BEHAVIORISMO E PERSONALIDADE

0 B@L]NA@AM M\Q@LFD AM \À AM \@HQ@ L@Q@[FH@

NM@HA[D AM \D]U@ L]HC@

KMC@RFD[F\ID M WM[\DH@NFA@AM

\ÌD ED\Æ ;700

;

NM@HA[D AM \D]U@ L]HC@

KMC@RFD[F\ID M WM[\DH@NFA@AM M M\QDAD AM L@\D LDI D BFNIM M] IM\ID M F[MHM

Q{`k`ncd `w{m|mhq`ad ç af|lfwnfh` am W|fldndjf` a` Wm{|dh`nfa`am. a` B`l}na`am M|qàlfd am \à(

\ÌD ED\Æ ;700

< \]IÀ[FD

\]IÀ[FD(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( < 0(7 FHQ[DA]ÊÌD(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 1 ;(7 CF\QÜ[F@ AD KMC@RFD[F\ID(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((= <(7 KMC@RFD[F\ID LN@\\FLD D] IMQDADNÜJFLD(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((2 1(7 KMC@RFD[F\ID [@AFL@N((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2 =(7 LDIWD[Q@IMHQD\ DWM[@HQM\ M [M\WDHAMHQM\ ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( : 2(7 [MBD[Ê@IMHQD DWM[@HQM((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 3 2(; W}hfêìd(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((07 2(< Ldhq{dnm am m|qéi}nd|((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 00 2(1 Af|l{fifh`êìd ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 00 2(= Jmhm{`nfu`êìd(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((0; :(7 KMC@RFD[F\ID M @ WM[\DH@NFA@AM (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0< 3(7 M\Q]AD AM L@\D5 (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 01 6(7 LDHLN]\ÌD (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0: 07(7 KFKNFDJ[@BF@(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 03

1 0(7 FHQ[DA]ÊÌD Mqfidndjfl`imhqm. Wm{|dh`nfa`am am{fr` ad n`qfi )  wm{|dh` ) p}m |fjhfbfl`r` ià|l`{`. d} |me`. `p}fnd p}m p}m{mid| w`{mlm{ `d| d}q{d|. m{` ldi m||` ià|l`{` p}m d| `qd{m| am qm`q{d {di`hd `hqfjd {mw{m|mhq`r`i |m}| w`wæf| ldi ` bfh`nfa`am am p}m |}` rdu d} ` a` wm{|dh`jmi bd||m {mldhcmlfa`( Wm{|dh`nfa`am æ }i qm{id p}m `w{m|mhq` i}fq`| r`{f`êým| am |fjhfbfl`ad( Mi jm{`n {mw{m|mhq` }i` hdêìd am }hfa`am fhqmj{`qfr` ad |m{ c}i`hd. w{m||}wdhad }i` faæf` am qdq`nfa`am( D mhbdp}m lmhq{`n am||m q{`k`ncd |m{à af|l}qf{ m m|ln`{mlm{ d |fjhfbfl`ad am wm{|dh`nfa`am h` rf|ìd am }i  kmc`rfd{f|q`(

= ;(7 CF\QÜ[F@ AD KMC@RFD[F\ID D qm{id fhjnå| kmc`rfd{  |fjhfbfl` ldiwd{q`imhqd( Q`ikæi }qfnfu`id| d}q{d| hdim| w`{` ldiw{mmhaå)n`. ldid ldiwd{q`imhq`nf|id. qmd{f` ldiwd{q`imhq`n d} `hànf|m mswm{fimhq`n ad ldiwd{q`imhqd( D Kmc`rfd{f|id bdf }i idrfimhqd am j{`ham fiw`lqd hd l`iwd a` W|fldndjf` idam{h`. fhbn}mhlf`had hd| |mqd{m| ad m|q}ad ad ldiwd{q`imhqd c}i`hd. h`| qmd{f`| a` `w{mhafu`jmi m  wm{|dh`nfa`am `qæ ç| bd{i`| am w|fldqm{`wf`|( \}{jf} mi dwd|fêìd `d imhq`nf|id. Edch K( Z`q|dh `bf{i`r` p}m |m mswnfl` ` msw{m||ìd „dwd|fêìd `d imhq`nf|id’. {m`nfu`had mswm{fimhqd| m qf{`had ldhln}|ým| `q{`ræ| a` dk|m{r`êìd ad ldiwd{q`imhqd #N}fu`|fi`|(}dn(ldi(k{$kmc`rfd{f|id. 71$;700&( Z`q|dh l{fd} d qm{id Kmc`rfd{f|id mi }i `{qfjd mi 060<. lc`i`ad5 +W|fldndjf` ldid d| kmc`rfd{f|q`| ` råmi+( Mnm hìd m|q`r` w{dwdhad }i` hdr` lfåhlf`. i`| ambmhamhad ` faæf` am p}m ` W|fldndjf` amrm{f` |m{ {mambfhfa` ldid }i` lfåhlf` p}m m|q}a` d ldiwd{q`imhqd #`aifhf|q{`ad{m|(ldi(k{$w{da}êìd)`l`amifl`. 71$;700&( Z`q|dh `l{mafq`r` p}m d ldiwd{q`imhqd m{` d dkemqd a` w|fldndjf`. m p}m a`r` ` m|q` lfåhlf` ` ldh|f|qåhlf` p}m d| w|flündjd| a` æwdl` k}|l`r`i( ]i dkemqd dk|m{ràrmn. imh|}{àrmn. p}m wdaf` |m{ {mw{da}ufad mi afbm{mhqm| ldhafêým| m mi afbm{mhqm| |}emfqd|( M||`| l`{`lqm{é|qfl`| m{`i fiwd{q`hqm| w`{` p}m ` W|fldndjf` `nl`hê`||m d |q`q}| am lfåhlf`. {diwmhad ambfhfqfr`imhqm ldi |}` q{`afêìd bfnd|übfl`( Am `ld{ad ldi OMNNM[ B( \( 06:7. æ fiwd{q`hqm m|ln`{mlm{ p}m d Kmc`rfd{f|id. `wm|`{  am ldndl`{ d ldiwd{q`imhqd ldid d dkemqd a` W|fldndjf`. ldh|fam{` p}m p}`had ldimê` ` {mn`lfdh`{ d| `|wmlqd| ad ldiwd{q`imhqd ldi d| ad imfd. cà ` wd||fkfnfa`am am msf|qf{ }i`  w|fldndjf` lfmhqébfl`( Wd{ f||d. d Kmc`rfd{f|id amafld})|m `d m|q}ad ad ldiwd{q`imhqd h` {mn`êìd p}m |m i`hqæi ldi d imfd `ikfmhqm( I`| ldid ldiwd{q`imhqd m imfd |ìd qm{id| i}fqd `iwnd| w`{` }i` `hànf|m am|l{fqfr` hm|q` lfåhlf`. d| w|flündjd| am|q` qmhaåhlf` lcmj`{`i `d| ldhlmfqd| am m|qéi}nd m {m|wd|q`(

2 Wd{q`hqd. d m|qéi}nd m {m|wd|q` w`||`i ` |m{ `| }hfa`am| kà|fl`| a` am|l{fêìd m d wdhqd am  w`{qfa` w`{` }i` lfåhlf` ad ldiwd{q`imhqd( D cdimi ldimê` ` |m{ m|q}a`ad ldid w{da}qd ad  w{dlm||d am `w{mhafu`jmi wmnd p}`n w`||` am|am ` fhbëhlf`. kmi ldid }i w{da}qd a`| `||dlf`êým| m|q`kmnmlfa`| a}{`hqm |}` rfa` fhqmf{` mhq{m d| m|qéi}nd| ad imfd m {m|wd|q`|. hd l`|d i`hfbm|q`êým| ldiwd{q`imhq`f| #k{`|fnm|ldn`(ldi(k{. 71$;700&(

<(7 KMC@RFD[F\ID LN@\\FLD D] IMQDADNÜJFLD D kmc`rfd{f|id lnà||fld qmi ldid w{fhlfw`n qmü{fld Edch K( Z`q|dh. p}m w{dwým p}m `  w|fldndjf` amrm{f` |m `qm{ mi a`ad| a` lfåhlf` p}m w}am||mi |m{ dk|m{r`ad|. d} |me`. ` w|fldndjf` amrm{f` `qm{)|m `d m|q}ad ad ldiwd{q`imhqd. qmhad ldid iæqdad| ` dk|m{r`êìd ldi d} |mi fh|q{}imhqd. qm|qm|. {mn`qd rm{k`n m d iæqdad ad {mbnmsd ldhaflfdh`ad( Wd{æi. `wm|`{ am `w{m|mhq`{  i`f| am }i iæqdad am m|q}ad. ` dk|m{r`êìd æ ` k`|m w`{` p}`np}m{ d}q{d( Z`q|dh ldh|fam{`r` d| mnmimhqd| ad ldiwd{q`imhqd dkemqd am m|q}ad a` w|fldndjf`. d} |me`. idrfimhqd| i}|l}n`{m| ad ld{wd m |ml{mêým| jn`ha}n`{m|( Ldid wmh|`r` mi }i` w|fldndjf` dkemqfr`. hìd `aifqf` ` faæf` am c`rm{ |}kemqfrfa`am d} imhq`nf|id( Q{`k`nc`r` ldi m|qéi}nd) {m|wd|q` #M)[& m ldi q{å| qmi`| w{fhlfw`f|5 fh|qfhqd. p}m i`f| q`{am bdf mnfifh`ad wd{ mnm im|id. midêìd. p}m |m{f`i |fiwnm| {m|wd|q`| bf|fdnüjfl`| ` m|qéi}nd| m|wmlébfld| m wmh|`imhqd. p}m |m{f` }i ldiwd{q`imhqd idqd{ fiwnélfqd(

1(7 KMC@RFD[F\ID [@AFL@N \m} w{fhlfw`n qmü{fld bdf K( B( \ofhhm{. p}m w{dwñ| p}m ` w|fldndjf` amrm{f` |m bdl`{ mi `wmh`| adf| dkemqfrd|5 ` w{mrf|ìd m d ldhq{dnm ad ldiwd{q`imhqd. dham fhln}f }i` am|l{fêìd ldiwnmq` ad ldiwd{q`imhqd. ad `ikfmhqm m a`| ldh|mpþåhlf`| fimaf`q`| am||m| ldiwd{q`imhqd|( @wnfl`r`)|m q`hqd mi `hfi`f| p}`hqd mi c}i`hd|( \ofhhm{ nmr`r` mi ldh|fam{`êìd p}m msf|qmi l`w`lfa`am| ldiwd{q`imhq`f| fh`q`| ad fhafréa}d. wd{æi rdnqd} |}` `qmhêìd mi ldid m||m| ldiwd{q`imhqd| |ìd idamn`ad| wmnd `ikfmhqm(

: =(7 LDIWD[Q@IMHQD\ DWM[@HQM\ M [M\WDHAMHQM\ Ldiwd{q`imhqd| {m|wdhamhqm| |ìd ldiwd{q`imhqd| hìd rdn}hqà{fd|. p}m fhamwmhami a` hd||` rdhq`am( Fhln}mi qda`| `| {m|wd|q`| ad| |m{m| c}i`hd| m am d{j`hf|id|. p}m |ìd mnflf`a`|  wd{ idafbfl`êým| am m|qéi}nd| `hqmlmamhqm| ad `ikfmhqm( Hìd |ìd `w{mhafad|. |ìd }hfrm{|`f|( Fhqm{`êým| mhq{m |}emfqd)`ikfmhqm. m|qéi}nd){m|wd|q`( Wdamid| lfq`{ ldid ldiwd{q`imhqd| {m|wdhamhqm| d} {mbnmsd|. d `{{mwf`{ a` wmnm wd{ l`}|` ad rmhqd jmn`ad. d ldhq{`f{ a`| w}wfn`| wd{  ldhq` a`| afbm{mhqm| fn}ifh`êým|. d |`nfr`{ a` kdl` w{drdl`ad wd{ `nfimhqd| àlfad|. mql( Fhqm{`êým| am|qm qfwd q`ikæi wdami |m{ w{drdl`a`| wd{ m|qéi}nd| hm}q{d p}m   w{fimf{`imhqm hìd mnflf`i {m|wd|q`|. i`| p}`had d| m|qéi}nd| hm}q{d| |ìd w`{m`ad| ldi d| m|qéi}nd| hìd)ldhaflfdh`ad| dld{{m ` `w{mhafu`jmi. `d| m|qéi}nd| `w{mhafad| lc`i`id| am ldhaflfdh`ad|( M||m| m|qéi}nd| |ìd `||dlf`ad| ` ldhafêým| ldid imad. `hqmlfw`êìd m |`qf|b`êìd( P}`had m|qéi}nd| hm}q{d| |ìd w`{m`ad| ldi m|qéi}nd| mnflf`ad{m|. wdami mnflf`{ {m|wd|q`| |mimnc`hqm| ` m||m| m ` m||` fhqm{`êìd lc`i`id| am {mbnmsd|( @ {mn`êìd mhq{m m|qéi}nd ldhaflfdh`ad m {m|wd|q` æ ldhcmlfa` ldid {mbnmsd ldhaflfdh`ad( Ldid msmiwnd am {mbnmsd ldhaflfdh`ad. wdamid| lfq`{ ` |mj}fhqm |fq}`êìd5 ]i fhafréa}d ldim }i nfiìd m ` `lfamu ad `nfimhqd b`u |}` kdl` |`nfr`{( D im|id fhafréa}d ldim m|qm nfiìd wd{ amu rmum| {mwmqfa`| mi fhqm{r`nd| am lfhld ifh}qd|. m qda` rmu mi p}m ldim }i` n}u rm{imnc` |m `|lmham mi |}` b{mhqm( Ndjd. qda` rmu mi p}m ` n}u rm{imnc` `lmham{. d im|id f{à |`nfr`{ im|id |mi ldim{ d nfiìd.  wdf| m|q`{à ldhaflfdh`ad ` mnflf`{ ` {m|wd|q` am |`nfr`êìd |miw{m p}m {mlmkm{ d m|qéi}nd a` n}u rm{imnc`(  Hm|qm l`|d. ` |`nfr`êìd mnflf`a` wmn` `lfamu ad nfiìd æ }i` {m|wd|q` fhldhaflfdh`a` m ` |`nfr`êìd mnflf`a` wmn` n}u rm{imnc` æ ldhaflfdh`a`. wdf| w{mlf|d} |m{ `w{mhafa`. ` `lfamu ad nfiìd æ }i m|qéi}nd fhldhaflfdh`ad m ` n}u rm{imnc` }i m|qéi}nd ldhaflfdh`ad( D| idrfimhqd| am }i d{j`hf|id p}m dwm{`i m jm{`i mbmfqd| |dk{m d i}had p}m d lm{l`. af{mq` d} fhaf{mq`imhqm. lc`i`id| am ldiwd{q`imhqd dwm{`hqm( Hd ldiwd{q`imhqd dwm{`hqm ` `w{mhafu`jmi m|qà h` {mn`êìd mhq{m }i` `êìd m |m} mbmfqd. ` `êìd ad d{j`hf|id |dk{m d imfd m d mbmfqd amn` {m|}nq`hqm( D ldhaflfdh`imhqd dwm{`hqm æ }i iml`hf|id p}m w{mif` }i` amqm{ifh`a` {m|wd|q` am }i fhafréa}d `qæ mnm bfl`{ ldhaflfdh`ad ` `||dlf`{ ` hmlm||fa`am ç `êìd( ]i msmiwnd af||d æ `

3 b`id|` l`fs` am \ofhhm{. dham d {`qd `w{mham p}m `d w{m||fdh`{ }i` k`{{` p}m cà h` l`fs`. f{à ldh|mj}f{ àj}`. p}m |`lf`{à |}` |mam( D ldiwd{q`imhqd dwm{`hqm æ idamn`ad ` w`{qf{ am hd||d {mwm{qü{fd fh`qd( @ {m|wd|q` jm{` }i` ldh|mpþåhlf` m m|q` ldh|mpþåhlf` `bmq` ` |}` w{dk`kfnfa`am am dld{{m{  hdr`imhqm( \m ` ldh|mpþåhlf` afifh}f{ ` w{dk`kfnfa`am am |}` dld{{åhlf` æ lc`i`a` am w}hfqfr`. |m `}imhq`{ æ lc`i`a` am {mbd{ê`ad{`( @ w}hfqfr` `næi am afifh}f{ ` dld{{åhlf` q`ikæi wdam jm{`{ d}q{d| mbmfqd| ldn`qm{`f|( D {mbd{êd wdam |m{ wd|fqfrd. p}`had cà ` `afêìd am }i m|qéi}nd hd `ikfmhqm p}m {m|}nqm hd `}imhqd a` b{mpþåhlf` a` {m|wd|q` p}m d jm{d}. d} hmj`qfrd p}`had ` {m|wd|q` mifqfa` {midrm `nj}i m|qéi}nd `rm{|frd. d} |me`. p}m ` wm||d` qmham ` mrfq`{. ad `ikfmhqm(

2(7 [MBD[Ê@IMHQD DWM[@HQM Lc`i`id| am {mbd{ê`imhqd ` qda` ldh|mpþåhlf` p}m |mj}fhad }i` {m|wd|q`. `nqm{` `  w{dk`kfnfa`am b}q}{` a` dld{{åhlf` am||` {m|wd|q`( D {mbd{êd æ }i qfwd am ldh|mpþåhlf` ad ldiwd{q`imhqd p}m `}imhq` ` w{dk`kfnfa`am am }i amqm{ifh`ad ldiwd{q`imhqd rdnq`{ ` dld{{m{( M|qm {mbd{êd wdam |m{ wd|fqfrd p}`had d ldiwd{q`imhqd |m i`hqæi d} `}imhq` am b{mp}åhlf`( P}`had d ldiwd{q`imhqd am|me`ad æ `nl`hê`ad. }i mnmimhqd am {mldiwmh|` æ `aflfdh`ad. `| wm||d`| w{mbm{mi `w{mham{ `q{`ræ| amnm. `||fi æ d imncd{ iæqdad m d i`f| `j{`aàrmn  w`{` ` `w{mhafu`jmi( Eà d {mbd{êd hmj`qfrd `}imhq` ` w{dk`kfnfa`am am|qm ldiwd{q`imhqd w`{` p}m mnm |m {midr` d} `qmh}`( Hmnm. }i mnmimhqd w}hfqfrd æ `aflfdh`ad `d `ikfmhqm m p}`had d ldiwd{q`imhqd am|me`ad æ `nl`hê`ad. m|qm æ {mqf{`ad(  Hd {mbd{ê`imhqd hmj`qfrd. adf| w{dlm||d| fiwd{q`hqm| im{mlmi am|q`p}m5 ` m|p}fr` m ` b}j`(

6 H` m|p}fr`5 ` wm||d` hmi mhq{` mi ldhq`qd ldi d m|qfi}nd. b`u `njd `hqm| w`{` p}m d im|id hìd `w`{mê`(  H` b}j`5 d ldiwd{q`imhqd {mbd{ê`ad æ `p}mnm p}m qm{ifh` ldi }i m|qéi}nd `rm{|frd eà mi `ha`imhqd. ` wm||d` mhq{` mi ldhq`qd ldi d m|qéi}nd m b`u `njd w`{` mnfifh`{(  Hd {mbd{êd hmi q}ad p}m æ {mbd{ê`ad{ w`{` }i fhafrfa}d æ {mbd{ê`ad{ w`{` d}q{d. f||d r`f amwmham{ am qdad }i ldhqmsqd( Mhq{mq`hqd msf|qmi `nj}h| mrmhqd| p}m |ìd {mbd{ê`ad{m| w`{` qda` ` m|wælfm. ldid {mlmkm{ `nfimhqd d} |m{ `nfrf`ad am }i lcdp}m mnæq{fld |ìd fhq{fh|fl`imhqm |`qf|b`qü{fd| m|qm| |ìd lc`i`ad| am {mbd{êd| w{fià{fd|. eà d| {mbd{êd| |ml}haà{fd| |ìd `p}mnm| `w{mhafad|( 2(0 Msqfhêìd @ msqfhìd æ }i d}q{d w{dlm||d a` `hànf|m mswm{fimhq`n( @ msqfhêìd `ldhqmlm p}`had }i` {m|wd|q` amfs` am |m{ {mbd{ê`a`. `||fi |mhad ` {m|wd|q` afifh}f{` am b{mp}åhlf` m `qæ im|id wdam amfs`{ am |m{ mifqfa`( @ msqfhêìd wdam dld{{m{ wd{ adf| idqfrd|5 P}`had hìd cà i`f| {mbd{ê`imhqd d} p}`had ` imhd| {mbd{ê`imhqd p}m }i d}q{d wd||érmn( D qmiwd p}m m||` {m|wd|q` amfs` am |m{ mifqfa` r`f amwmham{ am qdad d ldhqmsqd a` cf|qü{f` m ad r`nd{ ad {mbd{ê`imhqd( P}`hqd i`f| qmiwd d ldiwd{q`imhqd ldhqfh}` ` |m{ mifqfad |mi |m{  {mbd{ê`ad i`fd{ |m{à ` {m|f|qåhlf` ç msqfhêìd( P}`hqd imhd| qmiwd d ldiwd{q`imhqd ldhqfh}` |mhad mifqfad |mi |m{ {mbd{ê`ad. imhd{ |m{à ` {m|f|qåhlf` ç msqfhêìd( [m|f|qåhlf` ç msqfhêìd5 )Hõim{d am {mbd{ê`imhqd `hqm{fd{m|5 p}`hqd i`f| }i ldiwd{q`imhqd æ {mbd{ê`ad i`f| {m|f|qmhqm mnm |m{à ç msqfhêìd( )L}|qd a` {m|wd|q`5 `p}fnd p}m æ i`f| q{`k`ncd|d amuf|qd i`f| bàlfn( )M|p}mi` am {mbd{ê`imhqd5 |m |d} {mbd{ê`ad ç| rmum| |fi m d}q{`| hìd. i`f| bàlfn æ ` msqfhêìd(

07 2(; W}hfêìd @ w}hfêìd mhrdnrm ldh|mp}mhlf`êìd am }i` {m|wd|q` p}`had cà `w{m|mhq`êìd am }i m|qéi}nd `rm{|frd d} {midêìd am {mbd{ê`ad{ wd|fqfrd w{m|mhqm( Mn` {mbm{m)|m ` }i am|w{`um{  #m|qéi}nd& p}m |m b`u w{m|mhqm `wü| }i amqm{ifh`ad ldiwd{q`imhqd hìd w{mqmhafad wd{ `p}mnm p}m ` `wnfl`( @ w}hfêìd æ i}fq`| rmum| ldhb}hafa` ldi d {mbd{êd hmj`qfrd. wdf| d mnmimhqd w}hfqfrd mhldhq{`)|m fh|m{fad hm|qm( Wd{æi. `d ldhq{à{fd ad {mbd{ê`imhqd hmj`qfrd. d dkemqfrd a` w}hfêìd æ nmr`{ ç msqfhêìd ad ldiwd{q`imhqd. d} |me`. ldi d w`||`{ ad qmiwd. ` w{dk`kfnfa`am am mnm dld{{m{  hdr`imhqm afifh}f( D {mbd{ê`imhqd hmj`qfrd. w`||` ` faæf` am }i` dk{fj`êìd5 }i {`qd wdam w}s`{  }i` `n`r`hl` #ldiwd{q`imhqd& w`{` am|nfj`{ }i` ld{{mhqm mnæq{fl` p}m d m|qme` fhbnfjfhad }i am|ldhbd{qd( W}hfêìd wd|fqfr`5 afifh}f ` w{dk`kfnfa`am ad ldiwd{q`imhqd dld{{m{ wmn` `afêìd am }i m|qéi}nd `rm{|frd( W}hfêìd hmj`qfr`5 afifh}f ` w{dk`kfnfa`am ad ldiwd{q`imhqd dld{{m{ wmn` {mqf{`a` ad m|qéi}nd {mbd{ê`ad{( @ |}wm{`êìd ad ldiwd{q`imhqd w}hfad |ü æ ambfhfa` |m ` w}hfêìd bd{ msq{mi`imhqm fhqmh|`. f||d wd{p}m `| {`uým| p}m nmr`i ` `êìd p}m |m w}hm hìd |ìd `nqm{`a`| ldi ` w}hfêìd( @ {m|wd|q` a` w}hfêìd æ p}m|qfdh`a` `qæ im|id wmnd Kmc`rfd{f|id m|q` amrm{f` msm{lm{  |dk{m d ldiwd{q`imhqd ad |}emfqd ` {ma}êìd a` b{mp}åhlf` a` {m|wd|q`. i`| h` w{àqfl` ldi d| fhafréa}d| m||m ldiwd{q`imhqd æ p}m|qfdh`ad. wdf| i}fq`| rmum| ` {m|wd|q` a` w}hfêìd æ qmiwd{à{f`. d} `qæ im|id msf|qm }i` {ml}wm{`êìd a` {m|wd|q` p}`had hìd cà ` w{m|mhê` ad `jmhqm  w}hfad{( D {m|}nq`ad a` w}hfêìd æ i`f| {àwfad m hìd w{mlf|` rm{ |m m|q` æ {mbd{ê`ad{` w`{` d fhafrfa}d d} hìd(

00 2(< Ldhq{dnm am m|qéi}nd| D `ikfmhqm m|qà |miw{m msm{lmhad ldhq{dnm |dk{m hü|. |dk{m hd||d ldiwd{q`imhqd( M|q}a`{ m|qm ldhq{dnm wdam{à `l`{{mq`{ mi }i i`fd{ mhqmhafimhqd am ldid m|qm| m|qéi}nd| `jmi( @nj}h| mrmhqd| `hqmlmamhqm| wdami `nqm{`{ ` w{dk`kfnfa`am am }i ldiwd{q`imhqd |m{ jm{`ad(  Hd idimhqd mi p}m ` b{mpþåhlf` d} ` bd{i` am {m|wd|q` `jf{ afbm{mhqm |dk m|qéi}nd| am|fj}`f|. m|qm m|qà |dk ldhq{dnm am m|qéi}nd|( Msmiwnd5 \mj}had Kdlo. B}{q`ad m Qmfsmf{` #;77;. w( =<& |m d idqd{f|q` am }i ñhfk}|  w`{` d} `lmnm{` hd l{}u`imhqd am {}`| dham cà |miàbd{d|. p}m ldh|mpþmhqmimhqm d{` m|q` rm{am m d{` rm{imncd. m|qm ldiwd{q`imhqd am af{fjf{ m|qà |dk ldhq{dnm am m|qéi}nd|( 2(1 Af|l{fifh`êìd Æ p}`had }i` {m|wd|q` |m i`hqæi mi amqm{ifh`ad m|qéi}nd m am|`w`{mê` d} msqfhj}m)|m h` `w`{åhlf` am d}q{d( D} |me`. |ìd m|qéi}nd| p}m |m `w`{mlm{mi `hqm{fd{ `d ldiwd{q`imhqd wdami „i`hfw}n`{’. ’ldhq{dn`{’ }i `ldhqmlfimhqd( Rdnq`had `d msmiwnd ad idqd{f|q`. m|wm{`id| p}m d |miàbd{d h` ld{ rm{imnc` |me` }i m|qéi}nd af|l{fifh`qfr` w`{` mnm. am idad p}m mnm w`{m p}`had d rme`( D}q{d msmiwnd p}m wdam{é`id| m|q`{ lfq`had |ìd `| bm|q`| w{da}ufa`| wmn` |dlfma`am. dham msf|qmi hd{i`| m {mj{`| am ldha}q`. ldid l}iw{fimhq`{ wm||d`| p}m lcmj`i. mhq{m d}q{`|( Ià| m|q`| bm|q`| q`ikæi wdami |m afbm{mhlf`{ }i` a`| d}q{`|. am w`a{ìd i`f| bd{i`n. lcfp}m d} i`f| fhbd{i`n. am{fr`had)|m ldi d w{dwü|fqd am p}mi ` m|ldncm m wn`hme`( Af|l{fifh`êìd Dwm{`hqm5 ) D {mbd{ê`imhqd afbm{mhlf`n æ ` l`}|` a` af|l{fifh`êìd ) B`umid| af`{f`imhqm i}fq`| af|l{fifh`êým| Af|l{fifh`êìd W`rndrf`h`5 P}`had adf| m|qéi}nd| w{da}umi ` im|i` {m|wd|q` {mbnms` m }i amnm| æ ldiw`{`ad ldi }i {mbnmsd afbm{mhqm d} }i m|qéi}nd hm}q{d. {m|wdham{mid| afbm{mhqm w`{` l`a` m|qéi}nd w{da}ufad(

0; 2(= Jmhm{`nfu`êìd @ jmhm{`nfu`êìd jm{`nimhqm amwmham am mnmimhqd| ldi}h| ` adf| d} i`f| m|qéi}nd|( D |miàbd{d. wd{ msmiwnd. |m wd||}é||m `| ld{m| rm{imnc` w`{` w`{`{ m {d|` w`{` w{d||mj}f{. d im|id wdam{f` ldhb}haf{. jmhm{`nfu`{ d| m|qéi}nd|. wd{ |m{mi ld{m| |mimnc`hqm|( D} |me`. {m|wdhamid| fj}`nimhqm. d} `w{dsfi`a`imhqm w`{mlfad. w`{` }i ldhe}hqd am m|qéi}nd| am|fjh`ad| |mimnc`hqm|( D}q{d msmiwnd p}m wdam{f` |m{ lfq`ad æ am p}m d p}m `w{mhamid| h` m|ldn`. ldid nm{. m|l{mrm{. b`um{ ldhq`|. wdam |m{ jmhm{`nfu`ad hd hd||d ldqfaf`hd mi bd{i` am `w{mhafu`jmi ` d}q{`| q`{mb`| msm{lfa`| af`{f`imhqm. ldid |`km{ a`{ d q{dld h`| rmha`|. m|l{mrm{ l`{q`| m kfncmqm|. mhq{m d}q{d|( @ `w{mhafu`jmi am hd{i`| m {mj{`| qd{h`)|m jmhm{`nfu`ad h` rfa` {dqfhmf{`. hd| ldiwd{q`had am i`hmf{` afbm{mhqm w`{` |fq}`êým| afbm{mhqm|( Jmhm{`nfu`êìd Dwm{`hqm5 Æ dham d| m|qéi}nd| |mimnc`hqm| ` }i fhflf`n {mbd{ê`ad ldimê`i ` ldhq{dn`{ |}` {m|wd|q`( ) Hmnm cà |mimnc`hê` ldi d| m|qéi}nd| hdrd|( ) \m} j{`afmhqm am jmhm{`nfu`êìd amwmham5 % a` cf|qü{f` w`||`a` am ldhaflfdh`imhqd( % a` h`q}{mu` ad| m|qéi}nd|( \}` r`hq`jmi æ am p}m h}hl` {mwmqfid| d| im|id| m|qéi}nd| am|fjh`a`| `| }i` |fq}`êìd h` p}`n hd||`| {m|wd|q`| bd{`i `w{mhafa`|( Jmhm{`nfu`êìd W`rndrf`h`5 D| m|qéi}nd| p}m |ìd w`{mlfad| `d| ldhaflfdh`ad| ldimê`i ` w{da}uf{ {m|wd|q`| q`ikæi  w`{mlfa`|(

0< :(7 KMC@RFD[F\ID M @ WM[\DH@NFA@AM +Aåmi)im }i` aõuf` am l{f`hê`| |`af`|. kmi ldh|qfq}éa`| m ` m|wælfm am i}had p}m  w{mlf|d w`{` `| ma}l`{. m m} j`{`hqd p}m. qdi`had p}`np}m{ }i` amn`|. `d `l`|d. w{mw`{à)n`)mf w`{` |m qd{h`{ }i m|wmlf`nf|q` p}m m} |mnmlfdhm5 }i iæafld. }i ldim{lf`hqm. }i `ardj`ad m. |fi. `qæ }i wmafhqm d} n`a{ìd. fhamwmhamhqmimhqm ad| |m}| q`nmhqd|. fhlnfh`êým|. qmhaåhlf`|. `wqfaým|. `||fi ldid a` w{dbf||ìd m a` {`ê` ad| |m}| `hqmw`||`ad|(+#Z@Q\DH ) Kmc`rfd{f|i& Z`q|dh am|l`{q`r` p}`np}m{ fhbn}åhlf` a` cm{mafq`{fma`am ldid {m|wdh|àrmn wmn`  wm{|dh`nfa`am ad fhafrfa}d. m `q{fk}é` msln}|fr`imhqm ç mswm{fåhlf` m `d ldhaflfdh`imhqd ad ldiwd{q`imhqd( D kmc`rfd{f|id {`afl`n am \ofhhm{ wd{ qm{ }i` lm{q` `rm{|ìd m am|ldhbf`hê` mi {mn`êìd `| mswnfl`êým| imhq`f| |}kemqfr`| w{dwñ| bd{i`| af|qfhq`| am mhqmhafimhqd m ldiw{mmh|ìd a`  wm{|dh`nfa`am (Mnm {memfq` ` msf|qåhlf` am }i +m}+ fhqm{fd{ p}m af{fjm ` `êìd ad d}q{d( Hd mhq`hqd. h` rf|ìd kmc`rfd{f|{` ` wm{|dh`nfa`am æ idna`a` wd{ mnmimhqd| am d{ami `ikfmhq`n. d} |me`. æ }i` ldnmêìd am w`a{ým| am ldiwd{q`imhqd dham m|qéi}nd| afbm{mhqm| w{da}umi afrm{|d| qfwd| am {m|wd|q`|( M||` hdr` ambfhfêìd mhq{m ` {mn`êìd ad @ikfmhqm. cf|qü{f` am rfa` m L}nq}{` |m w{dwým ` i}a`{ d w`{`afji` am wm{|dh`nfa`am imhq`nf|q` w`{` }i w`{`afji` Kmc`rfd{f|q`. dham d Fhldh|lfmhqm æ fjhd{`ad a`had n}j`{ ` ambfhfêìd am Hérmf| am \mnmêìd. b`qd{m| jmhæqfld| #Bfndjmhæqfld|&. `ikfmhq`f| #Dhqdjmhæqfld|& m L}nq}{`f| ldid amqm{ifh`hqm| w`{` ` bd{i`êìd a`   wm{|dh`nfa`am m hìd i`f| ldid }i „m}’ fhqm{hd fhldh|lfmhqm. i`| ldid }i ldhe}hqd am ldiwd{q`imhqd| p}m wdami |m{ w{mrf|qd| m ldhq{dn`ad|( Mi |}i`. hm||` qmd{f` ` wm{|dh`nfa`am æ }i ldhe}hqd. }i |f|qmi` am càkfqd| ldhaflfdh`ad| `q{`ræ| am {mbd{êd| wd|fqfrd| m hmj`qfrd|( @ i`fd{ fiwd{qëhlf` æ a`a` `d| b`qd{m| `ikfmhq`f| m ` cm{mafq`{fma`am æ amfs`a` w`{` |mj}had wn`hd( Mhq{mq`hqd. d| qmü{fld| i`f| {mlmhqm| a` `w{mhafu`jmi |dlf`n. p}m dbm{mlmi mswnfl`êým| am{fr`a`| a`| rm{|ým| am kmc`rfd{f|id am Z`q|dh m \ofhhm{.{m|qfq}é{`i ç wm{|dh`nfa`am `nj}i` imafa` am ldh|lfåhlf`(

01 3(7 M\Q]AD AM L@\D5

D BFNIM5 M]. M] IM\ID M F[MHM \fhdw|m D bfnim `w{m|mhq` Lc`{nfm K`fnmvj`qm|. }i wdnflf`n am [cdam F|n`ha p}m bdf q{`éad wmn` i}ncm{ m `k`hadh`ad w`{` l}fa`{ |dufhcd ad| q{å| bfncd| amn` ldi d `i`hqm( Am|qm idimhqd mi af`hqm. Lc`{nfm {mw{fim rfdnmhq`imhqm |}`| midêým| m w`||` ` wm{ifqf{ p}m qdad| h` lfa`am qf{mi r`hq`jmi amnm( Ldi d w`||`{ ad qmiwd. ` {`fr` `l}i}n`a` aà d{fjmi `d |}{jfimhqd am C`ho. }i`  wm{|dh`nfa`am `nqm{h`qfr` qdq`nimhqm dwd|q` ç am Lc`{nfm( D Bfnim m d Q{`h|qd{hd Af||dlf`qfrd am Lc`{nfm( D| iæafld| a` bflêìd ms`ifh`i Lc`{nfm m af`jhd|qfl`i M|p}fudb{mhf` Fn}|ü{f` @r`hê`a` ldi Bõ{f` H`{lf|f|q` Fhrdn}hqà{f`( H` rm{a`am Lc`{nfm |db{f` am Q{`h|qd{hd Af||dlf`qfrd am Famhqfa`am. }i` ldhafêìd imhq`n dham }i õhfld fhafréa}d `w{m|mhq` l`{`lqm{é|qfl`| am a}`| d} i`f|  wm{|dh`nfa`am| d} famhqfa`am| af|qfhq`| D i}had m ldiwd|qd wd{ rà{f`| {m`nfa`am|. d kmc`rfd{f|id ambmham p}m d |}emfqd æ {mbnmsd ad imfd. d| m|qéi}nd| p}m rmi am||m imfd p}m f{` a`{ `| idqfr`êým| hmlm||à{f`| hd d{j`hf|id dham l{f`{` `| {m|wd|q`| m dham l{f`{` ` {m`nfa`am ad fhafrfa}d( Ldid d l`lcd{{d am W`rndr dham d |fhd f{` b`um{ mnm k`k`{. hd kmc`rfd{f|id hìd cà ` {mbnmsìd. cà `wmh`| {m|wd|q`| ad ldiwd{q`imhqd `d imfd( Fhad hm||` nfhc` am wmh|`imhqd Kmc`rfd{f|q`. rmid| p}m d wm{|dh`jmi Lc`{nfm K`fnmvj`qm| bdf ldh|q`hqmimhqm idamn`ad wd{ m||m imfd j`hc`ad ldh|q`hqm| m|qéi}nd| hmj`qfrd| m  wd|fqfrd|. `dham l{f`{`i hmnm }i` a}wn` wm{|dh`nfa`am( M||` a}wn` wm{|dh`nfa`am bdf l{f`a` wd{  m|qéi}nd| hm}q{d| p}m w{fimf{`imhqm hìd mnflf`i {m|wd|q`|. i`| p}`had d| m|qéi}nd| hm}q{d| |ìd  w`{m`ad| ldi d| m|qéi}nd| hìd)ldhaflfdh`ad| dld{{m ` `w{mhafu`jmi. `d| m|qéi}nd| `w{mhafad| lc`i`id| am ldhaflfdh`ad|( M||m| m|qéi}nd| |ìd `||dlf`ad| ` ldhafêým| ldid imad. `hqmlfw`êìd m |`qf|b`êìd( P}`had m|qéi}nd| hm}q{d| |ìd w`{m`ad| ldi m|qéi}nd| mnflf`ad{m|. wdami mnflf`{  {m|wd|q`| |mimnc`hqm| ` m||m| p}m rfid| hd bfnim m ` m||` fhqm{`êìd lc`i`id| am {mbnmsd| ldhaflfdh`ad|(

0= @ {mn`êìd mhq{m m|qéi}nd ldhaflfdh`ad m {m|wd|q` æ ldhcmlfa` ldid {mbnmsd ldhaflfdh`ad( M||m {mbnmsd ldhaflfdh`ad m{` af|w`{`ad |miw{m mi b{mhqm am }i m|qfi}nd `rm{|frd m hmj`qfrd w`{` Lc`{nfm. l{f`had }i ldiwd{q`imhqd dwm{`hqm hmnm( Hd ldiwd{q`imhqd dwm{`hqm ` `w{mhafu`jmi m|qà h` {mn`êìd mhq{m }i` `êìd m |m} mbmfqd. ` `êìd ad d{j`hf|id |dk{m d imfd m d mbmfqd amn` {m|}nq`hqm( D ldhaflfdh`imhqd dwm{`hqm æ }i iml`hf|id p}m w{mif` }i` amqm{ifh`a` {m|wd|q` am }i fhafréa}d `qæ mnm bfl`{ ldhaflfdh`ad ` `||dlf`{ ` hmlm||fa`am ç `êìd( ]i msmiwnd af||d æ ` b`id|` l`fs` am \ofhhm{. dham d {`qd `w{mham p}m `d w{m||fdh`{ }i` k`{{` p}m cà h` l`fs`. f{à ldh|mj}f{ àj}`. p}m |`lf`{à |}` |mam d} ldid hd bfnim dham |m} am|med am p}m{m{ |m msw{m||`{ m{` ldh|q`hqmimhqm {mw{fifad wd{ |}`| `êým|. mnm j}`{ad} ` rfa` fhqmf{` `| c}ifnc`êým| p}m |db{m} ldi ` wdw}n`êìd a` |}` lfa`am. wd{ qm{ |fad q{`éad wd{ |}` m|wd|`( Ldid ldh|mp}åhlf` am||m| m|qéi}nd|. mnm am|wm{q` }i` wm{|dh`nfa`am amhq{d amnm. am q{`êd| {mkmnam| m rfdnmhqd w`{` {m|wdham{ ` m||m| m|qéi}nd| p}m rmi ad imfd( D imfd l{f` b`qd| p}m bfl`i i`{l`ad| h` rfa` am }i` wm||d` ldid d l`|d Lc`{nfm. p}m `l`k` l`{{mj`had ldh|fjd wmnd {m|qd am |}` msf|qåhlf`( F||d r`nm q`hqd w`{` `| ldf|`| kd`| p}m `l`k`i {m|}nq`had mi }i` wm{|dh`nfa`am i`f| |mj}{` m bf{im. mhbfi mi }i` wm||d` w{ü)`qfr`. {m`nfu`ad{`. p}`hqd w`{` ldf|`| {}fh| p}m. |m hìd bd{mi amrfa`imhqm. `||fifn`a`|. `l`k`i jm{`had q{`}i`| i}fqd w{db}had| m afbélmf| am |m{mi {m|dnrfad|( I}fqd| amnm| jm{`i admhê`| am  wm{|dh`nfa`am( ]i` amn`| ldid rf|qd wmnd wm{|dh`jmi æ d q{`h|qd{hd am a}wn` wm{|dh`nfa`am.  wm{|dh`nfa`am iõnqfwn` d} q{`h|qd{hd af||dlf`qfrd am famhqfa`am( Wd{æi. d ldhlmfqd d} amhdifh`êìd i`f| `lmfq` `q}`nimhqm ad Q{`h|qd{hd am Wm{|dh`nfa`am Iõnqfwn` æ Q{`h|qd{hd Af||dlf`qfrd am Famhqfa`am. ldid w{mldhfu` d A\I)FR #i`h}`n am ln`||fbfl`êìd ad| q{`h|qd{hd| imhq`f|& am|am 0661( Æ. wd{q`hqd. }i qfwd am Q{`h|qd{hd Af||dlf`qfrd ) `p}mnm| hd| p}`f| cà ` wm{a` qdq`n d} w`{lf`n am }i` b}hêìd imhq`n d} hm}{dnüjfl`. ldid imiü{f`. ldh|lfåhlf` a` w{üw{f` famhqfa`am. |mh|`êým| ld{wd{`f|. ldhq{dnm ad| idrfimhqd| ld{wd{`f|. fhln}|frm mwf|üafd| cf|q{fñhfld| ldid. wd{ msmiwnd. ` fhl`w`lfa`am qmiwd{à{f` am `ha`{. b`n`{ d} mhsm{j`{. |mi p}m c`e` }i` l`}|` d{jëhfl` w`{` q`n b`qd( Q`ikæi æ {mn`qfr`imhqm ldi}i ` dld{{åhlf` |fi}nqëhm` am d}q{d| |fhqdi`|. ldid amw{m||ìd. mwf|üafd| am wëhfld. bdkf`|. q{`h|qd{hd| `nfimhq`{m|. `k}|d am |}k|qëhlf`| w|fld`qfr`|. lmb`nmf`|. famf` am |}fléafd. `}qdi}qfn`êìd m af|b}hêìd |ms}`n( D q{`h|qd{hd am a}wn` wm{|dh`nfa`am ldid rfid| hd bfnim q{`q`)|m am }i` fhl`w`lfa`am am ` wm||d` |m {mld{a`{ am fhbd{i`êým| m ldiwd{q`imhqd| wm||d`f| d} qmi |fhqdi`| am `ihæ|f`. d p}m

02 jm{` ldhb}|ìd p}`had b`u lm{qd| {mn`qd| p}m mnm| ldimqm{`i m p}m afumi p}m bdf ldimqfad wd{ d}q{`  wm||d` d} wm{|dh`nfa`am ldmsf|qmhqm( \m{f` ldid |m afrm{|`| wm{|dh`nfa`am| ldhrfrm||mi hd im|id ld{wd( Hd{i`nimhqm mn`| hìd qåi wnmh` ldh|lfåhlf` am p}m ldmsf|qm ldi afrm{|`| wm{|dh`nfa`am|( D q{`q`imhqd w`{` f||d hd kmc`rfd{f|id idam{hd. q{`k`nc` ldi ` W|fldqm{`wf`. dham rf|` {mldhmlq`{ d fhafréa}d ç| |}`| afbm{mhqm| famhqfa`am| {mldhcmlmhad d| m|qéi}nd| p}m af|w`{` d ldiwd{q`imhqd| am||`| wm{|dh`nfa`am|( Ldi d dkemqfrd am nmrà)nd ` {m|q`kmnmlm{ }i` õhfl` famhqfa`am b}hlfdh`n. wd||fkfnfq`{ ` msw{m||ìd m d {mw{dlm||`imhqd a`| imiü{f`| q{`}iàqfl`| m adnd{d|`|? `wdf`{ m m|qfi}n`{ |}` {mfh|m{êìd |dlf`n( Wdamhad |m{ q{`k`nc`a`| q`ikæi mi Qm{`wf`| b`ifnf`{m|. dham dkemqfr`i d{fmhq`{ w`{mhqm| ` nfa`{ m `wdf`{ d wd{q`ad{ ad q{`h|qd{hd m ` {mldhcmlm{  d| m|qéi}nd| p}m af|w`{` d| ldiwd{q`imhqd|. `||fi ldid ldi ldhbnfqd| jm{`ad| wd{ mnm m wmnd af|qõ{kfd mi |f( Wd||fkfnfq` `d w`lfmhqm `lm||`{. mswnd{`{ m msw{m||`{ am bd{i`| afrm{|`| |m}| |mhqfimhqd| m wmh|`imhqd|( @||fi ldid rfid| hd bfnim dham Lc`{nfm |ü ldh|mj}f} |m {m|q`kmnmlm{  p}`had {mldhcmlm{ |m}| |mhqfimhqd| wd{ F{mhm(

0: 6(7 LDHLN]\ÌD

Ldhln}éid| p}m w`{` d| kmc`rfd{f|id {`afl`f| mnm| {memfq`i ` msf|qåhlf` am }i +m}+ fhqm{fd{ p}m af{fjm ` `êìd ad d}q{d( [m`jmi ldhq{` d w{m||}wd|qd am p}m ` wm{|dh`nfa`am æ }i +m}+ p}m æ {m|wdh|àrmn wmn` dld{{åhlf` am ldiwd{q`imhqd| \ofhhm{. mi }i` nfhj}`jmi kmc`rfd{f|q` {`afl`n. wdam)|m ambfhf{ d m} ldid }i ldhe}hqd am {m|wd|q`| b}hlfdh`nimhqm }hfbfl`ad d d{j`hf|id |m w`{mlm ldi }i {m|wdhafhj #}i |m{ {m|wdhamhqm& ç| ldhafêým| #m|qéi}nd|&. w{da}qd am w{dlm||d| `ikfmhq`f| m fhqm{hd|( Z`q|dh i}ad} ` rf|ìd `hqfj` a` w|fldndjf`. wdf| `hqm| am Z`q|dh d dkemqd a` W|fldndjf` qfhc` |fad `qæ mhqìd ` `ni`. d} ` ldh|lfåhlf`. ` imhqm( Ldi f||d Z`q|dh m \ofhhm{  bd{i}n`{`i p}m ` wm{|dh`nfa`am w`{` d kmc`rfd{f|q` æ }i ldhe}hqd. }i |f|qmi` am càkfqd| ldhaflfdh`ad| `q{`ræ| am {mbd{êd| wd|fqfrd| m hmj`qfrd|( @ i`fd{ fiwd{qëhlf` æ a`a` `d| b`qd{m| `ikfmhq`f| m ` cm{mafq`{fma`am æ {mnmj`a` w`{` |mj}had wn`hd( W`{` d kmc`rfd{f|id d} hmd)   kmc`rfd{f|id d |m{ c}i`hd æ w{da}qd ad `ikfmhqm m m||` `bf{i`êìd æ r`nfa` hd |mhqfad kmi {`afl`n(

03 07(7 KFKNFDJ[@BF@

•

JDDAZFH. L( E`im|( Cf|qü{f` a` W|fldndjf` Idam{h`. Mafqd{` L}nq{fs. \ìd W`}nd. ;77=(

•

\lc}nqu m \lc}nqu. A}`hm W(? Mnnmh( Cf|qü{f` a` W|fldndjf` Idam{h`. Mafqd{` Lmhj`jm

Nm`{hfhj. \ìd W`}nd. ;77=( •

Lfåhlf` m ldiwd{q`imhqd c}i`hd( \ìd W`}nd5 I`{qfh| Bdhqm|. 063=( D{fjfh`n w}knfl`ad

mi 06=<( •

A\I)R. Wd{q`n a` W|fldndjf`5

cqqw5$$zzz(w|fldndjf`(ldi(wq$fh|q{}imhqd|$a|iTlfa$a|i(wcw `lm||d mi 70$7=$;700( •

@ad{dlfhmi` nfho5 cqqw5$$zzz(`ad{dlfhmi`(ldi$bfnim|$m})m}im|id)f{mhm$ `lm||d mi

;3$71$;700( •

@aifhf|q{`ad{m|(ldi(k{$w{da}êìd)`l`amifl`

•

K{`|fnm|ldn`(ldi(k{