CONTENIDO INTRODUCCION:......... INTRODUCCION:................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ........................ ............. .. RESUMEN:.............. RESUMEN:......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................................... ............................ .. PARTE TEORICA:................................................................................................ .. DETALLES EXPERIMENTALES:............................................................................ .. PROCEDIMIENTO PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL:........ EXPERIMENTAL:................... ..................... ..................... ........................................ ............................. .. REACCCIONES REACCCIONES QUIMICAS:............ QUIMICAS:....................... ..................... ..................... ................................................ ..................................... DISCUSION DE RESULTADOS:............................................................................ CONCLUSIONES................................................................................................. APÉNDICE:......................................................................................................... CUESTIONARIO............................................................................................... BIBLIOGRAFÍA....................................................................................................
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1
INTRODUCCION: Sa!'("% Sa!'("% )*' +"% car!"#i$rat car!"#i$rat"% "% %", +"% c"(-*'%t" c"(-*'%t"%% (% a!*,$a,t'% a!*,$a,t'% $' +a ,at*ra+'/a 0 a$'(% +a (a0"ra $' +a% -+a,ta% 0 a,i(a+'% %i,t' %i,t'ti ti/a /a, , car!" car!"#i #i$r $rat at"% "% 0 '%t" '%t"%% a %* 2'/ 2'/ %ir2' %ir2', , c"(" c"(" 3*', 3*',t' t' $' ','r4a -ara %*% c5+*+a%. E6'(-+" $' '%t" %", +a% -+a,ta%7 )*' %i,t'ti/a, 4+*c"%a 0 "84'," a -artir $' $i98i$" $' car!"," 0 a4*a *%a, ta(!i5, +a c+"r"+a 0 +a +*/ %"+ar7 0 '%ta 4+*c"%a a %* 2'/ -*'$' tra,%3"r(ar%' ', a+(i$9,7 -ara a+(ac',a(i',t" $' ','r4a $' +a -+a,ta7 " ', c'+*+"%a7 )*' +' %'r2ir $' %"-"rt' '%tr*ct*ra+. L"% a,i(a+'% -*'$', a+(ac',ar +a 4+*c"%a i,4'ri$a ', +"% a+i(',t"%7 ', 3"r(a $' 4+*c94'," 0 '%t' %ir2' -ara +a %,t'%i% $' ATP.
RESUMEN: E, '+ -r'%',t' i,3"r(' '%t*$iar'("% +"% (5t"$"% -ara i$',ticar 0 $i3'r',cia, +"% car!"#i$rat"%7 t"$" -"r ('$i" $' r'acci",'% )*(ica% c", c", +a% +a% %*%t %*%ta, a,ci cia% a% )*' )*' a4r a4r'4*' '4*'(" ("%7 %7 '%t' '%t' ca%" ca%" r'a+ r'a+i/ i/ar ar'( '("% "% +a% +a% -r*'!a% ', !a%' a +a r'acci9, $' +"% $i3'r',t'% car!"#i$rat"%7 )*' %", +a 4+*c"%a7 +a 3r*ct*"%a7 '+ a+(i$9, 0 +a %acar"%a7 c", '+ r'acti2" $' M"+i%c M"+i%c# # 0 ci$" ci$" %*+3;r %*+3;ric" ic" c",c', c",c',tra tra$" $" $",$' $",$' "!%'r2 "!%'r2ar ar'(" '("%% +a 3"r(aci9, $' *, a,i++" c"+"r ("ra$" +" c*a+ i,$icar *,a r'acci9, -"%iti2a. Ta(!i5, Ta(!i5, #ar'("% +a -r*'!a c", +*4"+7 )*' '% '+ )*' r'c","c' +"% ',+ac'% $' +a 4+*c"%a7 a$'(% *%ar'("% '+ r'acti2" $' F'#+i,47 )*' '% *, a4',t' "8i$a,t' $5!i+. < a$'(% #ar'("% *,a -r*'!a c", +'2a$*ra -ara 2'ricar +a 3'r(',taci9,. Ta(!i5, Ta(!i5, a+ r'acti2" $' F'#+i,4 %' +' a=a$ir +a c'+*+"%a -ara 2'ricar +a #i$r9+i%i% $' '%ta %*%ta,cia.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% &
PARTE TEORICA: CARBOHIDRATOS
L"% car!"#i$rat"% %", *,a% !i"("+5c*+a% )*' ta(!i5, t"(a, +"% ,"(!r'% $' #i$rat"% $' car!","7 4+;ci$"%7 a/;car'% " %acri$"%? a*,)*' +"% $"% -ri('r"% ,"(!r'%7 +"% (% c"(*,'% 0 '(-+'a$"%7 ," %", $'+ t"$" -r'ci%"%7 0a )*' ," %' trata, '%tricta(',t' $' t"("% $' car!"," #i$rata$"%7 -'r" +"% i,t',t"% -"r %*%tit*ir '%t"% t5r(i,"% -"r "tr"% (% -r'ci%"% ," #a, t',i$" 58it". E%ta% ("+5c*+a% '%t, 3"r(a$a% -"r tr'% '+'(',t"% 3*,$a(',ta+'%: '+ carbono7 '+ hidrógeno 0 '+ oxígeno7 '%t' ;+ti(" ', *,a -r"-"rci9, a+4" (% !a6a. S* -ri,ci-a+ 3*,ci9, ', '+ "r4a,i%(" $' +"% %'r'% 2i2"% '% +a $' conrib!ir en e" a"#acena#ieno $ en "a obención de energía $' 3"r(a i,('$iata7 %"!r' t"$" a+ c'r'!r" 0 a+ %i%t'(a ,'r2i"%". E%t" %' c*(-+' 4racia% a *,a ',/i(a7 +a a(i+a%a7 )*' a0*$a a $'%c"(-",'r '%ta ("+5c*+a ', g"!co%a " a/;car ', %a,4r'7 )*' #ac' -"%i!+' )*' '+ c*'r-" *ti+ic' +a ','r4a -ara r'a+i/ar %*% 3*,ci",'%. C&ASI'ICACI(N DE &OS CARBOHIDRATOS Mono%ac)rido%
S", car!"#i$rat"% )*' ," -*'$', #i$r"+i/ar%' a c"(-*'%t"% (%
%',ci++"%7 c"(" +a 4+*c"%a. Di%ac)rido%
E% *,a a/;car )*' -*'$' #i$r"+i/ar%' a $"% (","%acri$"%7 -"r '6'(-+" +a %acar"%a.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% >
Po"i%ac)rido%
S", car!"#i$rat"% )*' -*'$', #i$r"+i/ar%' a (*c#"% (","%acri$"%7 %", ++a(a$"% -"+('r"% $' car!"#i$rat"% 0 %' ',c*',tra, ', +a ,at*ra+'/a. P"r '6'(-+"7 +a c'+*+"%a 0 '+ a+(i$9,.
&o% carbohidrao% en e" c!er*o
La 3*,ci9, -ri,ci-a+ $' +"% car!"#i$rat"% '% -r"-"rci",ar ','r4a7 a*,)*' ta(!i5, $'%'(-'=a, *,a 3*,ci9, i(-"rta,t' -ara +a '%tr*ct*ra 0 '+ 3*,ci",a(i',t" $' +a% c5+*+a%7 t'6i$"% 0 9r4a,"%? a$'(%7 %ir2', -ara 3"r(ar +a% '%tr*ct*ra% car!"#i$rata$a% $' +a %*-'rci' $' +a% c5+*+a%. a0 $i2'r%a% c+a%'% $' ("+5c*+a% car!"#i$rata$a% ', '+ c*'r-": -r"t'"4+ica,"%7 4+*c"-r"t',a% ta(!i5, ++a(a$a% 4+ic"-r"t',a%7 0 4+*c"+-i$"% ta(!i5, ++a(a$"% 4+ic"+-i$"%.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% @
DETA&&ES E+PERIMENTA&ES:
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"%
L*,a $' r'+"6 0 +'2a$*ra
M!e% ra% de g"!co%a, %acaro%a, -r!co%a $ a"#idón
Hci$" %*+3;ric"
Ba4*'ta
Reaci.o de Mo"i%h
&!go"
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"%
T'r(9('tr"
T!bo% de en%a$o
R'acti2" $' F'#+i,4 A 0 B
/a%o de *reci*iado
Cocini""a e"0crica
Pr"!'ta
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"%
PROCEDIMIENTO E+PERIMENTA&: HIDROLISIS DE LA CELULOSA 1. E, *, 2a%" $' -r'ci-ita$" %' $i%*'+2' (+ $' &SO@ c",c',tra$" ', 1K4 $' a+4"$9,. &. L*'4" %' +' a4r'4a & (+ $' a4*a $'%ti+a$a. >. S' -r"c'$' a ++'2ar a '!*++ici9, $*ra,t' & (i,.
Figura: Muestras llevadas a ebullición
PRUEA DE FER ME!"ACIO! 1. S' -'%a &.4 $' +'2a$*ra 0 %' c"+"ca ', *,a +*,a $' r'+"6. L*'4" %' a=a$' a4*a $'%ti+a$a #a%ta 3"r(ar *,a -a%ta.
Figura #: En la i$agen de la i%&uierda se 'bserva levadura en una luna de rel'() En la *gura de la derec+a se 'bserva la ,asta de levadura - la adición de g'tas de gluc'sa
&. S' a4r'4a & 4"ta% $' 4+*c"%a 0 +" $'6a("% r'-"%ar $*ra,t' 1 #"ra
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% J
Figura: Fer$entación de levadura. se 'bservan ,e&ue/as burbu(as c'n un c'ntenid' de CO 0
PRUEA DE MOLISH 1. E, @ t*!"% $' ',%a0"7 +i(-i"% 0 %'c"%7 a4r'4a("% 1K 4"ta% $' 4+*c"%a7 3r*ct"%a7 %acar"%a 0 a+(i$9,. L*'4" %' -r"c'$' a a4r'4ar 1 4"ta% $' &SO@ a ca$a t*!".
Figura: De i%&uierda a derec+a. se 'bservan $uestras de gluc'sa. 1ruct'sa. sacar'sa - al$idón
&. A ca$a t*!"7 %' +' a4r'4a, & 4"ta% $'+ r'acti2" $' M"+i%# 0 %' '%-'ra *,"% %'4*,$"% -ara "!%'r2ar +a r'acci9,.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"%
Figura: Se 'bserva la 1'r$ación de un anill' c'l'r vi'leta en las 2 $uestras. aun&ue en la $uestra de sacar'sa es di1usa)
PRUEA DE LU3OL #) A+ i4*a+ )*' +a -r*'!a a,t'ri"r7 a4r'4a("% (*'%tra% $' 4+*c"%a7 3r*ct"%a7 %acar"%a 0 a+(i$9, 4'rden dad' en las i$5genes6 ', @ t*!"% $' ',%a0". Para +*'4" a4r'4ar 4"ta% $'
L*4"+.
Figura: Se 'bserva s'l' el rec'n'ci$ient' del al$idón ,'r ,arte del Lug'l) Esta $uestra 'btiene una c'l'ración a%ul intens')
PRUEA DE FEHLI!3 1. E, t*!"% $' ',%a0" %' 1K 4"ta% $' %"+*ci9, F'#+i,4 A 0 "tra%
1K 4"ta% $' F'#+i,4 B a ca$a *," $' +"% t*!"%.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1K
Figura: S'luci'nes de Fe+ling A - 0) S' a4r'4a, 1K 4"ta% $' 4+*c"%a7 3r*ct"%a7 %acar"%a7 a+(i$9, 0 '+ -r"$*ct" $' +a -ri('ra '8-'ri',cia 4+idr'lisis de la celul'sa6
Figura: Muestras ,r'ble$a en s'luci'nes de Fe+ling A -
7) L+'2a("% +"% t*!"% ', *, !a=" $' t'(-'rat*ra ',tr' K°C
K°C $*ra,t' a-r"8i(a$a(',t' (i,7 ', +"% c*a+'% %' "!%'r2a ca(!i" $' c"+"r'% ',tr' +a% (*'%tra%.
Figura: Muestras de i%&uierda a derec+a: 3luc'sa. 1ruct'sa - sacar'sa)
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 11
Figura: Muestras de i%&uierda a derec+a: Al$idón. - $uestra de e8,eriencia anteri'r
REACCCIONES 1UIMICAS: A. PRUEBA DE MOLISCH:
La% -',t"%a% 0 +a% #'8"%a% ta,t" a+$"%a% c"(" c't"%a% ', -r'%',cia $' ci$"% (i,'ra+'% c"(" '+ ci$" %*+3;ric" %*3r', -r"c'%" $' $'%#i$rataci9,7 "ri4i,a,$" 3*r3*ra+ " #i$r"8i('ti+3*r3*ra+7 r'%-'cti2a(',t'.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1&
La% (*'%tra% -r"!+'(a% 0 +"% -"+i%acri$"%7 )*' ', ('$i" aci$" 3a2"r'c' +a #i$r"+i%i% $'+ ',+ac' 4+*c"%$ic"7 3"r(ara, #i$r"8i('ti+3*r3*ra+. L"% 3*r3*ra+'% r'acci",a, 3ci+(',t' c", c"(-*'%t"% ar"(tic"%? ', '%t' ca%" %' 3"r(" #i$r"8i('ti+3*r3*ra+7 ',t",c'% a+ r'acci",ar c", '+ ,a3t"+ r'acti2" $' M"+i%c# "ri4i,ara *, c"(-+'6" )*' t"(ara c"+"raci9, i,t',%a.
B. PRUEBA DE LUGOL:
E+ +*4"+ *,a $i%"+*ci9, $' 0"$*r" -"t%ic" 0 0"$" a0*$a a i$',ticar -"+i%acri$"%7 '%-'cca(',t' a+(i$9,7 )*' 3*' c", +a ;,ica c", )*i', r'acci"," ', +a '8-'ri(',taci9,.
C. PRUEBA DE FEHLING:
E, +a %i4*i',t' 'c*aci9, %' "!%'r2a +a r'acci9, $' +a 4+*c"%a c", '+ r'acti2" $' F'#+i,4 A 0 B )*' '% *, c"(-+'6" c*-r"tartaric":
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1>
D. PRUEBA DE FERMENTACION:
E, +a %i4*i',t' 'c*aci9, %' "!%'r2a +a% $i%ti,ta% r'acci",'% -"r +a% )*' -a%a +a 4+*c"%a7 -r"c'%" )*' '% $',"(i,a$" 3'r(',taci9,. E, +a )*' %' "!%'r2a c"(" -r"$*ct" ,a+ '+ a+c"#"+ 't+ic" 0 CO &.
E, +a %i4*i',t' i(a4', %' (*'%tra c", ('6"r $'ta++'% '+ -r"c'%" $' 3'r(',taci9, )*' %*3r' +a 4+*c"%a7 -ri('r" 3"r(a,$" -ir*2at" -ara +*'4" "!t','r c"(" -r"$*ct" ,a+ a+c"#"+ 't+ic" 0 $i98i$" $' car!",".
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1@
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1
DISCUSION DE RESU&TADOS: A. PRUEBA DE MOLISCH:
D'%-*5% $' a4r'4ar+' '+ r'acti2" M"+i%c# a +a% @ (*'%tra% -r"!+'(a% ', ('$i" aci$"7 t"$a% 3"r(ar", *, a,i++" $' c"+"raci9, -*r-*ra i,t',%a ', +a i,t'r3a%'7 +" )*' ,"% i,$ica +a -r'%',cia $' #i$rat"% $' car!"," ', +a% (*'%tra% 4+*c"%a7 3r*ct"%a7 %acar"%a 0 a+(i$9,.
B. PRUEBA DE LUGOL:
D' +a% c*atr" (*'%tra% -r"!+'(a% %"+" +a c*arta a+(i$9, %' "!%'r29 *,a c"+"raci9, a/*+ i,t',%"7 ', ca(!i" ', +"% "tr"% tr'% %' "!%'r29 *,a c"+"raci9, a(ari++',ta. E%t" '% -"r)*' %' 3"r(a ca$',a% $' -"+i0"$*r" )*' %' ',+a/a, a+ a+(i$9, ', +a% #5+ic'% $'+ -"+('r"7 +" )*' -'r(iti9 +a c"+"raci9, $'+ a+(i$9,.
C. PRUEBA DE FEHLING:
S' "!%'r29 )*' -ara +a 4+*c"%a7 0 3r*ct"%a +a ('/c+a ca(!i" $' c"+"raci9, a r"6" +a$ri++"7 +" )*' '% i,$icaci9, $' )*' #*!" r'$*cci9, $'+ r'acti2" $' F'#+i,47 ',t",c'% $ir'("% )*' a(!a% (*'%tra% %", a/*car'% r'$*ct"r'% 0a )*' %' 3"r(9 C*&O. E, '+ ca%" $' +a %acar"%a 0 a+(i$9, ," #*!" ca(!i" $' c"+"raci9,7 ',t",c'% ," %", a/*car'% r'$*ct"r'%. < c", +a (*'%tra -r"!+'(a %' "!%'r29 )*' ca(!i" a 2'r$' a4*a7 ', r'a+i$a$ $'!'ra ca(!iar a r"6" -"r +a -r'%',cia $' 4+*c"%a7 ',t",c'% )*i'r' $'cir ," %' r'a+i/9 c"rr'cta(',t' +a #i$r"+i%i% $' +a c'+*+"%a.
D. PRUEBA DE FERMENTACION:
D'%-*5% $' *,a #"ra $' #a!'r $'6a$" ', r'-"%" +a -a%ta 3"r(a$a -"r +a +'2a$*ra 0 4+*c"%a7 ,"% $i("% c*',ta +a -r'%',cia $' -')*'=a% !*r!*6a%7 a$'(% $' *, "+"r $'%a4ra$a!+'. E%t"% r'%*+ta$"% c",r(a, )*' #*!" 3'r(',taci9,7 -*'% +a% !*r!*6a% %'ria '+ $i98i$" $' car!"," 3"r(a$" $*ra,t' '+ -r"c'%".
E. HIDROLISIS DE LA CELULOSA:
A+ 'c#ar+' ci$" %*+3;ric" a+ a+4"$9, #*!" $'%-r',$i(i',t" $' ca+"r7 '% *,a r'acci9, '8"t5r(ica7 a$'(% ca(!i9 $' c"+"raci9, a (arr9, "%c*r". N" %' "!%'r29 ,i,4;, ca(!i" c*a,$" %' ++'29 a '!*++ici9, $*ra,t' ca%i ('$ia #"ra. P'r" c", '+ r'acti2" $' F'#+i,4 %' $'!'ra "!%'r2ar %i %' r'a+i/9 c"rr'cta(',t' '+ -r"c'$i(i',t" $' #i$r"+i%i%.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1
CONC&USIONES2
La -r*'!a $' M"+i%c# '% *, (5t"$" '3'cti2" )*' %ir2' -ara $'%c*!rir +a -r'%',cia $' #i$rat"% $' car!"," ', c*a+)*i'r %*%ta,cia -"r +a -r'%',cia $' *,a c"+"raci9, 2i"+'ta i,t',%a. E% *, (5t"$" )*' %"+" -'r(it' -r'%',ciar $' (a,'ra c*a+itati2a %i #a0 car!"#i$rat"% ', +a% (*'%tra% -r"!+'(a%7 (a% ," ,"% i,$icara +a ca,ti$a$ $' 4+;ci$"% )*' -"$ra, -r'%',tar +a% (*'%tra% -r"!+'(a%.
La -r*'!a $' +*4"+ '% '3'cti2" -ara i$',ticar +a -r'%',cia $' a+(i$9, ', c*a+)*i'r (*'%tra $'%c","ci$a7 a*,)*' +a c"+"raci9, a/*+i,a %"+" %' $a c*a,$" '+ a+(i$9, %' c"(-",' $' a(i+"%a (a% ," $' a(i+"-'cti,a -*'% c", '%ta ;+ti(a ," $'%arr"++a +a (i%(a c"+"raci9,.
E+ r'acti2" $' F'#+i,4 %' 3*,$a(',ta ', '+ -"$'r r'$*ct"r $'+ 4r*-" car!",i+" ', +a% a+$"%a%7 -*'% ti',', +a '%tr*ct*ra )*(ica a!i'rta ,'c'%aria -ara act*ar c"(" a4',t'% r'$*ct"r'%7 0 ', a+4*,a% c't"%a% 4','ra+(',t' -"%iti2a ', 3r*ct"%a7 +" )*' %' '2i$',cia c", +a 3"r(aci9, $' *, -r'ci-ita$" r"6" +a$ri++" 98i$" c*-r"%". L" )*' ,"% ++'2a a $'cir )*' '% *, (5t"$" '3'cti2" -ara r'c","c'r a/*car'% r'$*ct"r'%7 $",$' +a (a0"ra $' (","%acri$" 0 $i%acri$"% -"%'', '%a ca-aci$a$7 $'%-*5% $' #a!'r "!%'r2a$" +a% $i%ti,ta% r'acci",'% #'c#a%.
La +'2a$*ra $'%c"(-*%" +a 4+*c"%a ('$ia,t' +a 3'r(',taci9,7 *, -r"c'%" a,a'r9!ic". La 3'r(',taci9, '% *, -r"c'%" )*' ," r')*i'r' $' "84',". < $' ac*'r$" a +"% r'%*+ta$"% "!t',i$"% %' -*'$' $'cir )*' +a -r'%',cia $' -')*'=a% !*r!*6a% '% %'=a+ $' )*' #*!" 3'r(',taci9, 0a )*' '+ $i98i$" $' car!"," '% +i!'ra$" ', 3"r(a $' 4a%.
La #i$r"+i%i% r'a+i/a$" ," %a+i9 c"(" $'!a7 '%t" %' $'!i9 a )*' -*$" #a!'r *, 'rr"r $*ra,t' +a '!*++ici9, 0a )*' +a (*'%tra $'!a '%tar & (i,7 %' -"$ra $'cir )*' ,'c'%ita!a (% ti'(-" " +a c"ci,i++a ," '%ta!a 3*,ci",a,$" c"rr'cta(',t' -ara )*' +a #i$r"+i%i% %' r'a+ic' $' (a,'ra a$'c*a$a 0 a% -"$'r 3"r(ar a/*car'% %i(-+'% 4+*c"%a.
Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1
APENDICE: CUESTIONARIO2 32 4CON 1UE REACTI/O IDENTI'ICA &A PRESENCIA DE CARBOHIDRATOS5 Reacción de Mo"i%h
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Reacción de Benedic
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Reacción de 'eh"ing
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Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% 1
BIB&IO8RA'9A %.3.. O!t',i$" $' #tt-:c0c+i,4.c","ci(i',t"%.c"(.2'&K111K)*''%0-ara)*' %ir2''+4+*c"4',".#t(+ CAROHIDRA"OS. 11 $' 11 $' &K1. O!t',i$" $'
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Ra(", Par5% i Farr%7 A. V. %.3.. i'&u$ica de l's $icr''rganis$'s) %.3.. RECO!OCIMIE!"O DE LOS MO!OSACARIDOS. DISACARIDOS ; DE LOS) "RAA
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Practica N°: Car!"#i$rat"% &K
