Book 1 Week 3

KEY L`fc`k

_kkh 9

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KEY L`fc`k

_kkh 9 Wcdkl @ltks

_kkh 9 | _by<

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_kkh 9 |

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Y

kvkraf ykars aol at a` KEY _kkhk`d, a sick`tcst rle Atfa`ta, Oklroca, iaek up tl ek agkr tkffc`o bcs stlry a`d c`lrekd ek bk dcd`–t tbc`h C–d bavk a ifuk blw tl bkfp bce. C tlfd bce tbat was plsscjfk, p lsscjfk, jut C dcd bavk a sick`ik qukstcl` C was blpc`o bk ilufd bkfp ek wctb. C tlfd bce ey sl` was tahc`o ibkecstry, a`d wk wkrk bavc`o a` arouek`t ajlut sick`tcfii ektbldlfloy. C ashkd c bk–d ec`d kxpfac`c`o tbat prlikss tl ek. Bk sacd ylu jkoc` jko c` wctb tbk t bk statkek`t l tbk prljfke lfflwkd jy a

bypltbkscs tl kxpfac` wby tbk prljfke kxcsts. @kxt ylu dkvkflp a` kxpkrcek`t tl vkrcy ylur bypltbkscs. Tk rksufts l tbk kxpkrcek`t ark ljskrvkd, a`d il`ifuscl`s il`ifuscl`s ark draw` rle ljskrvkd rksufts. ‖Blw ea`y ea`y tceks dlks tbk kxpkrcek`t bavk tl acf jklrk ct dcsprlvks dcsprlvks tbk bypltbkscs<― C ashkd. ‖L`fy l`ik,― bk rkpfckd. ‖Tk` C–e il`uskd.― ‖C tbc`h tbat–s prktty stracobtlrward,― bk sacd. ‖_bat–s tbk prljfke<― ‖_kff, aiilrdc`o tl tbk fck stlry ylu tlfd tbcs elr`c`o, ylu–vk ru` tbk saek kxpkrcek`t c` ylur fck tbrkk tceks a`d ct–s acfkd kaib tcek. Blw ea`y tceks dl ylu pfa` tl ru` tbk saek kxpkrcek`t jklrk aiikptc`o tbat ylur bypltbkscs cs wrl`o<― ‖Olt ek,― bk sacd, ‖jut C stcff kkf tbat wbat w bat C–e dlc`o wcff wlrh a`d C pfa` l` ru``c`o tbat kxpkrcek`t skvkraf elrk tceks.― ‖_kff, at fkast lr tbk sahk l sick`tcfii c`tkorcty,― C rkspl`dkd, ‖c tbk kxpkrcek`t il`tc`uks tl acf, wlufd ylu at fkast il`scdkr tbat eayjk ylur u`dkrsta`dc`o l wby  cs  cs ﬊awkd<― C h`lw tbat tkffc`o ylur stlry a`d dkafc`o wctb tbk k`suc`o qukstcl`s was a dc﬉iuft a`d ibaffk`oc`o kxpkrck`ik. Slu Slu eay kvk` jk wl`dkrc`o c tbcs prlikss cs wlrtb ct. rust rust ek, tloktbkr wk wcff eahk ct tbrluob, a`d ylu a`d ylur splusk wcff jk l` tbk way tl dcsilvkrc`o wbat ylur earrcaok ia` jk rle tbcs plc`t lrward. Slu bavk `lw elvkd jkyl`d wbat bas bappk`kd  a`d  a`d ia` `lw jkoc` tl kxpflrk wby ct bappk`kd .

22

KEY L`fc`k

_kkh 9 Olafs _bcfk uffy ileprkbk`dc`o ileprkbk`dc`o wbat bappk`kd eay stcff tahk a wbcfk tl ilepfktkfy sc`h c`, ylur olafs lr tbcs wkkh ark tl start tbk t bk prlikss l u`dkrsta`dc`o= •

_by ct bappk`kd

•

_bat cs `lreaf

•

_bat `kkds tl bappk` `kxt

Zkaibc`o tbksk olafs c`vlfvk c `vlfvkss first dktkrec`c`o wbat cs wrl`o. Ylfvc`o tbk wrl`o prljfke rarkfy fkads tl a rcobt slfutcl`. Tcs ibaptkr wcff bkfp kxpfac` wby tbcs cs bappk`c`o c` lrdkr tl bkfp ylu skt a elrk prlduitcvk ilursk. _k wcff kxpflrk tbk Iyifk l Gacfurk tl dcsilvkr wby wbat wk–rk dlc`o dlks`–t wlrh. _bat cs ct tbat hkkps us trappkd c` a il`tc`ulus il`tc`ulus iyifk l pllr iblciks a`d rkorkts< Jkoc``c`o tbk prlikss lg addrkssc`o a jktrayaf cs pac`guf, il`gusc`o, a`d dcsturjc`o. Glr startkrs, tbkrk cs prljajfy `l kvk`t c` earrcaok tbat prlduiks suib a irctciaf tur`c`o plc`t. Glr ea`y, jktrayaf sco`afs tbk dkecsk lg a drkae a`d tbk appark`t k`d lg tbk rkfatcl`sbcp. Wlws Wlws ark jrlhk`, trust dkstrlykd, a`d bkarts sbattkrkd. ‖Tcff dkatb dl us part― bas `lw jkk` a``cbcfatkd. _bkrk dl ylu ol grle bkrk< Tbcs wkkh cs ajlut a`swkrc`o tbksk tbk sk qukstcl`s a`d ltbkrs. _k jkoc` tl kxpflrk tbk  patb lg rkilvkry a`d u`ilvkr tbk a`swkr tl wby. wby. _ctblut a`swkrs tl tbksk qukstcl`s, quk stcl`s, ct cs dcgiuft tl `d blpk lg a`y hc`d. Tl jkoc`, fkt ek assurk ylu blw `lreaf ct cs tl gkkf ylu ark l` a` keltcl`af rlffkr ilastkr. Ea`y gaitlrs aggkit rkilvkry, jut tbkrk ark ea`y ileel` cssuks ylu–ff `d tbat ylu sbark wctb ltbkrs c` ylur orlup. Slu–rk Slu–rk `lt afl`k, a`d tbkrk ark ltbkrs wbl ark fchk ylu. Ecsu`dkrsta`dc`o wbat cs `lreaf a`d wbat cs `lt `lreaf orkatfy ilepfciatks tbk bkafc`o prlikss. Cg tbk jktraykd splusk gacfs tl u`dkrsta`d tbk patb lg rkilvkry glr tbk u`gactbguf splusk, bk lr sbk eay gacf tl skk tbk plsctcvk iba`oks liiurrc`o c` tbkcr eatk–s fcgk. Cg kctbkr splusk gacfs tl u`dkrsta`d tbk patb lg rkilvkry glr tbk ltbkr  pkrsl`, tbk` tbk rksuft cs a statk lg il`guscl`, il`guscl`, `lt h`lwc`o wbktbkr lr `lt prlorkss cs  jkc`o eadk.

‖_by― Cs a Tbrkk-Fkookd Ytllf Gar tll lgk` earrcaok cs jfaekd lr tbk c`fidkfcty c`fidkfcty.. _bcfk tbk earrcaoks c`dkkd bavk prljfkes, tbky ark `lt tbk uftceatk iausk l c`fidkfcty c`fidkfct y. [`dkrsta`dc`o tbk wby  l  l c`fi_kkh 9 | _by<

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dkfcty starts wctb u`dkrsta`dc`o tbkrk ark euftcpfk iausks. Ylek pklpfk ecobt say, say, ‖C C bad`–t jkk` ecskrajfk c` ey earrcaok, C `kvkr wlufd–vk ibkatkd,― lr ‖C h`kw C–d eadk a ecstahk tbk day wk earrckd.― Tk ‖wbys― l c`fidkfcty ark aituaffy ar elrk ilepfkx. C`fidkfcty cs fchk a tbrkk-fkookd t brkk-fkookd stllf. Ct cs plsscjfk tbat earctaf cssuks ilufd j k as euib as l`k tbcrd l tbk t bk prljfke, jut `kvkr elrk tba` tbat. Kvk` earrcaok tbkrapcsts rkquk`tfy eahk tbk ecstahk l prcearcfy liusc`o l` earctaf cssuks, tbkrkjy jfaec`o tbk earrcaok lr tbk c`fidkfcty. c`fidkfcty. Tat apprlaib uftceatkfy jfaeks tbk vcitce a`d eahks tbk jktraykd splusk tbk prljfke. _bcfk tbk earrcaok ecobt jk tl jfaek c` part lr tbk c`fidkfcty c`fidkfct y, ltbkr aitlrs ilek c`tl pfay. pfay. ypciaffy ypciaffy liusc`o l` tbk earrcaok rkfatcl`sbcp rkfatcl`sbcp prlvks tl jk c`k﬎kitcvk, jkiausk twl-tbcrds l tbk prljfke cs `kvkr addrksskd. l k﬎kitcvkfy u`dkrsta`d tbk wby l c`fidkfcty, wk eust vckw ct rle tbk pkrspkitcvk l aff tbrkk t brkk il`trcjutc`o aitlrs= (1) pkrsl`af jaooaok, (:) iufturk, a`d (9) earrcaok ctskf. Tk first fko l tbat stllf cs pkrsl`af jaooaok. wl pklpfk ia` jk c` a flusy earrcaok, jut typciaffy l`fy l`k bas a` a﬎acr. a﬎acr. Lur pkrsl`af p krsl`af jaooaok dktkrec`ks wbktbkr jktrayaf wcff jk lur jkbavclr l iblcik wbk` wk ark squkkzkd. Tk skil`d fko cs iufturk. Blw lur iufturk vckws jlu`darcks a`d dktkrec`ks wbat cs aiikptajfk jkbavclr irkatks irkatks a rcib k`vcrl`ek`t wctbc` wbcib a﬎acrs ia` liiur. liiur. Tk tbcrd aitlr cs earrcaok ctskf. Yl c earrcaok cs l`fy l`k-tbcrd tl jfaek, a`d c ylu wa`t tl u`dkrsta`d wby, wby, ylu bavk tl fllh at tbksk t bksk euftcpfk sluriks. _k _k wcff kxpflrk aff tbrkk l tbksk at dc﬎krk`t plc`ts tbrluoblut tbcs ilursk. C` _kkh _kkh ? wk wcff fllh at earrcaok a`d cts il`trcjutcl` tl tbk wby l c`fidkfcty. _k–ff kxaec`k slek il`trcjutc`o aitlrs tbat earrcaoks prlduik, suib as il`﬊cit a`d c`tceaiy avlcda`ik. Tk` c` _kkh 11 wk wcff kxpflrk tbk iufturaf rkasl`s, c`ifudc`o ekdca c`﬊uk`ik a`d jlu`darcks. Tcs wkkh wk wcff start kxpflrc`o lur tbrkk-fkookd stllf jy il`scdkrc`o pkrsl`af jaooaok.

Jaooaok Blw dl ylu dkaf wctb kkfc`os< C C–e c` a fckfkss earrcaok a`d ae dkspkratk tl okt ey `kkds ekt, ey druo l iblcik ecobt jk ﬊crtc`o a`d bavc`o ltbkrs rkspl`d. Ct ecobt jk co`lrc`o ey splusk ilepfktkfy ilepfktkfy sl C `kvkr bavk tl kkf rkmkitkd. Ct ecobt jk plr`lorapby, plr`lorapby, lr kvk` k vk` afilblf. Zkoardfkss, ey prkkrrkd way l ekktc`o tblsk `kkds wcff drcvk ey jkbavclr. jkbavclr. C` tbcs ibaptkr wk–rk olc`o tl kxpflrk blw ylu olt bkrk. Tk jaooaok fko l lur c`fidkfcty stllf cs tbk ‖pkrsl`af― wby. wby. Tcs c`ifudks past pattkr`s l ilpc`o a`d rkaitc`o a`d tbk jfc`dkrs irkatkd jy a

3>

KEY L`fc`k

ilupfk–s earctaf bcstlry. Kaib party ileks tl earrcaok wctb bcs lr bkr lw` u`cquk skt l jaooaok. jaoo aok. Elst pklpfk, blwkvkr, blwkvkr, ark jfc`d tl tbat t bat ait, kspkicaffy c` tbk jkoc``c`o. jkoc``c `o. [`il`siclus [`il`siclus pattkr`s l rkaitc`o tl ltbkrs c` lur past eay prkvk`t us rle fi`dc`o `kw a`d `kikssary pattkr`s l rkspl`sk c` lur earrcaok. Gacfurk tl praykruffy kxaec`k lur lw` jkbavclrs, rksk`tek`ts, a`d rkspl`sk pattkr`s dkstc`ks us tl rkpkat tbk saek ecstahks. Lur jaooaok dktkrec`ks lur kkfc`os. Lur kkfc`os dl`–t dl`–t `kikssarcfy rk﬊kit tbk trutb, tr utb, jut tbky dl aiiuratkfy rk﬊kit wbat wk jkfckvk. Ct–s must tbat wbat wk jkfckvk cs`–t afways truk. A atbkr tkffc`o bcs sl` bk–s a flskr dlks`–t dlks`–t eahk tbk jly a flskr, flskr, jut c bk jkfckvks wbat bcs atbkr says, tbk` bk wcff ikrtac`fy kkf fchk a flskr a`d spk`d tbk rkst l bcs fck strcvc`o tl prlvk bk cs `lt—lr `kvkr tryc`o tr yc`o at aff jkiausk bk jkfckvks ct–s ct–s uskfkss. A scx-ykar-lfd scx-ykar-lfd wbl cs skxuaffy ajuskd eay kkf tbk ajusk cs bkr auft, a`d wbcfk `ltbc`o ilufd jk urtbkr urt bkr rle tbk trutb, sbk wcff stcff kkf tbc`os ark bkr auft kvk` tbluob tbat–s `lt tbk iask. Kvk` pkrsl`afcty typks aff c`tl tbk jaooaok iatkolry a`d bavk a flt tl dl wctb wby wk ibllsk tbk tbc`os t bc`os wk dl. C tbk jly wblsk dad tlfd bce bk–s a flskr cs wbat C iaff a dlkr, tbk` bk–ff rkspl`d jy eahc`o a ecffcl` dlffars jy tbk tcek bk–s 9>, must tl prlvk Dad wrl`o. Blwkvkr, c bk–s a kkfkr, bk ecobt tur` tl wlek` lr vafcdatcl` tbat bk–s `lt a flskr. C` addctcl`, earctaf bcstlry afsl ilepfciatks rkilvkry. _k vckw lur eatks tbrluob tbk bcstlrciaf fk`s l lur earrcaok. Tk fl`okr tbk earrcaok, tbk elrk lur jkfcks ajlut lur eatks ark ikek`tkd c`tl pfaik. Tk` ct jkileks dc﬉iuft tl il`scdkr `kw plsscjcfctcks l eka`c`o c` blw lur eatk rkspl`ds tl us, jkiausk wk tbluobt wk h`kw aff tbkrk was tl h`lw ajlut lur splusk. _k c`stc`itcvkfy attrcjutk eltcvk a`d eka`c`o tl lur eatk–s aitcl`s jaskd l` lur past bcstlry tloktbkr. Tcs cs wby a orlup prlikss cs irctciaf. Ct–s euib kasckr tl skk tbk rkafcty l wbat cs bappk`c`o wctb ltbkr ilupfks tba` ct cs c` l`k–s lw` earrcaok. C` tbk ltbkr ilupfks, ylu wcff skk tbkcr c`tk`tcl`s, tbkcr struoofks, a`d tbkcr prlorkss euib elrk elrk ifkarfy tba` c` ylur lw` earrcaok. Fllhc`o at ltbkr pklpfk, ylu ia` skk c` rkaf tcek wctblut tbk dcstlrtc`o fk`s l bcstlry. Tk` ylu ia` tur` tbcs `kw fk`s l` ylur lw` earctaf bcstlry a`d dcsilvkr wbkrk ylu–vk `lt skk` ifkarfy. Yl wbkrk ark tbk a`swkrs< Ct eay skke aff ylu bavk rcobt `lw ark qukstcl`s. _k _k wcff jkoc` tl prlvcdk tbk patbway tl a`swkrs tbcs wkkh. Jk

_kkh 9 | _by<

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awark, tbcs cs must a start . _k _k wcff kxpflrk slek l w wbat bat cs `lreaf as wkff as slek l tbk pkrsl`af rkasl`s wby c`fidkfcty liiurs. Slur Slur jkst rksluriks c` fi`dc`o a`swkrs eay wkff jk ltbkr partcicpa`ts c` ylur orlup. At tbk saek tcek, rkekejkr tbk a`swkrs ark `lt tbk saek lr kaib ilupfk. Kaib ilupfk bas u`cquk ibaraitkrcstcis tbat rkqucrk a u`cquk patb p atb l rkilvkry. rkilvkry. Yl tbkrk cs `l kxait rkicpk, jut wk wcff prlvcdk ok`kraf oucdkfc`ks tl il`scdkr l` ylur mlur`ky.

Iyifk lg Gacfurk _k ark irkatkd tl jk ‖l`k as.―  C` Mlb` 1?, Mksus praykd, ‖Gatbkr . . . tbat tbky eay jk l`k as wk ark l`k― (v. 11, @CW). 1 Tkrk– Tkrk–s ar elrk tl tbat rkqukst tba` ekkts tbk kyk. k yk. Eldkr` psyiblfloy bas il`firekd wbat tbk jcjfciaf tkxt bas fl`o dkifarkd. _k wkrk eadk tl jk l`k. _k wkrk eadk tl jk c` u`cl` wctb a`ltbkr. a`ltbkr. Tcs `kkd lr attaibek`t attaibek`t cs as irctciaf as lur `kkd lr acr a`d watkr. Glr kxaepfk, wbat–s tbk wlrsk pu`csbek`t ocvk` tl buea`s< Ylfctary il`fi`kek`t. Lur `kkd lr il``kitcl` cs sl prllu`d tbat wctblut ct wk wcff kvk`tuaffy ol c`sa`k a`d dck. _k _k ia``lt survcvk wctblut attaibek`t. Tcs drcvk lr il``kitcl` cs ik`traf tl lur dkscrk tl eatk lr fck. _k aff fl`o tl h`lw tbat wk–rk ceplrta`t tl slekl`k8 tbat wk rkaffy eattkr tl bce lr bkr. L`fy prljfke cs, lur eatks dl`–t afways ocvk us tbk psyiblflociaf acr wk sl dkspkratkfy `kkd, a`d wbk` tbkcr aitcl`s lr wlrds fkavk us kkfc`o tbat dcstrkss. _k kxpkrcwk dl`–t eattkr, wk kxpkrck`ik wbat tbk kxpkrts iaff attaibek`t dcstrkss. k`ik tbk saek prceaf pa`ci a` 12-el`tb-lfd kkfs wbk` Ele lr Dad wafhs lut l tbk rlle, fkavc`o tbk ibcfd kkfc`o rkfatcl`affy adrcg. Dkkp wctbc` wk kkf dcssatcsfikd, kepty, lr u`uffiffkd. Blw wk rkspl`d tl tbat sk`sk l dcsil``kitcl` a`d keptc`kss rk﬊kits lur pkrsl`af jaooaok. _bk` ltbkrs acf tl ekkt lur `kkds, blw dl wk rkspl`d< Dl wk il`tc`uk tl flvk tbke c` spctk l wbat wk pkrikcvk tl jk a acfurk l tbkcr flvc`o us< Blw dl wk try tl fiff tbk vlcd c` lur fck fkg jy u`ekt `kkds< _bl wk ark dktkrec`ks tbk ekiba`cse wk usk tl fiff lur u`ekt `kkds. Ct–s scepfk lr a` 12-el`tb-lfd—tbk l`fy avacfajfk rkspl`sk cs pctibc`o a fit—jut as wk aok, wk dkvkflp ltbkr prkkrk`iks prkkrk`iks lr ekktc`o lur `kkds. Glr slek ct ecobt jk sblppc`o lr eatkrcaf ollds8 ltbkrs ecobt fllh tl afilblf lr druos8 stcff ltbkrs fllh lr vafcdatcl`. Kaib pkrsl` cs u`cquk, a`d wbk` wbat wk–rk fllhc`o tl lr fck a`d uffiffek`t dlks`–t wlrh, tbk` ct–s `lt fl`o jklrk wk jkoc` skaribc`o lr slektbc`o dc﬎krk`t.

3:

KEY L`fc`k

Slu eay wl`dkr wby wk rkkr tl acfurk as a ‖iyifk.― C` ileecttkd rkfatcl`sbcps, wk eahk a` aorkkek`t lut l flvk tl ait c` lur part`kr–s jkst c`tkrkst. _bk` wk jrkah tbat aorkkek`t, wk jktray lur rkfatcl`sbcp, rkfatcl`sbcp, aitc`o c` lur lw` c`tkrkst ratbkr tba` tbat l lur eatk. C wk iark ajlut bce lr bkr a`d tbk rkfatcl`sbcp, tbk` wk–ff ol tbrluob a prkdcitajfk, jut slektceks ecstahk`, skt l stkps tryc`o t ryc`o tl rkstlrk tbk rkfatcl`sbcp. rkfatcl`sbcp. Tksk wrl`o stkps tbk` skt tbk staok lr il`tc`ukd prljfkes. Aff l us start wctb a vcscl` l wbl wk ark a`d wbkrk wk ark olc`o. C wa`t tl jk a flvc`o busja`d. C wa`t tl jk a flvc`o dad. C wa`t tl jk a ea` l Old. Ey bkart was tl flvk Ytkpba`ck. Jut as wk ol afl`o, fck bappk`s. A`d as fck bappk`s, wk jkoc` tl okt squkkzkd wbk` fck dlks`–t dlks`–t ol tbk way wk blpkd. At tbat elek`t, wk kxpkrck`ik slek prktty c`tk`sk `kkds. _bk` tblsk `kkds ilek, wk bct a irlssrlads, a twl-iblcik dcfkeea. L`k, wk ia` rkeac` il`scstk`t wctb lur bkart a`d ibllsk tl iark ajlut lur eatk, tl jk il`ikr`kd lr bce lr bkr. Lr twl, wk ia` lfflw a darhkr, rlouk dkscrk tbat suddk`fy arcsks. C ylu–rk bappy a`d ylu fchk ylur earrcaok a`d ylur fck, tbk` ct–s praoeatciaffy seart tl bl`lr tbk ileectek`ts ylu–vk ylu–vk eadk tl ltbkrs, a`d tbkrklrk tbk puff l lfflwc`o a dkstruitcvk patb cs`–t cs`–t as strl`o. _by wlufd ylu wa`t tl ekss up a olld tbc`o< Jut c fck–s icriuesta`iks ark`–t jrc`oc`o tbk satcsaitcl` a`d bappc`kss ylu a`tcicpatkd, ct wl`–t wl`–t jk fl`o u`tcf a part l ylu cs tkeptkd tl jktray ylur dkscrk tl flvk a`d tahk tbk rlouk patb tbat skkes tl dl a jkttkr j kttkr mlj l uffiffc`o ylur dkscrks. A`d at tbat elek`t, tblsk rlouk dkscrks slekblw kkf rcobt. Bkrk–s a` kxaepfk= _bk` lur first ibcfd was jlr`, Ytkpba`ck a`d C iaek up wctb a scepfk systke lr `cobt kkdc`os. _bk` Ekoa` wlufd wahk up, C–d ol c` a`d iba`ok bkr dcapkr, dcapkr, tbk` jrc`o bkr tl Ytkpba`ck tl `ursk, wbl wlufd tbk` rktur` bkr tl jkd. C rkekejkr l`k `cobt wbk` C wlhk up bkarc`o tbk iryc`o ir yc`o a`d tbluobt, C `kkd tl okt up, iba`ok bkr dcapkr, a`d jrc`o bkr tl Ytkpba`ck. Jut Ytkpba`ck. Jut c` a ﬊asb a `kw cepufsk k`tkrkd ey ec`d. C jkoa` tl qukstcl` wby C was afways a fways tbk l`k okttc`o up wctb Ekoa`. C bad tl ol tl wlrh a`d bad `l iba`ik tl tahk a `ap, jut Ytkpba`ck staykd at blek a`d bad a iba`ik tl rkst durc`o tbk day. Tk elrk C tbluobt ajlut ct, tbk elrk C ilufd`–t jkfckvk blw skffisb sbk was. Ybk `kvkr il`scdkrkd wbat tbcs was dlc`o tl ek. Ybk l`fy tbluobt l bkrskf a`d bad `l il`scdkratcl` il`scdkratcl` lr ek. C rkec`dkd eyskf blw fuihy sbk was tl bavk a busja`d fchk ek wbl was wcffc`o tl okt up c` tbk ecddfk l tbk `cobt wkkh agkr wkkh tl bkfp tahk iark l tbcs dkea`dc`o jajy. Ia` ylu skk blw jktrayc`o ey cepufsk tl bkfp Ytkpba`ck fkd ek tl mustcy ey aitcl`s tlward bkr< C `l fl`okr saw bkr as ey wck, wctb wble C was wlrhc`o tl racsk tbcs ibcfd. C `lw saw bkr as a tbrkat tl ey bappc`kss a`d a `koatcvk lrik cepkdc`o ey

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prlorkss. C wl`dkr wby wk jkfckvk jktrayaf cs ajlut ltbkrs. Jktrayaf jkoc`s j koc`s wctb skf. _k first jktray lur lw` `aturk, wbcib cs tl flvk, wbcib c` tur` iausks us tl sbcg lur lius rle a il`ikr` lr ltbkrs tl a skf-ik`tkrkd eltcvatcl`, eltcvatcl`, wbkrk wk jkilek jk ilek dkikcvkd ajlut lurskfvks a`d ltbkrs. A`d c wk–rk wk–rk skf-dkikcvkd, tbk wrl`o tbc`o wcff ikrtac`fy kkf fchk tbk rcobt tbc`o. L`ik wk jkoc` jfaec`o ltbkrs lr lur lur icriuesta`iks, tbk` ct wl` wl`–t jk fl`o u`tcf tbk dkscrk tl ait c` tbk jkst c`tkrkst l skf ratbkr tba` tbk jkst c`tkrkst c `tkrkst l ltbkrs tahks lvkr. Yuib rlouk dkscrks ark afways il`trary tl flvk. _batkvkr iapturks lur attk`tcl` uftceatkfy iapturks us, a`d liusc`o l` wbat–s wrl`o wctb lur eatk iausks tbat skffisb dkscrk tl jkilek a` ljsksscl`, lr urok, wbcib skkes tl blfd lur tbluobt t bluobt fck blstaok. Tksk ljsksscl`s vclfatk lur rkfatcl`sbcps wctb ltbkrs a`d skf. Tk iblcik l lfflwc`o tbk wrl`o dkscrk iyifks c`tl jkbavclr tbat cs il`trary tl lur flvk lr lur splusk. Tcs `kkd fkads tl skf-ik`tkrkd tbc`hc`o, wbcib fkads tl aitc`o l` tblsk tbluobts. Tksk tbluobts tbk` c`murk tblsk wbl bavk attaibkd tbkcr fcvks tl lurs. A`d rkekejkr, rkekejkr, aff l tbksk dkscrks a`d jkbavclrs ark c`il`scstk`t wctb tbk dkscrks wk startkd wctb c` lur bkart—tl jk a ikrtac` hc`d l pkrsl` c` lur rkfatcl`sbcps. 9.1 Blw dl ylu rkspl`d tl tbk statkek`t= ‖Jktrayaf jkoc`s wctb skfg―<

9.: C` wbat ways bavk ylu kxpkrck`ikd wrl`o dkscrks iyifc`o c`tl jkbavclr

tbat cs il`trary tl flvk, kctbkr c` ylur earrcaok lr c` ltbkr rkfatcl`sbcps<

Tk skil`d baf l tbk t bk iyifk dkafs wctb lur rkspl`sk tl wbat wk–vk wk–vk dl`k. C wk pkrikcvk wk–vk wk–vk dl`k slektbc`o wrl`o, wk usuaffy kxpkrck`ik oucft (‖C dcd jad―), kar (‖Blw wcff tbk ltbkr pkrsl` `lw rkspl`d tl ek<―), a`d sbaek (‖C ae jad―). As ek`tcl`kd jklrk, jklrk, tbksk kkfc`os ark a rk﬊kitcl` l lur jkfck, jut jkiausk wk–vk wk–vk elvkd c`tl skf-dkikps kf-dkikptcl` ratbkr tba` t ba` tahc`o pkrsl`af rkspl`scjcfcty lr wbat–s wbat–s bappk`kd, wk sbcg tbk jfaek, tbkrkjy mustcyc`o lur aitcl`s. C wk jkoc` jfaec`o ltbkrs lr lur aitcl`s, wk ark rkaffy `l fl`okr il`ikr`kd lr 34

KEY L`fc`k

tbke, jut ratbkr skk tbke as a prljfke tl il`trlf a`d ea`aok. C tbky dl`–t h`lw wbat–s wbat–s olc`o l`, tbk` wk bcdk wbat wk–vk dl`k. dl`k. C tbky okt upskt wctb us, wk try tr y tl selltb tbc`os lvkr jy tkffc`o tbke wk–rk wk–rk slrry a`d tryc`o tr yc`o tl okt tbke tl lrocvk us. Tk l`fy prljfke cs tbat l`ik wk elvk c`tl skf-dkikptcl`, wk ark `l fl`okr aitc`o rle a il`ikr` lr tbke, jut ratbkr rle a il`ikr` lr blw tbky–rk trkatc`o us. Gc`affy, tl avlcd kkfc`o sbaek, wk skf-mustcy (kxtlffc`o lur vcrtuk), a`d flsk aff pkrspkitcvk l wbat wk–vk dl`k a`d wbl wk ark. _k tbk` jkoc` tl ‖prktk`d `lreaf―—aitc`o as c `ltbc`o kvk` bappk`kd. A`d wbat bappk`s tl lur splusks< _bk` wk dcsrkoard tbke jy lur aitcl`s, tbky okt squkkzkd a`d sl tbky aik tbkcr t bkcr lw` irlssrlads, tbkcr pkrsl`af twl-iblcik dcfkeea, a`d eay jkoc` tbkcr lw` Iyifk l Gacfurk. C tbky jktray tbkcr bkart jy aitc`o u`flvc`ofy tlward us, tbk` tbky–ff jfaek us lr tbkcr acfurk, a`d wbk` tbky wlu`d us, wk okt squkkzkd a`d wk jfaek tbke lr lur `kxt skt l aitcl`s tbat bare tbke. Kvk`tuaffy ct–s as c ilupfks jkoc` tl ilffudk wctb kaib ltbkr tl eac`tac` tbk iyifk. Ct–s `lt tbat wk rkaffy wa`t lur eatks tl ait as tbky dl, ykt c tbky wkrk tl quct jfaec`o us a`d jkoc` tl eldcy tbkcr t bkcr jkbavclr, jkbavclr, tbk` wk ilufd `l fl`okr jfaek tbke tl mustcy lur jkbavclr. jkbavclr. ypciaffy wk jfaek kaib ltbkr a`d pusb kaib k aib ltbkr tbrluob tbk iyifk astkr a`d astkr. astkr. _k–ff tahk a iflskr fllh at tbk Iyifk l Gacfurk l` tbk `kxt paok.

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Iyifk lg Gacfurk

Oucft Zkduitcl`= Jfaek Ltbkrs - Glius l` tbkcr gaufts - Ec`ceczk tbkcr vcrtuk - Dkvafuk tbkcr `kkds - Eahk tbke tbk prljfke

Gkar Zkduitcl`= Il`trlf Ltbkrs - Ea`cpufatk - Ilvkr up - Yelltb lvkr - Glrocvk`kss

Ybaek   Zkduitcl`= Ykfg Dkikptcl` - ^fay Wcitce - Kxtlf ES vcrtuk - Ec`ceczk ey gaufts - Ea`aok ceaok - Ykfg mustcgciatcl` - Ykfg ceprlvkek`t

Gcourk 9.1 Iyifk lg Gacfurk

Zkrkad tbk Iyifk lg Gacfurk a`d fllh lvkr tbk orapbci dkpcitc`o ct. Tbk` a`swkr tbk glfflwc`o qukstcl`s il`ikr`c`o blw ylu a`d/lr ylur splusk bavk kxpkrck`ikd tbk Iyifk lg Gacfurk c` ylur fcvks a`d c` ylur earrcaok.

9.9 _bat tbc`os c` fcgk jkoa` tl squkkzk ylu c` a way tbat eadk ylu

u`satcsfikd< _bcib lg tbksk fcgk icriuesta`iks afflwkd ylu tl mustcgy ekktc`o ylur `kkds c` tbk wrl`o way<

37

KEY L`fc`k

9.4 9.4 _bat dkicscl`s a`d jkbavclrs rksuftkd grle tbksk wrl`o iblciks tbat

ylu gkkf (lr gkft) oucfty lr il`vcitkd ajlut<

^rktk`d `lreaf cs a lre l skf-dkikptcl` wbkrk ylu dk`y ylu bavk a prljfke kvk` c` fcobt l tbk l`olc`o `koatcvk il`skquk`iks l ylur jkbavclr. As wk say at A﬎acr Zkilvkry, ‖C ylu ia`–t aiikpt wbkrk ylu–rk at ylu ia` `kvkr okt tl wbkrk ylu–rk olc`o.― _bk` prktk`dc`o `lreaf ylu skk ltbkrs as tbk prljfke ratbkr tba` jkc`o ajfk tl skk ylur prljfke. Kxaepfks l ‖^rktk`d @lreaf― @lreaf― ocvk` jy past partcicpa`ts= part cicpa`ts= •

@lt sblwc`o keltcl` jkiausk C–e aracd ey eatk wl`–t wl`–t rkspl`d tl ey kkfc`os, sl C stu﬎ ey kkfc`os a`d prktk`d C–e lhay.

•

‖^rktk`d prayc`o― wctb ey rck`ds, `lt jkc`o bl`kst ajlut wbat C–e struoofc`o wctb.

•

ryc`o tl jk fchk ltbkr ek` lr wlek`.

•

[sc`o ey hcds as as a` a` kxiusk kxiusk lr lr `lt `lt jkc`o vuf`krajfk wctb ey ey eatk. eatk.

•

kffc`o lur hcds kvkrytbc`o cs fi`k, wbk` tbky h`lw slektbc`o cs wrl`o.

•

^rktk`dc`o C aorkk wctb ey ey eatk, wbk` c` rkafcty wk–rk wk–rk must avlcdc`o il`﬊cit.

•

Olc`o tl wlrh a`d lrokttc`o ajlut kvkrytbc`o kfsk, kfsk, jkiausk tbat–s tbat–s wbkrk C bavk il`trlf.

•

Bcdc`o ey addcitcl` addcitc l` rle ey eatk.

•

_afhc`o l` koosbkffs must tl hkkp tbk pkaik.

Fcst fivk ways ylu ‖prktk`d `lreaf― a`d avlcd tahc`o pkrsl`af rkspl`scjcfcty glr ylur aitcl`s. [sk tbk spaik prlvcdkd l` tbk glfflwc`o paok. Jk prkparkd tl sbark tbksk c` tbcs wkkh–s orlup ekktc`o.

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9.; Fcst ylur fivk ways tl ‖prktk`d `lreaf.―

1. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\ 

 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\  :. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 9. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\  4. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\  ;. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\ 

Ct–s surprcsc`o, jut tbk a`tcdltk tl ‖prktk`d `lreaf― cs`–t iba`oc`o jkbavclr8 ct jkoc`s jy scepfy jkc`o il`ikr`kd lr ltbkrs a`d iarc`o ajlut tbke, ratbkr tba` skkc`o tbke t bke as a prljfke. C tbk prljfke jkoa` wctb skf-jktrayaf, wbkrk wk jktraykd lur `aturk tl flvk, tbk` tbk slfutcl` jkoc`s wctb ibllsc`o tl flvk. Tk skil`d a`tcdltk tl ‖prktk`d `lreaf― cs tahc`o pkrsl`af rkspl`scjcfcty lr lur jkbavclr. At At A﬎acr Zkilvkry (AZ) l`k l lur avlrctk sayc`os cs, ‖Ey eatk cs `kvkr ey prljfke8 ey eatk l`fy rkvkafs tbk prljfke c` ek.― Tcs cs`–t tl say ey eatk dlks`–t bavk prljfkes—wk aff bavk lur jaooaok—jut ey eatk cs`–t rkspl`scjfk lr ey iblciks8 C ae. [`tcf C tahk pkrsl`af rkspl`scjcfcty lr ek, C ia` `kvkr iba`ok a`d wcff lrkvkr rkeac` tbk vcitce, c`iapajfk l flvk a`d l iba`ok. 9.7 Fcst fivk gkars ylu bavk glr ylur rkfatcl`sbcp cg ylu il`tc`uk c` tbk Iyifk

lg Gacfurk 1. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\  :. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\  9. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\  4. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\ 

 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\  ;. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

32

KEY L`fc`k

Gkar L`k kvk`c`o Ytkpba`ck a`d C wkrk travkfc`o tl ey :>-ykar ilffkok rku`cl`. Eusci fiffkd tbk iar as wk fauobkd ajlut tceks ol`k jy. Tkrk dcd`–t skke tl jk a iark c` tbk wlrfd— wk wkrk eahc`o olld tcek a`d fllhc`o lrward tl tbk t bk kvk`ts l tbk kvk`c`o a`d tbk fl`o-a`tcicpatkd fl`o-a`tcicpatkd rku`cl` l lfd rck`ds. Tk` suddk`fy C kft tbk k`oc`k iut lut a`d C qucihfy ofa`ikd at tbk oauoks. Tk tkepkraturk oauok was pkookd aff tbk way tl tbk rcobt. Yl euib lr a` u`kvk`tuf trcp. ^krsl`affy, C flvk bavc`o ‖cdclt fcobts― l` tbk c`struek`t pa`kf l ey iar. ll lgk` C bavk acfkd tl `ltcik tbk war`c`o sco`s c`dciatkd jy tbk oauoks l` tbk dasbjlard, l`fy tl ecss tbk ait tbat ey iar was lvkrbkatc`o, lr tbat tbk lcf prkssurk was flw. Jut ocvk ek a olld, slfcd-rkd cdclt fcobt sbc`c`o rcobt at ek a`d C–ff `ltcik ct kvkry tcek. Gkar aituaffy skrvks as l`k l tbk ‖cdclt ‖ cdclt fcobts― l` lur keltcl`af dasbjlard. Ct ia` lgk` jk a` c`dciatcl` tbat slektbc`o cs wrl`o c` tbk way wk pkrikcvk a sctuatcl`. Yircpturk says, ‖Glr Old bas `lt ocvk` us a spcrct l kar, jut l plwkr a`d l flvk a`d l a slu`d ec`d― : celtby 1=? (@HMW). : C `kkd tl rkilo`czk tbat tbkrk ark tceks wbk` kar cs c`il`scstk`t c`il`scstk`t wctb ey spcrct fck. Yl c wk ark `lt ocvk` tbk spcrct l kar, kar, wbat ark tbk lrcoc`s l kar< Ikrtac`fy tbkrk t bkrk ark tceks wbk` kar skrvks us wkff, war`c`o us l cepk`dc`o da`okr. l co`lrk kar wbk` tbkrk cs a tbrkat l pbysciaf bare lr l`olc`o ajusk wlufd jk llfcsb, jut tblsk ark `lt typciaffy tbk t bk sctuatcl`s prksk`tkd jy jktrayaf. Tkrk ark afsl tceks wbk` kar bas `l flociaf jascs. j ascs. C` tblsk iasks wk bavk a tk`dk`iy tl fcstk` a`d rkspl`d tl afsk keltcl`s ratbkr tba` wbat cs truk. Tcs cs kspkicaffy tbk iask wbk` rkilvkrc`o rle c`fidkfcty. As Fksfck Bardck at AZ says, ‖_k bavk a u`cquk way l usc`o tbk pac` l tbk past p ast tl aepfcy tbk kar l tbk uturk.― Yl blw dl wk rkspl`d< Tk first prljfke wctb kar dkafs wctb gactb wctb  gactb.. Ct–s `lt tbat a`y l us bavk a faih l  glius l lur actb. Gactb cs a` lroa` l actb. _k aff bavk actb8 tbk prljfke fcks c` tbk  glius l lur sluf, must as tbk kyk lr tbk kar cs a` lroa` l tbk jldy. Lur kyks dl`–t ok`kratk fcobt8 tbky l`fy pkrikcvk fcobt. Lur kars dl`–t dl`–t ok`kratk slu`d8 tbky l`fy rkikcvk slu`d. C lur kyks wkrk tl jkoc` ok`kratc`o fcobt, ct wlufd ikrtac`fy irkatk a prljfke, a`d tbk saek appfcks c lur kars jkoc` tl ok`kratk slu`d. C` tbk saek way, actb dlks`–t ok`kratk tbk wlrh l Old8 ct l`fy pkrikcvks tbk wlrh l Old. l jkfckvk ey actb cs wbat iausks Old tl ait cs arrloa`t tl say tbk fkast. Ey actb pkrikcvks pkrikcvks tbk ba`d l Old at wlrh c` ey ey fck. Tk prljfke jkoc`s wbk` C lius tbk ‖kyks l ey actb― l` a`ytbc`o tbat cs u`stajfk. Glr c`sta`ik, c`sta`ik, c C lius ey actb l` ey ajcfcty tl okt tbc`os rco bt, tbk` C–ff kxpkrck`ik

_kkh 9 | _by<

33

kar. C C lius ey actb l` ey eatk–s ajcfcty tl pkrlre tbk way C `kkd, lr tl jk wbat C `kkd, tbk` C–ff kxpkrck`ik kar. kar. Tk l`fy way tl fi`d truk pkaik cs tl lius ey actb l` slektbc`o u`iba`okajfk, u`elvajfk, u`elvajfk, a`d slfcd. C` ey fck, tbat wlufd jk Old. C C lius ey actb l` ey eatk–s ajcfcty tl bavk must tbk rcobt rkspl`sk at tbk plc`t l ircscs, tbk` C–ff kxpkrck`ik kar. kar. C ey lius cs l` ey ajcfcty tl dl tbc`os t bc`os rcobt lr ey splusk, tbk` C–ff kxpkrck`ik kar. l put ey actb c` slektbc`o buea` tl ilek tbrluob lr ek wcff l`fy rksuft c` kar. kar. Kvk` tbk jkst l us ark way tll u`prkdcitajfk. L`fy wbk` C okt tbk kyks l ey actb l﬎ l ltbkrs lr eyskf a`d l`tl Old wcff C jkoc` tl kxpkrck`ik pkaik. Tk skil`d prljfke wctb kar dkafs wctb tbk  guturk.  guturk. @lt l`fy cs kar a` c`dciatlr l ecspfaikd actb8 ct afsl rkvkafs a prljfke wctb ey lius c` tcek. _k dl`–t kar past sctuatcl`s jkiausk wk h`lw tbk lutilek8 wk l`fy kar uturk icriuesta`iks. C ylu dl`–t jkfckvk ek, rkvckw ylur fcst l kars ajlvk a`d skk c tbky–rk `lt aff uturk lrck`tkd. Old ocvks us aff tbk oraik wk `kkd tl ba`dfk a`y ocvk` sctuatcl`, jut Bk l`fy ocvks us tbk oraik wk `kkd c` tbk elek`t. Ct–s a jct fchk jrkatbc`o. C ia`–t tahk a jrkatb l acr lr tlelrrlw, tlelrrlw, lr kvk` lr tbk `kxt blur8 C ia` l`fy jrkatbk tbk acr C `kkd c` tbcs elek`t. C` tbk saek way, C ia` okt tbk oraik C `kkd, jut l`fy at tbk elek`t C `kkd ct. Blwkvkr, c C ol muepc`o tcek zl`ks a`d jkoc` ceaoc`c`o eyskf bavc`o tl ba`dfk slek uturk sctuatcl` jklrk C–vk C–vk rkikcvkd tbk oraik tl ba`dfk ct, tbk` tbk `kt rksuft wcff jk j k kar. kar. Agkr tbk rkvkfatcl` l a jktrayaf, j ktrayaf, ct–s `lreaf tl wa`t tl fllh c`tl tbk t bk uturk c` a` attkept attkept tl dkicdk wbktbkr lr `lt tl il`tc`uk c` tbk rkfatcl`sbcp, jut ylu ia` `kvkr tkff tbk k`d l tbk t bk stlry jy tbk jkoc``c`o. C wlufd`–t wlufd`–t assuek tbat a`yl`k c` tbcs typk l ircscs wlufd bavk tbk strk`otb tl wafh tbcs dc﬉iuft rlad lr tbk `kxt 1: el`tbs, jut C dl h`lw Old wcff ocvk o cvk k`luob oraik lr kaib day as ct ileks. C` Eattbkw 7=94, Mksus c`struitkd Bcs dcsicpfks `lt tl wlrr y ajlut tlelrrlw, tlelrrlw, jkiausk tlday bas k`luob trlujfk l cts lw`. C`stkad tbky wkrk tl ‖skkh first XBcsU hc`odle― (v. 99, @HMW). : Gliusc`o l` tlelrrlw wcff l`fy jrc`o kar. [sk kar as a` ‖cdclt fcobt― l` ylur keltcl`af dasbjlard. _bk` ylu kxpkrck`ik kar, kar, first kvafuatk tbk lius l ylur actb. Gcrst qukstcl`= Cs ylur actb liuskd l` slektbc`o stajfk lr u`stajfk< Zkec`d ylurskf tbat Old ilufd jk dlc`o slektbc`o c` ylur icriuesta`iks, a`d afflw ylurskf tl wl`dkr blw Bk–s olc`o tl eahk slektbc`o olld lut l tbcs ekss. @kxt qukstcl`= _bat tcek zl`k ark ylu fcvc`o c`< Ark ylu fcvc`o c` tbk elek`t wbkrk ylu ia` rkikcvk tbk oraik ylu `kkd, lr bavk ylu muepkd tl tbk uturk a`d ylu–rk ylu–rk tryc`o tl dkaf wctb a` ceaoc`kd icriuesta`ik apart rle tbk oraik o raik l Old< Zkekejkr, ylu wcff bavk ajlut as euib iba`ik tl tahk a jrkatb l acr lr tlelrrlw as ylu wcff bavk c` kxpkrck`ic`o Old–s oraik c` ylur ceaoc`c`os l tlelrrlw.

1>>

KEY L`fc`k

9.? L` wbat u`stajfk tbc`os lr pklpfk bavk ylu pfaikd ylur ‖kyks lg gactb―

a`d blw bas tbat fkd tl gkar c` ylur iurrk`t earrcaok sctuatcl`<

9.2 _bat sctuatcl`s ark iurrk`tfy iausc`o ylu tl muep tcek zl`ks a`d glius

l` tbk guturk, fkadc`o tl gkar<

9.3 Blw ia` ylu rkilo`czk tbk ‖cdclt fcobt― lg gkar a`d hkkp ct grle a﬎kitc`o

ylur rkilvkry<

Yueeary lg tbk Iyifk lg Gacfurk Fck bas a way l jrc`oc`o tbk u`kxpkitkd. Tcs squkkzks s qukkzks us, iausc`o strkss. C` tbk strkss, wk rkilo`czk tbk `kkds wk bavk tbat ark`–t ark`–t jkc`o ekt. Tcs fkads tl a tkeptatcl` tl jktray lur lw` `aturk tl flvk c` lrdkr tl okt lur `kkds ekt. C wk acf tl lfflw lur bkart, wk–ff jkoc` fllhc`o fl lhc`o tl lur lw` skf-c`tkrkst skf-c`tkrkst ratbkr tba` flvc`o a`ltbkr. a`ltbkr. Tcs skf-ik`tkrkd skf-ik`tkrkd apprlaib kvk`tuaffy iausks us tl wlu`d tblsk wbl ark attaibkd tl us jy lur attkepts tl ekkt lur lw` `kkds. Tcs T cs cs lgk` wbkrk addcitcl`s ilek c`. _bk` wk rkafczk wk–vk wk–vk burt tblsk wk flvk, wk skkh ways tl jkilek aiikptajfk aoac`. Tcs cs lur prktk`d `lreaf—‖prktk`d― jkiausk ct bas`–t addrksskd tbk rkaf prljfkes u`dkr`katb lur dkicscl`s. Glr a wbcfk wk–rk lhay, jut tbk` fck squkkzks us aoac` a`d wk swc`o jaih c`tl tbk saek iyifk.

_kkh 9 | _by< 1>1

KEY L`fc`k= ^aok 32, [`gactbguf8 ^aok 1>:, Jktraykd. XGcourk 9.: Dkikcvkd Ykfg vs. Truk YkfgU

Cg wk–rk jlr` D.L.A…

Fllh Tl Ltbkrs

@kkd Glr Zkfatcl`sbcp

Jk Olld K`luob Olld Eatk Iarc`o

   d    a    j    s    a    k    i    c   w    T

Jcjfk Ytudy

Ilu`skfc`o

Yuiikssguf

Olld K`luob

^krglrea`ik

Yk`sctcvk

^fkasc`o

Gu``y

Flvk Aiikpta`ik

Ykfg K`oc`kkrc`o 

Ykiurcty

Ykfg Kstkke Ykfg Eltcvatkd 

Zkspkit

Ykfg Assurkd 

Assura`ik

Ykfg Il`ikpt 

Yco`cgcia`ik

^.C.^. Dkikcvkd Ykfg 

Fllh tl skfg 

(-) Dcsapplc`tek`t

(+) C`tkffcok`t

[`aiikptajfk [`flvajfk

Trustwlrtby Iapajfk

C`adkquatk Yuiikssguf Gcourk 9.: Dkikcvkd Ykfg vs. Truk Ykfg

, ,

.

,

.

.

Tbk Zllt lg tbk ^rljfke ,

,

.

.

,

.

Afilblf

Kxpfldk

Druos

Zkmkit Ltbkrs

Ykx

Il`trlf

^lr`

Ybl

 I   l `  t   r   a r   y  T   l F 

c`

, ,

, ,

,

.

.

As ek`tcl`kd karfckr, wk–rk aff irkatkd wctb a `kkd tl jk l`k. Lur rkfatcl`sbcps ark as ceplrta`t as acr a`d watkr. Tky ark, c` ait, a prceary drcvc`o lrik l fck. _rcttk` wctbc` lur D@A ark lur `kkds lr flvk, aiikpta`ik, skiurcty, skiurcty, rkspkit, a`d sco`cfiia`ik, jut lr slek rkasl` tbc`os dl`–t skke tl wlrh lut. _by< C–e olc`o olc`o tl kxpfac` tbc`os rle a tbklflociaf t bklflociaf pkrspkitcvk ratbkr tba` a psyiblflociaf pkrspkitcvk, scepfy jkiausk tbklfloy addrkssks tbcs cssuk at a eairl fkvkf, wbcfk wbc fk psyiblfloy addrkssks ct at a ecirl fkvkf. Grle a psyiblflociaf pkrspkitcvk, t bk rkasl`s wk dl wbat wk dl ark u`cquk tl kaib k aib c`dcvcduaf a`d ia` tahk ykars tl dcsilvkr. dcsilvkr. Kxpflrc`o tbk wby rle a tbklflociaf pkrspkitcvk p krspkitcvk afflws us tl kxpfac` jkbavclrs c` ok`kraf tkres tbat aff l us ia` rkfatk tl. Aiilrdc`o Aiilrdc`o tl tbk autblr l Ok`kscs, wk wkrk irkatkd c` tbk ceaok l Old. Old cs tbk Old l flvk, a`d Bk irkatkd us tl jk c` rkfatcl`sbcp rkfatcl`sbcp wctb Bce. Bk pfaikd tbk first buea`s c` a oardk`, a`d c` tbk oardk` prlvcdkd lr aff tbk `kkds l ea` a`d wlea`. C`tkrkstc`ofy, C`tkrkstc`ofy, tbkrk wkrk twl trkks t rkks c` tbk oardk` tbat tllh l` sco`cfiia`ik. sco `cfiia`ik. L`k was tbk trkk l fck, rle wbcib tbky wkrk rkk tl kat, a`d tbk skil`d was tbk t rkk l tbk h`lwfkdok l olld a`d kvcf, rle wbcib tbky t bky wkrk lrjcddk` tl kat. As C il`scdkr tbat stlry, stlry, ct skkes tbk elst plwkruf tllf ea` a`d wlea` bad was rkk wcff. Tky ilufd kctbkr ibllsk tl fcvk c` sujecsscl` tl Old (wbcib cs wbat tbkcr t bkcr wcff was irkatkd lr), lr tbky

1>:

KEY L`fc`k

ilufd ibllsk tl wa`t tl jk fchk Old a`d kxkricsk tbkcr wcff tl dl wbat tbky u`dkrstlld tl jk olld lr kvcf. Ct cs c`tkrkstc`o blw pklpfk tk`d tl ol l﬎ a`d scdkways at tbk t bk wlrd sujecsscl`. sujecsscl`. Ct cs `lt tbk saek tbc`o as sujmkitcl`. sujmkitcl`. Ct cs a way l rkspl`dc`o tl ltbkrs tbat afflws rkfatcl`sbcp. rkfatcl`sbcp. Ct cs tbk rkspl`sk C eahk tbat afflws ltbkrs tl uffiff tbkcr rlfks c` ey fck. _bk` C suject tl tbk faws l tbk olvkr`ek`t, aff C–e dlc`o cs aih`lwfkdoc`o cts rlfk a`d rkspl`dc`o c` suib a way tbat afflws tbat rlfk tl jk uffiffkd. Yujecsscl` c` `l way bc`dkrs ey rkkdle. C dkfi`k  grkkdle as  grkkdle as tbk ajcfcty tl rkspl`d as C trufy t rufy ae, rkoardfkss l icriuesta`iks. Tk ea` a`d wlea` c` tbk Ok`kscs stlry kxkricskd tbkcr wcff tl try tl jk fchk Old ratbkr tba` tl ibllsk fck. @kctbkr l tbke, c` a`d l tbkeskfvks, was iapajfk l ekktc`o tbk ltbkr–s `kkds lr flvk, aiikpta`ik, skiurcty, rkspkit, a`d sco`cfiia`ik. At tbat elek`t buea`cty buea`cty jkoa` fllhc`o tl slektbc`o kfsk tl jk tbk slurik l fck ratbkr tba` Old, tbk l`k wbl irkatkd tbke. @lw, ylu eay wl`dkr wbat aff l tbcs bas tl dl wctb c`fidkfcty. C` a sk`sk, kvkrytbc`o. Zkekejkr, okttc`o lur `kkds ekt cs as ceplrta`t as acr a`d watkr. _bk` lur eatk dcsapplc`ts dcsapplc`ts (wbcib wcff afways bappk`) wk wcff kctbkr jk truk tl lur `aturk tl flvk lr jktray lurskfvks a`d ibllsk tl ekkt lur `kkds at tbk kxpk`sk l lur eatk. Lur jasci prljfke cs tbat wk–rk jlr` fchk a jra`ib c` a vask. Kvkry day tbat wk–rk tryc`o tl fcvk, wk–rk rkaffy dyc`o. [ftceatkfy wk `kkd a slurik l fck, a`d wbk` lur eatk acfs tl satcsy, satcsy, wk fllh lr slektbc`o jkyl`d lur eatk c` wbcib tl fi`d fck. Lur pkrsl`af jaooaok tbat wk addrksskd karfckr cs wbat dktkrec`ks wbat lr blw wk ibllsk tl fi`d fck. C ylu–rk ylu–rk fcvc`o u`dkr a systke tbat jkfckvks ylu ia` jk fchk Old, tbk` tbk typciaf apprlaib tl acfurk cs skf-ceprlvkek`t. _k attkept tl dl jkttkr  c`  c` lrdkr tl okt lur `kkds ekt. L`fy prljfke, cs ct kvkr rkaffy olld k`luob< l ey h`lwfkdok l`fy l`k pkrsl` bas kvkr olttk` ct rcobt, a`d tbat wlufd jk Mksus. _bk` wk skk tbat lur iurrk`t apprlaib tl ekktc`o `kkds lr rkspl`dc`o tl lur eatk–s `kkds cs `lt wlrhc`o, wk fllh lr a way tl iba`ok tbc`os. A ‖first-lrdkr― iba`ok, wbcib cs tbk `lreaf apprlaib lr buea`s, buea`s, cs tl try a`d dl jkttkr. C ylu fllh at fck fchk tbk oaek l jaskjaff, tbk` first-lrdkr iba`ok wlufd jk tryc`o tr yc`o tl ceprlvk ylur pkrlrea`ik sl ylu ilufd wc` tbk oaek. Ykil`d-lrdkr iba`ok cs slektbc`o k`tcrkfy dc﬎krk`t. Zatbkr tba` tryc`o tr yc`o tl ceprlvk at jaskjaff, skil`d-lrdkr iba`ok cs ajlut jkoc``c`o tl pfay sliikr. Ct cs a tltaf sbcg c` ylur iblciks a`d c` tbk k`d olaf. Ct–s tbc`hc`o dc﬎krk`tfy. Ct cs a` k`tcrkfy dc﬎krk`t olaf, a `kw oaek, a `kw iyifk. i yifk. Tcs hc`d l iba`ok cs dkkpkr. Ct–s tbk spcrctuaf slfutcl`. _k iaff ct tbk Iyifk l Oraik.

_kkh 9 | _by< 1>9

• •

•

• •

Gcourk 9.9 Iyifk lg Oraik

Iyifk lg Oraik Tk stlry l tbk t bk oardk` c` Ok`kscs rkvkafs twl vkry dc﬎krk`t apprlaibks apprlaibks tl fck. Tk first baf l tbk stlry rkvkafs tbk patb p atb l tbk truk skfg . Tcs cs tbk patb l fck a`d rkkdle tbrluob lur partcicpatcl` wctb Old. Tk skil`d baf l t bk stlry cs ajlut tbk dkikcvkd skfg . Tcs patb cs pkrlrea`ik-jaskd a`d cs liuskd l` ‖okttc`o ey `kkds ekt.― Tk  mlur`ky l rkilvkry rkilvkry bas ar elrk elrk tl dl wctb okttc`o jaih tl tbk truk skf tba` ct dlks savc`o earrcaoks. C`fidkfcty stkes rle a systke tbat bas `kvkr suiikkdkd. Ct–s a systke wbkrk wk try tl jk fchk Old jy tr yc`o tl prlvcdk fck ctskf tl tblsk arlu`d us a`d tryc`o tl aiqucrk fck rle tblsk saek pklpfk wk–rk tryc`o tl c`usk wctb fck. Ct–s a jct fchk twl tcihs a`d `l dlo—jltb ark dkspkratkfy suihc`o fck–s jflld rle l`k a`ltbkr, l`fy tl rkeac` kepty. kepty. @l pkrsl` wcff kvkr jk iapajfk l uffy ekktc`o lur `kkds. C` ait, l`fy jy acfurk ia` wk kvk` jkoc` tl fi`d fck a`d rkkdle. Ykil`d-lrdkr Ykil`d-lrdkr iba`ok cs elrk tba` plsscjfk, jut tbk l`fy iurrk`iy wk ia` usk tl elvk rle tbk dkikcvkd skf tl tbk truk skf cs lur kol a`d prcdk. Ct–s `lt ajlut tryc`o tl fcvk a jkttkr fck8 ct–s ajlut `kw fck. Tk `cobt C rkvkafkd ey skirkt fck tl a ek`tlr, bk ashkd ek, ‖_bat–s tbk il`skquk`ik l sc`<―

1>4

KEY L`fc`k

‖Grle wbat C u`dkrsta`d, ct wlufd jk dkatb,― C tlfd bce. ‖Tk` a`ytbc`o tbat tblsk ylu bavk burt dl tl ylu, sblrt l hcffc`o ylu, wcff rkaffy jk ekriy.― ‖Tat–s scih,― C tlfd bce, jut tbk elrk C tbluobt ajlut ct, tbk elrk sk`sk ct eadk. Eayjk C was`–t was`–t rkaffy okttc`o wbat C dkskrvkd. Bkrk–s a`ltbkr way tl u`dkrsta`d tbcs. Slu a`d C ark pfayc`o jaff a`d wk tbrlw tbk jaff tbrluob a wc`dlw. C wk ol tl tbk lw`kr a`d say, ‖Bky, wk jrlhk ylur wc`dlw,― bk ecobt tkff us, ‖ Tat–ff jk $;>.― $;>.― C wk pay ct, tbat cs wbat wk iaff  mustcik—wk  mustcik—wk pacd lr wbat wk dcd. Blwkvkr c wk ark pfayc`o jaff a`d tbrlw tbk jaff tbrluob tbk wc`dlw, a`d ol tl tbk lw`kr a`d say, ‖Bky, wk jrlhk ylur wc`dlw,― bk ecobt say, ‖Tat–ff jk $;>. Jut dl`–t wlrry ajlut ct. Slu ouys ark must bavc`o a olld tcek. C–ff tahk iark l ct.― Tat cs wbat wk iaff ekriy . _k dl`–t bavk tl pay lr wbat wk dkskrvk. Gc`affy, c ylu a`d C ark pfayc`o jaff a`d tbrlw tbk t bk jaff tbrluob a wc`dlw, wc`dlw, a`d ol tl tbk lw`kr a`d say, ‖Bky ‖Bky wk jrlhk ylur wc`dlw,― bk ecobt say, ‖Tat–ff jk $;>, jut dl`–t wlrry ajlut ct. Slu ouys ark must bavc`o a olld tcek. _lufd ylu ouys fchk tl ilek c` a`d bavk slek cik irkae<― Tat cs wbat cs iaffkd oraik iaffkd  oraik.. _k `lt l`fy dl`–t bavk tl pay lr wbat wk dcd, wk okt cik irkae. C` bc`dscobt, C rkafczk C `kvkr pacd tbk prcik lr wbat C dcd. C`stkad l okttc`o wbat C dkskrvkd, C olt elrk l Old–s tlfkra`ik, patck`ik, ekriy, hc`d`kss, flvk, a`d oraik. C` rkafcty tbk il`skquk`ik lr ey c`fidkfcty was a jfkssc`o. [`dkrsta`dc`o [`dkrsta`dc`o tbcs il`ikpt cs irctciaf lr tblsk wbl w bl wa`t tl elvk rle tbk dkikcvkd skf, wbkrk ‖C bavk tl prlvk tbat C ia` dl jkttkr,― tl tbk truk skf, wbkrk ‖C okt irkdct lr kvkrytbc`o C `kvkr dcd.― L`ik C rkilo`czk tbat ct cs Old wbl w bl uftceatkfy pays tbk prcik lr wbat C dcd, ct rkks ek rle bavc`o tl dkk`d ey aitcl`s a`d afflws ek tl orckvk lvkr wbat C–vk dl`k tl Old a`d tl ltbkrs. Tcs rkkdle rle tbk il`skquk`iks l wbat C–vk dl`k a﬎lrds ek tbk lpplrtu`cty tl skk tbk sctuatcl` a`d wbat C–vk dl`k c` a dc﬎krk`t way. Tk wlrd rkpk`t  fctkraffy  fctkraffy eka`s ‖tl tbc`h dc﬎krk`tfy.― Ct eka`s C jkoc` tl skk a`d u`dkrsta`d wbat C–vk dl`k rle Old–s Old–s pkrspkitcvk. Tk sbcg c` blw C pkrikcvk ey icriuesta`ik icriuesta`ik cs wbat c`ctcatks tbk iba`ok c` ey jkbavclr. L`ik C vckw ey icriuesta`iks rle a `kw pkrspkitcvk, `lt l`fy dlks ey jkbavclr iba`ok jut afsl ey wlrds. Tk Orkkh wlrd lr il`gksscl` cs il`gksscl` cs dkrcvkd rle twl rllt wlrds= blels  wbcib eka`s ‖saek― a`d fkol  wbcib eka`s ‖tl spkah.― Blels cs Blels cs tbk rllt lr tbk wlrd blelok`czkd . _bk` wk drc`h blelok`czkd ecfh, ct–s ct–s tbk saek tbrluob a`d tbrluob8 t brluob8 ct dlks`–t dlks`–t skparatk c`tl faykrs. Grle a spcrctuaf pkrspkitcvk, c rkpk`ta`ik eka`s wk `lw skk tbk sctuatcl` as Old dlks, tbk` tl il`kss wlufd eka` eka` tbat ,

,

_kkh 9 | _by< 1>;

wk spkah ajlut wbat wk bavk dl`k as Old wlufd. Lur wlrds ajlut wbat bappk`kd sblufd tbk` rk﬊kit blw Old Ol d wlufd spkah ajlut tbat t bat icriuesta`ik. Tat cs wby C jkfckvk tbk il`ikpt l oraik cs iruicaf c` rkilvkry. rkilvkry. C C–e `lt part l tbk systke wbkrk C okt irkdct lr kvkrytbc`o C `kvkr dcd (oraik), tbk` tbk l`fy tbc`o C ia` dl cs try t ry a`d dkk`d ey aitcl`s lr jfaek ltbkrs. Oraik a﬎lrds us tbk lpplrtu`cty tl bl`kstfy fllh at wbat wk–vk wk–vk dl`k wctblut tbk kar l il`skquk`iks. Ct cs fchk okttc`o ceeu`cty rle lur ircek sl tbat wk ia` rkkfy tkstcy tl wbat wk bavk dl`k wctblut bavc`o tl kar tbk il`skquk`iks. Slu ecobt jk kkfc`o slrry lr ylurskf as tbk jktraykd party c` tbcs earctaf c`fidkfcty, jut c` rkafcty ylu il`trcjutk tl ylur lw` Iyifk l Gacfurk a`d ark must as euib c` `kkd l u`dkrsta`dc`o tbk Iyifk l Oraik. C ylu kkf ylu ark kxpkrck`ic`o barsb lr kxtrkek il`skquk`iks l a`y hc`d rle ylur lw` ecstahks a`d wrl`o iblciks, rkekejkr tbat ey kxpkrck`ik says C `kvkr olt wbat C rkaffy dkskrvkd, a`d lr tbat C–e oratkuf. C c`vctk ylu tl jk a part l Old–s Old–s orkatkst ecraifk= ‖Bk tahks tbk wlrst tbc`o tbat kvkr bappk`kd, a`d eahks ct tbk jkst.― Tcs wkkh–s wkkh–s vcdkl prlvcdks a elrk c`-dkptb kxpfa`atcl` l jltb tbk dkikcvkd skf a`d truk skf. At tbk vkry fkast C blpk ylu u`dkrsta`d tbat tbkrk cs a dc﬎krk`t patb tba` tbk l`k ylu–vk jkk` tahc`o, a`d ct l﬎krs jltb tbk fck a`d rkkdle tbat ylu–rk fllhc`o lr. 9.1> Dksircjk tbk Iyifk lg Oraik c` ylur lw` wlrds, c`ifudc`o blw ylu

u`dkrsta`d rkpk`ta`ik a`d il`gksscl`.

9.11

Blw ia` fcvc`o u`dkr tbk Iyifk lg Oraik c`stkad lg tbk Iyifk lg Gacfurk bkfp ylu pkrsl`affy as ylu skkh tl u`dkrsta`d ylurskfg a`d orlw as a` c`dcvcduaf<

9.1: Blw ia` ct bkfp ylu a`d ylur splusk c` rkilvkry<

1>7

KEY L`fc`k

Zkvckw tbk vcdkl a`d/lr ylur `ltks grle tbk vcdkl a`d tbk` a`swkr tbk glfflwc`o qukstcl`s=

9.19 Dksircjk tbk dc﬎krk`ik jktwkk` tbk dkikcvkd skfg a`d tbk truk skfg.

9.14 Blw ia` u`dkrsta`dc`o tbk twl apprlaibks tl fcgk rkvkafkd c` tbk

Ok`kscs stlry bkfp ylu elvk grle ylur dkikcvkd skfg tl ylur truk skfg<

^artcicpatk c` ylur wkkhfy orlup ekktc`o. As ylu ekkt, rkekejkr tl bavk ylur a`swkrs tl tbk qukstcl`s l` tbk Iyifk lg Gacfurk, gkar, prktk`d `lreaf, a`d tbk Iyifk lg Oraik rkady as ylu partcicpatk wctb tbk orlup dcsiusscl`.

Il`ifuscl` Slu–vk `lw eadk ct tbrluob tbk first tbrkk wkkhs l tbcs rkilvkry mlur`ky. _bcfk ct eay skke as c ylu–vk ylu–vk must jkou`, ylu–vk afsl eadk ct tbrluob tbk t bk first dc﬉iuft parts l tbcs 19-wkkh kxpkrck`ik. Slu–vk wlrhkd l` tbk ‖wbat― jy fcstk`c`o tl ylur splusk sbark tbk stlry8 ylu–vk ylu–vk fkar`kd blw tl ash a`d a`swkr qukstcl`s wctb ylur splusk8 a`d ylu–vk ylu–vk jkou` tl u`dkrsta`d tbk ‖wby― jkbc`d tbk rkafcty l c`fidkfcty—jltb c` lur slickty as a wblfk a`d c` ylur earrcaok c` partciufar. @kxt wkkh wk wcff jkoc` tl kxpflrk a iruicaf kfkek`t c` rkilvkry lr jltb ylu a`d ylur splusk—fkar`c`o tl urtbkr u`dkrsta`d keltcl`s, a`d blw tl dkaf wctb tbk way rkec`dkrs l tbk c`fidkfcty trcookr tblsk keltcl`s lr jltb ylu a`d ylur splusk.

_kkh 9 | _by< 1>?