusud lfrupmdmo ifims pm`m tuhuj ymoc `bmdbhmtdmo gnfj pfousudmo hfo`m ymoc lflbnbdb uiuoc tmiml t miml tmiml pm`m tuhuj. Hfo`m tmiml ymoc `blmdsu` sfpfrtb pbsmu, pf`moc, cuotboc, mnmt pmjmt, hmygoft `mo hfo`m ymoc lflbnbdb uiuoc tmiml nmbooym. Hmjdmo hfo`m nfhbj tulpun sfpfrtb ghfoc iucm `mpmt lfoyfhmhdmo nudm tusud. Nudm tusud `mpmt `bhf`mdmo `focmo nudm brbs hfr`msmrdmo pmoimoc `mo df`mnmlmo nudm. Ibdm `bnmdudmo pfocudurmo, nudm mdbhmt tusudmo lflbnbdb df`mnmlmo nudm nfhbj pmoimoc `bhmo`boc pmoimocoym, sfhmnbdoym pm`m nudm brbs.
Cmlhmr =. NudmPusud, pmomj hbru cfnmp lfouoiuddmo sbsb `focmo su`ut nmokbp, sf`mocdmo `bsbsb ymoc hfrnmwmomo `focmo su`ut tulpun tulpun .. H. Dmrmdtfrbstbd Dmrmdtfrbstbd Nudm
=.
Qmoimoc `mo df`mnmlmo nudm Qm`m nudm tusud, pmoimoc nudm pm`m dunbt `mpmt smlm, nfhbj dfkbn mtmupuo nfhbj hfsmr `bhmo`bocdmo `focmo nfhmr pbsmu. Dfhmoymdmo nudm tusud mdmo lfocmocm hudmo dmrfom sbemt hfo`m ymoc lmsud tftmpb sfhmcmb mdbhmt fnmstbsbtms `mrb dunbt. Qm`m hmcbmo tfrtfotu pm`m tuhuj, `blmom tfr`mpmt `msmr hfrupm tunmoc mtmu sfrmt gtgt, nudm btu luocdbo omlpmd hfrhfotud sfpfrtb durvm. Qmoimoc nudm pfotboc `budur `focmo kmrm lfrmpmtdmo df`um tfpb nudm sfhmh btu mdmo lfwmdbnb nfhmr mnmt. Qmoimoc nudm `b pfrludmmo dunbt tmlpmd nfhbj dfkbn `mrb nfhmr mnmt, mpmnmcb hbnm nudm lfnbotmoc tfrjm`mp gtgt. Hbnm nudm lmsud `mo dfnumr lfnmnub mnur ymoc smlm lmdm nfhmr nudm smlm `focmo nfhmr mnmt. Pftmpb sfrboc ymoc tfrim`b nfhmr nudm lfnfhbjb nfhmr mnmt dfrfom tmrbdmo df smlpboc wmdtu lfousud `mo wmdtu lfomrbd. @flbdbmo iucm hbnm mnmt/pbsmu ymoc lmsud dfimrbocmo `focmo pgsbsb ymoc lbrboc. Qflmdmbmo bstbnmj „nudm pfoftrmsb“ `btuoiuddmo uotud lfoifnmsdmo lfoifnmsdmo `blmom `mnmlmo nudm ymoc `bmdbhmtdmo gnfj hfo`m btu lfnfhbjb nfhmr nudm ymoc tmlpmd pm`m pfrludmmo dunbt. @mnmloym nudm sunbt `btfotudmo pm`m `mfrmj tmopm tunmoc sfpfrtb `b `mfrmj mh`glfo gnfj dmrfom fnmstbsbtms `bo`boc pfrut
tfrsfhut.
Qmoimoc
smnurmo
nudm
mtmu
df`mnmlmo
nudm
`mpmt
:
pmocdmn sfoimtm lmsud df`mnml tuhuj. Vluloym `mnml nudm nfhbj pfo`fd `mrb pmoimoc sfoimtm, dmrfom imrmoc `btusudmo mlpmb df pmocdmn sfoimtm.
Cmlhmr 8. Qbsmuhfrlmtm smtu ymoc`btusudmo `focmodf`mnmlmo ymochfrhf` ymochfrhf` m. m.
8. Hfotud Nudm Pfr`mpmt hfhfrmpm jmn ymoc lflpfocmrujb hfotud nudm ymbtu hfotud `mo udurmo sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo, mrmj `grgocmo, cfrmdmo sfoimtm pm`m nudm, cfrmdmo dgrhmo ymoc `btusud, `mo dfm`mmo fnmstbsbtms dunbt. Hfotud nudm lfrupmdmo cmlhmrmo ymoc pfotboc `mrb nudm tusud dmrfom dmrfom jmn btu mdmo smocmt lflhmotu `mnml lflhf`mdmo hfrhmcmb ifobs sfoimtm ymoc luocdbo tfnmj `bdulpundmo gnfj pgnbsb `mo `bhmwm uotud `bpfrbdsm. @mfrmj tfpb nudm `mpmt lflhfrbdmo boegrlmsb dftmimlmo sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo. [foimtm ymoc tulpun lbsmnoym mdmo lflhumt tfpb nudm lfocmnmlb mhrmsb. Qboccbr nudm `mpmt lfouoiudmo hmcbmo ymoc tmiml (su`ut nmokbp) `mo tulpun (su`ut tulpun) `mrb pbsmu hfrpboccbr tmiml smtu sbsb. Qbsmu `focmo df`um sbsb tmiml mdmo lfocjmsbndmo nudm `focmo `um pboccbr tmiml.
Cmlhmr ;. Nudm tusud sfoimtm hfrlmtm smtu
Cmlhmr 0. Nudm tusud sfoimtm hfrlmtm `um
Hfotud nudm iucm tfrcmotuoc sfhfrmpm hmoymd hmcbmo pbsmu (sfoimtm) ymoclmsud df `mnml tuhuj, gnfj dmrfom btu pfotboc lfocftmjub hfrhmcmb dflu df luoc ocdb dbom omohfotud ohfotud sfoimt sfoimtmm ymoc `bcu `bcuomd omdmo. mo.
Cmlhmr 6. Hmcbmo-hmcbmo `mrb sfhumj pbsmu.
2
dm`moc-dm`moc hfrhfotud sfcb flpmt mtmu, ymoc nfhbj imrmoc, hfrhfotud smtfnbt
6
[fnmbo dfdjususmo sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo, sbemt dffnmstbsmo dunbt `mo mrmj tusudmo tfrjm`mp sfrmhut fnmstbs iucm lflpfocmrujb hfotud nudm. Mpmhbnm mrmj tusudmo lflhfotud su`ut ymoc tfcmd nurus `focmo `bstrbhusb sfrmhut fnmstbs tuhuj ymoc ymoc sfsumb `focmo Nmocfr‗s nbof. Jmn bob mdmo lfoyfhmhdmo tfpb nudm mdmo lfnfhmr `mo kftmdmo nudm tb`md sfsumb `focmo sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo.
Cmlhmr :. Nudm luntbpfn `focmo hfrhmcmb hfotud mdbhmt fefd nmocfr‒s nbof. Pfr`mpmt hfhfrmpm emdtgr ymoc lflpfocmrujb hfotud nudm tusud, smnmj smtuoym m`mnmj rfmdsb dgrhmo smmt `btusud mtmu smmt pbsmu dfnumr, jmn tfrsfhut `mpmt lfoyfhmhdmo nudmoym lfoim`b tb`md hfcbtu djms. Mtmu lmobpunmsb ymoc `bnmdudmo pm`m smmt pfousudmo iucm mdmo lflpfocmrujb. Hfhfrmpm pgnm nudm ymoc `mpmt `btfludmo 9 m. Pusudmo lmsud, ymoc dflu`bmo `bdfnumrdmo sfhmcbmo, `mo dflu`bmo `btusuddmo dflhmnb lfnmnub smnurmo ymoc hfrhf`m. Qm`m dfm`mmo tfrsfhut nudm tb`md sfsumb `focmo cmlhmrmo hbmsmoym `mo nfhbj `mrb smtu smnurmo `mpmt `btflub pm`m imrbocmo ymoc nfhbj `mnml lmupuo pm`m grcmo. h. Pusudmo lmsud dflu`bmo `bdfnumrdmo `focmo lfocmrmjdmo df smnmj smtu su`ut, sfjboccm nudm ymoc tfrhfotud nfhbj nfhmr `mo lflhfrbdmo nudm pm`m pfrludmmo dunbt sfpfrtb fdgr. k. Pusudmo lmsud dflu`bmo smmt lmsbj `b `mnml `btusuddmo df mrmj nmbo, sfjboccm smnurmo nudm lfoim`b nfhbj nums. Nudm numr ymoc
5
tfrnbjmt iucm nfhbj nums `bhmo`bocdmo `focmo nfhmr sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo. `. Pusudmo
lmsud
ymoc
dflu`bmo
`bdfnumrdmo
`focmo
lfocccuomdmo tbtbd tfr`mnml sfhmcmb nmo`msmo, sfjboccm smnurmo nudm sflpbt pm`m tbtbd tfr`mnml `mo tfrnfhmr pm`m hmcbmo supfrebsbmn. [fjboccm nudm numr nfhbj hfsmr `bhmo`bocdmo nfhmr sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo. f. Pusudmo `bputmr smmt lmsud, dfnumr, lmupuo df`umoym. [u`ut nudm hfrhfotud brfcunfr `mo hfsmr.
Jmrus `bbocmt hmjwm pgsbsb tuhuj dgrhmo smmt `btusud hfrhf`m `focmo pm`m smmt mutgpsb. Qgsbsb lflhuocdud, hfrputmr, `mo lfocmocdmt tmocmo `mpmt `bsfhmhdmo gnfj sfoimtm ymoc nfhbj pfo`fd `bhmo`bocdmo mpm ymoc `b`mpmtdmo pm`m smmt mutgpsb. Lmobpunmsb tuhuj uotud lflpfrnbjmtdmo pgsbsb smmt `btusud sunbt mtmu hmjdmo tb`md luocdbo lfocbocmt hfrmt `mo m`moym dmdu lmymt. Qgbo nmbo ymoc pfrnu `bpfrtblhmocdmo m`mnmj m`moym dglprfsb `mrb hfhfrmpm moccgtm tuhuj pm`m smmt pfousudmo. Qflfrbdsm ymoc su`mj hfrpfocmnmlmo hbmsmoym rmcu-rmcu uotud lfofotudmo ifobs sfoimtm ymoc `bcuomdmo.
K. Qflfrbdsmmo Nudm
Qm`m pflfrbdsmmo nudm m`m `um tbpf nudm gnfj dmrfom bostrulfo ymoc tmiml ymoc pfrnu `bpfrjmtbdmo `focmo hmbd `mo lflbnbdb kbrb ymoc `mpmt `bdfomnb `mrb mdsb dgrhmo ymbtu tmo`m pfrkghmmo `mo nudm pfrnmwmomo. Df`umoym lflpuoymb hfotud, nftmd `mo lf`bdgnfcmn. Pmo`m pfrkghmmo m`mnmj bosbsb `mocdmn, nudm tusud `bhumt sfhfnul nudm ymoc emtmn gnfj bo`bvb`u ymoc hfrfokmom huouj `brb. Nudm pfrkghmmo tfrsfhut sfrbocdmnb tfrnftmd pmrmnfn `mo tfrnftmd `fdmt `focmo nudm `mnml `b `mfrmj pfrcfnmocmo
3
tmocmo mtmu nfjfr. Hfotud nmbooym motmrm nmbo nudm tusud `mocdmn `b`fdmt nudm tusud `mnml `mo lflmtbdmo. Lfsdbpuo imrmoc sfdmnb `bnmpgr
Cmlhmr :.Nudm luntbpnf ymoc lfrupmdmo tmo`m pfrkghmmo huouj `brb Hfotud nmbo `mrb nudm gnfj dmrfom bostrulfo ymoc tmiml m`mnmj “nudm pfrnmwmomo“. “nudm pfrnmwmomo“. Nudm ifobs bob `mpmt `btfludmo `b imrb-imrb, imrb-imrb, tmocmo, `mo nfocmo hmwmj (imrmoc `btflpmt nmbo) `mrb dgrhmo sfhmcmblmom bm hfrusmjm lfnbo`uocb `brboym `mrb myuomo sfoimtm, kgotgjoym `focmo lfoccfoccml hbnmj `mrb bostrulfotmiml.
@mnml pflfrbdsmmo, botfrprftmsb nudm jmrus hfr`msmrdmo pfoflumo `mo tb`md hgnfj `bpfocmrujb gnfj dftfrmocmo pmsbfo mtmu dfnumrcm. Qflfrbdsmmo `btuiudmo uotud lfofotudmo9 m.
Iulnmj nudm
h.
Ngdmsb nudm
k.
Mrmj nudm
`.
Vdurmo nudm (pmoimoc, nfhmr `mo `mnml)
f.
Lflpfrdbrmdmo nudm sfhmcmb pfoyfhmh dflmtbmo dgrhmo mtmu hudmo
:
e.
Lflpfrdbrmdmo kmrm tfrim`boym nudm mpmdmj dmsus pflhuoujmo, huouj `brb, mtmu dfkfnmdmmo. Ngdmsb nudm `bifnmsdmo `focmo lfocjuhuocdmo `mfrmj ‛ `mfrmj `mfrmj ymoc
hfr`fdmtmo `focmo cmrbs momtglb tuhuj `mo pgsbsb imrbocmo tfrtfotu, lbsmnoym cmrbs tfocmj tuhuj, dftbmd, putboc susu, pusmt, pfrsfo`bmo `mo nmbo ‛ nmbo ‛ nmbo. nmbo. Hfotud nudm sfhmbdoym `bhumt `mnml hfotud sdftsm mtmu `begtg uotud lfoccmlhmrdmo dfrusmdmo pfrludmmo dunbt, imrbocmo `bhmwmjoym, `mo hbnm pfrnu grcmo `mnml (vbsfrmn). @budur sfkmrm tfpmt (`mnml udurmo lbnnblftfr mtmu kfotblftfr) tb`md hgnfj `mnml udurmo dbrm ‛ dbrm ‛ dbrm dbrm smim. ([imlsujb`mymt, 8115)
@. Qfoyfhmh Dflmtbmo
Qfoyfhmh dflmtbmo `mpmt tfrim`b sfcfrm mtmu nmocsuoc, tftmpb pfrnudmmo `mpmt iucm lfoyfhmhdmo dflmtbmo sfkmrm tb`md nmocsuoc. Qfoyfhmh dflmtbmo nmocsuoc `mpmt hfrupm9 =.
Qfr`mrmjmo nums (sygd jbpgvgnflbd) `mo hmoymd `mpmt tfrim`b `b `mnml rgoccm tuhuj mtmu `b numr rgoccm tuhuj. Ugnulf `mrmj m`m dbrm ‛ dbrm ‛ dbrm dbrm 3 =1 % mtmu =/=; hfrmt hm`mo. Dfjbnmocmo =/; hmcbmo `mrb vgnulf `mrmj tuhuj sfkmrm tbhm- tbhm `mpmt lfoyfhmhdmo dflmtbmo. Dfjbnmocmo `mrmj ymoc
`flbdbmo
bob
lfocmdbhmtdmo
sygd
`mo
lfoboccmn
hbnm
tb`md `bnmdudmo pfomocmomo ymoc tfpmt `mo kfpmt, sf`mocdmo dfjbnmocmo `mrmj sfkmrm pfrnmjmo-nmjmo tb`md hfcbtu lflhmjmymdmo gnfj dmrfom tuhuj `mpmt lfocdglpfosmsboym. Qfr`mrmjmo `b `mnml rgoccm tuhuj `mpmt dbtm iulpmb pm`m nudm tusud ymoc lfocfomb grcmo ‛ grcmo ‛ grcmo grcmo `mnml sfpfrtb imotuoc, pmru ‛ pmru, jmtb `mo nblpm. dmnmu d mnmu `biulpmb nfhbj `mrb smtu nudm, lmdm jmrus `btfotudmo ymoc lmom ymoc lfoyfhmhdmo dflmtbmo dgrhmo. 8.
Nudm pm`m grcmo vbtmn. Hbnm ymoc tfrnudm m`mnmj grcmo vbtmn, sfpfrtb imotuoc, pmru, nblpm, jmtb, cboimn, pflhunuj `mrmj hfsmr mdmo
2
lfoyfhmhdmo
dflmtbmo
nfhbj
kfpmt.
Qfr`mrmjmo
pm`m
dmotuoc
pfrbkmr`bul sfhmoymd ;11- 011 kk tfnmj `mpmt lfoyfhmhdmo dflmtbmo dmrfom tfrim`b tmlpgom`f imotuoc. @flbdbmo iucm `mrmj sfiulnmj 811 ‛ ;11 kk ymoc lfoyulhmt smnurmo pfromemsmo `mpmt lfoyfhmhdmo dflmtbmo dmrfom msebdsbm. Dflmtbmo ymoc tblhun `mnml imocdm wmdtu ymoc nmlm, ymoc hudmo prblfr gnfj dmrfom nudmoym, `bsfhut pfoyfhmh dflmtbmo sfkmrm tb`md nmo csuoc. Rmoc tfrlmsud jmn-jmn bob m`mnmj 9 =.
Boenmlmsb
`mrb
grcmo ‛ grcmo grcmo
`mnml
tuhuj,
sfpfrtb
lfobocbtbs,
fokfpjmngtgs, pnfurbtbs `mo pfrbtgobtbs. 8.
Boefdsb sfpsbs `mrb nudm ymoc `mpmt lfocmdbhmtdmo sfptbkflbm `mrb nudmnmlm ymoc tb`md sflhuj `mo nudm bob hbsm prblfr mtmupuo sfduo`fr.
;.
Cmocrfo mtmu ofdrgsbs sfhmcmb mdbhmt dfrusmdmo imrbocmo ‛ imrbocmo `mopflhunuj `mrmj.
0.
Prglhgsbs pm`m pflhunuj `mrmj vfom `mo flhgnb ymoc tfrim`b mdbhmtbllghbnbsmsb.
BBB. Pboimumo Vlul Pfotmoc Prmulm Mh`glfo M. Momtglb Mh`glfo
=. Momtglb Numr `mrb Mh`glfo m. Mh`glfo @fpmo @febobsb mh`glfo `fpmo m`mnmj hb`moc ymoc hmcbmo supfrbgroym `bhmtmsb gnfj cmrbs botfrlmllmrbm, `b boefrbgr `bhmtmsb gnfj df`um nbcmlfotul bocubomnf `mo sblebsbs puhbs sfrtm `b nmtfrmn gnfj df`um nbofm mdsbnmrbs motfrbgr h. Qboccmoc Bob lfrupmdmo `mfrmj ymoc hfrm`m `bmotmrm nbofm mdsbnmrbs motfrbgr `mo nbofm mdsbnmrbs pgstfrbgr, `mrb sfnm bcm df-5 `bmtms, df hmwmj smlpmb krbstm bnbmkm. @b ngdmsb bob m`moym `bo`boc gtgt mh`glfo ymoc
=1
tfhmn, hfrnmbomo `focmo `bo`boc gtgt ymoc nfhbj tbpbs `bhmcbmo `fpmo, lfoim`b pfnbo`uoc tfrutmlm tfrjm`mp nudms tusud. k. Quoccuoc @mfrmj bob hfrm`m `bhfnmdmoc `mrb nbofm mdsbnmrbs pgstfrbgr, `mrb uiuoc hmwmj skmpunm smlpmb krbstm bnbmkm. [fpfrtb jmnoym `mfrmj enmod, `bsbob gtgt-gtgt puoccuoc `mo gtgt pmrmspbomn lfoim`b pfnbo`uoc tfrjm`mp trmulm tmiml 8. Momtglb @mnml `mrb Mh`glfo m. Xgoccm Qfrbtgofmn Xgoccm pfrbtgofmn tfr`brb `mrb `um hmcbmo, ymbtu mtms `mo hmwmj. Xgoccm pfrbtgofmn mtms `bnbo`uocb gnfj hmcbmo hmwmj `mrb `bo`boc tjgrmx ymoc lfokmdup `bmermclm, jfpmr, nbfo, cmstfr `mo kgngo trmosvfrsul. Hmcbmo bob iucm `bsfhut dglpgofo tjgrmkgmh`glbomn `mrb mh`glfo. Qm`m smmt `bmermclm ombd smlpmb sfnm bcm BU pm`m wmdtu fdspbrmsb pfouj, sftbmp tfrim`b ermdtur bcm lmupuo nudm tusud tflhus `bhmwmj cmrbs botfrlmllmrbm hbsm lfokf`frmb grcmo `mnml mh`glfo. Xgoccm pfrbtgofmn hmwmj hfrbsbdmo usus jmnus, hmcbmo kgngo mskfo`fos `mo kgngo `fskfo`fos, kgngo sbclgb` `mo pm`m wmobtm, grcmo rfprg`udsb botfromn. h. Xgoccm Botrmpfrbtgofmn Xgoccm ymoc pgtfosbmn bob m`mnmj rgoccm ymoc hfrm`m `bhfnmdmoc `bo`boc pfrbtgoful ymoc lfnmpbsb mh`glfo `mo `b`mnmloym tfr`mpmt mgrtm mh`glbomnbs, vfom kmvm boefrbgr, sfhmcbmo hfsmr `mrb `ug`foul, pmodrfms, cboimn `mo urftfr sfrtm sfhmcbmo pgstfrbgr `mrb kgngo mskfo`fos `mo kgngo `fskfo`fos, `mo iucm hmcbmo rgoccm pfnvbs ymoc rftrgpfrbtgofmn. Kf`frm pm`m grcmo `mnml rftrgpfrbtgofmn sunbt `bdfomnb dmrfom `mfrmj bob imuj `mrb imocdmumo pflfrbdsmmo ebsbd ymoc hbmsm `mo iucm kf`frm `bsbob pm`m mwmnoym tb`md mdmo lflpfrnbjmtdmo tmo`m lmupuo cfimnm pfrbtgobtbs. @bsmlpboc btu,
==
rgoccm bob tb`md tfrlmsud `mnml hmcbmo ymoc `bpfrbdsm smlpfnoym pm`m `bmcogstbk pfrbtgofmn nmvmcf (@QN). nmvmcf (@QN). k. Xgoccm Qfnvbs Xgoccm pfnvbs ymoc `bnbo`uocb gnfj tunmoc-tunmoc pfnvbs, sfhfomroym lfrupmdmo hmcbmo hmwmj `mrb rgoccm botrmpfrbtgofmn, sfdmnbcus hmcbmo hmwmj `mrb rgoccm rftrgpfrbtgofmn. Pfr`mpmt `b`mnmloym rfktul, vfsbkm urbomrbm, pflhunuj-pflhunuj bnbmkm `mo pm`m wmobtm, grcmo
rfprg`udsb
botfromn.
[fhmcmblmom
jmnoym
hmcbmo
tjgrmkgmh`glbomn, pflfrbdsmmo grcmo-grcmo pfnvbs tfrjmnmoc gnfj hmcbmo-hmcbmo tunmoc `bmtmsoym. ;. Gtgt Qfoyusuo @bo`boc Mh`glfo Gtgt pfoyusuo `bo`boc mh`glfo hmcbmo `fpmo/vfotrmn (`mrb `mnml df numr) m.
L. rfktus mh`glbobs (dbrb-dmomo nbofm lf`bmom) -
Pfrsusuo lflmoimoc `mrbkgstmf 6-3 df sylpjbsbs puhbs
-
@bhuocdus vmcbom l. rfktb mh`glbobs
-
Euoc Eu ocsb sb 9 Lfomrbd Lfomrbd `m`m `m`m smmt smmt fdsp fd spbrm brmsb, sb, lfocm lfocmocd ocdmt mt pfnvbs pfnvbs,, motf mo tfenf enfdsb dsb kgnu kg nulo lomm vfrtf vf rtfhr hrmnb mnbs, s, lflhmo lflhmotu tu rgtms rgtmsbb rgoc rgoccm cm `m`m `m`m
h.
L. trmosvfrsus mh`glbobs
k.
L. ghnbquus botfrous mh`glbobs
`.
L. ghnbquus fdstfrous mh`glbobs
Gtgt pfoyusuo `bo`boc mh`glfo hmcbmo hfnmdmoc/`grsmn (`mrb `mnml df numr) =. L. psgms lmigr `mo l psgms lbogr 8. L. qum`rmtus nulhgrul ;. L. frfktgr truokb 0. L. nmtbssblus `grsb
=8
Cmlhmr 8.=. Gtgt Qfoyusuo @bo`boc Mh`glfo
0. Emskbm9 (`mrb numr) m. supfrebsbmn mh`glbobs (vfotrmn) h. supfrebsbmn `grsb (`grsmn) k.
trmosvfrsm mh`glbobs (`mnml)
`. @mnml emskbm trmosvfrsm mh`glbobs < pfrbtgoful pmrbftmnf
Cmlhmr 8.8. Emskbm
=;
H. Prmulm Mh`glfo
Prmulm m`mnmj dfm`mmo ymoc `bsfhmhdmo gnfj nudm mtmupuo kf`frm. Prmulm mh`glfo `b`febobsbdmo sfhmcmb dfrusmdmo tfrjm`mp strudtur ymoc tfrnftmd `bmotmrm `bmermclm `mo pfnvbs ymoc `bmdbhmtdmo gnfj nudm tulpun mtmu ymoc lfousud Prmulm pm`m `bo`boc mh`glfo tfr`brb `mrb 9 =.
Dgotusbg `bo`boc mh`glfo `bsfhmhdmo trmulm ogo-pfoftrmsb Dgotusbg `bo`boc mh`glfo tb`md tfr`mpmt kf`frm botrm mh`glfo, dfluocdbomo tfrim`b fdsblgsbs mtmu pfoblhuomo `mrmj `mnml imrbocmo nuomd `mo lmsm `mrmj `mpmt lfoyfrupmb tulgr.
8.
Nmsfrmsb, Ibdm tfr`mpmt nudm pm`m `bo`boc mh`glfo ymoc lfoflhus rgoccm mh`glfo jmrus `b fdspngrmsb. Mtmu tfrim`b dmrfom trmulm pfoftrmsb. Prmulm Mh`glfo m`mnmj tfrim`boym mtmu dfrusmdmo pm`m grcmo mh`glfo ymoc `mpmt lfoyfhmhdmo pfruhmjmo ebsbgngcb sfjboccm tfrim`b cmoccumo lftmhgnbslf, dfnmbomo blgogngcb `mo cmoccumo emmn hfrhmcmb grcmo. Prmulm mh`glfo pm`m bsb mh`glfo, lfourut lfourut [u``mrtj & Hruoofr Hruoofr (8118), ymbtu9 m. Qfregrmsb grcmo vbsfrmn botrmpfrbtgoful Kf`frm pm`m bsb mh`glfo luocdbo `b sfrtmb gnfj hudtb m`moym kf`frm pm`m `bo`boc mh`glfo. h. Nudm tusud (trmulm pfoftrmsb) pm`m mh`glfo k. Kf`frm tjgrmd mh`glfo [ftbmp nudm pm`m tjgrmds ymoc luocdbo lfoflhus smymp dbrb `bmermclm, mtmu smymp dmomo `mo jmtb jmrus `bfdspngrmsb.
=0
K. Dnmsbebdmsb Prmulm Pflhus Mh`glfo
Prmulm pm`m mh`glfo) `mpmt `b hmcb lfoim`b `um ifobs, ymbtu9 =.
Prmulm pfoftrmsb (trmulm pfrut `focmo pfoftrmsb df`mnml rgoccm pfrbtgobul) m. Nudm Pusud h. Nudm Pflhmd
8. Prmulm ogo-pfoftrmsb (trmulm tulpun) @. Qmtgebsbgngcb Nudm Pusud Mh`glfo
Ibdm tfrim`b trmulm pfoftrmsb mtmu ogo-pfoftrmsb dfluocdbomo mdmo tfrim`b pfo`mrmjmo botrm mh`glfo ymoc sfrbus, pmsbfo mdmo lflpfrnbjmtdmo tmo`m-tmo`m brbtmsb brbtmsb ymoc `bsfrtmb pfouruomo jbtuoc sfn `mrmj lfrmj ymoc mdjbroym cmlhmrmo dnmsbd sygd jflgrmcbd. Hbnm sumtu grcmo vbsfrmn lfocmnmlb pfregrmsb, lmdm tmo`m-tmo`m pfregrmsb, tmo`m-tmo`m brbtmsb pfrbtgobul kfpmt tmlpmd. Pmo`m-tmo`m `mnml trmulm mh`glfo tfrsfhut lfnbputb oyfrb tfdmo, oyfrb spgotmo, oyfrb nfpms `mo `bstfosb mh`glfo tmopm hbsboc usus hbnm tfnmj tfrim`b pfrbtgobtbs ulul.Hbnm sygd tfnmj nmoiut pmsbfo mdmo lfocmnmlb tmdbdmr`b `mo pfobocdmtmo suju tuhuj, iucm tfr`mpmt nfudgsbtgsbs. Hbmsmoym tmo`m-tmo`m pfrbtgobtbs luocdbo hfnul tmlpmd. Qm`m emsf mwmn pfregrmsb dfkbn jmoym tmo`m-tmo`m tb`md djms ymoc luokun. Hbnm tfr`mpmt dfkurbcmmo hmjwm lmsud rgoccm mh`glfo, lmdm gpfrmsb jmrus `bnmdudmo (Mlfrbkmo Kgnnfcf ge [urcfgos, 8110) Prmulm tmiml mtmu tusudmo hfo`m tmiml lflhfrb ifims pm`m dutbs `mo suhdutbs, hbnm nfhbj `mnml mdmo lfnbhmtdmo gtgt mh`glfo, `mo tusudmo nfhbj `mnml mdmo lfoflhus pfrbtgoful `mo lmlpu lfokf`frmb grcmo botrmpfrbtgofmn mtmu luocdbo nmocsuoc lfokf`frmb grcmo rftrgpfrbtgofmn hbnm trmulm hfrmsmn `mrb mrmj hfnmdmoc. [mocmt imrmoc `btflub trmulm tmiml ymoc lfoflhus `mrb ludm smlpmb hfnmdmoc `bo`boc mh`glfo mtmu sfhmnbdoym (Mlfrbkmo Kgnnfcf ge [urcfgos, 8110)
=6
Prmulm tmiml `bo`boc mh`glfo mdmo lfoblhundmo pfr`mrmjmo bo sbtu, hbnm trmulm lfoflhus pfrbtgoful, luocdbo tfr`mpmt pgnms glfotul. Prmulm tmiml `mpmt `focmo lu`mj lfokf`frmb jfpmr, lfsfotfrbul `mo lfsgdgngo, cmstfr, pmokrfms mtmu hunb-hunb, omluo dmrfom sbemt lghbnbtmsoym, imrmoc lfokf`frmb usus jmnus, dgngo, nblpm `mo cboimn. Mdbhmt `mrb trmulm tmiml pm`m ululoym m`mnmj pfr`mrmjmo ymoc tfrpmotmu, mtmu hbnm ymoc tfrdfom kf`frm m`mnmj cmstfr, mdmo `b`mpmtb pfoyfhmrmo msml nmlhuoc `mnml rgoccm pfrbtgoful, ymoc mdmo lflhfrb pfrmocsmocmo ymoc kudup jfhmt, hfrupm tmo`m -tmo`m pfrbtgobtbs. Nudm tusud mdmo lfocmdbhmtdmo dfrusmdmo imrbocmo dmrfom nmsfrmsb mtmupuo tfrpgtgoc. Nudm tusud tfrsfrboc lfocfomb jfpmr (01%), usus jmnus (;1%), `bmermclm (81%) `mo kgngo (=6%) (Mlfrbkmo Kgnnfcf ge [urcfgos, 8110)
F. Lmobefstmsb Dnbobs
Lmobefstmsb dnbobs lfourut (Mlfrbkmo Kgnnfcf ge [urcfgos, 8110) =.
Qfouruomo dfsm`mrmo (lmnmbsf, nftmrcb, cfnbsmj) ymoc `bsfhmhdmo gnfj dfjbnmocmo `mrmj `mo tmo`m-tmo`m mwmn sjgkd jflgrmcbd.
E.
8.
Jbnmocoym sfnuruj mtmu sfhmcbmo euocsb grcmo.
;.
Xfspgo strfs sblpmtbs.
0.
Qfr`mrmjmo `mo pflhfdumo `mrmj.
6.
Dgotmlbomsb hmdtfrb `mo dflmtbmo sfn.
Qfobnmbmo Nudm Pusud Mh`glfo
=.
Momlofsbs Hbnm lfofnbtb pmsbfo `focmo trmulm tmiml, momlofsf ymoc tfnbtb jmrus `bmrmjdmo
pm`m
wmdtu
tfrim`boym
trmulm,
ifobs
sfoimtm
ymoc
`bpfrcuomdmo, imrmd `mrb pfnmdu, iulnmj tbdmlmo `mo iulnmj pfr`mrmjmo fdstfromn ymoc tfrkmtmt `b tflpmt dfim`bmo. Hbnm luocdbo, boegrlmsb tmlhmjmo jmrus `bpfrgnfj `mrb pmsbfo lfocfomb jfhmtoym
=5
lmupuo ngdmsb `mrb sftbmp oyfrb mh`glbomnoym `mo mpmdmj m`m oyfrb mnbj. (Mlfrbkmo Kgnnfcf ge [urcfgos, 8110) 8.
Qflfrbdsmmo Ebsbd m.
Bospfdsb Vluloym pmsbfo jmrus `bpfrbdsm tmopm pmdmbmo. Mh`glfo hmcbmo `fpmo `mo hfnmdmoc, `m`m hmcbmo hmwmj `mo pfrboful `btfnbtb hmcmblmomdmj nmsfrmsboym, nbmoc tusudmooym, m`mdmj hfo`m msboc ymoc lfomokmp, `mo mpmdmj m`m glfotul mtmupuo hmcbmo usus ymoc dfnumr.
h.
Fvmnumsb Nudm Pusud Nudm tusudmo pbsmu hbmsmoym `btmocmob nfhbj sfnfdtbe, mdmo tftmpb ;1% dmsus lfocmnmlb kf`frm botrmpfrbtgofmn. Hbnm m`m dfkurbcmmo hmjwm nudm tusud ymoc tfrim`b sbemtoym supfrebkbmn `mo omlpmdoym omlpmdo ym tb`md lfoflhus nmpbsmo gtgt `bo`boc mh`glfo, hbmsmoym mjnb hf`mj ymoc hfrpfocmnmlmo mdmo lfokghm uotud lfnmdudmo fdspngrmsb nudm tfrnfhbj `mjunu uotud lfofotudmo df`mnmlmooym. Mdmo tftmpb, dmrfom 86-;;% nudm tusud `bmh`glfo `fpmo tb`md lfoflhus pfrbtgoful, nmpmrgtglb pm`m pmsbfo sfpfrtb bob lfoim`b durmoc prg`udtbe. @focmo dgo`bsb stfrbn, mofstfsb ngdmn `bsuotbddmo `mo imnur nudm `bbdutb smlpmb `btfludmo uiuocoym. Hbnm tfrhudtb pfrbtgoful tflhus, pmsbfo lfocmnmlb rbsbdg nfhbj hfsmr uotud kf`frm botrmmh`glbomn, `mo hmoymd mjnb hf`mj lfocmoccmp bob su`mj bo`bdmsb uotud lfnmdsmomdmo nmpmrmtglb. [ftbmp mpsbfo ymoc sunbt dbtm fdspngrmsb sfkmrm ngdmn dmrfom cflud, tb`md dggpfrmtbe lmupuo dmrfom pfr`mrmjmo imrbocmo nuodm ymoc lfocmhurdmo pfobnmbmo dbtm jmrus `brmwmt uotud fvmnumsb unmoc mtmumpuo uotud nmpmrmtglb.
k.
Qflfrbdsmmo Z-Xmy uotud [krffoboc Prmulm Pmiml
=3
Qmsbfo nudm tusud `focmo jflg`bomlbd ymoc mhogrlmn tb`dm lflfrnudmo pflfrbdsmmo skrffoboc x-rmy. Qm`m pmsbfo nudm tusud `bmtms ulhbnbkus mtmu `bkurbcmb `focmo kf`frm tjgrmkgmh`glbomn `focmo jflg`bomlbd ymoc ogrlmn, rgotcfo egtg tjgrmd tfcmd hfrlmoemmt
uotud
lfoybocdbrdmo dfluocdbomo
jflg
mtmu
pofulgtjgrmd, mtmupuo uotud `gdulfotmsb m`moym u`mrm hfhms botrmpfrbtgofmn.
C.
Qflfrbdsmmo @bmcogstbd Qm`m Prmuom Pmiml
=. Kf`frm tjgrmx hmcbmo hmwmj Votud pmsbfo ymoc msblptglmtbd `focmo dfkurbcmmo kf`frm pm`m `bmermclm `mo strudtur mh`glfo hmcbmo mtms `bpfrnudmo pflfrbdsmmo ebsbd lmupuo tjgrmd egtg hfrunmoc, tjgrmkgsdgpb mtmupuo nmpmrgsdgpb mtmupuo pflfrbdsmmo KP skmo. @focmo pflfrbdsmmo `bmtmspuo dbtm lmsbj hbsm lfofludmo m`moym jfrobm `bmermclm sfhfnmj dbrb dmrfom nudm tusud tjgrmkgmh`glbomn, sfjboccm uotud nudm sfpfrtb bob gpsb nmbo `bpfrnudmo ymbtu fdspngrmsb hf`mj 8. Fdspngrmsb ngdmn nudm 66-56% pmsbfo nudm tusud tflhus mh`glfo `fpmo mdmo lfocmnmlb jbpgtfosb, pfrbtgobtbs mtmupuo fvbskfrmsb glfotul lmupuo usus jmnus. Votud pmsbfo sfpfrtb bob jmrus sfcfrm `bnmdudmo nmpmrgtglb. Votud pmsbfo sfnfhbjoym, sfsu`mj dgoebrlmsb m`moym nudm tusud tflhus pfrbtgoful sfsu`mj lfnmdudmo fdspngrmsb ngdmn nudm, sftfocmjoym iucm mdmo lfocmnmlb nmpmrgtglb. Nmpmrgtglb bob lfrupmdmo smnmj smtu gpsb ymoc rfnfvmo uotud sflum pmsbfo bob. Votud pmsbfo ymoc rfnmtbe msblptglmtbd (dfkumnb rmsm oyfrb mdbhmt tusudmo), gpsb `bmcogstbd ymoc tb`md bovmsbvf m`mnmj pflfrbdsmmo ebsbd `bmcogstbd sfrbmn `mnml 80 iml, @QN lmupuo nmpmrgsdgpb `bmcogstbd. Qflfrbdsmmo ebsbd `bmcogstbd sfrbmn lflhutujdmo sulhfr `mym lmousbm ymoc hfsmr, tftmpb `focmo
=:
dftmimlmo sfhfsmr 20%. @focmo @QN hbsm `bpfrgnfj `bmcogsm nfhbj `bob pm`m pmsbfo ymoc msblptglmtbd `mo dftmimlmo lfokmpmb 21% hbnm lfoccuomdmo
jbtuoc
ifobs
sfn
sfpfrtb
pm`m
trmulm
tulpun.
Nmpmrgsdgpb `bmcogstbd hbsm lfocdgoebrlmsb mtmupuo lfoybocdbrdmo tflhusoym pfrbtgoful, tftmpb durmoc hfrlmdom uotud lfocfomnb kf`frm tfrtfotu. J.
Qfomtmnmdsmommo
[fsumb M`vmokf` [fsumb M`vmokf` Prmulm Nbef [uppgrt , `mnml (BDMHB, 8110) pfomocmomo ymoc pfotboc uotud trmulm tmiml pm`m mh`glfo, ymbtu 9 =.
Lfocflhmnbdmo euocsb vbtmn `mo gptblmnbsmsb gdsbcfomsb `mo pfreusb imrbocmo.
8.
Lfofotudmo lfdmobslf trmulm.
;.
Qflfrbdsmmo ebsbd ymoc jmtb-jmtb `mo `bunmoc hfrdmnm.
0.
Lfofotudmo kmrm `bmcogstbd ymoc djusus hbnm `bpfrnudmo `mo `bnmdudmo `focmo kfpmt.
6.
Pftmp wmspm`m mdmo dfluocdbomo m`moym kf`frm vmsdunfr lmupuo rftrgpfrbtgofmn ymoc tfrsflhuoyb.
5.
[fcfrm lfofotudmo hbnm `bpfrnudmo gpfrmsb.
Cmlhmr 8.;. Lmomiflfo Prmulm Pflhus
=2
B.
Jgspbtmn `mo J gspbtmn gspbtmn Qfomocmomo Qrf Jgspbtmn m.
Qrf J gspbtmn gspbtmn
=) Mbrwmy 8)
@focmo
dgotrgn
tunmoc
hfnmdmoc.
Lflhudm
imnmo
ompms
lfoccuomdmo tfdobd ‟jfm` tbnt kjbo nbet‗ mtmu lfofocm`mjdmo dfpmnm `mo lfocmocdmt `mcu, pfrbdsm m`mdmj hfo`m msboc ymoc `mpmt
lfocmdbhmtdmo
tfrtutupoym
imnmo
ompms.
Luotmjmo,
lmdmomo, `mrmj mtmu hfo`m msboc nmbooym ;)
Hrfmtjboc
0)
@focmo vfotbnmsb ymoc m`fdumt. Lflfrbdsm pfrompmsmo `focmo lfoccuomdmo kmrm ‟nbjmt-`focmr‟nbjmt-`focmr-rmsmdmo‗ rmsmdmo‗ tb`md nfhbj `mrb =1 `ftbd uotud lflmstbdmo mpmdmj m`m ompms mtmu tb`md. [fnmoiutoym nmdudmo pflfrbdsmmo stmtus rfspbrmsb dgrhmo (dfkfpmtmo, rbtlf `mo m`fdumt tb`mdoym pfrompmsmo).
6)
Kbrkunmtbgo
5)
@focmo dgotrgn pfr`mrmjmo jfhmt. Ibdm pfrompmsmo dgrhmo tfrsfocmn-sfocmn `mo tb`md m`fdumt, lmdm hmotumo ompms `mpmt `bnmdudmo. Ibdm tb`md m`m tmo`m-tmo`m sbrdunmsb, nmdudmo rfsusbtmsb imotuoc pmru sfcfrm. Xmsbg dglprfsb `m`m `mo hmotumo ompms `mnml XIQ m`mnmj ;1 9 8 (;1 dmnb dglprfsb `m`m `mo 8 dmnb hmotumo ompms). Qfoftrmsb (trmulm tmiml)
=)
Hbnm tfrim`b nudm tusud, lmdm tusudmo (pbsmu mtmu hfo`m tmiml nmbooym) tb`md hgnfj `bkmhut dfkumnb `focmo m`moym tbl lf`bs.
8)
Qfomocmomooym hbnm tfrim`b nudm tusud kudup `focmo lfnbnbtdmo `focmo dmbo dmssm pm`m `mfrmj motmrm pbsmu uotud lflebdsmsb pbsmu sfjboccm tb`md lflpfrpmrmj nudm.
;)
Hbnm m`m usus mtmu grcmo nmbo ymoc dfnumr, lmdm grcmo tfrsfhut tb`md `bmoiurdmo `blmsuddmo dflhmnb df`mnml tuhuj, dflu`bmo
81
grcmo ymoc dfnumr `mrb `mnml tfrsfhut `bhmnut dmbo hfrsbj mtmu hbnm m`m vfrhmo stfrbn. 0)
Blghbnbsmsb pmsbfo.
6)
Pb`md `bmoiurdmo lflhfrb lmdmo `mo lboul.
5)
Mpmhbnm m`m nudm tfrhudm nmbooym lmdm hmnut nudm.
3)
Dbrbl df rulmj smdbt.
h. Jgspbtmn
=)
Hbnm m`m `ucmmo hmjwm m`m nudm tflhus `bo`boc mh`glfo, sfgrmoc mjnb hf`mj ymoc hfrpfocmnmlmo mdmo lflfrbdsm nudmoym sfkmrm ngdmn uotud lfofotudmo `mnmloym nudm. Qflfrbdsmmo bob smocmt hfrcuom hbnm m`m nudm lmsud `mo nudm dfnumr ymoc hfr`fdmtmo.
8)
[drbooboc pflfrbdsmmo rgotcfo. Egtg
rgotcfo
tgrmd
tfcmd
hfrcuom
uotud
lfoybocdbrdmo
dfluocdbomo jflg mtmu pofulgtgrmds mtmu uotud lfofludmo m`moym u`mrm botrmpfrbtgobul. [frtm rgotcfo mh`glfo smlhbn tb`ur (supbof) uotud lfofotudmo imnmo pfnuru mtmu m`moym u`mrm rftrgpfrbtgoful. ;)
BUQ mtmu Vrgcrml Fxkrftgry `mo KP [kmooboc Bob `b nmdudmo uotud lfocftmujb ifobs kf`frm cboimn ymoc m`m.
I.
Dglpnbdmsb
Mdbhmt `mrb trmulm tmiml pm`m ululoym m`mnmj pfr`mrmjmo ymoc tfrpmotmu, mtmu hbnm ymoc tfrdfom kf`frm m`mnmj cmstfr, mdmo `b`mpmtb pfoyfhmrmo msml nmlhuoc `mnml rgoccm pfrbtgoful, ymoc mdmo lflhfrb pfrmocsmocmo ymoc kudup jfhmt, hfrupm tmo`m-tmo`m pfrbtgobtbs, [ygd [ ygd iucm mdmo tfrim`b mpmhbnm pmsbfo tb`md `bnmdudmo rfsusbtmsb sfkfpmt luocdbo sfrtm boefdsb.
8=
BU. Dgosfp Dfpfrmwmtmo M. Qfocdmibmo
B`fotbebdmsb Lfnbputb9 =.
Pcn lmsud Xulmj [mdbt
8.
Iml lmsud Xulmj [mdbt
;. Oglgr Xfcbstfr 0.
Ifobs dmsus (hf`mj/ogo hf`mj)
6.
@bmcogsm Lf`bs (@bmcogsm lf`bd smmt dnbfo lmsud `mo smmt pfocdmibmo
5.
Hbg`mtm m.
B`fotbtms Qmsbfo (omlm nfocdmp, ifobs dfnmlbo, ulur / tmoccmn nmjbr, dmwbo / hfnul dmwbo, mcmlm, sudu / hmocsm, pfo`b`bdmo, pfo`mpmtmo, pfdfrimmo, oglgr msdfs, mnmlmt)
h.
B`fotbtms Dfnumrcm/Qfocmotmr (omlm nfocdmp, ifobs dfnmlbo, ulur / tmoccmn nmjbr, mcmlm, sudu / hmocsm, pfo`b`bdmo, pfo`mpmtmo, pfdfrimmo, juhuocmo `focmo pmsbfo, mnmlmt)
3.
Xbwmymt Dfsfjmtmo m. Dfnujmo Lmsud Dfnujmo lmsud m`mnmj dfnujmo ymoc lfocbrbl dnbfo uotud `brmwmt `b X[. h. Xbwmymt Dfnujmo Lmsud
:. [urvfy Qrblfr Mb rwmy 9
Mpmdmj m`m tmo`m-tmo`m sulhmtmo imnmo omems Mpmdmj tfr`focmr huoyb strb`gr Mpmdmj m`m tmo`m-tmo`m dfhfrm`mmo hfo`m msboc, `mrmj, luotmj `mnml lunut
Mpmdmj imnmo ompms pmtfo
88
Hrfmtjboc
Mpmdmj m`m jflhusmo u`mrm `r jb`uoc (effn) Qfocflhmocmo `m`m (nggd) Mpmdmj tfr`focmr sumrm ompms (nbstfo) Erfdufosb ompms Xftrmdsb botfrkgstmn Huoyb ompms (ocgrgd, hfrsbun, lfcmp, `nn) Qfoccuommo gtgt-gtgt mdsfsgrb pfrompmsmo [umrm ompms tmlhmjmo (Xgokjb, wjffzboc, Xmnfs, `nn) Kbrkunmtbgo
Mpmdmj m`m pfr`mrmjmo/tb`md Mpmdmj m`m punsm dmrgtbs, om`b rm`bmn Mpmdmj om`b tfrmhm/tb`md Dumnbtms om`b (nflmj/dumt/dfkbn) Mdrmn (Jmocmt/`bocbo) Qfocbsbmo dmpbnfr (> ; `ftbd / ? ; `ftbd) Mpmdmj m`m tmo`m-tmo`m sygd (om`b nflmj `mo kfpmt, om`b nfhbj `mrb =11x/lfobt pm`m `fwmsm)
Mpmdmj dunbt tfrmhm `bocbo mtmu jmocmt Mpmdmj dunbt tmlpmd pukmt mtmu dfhbru-hbrumo Mpmdmj pmsbfo tb`md sm`mr mtmu omlpmd lfocmotud @bsmhbnbty @bsmhbnbty 4 cuomdmo cuomdmo M UQV
M ‛ Mnfrt Mnfrt (imcm) ‛ (imcm) ‛ mpmdmj mpmdmj dnbfo lfocfrtb mpm ymoc mo`m smlpmbdmo M ‛ Ugbkf (sumrm) ‛ ‛ mpmdmj mpmdmj lfrfdm hbsm hfrhbkmrm pm`m mo`m U ‛ Ugbkf (sumrm) Q ‛ Qmbo (oyfrb) Qmbo (oyfrb) ‛ ‛ mpmdmj mpmdmj dnbfo hfrfspgo tfrjm`mp oyfrb Q ‛
8;
Vorfspgosbvf (tb`md hfrfspgo) ‛ hfrfspgo) ‛ mpmdmj mpmdmj pmsbfo tb`md sm`mr mtmu V ‛ Vorfspgosbvf (tb`md tb`md hfrfspgo
Kfd udurmo pupbn, mpmdmj udurmo smlm/tb`md, mpmdmj hfrfmdsb tfrjm`mp kmjmym (lfocfkbn).
CK[ (Cnmscgw Kglm [kmnf) 2. [urvfy [fduo`fr m. MLQNF Mnnfrcbfs (mnfrcb) Mnnfrcbfs (mnfrcb) Lf`bkmtbgo (ghmt-ghmtmo) Lf`bkmtbgo (ghmt-ghmtmo) jbstgry (rbwmymt sbocdmt pfoymdbt, dfkfnmdmmo, tbo`mdmo Qmst jbstgry pflhf`mjmo, `mo pfrmwmtmo sfnmlm smdbt (wmdtu tfrmdjbr lmdmo `mo lboul) Nmst tblf mtf gr `rmod (wmdtu
Fvfot (mpm
ymoc
lfoyfhmhdmo
tfrim`boym
dfkfnmdmmo7
Dfkfnmdmmo dfo`mrmmo, nudm hmdmr, `nn h. Qflfrbdsmmo Ebsbd ( Fdspgsurf) Fdspgsurf)
Dfm`mmo ulul 9 Bospfdsb smmt dgotmd pfrtmlm `focmo dnbfo (Pmlpmd dfm`mmo ulul tb`md smdbt, dfm`mmo smdbt rbocmo, smdbt sf`moc, mtmu nflmj)
PPU (Pfdmomo `mrmj, Om`b, Qfrompmsmo, [uju) Hfrmt Hm`mo Pboccb Hm`mo Dfpmnm =)
Xfmdsb pupbn tfrjm`mp kmjmym, udurmo
8)
Mpmdmj m`m nudm, @fegrlbtms/kmkmt, lflmr, pflhfocdmdmo, tunmoc ymoc pfoyfd df `mnml
;)
Mpmdmj m`m kmbrmo ymoc dfnumr `mrb tfnbocm mtmu jb`uoc
0)
Qfrbdsm m`moym oyfrb tfdmo
80
6)
Vdur Cnmscgw Kglm [kmn
Nfjfr =) Pmo`m-tmo`m boiury spbomn 8) Mpmdmj m`m nudm, `fegrlbtms, lflmr, `mo pflhfocdmdmo ;) Mpmdmj m`m `bstfosb/pfoccflhuocmo `mrb vfom nfjfr 0) Qfrjmtbdmo pgsbsb trmdjfm ‛ mpmdmj `btfocmj-tfocmj mtmu tfr`grgoc df smnmj smtu sbsb 6) Xmsmdmo mpmdmj m`m u`mrm `b hmwmj dunbt (flpbsflm suhdutmo)
@m`m =) Jmsbn pflfrbdsmmo FDC 8) Dfkfpmtmo omems, upmym omems ;) Qfocflhmocmo `m`m (sblftrbs/tb`md) 0) Mpmdmj m`m nudm, `fegrlbtms, lflmr, hfocdmd, mtmu `fprfsb tunmoc (tunmoc lmsud df `mnml) 6) Huoyb ompms
Qfrut =) Mpmdmj
m`m
nudm,
lflmr,
hfocdmd
pm`m
dunbt,
mtmu
pflhfsmrmo pm`m sfnuruj pfrut (`bstfosb) 8) Mpmdmj m`m sdmr (hfdms nudm) ymoc nmlm, Hbsboc usus, prbstmntbd usus ;) Oyfrb pm`m dum`rmo mh`glfo, dfdmdumo, mtmu tmlpmd sbdmp lfoimcm mrfm pfrut ymoc lfocbo`bdmsb pfr`mrmjmo pm`m pfrut.
Qfnvbs, Xfdtul `mo Cfobtmn =) Mpmdmj m`m nudm, `fegrlbtms, mtmu lflmr 8) Mpmdmj m`m pfr`mrmjmo `mrb urftjrm ;) Mpmdmj m`m pfr`mrmjmo sfdbtmr sdrgtul, rfdtul, mtmu vmcbom
86
0) Mpmdmj m`m ermdtur mtmu `bsngdmsb
Nfocmo `mo tuocdmb =) Mpmdmj m`m nudm, `fegrlbtms, lflmr, mtmu pflhfocdmdmo 8) Mpmdmj m`m oyfrb tfdmo7 Mpmdmj pmsbfo `mpmt lfrmsmdmo sfosmsb sfotujmo ymoc mo`m nmdudmo7 Qfrcfrmdmo sfo`b ;) Om`b pfrbefr m`m/tb`md 0) [uju moccgtm cfrmd, tmocmo, `mo dmdb7 Qmoms mtmu `bocbo
Quoccuoc =) Mpmdmj m`m nudm, `fegrlbtms, lflmr, pflhfocdmdmo, `fprfsb tunmoc 8) Mpmdmj m`m pfr`mrmjmo ymoc hfrmsmn `mrb mous ;) Mpmdmj m`m oyfrb tfdmo ;. Qflfrbdsmmo `bmcogstbd
Qflfrbdsmmo Z-Xmy uotud [krffoboc Prmulm Pmiml Qflfrbdsmmo sfrul9 jmn bob `bnmdudmo dmrfom m`m pm`m pmsbfo `focmo nudm hmdmr lfocmnmlb dfjbnmocmo vgnulf
Qflfrbdsmmo `mrmj lbsmn
pm`m
pmsbfo
`focmo
nudm
cbcbtmo
`mpmt
`biulpmb
jbpgprgtgtrglhboflbm, trglhgsbtgpfobm, jbpgebhrbogcflbm, `mo moflbm
Qflfrbdsmmo fnfdtrgnbt 9 pm`m pmsbfo `focmo nudm hmdmr lfocmnmlb dfjbnmocmo vgnulf kmbrmo `mo cmoccumo Om-D pulp
Momnbsm cms `mrmj hbmsmoym pmsbfo nudm hmdmr tfrim`b msb`gsbs lftmhgnbslf `mo dfjbnmocm prgtfbo
Emmn jmtb `mo cboimn KHK lfocb`fotbebdmsbdmo iulnmj `mrmj ymoc df `mnml kmbrmo, pfourumo JKP `mo XHK, trglhgsbtgpfobm ngdmn, nfudgsbtgsbs, XHK ymoc rusmd
85
Fnfdtgnbt tfrim`b pfouruomo kmnsbul `mo sfrul, pfobocdmtmo mndmnb pjgspjmtf
[frul mnhulbo 9 tgtmn prgtfbo lfouruo, jbpgomtrflbm Xm`bgngcb 9 uotud lfocftmjub pfoulpudmo kmbrmo pmru, bojmnms msmp `mo lfouoiuddmo emdtgr ymoc lfo`msmrb 4 pm`m pmsbfo vunous lgrsul hbmsmoym tfr`mpmt flhgnb pmru/f`flm pmru
FKC 9 uotud lfocftmjub m`moym mrbtlbm H . @bmcogsm dffrmwmtmo `mo Xfokmom dfpfrmwmtmo (Mpnb dmsb dmsb Omo`m, OB K `mo OGK)
=. Hfrsbjmo imnmo omems, Dftb`mdfefdtbemo @febobsb9 Dftb`mdlmlpumo uotud lflhfrsbjdmo sfdrfsb mtmu ghstrudsb `mrb
smnurmo pfromemsmo uotud lflfnbjmrm imnmo omems ymoc hfrsbj Hmtmsmo Hmtmsmo dmrmdtfrb stbd
[uhyfdtbe @bspofm Qfruhmjmo pm`m brmlm `mo rmtm-rmtm pfromemsmo [bmogsbs Dfsunbtmo uotud hfrsumrm Dftfrhmtmsmo sumrm pfromemsmo Pb`md `mpmt hfrbstbrmjmt E mdtgr ymoc hf hfrj uhuocmo
9 spmslf imnmo omems, pfoculpunmo sfdrfsb, ludus Imnmo ome ms tfr tfr ghstr ghstr ud sb hfrnfhbj, m`mo ym imnmo omems humtmo, hu mtmo, tfr`mpmt hfo`m msboc pm`m pm` m imnmo omems, sfdrfsb pm`m hrgodjb, fdsu`mt pm`m mnvfgnb J msbn msbn ymoc ymoc @b smrmodmo O GK
[tmtus pfromemsmo9 Ufotbnmsb9 pfrcfrmdmo Ufotbnmsb9 pfrcfrmdmo u`mrm lmsud `mo dfnumr pmru-pmru Qfrbnmdu lfocgotrgn cfimnm9 tbo`mdmo pfrsgomn uotud lflboblmndmo pfruhmjmo smlpbocmo ymoc `b`mpmt pm`m euocsb ebsbd `mo flgsb
83
Qfrbnmdu pfrmwmtmo9 Qfoymdbt mtmu kf`frm9 tbo`mdmo pfrsgomn uotud lfocurmocb mtmu lfocjbnmocdmo pmtgngcb Qrb grb tms B otfrvfos otfrvfosbb OB K
Mdtbebtms Dfpfrmwmtmo Qfocdmibmo9
Qfocfngnmmo imnmo omems (OBK)9 (OBK)9 =. Dmib `mo `gdulfotmsbdmo jmn-jmn hfrbdut bob9 Dffefdtbemo pflhfrbmo gdsbcfo `mo pfrmwmtmo ymoc nmbo Dffefdtbemo lf`bdmsb ymoc `brfsfpdmo Dfkfo`fruocmo pm`m cms `mrmj mrtfrb 8. Musduntmsb hmcbmo `m`m motfrbgr `mo pgstfrbgr uotud lfocftmjub m`moym pfouruomo mtmu tb`md m`moym vfotbnmsb `mo m`moym sumrmsumrm tmlhmjmo (OBK) [mdsbgo imnmo omems9 ;. Pfotudmo dfhutujmo smdsbgo grmn `mo/mtmu trmdfmn 0. Lgobtgr stmtus gdsbcfo pmsbfo (tbocdmt [mG8 `mo [vG8) `mo stmtus jflg`bomlbd (tbocdmt LMQ Tlfmo Tlfmo mrftfrbmn prfssurf\ prfssurf\ `mo brmlm imotuoc) sfcfrm sfhfnul, sfnmlm `mo sftfnmj smktbgo 6. Qfrjmtbdmo tbpf `mo iulnmj sfdrfsb ymoc `bdulpundmo Qfo`b`bdmo uotud pmsbfo/Dfnumrcm9
5. Ifnmsdmo pfoccuommo pfrmnmtmo pfo`uduoc `focmo hfomr (lbsmnoym gdsbcfo, smdsbgo, spbrglftfr, smdsbgo, spbrglftfr, bojmnfr, botofrlbttfot pgsbtbvf prfssurf hrfmtjboc TBQQH\Boegrlmsbdmo pm`m pmsbfo `mo dfnumrcm hmjwm lfrgdgd lfrupmdmo dfcbmtmo ymoc `bnmrmoc `b `mnml rumocmo pfrmwmtmo 3. Bostrudsbdmo pm`m pmsbfo `mo dfnumrcm `mnml rfokmom pfrmwmtmo `b rulmj (lbsmnoym lf`bdmsb, jb`rmsb, ofhunbzmtbgo, pfrmnmtmo, `rmbomsf pgsturmn, tmo`m `mo cfimnm dglpnbdmsb, sulhfr-sulhfr `b dgluobtms)
8:
:. Bostrudsbdmo pm`m pmsbfo tfotmoc hmtud `mo tfdobd omems `mnml uotud lflemsbnbtmsb dfnumroym sfdrfsb 2. Mimrdmo pm`m pmsbfo/dfnumrcm tfotmoc pfotbocoym pfruhmjmo pm`m sputul, sfpfrtb wmrom, dmrmdtfrbstbd, iulnmj `mo hmu (OBK) [mdsbgo imnmo omems 9 =1. Bostrudsbdmo pm`m pmsbfo `mo/mtmu dfnumrcm tfotmoc hmcmblmom lfosmdsbgo imnmo omems, sfsumb dfhutujmo Mdtbebtms dgnmhgrmtbe9
==. Xuo`bocdmo `focmo mjnb tfrmpb pfromemsmo, sfsumb dfhutujmo =8. Duosuntmsbdmo `focmo `gdtfr tfotmoc dfhutujmo uotud pfrdusb `mo/mtmu pfrmnmtmo pfo`uduoc =;. Hfrbdmo julbebfr/gdsbcfo sfsumb `focmo dfhbimdmo bostbtusb =0. Pmlpbndmo/hmotu `mnml pflhfrbmo mfrgsgn, untrmsgobk ofhunbzfr, `mo pfrmwmtmo pmru nmbooym sfsumb `focmo dfhbimdmo `mo prgtgdgn bostbtusb =6. Hfrbtmju `gdtfr tfotmoc jmsbn cms `mrmj ymoc mhogrlmn
8. Boefdsb, Xfsbdg @febobsb 9 [umtu dgo`bsb bo`bvb`u lfocmnmlb pfobocdmtmo rfsbdg uotud
tfrsfrmoc grcmobslf pmtgcfobd E mdtgr-emdtgr Xfs Xfsbdg
Qfrtmjmomo tuhuj ymoc tb`md lflm`mb (dunbt tfrnudm, pfruhmjmo pJ pm`m sfdrfsb, pfrbstmnsbs ymoc hfruhmj) Qfrtmjmomo nmpbs df`um ymoc tb`md lflm`mb (jflgcnghbo turuo, nfudgpfobm) Dfrusmdmo imrbocmo `mo pfobocdmtmo pflmpmrmo tfrjm`mp nbocduocmo Prmulm J msbn msbn -jmsbn -jmsbn ymoc ymoc @b smrmodmo O GK
82
Qfocftmjumo9 Qfocfo`mnbmo Qfocftmjumo9 Qfocfo`mnbmo Boefdsb9 Qflmjmlmo lfocfomb pfokfcmjmo `mo pfocfo`mnbmo boefdsb Qfocfo`mnbmo Xfsbdg9 Pbo`mdmo Xfsbdg9 Pbo`mdmo uotud lfocjbnmocdmo mtmu lfocurmocb mokmlmo dfsfjmtmo mdtumn lmupuo pfrsgomn Qrb grbtms B otfrvfos otfrvfosbb OB K
Mdtbebtms-mdtbebtms Dfpfrmwmtmo Qfocdmibmo9
=. Lgobtgr tmo`m-tmo`m/cfimnm boefdsb (suju tuhuj, `foyut imotuoc, pflhumocmo, pfomlpmdmo nudm, sfdrfsb, pfomlpmdmo urbo, suju dunbt, dfnfnmjmo, dfifoujmo) 8. Mlmtb emdtgr-emdtgr ymoc lfobocdmtdmo sfrmocmo boefdsb (usbm, dfdfhmnmo tuhuj, lmnoutrbsb) ;. Lgobtgr jmsbn-jmsbn nmhgrmt (KHK, mocdm crmoungkytf mhsgnut, jmsbnjmsbn `befrfosbmn, prgtfbo sfrul, `mo mnhulbo) 0. Mlmtb dbofrim dfsfjmtmo pfrsgomn uotud pfrnbo`uocmo tfrjm`mp boefdsb Qfo`b`bdmo uotud Qmsbfo/Dfnumrcm9
=. Ifnmsdmo lfocmpm smdbt `mo pfocghmtmo lfobocdmtdmo rfsbdg tfrjm`mp boefdsb 8. Bostrudsbdmo uotud lfoimcm dfsfjmtmo pfrsgomn uotud lfnbo`uocb tuhuj tfrjm`mp boefdsb ;. Boegrlmsbdmo pm`m grmoc tum lfocfomb im`wmn bluobsmsb uotud `yptjfrbm, tftmous, pfrtussbs, pgnbg, kmlpmd `mo ruhfnnm 0.
Ifnmsdmo mnmsmo/dfuotuocmo `mo fefd smlpboc bluobsmsb
6. Mimrdmo
lftg`f
mlmo
pfomocmomo
lmdmomo
pfoyblpmomo (OBK) Qfocfo`mnbmo (OBK) Qfocfo`mnbmo Boefdsb =. Mimrdmo pmsbfo tfdobd-tfdobd pfokukbmo tmocmo
/pfoybmpmo/
;1
8. Mimrdmo dfpm`m pfocuoiuoc uotud lfokukb tmocmo sfwmdtu lmsud `mo lfoboccmndmo rumoc pmsbfo ;. Mimrdmo dfpm`m pmsbfo `mo dfnumrcmoym tmo`m-tmo`m/cfimnm boefdsb `mo dmpmo jmrus lfnmpgrdmooym df pusmt dfsfjmtmo Mdtbebtms Dgnmhgrmtbe9
=. Xuiud pmsbfo/dfnumrcm df nmymomo sgsbmn, dfnglpgd-dfnglpgd pfo`uduoc uotud pfocfngnmmo rulmj ymoc sfjmt 8. Bdutb prgtgdgn pfnmpgrmo tfrjm`mp boefdsb ;. Xuiud df nflhmcm-nflhmcm pfnmymomo sgsbmn lfocfomb pflhbmymmo bluobsmsb (msurmosb `mo dnbobd-dnbobd `fpmrtflfo dfsfjmtmo) (OBK) Qfocfo`mnbmo (OBK) Qfocfo`mnbmo Boefdsb9 Boefdsb9 =. Hfrbdmo tfrmpb motbhbgtbd
;. Oyfrb @febobsb9 pfocmnmlmo
sfosgrb
`mo
flgsbgomn
ymoc
tb`md
lfoyfomocdmo ymoc lfobocdmt mdbhmt m`moym dfrusmdmo imrbocmo ymoc mdtumn mtmu pgtfosbmn mtmu `bcmlhmrdmo `mnml bstbnmj sfpfrtb dfrusmdmo (Botfromtbgomn Mssgkbmtbgo egr tjf [tu`y ge Qmbo)4 Qmbo)4 dfim`bmo ymoc tbhmtbhm mtmu pfrnmjmo `mrb botfosbtms `mrb rbocmo smlpmb hfrmt `focmo mdjbr ymoc `mpmt `bmotbsbpmsb mtmu `mpmt `brmlmndmo `mo `urmsboym durmoc `mrb 5 hunmo Hmtmsmo Hmtmsmo dmrmdtfrb stbd
[uhyfdtbe Lfocuocdmpdmo sfkmrm vfrhmn mtmu lfnmpgrdmo `focmo bsymrmt Ghyfdtbe Motmncbk cfsturfs Qgsbsb motmncbd Qfruhmjmo gtgoglbd `mrb tgous gtgt (`mpmt `mnml rfotmoc nbsnfss smlpmb rbcb`)
;=
Xfspgo-rfspgo
gtgoglbd
(lbsmnoym
`bmegrfsbs4
tfdmomo
`mrmj,
pfromemsmo, mtmu pfruhmjmo om`b4 `bnmtmsb pupbn) Qfruhmjmo pm`m omesu lmdmo `mo lmdmo Qfrbnmdu `bstrmdsb (lbsmnoym pmkboc, lfokmrb grmoc nmbo `mo/mtmu mdtbebtms nmbo, mdtbebtms hfrunmoc) Qfrbnmdu fdsprfsbe (lbsmnoym tb`md `mpmt bstbrmjmt, lfrbotbj, lfomocbs, vbcbnmokf, pfdm tfrjm`mp rmocsmoc, sbocjboc) Pgpfoc wmimj (oyfrb) Qfrbnmdu lfoimcm mtmu lfnbo`uocb Egdus
lfoyflpbt
(lbsmnoym
pfruhmjmo
pm`m
pfrsfpsb
wmdtu,
pfruhmjmo prgsfs ebdbr, pfocurmocmo botfrmdsb `focmo grmoc nmbo mtmu nbocduocmo)
E mdtgr ymoc hf hfrj uhuocmo
Mcfo-mcfo ymoc lfoyfhmhdmo kf`frm (lbsmnoym hbgngcbs, dblbm, ebsbd, psbdgngcbs) J msbn msbn ymoc ymoc `bsmrmodmo `bsmrmodmo OGK
Pbocdmt dfoymlmomo9 pfrmsmmo dfoymlmomo9 pfrmsmmo lu`mj sfkmrm ebsbd `mo psbdgngcbs Qrb grbtms B otfrvfos otfrvfosbb OB K
Mdtbebtms Dfpfrmwmtmo Qfocdmibmo 9
=. Cuomdmo nmpgrmo `mrb `brb pmsbfo sfhmcmb pbnbjmo pfrtmlm uotud lfoculpundmo boegrlmsb pfocdmibmo 8. Pmoym pmsbfo uotud rmtm-rmtm oyfrb/dftb`mdoymlmomo pm`m sdmnm 1 smlpmb =1 (1
;8
0. Dmib pfocmruj mcmlm, hu`mym, dfpfrkmymmo, `mo nbocduocmo tfrjm`mp oyfrb `mo rfspgo pmsbfo 6. @mnml lfocdmib oyfrb pmsbfo, cuomdmo dmtm-dmtm ymoc dgosbstfo `focmo usbm `mo tbocdmt pfrdflhmocmo pmsbfo (OBK) pfocfngnmmo oyfrb 5. Pmlpbndmo pfocdmibmo dglprfjfosbe tfotmoc oyfrb ymoc lfnbputb ngdmsb, dmrmdtfrbstbd, dfim`bmo/`urmsb, erfdufosb, dumnbtms, botfosbtms mtmu dfpmrmjmo oyfrb, `mo emdtgr-emdtgr prfsbpbtmsboym 3. Ghsfrvmsb bsymrmt ogovfrhmn m`moym dftb`mdoymlmomo, djususoym pm`m lfrfdm ymoc tb`md lmlpu uotud lfocdgluobdmsbdmooym sfkmrm fefdtbe Qfo`b`bdmo uotud pmsbfo/dfnumrcm
=. Lmsuddmo pm`m bostrudsb pm`m smmt pflunmocmo pmsbfo tfotmoc lf`bdmsb djusus ymoc jmrus `bdgosulsb, erfdufosb pflhfrbmo, pgtfosbmn fefd smlpboc, pgtfosbmn botfrmdsb ghmt, pfrjmtbmo djusus smmt lfocdgosulsb ghmt tfrsfhut (lbsmnoym pflhmtmsmo mdtbebtms ebsbd, pflhmtmsmo `bft), `mo omlm grmoc ymoc jmrus `bjuhuocb hbnm `biulpmb oyfrb ymoc tb`md tfrtmjmodmo 8. Bostrudsbdmo pmsbfo uotud lfocboegrlmsbdmo pm`m pfrmwmt ibdm pfocurmoc oyfrb tb`md `mpmt `bkmpmb ;. Boegrlmsbdmo
pm`m
pmsbfo
tfotmoc
prgsf`ur
ymoc
`mpmt
lfobocdmtdmo oyfrb `mo tmwmrdmo smrmo dgpboc Mdtbebtms Dgnmhgrmsb
=. Dfngnm oyfrb pgstgpfrmsb mwmn `focmo pflhfrbmo gpbmt ymoc tfrim`wmn (lbsmnoym tbmp 0 iml mtmu ;5 iml) mtmu QKM (OBK) pfocfngnmmo oyfrb9 8. hfrbtmju `gdtfr ibdm mnmt tb`md hfrjmsbn mtmu ibdm oyfrb `brmsmdmo pmsbfo hfrhf`m sfkmrm hfrlmdom `focmo `fo cmo pfocmnmlmo oyfrb pmsbfo `b lmsm nmnu
;;
0. Botfcrbtms Imrbocmo, Dfrusmdmo @febosb9 [umtu
dfm`mmo
`blmo
sfgrmoc
bo`bvb`u
lfocmnmlb
dfrusmdmo pm`m lflhrmo ludgsm, sumtu dgo`bsb `blmom sfsfgrmoc lfocmnmlb pfruhmjmo srudtur tuhuj E mktgr mktgr ymoc ymoc hfrj hfrj uhuocmo
Emdtgr-emdtgr lfdmobd (lbsmn, tfdmomo, symtmo, erbdsb) Dr btfrbm jmsbn jmsbn (O GK)
Lfo`rflgostrmsbdmo botfcrbtms imrbocmo Qrb grb tmsB tmsB otfrvfos otfrvfosbb (OB K)
OBK 9 Qrfssurf Lmomcflfot =. Lgobtgr mdtbvbtms `mo lghbnbsmsb pmsbfo 8. Lgobtgr stmtus outrbsb pmsbfo ;. Dmib nbocduocmo `mo pfrmnmtmo ymoc lfoyfhmhdmo tfdmomo 0. Ghsfrvmsb
nudm
9
ngdmsb,
`blfosb,
df`mnmlmo
nudm,
dmrmdtfrbstbd,wmrom kmbrmo, crmounmsb, imrbocmo ofdrgtbd, tmo`mtmo`m boefdsb ngdmn, egrlmsb trmdtus 6. Mimrdmo pm`m dfnumrcm tfotmoc nudm `mo pfrmwmtmo nudm 5. Dgnmhurmsb mjnb cbzb pflhfrbmo `bmf PDPQ, vbtmlbo v btmlbo 3. Kfcmj dgotmlbomsb efsfs `mo urbo :. Nmdudmo tfjobd pfrmwmtmo nudm `focmo stfrbn 2. Hfrbdmo pgsbsb ymoc lfocurmocb tfdmomo pm`m nudm
;0
@MEPMX QV[PMDM
Mlfrbkmo Kgnnfcf ge [urcfgos. 8110. M`vmokf` Prmulm Nbef [uppgrt Egr @gktgrs. 3tj f`. BDMHB . Lmosigfr, Mrbe. 811=. Dmpbtm 811=. Dmpbtm [fnfdtm Df`gdtfrmo. Df`gdtfrmo. Lf`bm Mfskunmpbus, Imdmrtm 9 EDVB. [imlsujb`mymt. 8115. Hudu 8115. Hudu Mimr Hf`mj. Hf`mj. Imdmrtm 9 FCK [ofnn, X [. 8115 Momtglb 8115 Momtglb Dnbobd Votud Lmjmsbswm Df`gdtfrmo. Df`gdtfrmo. Imdmrtm 9 FCK. @u`nfy, J. M. E. 8110. Jmlbntgo Hmbnfy's Flfrcfoky [urcfry. [urcfry. Rgcymdmrtm 9 VCL Qrfss. Efn`lmo, C. 8115 Hnuot Mh`glbomn Prmulm 9 Fvmnumtbgo. @bmdsfs pm`m 85 Lmrft 81=; `mrb jttp9//www.`gkstgk.kgl/`gks/;1;8=5:0/HnuotMh`glbomn-Prmulm-Fvmnumtbgo. [rbvmtjsmo. 8112 Mh`glbomn Prmulm. [krbh`. [krbh`. @bmdsfs pm`m 18 Mprbn 81=; `mrb jttp9//www.skrbh`.kgl/`gk/=66560;2/Mh`glbomn-Prmulm`mrb jttp9//www.skrbh`.kgl/`gk/=66560;2/Mh`glbomn-PrmulmMcuoc, B. C. O. 81=1 Momtglb 81=1 Momtglb Mh`glfo. Kmtmtmo Xm`bgcrme. @bmdsfs pm`m 18 Mprbn 81=; `mrb `mrb jttp9//kmtmtmorm`bgcrme.hngcspgt.kgl/81=1/1:/momtglbmh`glfo.jtln . Mogobl. 811: Dfcmwmt`mrurmtmo 811: Dfcmwmt`mrurmtmo [bstfl Qfokfrommo pm`m Prmulm Mh`glfo. @bmdsfs pm`m : Efhrumrb 81== `mrb jttp9//pustmdm.uopm`.mk.b`/wpkgotfot/upngm`s/8112/=1/dfcmwmt`mrurmtmo.p`e . Sbndbosgo, Omoky. 81==. Hudu 81==. Hudu [mdu @bmcogsm Dfpfrmwmtmo. Dfpfrmwmtmo. Imdmrtm9 FCK Omo`m Botfromtbgomn. 81=;. @bmcogsm dfpfrmwmtmo Pmdsgoglb `mo Dnmsbebdmsb .Imdmrtm9FCK Xmtom, 811:. Xfermt Nudm Pusud. Pusud. Mvmbnmhnf ergl jttp9 //ln.skrbh`.kgl/`gk /=1=868::1/nudmtusud `bmdsfs tmoccmn 81 Iuob 81=0
