ATP RULEBOOK.doc

Rulebook ATP (junio 1996 - internet)

0.

Table

of

H01

Contents

No page numbers accompany the chapters and sections listed below because such numbers are methodically generated from the given information. This is most easily explained by illustration. Section I-D is seen to concern the SUBROUTINE CIMAGE, which would begin on page number number 1D-1. The following following page would be numbered numbered 1D-2, etc. This assumes assumes that there is sufficient material material to warrant two levels of independence (Chapter (Chapter I, Section D). Some chapters chapters are so short that sections are not warranted, in which case the letter in the middle will be omitted. omitted. For example, the references references of Chapter XXV begin on page 25-1, followed followed by page page 25-2, etc. In rare cases there may be three levels levels of categorization. For example, example, Section IV-D-3 will begin on page 4D3-1, followed by page 4D3-2, etc.

I.

General

A.

B. C. D. E.

F. G. H. I. J. K. L.

II.

III.

A. B. C. D. E.

F.

Information

About

ATP

Version

of

EMTP

Background of ATP; user groups; ATP education 1. History of royalty-free EMTP Development 2. Learning to use ATP; user groups; newsletters; E-mail Development centers for ATP Summary program capability; ways execution begins $-cards of SUBROUTINE CIMAGE Computer-dependent aspects and alternatives: 1. Summary of installation-dependent EMTP modules 2. STARTUP disk file for program initialization 3. STARTSPY disk file for program initialization Different computer systems, specific specific details details for all brands brands Variable dimensioning and Dynamic Dimensioning FORTRAN data format specifications Structure of EMTP input data EMTP data data sorting sorting by class (use (use of "/" cards) cards) $INCLUDE use for data modularization (including arguments) Separate interactive plotting programs: 1. TPPLOT for sophisticated, single-window, plotting 2. WINDOWPLT for simpler, multiple-window, plotting

Cards

A. B. C.

Introductory

that

Begin

a

New

Data

Case

Special-request cards having key words Miscellaneous data cards Extensions to miscellaneous data cards

TACS

and

MODELS

to

Simulate

Control

Systems

Purpose of TACS Summary of TACS capability How to simulate what TACS steady-state initialization rules TACS elements and card formats 1. Transfer functions or S-blocks 2. Limiters 3. Signal sources 4. Supplemental variables and devices 5. TACS output-variable specification 6. TACS user-defined initial conditions MODELS : more powerful, flexible, and newer than TACS

ADOLFO DELGADOIV.

Branch

Cards

to

Model

Linear

Elements

1


2

H01

A. B. C. D.

Branch card for lumped, series R, L, C Branch cards for Pi-circuits Branch cards for mutually-coupled R-L elements Branch cards for distributed-parameter transmission lines 1. Constant-parameter model with constant [T] 2. Constant-parameter, double-circuit model with special special [T] 3. Rigorous, frequency-dependent model (Jose Marti) 4. 2nd-order, recursive-convolution model (Semlyen) E Saturable transformer component F. Branch input using "CASCADED PI" feature

V.

Branch

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K.

VI.

VII.

Cards

Model

( Including

Network

Source

Nonlinear Nonlinear

Thyristors

and

Elements Elements

(type-99 branch) (type-98 branch) (type-97 branch) (type-96 branch) (type-92; "5555") (type-91; "3333") (type-92; "4444") (type-93 branch) (type-91; "TACS") "TACS") (Type-93; FORTRAN) ("CORONA MODEL" )

Diodes )

Cards

(Other

than

Rotating

Machinery)

Static electric network source functions Type-16 simplified equivalent of hvdc converter

VIII.

Dynamic

Synchronous

IX.

Dynamic

Universal

X.

EMTP

XI.

Cards

to

Override

XII.

Cards

to

Request

XIII.

Source

XIV.

Batch-Mode

XV.

Request

XVI.

Interactive

A. B. C.

Single-Phase

Time, voltage, current-controlled switches Diode or thyristor (TACS-controlled, type-11) Spark gap or triac (TACS-controlled, type-12) TACS-controlled ordinary switch (type-13)

Electric

A. B.

to

Pseudo-nonlinear resistance R(i) Pseudo-nonlinear reactor L(i) Staircase time-varying resistance R(t) Pseudo-nonlinear hysteretic reactor L(i) Exponential ZnO surge arrester R(i) Piecewise-linear time-vary resistor R(t) True-nonlinear resistance R(i) True nonlinear inductance L(i) Circuit Circuit breaker or electric arc R(t,i) User-supplied FORTRAN for compensation Corona modeling for cascaded line sections

Switch

A. B. C. D.

Cards Cards

Load

Flow

Type-1

Machine

Cards

Electric

Definitions

for

of

(3-phase S.M.; (U.M.;

(for

Initial

Plotting

Cards

Machine

"FIX SOURCE" Conditions Network (for

Cards

Cards

Usage)

of

the

Output

each

Resulting

Statistical

Execution,

Type-19)

Type-59)

time

Electric

Variables Variables step )

Simulation

Tabulations

Observation,

and

Control

(SPY)

Initiating EMTP execution that includes SPY Opportunities for SPY dialogue: the keyboard interrupt SPY commands explained according to general function 1. Loading Loading and/or changing EMTP data cards via SPY 2. SPY commands to halt or resume program execution 3. SPY commands to observe observe EMTP tables: BUS, BUS, BRANCH, etc.

Network


D. E. XVII.

"JMARTI SETUP"

All

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I.

Supporting

Fixed-Dimension

Supporting

---

not yet available

Programs

"XFORMER" to derive [R], [L] of 1-phase transformers "OBSERVE PARALLEL MONTE CARLO" for parallel "STATISTICS" "BCTRAN" to derive [R], [L] of multi-phase transformers "CHANGE SWITCH" to process former switch cards "OLD TO NEW ZNO" to update pre-"M39." ZnO data cards "DATA BASE MODULE" to modularize for $INCLUDE arguments "SATURATION" for magnetic saturation calculations "HYSTERESIS" to punch Type-96 branch cards "ZNO FITTER" to punch Type-92 ZnO branch cards "LINE CONSTANTS"

XXII.

"SEMLYEN SETUP"

Supporting Supporting

XXIII. "CABLE CONSTANTS"

"NETWORK EQUIVALENT"

XXV.

Associated

XXVI.

Index

of

Introductory

Program Program

Supporting

XXIV.

©

Program

Supporting Program

XXI.

I.

3

4. "PLOT" for vector or character plots during execution 5. Command files: @K, FILES, COMMENT, VERIFY, TYPE 6. EMTP variables: EXAMINE, NAMES, ROLL, LIST, FIND, DEPOSIT 7. Table dumping/restoring: SAVE, RESTORE, SLEEP, WAKE, WHEN 8. "DICE" for statistical tabulation of Monte Carlo simulations 9. Mathematics within command files: "APPEND" 10. "RAMP" & "SERIES" for continuous linear parameter variations 11. Utilities: HEADING, HEADING, TIME, SIZE, LIMIT, LIMIT, HONK, ECHO, WAIT, $ 12. "TACS" : gateway to Concurrent Sequential Processing (CSP) 13. Servicing [Y] changes: YFORM, NOY, FACTOR, NOF Batch-mode execution of SPY commands: $SPY and $SPYEND Use of SPY "PLOT" instead of separate program "TPLOT"

XVIII. "NODA SETUP" XIX.

H01

for

Reference

Program

Supporting

"NETEQV"

Material

Alphabetically-Ordered

Information

Program

About

References

Program

===================================================================== Copyright 1987-1995 by the Can/Am EMTP User Group. All rights reserved. =====================================================================

No part part of either either this this manual manual or the associ associate ated d comput computer er progra program m (ATP (ATP vers versio ion n of the the EMTP EMTP) ) may may be repr reprod oduc uced ed in any any form form, , usin using g card cards, s, pape paper, r, microfilm, magnetic media, or any other means, without written permission from the Canadian Canadian/Ameri /American can (Can/Am) (Can/Am) EMTP EMTP User Group. Group. Further, Further, such materia materials ls have restricted circulation, and their informational content shall not be released to third parties. The content of this manual, the associated computer program, and all other ATP ATP EMTP EMTP mate materi rial als, s, are are all all made made avai availa labl ble e for for use use by othe others rs with withou out t any any guaran guarantee tee of useful usefulnes ness, s, accu accurac racy, y, fideli fidelity, ty, or comp complet letene eness. ss. No author author, , licens licensing ing agent, agent, or author authorize ized d distri distribut butor or will will be held held respon responsib sible le for any damages that might possibly result from the use or misuse of ATP EMTP materials for any purpose. purpose. The user user is solely responsi responsibilit bility y for any damages damages that might might possibly result from the use or misuse of ATP EMTP materials for any purpose.


4 I-A.

Background of ATP;

User

Groups;

H01

Education

The Electromagnetic Transients Program, or EMTP (pronounced by naming the four letters sequentially), is primarily a simulation program of the electric power industry. It can predict variables of interest within electric power networks as functions of time, typically following some disturbance such as the switching of a circuit breaker, or a fault. It also is used by those who specialize in power electronics. EMTP has its roots in Portland, Oregon (USA), at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Energy. Thanks to generous contributions of both manpower and money (the latter to support specialists working on EMTP research and development under contract), BPA dominated EMTP development for more than a decade. This was all public-domain work, and it was given freely to any interested party. This was prior to attempted commercialization of the EMTP during the summer of 1984 (see Section I-A-1 below). The present manual basically is just a complete set of rules for EMTP input and output. Except for the Table of Contents and Introduction at the front (through the end of Section I), and the References and Index at the back (Sections XXV and XXVI, respectively), nothing but rules of program usage will be found. Since most EMTP data have a required order of input, the rules of this book have been written in this same order of data input. Supporting programs (e.g., "LINE CONSTANTS") are exceptions, and they have all been forced to the back (Chapters XVII through XXIV) to agree with the order of appearance within the computer source file (UTPF). Details about interactive execution, observation, and control (SPY) also have no fixed order, and they have been placed in Chapter XVI, preceding the supporting programs.

I-A-1.

History

of

Royalty-Free

Development

Following attempted commercialization of the EMTP by certain large organizations of the North American power industry ("EPRI and some friends," as explained later), all EMTP development no longer was given to BPA by persons who had cooperated with BPA in the past. Included was the prodigious afterhours, weekend, and vacation work of Dr. W. Scott Meyer. There evolved a distinct EMTP version known by the acronym ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Although ATP work remains the property of the individuals who produced it, the Can/Am user group is the licensing agent for the use of these EMTP materials by others. For other parts of the world (England, Europe, Taiwan, etc.), such authority has been delegated to others. ATP materials are royalty-free for those who have not participated in "EMTP commerce" (defined by form letter LICENSE.ZIP of the Can/Am user group), but they are not public-domain in nature (as is the case with BPA EMTP work). This distinction is necessary in order to protect such materials from commercial exploitation. The Can/Am user group is grateful to BPA for all of its public-domain EMTP development that formed the basis for this newer, improved, offering of the program. The roots of ATP can be traced to early 1984, when it became apparent to BPA EMTP developers that DCG was not working as it was supposed to, and formed a threat to free EMTP. At that point (February or March), 12 years of "EMTP Memoranda" were ended by Dr. Meyer, and every available hour of his free (non-BPA) time was switched from BPA's EMTP to the creation of a viable alternative that would be denied to those having commercial ambitions (already apparent among several DCG members). ATP, the Alternative Transients Program, was the result during the fall of 1984. This followed Dr. Meyer's return from Europe (the first European EMTP short course, in Leuven) and purchase of his first home computer (the new IBM PC AT) during August of 1984. In September of 1982, a "coordination agreement" concerning the EMTP was signed by six large power organizations of North America: three U.S. government agencies (BPA, the Western Area Power Administration, and the U.S. Bureau of


H01

5

Reclamation, with the latter two headquartered in Denver, Colorado) and three Canadian organizations (Hydro-Quebec/IREQ, Ontario Hydro, and the Canadian Electrical Association on behalf of the remaining Canadian utilities). Known by the acronym DCG (for EMTP Development Coordination Group), this organization agreed during March of 1983 to keep the EMTP proper (the UTPF) in the public domain. But there followed a loose Association with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, of Palo Alto, California) during the summer of 1984. During the fall of that year, it was claimed by the DCG Steering Committee that BPA EMTP work would no longer be in the public domain, and would not be given freely to others. But such DCG/EPRI policy was nothing more than wishful thinking by those wanting to commercialize the EMTP. During April of 1985, a U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request was filed with BPA, and BPA disclosed its then-latest version of the UTPF as required by that U.S. law. Since then, strong statements from BPA indicated that both U.S. government work and money must result only in public-domain EMTP products. This was consistent with the hopes of European EMTP users, of course. Prior to such statements by higher management and its representatives at BPA, LEC (the Leuven EMTP Center with headquarters on the campus of K.U. Leuven in Belgium) was formed by Prof. Daniel Van Dommelen during the spring and summer of 1984 as a defensive measure. This was after hearing of proposed DCG/EPRI prices during a personal visit by DCG Chairman Doug Mader. Although LEC later had problems of mismanagement, everyone involved can be proud of those early years, and the obvious spirit of independence ("hell no, we won't pay") that drove the effort. The first th annual meeting of LEC was held in Leuven on November 4 of 1985, and Dr. Meyer agreed to bring ATP. About possible cooperation with those who then were trying to sell EMTP, the official minutes of this meeting records the following: "- It was unanimously agreed that the User Group wants to influence the politics of development by making a distinction between: - the EMTP proper (UTPF), which should remain free and intact. - Preprocessors, postprocessors and data bases, which could be things to sell. - After this discussion, it was agreed that TA should contact DCG in order to request EPRI not to sell the EMTP proper (UTPF). Should this first attempt prove to be unsuccessful, then DVD could try." Here "TA" stands for Mr. Ture Adielson of ASEA, who at the time was the EMTP representative of ASEA to both DCG and LEC. Finally "DVD" indicates Prof. Van Dommelen, the Chairman of LEC. Prior to the vote authorizing this statement, Dr. Meyer had agreed to turn his ATP work into the public domain provided DCG and EPRI would do likewise. No response from DCG or EPRI was ever received, as far as the Can/Am user group knows. Both K.U. Leuven and LEC operated through 1993 without any formal connection to any power organization of North America. However, LEC did cooperate with BPA on an informal basis for several years (most effectively from 1985 to 1989), and it remained willing to consider the establishment of a formal tie provided non-commercial EMTP activity at K.U. Leuven could thereby be assisted. This was the stated goal of LEC, which was supposed to be a nonprofit organization. The Chairman did serve without pay, and decisions normally were made (or subsequently reaffirmed) by majority vote of the members. That was through 1990, anyway. But with growth came affluence, and with affluence seemed to come corruption as discovered by LEC's own Steering Committee. After failing to account for all money collected from members, and failing to honor voting rights of members in this regard (accurate accounting of money), LEC was closed at the end of 1993. But the European EMTP User Group (EEUG) was reformed in Hannover, Germany, during November of 1994. This followed the leadership of Dr. Mustafa Kizilcay, who was working for Lahmeyer International as the meeting was planned, but had


6

H01

been named to be a Professor at the university in Osnabrueck before the meeting was actually held. By German law, all money must be accounted for, and voting rights of members are guaranteed by an associated charter. As this text is being revised during the spring of 1995, operation is beginning slowly (German law is demanding), but with considerable promise.

I-A-2.

Learning

to

Use

ATP;

User

Groups

By far the best way to learn about EMTP capability and usage is by working beside a competent, experienced veteran. Those power organizations that have been using the EMTP for a broad range of power system simulation, and which have not suffered disrupting changes of personnel, represent the ideal learning environment. If the reader is working for such an organization, he should count his blessings, and disregard most of what follows. In case of questions or problems, go see the local experts. Always ask questions. Program users must adopt this habit, since they will be doing it until the day they retire, so broad and complex is transient simulation! For those not so blessed by local experts, the next-best alternative is a strong national or regional EMTP User Group to which new users can turn for help. Contact personnel of ATP-licensed organizations that are officially recognized by the Can/Am user group are as follows: Dr. Akihiro Ametani, Professor and Chairman, Japanese EMTP Committee Dr. Naoto Nagaoka, Professor and Secretary Faculty of Electric Engineering Doshisha University Tanabe, Tsuzuki-gun Kyoto 610-03 JAPAN

Prof. Dr.-Ing Mustafa Kizilcay Fachhochschule Osnabrueck Fachbereich Elektrotechnik Albrechtstr. 30 D-49076 Osnabrueck GERMANY

Mr. Marco Polo Pereira Chairman, Latin American EMTP User Group Furnas Centrais El étricas S.A. Rua Real Grandeza 219, C 1608 CEP 22283-900 -- Rio de Janeiro BRAZIL

Dr. Brian J. Elliott, Chairman Mr. Stephen Boroczky, Secretary Grid Planning & Development Electricity Transmission Authority PO Box 1000 Sydney South, NSW, 2000 AUSTRALIA

Dr. W. Scott Meyer and Dr. Tsu-huei Liu, Co-Chairmen Canadian/American EMTP User Group The Fontaine, Unit 6B 1220 N.E. 17th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97232 U.S.A.


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7

JinBoo Choo, Manager Korean EMTP Committee Electric Power Research Department Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) Research Center 117-15, Yong Jeon Dong, Dong-Gu Dae Jeon SOUTH KOREA

Mr. Chiang-Tsung Huang, Chairman Mr. Shui-Hsiu Lin, Secretary Republic of China EMTP User Group (Includes Hong Kong and Singapore) System Planning Department Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) 242 Roosevelt Road, Section 3 P. O. Box 171 Taipei 107 REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN)

Dr. Warren Levy Information Technology Dept. Electricity Supply Commission (ESKOM) Megawatt Park, Maxwell Drive P. O. Box 1091 Johannesburg 2000 SOUTH AFRICA

While each group was primarily designed to serve users of its geographical region, anyone in the world can order ATP materials directly from either Osnabrueck or Portland. Also, computer files are being shared on a world-wide basis among ATP-licensed users by E-mail (the Internet). See later paragraph. EMTP education is being handled separately, and materials related to it are not available through BPA, so do not write to Portland for a copy. EMTP education began in June of 1978 with a one-week EMTP short course at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison. This was basically an introductory course, and it has been offered most summers since its inception. Following the switch from BPA's EMTP to the commercial offering of DCG/EPRI in 1987 or 1988, the Madison offering has ceased to be of much value to ATP users, however. Other universities have offered introductory courses, too, from time to time. For ATP, this began in Leuven, Belgium, during the summer of 1987 --- the first public exposition of ATP. Then during the summers of 1988 and 1989, Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo, California, USA, offered the first EMTP course that used only PCs (Personal Computers). The spring of 1989 saw the beginning of such now-famous PC-based education offered by Prof. Dennis Carroll at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Prof. Ned Mohan began his popular 2-day, traveling (it follows IEEE PES Summer Meetings) course in 1990 when the PES meeting was near his home campus in Minneapolis. As for more advanced education, Europeans were first, when a high-level course for experienced users was given during the summer of 1984 by Prof. Daniel Van Dommelen at K.U. Leuven in Belgium. While needed, such advanced courses have difficulty attracting adequate numbers of students to be offered regularly. Power electronics can be simulated using the EMTP as documented by a textbook on the subject that first appeared in 1989. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., of New York City (USA), publish "Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and


8

H01

Design" by Ned Mohan, Tore Undeland, and William Robbins. An associated set of 64 ATP data cases and paper documentation of them (a separate book) can be purchased from Prof. Mohan at the University of Minnesota. Beginning about 1993, this package was bundled with Prof. Mohan's short course, which now specializes in ATP applied to power electronics of power systems. The EMTP Rule Book contains almost nothing about what is happening in the world of EMTP usage and development. For EMTP-related announcements, reports of interesting studies by program users, corrections to the Rule Book and/or common program versions, and summaries of ongoing EMTP research, see the newsletter of the Can/Am user group. This is Can/Am EMTP News, which during 1994 and 1995 has consisted of 20 pages per quarterly issue (January, April, July, and October of each year). Dating to the second half of 1988, WordPerfect 5.1 documents of the content can be obtained by E-mail from several Anonymous FTP sites around the world (more about such E-mail usage later). "EMTP News" was a valuable journal about EMTP that was published by LEC for some 6 or 7 years prior to LEC's demise in 1993. Early issues of the Can/Am newsletter will refer to this, which is an important part of the historical record of ATP usage and development. Unfortunately, no computer storage of most of the published material is believed to exist. It is hoped that the tradition of a journal for full-length articles about ATP use (more than development) can be resurrected during 1995 by the new EEUG, which would use the more appropriate name "EMTP Journal." A newsletter, this was not (during its prime, each issue of the quarterly "EMTP News" averaged about 100 pages). E-mail (electronic mail) has become critically important to many ATP users. As WordPerfect disk files, the newsletter and other ATP-useful things can be ftp.ee.mtu.edu obtained from FTP server (the former plains server, which became a mirror during April of 1995) using Anonymous FTP sparky.nodak.edu transfers of Internet. These two sites are in the north-central USA (Michigan Tech in Houghton and North Dakota State University in Fargo, respectively). There also is a mirror in Europe, at the University of Hannover in Germany at 130.75.2.2 address Details are summarized in the January, 1995, newsletter. Prof. Bruce Mork of Michigan Tech in Houghton manages this material. He also [email protected] established a free electronic bulletin board that allows ATP users to exchange messages. See the October, 1991, issue of the newsletter for Prof. Bruce Mork's 3-page exposition about this pioneering, ATP service he founded. That article also can be found in OCT91.DOC within disk file EMAIL.ZIP on the GIVE2 disk of Salford EMTP distribution. The service is free, and had grown to more than 200 addresses by the end of 1994. Prof. Mork explained FTP use in the July, 1992, issue (see JUL92.DOC within EMAIL.ZIP). ATP itself can be distributed by FTP, but not without security Attach (a password). ATP also can be distributed by normal E-mail using the button of MS Mail within MS Windows (this UUENCODEs an archive such as GIVE1.ZIP automatically) as described in the January, 1995, newsletter.

I-B.

Development

Centers

for

ATP

The Can/Am EMTP User group can be reached most easily by E-mail (electronic mail) since use of it was begun by the user group in the fall of 1993. The [email protected] current Internet address used by Drs. Meyer and Liu is: The non-electronic mailing address in The Fontaine was displayed previously. BPA personnel who are preoccupied with free EMTP development are Drs. W. Scott Meyer and Tsu-huei Liu, who most easily can be reached by telephone using number (503) 230-4404. Dr. Liu's telephone is -4401, but this is less useful because it has no recorder, and a secretary might answer. If no human answers 4404, after a full four rings a personalized recording in Dr. Meyer's voice will be heard. If the phone is in use, the recording will be heard immediately. Following Dr. Meyer's brief greeting, a caller will be given an opportunity (after the tone) to leave a recorded message (not over about 8


H01

9

minutes). A warning is appropriate, however: Speak slowly and distinctly, since the recording system produces distortion of its own as evidenced by the quality of the recording. When the message is complete, a flashing red light will be seen on Dr. Meyer's telephone. For a telephone call to be returned, be sure the name and telephone number are slowly and clearly enunciated. Finally, the address for conventional mail, E-mail, and also telephone facsimile (FAX) is: Dr. W. Scott Meyer or Dr. Tsu-huei Liu E-mail: [email protected] BPA, Route TEOS; Floor 4, Post S-14 P. O. Box 3621 Portland, Oregon 97208 U.S.A. FAX: (503) 230-3212 Those wanting to use a delivery service will require a street address: 905 N.E. 11th Avenue, with different postal code 97232. Be sure to include the floor and post, since BPA's is one big building of some 2200 workstations. Laurent Dub é, author of MODELS (new control system modeling), also can [email protected] be reached most easily by E-mail. Use (Internet address). He also has voice telephone with a recorder: (503) 392-4551. For FAX, Mr. Dubé uses 392-4575. Located on the Oregon coast about 2 hours by car from Portland, the mailing address is: DEI Simulation Software 7000 Rowan Road Manor P. O. Box 848 Neskowin, Oregon 97149 U.S.A.

I-C.

Summary Program Capability; --------------------------

Ways Execution Begins; ---------------------

Errors ------

.el The EMTP is used to simulate transients of electrical power networks. That is, it is used to solve the algebraic, ordinary, and/or partial differential equations that are associated with an interconnection of the following components: .LITERAL *

Lumped resistance,

R :

*

Lumped inductance,

L :

*

Lumped capacitance,

*

Multiphase Pi-equivalents, where the preceding scalar R, L, and C become symmetric, square matrices [R], [L], and [C].

*

Multiphase distributed-parameter transmission lines, wherein propagation time of the component is represented. Both constant-parameter and frequencydependent representations are provided.

C :


10

*

Nonlinear resistors, where the v-i characteristic is single-valued.

*

Nonlinear inductors, either with the conventional single-valued characteristic (see sketch at right) or including hysteresis and residual flux.

*

Time-varying resistance.

*

Switches, used to simulate circuit breakers, spark gaps, or any other connection change of the network. Diodes and thyristers (ac/dc valves) are included.

*

Voltage or current sources. In addition to standard mathematical functions (sinusoids, surge functions, steps, and ramps), the user may specify sources point by point as functions of time, or in usersupplied FORTRAN, or via TACS control (see control system modeling below).

*

Dynamic rotating electric machinery, of which the most common form is conventional, 3-phase synchronous machines. But induction machinery and dc-machinery also can be represented, for 1, 2, or 3 phases. Such machine models can be connected to TACS control system models (see immediately below), thereby allowing dynamics for voltage regulators and speed governors.

*

Control system dynamics as years ago were represented by differential analyzers ("analog computers"). This modeling has been named TACS, an acronym derived from "Transient Analysis of Control Systems." Nonlinear and logical operations of various types are allowed. Inputs and outputs may be interfaced with the electric network of the EMTP, thereby providing hybrid computer capability. All TACS configurations are user-patchable, and hence configurationfree. See Section III for details.

H01

.EL Trapezoidal-rule (second-order) implicit integration is used on the describing equations of most elements that are described by ordinary differential equations. The result is the formation of an associated set of real, simultaneous, algebraic equations that must be solved at each time step (see Ref.#1). These equations are placed in nodal-admittance form, with new unknown voltages as variables, and are solved by ordered triangular factorization (Ref.#4). Program output consists of component variables (e.g., branch currents or voltages, machine torques or speeds, etc.) as functions of time, for those variables that were requested by the user. Both printed and plotted output is possible, with plotting available in either character or vector-graphic mode. See Section#XIV for the batch-mode (both character and vector) plotting, and Section#XVI for the details of interactive (SPY) usage.


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Initial conditions for differential equations of the various components can be determined automatically by the program for many if not most cases of practical interest. The most important restriction is to linear elements (nonlinear components must generally be ignored during phasor steady-state solutions). Yet injections of the electric network may be specified in terms of power and voltage magnitude, thereby providing multi-phase load flow capability. Control system modeling (TACS) allows for the superposition of an arbitary number of linear phasor solutions of different frequencies. An enormous discontinuity in the EMTP occurred during 1984-1985. As DCG/EPRI made proprietary claims to BPA work (later rejected by BPA in connection with a Freedom of Information Act request during April of 1985), the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) version was developed outside of BPA by W.#Scott Meyer and other cooperating individuals and organizations. Because the program was restructured in important ways, former translators had to be abandoned. A new beginning has taken place. As a general rule, the new EMTP (i.e., ATP) is less demanding of computers than were the older ("M39." and before) versions. However, structure is different, so successful experience gained from "M39." and earlier versions is being omitted from this documentation. Most if not all of the two dozen or more distinct computers that once were proven to be EMTP-compatible (for the old code) probably remain compatible for the new code, too. Yet this is not yet known for sure. As an honest, conservative approach, all former (pre-ATP) material is being removed. For those wanting information about the portability of "M39." and earlier EMTP versions, refer to the Rule Book dated June, 1984. For all computer systems, program execution begins with a one-line prompt that shows the most important alternatives within parentheses: .LITERAL $emtp EMTP begins. Send (SPY, file_name, DISK, HELP, GO, KEY) : SPY .EL If the user is communicating with the operating system in real time via a keyboard (as opposed to being home in bed while some batch-mode processor runs his job during the middle of the night), then his next input is crucial to how the program begins execution. If the user knows nothing, he might send the 4th listed alternative ("HELP"), which results in the following universal information about the various choices: 1) "SPY" is the gateway to interactive execution, observation, and control, as documented in Section#XVI of the Rule Book. For details, send "SPY", "HELP" and then "ALL" --- resulting in a total of about 500 lines of instruction. 2) "file_name". If not one of the listed key words (in capital letters), the input line is taken as the name of a disk file of data for batch-mode solution. If this ends with a period, ".dat" (the implied file type DATTYP of the STARTUP file) will be appended. 3)

"DISK"

is request for later prompt for LUNIT6 disk file name.

4)

"HELP"

provides the overview of options now being read.

5) "GO" is for batch solution, like 2, only for the special case of an external connection of the data file to LUNIT5. 6)

"KEY"

7) "STOP" .LITERAL .el

is for use of

LUNIT5#=#5

data input

(no use of LUNT10 cache).

will terminate execution immediately (FORTRAN STOP).

12


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The 1st alternative, "SPY", should be used only with those computers that have the capability of interactive EMTP execution, observation, and control. Verify availability in the installation-dependent section applicable to the computer of interest before any such attempt. Then refer to Section#XVI for generic instructions of usage. A disk file name may follow "SPY", separated by a blank and possibly preceeded by the character "@" (indicating a SPY command file rather than an EMTP data file). For further details, see the "DATA" command of SPY in Section XVI-C-1. For non-SPY EMTP execution, it is the 2nd option ("file_name") of the initial EMTP prompt that can always be used. Just send the name of any legal disk file that contains EMTP data to be solved. Since such names depend upon computer system (file names were not standardized by ANSI FORTRAN#77), any example might be misleading, so none will be given. Arguments of the type used with $INCLUDE can follow the file name for special cases. Of course, a special data file is required, and arguments must match the demands of the data file in both number and type. If ".dat" is not explicitely keyed, remember to leave room for it (at least 4 blanks) before any arguments begin, since the ".dat" will erase whatever exists at the time and place of its application. An illustration using a single argument is provided by BENCHMARK DC-65, which begins execution as follows. Note that there is only one argument, the end time TMAX of the study, which is being set to 7/10 second: .literal $emtp EMTP begins. Send (SPY, file_name, DISK, HELP, GO, KEY) : dc65. , 0.70 .el For more details, see "DATA BASE MODULE" of Section XIX-F. Two or more arguments require use of a comma "," as a separator (possibly changed by variable CHRCOM on card 19 of the STARTUP file). To continue the argument list on a second or later input line, simply key "$$" (possibly changed by variable CHRCOM on card 19 of the STARTUP file) on the right in any columns not exceeding 79-80. The following continuation line begins in column 2 (column 1 is ignored, so do not begin an argument there). There is no limit to the number of such continuation lines. The third possible beginning is "DISK", which provides a universal way of sending the EMTP's LUNIT6 output to a disk file of the user's choice, in case of non-SPY execution. If the user is communicating with the operating system in real time, and if his computer has windows that can be scrolled the way Apollo's can, then usage of "DISK" is not generally recommended, since it masks important information about how execution is progressing. For example, the user will not know how close to termination a simulation might be. On the other hand, in cases of batch-mode solution with the user at home and asleep in bed, this is precisely what is wanted. For such use, the "DISK" request is sent first, followed by "file_name" (to specify the data), followed by a second file name to which LUNIT6 is to be connected. If such commands are done in real time, the third and final input will be in response to the prompt: .LITERAL Send desired disk file name for LUNIT6 : .el To over-write an existing file of the same name, append "-r" or "-R" for most computers. For example: "dc4. -r". Without this request to replace the old file with the new one, the EMTP will prompt for a correction. The 5th alternative input is "GO", which is not universal, and which is not recommended for any computer that has dynamic OPEN/CLOSE capability. It is only necessary and sufficient for those installations that lack such capability (e.g., mainframe IBM systems) --- computers that require the user to connect the EMTP input data file externally. For typical batch-mode IBM usage, this would be as part of the Job Control Language that runs the program. The


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"GO" command then informs the computer that data has already been connected, and that the user now wants the solution to proceed. The 6th alternative input is "KEY", which has specialized use. One application is for program (or data) debugging using computers with windows (see the Apollo pages). Another application is for the production of batch-mode EMTP plots one at a time, with the user allowed to see the preceding plot before creating the following plot card. This assumes that the user is communicating with the operating system in real time, and that he is using a terminal that is capable of displaying the requested plots. It also assumes that the simulation of interest has already been performed, and that raw plot data points have been saved on disk (integer miscellaneous data parameter ICAT > 0). Consider the following sequence of keyed input lines in response to the initial EMTP prompt: .LITERAL KEY $OPEN, UNIT=4 FILE=//A/WSM/DC3TO54.PL4 ....(etc.) REPLOT 144 1. 0.0 20. 18-A 18-B 18-C .el The 2nd card shown connects the plot file to the program, whereas the 3rd ("REPLOT") transfers control to batch-mode EMTP plotting. The 4th card is the 1st of an indeterminate number of batch-mode EMTP plot cards. Since these are only read one at a time as needed, the user can request whatever he wants in whatever quantity he wants, based of the results of previous plots. It is possible that an extra card, "DISK PLOT DATA", might be required after "KEY" and before "REPLOT". This is the case for those program versions (e.g., Apollo) that do not have an LUNIT4 connection to disk by default. There may also be need of a "CALCOMP PLOT" or "PRINTER PLOT" request before the first plot card, if the STARTUP file does not correspond to the available mode of the terminal being used. Finally, remember that the $OPEN card is installation-dependent. For details of this example, see BENCHMARK DC-54. The 7th and final alternative, not suggested by the prompt, is "STOP", which represents a generic way to terminate program execution. But since most if not all computers have vendor-specific ways that may be more convenient and natural, it is unclear whether the average user will want to key "STOP" just to halt the program. Once program execution is under way, output designed for the line printer (the LUNIT6 I/O channel) will be created at intervals, and variables of interest may be written to a disk file (typically with file type ".PL4") for later plotting. Whether the user sees much if any of this will depend upon whether or not he can see the LUNIT6 output on a computer monitor during this time. The "DISK" command obviously prevents this for most systems, as might the "GO" command (if a file were assigned externally to LUNIT6). Formal error terminations are a special form of output with which every user should be familiar. It is difficult to overlook any such messages, since the LUNIT6 output is marked before and after by the following characteristic, 4-line band of printing that is a full 132 columns wide: .literal -----------------------------------------------------------------ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ ... etc. ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ERROR/ -----------------------------------------------------------------.el Following such an introduction will be 5 lines of standard explanation ("You lose, fella ...") to which only the beginning user need pay any attention. But then comes valuable information, beginning an 80-column card image of the last-read data card. Location of the difficulty in the EMTP source code is provided by the numbers that are labeled as: "KILL code number", "Overlay number", and "Nearby statement number". Finally, there is the specific error message itself, always beginning with "KILL =XX" where "XX" is the KILL-code number (between unity and about 230). After a second printing of the


14

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"ERROR/ERROR" band, there will be attempted recovery of execution, with the program reading through remaining data cards until a "BEGIN NEW DATA CASE" card is found. Case summary statistics will then separate the error termination from the following solution (if enough data remains to be solved). Non-fatal warning messages are usually much more inconspicuous, but should be looked for, and understood, by the intelligent user. Usually such messages will be indented, and often they are preceded by several special symbols. As an example, consider: "///##Warning.##Nonzero XOPT or COPT differs from the power frequency of 6.00000000E+01 Hz. Did the user really want this?" Not shown here is the indentation of two spaces. .literal

I-D.

$-Cards of "CIMAGE" Can Be Ordered Arbitrarily ------------------------------------------------

.el An EMTP data case is made of EMTP data cards (or more formally, of 80-column card-image records, in this day of CRT monitors). Most such cards require specific ordering (see Section I-I), so are the subject of later sections of this manual (Section#II onward). But there is an exception -- a class of cards called "$-cards" for which ordering is arbitary. Such cards will be explained in the remainder of this section. A $-card (pronounced "dollar card") consists of a dollar sign in column one, followed immediately by some short command. All such cards are requests for operations that can be serviced locally within installation-dependent SUBROUTINE CIMAGE. Due to the installation-dependent character, it is true that no one can be sure of what applies to all systems. For example, a particular computer might refuse to recognize any such card. Yet this should not happen. There should be a solid, universal framework that applies to all computers for the following cards: .LITERAL 1. $OPEN 2. $CLOSE 3. $WIDTH 4. $ABORT 5. $ENABLE 6. $NEW EPSILN, EPS 7. $MONITOR 8. $LISTOFF 9. $LISTON 10. $VINTAGE,M 11. $STOP 12. $WATCH 13. $COMMENT 14. $DEBUG, M 15. $UNITS 16. $PUNCH 17. $ERASE 18. $STARTUP, file_name 19. $KEY 20. $BREAK .el It is such universal rules that will be described in the remainder of the present section. For specifics of computer- or installation-dependent exceptions or extensions, see that section of the Rule Book that applies to the computer of interest. .literal I-D-1.

$OPEN

to connect a disk file to an I/O channel -----------------------------------------------

.el $OPEN##is used to connect a disk file to an I/O channel of the program. Similar to the ANSI FORTRAN#77 definitions of these statements, qualifiers are allows. While some qualifiers are required for all computers (e.g., the I/O unit number with qualifier "UNIT="), others (e.g., the record length specification "RECL=") may be required only for certain computers. So, although details may vary from computer to computer, the structure is universal, and this is what will now be summarized. First, consider sample $OPEN usage for Apollo, as drawn from BENCHMARK DC-54 (and split into two lines only for ease of display): .LITERAL $OPEN, UNIT=4 FILE=//A/WSM/DC3TO54.PL4 FORM=UNFORMATTED STATUS=OLD RECL=8000 .el


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Note the single comma, after the request word. All other qualifiers are separated from each other by one or more blanks, not commas (note!). Although the display has been spread onto a second line for convenience of presentation, this is not allowed as EMTP data, which must all fit within a single, 80-column card image. The qualifiers can appear in any order, and variations should be obvious to any FORTRAN programmer. For example, FORM=FORMATTED would be possible, as would STATUS=NEW, STATUS=SCRATCH, or STATUS=UNKNOWN. Yet some of this is computer-dependent. For example, VAX can always create a NEW file (given a higher version number by VAX/VMS), whereas Apollo only can do so if a file of the desired name does not already exists. An unfortunate peculiarity of Apollo Aegis is the need for the "RECL=" qualifier (most systems can dispense with this detail). Remember that using STATUS=SCRATCH conflicts with the use of "FILE=", so these two should never be used together (see the 2nd subcase of BENCHMARK DC-24 for sample STATUS=SCRATCH usage). An illustration of $OPEN usage is provided by BENCHMARK DC-40, which continues the Monte Carlo simulation of DC-24 (which only performed 3 of the 6 total energizations) using "START AGAIN". Before emtp tables can be read via I/O channel LUNIT2#=#2, the disk file storing them must be connected. The data card interpretation for this operation is as follows: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Connect disk file to I/O unit. |$OPEN, UNIT=2 FILE=DC24. .el Other test cases illustrating $OPEN are: 1)##DC-3, which illustrates the manual naming of the plot file (rather than having a random name based on the date and time of day); 2)##the second subcase of DC-24, to connect the file of user-supplied switch times, DC24LUNIT8.DAT, to unit 8; 3)##DC-32, where the disk file of program tables (created because MEMSAV#=#1) must be connected by the user. 4)##DC-46, where the plot file created by DC-45, DC45.PL4, is connected for postprocessing using TACS; 4)##DC-49, which is like DC-40 except for the lack of dice rolling (it provides a continuation for the deterministic DC-32); 5)##DC-54, where the plot file created by DC-3, DC3TO54.PL4, is connected for purposes of delayed, batch-mode plotting using REPLOT. Should more than 80 columns be required due to a long file name, the user is advised to use a continuation request "=$$" on the right of his $OPEN card. All partial cards begin with "$OPEN," in columns 1-6. For an illustration of such usage, see BENCHMARK DC-66. Interpretation will be identical whether or not the $OPEN is contained on a single card. .literal

I-D-2.

$CLOSE

to disconnect a disk file from an I/O channel -----------------------------------------------------

.el $CLOSE is used to disconnect a previously-connected file. Sometimes this is done to protect a data file from being written on after it has been used. At other times it is used to free the I/O unit for another connection that is to follow. In any case, only the UNIT= and STATUS= qualifiers are applicable. The first of these is self-explanatory, and the second will either be STATUS=SAVE or STATUS=DELETE. The addition of "SHOW CARDS" anywhere on the $CLOSE request will result in a listing of 80-column card images of the file just as though the cards had been punched (see $PUNCH). This is just before the file is released. For an illustration, see the second subcase of BENCHMARK DC-52. An illustration of $CLOSE usage is provided by BENCHMARK DC-40, which continues the simulation of DC-24 using "START AGAIN". After emtp tables have


16

H01

been connected and read, they are immediately disconnected to protect them against some unplanned, stray WRITE to the I/O channel being used (this is the extra-cautious approach). The following interpretation documents this: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Disconnect disk file from I/O unit. |$CLOSE, UNIT=2 STATUS=K .el Any data case with MEMSAV#=#1, or the associated subsequent "START AGAIN", will use $CLOSE. Other test cases are the first and third subcases of BENCHMARK DC-24, DC-32, all subcases of DC-49, and the 2nd subcase of DC-52. I-D-3.

$WIDTH

to change the LUNIT6 output width -----------------------------------------

.el $WIDTH,#M##allows the user to modify the LUNIT6 output width, most commonly between 80 and 132. Such $-card specification will overide the initial choice that has been built into the STARTUP file. All output structures for simulation usage can have the width so controlled, although little has been done for non-simulation supporting programs (e.g., "LINE CONSTANTS"), most of which produce only 132-column output. One usage that may have nothing to do with width is to have 132-column output everywhere except for the branch flows and nodal injections of the phasor solution. This can both speed output and save considerable paper, since no reverse flows are printed, and the forward flows are shorter. An illustration of $WIDTH usage is provided by BENCHMARK DC-5, which illustrates 80-column output capability of the program. The following interpretation documents this: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------New KOL132 = 80 (LUNIT6 output width). |$WIDTH, 80, { Req

I-D-4.

$ABORT

to proceed to next data subcase ---------------------------------------

.el $ABORT results only in setting the error flag KILL#=#88. For most places of a data case, this will direct control to special error message number 88, and then result in a skip to the next data subcase of the disk file, should one exist. The location of $ABORT is not arbitrary, although it can be placed before just about any blank terminator card as an extra record. An illustration of $ABORT usage is provided by the second subcase of BENCHMARK DC-42, which is to abort before the blank card ending plot cards. The following interpretation documents this: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------ End data subcase. "CIMAGE" sets KILL = 88. |$ABORT { Illustration

I-D-5.

$DISABLE $ENABLE

to treat data cards as if they were comment cards to end such implicit commenting of data cards -------------------------------------------------------

.el

a

The $DISABLE/ENABLE feature is one trivial, universal feature. First, $DISABLE card tells the EMTP to treat all following data cards as if they


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17

were comment cards, until the following appearance of a $ENABLE card. This is a very handy feature for big blocks of comments, or for the temporary removal of components from a data case without actually throwing the records away (one might later want to restore them, and this allows easy remembrance). Any $INCLUDE file may contain $DISABLE and $ENABLE as a matched pair. Just be sure that $ENABLE always appears in the same disk file as the preceding $DISABLE. For an illustration, see BENCHMARK DC-17, which has $DISABLE and $ENABLE within DC17INC2.DAT, which is called by DC17INC1.DAT (in turn called by DC17.DAT). The $DISABLE/ENABLE feature is no longer actually in SUBROUTINE CIMAGE where it began. Instead, the cards to be discarded are ignored as they are first read from disk at the beginning of execution. Only the last card of the block will be retained, and this will be recreated to include a count of the total number of data cards (including both $DISABLE and $ENABLE) of the extraneous block. As an illustration, for BENCHMARK DC-17 this appears as follows: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------End of data to be ignored (implicit "C "). |$ENABLE, ONLY THIS ONE C ...ARD ENDING 5 CARDS OF $DISABLE/ENABLE IS RETAINED. Another illustration can be found in BENCHMARK DC-24:

I-D-6. .el

$NEW EPSILN to alter miscellaneous data parameter EPSILN ----------------------------------------------------------

$NEW#EPSILN,#EPS##allows the user to redefine the floating-point miscellaneous data parameter EPSILN at any point of the input data. The new numerical value is "EPS" --a free-format, positive, floating-point constant. Consult Section II-B for general information about EPSILN. Interpretation of the $NEW#EPSILN request confirms both the old and the new value for the tolerance. The following illustration is from BENCHMARK DC-12: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------EPSILN change. Old, new = 1.000E-08 1.000E-09 |$NEW EPSILN, 1.E-9, {

I-D-7. .el

$MONITOR

to display date and time on the computer monitor ----------------------------------------------------------

$MONITOR was originally designed to result in the display of this interpeted card image on the CRT monitor, which might be useful if the LUNIT6 output otherwise would be unseen (e.g., it might be sent to disk rather than to the computer CRT monitor). The result would be a single, 132-column line: 51 columns for the interpretation on the left, 1 columns for the vertical separator, and finally the 80-column card image (which begins with the request $MONITOR) on the right. Since the card in question usually should serve to mark some position of special importance (e.g., the final branch card), comment information to inform the user is appropriate. Any such arbitrary text can follow the in-line comment marker "{", of course. So much for the original use of $MONITOR, which was designed before the use of scientific workstations such as Apollo. For dedicated personal computers that have scrollable windows, there is seldom a good excuse for diverting the LUNIT6 output from the window in which the program is being executed. So, there was little use for the $-card. When the idea of a request for the wall-clock

18


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time came to mind, it was easy to switch to this more useful and different meaning. So, for Apollo and some other more modern computers, $MONITOR will still produce the 132-column line of the preceding paragraph, but this is just part of the regular LUNIT6 output. The card index for LUNT10 storage is displayed, as shown by the following illustration: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Send time to CRT monitor. Card NUMDCD = 5492. |$MONITOR { Request t .el But there also is an extra such output that includes the date and the time in the interpretation, and this extra line goes to the CRT screen (Apollo window). An illustration follows: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|---------------------------- Monitor time = 10-Apr-86 14.10.30 |$MONITOR { Request t .el To observe such usage, see the solution to standard test case BENCHMARK DC-3 for the computer of interest. The preceding two examples were taken from the Apollo solution of this data. .LITERAL

I-D-8. $LISTOFF to cease outputing interpreted images of input cards I-D-9. $LISTON to resume outputing interpreted images of input cards --------------------------------------------------------------.el $LISTOFF/LISTON is another universal feature. First a $LISTOFF card tells the EMTP not to display and interpret data cards that follow. This continues until a following $LISTON card is encountered. The purpose of such use generally is to minimize the size of the output file by omitting the listing and interpretation of blocks of data that have been tested and used before. This is particularly advantageous for users of slow computer terminals, in order that solution speed not be inhibited by unneeded output (assuming that it goes to the terminal display). An illustration of such usage is provided by BENCHMARK DC-17. The interpretation is documented by the following two consecutive lines from the LUNIT6 output of the solution: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Turn off input data listing at card 5505 |$LISTOFF, ----- Precedi Turn on input data listing at card 5508 |$LISTON .el Note that two card images, numbered 5506 and 5507 (indices of the EMTP card cache), are invisible in between the two that are seen in the solution. .literal

I-D-10. $VINTAGE to choose among alternate data formats -----------------------------------------------.el $VINTAGE,#M allows the user to choose between old and new data formats on a component by component basis. Here integer constant "M" characterizes the age of the data (only 0 and 1 have meaning so far). Data options will be described later in the manual, along with the components that allow such a choice. Interpretation of the $VINTAGE request is simple enough. was drawn from the solution to BENCHMARK DCPRINT-3:

The following


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19

.literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------New MOLDAT = 1 (data vintage). |$VINTAGE, 1, { Switch fr

I-D-11.

$STOP

to terminate the present solution ----------------------------------------

.el $STOP terminates the present "solution" as quickly as possible. But what exactly is meant by "solution" in this context? As this feature was originally conceived and implemented, the EMTP response to $STOP was the termination of program execution via an immediate, local FORTRAN STOP statement. So much for the original idea, which rapidly was modified to rely upon an installation-dependent module that serves this function: CALL STOPTP. Then a much bigger change came with the concept that EMTP execution should not be restricted to a single data file. Recall that one disk file (a collection of stacked EMTP data cases) after another can now be solved without execution ever terminating. This is for non-SPY usage, wherein execution begins with the opening prompt: .LITERAL EMTP begins. Send (SPY, file_name, DISK, HELP, GO, KEY) : .el When data of a disk file runs out (blank card ending the last EMTP data case), execution returns to this prompt. Well, this is the intended result of $STOP usage, too. Yet operation is necessarily less than perfect, depending upon where execution was when the card was read. All "CIMAGE" can do is set a flag (KILL = -9999) that will be looked for at various places in the program (e.g., the end of each overlay). Since there are hundreds of calls to the module, it is unrealistic to burden the program with a check after each call. So, there will be the hoped for reprompt if nothing illegal to the operating system (e.g., a numerical decode of the character string "$STOP") occurs before the flag is observed. For an example, see BENCHMARK DC-42, the second subcase of which uses $STOP after plot cards. There is no problem with recognition and recovery, it will be seen. Interpretation of the $STOP request is simple enough. The following was drawn from the solution to BENCHMARK DC-13: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Halt execution: "CIMAGE" sets KILL = -9999. |$STOP { Illustrate im

I-D-12.

$WATCH

to request extra, periodic output to CRT ------------------------------------------------

.el $WATCH,#M is used to define the frequency of special, extra output that always goes to the CRT monitor. This really only has meaning if the LUNIT6 output would otherwise be unseen (e.g., it might be sent to disk rather than to the computer CRT monitor). If "M" were 100, then every 100-th input data card would be shown on the CRT monitor. This periodic output is only 80-columns in width, and it begins with the LUNT10 index number, which leaves only 72 columns for the input card image (to the right of a colon). As an illustration, consider the solution to BENCHMARK DC-12, of which one of the more readily recognizable monotoring lines is the following: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------5602 :BLANK card ending branch cards .el


20

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Interpretation of the $WATCH request includes confirmation of the user-specified frequency "M". The following is an illustration drawn from BENCHMARK DC-12: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Paint input data on screen, every 25 -th card. |$WATCH, 25, { Illustrate

I-D-13. $COMMENT to toggle the suppression of comment cards ---------------------------------------------------.el $COMMENT serves to toggle the binary flag that controls the interpreted output of comment cards among input data. Following the first appearance of such a card, comment cards will be discarded and not seen in the LUNIT6 file. A second such request card will return the control to its original state, so that subsequent comment cards will be interpreted and displayed. An example of such usage is provided by BENCHMARK DC-3. As for the interpretation, it confirms the new status of the binary flag: zero means that comment cards are seen, whereas unity means that comment cards are being suppressed. The first usage within BENCHMARK DC-3 is interpreted as follows: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Toggle comment card destruction. New N11 = 1. |$COMMENT {

I-D-14. .el

$DEBUG

for local control of diagnostic printout ------------------------------------------------

$DEBUG,#M is a request to redefine the current diagnostic printout control variable IPRSUP (see the integer miscellaneous data card of Section II-B) to value "M" (an integer constant most often in the range of 0 to 9). Confined to the UTPF overlay currently being executed, this allows redefinition of the DIAGNOSTIC printout level. But when the current UTPF overlay is exited, the effect of the $DEBUG definition is lost. Free-format is used for the ",#M" part, so imbedded blanks are optional here. Printout can be turned off later in the same UTPF overlay using "$DEBUG,#0" (remember that level zero implies none). Use of this $-card does not replace the "DIAGNOSTIC" special-request card of Section II-A (for diagnostic printout control overlay by overlay). In fact, this is why the $-card definition is local to the UTPF overlay in which it is read: because IPRSOV is used to reset IPRSUP every time a new overlay is begun. A somewhat artificial example of such usage is provided by BENCHMARK DCPRINT-5. The interpretation confirms the new value of diagnostic control, of course: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------New IPRSUP = 8 (DIAGNOSTIC value). |$DEBUG, 8, { Illustrativ

I-D-15.

$UNITS

to alter

XOPT

and/or

COPT ------------------------------------

.el $UNITS,#XOPT,#COPT is used to change the two floating-point miscellaneous data parameters that specify the units of input inductance (millihenries vs. ohms) and capacitance (microfarads vs. micromhos). This allows different


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branches to have different such choices, and it modifies the initial choice that is read from the floating-point miscellaneous data card of Section II-B. Interpretation of the input data confirms the new values for parameters XOPT and COPT. An illustration is provided by BENCHMARK DC-11, from which the following line was taken: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------New XOPT, COPT = 1.59154943E-01 1.59154943E-07 |$UNITS, .1591549431, .15

I-D-16.

$PUNCH

to flush the buffer that holds punched cards ----------------------------------------------------

.el $PUNCH##is used to flush card images that have accumulated in the punched-card buffer (originally I/O channel number LUNIT7) since the last such usage, or since the last usage of $ERASE -which ever is the most recent. Because $PUNCH involves installation-dependent code, details could vary among different computers. Of course, punched cards have just about gone the way of the dinosaur, so the first question is about the disposition of the card images. Most systems will produce both a separate disk file and also a labeled display of the card images on LUNIT6. For details, consult the appropriate installation-dependent information in Section I-F, and look to established illustrations such as BENCHMARK DC-13. It should always be legal to follow the request by a disk file name that is separated from the preceding "$PUNCH" by a comma and an arbitrary number of blanks. See the illustration immediately below. But be aware that there is no guarantee that all computers will actually send the punched cards to that file. Most should, however. Interpretation of the $PUNCH request is simple enough. The following was drawn from the solution to BENCHMARK DC-13: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Request for flushing of punch buffer. |$PUNCH, dc13a.pch .el Immediately after this will follow a listing of the card images being processed, below a 4-line heading that includes an 80-column ruler. The heading will appear as follows (truncated on the right): .literal A listing of 80-column card images now being flushed from punch buffer follo ============================================================================ 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 ============================================================================ .el After the last card image, there will be a single bounding record to inform the user that card "punching" is done. This will appear as follows (truncated on the right): .literal =========< End of LUNIT7 punched cards as flushed by $PUNCH request >=== .el Rather than place the disk file name on the $PUNCH card itself, it should be possible for him to connect the file manually using a separate, preceding $OPEN statement. Should unusual file attributes be desired or required, this might be needed in exceptional cases. .literal I-D-17.

$ERASE

to initialize the buffer that holds punched cards ---------------------------------------------------------


22

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.el $ERASE##is used to destroy any card images that might be in the punch buffer at the time this request is encountered. A conservative strategy is to always include $ERASE at the start of data that is designed to result in punched cards, since it is not always clear what might be executed ahead of the data case of interest. Interpretation of the $ERASE request confirms the number of card images in the punch buffer at the time of usage. The following was drawn from the beginning of solution to BENCHMARK DC-13. Note that no punched cards existed at the beginning of execution: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Erase all of 0 cards in the punch buffer. |$ERASE

I-D-18. $STARTUP to re-read the STARTUP file --------------------------------------.el $STARTUP,#file_name is used to read a STARTUP file (see Section I-E-2) immediately, at the instant of time the $-card is read. One or more spaces following the comma after "$STARTUP" are optional. The file name can be any complete, legal specification for the computer being used, not to exceed 32#characters. It is the name of the STARTUP disk file that is wanted at this point of program execution. There must not be a trailing comma (at the end of the file name). An illustration of $STARTUP usage is provided by the first and third subcases of standard test case BENCHMARK DC-37. The following interpretation was taken from the solution of the first subcase, which calls for revised parameters immediately before plotting: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Reinitialize using this STARTUP file. |$STARTUP, DC37STARTUP.DAT

I-D-19. .el

$KEY

to change card input from LUNT10 channel to keyboard ----------------------------------------------------------

$KEY##is used to provide keyboard input of EMTP data cards at some preselected location (the position of the $KEY request) of the program. Maybe when execution begins the user is unsure of some data, and he wants to supply that data later, based on initial program output. This is possible via $KEY, which can be used as often as desired. Each time $KEY is encountered, input will be switched from the normal card image storage of I/O unit LUNT10. Then input cards will be read from the keyboard until the user terminates such interactive input with "END", at which point input will be switched returned to the normal card image storage of LUNT10 at the record immediately following the $KEY request. In terms of card counting, keyboard input does not affect variable NUMDCD of the comment-card interpretation. In effect, keyboard input in extra input. Note that $KEY is for interactive use only. It either provides no assistance at all, or will not function properly, for batch-mode usage. Standard test cases do not illustrate such usage because, if it were added, then the case could not be properly executed in the batch mode. So, if the user wants an illustration, he must make his own. In any case, interpretation should appear as follows: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


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C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Data input next from keyboard (until "END"). |$KEY

I-D-20. $BREAK to manually trigger a disaster-level SPY interrupt ---------------------------------------------------------.el $BREAK##is similar to the preceding $KEY, only here the alternate input is changed to the SPY input channel rather than the keyboard. Of course, the two channels may be the same, for a crude, single-window implementation. But whether or not the input medium or channel is distinct, the destination of the input data is completely different. Whereas $KEY introduces normal EMTP data cards, $BREAK introduces SPY data. Time-sharing has automatically been disabled, so SPY input will continue until the user sends "GO". Of course, $BREAK can only be used with interactive execution (SPY), and this must be selected at the beginning of execution. $BREAK##is much more powerful than $KEY because SPY provides a new dimension of flexibility. For example, the user can modify any EMTP variable using DEPOSIT, and this includes the variable controlling $KEY usage. That is, if the user wants $KEY to be in effect when he leaves SPY with a subsequent "GO", he need only change the value of binary flag KEYBRD from zero to one. Since the disaster-level audible warning of SPY is used by the program in other circumstances, it is natural to employ it here, too. This alerts the user to the fact that the program is ready for interactive input. In the case of apollo, there will be the familiar audible tones of $HONK(10), which are terminated by a simple carriage return in the SPY window. After the last SPY input that is of interest to the user, "GO" will end the SPY input and return control to the batch-mode input that began the interactive operation. If the user wants to switch from SPY input to data card input, he need merely follow the $BREAK request by $KEY of the preceding subsection. They work well together as such an ordered pair. Note that $BREAK is for interactive use only. It either provides no assistance at all, or will not function properly, for batch-mode usage. Standard test cases do not illustrate such usage because, if it were added, the case then could not be properly executed in the batch mode. So, if the user wants an illustration, he must make his own. In any case, interpretation should appear as follows: .literal C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 C ------------------------------------------------|------------------------Data input next from SPY (until SPY "GO"). |$BREAK

I-D-21. $INCLUDE --- no longer within "CIMAGE" ----------------------------------------.el $INCLUDE##is a very powerful and important command that once was honored by "CIMAGE". But since the advent of data modularization and sorting by class (see Section I-J), the original code of "CIMAGE" was removed. In its place, fortified and generalized service has been added at the beginning of program execution. So, if the original data had $INCLUDE usage, all of this will have been converted before "CIMAGE" is called for the first time. .literal

Ruleboob ATP (junio 1996 - internet)

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1

I.E Computer-Dependent Aspects and Alternatives (General)

The !TP h"# been $ro%en &o'$"tible ith #o'e to o*en i#tin&tl+ i,,erent &o'$uter #+#te'# o%er the +e"r# "lthou.h "t "n+ one ti'e &urrent $ro.r"' %er#ion# t+$i&"ll+ ill be "%"il"ble onl+ ,or tho#e &o'$uter #+#te'# th"t "re "&ti%el+ #u$$orte b+ i'$ort"nt &ont"&t#/ t i# '"&hine (&o'$uter) tr"n#l"tion o, " ni%er#"l Tr"n#ient# Pro.r"' ile (TP) th"t '"ke# #u&h $ort"bilit+ $o##ible/ on&ei%e in o%e'ber o, 1974 (#ee Re,/ 13) thi# $ro&eure utili*e# " i,,erent itorTr"n#l"tor (T) $ro.r"' ,or e"&h i,,erent &o'$uter #+#te' o, intere#t/ An T '"&hine tr"n#l"te# the TP &on%ertin. it to le."l !TP RTRA ,or the $"rti&ul"r in#t"ll"tion o, intere#t/ Thi# tr"n#l"tion i# one b+ $ro.r"' '"inten"n&e "n hen&e #houl not be o, &on&ern to nor'"l u#er#/ u#t kee$ in 'in th"t "ll !TP &oe "&tu"ll+ be.in# ith the #"'e '"#ter ,ile (the TP) but i,,er# "&&orin. to the built-in or #$e&i"ll+-reue#te $ro$ertie# o, the tr"n#l"tion/ The nee to u$"te TP "n &o'$uter #$e&i,i& &oe re.ul"rl+ &"n not be #tre##e enou.h/ ith thi# in 'in the ritin. o, " &o''on Rule :ook ,or "ll i,,erent &o'$uter #+#te'# i# ju#t " little tri&k+/ u'eri&"l $re&i#ion i# " &o'$uter-e$enent et"il "bout hi&h " .oo u#er #houl be ""re/ The $re&i#ion o, T;R %"lue# i# not 'u&h o, "n i##ue #in&e "ll &o'$uter# in re&ent +e"r# "llo "eu"te $re&i#ion ,or "ll %"lue# o, intere#t/ lo"tin.-$oint re$re#ent"tion in the ,or' o, RA< or !P<= %"ri"ble# i# the onl+ re"li#ti& &on&ern then/ To"+ 'o#t &o'$uter# "re b+teor."ni*e "n the+ "llo RA<>8 "n !P<=>16 re$re#ent"tion# hi&h $ro%ie "bout 15 or 16 e&i'"l i.it# o, $re&i#ion/ Proble'# o, nu'eri&"l rouno,, th"t on&e ere "##o&i"te ith 36-bit $ro.r"' %er#ion# ,or or '"&hine# #u&h "# Hone+ell ? P?P-10 "n @@T!20 "n ni%"& h"%e l"r.el+ i#"$$e"re/ ither #u&h &o'$uter# "re no lon.er bein. u#e ,or the !TP or $ro.r"' %er#ion# h"%e been &on%erte to u#e ?:< PR@ hi&h $ro%ie# "n enor'ou# 72 bit# o, ,lo"tin.-$oint $re&i#ion/ The ue#tion o, !P<= i# tri&kier #in&e not "ll %enor# "llo $re&i#ion eu"l to th"t o, ?:< PR@ ,or thi# &"#e/ @u&h i# the &"#e ith A$ollo hi&h "# li'ite to 32 bit# o, $re&i#ion u$ to o$er"tin. #+#te' rele"#e @R9/7/ ro' %er#ion @R10 on"r# "l#o A$ollo no h"# ?:< PR@ !P<=/ ortun"tel+ it i# onl+ the BA:< @TAT@B &"l&ul"tion th"t "# ",,e&te b+ thi# #hort&o'in./ @o hile 'o#t $ro.r"' u#er# nee not be &on&erne %er+ 'u&h ith &o'$uter $re&i#ion the+ #houl &ert"inl+ be ""re o, h"t $re&i#ion i# bein. u#e/ ?i#k ,ile n"'e# "re not e,ine b+ the A@ RTRA 77 #t"n"r/ ?i#kn"'e $"thn"'e ,ilen"'e "n ,ile eCten#ion #$e&i,i&"tion# '"+ #ub#t"nti"ll+ %"r+ ,ro' one #+#te' to the other/ There "re no .ener"l rule#/ urther be"re o, the ,"&t th"t #o'e o$er"tin. #+#te'# (e/./ = Ae.i# @R10/C) "re &"#e #en#iti%e "# ,"r "# ,ile n"'in. i# o, &on&ern/ Hen&e "ll $ro.r"' ,e"ture# th"t rel+ on #u&h u#".e (e/./ the BRP<TB reue#t D<? DPH et&/) '"+ %"r+ ,ro' one &o'$uter to "nother/ !o#t #u&h u#".e relie# u$on the RTRA P<@ #t"te'ent hi&h '"+ in%ol%e ,urther %"ri"tion# "n hi&h '"+ not e%en eCi#t in the intene +n"'i& #en#e (e/./ :! '"in,r"'e &"n onl+ i'it"te +n"'i& o$enin.)/ n#t"ll"tion-e$enent in,or'"tion 'u#t be &on#ulte ,or "ll #u&h u#".e/ nter"&ti%e eCe&ution ob#er%"tion "n &ontrol (B@PB) i# hi.hl+ e$enent u$on the &o'$uter #+#te' in %"riou# "+# be.innin. ith the i#$l"+ $o##ibilitie#/ , "%"il"ble Bino#B #houl be u#e ,or i#$l"+ o, &our#e (#ee A$ollo "# "n eC"'$le)/ The ke+bo"r interru$t ill %"r+ ,ro' &o'$uter to &o'$uter/ @P ,un&tion# th"t "re b"#e on 'e'or+ lo&"tion (e/./ B=A!B or B?P@TB) 'i.ht h"%e trouble ,or #o'e &o'$uter#/ t&/


H01e

2

The en%iron'ent ,or "&tu"ll+ eCe&utin. the !TP e$en# u$on the &o'$uter bein. u#e "n "l#o #o'eti'e# u$on the 'oe o, u#".e (thinkin. o, the i,,eren&e beteen Bb"t&h 'oeB "n Be'"n #er%i&eB)/ $er"tin. #+#te'# ill %"r+ ith '"nu,"&turer eC&e$t ,or the in&re"#in.l+ $o$ul"r niC th"t no i# "%"il"ble (but not "l"+# u#e) ,or "l'o#t "n+ &o'$uter/ Hen&e no et"il# th"t "re uni%er#"l "n "$$li&"ble to "ll &o'$uter# &"n be $ro%ie/ et lo&"l eC$ert# #houl "l"+# be "ble to "%i#e "bout #u&h '"tter#/

There i# "nother t+$e o, i,,eren&e "'on. $ro.r"' %er#ion# th"t &"n $ro,it"bl+ be e#&ribe in .ener"l ter'# hoe%er/ A# #u''"ri*e in Re,/ 17 RTRA #t"te'ent# th"t "re hi.hl+ e$enent on &o'$uter br"n "nor in#t"ll"tion u#".e h"%e been i#ol"te in in#t"ll"tion-e$enent !TP 'oule# e/./ b"t&h 'oe $lottin. r"no' nu'ber# intrin#i& ,un&tion# /// , " .i%en or."ni*"tion $er,or'# it# on tr"n#l"tion #u&h 'oule# 'i.ht be &u#to'i*e #o "# to #"ti#,+ it# on $e&uli"r nee# "n Pro.r"' !"inten"n&e o, th"t or."ni*"tion #houl thorou.hl+ uner#t"n the thinkin. th"t i# re#$on#ible ,or #u&h &h"n.e#/ :ut h"t i, "n or."ni*"tion re&ei%e# " RTRA &o$+ o, the !TP ,ro' #o'e other .rou$E n thi# &"#e $erh"$# nothin. ill be knon "bout in#t"ll"tion-e$enent e&i#ion# th"t 'i.ht be '"e therein/ n orer to be "ble to &h"n.e #o'e o, the#e e&i#ion# i, nee be the u#er 'u#t kno ho to lo&"te the in#t"ll"tion-e$enent 'oule# o, intere#t/ The t"ble o, @e&tion -1 #u''"ri*e# #u&h in,or'"tion/ @till "nother "#$e&t o, in#t"ll"tion-e$enent %"ri"tion i# e'boie in $ro.r"' B#t"rt u$B ,ile#/ or A$ollo ("n 'o#t #+#te'# th"t u#e thi# &on&e$t) the i#k ,ile n"'e# "re @TARTP "n @TART@P/ The ie" i# #i'$leF r"ther th"n builin. in#t"ll"tion-e$enent &hoi&e# into the !TP RTRA #u&h in#t"ll"tion-e$enent $"r"'eter# &"n be lo"e "# "t" "t the #t"rt o, the &o'$uter #olution o, e"&h the "t" &ont"ine in e"&h i#k ,ile/ ?et"il# "re $ro%ie in @e&tion --2 "n --3 (,or @TARTP) "n @e&tion --4 (,or @TART@P)/ /R! ,ile# (&ont"inin. TP eui%"lent# o, #+#te' e$enent routine#)/ !oule# o, TP o%erl"+ n"'e B!A00B "n nu'bere B-1B BWINDOW B i# u#e to o$en the #e&on ino ,or inter"&ti%e (@P) i"lo.ue "n the thir ino ,or %e&tor-.r"$hi& $lottin./ All @P out$ut $"##e# throu.h thi# routine "# ell/ or ork#t"tion# (e/./ A$ollo or @un) ino# "re in%ol%e/ or other #+#te'# #e$"r"te ter'in"l# &oul &on&ei%"bl+ be u#e/ :ut


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'o#t &o''onl+ #+#te'# not $ro%iin. ino# ill in%ol%e no o$enin. "n @P out$ut ill #i'$l+ be #ent to <T6 (i/e/ the ,ir#t ino)/ BTGRNT B ,in# the &urrent &entr"l $ro&e##or "n in$utout$ut job ti'e# u#in. #+#te' libr"r+ ,un&tion# -l"n.u".e &"ll# or "##e'bler &"ll#/ :"#i&"ll+ thi# i# u#e onl+ ,or the el"$#e-ti'e $rintout o, the &"#e-#u''"r+ #t"ti#ti&# "t the en o, " #olution/ o''uni&"tion i# %i" the %e&tor <@TAT o, B:8 other# h"%e !P<=>16 too/ TR $oint# "re u#e ,or the #e&on "n l"ter o, "ll #u&h libr"r+ ,un&tion#/


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BATA2LB #"ti#,ie# "ll RA< libr"r+ ,un&tion# o, to RA< in$ut "r.u'ent#/ TR $oint# "re u#e ,or the #e&on "n l"ter o, "ll #u&h libr"r+ ,un&tion#/ The ,or'er 'oule n"'e "# the otheri#e-unu#e BR<2B/ B!P<=LB #"ti#,ie# "ll !P<= libr"r+ ,un&tion# o, to RA< in$ut "r.u'ent#/ TR $oint# "re u#e ,or the #e&on "n l"ter o, "ll #u&h libr"r+ ,un&tion#/ BA!A;LB #"ti#,ie# "ll RA< libr"r+ ,un&tion# o, " #in.le !P<= in$ut "r.u'ent/ TR $oint# "re u#e ,or the #e&on "n l"ter o, "ll #u&h libr"r+ ,un&tion#/ The ,or'er 'oule n"'e "# the otheri#e-unu#e BR<3B/ B?<:RB $ro%ie# "ll ?:< PR@ libr"r+ ,un&tion# o, " #in.le ?:< PR@ in$ut/ #".e be."n ju#t ,or o%erl"+ 13 ,or the @e'l+en re&ur#i%e &on%olution &oe o, th"t o%erl"+/ A @:RT not " T 'oule i# in%ol%e (i/e/ the out$ut i# &"rrie "# " #e&on "r.u'ent)/ B?<:R2B $ro%ie# "ll ?:< PR@ libr"r+ ,un&tion# o, to ?:< PR@ in$ut#/ #".e i# b+ B@!< @TPB/ A @:RT not " T 'oule i# in%ol%e (i/e/ the out$ut i# &"rrie "# " thir "r.u'ent)/ !oule# o, TP o%erl"+ n"'e BRT10B "n nu'bere B0B BTAP@AKB i# u#e to u'$ "nor re#tore !! blo&k# o, TP e&k B

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5

!oule# o, TP o%erl"+ n"'e BKR16B "n nu'bere B16B B@R<B i# uni%er#"l #our&e &oe but it i# u#e onl+ b+ @P/ @in&e @P i# &o'$uter-e$enent #o'e $ro.r"' %er#ion# ill not h"%e B@R<B/ BAA<TB $ro%ie# ,or u#er-e,ine #our&e# in &"#e o, BAA<T @R@ @A;B/ Al#o the @P &oe u#e# thi# 'oule to #er%i&e "n+ BRA!PB reue#t# "t e"&h ti'e #te$/ !oule# o, TP o%erl"+ n"'e BRT20B "n nu'bere B28B Thi# i# the onl+ #e&tion o, #our&e &oe th"t &"n be ,or"re to "ll $ro.r"' u#er#/ t "llo# the u#er to #u$$ort ju#t "n+ .r"$hi&"l libr"r+/ %erl"+ 20 in&lue# b"t&h-'oe !TP $lottin. th"t i# "&&e##e b+ o%erl"+ nu'ber HA J 28/ Althou.h the &h"r"&ter 'oe o, #u&h $lottin. i# uni%er#"l the %e&tor-.r"$hi& 'oe i# hi.hl+ e$enent u$on the $lottin. inter,"&e th"t i# u#e/ The TP &ont"in# A$ollo 'oule# hi&h "llo both #&reen $lottin. (ith reli"n&e u$on A$ollo ;r"$hi&# Pri'iti%e# or ;PR) "n "l#o :en#on $lottin./ Hoe%er the :en#on (or "lo'$-like) #ubroutine# "re $ro$riet"r+ "n &"n not be i#tribute "lon. ith "n+ !TP %er#ion/ @u&h $lottin. routine# 'u#t be "&uire "n "$$ene "t link".e-eitin. ti'e b+ the u#er/ n the TP 'oule u''+ TR $oint# ,or "ll o, the re"l :en#on eCtern"l# o, the $re%iou# $"r".r"$h h"%e been "e #o th"t A$ollo u#er# ithout #u&h :en#on $en $lotter# ill h"%e " B&le"nB :?in. (link".e-eitin.)/ , :en#on $en $lottin. i# to be u#e #u&h eCtern"l# 'u#t be re'o%e o, &our#e/ ther inter,"&e# h"%e been e%elo$e tooF Po#t#&ri$t HP;< "lo'$ ;I@ ; ;??! P<T10 =-?@/ Ple"#e &ont"&t < ,or 'ore et"il#/ B:;P

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!oule# o, TP o%erl"+ n"'e BKR21B "n nu'bere B21B B

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1 RH;H P@L PAR P@TP P@:A P?;< P!; @LP

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the ne ?3000 o,,ere " hi.her re#olution o, 1024 b+ 1280 $iCel#/ !"n+ A$ollo netork# (in&luin. <#) in%ol%e 'iCture# o, #u&h h"r"re/ R"ther th"n h"%e to i,,erent @TARTP ,ile# (hi&h oul be lo.i&"l &,r/ ;A K;A on P386) it "# e&ie urin. &tober o, 1988 th"t A$ollo u#er# oul &ontinue to u#e the ol $iCel %"lue# in the @TARTP ,ile but th"t in#t"ll"tion-e$enent &oe o, BR<1B oul 'oi,+ the#e B"$$ro$ri"tel+B #houl " hi.h-re#olution 'onitor be in#t"lle/ Thi# 'i.ht not be the o$ti'"l #olution (it e%en &oul le" to &on,u#ion) but thi# i# the "+ $ro.r"' '"inten"n&e trie to .et ri o, $iCel $roble'#/ Another eC"'$le i# ,or the ;;RA #o,t"re u#e ith the !@-?@ %er#ionF "ll $iCel %"lue# "re i.nore #in&e " "lo'$-&o'$"tible inter,"&e i# u#e ,or "ll %e&tor-.r"$hi&#/ To &on&lue "n+ #$e&i,i& &o'$uter &"n e"#il+ 'oi,+ or i.nore $iCel-rel"te "t"/ At the #"'e ti'e it i# ".ree th"t thi# 'i.ht not be tr"n#$"r"nt to the u#er#/ urther'ore the @TARTP ,ile i# &ontinuou#l+ eCtene/ The 'o#t #eriou# r"b"&k o, thi# .roth i# th"t $"r"'eter# ,or i,,erent "$$li&"tion# "re 'iCe/ To &ir&u'%ent thi# r"b"&k ,ro' the u#er# $oint o, %ie #e&tion --3 ill li#t "ll rele%"nt $"r"'eter# orere $er to$i& o, intere#t (e/./ b"t&h 'oe $lottin. @P $lottin. toler"n&e# @TAT@T@ et&/)/ An+"+ let u# i#&u## the "t" &"r# one b+ one no/ "r 1/ 1#t !i#&ell"neou# lo"tin.-$oint u'ber# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 RH;H P@L PAR P@TP P@:A P?;< P!; @LP<?T) ,or the T+$e-59 @/!/ Thi# i# ju#t " e,"ult %"lue/ t &"n $o##ibl+ be ree,ine b+ " l"## 2 @/!/ BT<RA@B reue#t o, h"$ter K/ P?;

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@LP

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"r 2/ 2n !i#&ell"neou# lo"tin.-$oint u'ber# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 @;!A= TR; ?;! ?;!A= L<!(1) (2) @TATR LKR =!A=!= AR 4/0 1/?N20 0/0 360/ 1/0 1/5 60/0 1/-6 2/0 /05 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P"r"'eter#F @;!A=F nire&t 'e"#ure ,or the $rob"bilit+ ,or ne."ti%e #it&h o$enin.&lo#in. ti'e# ,or @TAT@TA< #it&he# ,olloin. " ;"u##i"n (not uni,or') i#tribution l" (#ee #e&tion K/:/1)/ or ;"u##i"n i#tribution# @;!A=> s i# the $oint "t hi&h the Bt"il#B o, the i#tribution ill be trun&"te ,or $ur$o#e# o, &"l&ul"tin. the r"no' #it&hin. ti'e#/ The %"lue o, 4/0 h"# been u#e ,or +e"r# ithout &o'$l"int/ Then the $rob"bilit+ ,or ne."ti%e #it&h o$enin.&lo#in. ti'e# i# #'"ller th"n 0/005V/ TR;F the ti'e (in #e&on#) ,or t"ble u'$in. o, !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion#/ > h+ t"ble u'$in. E Re&"ll th"t b+ e,inition re#ult# ,or e%er+ ener.i*"tion "re ienti&"l u$ to the 'o'ent o, the ,ir#t r"no' e%ent/ Hen&e in orer to #$ee u$ &"l&ul"tion# ,or e"&h ener.i*"tion it oul be " .oo ie" to #tore the eter'ini#ti& #itu"tion th"t eCi#t# $rior to the ,ir#t r"no' e%ent/ :e&"u#e o, the $rob"bili#ti& n"ture o, " !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion the eC"&t 'o'ent o, the ,ir#t r"no' e%ent i# not knon " $riori/ :ut b"#e on #t"ti#ti&"l theor+ the $rob"bilit+ i# %er+ lo (W0/005V) to h"%e "n+ #it&hin. "&tion 4s be,ore the "%er".e %"lue o, the #'"lle#t "%er".e #it&h o$enin.&lo#in. ti'e/ > K"li ti'e #$e&i,i&"tion#F - " ti'e eC$re##e in #e&on#/ @u&h #$e&i,i&"tion i# not re&o''ene ,or re"#on# eC$l"ine be,ore (one &"nnot be #ure to #t"rt ,ro' the #"'e eter'ini#ti& #itu"tion ,or e"&h #u&&e##i%e ener.i*"tion)/ - " %er+ l"r.e $o#iti%e %"lue (e/./ 1/?N20)/ Thi# i# " ,l". u#e b+ the $ro.r"' to #et the 'o'ent o, t"ble u'$in. eu"l to " %"lue 4 s be,ore the "%er".e %"lue o, the #'"lle#t "%er".e #it&h o$enin.&lo#in. ti'e/ Thi# o$tion i# re&o''ene #in&e it ill "%oi re$etiti%e re#i'ul"tion o, the $re%iou# eter'ini#ti& #olution ,or e"&h #u&&e##i%e ener.i*"tion/ - " %er+ l"r.e ne."ti%e %"lue (e/./ -1/10) not *ero ill '"ke #ure th"t t"ble u'$in. t"ke# $l"&e "t ti'e *ero/ Thi# ill be ti'e &on#u'in. be&"u#e the ,ull eter'ini#ti& &"#e ill be &"l&ul"te re$e"tel+ (i/e/ ,or e"&h #u&&e##i%e ener.i*"tion)/ ?;! ?;!A=F $"r"'eter# e,inin. the ti'e ino th"t e#&ribe# eCtr" r"no' el"+ ,or @TAT@T #it&he# (#ee #e&tion K/:)/ Re&"ll th"t #u&h eCtr" r"no' el"+ ,ollo# " uni,or' i#tribution r"ther th"n " ;"u##i"n i#tribution/ Thi# eCtr" r"no' el"+ i# not eC$re##e in the u#u"l unit# o, ti'e (e/./ #e&on#) but r"ther in e.ree# b"#e on the #+n&hronou# $oer ,reuen&+ @TATR (&,r/ 7th $"r"'eter on thi# &"r)/ ?;! i# the be.innin. "n.le here"# ?;!A= i# the enin. "n.le to e,ine the ti'e ino/ t i# inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# @TAT@T@ "t" $"r"'eter T=T (#ee #e&tion /) th"t e&ie# hether thi# eCtr" r"no' el"+ #houl be "$$lie to none to "ll or onl+ to the &lo#in. or onl+ to the o$enin. @TAT@TA< #it&he#/ L<!(1) "n L<!(2)F $"r"'eter# th"t &ontrol eton Ln iter"tion#/ :oth %"lue# &"n be #$e&i,ie either %i" the @TARTP ,ile or %i" the #$e&i"l BL =?B reue#t (#ee #e&tion -A-39)/ @TATRF the e,"ult #+n&hronou# $oer ,reuen&+ in UHert*/ Thi# i# the $"r"'eter th"t &"n be &h"n.e b+ 'e"n# o, " BPR ROB reue#t (#ee


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#e&tion -A-27)/ ote th"t " @TARTP ,ile ,ro' orth A'eri&" ill nor'"ll+ &ont"in " %"lue o, 60 H* but th"t '"n+ in the orl ill "nt to &h"n.e thi# to 50 H*/ @TATR i# i'$ort"nt ,or br"n&h &"r# (=PT "n PT - #ee &h"$ter K) ,or #+n&hronou# '"&hine 'oellin. (&h"$ter K) but "l#o ,or @TAT@TA< #tuie# (e/./ ?;! "n ?;!A= - #e&tion K-:)/ LKRF "n ini&"tion ,or the RTRA !P<= $re&i#ion th"t i# u#e b+ BA:< @TAT@B/ , there i# ,ull $re&i#ion (.ener"ll+ 64 bit#) #et thi# %"lue to *ero/ @u&h i# the &"#e ,or :! KA= A$ollo @R10/C "n 'o#t other &o'$uter#/ :ut ,or reu&e $re&i#ion (the &"#e ,or A$ollo @R9/7 hi&h h"# onl+ #in.le$re&i#ion !P<=) the %"lue i# inter$rete "# " re"&h"ble toler"n&e/ =!A=!=F " $er unit %"lue th"t i# eC$e&te to li'it "ll %"ri"ble# th"t "re to be t"bul"te #t"ti#ti&"ll+ "t the &on&lu#ion o, " B@TAT@T@B or B@@T!ATB #i'ul"tion/ =!A=!= &"n "l#o be #et u#in. the @TAT@T@ ?ATA-reue#t (#ee #e&tion =K-A)/ The b"#e %"lue to hi&h the $er unit %"lue# o, the @TAT@T@ o, @@T!AT out$ut "re re,erre to &"n be #$e&i,ie u#in. " #$e&i"l reue#t &"r/ Thi# i# eC$l"ine in #e&tion =K-: ($"r"'eter B:A@B - &ol#/ 3-10/ or the ori.in"l &"#e o, %olt".e t"bul"tion# " %"lue o, 2/0 h"# been u#e #"ti#,"&toril+ ,or +e"r#/ A&tu"ll+ there i# "n "ition"l hien ,"&tor o, #",et+ eu"l to ,i%e/ :ut ,or &urrent $oer or ener.+ $er unit %"lue# '"+ be 'u&h le## $rei&t"ble #o eCtr" &"re 'i.ht be reuire/ n "n+ &"#e =!A=!= i# u#e onl+ to re#er%e #tor".e ,or the t"bul"tionM it oe# not otheri#e ",,e&t re#ult#/ ARF the $er unit &o'$"rt'ent #i*e or $er unit %olt".e in&re'ent u#e ,or #t"ti#ti&"l t"bul"tion# th"t &on&lue " B@TAT@T@B or B@@T!ATB #i'ul"tion (think o, it "# the re#olution o, " b"r &h"rt)/ AR &"n "l#o be #et u#in. the @TAT@T@ ?ATA -reue#t (#ee #e&tion =K-A)/ The b"#e %"lue to hi&h the $er unit %"lue# o, the @TAT@T@ o, @@T!AT out$ut "re re,erre to &"n be #$e&i,ie u#in. " #$e&i"l reue#t &"r/ Thi# i# eC$l"ine in #e&tion =K-: ($"r"'eter B:A@B - &ol#/ 3-12)/ "r 3/ reuen&+ b"t&h 'oe $lottin. "n @P $lottin. ,lo"tin. $oint nu'ber# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 ROR H<TT1 nu#e KH@ K@ KH TA=@< KA=@< <<1 <<2 60/ /12 8/0 1/0 10/ 5/0 4/0 1/0 1/0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P"r"'eter#F RORF the ol (l"#t-u#e) ,un"'ent"l ,reuen&+ o, the inter"&ti%e ourier #erie# &"l&ul"tion/ or u#".e #ee the BRRB #ub&o''"n o, the BP<TB &o''"n o, @P (&h"$ter =K)/ or'"ll+ thi# %"lue ill be ienti&"l to th"t o, @TATR (&"r nu'ber 2)/ H<TT1F the hei.ht o, %e&tor .r"$hi&# b"t&h-'oe letterin. ,or the t"ble o, &ur%e nu'ber# "n #+'bol# on the ri.ht e.e o, the $lot/ :e#ie e"&h &ur%e nu'ber "n #+'bol i# " #"'$le hori*ont"l line/ nu#eF or'erl+ H<TT2 the hei.ht o, %e&tor .r"$hi&# b"t&h-'oe $lot letterin. ,or the 16-&h"r"&ter #u$er title onl+/ t i# %"ri"ble H;TH?! on "r 6 th"t no &"rrie# thi# in,or'"tion/ KH@F the hei.ht o, the %erti&"l "Ci# ,or %e&tor .r"$hi&# (b"t&h 'oe $lottin.)/ K@F the hei.ht o, the loer en o, the %erti&"l "Ci# ,or %e&tor .r"$hi&# (b"t&h 'oe $lottin.)/


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KHF the hei.ht o, the $lot $"$er bein. u#e ,or %e&tor .r"$hi&# (b"t&h 'oe $lottin.)/ TA=@

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"r 4/ @P BP<TB ontrol# (lo"tin. Point) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 T
P"r"'eter#F T

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TARRF the ,"&tor &ontrollin. %erti&"l interline #$"&in. o, teCt in &"#e o, " %e&tor $lot &re"te u#in. the @P BP<TB ,e"ture/ The %erti&"l $iCel# o, one line "re i#$l"&e ,ro' tho#e o, the neCt line b+ TARR ti'e# the hei.ht o, the letter#/ Hen&e " %"lue o, unit+ $ro%ie# no eCtr" #$"&e (#in.le #$"&in.) here"# the %"lue 2/0 oul $ro%ie ouble #$"&in./ "r 5/ !ore @P BP<TB ontrol# "n !i#&ell"neou# (lo"tin. Point) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 =!K =!H KA=TT =KRT T!
=!KF the ,"&tor &ontrollin. %erti&"l $o#itionin. o, the nu'berin. on the hori*ont"l "Ci# o, " %e&tor $lot (@P $lottin.)/ Thi# 'ulti$lie# the letter hei.ht in $iCel# to $ro%ie "n o,,#et ,ro' the hori*ont"l "Ci#/ ?ue to $o##ible in%er#ion o, %erti&"l $iCel &ountin. the #i.n '"+ e$en on the &o'$uter #+#te' (#ee @P &"r nu'ber 4)/ :ut the '".nitue i# &le"rF l"r.er =!K 'e"n# ,urther %erti&"l #e$"r"tion ,ro' the hori*ont"l "Ci# "t " r"te o, one line ,or e%er+ &h"n.e in %"lue o, unit+/ =!HF the ,"&tor &ontrollin. hori*ont"l $o#itionin. o, the nu'berin. on the hori*ont"l "Ci# o, " %e&tor $lot (@P $lottin.)/ Thi# 'ulti$lie# the letter ith in $iCel# to $ro%ie "n o,,#et ,ro' the le,t e.e o, the hori*ont"l "Ci#/ :+ &h"n.in. thi# %"lue b+ unit+ the nu'berin. ill #hi,t either le,t (i, ne."ti%e) or ri.ht (i, $o#iti%e) one &h"r"&ter $o#ition/ KA=TTF the ,"&tor &ontrollin. hori*ont"l $o#itionin. o, the %erti&"l "Ci# l"bel o, " %e&tor $lot (@P $lottin.)/ Thi# 'ulti$lie# the letter ith in $iCel# to $ro%ie " hori*ont"l o,,#et ,ro' the %erti&"l "Ci#/ :+ &h"n.in. thi# %"lue b+ unit+ the nu'berin. ill #hi,t either le,t (i, ne."ti%e) or ri.ht (i, $o#iti%e) one &h"r"&ter $o#ition/ =KRTF the ,"&tor &ontrollin. the hori*ont"l $o#itionin. o, the %erti&"l "Ci# o, " %e&tor $lot (@P $lottin.)/ , *ero the %erti&"l "Ci# ill obt"in it# nor'"l hori*ont"l $o#itionin./ , non*ero the u#er i# ,or&in. hori*ont"l $l"&e'ent o, the %erti&"l "Ci#/ There i# " line"r %"ri"tion beteen the le,t e.e o, the hori*ont"l "Ci# "n the ri.ht e.e "# thi# &ontrol %"rie# ,ro' *ero to unit+/ The %"lue 0/5 ill $l"&e the %erti&"l "Ci# ri.ht in the 'ile o, the hori*ont"l #$"n/


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T!
T!PR PR 1/ 1/3 1/6 1/ 1/

8

1/

!e"nin. e.ree# b"#e on $oer ,reuen&+ &+&le# b"#e on $oer ,reuen&+ #e&on# 'illi#e&on# 'i&ro#e&on# Hert* (line"r #&"le) lo. to the b"#e o, 10 o, Hert* (#e'ilo."rith'i& #&"le) lo. to the b"#e o, 10 o, Hert* (ouble-lo."rith'i& #&"le)

T!TAF " e,"ult %"lue ,or the ti'e (in unit# o, #e&on#) be,ore hi&h "ll TA@ "rnin. 'e##".e# ill be #u$$re##e/ A %"lue o, *ero 'e"n# no #u&h #u$$re##ion ill o&&ur o, &our#e/ ne &"n &h"n.e the initi"l %"lue bein. e,ine here u#in. the BTA@ AR <!TB reue#t (#ee #e&tion -A-35)/ or " li'it on the nu'ber o, $rinte 'e##".e# #ee <!TA on &"r 15/ KR

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"r 6/ 1#t b"t&h 'oe %e&tor ;r"$h ontrol# (lo"tin. Point) (#ee &h"$ter =K ,or 'ore et"il#) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 =HA?! HA?! H;TH?! =A@T A@T H;T@T =<;? <;? H;T<; P=P 2/5 8/75 0/2 0/5 8/0 /12 0/5 1/75 /12 80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P"r"'eter#F =HA?!F the B=B &oorin"te here the 16-&h"r"&ter .r"$h he"in. l"bel o, %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot i# to be.in/ Thi# e,ine# the le,t e.e/

"

HA?!F the BB &oorin"te here the 16-&h"r"&ter .r"$h he"in. l"bel o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot i# to be.in/ Thi# e,ine# the botto' o, the #in.le-line he"in./ H;TH?!F the hei.ht o, letterin. to be u#e ,or the 16-&h"r"&ter .r"$h he"in. l"bel o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot/ =A@TF the B=B &oorin"te here the 78-&h"r"&ter &"#e title line o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot i# to be.in/ Thi# e,ine# the le,t e.e/ A@TF the BB &oorin"te here the 78-&h"r"&ter &"#e title line o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot i# to be.in/ Thi# e,ine# the botto' o, the #in.le-line he"in./ H;T@TF the hei.ht o, letterin. to be u#e ,or the 78-&h"r"&ter &"#e title line o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot/ =<;?F the B=B &oorin"te here the $lot le.en (6-&h"r"&ter u#er ienti,i&"tion "te ti'e $lot %"ri"ble#) o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot i# to be.in/ Thi# e,ine# the le,t e.e/ #u"ll+ the $lot le.en i# $l"&e "t the botto' o, the $lot to"r the le,t/ <;?F the BB &oorin"te here the $lot le.en o, " %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot i# to be.in/ Thi# e,ine# the botto' o, the ,ir#t o, #e%er"l line#/ H;T<;F the hei.ht o, letterin. to be u#e ,or the $lot le.en/ P=PF the nu'ber o, #&reen $iCel# $er unit len.th ,or b"t&h-'oe #&reen $lottin. (BA<!P P<TB #ent to the #&reen)/ Althou.h not eC"&t ,or 'o#t RT #&reen# the #"'e ,i.ure i# u#e ,or both hori*ont"l "n %erti&"l i'en#ion#/ Thi# %"lue i# o, no i'$ort"n&e ,or re"l $lotter out$ut/ "r 7/ 2n b"t&h 'oe %e&tor ;r"$h ontrol# toler"n&e#(lo"tin. Point) (#ee &h"$ter =K ,or 'ore et"il# on %e&tor .r"$h#)

"n

'i#&ell"neou#

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 =A

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A>38 ,or A$ollo) u#in. !P<=/ eCt i, i%i#ion b+ " &o'$leC nu'ber reuire# the #u"rin. o, it ("# #ee'# to be the &"#e ,or A$ollo) t"ke the #u"re root o, thi#F "bout 10>>19 ,or A$ollo/ in"ll+ PI=P i# the n"tur"l lo."rith' o, the re#ult/ P@

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A@F the #&"lin. ,"&tor ,or &orre&tion# o, the eton iter"tion o, &ou$le nonline"r ele'ent# i, there i# o#&ill"tion/ To i#"ble "ll #u&h #&"lin. '"ke thi# non-$o#iti%e/ "r 8/ 1#t !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 !AT T I<132 !T5 !A=L PR@P PR@P <P !HAR !A=HAR 1 9999999 132 5 50 0 0 6 0 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P"r"'eter#F !ATF the bin"r+ ,l". th"t &ontrol# "uto'"ti& br"n&h#it&h n"'in. (e,"ult n"'e# #u&h "# B<001B et&/ - #ee #e&tion -A-41 ,or the AT A! reue#t)/ Root n"'e# ,or "n+ #u&h n"'in. &o'e ,ro' the l"n.u".e teCt ,ile (u#u"ll+ re,erre to "# :<I?51/: - #ee &"r 18) #o the+ &oul be l"n.u".e-e$enent/ @ettin. !AT to unit+ 'e"n# th"t there ill be #u&h n"'e# "uto'"ti&"ll+/ "re,ul ith !AT J 1 hoe%er/ t &oul le" to " P<4 ,ile he"er hi&h i# too lon. (i/e/ too 'u&h noe n"'e#) ,or TPP<T or PP<T Y h"n.e !AT to *ero i, no #u&h e,"ult br"n&h#it&h n"'e# "re e#ire/ oteF 1/ h+ br"n&h n"'in. E t "%oi# $roble'# rel"te to the uniue re,eren&e to " $"rti&ul"r br"n&h in &"#e o, $"r"llel br"n&he# or #it&he#/ 2/ Ho to $er,or' br"n&h n"'in. E :r"n&h n"'in. &"n be one '"nu"ll+ (%i" the :RAH A! reue#t-#ee ?4) or inter"&ti%el+ (%i" @P)/ TF the l"r.e#t inte.er th"t &"n e%er be u#e b+ the $ro.r"' ,or ineCin./ or '"&hine# u#in. T;R>4 the "rti,i&i"ll+ reu&e li'it th"t i# one #hort o, 10>>7 i# u#e ,or &on%enien&e/ @in&e thi# %"lue i# #o'eti'e# "##i.ne intern"ll+ "# " ,l". "n &"n then be #ent to <T6 ($"rti&ul"rl+ "# $"rt o, ?A;@T $rintout) eC&e##i%e %"lue# th"t 'i.ht o%er,lo out$ut ,or'"t# #houl be "%oie/ I<132F the <T6 out$ut &olu'n ith/ Po$ul"r &hoi&e# "re 80 "n 132/ Althou.h the ti'e-#te$ loo$ out$ut &"n be "n+ ith '"n+ other #tru&ture# onl+ h"%e the#e to #t"n"r &hoi&e#/ Hen&e it i# re&o''ene th"t the u#er #ti&k# to the#e/ !T5F the  &h"nnel nu'ber ,or B!T@PB in$ut/ The %"lue B5B 'e"n# th"t @P i"lo.ue be.in# ith the ke+bo"r ,or in$ut ("t le"#t on A$ollo)/ Al#o re,er to &"r nu'ber 16 &ont"inin. other  &h"nnel nu'ber#/ !A=LF e,"ult %"lue ,or the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, eton iter"tion# th"t "re u#e to #ol%e &ou$le Ln ele'ent#/ Thi# '"+ be ree,ine b+ 'e"n# o, " BL =?B reue#t (&olu'n# 17-24) - #ee #e&tion -A-39/ PR@PF initi"l %"lue ,or i".no#ti& out$ut "##o&i"te ith @P/ t i# "%i#e to '"ke PR@P non*ero onl+ i, there i# trouble %er+ e"rl+ in eCe&ution be,ore the ,ir#t "t" &"r i# re" (in orer to "%oi too 'u&h out$ut)/ The PR@P ,l". i# '"inl+ " &ontrol ,or $ro.r"' e%elo$er# "n re$"irer# not ,or $rou&tion u#er#/ PR@PF initi"l %"lue ,or &on%ention"l (non-@P) i".no#ti& out$ut/ t i# "%i#e to '"ke PR@P non*ero onl+ i, there i# trouble %er+ e"rl+ in eCe&ution be,ore the ,ir#t "t" &"r i# re" (in orer to "%oi too 'u&h


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out$ut)/ The PR@P ,l". i# '"inl+ " &ontrol ,or $ro.r"' e%elo$er# "n re$"irer# not ,or $rou&tion u#er#/ Prou&tion u#er# "re "%i#e to u#e ?A;@T (#e&tion -A-12) D?:; (#e&tion -?-14) or #i'$l+ to #en in ell-illu#tr"te $roble' &"#e# to < or $ro.r"' e%elo$'ent/ <PF e,"ult #ettin. ,or the nu'ber o, line# $er in&h ,or <T6 &h"r"&ter (BPRTR P<TB) $lot#/ !HARF the be.innin. h"r'oni& o, " b"r &h"rt th"t i#$l"+# the re#ult# o, ourier "n"l+#i#/ Thi# i# ,or the BRRB #ub&o''"n o, the BP<TB &o''"n o, B@PB/ To i.nore nothin. " %"lue *ero (,or B&B) i# u#e/ The ke+e %"lue i# ju#t " #t"rtin. %"lue hi&h &"n be &h"n.e inter"&ti%el+ "t the ti'e o, u#".e/ !A=HARF the enin. h"r'oni& o, " b"r &h"rt th"t i#$l"+# the re#ult# o, ourier "n"l+#i#/ t&/ "# ,or !HAR/ "r 9/ 2n !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 R@2 !A= !R; <<! !PA; !?28 IP;R? IP(1) IP(2) IP(3) 10 10 2 100 0 1 0 1 1 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P"r"'eter#F R@2F the nu'ber o, ro# o, the ourier #erie# t"ble th"t ill be $rinte/ "&h h"r'oni& o&&u$ie# one ro/ t&/ "# ,or !HAR !A=F e,"ult li'it ,or rotor #$ee iter"tion# o, the T+$e-59 @/!/ Thi# e,"ult %"lue &"n be ree,ine b+ " l"##-2 @/!/ BT<RA@B reue#t (&h"$ter K)/ !R;F the '"r.in o, bl"nk #$"&e #e$"r"tin. %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot# in the &"#e o, $"$er (not #&reen) e#tin"tion (b"t&h 'oe $lottin.)/ <<!F the line li'it ,or b"t&h-'oe BPRTR P<TB .r"$h#/ n the "b#en&e o, #u&h $rote&tion u#er# h"%e been knon to "#te in&reible u"ntitie# o, $"$er ue to error# o, #&"lin./ !PA;F the bin"r+ ,l". th"t ini&"te# hether the u#er "nt# e"&h b"t&h-'oe &h"r"&ter $lot (BPRTR P<TB) to be.in on " ne $".e ,olloin. u#".e o, the B1H1B &"rri".e &ontrol/ A %"lue o, unit+ ill be.in e"&h #u&h $lot on " ne $".e here"# *ero ill b+$"## #u&h #$e&i"l tre"t'ent/ !?28F "n inte.er th"t &hoo#e# the #t"rtin. 'oe o, b"t&h-'oe $lottin./ &hoi&e# "reF 1) A<!P P<TM 2) PRTR P<TM 3) A<!P PRTR/ Al#o re,er to A< (&"r 15) "n !?@R (&"r 10)/

The

IP;R?F "n inte.er th"t &ontrol# r"in. o, the .ri both ,or b"t&h 'oe "# ell "# ,or @P %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lot#/ Thi# i# eui%"lent to the #t"rtin. %"lue ,or the ,ir#t $"r"'eter o, the BP HB reue#t o, b"t&h-'oe $lottin. (#ee &h"$ter =K)/ To #u$$re## the .ri (the e,"ult &hoi&e o, the !TP ,or 'ore th"n " e&"e) #et thi# %"lue to *ero/ To "&ti%"te the .ri #$e&i,+ " non-*ero %"lue (thi# ill &h"n.e line #t+le or &olor)/ The u#er o, " &olor 'onitor i# "%i#e to #ele&t hi# e,"ult &olor# &"re,ull+ #in&e onl+ " %er+ ,e "re e"#il+ %i#ible "n i#tin.ui#h"ble on " t+$i&"l 'onitor/ ?o not be ,oole b+ "%erti#in. th"t $ro&l"i'# B16 'illion &olor# to &hoo#e ,ro'B (non#en#e to the


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hu'"n e+e)/ ther rel"te $"r"'eter# "re F L;R1 (&"r 13) L;R2 (&"r 14) <<1 "n <<2 (both on &"r 3) T1 "n T2 (both on &"r 12)/ IP(1)F 1#t o, 4 $o##ible $en &hoi&e# (line #t+le or &olor) ,or b"t&h 'oe "n @P %e&tor .r"$hi&#/ The ,our nu'ber# "##o&i"te ith IP (three on thi# &"r one on &"r 10) "re tho#e $"r"'eter# nu'bere 2 throu.h 5 o, the BP HB reue#t o, b"t&h-'oe %e&tor .r"$hi&# $lottin. (#ee &h"$ter =K)/ IP(2)F 2n o, 4 $o##ible $en &hoi&e# (line #t+le or &olor) ,or b"t&h 'oe "n @P %e&tor .r"$hi&#/ Al#o #ee IP (1)/ IP(3)F 3r o, 4 $o##ible $en &hoi&e# (line #t+le or &olor) ,or b"t&h 'oe "n @P %e&tor .r"$hi&#/ Al#o #ee IP (1)/ "r 10/ 3r !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 //(4) I!<K @!TH !?@R I

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<!R?F the u$$er li'it on the nu'ber o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# th"t &"n be #tore in the &"&he o, <T10/ or 'o#t &o'$uter #+#te'# <T= (&"r 14) i# i,,erent ,ro' <T10 (&"r 16)/ n th"t &"#e <!R? ju#t i# the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# o, the in$ut "t" e&k th"t &"n be #tore in the <T10-&"&he/ Hen&e in$ut "t" i# re" into uno&&u$ie <T10 #tor".e "n the re'"iner throu.h $o#ition <!R? i# ne%er u#e unle## there i# "t" 'oul"ri*"tion (D<? u#".e o, @e&tion I) or "t" #ortin. b+ &l"## (@e&tion# -) in hi&h &"#e the bl"nk #$"&e i# u#e to in#ert or reorer the in$ut re&or#/ A ,e other ,e"ture# o, the $ro.r"' u#e the botto' o, <T10 #tor".e to "&&u'ul"te re&or# too but thi# buren i# .ener"ll+ ne.li.ible &o'$"re ith th"t o, the #ortin. o, in$ut "t"/ A# " .ener"l rule there 'u#t be "# 'u&h ,ree #$"&e "# "&tu"ll+ reuire to #tore u#er "t" &"r#/ @o ,or eC"'$le the ,i.ure <!R? J 4000 "llo# "bout 2000 ,ree #$"&e# ",ter #tor".e o, 2000 "t" &"r# (in&luin. "n+ eC$"n#ion ue to the u#e o, D<? o, &our#e)/ @o h+ not '"ke <!R? eu"l to in,init+ thereb+ "lloin. "rbitr"ril+ l"r.e "t" &"#e#E @o'e &o'$uter# 'i.ht h"%e " li'it on #u&h u#".e here"# other# '"+ eCe&ute #loer ith #u&h "#trono'i&"l ineCin./ !o#t &o'$uter# ill tie u$ th"t 'u&h 'ore i#k #$"&e it i# belie%e (ho '"n+ o$er"tin. #+#te'# oul be #'"rt enou.h not to #tore the unu#e ."$ in the 'ileE)/ t i# to be e'$h"#i*e th"t &"r i'".e# "re "&tu"ll+ #tore "t the botto' o, <T10 ith in%er#e ineCin. #o'eti'e# "n thi# botto' i# e,ine b+ <!R?/ or :! '"in,r"'e hoe%er <T= (&"r 14) "n <T10 (&"r 16) "re eu"l/ n th"t &"#e the l"n.u".e ,ont ,ile (#o &"lle ire&t "&&e## ,ile) i# not re"ll+ " ire&t "&&e## ,ile but r"ther " blo&k "t" #tru&ture/ There "re "bout 5600 line# o, 80 &h"r"&ter# in thi# #tru&ture hi&h i# "e in the <T10-&"&he urin. eCe&ution/ The re"#on ,or thi# "# the he"%+ $en"li#"tion o, i#k "&&e## "t I//

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"r 11/ 4th !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 <HA= =H H =  @!P

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"r 12/ 5th !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 I@!:< :AI I<=!

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HPF the nu'ber o, in&he# beteen ti& '"rk# "n &orre#$onin. nu'ber# o, the -"Ci# (@P $lottin.)/ A %"lue o, to i# &o''on 'e"nin. th"t e%er+ other in&h the ti& '"rk o, the -"Ci# ill be nu'bere/ The len.th o, the ti& '"rk i# &ontrolle b+
H@F the e,"ult or #t"rtin. %"lue ,or inte.er ti'e-unit# &oe o, @P BP<TB/ Thi# &"n be &h"n.e b+ the BT! T@B #ub&o''"n o, the BP<TB &o''"n (#ee &h"$ter =K)/ Al#o #ee rel"te $"r"'eter T!
T!PR PR 1/ 1/3

!e"nin. e.ree# b"#e on $oer ,reuen&+ &+&le# b"#e on $oer ,reuen&+ #e&on# 'illi#e&on#


5 6 7

1/6 1/ 1/

8

1/

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'i&ro#e&on# Hert* (line"r #&"le) lo. to the b"#e o, 10 o, Hert* (#e'ilo."rith'i& #&"le) lo. to the b"#e o, 10 o, Hert* (ouble-lo."rith'i& #&"le)

<!

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"r 14/ 7th !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 L;R2

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ITRP<4F " #+#te'-e$enent ,l". ini&"tin. here the u#er "nt# hi# B/P<4B $lot ,ile to be #"%e/ Ple"#e re&"ll th"t " P<4 ,ile &"n onl+ be &re"te i, inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter AT i# $o#iti%e (#ee #e&tion -:-2)/ Rel"te $"r"'eter# !TP<4 (&"r 20) "n <4:T (&"r 15) ill '"ke the i#tin&tion in ,ile ,or'"t ,or the P<4 ,ile/ Rel"te $"r"'eter <T4 (&"r 16) ill &ontrol the in$utout$ut &h"nnel/ Rel"te $"r"'eter !<@H (&"r 15) ill "llo P<4 ,ile &re"tion bein. &ontrolle b+ @P "n RA! bu,,er ,lu#hin. &ontrol/ ") or $er#on"l &o'$uter# #u&h "# the :! P "n @"l,or %er#ion ITRP<4 i# u#e to #ele&t beteen the h"r i#k "n one or 'ore ,lo$$+ i#k# "# the #tor".e e%i&e ,or #u&h P<4-,ile# (1 J i#k AM 2 J i#k :M 3 J i#k M et&)/ An "e 'inu# #i.n i# u#e "# " ,l". to n"'e the B/P<4B ,ile $"r"llel to the in$ut "t" ,ile/ or eC"'$le i, T@T/?AT i# the in$ut "t" ,ile T@T/P<4 oul be the "##o&i"te $lot ,ile/ Thi# i# un"'bi.uou# "# lon. "# there i# no #t"&kin. o, "t" &"#e# (2 or 'ore in the #"'e i#k ,ile)/ or #t"&kin. nono%erl"i &o'$uter# ill #it&h to u#in. the "te "n the ti'e ,or the #e&on or l"ter #ub&"#e here"# #tr"te.+ ,or o%erl"i &o'$uter# h"# +et to be #t"n"ri*e/ b) or A$ollo F E &) or KA= F E ) or :! '"in,r"'e F E e) or = F E RF " bin"r+ ,l". th"t ini&"te# hether orient"l l"n.u".e i# $o##ible "# $"rt o, the l"n.u".e teCt,ile (&"r 18)/ #e *ero i, orient"l l"n.u".e i# not $o##ible/ #e unit+ i, orient"l l"n.u".e i# $o##ible/ @houl unit+ be u#e ju#t re'e'ber th"t in#t"ll"tion-e$enent @:RT RT 'u#t "l#o be "%"il"ble (#ee @e&tion --1) "n "&ti%"te/ <!P

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"r 15/ 8th !i#&ell"neou# nte.er# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 I@ <@T <!TA A< !<@H <4:T I!PAR 1 0 25 0 1000 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P"r"'eter#F I@ i# the tern"r+ &"#e-#en#iti%it+ ,l"./ or no 'oi,i&"tion o, the &"#e o, in$ut letter# le"%e thi# *ero or bl"nk/ nit+ ill &on%ert loer &"#e to u$$er &"#e be,ore u#e/ in"ll+ -1 ill &on%ert u$$er &"#e to loer &"#e be,ore u#e/ et &"#e &h"n.e# o, "n+ ini%iu"l in$ut line &"n be $re%ente or inhibite b+ the "$$e"r"n&e o, "n eC&l"'"tion $oint (BYB) "n+here on the line/ Althou.h the "##o&i"te lo.i& i# uni%er#"l the ,e"ture $o##ibl+ &oul be in#t"ll"tione$enent ue to it# lo&"tion in in#t"ll"tion-e$enent @:RT A@/ @in&e the ,ir#t BYB o, "n+ line i# er"#e ",ter it i# re&o.ni*e the u#er 'u#t be &"re,ul th"t the re$l"&e'ent bl"nk i# re"ll+ h"t he "nt#/ or eC"'$le in the &"#e o, " ,ile n"'e (e/./ in re#$on#e to the o$enin. $ro'$t "t the be.innin. o, eCe&ution) $ut the BYB on the ri.ht here it &"n o no h"r' ('o#t o$er"tin. #+#te'# ill either reje&t "n i'bee bl"nk "# bein. ille."l or tr+ to &onne&t " ,ile h"%in. the ron. n"'e)/ urther note th"t @P "n !?<@ u#e their on i'bee lo.i& to e"l ith &"#e &on%er#ion/ <@T i# " bin"r+ ,l". th"t $o##ibl+ ill i#"ble "n+ D<@T reue#t (#ee #e&tion -?-8) o, !TP "t"/ nit+ ill i.nore "n+ D<@T reue#t#/

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The %"lue 1000 i# " #$e&i"l reue#t ini&"tin. " e#ire ,or the "uto'"ti& (ithout "n+ u#er inter%ention %i" the ke+bo"r) ,lu#hin. to i#k hen the RA! bu,,er be&o'e# ,ull/ ountin. #till o&&ur# #o the ,ir#t ,lu#hin. oul "$$e"r ith %i#u"l '"rkin. !<@H J 1001 the #e&on oul h"%e ineC 1002 et&/ The b"t&h-'oe u#er o, @P BP<TB (ith D@P) nee# %"lue -1000 in orer to &re"te " B/P<4B i#k ,ile o, $lot "t" $oint# ,or l"ter u#".e/ Al#o re,er to rel"te $"r"'eter# !TP<4 (&"r 20) <T4 (&"r 16) "n ITRP<4 (&"r 14)/ <4:T i# " bin"r+ ,l". th"t "llo# the u#er to &hoo#e the the B/P<4B ,ile/ t i# &on#ulte onl+ i, the B/P<4B ,ile R!ATT? ('e"nin. th"t !TP<4 o, "r 20 'u#t be bl"nk)/ ill u#e "n ori.in"l ol #euenti"l B/P<4B ,ile here"# neer -like B/P<4B ,ile/

R!ATT? t+$e o, i# in ,"&t to be or thi# &"#e *ero unit+ ill u#e the

I!PAR i# " tern"r+ ,l". th"t "llo# the u#er to &o'$"re ol "n ne <T6 #olution ,ile# 'ore e"#il+ on " line b+ line b"#i# u#in. "n o$er"tin. #+#te' utilit+ (e/./ D? o, niC or KA=K!@M ! on A$olloM et&/)/ There "re to #ort# o, $roble'#/ ir#t e"&h &o''ent &"r &ont"in# #eri"li*"tion o, the !TP &"r &"&he "n thi# .ener"ll+ ill &h"n.e "# the $ro.r"' e%ol%e#/ @e&on #o'e or "ll '"Ci'u' t"ble #i*e# ill &h"n.e ith ti'e/ - A *ero re#ult# in no #$e&i"l tre"t'ent hi&h t+$i&"ll+ re#ult# in '"n+ i,,eren&e# o, no i'$ort"n&e/ - A %"lue o, unit+ ill re#ult in no nu'eri&"l #eri"li*"tion o, &o''ent &"r#/ "#e #u''"r+ #t"ti#ti&# ill be "bbre%i"te "# thou.h the u#er h" reue#te 80-&olu'n out$ut u#in. I<132 J 80/ - , I!PAR i# #et to to then "ll &o''ent &"r# ill be i#&"re urin. "t" in$utM the+ ill not "$$e"r in the <T6 out$ut/ "r 16/  nit u'ber# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 <T1 <T2 <T3 <T4 <T5 <T6 <T7 <T8 <T9 <T10 1 2 3 -4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------The 10 "%"il"ble ,iel# re" u#in. 108 ,or'"t "re u#e to "##i.n nu'eri&"l %"lue# to the %"ri"ble  &h"nnel# <T1 <T2 ///  <T9 "n <T10/ The#e  &h"nnel e,inition# "re hi.hl+ #+#te' e$enent #o better o not &h"r.e the %"lue# $ro%ie b+ $ro.r"' '"inten"n&e or in the lo"in. in#tru&tion#/ <T1F <T2F <T3F too/ <T4

E T"ble u'$in.re#torin. (@TART A;A-,e"ture M #ee #e&tion -A-33/ n #o'e &o'$uter #+#te'# <?AT (&"r 14) "n <T3 'u#t be eu"l

P<4-,ile #tor".e/ n #o'e &o'$uter# " ne."ti%e %"lue (e/./ F -4) i# u#e to ini&"te #tor".e to 'e'or+ r"ther th"n in " i#k ,ile/ The "b#olute %"lue o, <T4 then i# u#e "# unit "llo&"tion nu'ber (#in&e #u&h nu'ber "l"+# 'u#t be $o#iti%e)/ n other &o'$uter #+#te'# #tor".e other th"n in " i#k ,ile i# not $o##ible/ Then o, &our#e onl+ $o#iti%e %"lue# "re "&&e$te/ t #houl be note th"t the #$e&i"l reue#t or B?@I P<T ?ATAB (#ee #e&tion -A-44) &"n be u#e to to..le <T4 ,ro' ne."ti%e to $o#iti%e %"lue# #o th"t " #ub#euent DP ,or T J 4 &"n be u#e to &onne&t " i#k ,ile (e/./ &re"tion o, n"'e P<4-,ile)/ <T5F The ke+bo"r o, "n inter"&ti%e #+#te' &onne&t# to <T5/ K"lue 5 u#u"ll+ i# .oo/ <T6F The 'onitor or #&reen &onne&t# to <T6/ Thi# i# ,or nor'"l out$ut @P &o''"n# @P .r"$hi&# "n b"t&h 'oe #&reen .r"$hi&#/ :ut <T6 &"n "l#o be roote to " i#k ,ile ire&tl+ (B?@IB-reue#t "t the be.innin. o, eCe&ution


H01e

30

- #ee #e&tion -)/ K"lue 6 u#u"ll+ i# .oo/ To " $rou&tion $rintout to the i".no#ti&# (,ile ?:;/<@) u#e <T6 J 46/ <T7F , &"r i'".e# o, #u$$ortin. $ro.r"'# "re not li#te on " #&roll"ble ino &onne&te to <T6 ("# it i# the &"#e ,or A$ollo) then the #e$"r"te  &h"nnel <T7 i# re#er%e ,or thi# ,un&tion (unle## DPH i# ,olloe b+ " %"li ,ile n"'e in hi&h &"#e $un&he out$ut i# #i'$l+ route to the #$e&i,ie ,ile)/ K"lue 7 u#u"ll+ i# .oo/ n #o'e = '"&hine# %"lue 17 #houl be u#e/ <T8F in"ll+ <T8 i# re#er%e ,or b"t&h-'oe "lo'$ $lottin. #houl #u&h "n  &h"nnel be reuire/ K"lue 28 i# " .oo %"lue in thi# &"#e/ Hoe%er <T8 &"n "l#o be u#e ,or @!< out$ut (#ee &h"$ter ==)/ Then %"lue 8 i# .oo/ The ,ile "n re&or ,or'"t "re i,,erent ,or both "$$li&"tion# #o eCtre'e &"re #houl be $"i to the <-&o''"n# on :! '"in,r"'e/ on#ult the lo"in. in#tru&tion# Y <T9F EE <T10F Thi# i# the unit nu'ber to hi&h in$ut "t" i# &o$ie (<T10 i# u#e "# ire&t "&&e## &"&he)/ <T10 'u#t be &oorin"te ith <T= (&"r 14)/ K"lue 10 u#u"ll+ i# .oo/ "r 17/  @PP<T ino @ettin.# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 I@(1) I@(2) I@(3) I@(4) IP(1) IP(2) IP(3) IP(4) I
1  1 

to$ le,t ith hei.ht --- @P ino $iCel# 1  502 500 S @i*e @P ino 1 513 502 500 S @i*e P<T ino 1

or tho#e "ntin. " ,ull-ith (r"ther th"n h"l,-ith) $lot "bo%e to be o%erl"i b+ " %er+ #hort (26V) @P &o''"n ino in the 'ile on the ri.ht (@TARTP2)F 330 1 

423 1 

600 1023

210 550

S @i*e @P ino 2 S @i*e P<T ino 2

Altern"ti%el+ kee$in. thi# ,ull-ith $lot ino on to$ but oublin. the hei.ht o, the @P &o''"n ino (no 53V) #o th"t it &o%er# the ri.ht #ie o, the <T6 out$ut "&ro## the botto' (@TARTP3)F 330 1 

423 1 

600 1023

430 550



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31

in"ll+ ,or tho#e "ntin. to u#e the !TP "# "n inter"&ti%e $lottin. $ro.r"' in $l"&e o, BTPP<TB it i# &on%enient to &o%er the entire #&reen ith the $lot ino "n to l"+ the @P ino o%er it in unu#e #$"&e o, the loer ri.ht &orner/ Thi# &"n be "&&o'$li#he b+ the i'en#ion# o, @TARTP4F 650 1

501 1

502 1023

149 799


ote th"t @TARTP2 re#ult# in " $lot ino th"t i# 50 $iCel# hi.her th"n @TARTPZR;
n @"l,or F

I@(1)

ontrol# &o$+in. the @P ino to i#k ,ile I@/ @et to *ero ,or thi# #er%i&e onl+ u$on ,illin. "n &lo#ure (@)/ @et to -1 to $re%ent "ll #u&h u#e/ @et to N1 ,or &ontinuou# b"&ku$ "#  i# .ener"te/ @ee IP(3) ,or reu#e or e#tru&tion o, ol I@/ I@(2)
,or

@P

I@(3) olor o, the ino ,r"'e (title line "t to$ "n borer "t botto') ,or @P i"lo.ue/ I@(4) olor o, the title line ,or the #i'ul"tion (<T6) ino i, "n+/ #e i# ju#t ,or the title line "t the to$ o, the #&reen/ IP(1)

olor o, &ontent# o, the @P ino/

IP(2) olor o, the #i'ul"tion (<T6) ino &ontent#/ A non-$o#iti%e inte.er i# t"ken "# " reue#t ,or &+&li& u#e o, the ,ir#t 15 &olor# in orer/ IP(3) :in"r+ ,l". &ontrollin. hether @P ino &ontent# "re &"n&"ten"te to the en o, ol i#k ,ile I@/ Thi# "##u'e# the u#er h"# reue#te b"&ku$ b+ I@(1)/ Lero 'e"n# no &on&"ten"tion (i/e/ ne b"&ku$ ill o%errite "n+ ol ,ile &ontent#)/ nit+ ill $re#er%e the ol &ontent# "in. ne one# "t the en (botto') o, ol one#/ IP(4)
$re&ein.

IP(3)

onl+

,or

<T6

(I)

r"ther

th"n

,or

@P


H01e

32

I

H01e

33

"r 18/ K"ri"ble-
A6

A
n"'e#

1#t o, 2 &"r#

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 @@< H
"re ,or A
@@<F Thi# $"r"'eter re,er# to " 6-&h"r"&ter teCt #trin. th"t #houl be $o#itione on &ol# 21-26 o, " #$e&i"l R-<- br"n&h th"t onl+ i# $re#ent urin. the $h"#or or #te"+ #t"te #olution/ Thi# #$e&i"l R-<- br"n&h &"n be u#e to t"ke the e,,e&t o, " non line"r R(i) or R(t) into "&&ount urin. #te"+ #t"te too/ Ple"#e re,er to &h"$ter K (eCtenin. non line"r R(i) or R(t) to the $h"#or #olution) or to the #e&on #ub&"#e o, ?42 ,or 'ore et"il#/ H

H01e

34

T=A!F Root n"'e ,or 1#t 3 b+te# o, intern"ll+-e,ine noe n"'e# o, D<? "t" 'oul"ri*"tion (#e&tion ==-)/ u'eri&"l #eri"li*"tion ill be en&oe in lo&"tion# 4-6/ T=A! &"n be re#et urin. eCe&ution u#in. the D?!! &o''"n (#ee #e&tion ==-)/ HK:ARF h"r"&ter th"t i# to be u#e to re$re#ent the %erti&"l b"r beteen in$ut &"r "n inter$ret"tion o, in$ut (<T6 #&reen out$ut)/ or tho#e &o'$uter# ("ll 'oern one#) h"%in. #u&h " #$e&i"l #+'bol u#e it/ or other# u#e either B1B or BYB/ :RAHF TeCt ,or the reue#t to n"'e " br"n&h/ be BA! B/

n n.li#h thi# &o''onl+ ill

T=PF TeCt ,or the reue#t to &o$+ " $re&ein. br"n&h b+ n"'e/ thi# &o''onl+ ill be BP B/

n n.li#h

@R?F ?e,"ult 6-&h"r"&ter n"'e ,or b"t&h-'oe %e&tor $lot ienti,i&"tion/ Ke&tor .r"$hi& $lot# ill #ho thi# '"rk o, oner#hi$ in the le.en/ :ut the u#eri &"n "l#o be #et %i" " #$e&i"l reue#t (#ee -A-50)/ TRA@HF TeCt re$re#entin. " ."rb".e n"'e (no'in"ll+ B//////B) intern"ll+-e,ine noe# (#ee #e&tion K--6F t+$e-16 #our&e)/ TRRAF TeCt BTRRA B/

to

&h"r"&teri*e

lo&"l

e"rth/

n

n.li#h

thi#

,or

&ert"in

no'in"ll+

i#

HR!F The &olle&tion o, 5 i,,erent #$e&i"l #+'bol# &on&"ten"te into " #in.le 6-&h"r"&ter or/ The #iC b+te# o, the or "re o&&u$ie "# ,ollo#F :+te# 1 G 2 #tore the 2-b+te ini&"tion ,or &o''ent &"r# o, !TP "t" (e/./ B B)M :+te# 3 G 4 #tore the o$enin. "n &lo#in. #+'bol# o, in-line &o''ent# (e/./ BSB)M :+te# 5 G 6 #tore the &ontinu"tion &h"r"&ter "n the #e$"r"tor &h"r"&ter o, ,ree-,or'"t in$ut (e/./ BDB)/ "r 20/

A6

A
n"'e#

2n o, 2 &"r#

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 ?ATTP <@TP PHTP P<4TP 

eCe&ution in re#$on#e to the $ro'$t ,or &onne&te to <T6 (#ee #e&tion -)/

"

H01e

35

i#k ,ile n"'e th"t i# to be

PHTPF The e,"ult ,ile t+$e ,or $un&he &"r out$ut in&luin. " #e$"r"tor &h"r"&ter "t the #t"rt/ Thi# i# u#e onl+ ,or &o'$uter# not h"%in. #&roll"ble ino# ,or hi&h DPH reue#t# (#ee #e&tion -?-16) "re to be #ent to " #e$"r"te i#k ,ile or <T7/ K"ri"ble PHTP i# u#e to &o'$lete the n"'e o, th"t ,ile/ The $un&h ,ile n"'e e$en# on the &o'$uter bein. u#e ith either " ,iCe n"'e or " n"'e e$enin. on the "te "n ti'e bein. &o''on &hoi&e#/ P<4TPF The e,"ult ,ile t+$e ,or <T4 $lot "t" #tor".e in&luin. " #e$"r"tor &h"r"&ter "t the #t"rt/ The %"ri"ble P<4TP i# u#e to &o'$lete the n"'e o, the i#k ,ile ,or &"#e# here thi# i# eter'ine "uto'"ti&"ll+ b+ the $ro.r"' u#u"ll+ b"#e on the "te "n ti'e/ Thi# #$e&i,i&"tion i# i.nore i, the u#er '"nu"ll+ #$e&i,ie# hi# on ,ile n"'e u#in. DP (#ee the eC"'$le o, '"nu"l o$enin. in :H!ARI ?-3)/ olloin. ,iel# "re o, .ener"l u#".e "."inF 

H01e

8F 12F 14F 15F 16F 20F

!AT :AI ITRP<4 !<@H <4:T <T4 P<4TP !TP<4

ut$ut ,or'"t &ontrol (<T6-out$ut)F "r 8F T I<132 <P "r 9F <<! !PA; "r 10F I!<K I
<!R? <?AT IA@? I@ <T10 HR!

?i".no#ti& 'e##".e# "rnin.# (on <T6)F "r 5F T!TA "r 8F PR@P PR@P "r 9F <!P< "r 15F <!TA oe "n br"n&h n"'in. (on <T6)F "r 8F !AT "r 10F I
o'$leC $re&i#ion (&"ble &on#t"nt#)F "r 2F LKR "r 7F PI=P eton L iter"tionF "r 1F P@L PAR P@TP "r 2F L<!(1) L<!(2) "r 7F A@ "r 8F !A=L @! t+$e 59 toler"n&e#F

36


"r "r "r

H01e

1F P@:A P?;< P!; 2F @TATR 9F !A=

i.en%"lue toler"n&eF "r 7F P@
$lottin.F 1F @LP
@P $lottin.F "r 3F "r 4F "r 5F "r 9F "r 10F "r 11F "r 12F "r 13F "r 14F

TA=@< KA=@< <<1 <<2 "ll $"r"'eter# =!!K =!H KA=TT =KRT T!
@P inoF "r 13F =!A= !A= "r 17F "ll $"r"'eter# "r 18F ? @P ourier "r "r "r

"n"l+#i#F 3F ROR 8F !HAR !A=HAR 9F R@2

@P &o''"n in$utF "r 8F !T5 "r 10F !A=<; "r 12F :AI "r 18F @P QI ,ile n"'e @P &o''"n out$utF "r 8F PR@P "r 12F I<=!
37


H01e

38

nlike @TARTP o, the $re&ein. to #e&tion# the @TART@P i#k ,ile th"t initi"li*e# inter"&ti%e eCe&ution ob#er%"tion "n &ontrol (@P) h"# no $"rti&ul"r orer or &ontent/ Thi# i# be&"u#e no ,iCe RA? #t"te'ent i# u#e/ n#te" it i# the B?P@TB &o''"n o, @P th"t $er,or'# the initi"li*"tion "n the @TART@P i#k ,ile i# nothin. 'ore th"n " &o''"n ,ile to "&&o'$li#h thi# "uto'"ti&"ll+ "t the ti'e the ,ir#t @P in$ut i# bein. h"nle/ An+ %"ri"ble# &"rrie in !! &"n #o be initi"li*e/ :ut ,or no ,or A$ollo nothin. 'ore th"n i# "lre"+ one b+ @TARTP i# neee #o there "re no "&ti%e line# o, @TART@P/ Th"t i# eCe&ution h"# no e,,e&tF   KR ?P@T ? KR 

:e.in @TARTP i#k ,ile th"t initi"li*e# %"ri"ble# "uto'"ti&"ll+ hen @P i# ,ir#t S @P &o''"n th"t turn# the e&hoin. o, S Thi# @P &o''"n i# u#e intern"ll+ to S Cit B?P@TB loo$ S @P &o''"n th"t turn# Th"t# "ll there i#M  &o'e#

/// /// /// /// /// /// ///

et&/ et&/ et&/ et&/ et&/ et&/ et&/

et the u#er o, @P ill #ee #u&h eCe&ution in the @P ino #o he #houl be ""re o, h"t i# h"$$enin./ @u&h "uto'"ti& intern"l eCe&ution "t the ti'e @P i# reue#te "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

QXXX :e.in @TARTP i#k ,ile th"t initi"li*e# /// et&/ QXXX %"ri"ble# "uto'"ti&"ll+ hen @P i# ,ir#t /// et&/ QXXXKR --- To..le to BB (@u$$re## BQB eCe&ution) --- To..le to BB (@u$$re## BQB eCe&ution) QXXX Th"t# "ll there i#M  &o'e# /// et&/ @PF

Rulebook ATP (junio 1996 - internet) H01,

I-!.

"an#

Di$$erent

Computers

%upport

AT&

o'$"tibilit+ ith the ,ull (not reu&e) A@ RTRA 77 #t"n"r i# reuire ,or #u$$ort o, ATP/ There 'u#t be "n ?= ,un&tion ,or HARATR %"ri"ble# "n HARATR %"ri"ble# 'u#t not be li'ite to ,eer th"n 255 b+te# in len.th/ ?+n"'i& P<@ &"$"bilit+ i# not '"n"tor+ but it &ert"inl+ i# ni&e/ ithout it "t" 'oul"ri*"tion (@e&tion -I) i# not "uto'"ti&/ Kirtu"l &o'$uter "r&hite&ture "n it# rel"tion to u"lit+ #u$$ort o, the !TP e#er%e " ,e or# o, eC$l"n"tion/ The i##ue i# not one o, &o'$uter #i*e #in&e !@-?@ P# o,,er %irtu"l 'e'or+ ,or 386 or neer $ro&e##or#/ R"ther the i##ue &on&ern# #"ti#,"&tion o, #o'e %er+ #$e&i"l nee# o, the !TP/ !o#t i'$ort"nt i# the i'en#ionin. $roble'/ ith 27 ine$enent i'en#ionin. &ontrol# the #i*in. o, !TP t"ble# $o#e# " #eriou# $otenti"l $roble' ,or the non-%irtu"l &o'$uter #ho$ th"t 'u#t #ol%e " %"riet+ o, tr"n#ient $roble'#/ ?urin. the 'i-80# thi# $"r".r"$h &ontinue ith " lon. eC$l"n"tion o, h+ %irtu"l 'e'or+ i# e#ir"ble/ o in 1995 it i# #u,,i&ient 'erel+ to note th"t l"&k o, %irtu"l 'e'or+ '"n".e'ent #houl be .roun# ,or the i''ei"te i#u"li,i&"tion o, "n+ &o'$iler or o$er"tin. #+#te'/ A .ener"l re&o''en"tion "bout &o'$uter #+#te'# ,or #u$$ort o, the !TP &"n be '"e/ , the u#er h"# " &hoi&e .ener"ll+ the #+#te' th"t i# the 'o#t inter"&ti%e "n the 'o#t ne"rl+ uner u#er &ontrol i# to be $re,erre/ "re,ull+ #ele&te 'ini&o'$uter# h"%e $ro%en to be ie"l ,or #u$$ort o, the !TP/ nee :PA it#el, ."%e u$ the u#e o, it# ? '"in,r"'e# "n #it&he to " tr"n#ient#-ei&"te ? KA=-11780 in ebru"r+ 1979/ !inne#ot" Poer e"rlier h" $ioneere the "+ ith PR! 'ini&o'$uter#/ :ut e%en better th"n 'ini&o'$uter# ,or 'o#t u#er# ere #&ienti,i& ork#t"tion# o, hi&h A$ollo "# b+ ,"r the 'o#t iel+ u#e ,or the !TP b+ the 'i-80#/ :oth :PA "n < u#e A$ollo to e%elo$ ATP/ :+ the e"rl+ 90# #o'e 25 or 30 i#tin&t &o'$uter# h" been $ro%en to be ATP-&o'$"tible/ nl+ the oler '"&hine# li'ite b+ 16-bit "re##in. h"%e been ,oun to be in&o'$"tible "n #houl not be &on#iere/ nter"&ti%it+ beteen the u#er "n the $ro.r"' i# %er+ i'$ort"nt #o &hoo#e "'on. "%"il"ble &o'$uter# &"re,ull+/ , in oubt "bout ATP &o'$"tibilit+ ith #o'e #+#te' &o'$uter-#e"r&h i#k-#tore ne#letter ,ile#/ , th"t ,"il# &he&k ith the "nA' u#er .rou$ in Portl"n/ Aroun 1990 there "# " ,olloin. #ub#e&tion ,or e"&h &o'$uter th"t h" $ro%en to be ATP-&o'$"tible/ :ut then in 1989 the @"l,or &o'$iler "n ?@ eCtener ere $ro%en to be &o'$"tible ith !@-?@ 386-b"#e P# "n 'o#t "ltern"ti%e# h"%e been "b"none/ or the hi#tori& re&or the ori.in"l li#t "# "# ,ollo#F 1) A$ollo 2) !@-?@ (:! P) 3) ATGT niC P 4) ? KA=K!@ 5) !"in,r"'e :! 6) PR! 7) HP 9000 8) Kirtu"l ? 9) @un !i&ro#+#te'# 10) ?"t" ;ener"l 11) h"rle# Ri%er 12) A$$le !"&into#h 13) ni%"& 14) r"+ 15) +ro'e/ 16) lo"tin. Point @+#te'# 17) ntel 80286 18) ntel 80386 niC 19) ? niCM 20) :! RT P 21) @ie'en# "n 22) ntel 80386 @"l,or/ A# thi# #e&tion i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 'o#t o, thi# '"teri"l i# bein. re'o%e "lthou.h #e&tion he"in.# "n #u''"r+ eC$l"n"tion# re'"in/ ?et"il# o, oler #+#te'# &"n be ,oun b+ &on#ultin. either oler $"$er &o$ie# or the in#t"ll"tion-e$enent Bre" 'eB ,ile# th"t #houl "&&o'$"n+ the i,,erent %er#ion#/ in"ll+ #o'e neer #+#te'# &oul be "e but ti'e i# #hort/ @o onl+ the 'o#t i'$ort"nt ill be o&u'enteF 23) "t&o' ATP ,or @2 ?@ "n ino# T/

I-!-'.

Apollo

AT&

as

used

#

N&A

An A$ollo !TP %er#ion on&e "# "%"il"ble ,ro' either the "nA' u#er .rou$ in Portl"n or the
1


it#el, (ino# netorkin.) "# %er+ .oo/ :ut #in&e 1990 e%elo$'ent in Portl"n h"# &on&entr"te on @"l,or !TP ,or !@-?@ &o'$uter#/ A$ollo h"# not been u#e in Portl"n ,or e%elo$'ent #in&e the #u''er o, 1990 "n < "# re"+ to &oll"$#e 3 +e"r# l"ter/ in"ll+ the &o'$"n+ (A$ollo o'$uter) "# #ol to Helett-P"&k"r (H-P) "n h"# .r"u"ll+ been ,or&e to "&&o''o"te H-P e#ire# "n #t"n"r# (e/./ niC)/ To #u''"ri*e in re&ent +e"r# A$ollo u#".e h"# e&line r"#ti&"ll+/ e ork Poer Authorit+ (PA) in hite Pl"in# took o%er the i#tribution o, ATP '"teri"l# ,or A$ollo Ae.i# ",ter the #er%i&e "# ro$$e in Portl"n/ PA eC$ert# o " .oo job "n h"%e " ni&e $"&k".e/ :ut #u&h A$ollo u#".e "n #er%i&e i# not eC$e&te to l"#t 'u&h lon.er "# thi# $"r".r"$h i# bein. ritten in A$ril o, 1995/ :!# @2 ,or ntel P# h"# been ,oun to be " orth+ re$l"&e'ent ,or PA u#e b+ Robert !ereith "n Robert @&hult*/ ?et"il# o, thi# bre"kthrou.h u#in. @2 "r$ &"n be ,oun in ne#letter# be.innin. ith the "nu"r+ 1995 i##ue/ or et"il# o, h"t i# #till "%"il"ble &on#ult the Bre" 'eB ,ile o, A$ollo ATP i#tribution/ @o'e 30 $".e# o, et"il# $e&uli"r to the A$ollo ATP %er#ion eCi#te in oler Rule :ook# "n #houl #till be i#tribute ith the &o'$uter &oe it#el,/

I-!-*.

I+"

&C

,T

( Intel  )

sa/e

othin. 'ore .l"'orou# or inno%"ti%e th"n "n ol :! P =T or " P =T-&o'$"tible &o'$uter runnin. !@-?@ i# reuire to #u$$ort re"l !TP U45 48/ Althou.h #lo ue to o%erl"+in. "n "lthou.h !TP
I-!-0.

AT1T

ni2 &C

30

No

4on/er

sed

ATGT i# the "bbre%i"tion ,or A'eri&"n Tele$hone "n Tele.r"$h o'$"n+ on&e the orl# l"r.e#t &or$or"tion (be,ore in%olunt"r+ #e.'ent"tion th"t "# orere b+ the /@/ jui&i"r+)/ Althou.h not " .re"t #u&&e## in the $er#on"l &o'$uter '"rket $l"&e "roun 1985 niC P 7300 "# "n eC&ellent $rou&t ,or #&ienti,i& u#e/ t "# built "roun " 10-!H* !otorol" 68010 'i&ro$ro&e##or/ R"ther th"n bein. "ll ne niC P 7300 te&hnolo.+ "n #+#te' #o,t"re ere $er,e&te e"rlier b+ on%er.ent Te&hnolo.ie# ,or the 'ini&o'$uter '"rket/ t i# uner#too th"t ATGT 'erel+ #ele&te " 'ini'"l &on,i.ur"tion o, the $ro%en on%er.ent '"&hine "n re$"&k".e it in " 'u&h 'ore ",,or"ble ,or'/ The #e$"r"te inter"&ti%e $lottin. $ro.r"' TPP<T "# u#e ith niC P ",ter " #i'ul"tion h" ene/ A TektroniC P<T10 inter,"&e "# "##u'e/ niC P "# l"#t u#e b+ the ,"ther o, the /!/ Hi"n I/ <"u Pro,e##or o, le&tri&"l G o'$uter n.ineerin. "t re.on @t"te ni%er#it+ in or%"lli# (@A)/ :ut Pro,/ <"u 'o%e to other intere#t# (the '"nu,"&ture o, $oer ele&troni&#) "n tho#e in or%"lli# ho &ontinue to u#e ATP 'o%e to other

2

3


&o'$uter# (e/./ @"l,or !TP ,or !@-?@ P#)/ A# thi# #e&tion i# o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 no one #till i# knon to be u#in. niC P to #u$$ort ATP/

I-!-5.

DEC

6"%

AT&

sed

#

+&A

A b"t&h-'oe %er#ion o, !TP th"t relie# on the ,"&tor+-#u$$lie o$er"tin. #+#te' KA=K!@ or $en K!@ ill be e#&ribe in thi# #e&tion/ ot &on#iere i# KA= niC (ltriC) hi&h i# " i#tin&t $ro.r"' %er#ion th"t ,ir#t "# e#t"bli#he "n te#te "t the ni%er#it+ o, llinoi# in rb"n" llinoi#/ or " #u''"r+ re" the 2-$".e "rti&le b+ !e##r#/
The #"'e &oe h"r"re i# "n the#e &"n

:PA# R"n+ @uhrbier h"# " #u$erb inter"&ti%e $lottin. $ro.r"' to "&&o'$"n+ ? K!@ ATP/ Thi# i# the "+ .r"$hi&# (both #&reen "n $"$er) "re h"nle b+ K!@ u#er# "t :PA/ or et"il# &on#ult the Bre" 'eB ,ile o, the ? K!@ ATP i#tribution hi&h &ont"in# ,urther et"il# th"t on&e ere $rinte on $"$er in the Rule :ook/

I-!-7.

"ain$rame

I+"

AT&

#

4EC

The &entr"l &o'$uter o, I//
I-!-8.

&RI"E

AT&

$or

&TI

&%%9E

sers

?urin. the l"te 70# "n e"rl+ to 'i-80# PR! "# "n i'$ort"nt &o'$uter ,or the #u$$ort o, !TP/ PR! "# the ,ir#t re"ll+ #u&&e##,ul $l"t,or' u#e b+ Poer Te&hnolo.ie# ,or it# lo" ,lo "n tr"n#ient #t"bilit+ $"&k".e n"'e P@@ th"t be&"'e the #t"n"r o, the inu#tr+/ A# " re#ult '"n+ $l"nnin. e$"rt'ent# h" PR! 'ini&o'$uter# "n "nte !TP to run on the #"'e &o'$uter/ :e,ore ? KA=-11780 !TP r"n on PR! 'ini&o'$uter# --th"nk# to the eC&ellent &oll"bor"tion o, Tho'"# K"rilek then ith !inne#ot" Poer in ?uluth (@A)/ Thi# #$"nne the +e"r# 1976 throu.h 1984 (the initi"l ATP ork)/ At th"t $oint "nother .re"t ATP orker took the le"F Robert eell o, :"#in le&tri& Poer oo$er"ti%e o, :i#'"r&k orth ?"kot" (@A) hi&h h" #it&he ,ro' Hone+ell to PR!/ :ut b+ the l"te 80# PR! o'$uter "# #inkin./ A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 the &o'$"n+ eCi#t# no lon.er/ ?oe# the $rou&t eCi#tE Prob"bl+ not/ The $roble' "# hen PR! be."n it h" " te&hni&"l e.e/ PR! "# the ,ir#t to o,,er %irtu"l 'e'or+ "t "n ",,or"ble $ri&e/ :ut


#oon other# (e/./ ? KA=-11780) &lo#e the ."$ #ol $rou&t# &he"$er h" neer #+#te'# (e/./ ith no tr"&e# o, 16-bit ineCin.) et&/ Then A$ollo @un "n other ork#t"tion# "$$e"re "n be."n "tt"&kin. the 'ini&o'$uter '"rket ,ro' belo/ PR! ne%er ""$te "n i not #ur%i%e/ :ut PR! h"# it# $l"&e in !TP hi#tor+/ ne et"il th"t '"n+ re"er# '"+ not be ""re o,F PR!# e&line #ee'e to $ro'$t @"l,or #u&&e## u#in. !@-?@/ e# @"l,or @o,t"re rote the RTRA &o'$iler re&o''ene b+ PT ,or PR! &o'$uter#/ A# PT 'o%e to "ltern"ti%e# #o i @"l,or/ :+ 1989 @"l,or "# orkin. h"r to &o'$lete the 'o%e'ent o, it# &o'$iler to the ntel 386 (in&luin. %irtu"l 'e'or+)/ The re#t i# hi#tor+ (PR! &oul not &o'$ete ith 386-b"#e P#)/

I-!-3.

:e;lett-&ac
:&-=

"inicomputers

?r/ lo% in"r##on "n "##o&i"te# o, A@A Re#e"r&h in @een u#e HP 9000 'ini&o'$uter# ,or the #u$$ort o, ATP urin. the l"te 80#/ A little like PR! ATP o, the $re&ein. #e&tion thi# no (A$ril 1995) i# hi#tor+/ The u#".e i# belie%e to h"%e ene/ nlike PR! o'$uter H-P re'"in# " %er+ #u&&e##,ul &o'$"n+/ :ut '"n+ thin.# h"%e &h"n.e/ A@A joine :ron :o%eri to &re"te A:: "n ?r/ lo% in"r##on ho '"n".e the ATP ork in K"#ter"# @een "# 'o%e to other ork/ Then there "# the .roth o, ork#t"tion "n P '"rket# hi&h eroe the 'ore eC$en#i%e 'ini&o'$uter '"rket/ H-P &o'$uter# '"e the tr"n#ition but H-P 'ini&o'$uter# '"+ h"%e been le,t behin/ Pro,/ orin AleC"ner o, re.on @t"te ni%er#it+ in or%"lli# i #et u$ "n ATP %er#ion b+ h"n-'oi,+in. @un ATP RTRA #o'e ti'e "roun 1991 or 1992/ hether he 'i.ht be intere#te in orkin. ,urther ith the @ H-P 'ini&o'$uter i# not knon "# thi# $"r".r"$h i# bein. reorke in A$ril o, 1995/ Aroun 1993 Pro,/ AleC"ner i %olunteer to #en " &o$+ to #o'eone in n.l"n (to ottin.h"'E) it i# re&"lle/ ontinue @ u#e o, "n H-P 'ini&o'$uter #houl not be t"ken "# " #i.n o, &o''er&i"l %i"bilit+ hoe%er/ H-P h"# " $l"nt in or%"lli# "n h"# on"te lot# o, #ur$lu# h"r"re to the #&hool/ To le"rn h"t no lon.er &"n be $ro,it"bl+ #ol look "t h"t &o'$"nie# on"te to #&hool# ,or $ur$o#e# o, .oo ill "n t"C reu&tion (joke)Y

I-!-.

6irtual

CDC

AT&

in

:annover

or "bout to e&"e# the ontrol ?"t" or$or"tion (?) "# knon ,or $oer,ul #&ienti,i& &o'$uter# ithout %irtu"l 'e'or+ '"n".e'ent/ n%ol%e ere 60-bit or '"&hine# th"t in%ol%e "n 18-bit "re## --- terribl+ li'ite on&e 'e'or+ $ri&e# be."n ro$$in. ,ro' " 'illion oll"r# (or 'ore) $er 'e."b+te to D100 or le## $er 'e."b+te/ or'er u#er# o, tho#e ol 'e'or+-boun ? '"&hine# h" "ll i#"$$e"re b+ the l"te 80# h"%in. 'i.r"te to neer 'ore ,leCible '"&hiner+/ ne o, tho#e neer 'ore ,leCible "ltern"ti%e# "# " ,ull+-%irtu"l ? &o'$uter line/ A# &ruel+ uner#too b+ the "nA' u#er .rou$ thi# "# "n "ll-ne $rou&t line th"t in%ol%e 64-bit or# "n ie-o$en ,ull+-%irtu"l "r&hite&ture/ ?urin. the l"te 80# it "# he"%il+ u#e "t the ni%er#it+ in H"nno%er in ;er'"n+ here ne %er#ion# ere #et u$ "t le"#t on&e " +e"r (urin. &tober "t the ti'e o, the "nnu"l < 'eetin. t+$i&"ll+)/ Thi# "# b+ then#tuent !u#t"," Ii*il&"+ (to"+ " Pro,e##or in #n"brue&k)/ H"r"l ehren took o%er thi# ork u$on ?r/ Ii*il&"+# e$"rture/ :ut then (1992 or 1993) tho#e &ontrollin. the &o'$uter e&ie to "b"non ? b+ #it&hin. to @un niC ork#t"tion#/

4


5

I-!-=.

%un

"icros#stems

ni2

Wor
ATP ,or @un ork#t"tion# "# e%elo$e "n i#tribute b+ :PA urin. the l"te 80#/ Thi# "# ,or !otorol" 68020-b"#e @un-3 ith 'ono&hro'e 'onitor# --- h"r"re th"t &ontinue to be u#e ,or ATP until 1992/ ?i#tribution "# on 60-!b+te &"rtri.e t"$e# onl+ "n et"il# ere e#&ribe b+ " ,ile n"'e Bre"/'eB o, the i#tribution t"$e/ :oth ,ree ; "n o$tion"l ;I@ .r"$hi&# &oul be u#e/ Thi# in,or'"tion no (A$ril 1995) i# bein. re'o%e ,ro' the Rule :ook/ @PAR i# the @un n"'e ,or R@ ork#t"tion# th"t #u$er#ee the !otorol" @ '"&hine# "roun 1989/ :PA ne%er u#e #u&h h"r"re ,or ATP "lthou.h it i &oo$er"te ith "n A:: u#er in @it*erl"n urin. 1990 to e#t"bli#h "n ATP %er#ion ,or @PAR/ Then < o, sar$i?@ivolt'.u;aterloo.ca i# u#e b+ !r/ @"r,i/

I-!-'.

Data General

"inicomputersB

Aviion

A b"t&h-'oe (no @P) %er#ion o, the !TP ,or ?"t" ;ener"l 'ini&o'$uter# ith %irtu"l 'e'or+ '"n".e'ent "# u#e b+ n#tituto e n%e#ti."&ion Te&nolo.i&" in !"ri @$"in/ Thi# be."n ith the #u$$ort o, :PA# B!39/B !TP %er#ion urin. 1985/ ithout "n+ "##i#t"n&e ,ro' :PA th"t &o'$uter &oe "# '"e o$er"tion"l on the uni%er#it+# ?"t" ;ener"l &o'$uter/ Then e"rl+ in 1987 T "# #u$$lie ith "n ATP tr"n#l"tion/ :ut "# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 #u&h ?"t" ;ener"l 'ini&o'$uter# h"%e lon. been ,or.otten/ A"$t"tion to the on.oin. 'i&ro$ro&e##or re%olution "# n"'e A%iion urin. the l"te 80# --" niC-b"#e ork#t"tion# th"t "re built "roun the !otorol" 88000 R@ 'i&ro$ro&e##or/ Thi# "# " .oo $l"t,or' ,or ATP #u$$ort "n &o'$uter eC$ert @*+'"n#ki (#ee 386 niC o, @e&tion --18) e%en #u$$orte hi# on #$e&i"l ATP #o,t"re u#in. it ,or " hile/ :ut !otorol" 88000 i not &o'$ete ell "."in#t ntel/ To"+ no one i# knon to be u#in. ?; A%iion to #u$$ort ATP/ # A%iion #till on the '"rketE ho h"# he"r o, ?"t" ;ener"l in re&ent +e"r#E

I-!-''.

C@arles

River

Data

%#stems

( CRD% )


h"rle# Ri%er ?"t" @+#te'# (R?@) &o'$uter# ere u#e in the $oer inu#tr+ b+ the i'$ort"nt ni"n '"nu,"&turer :h"r"t He"%+ le&tri&"l#
I-!-'*.

Apple

"acintos@ 

%lo;

%imulation

The !"&into#h  b+ A$$le o'$uter #till i# not "n "ttr"&ti%e $l"t,or' ,or #u$$ort o, !TP "t the en o, 1990/ The $roble' i# " l"&k o, 'e'or+ '"n".e'ent o, "n+ #ort u#in. A$$le# re.ul"r (non-niC) o$er"tin. #+#te'/ et ,or tho#e ith 4 or 'ore !b+te# o, RA! there ,in"ll+ "# " #olution ,ro' ?reCel ni%er#it+ in Phil"el$hi"/ ntere#te re"er# "re re,erre to the re$ort on $".e# 38-41 o, the @e$te'ber 1990 i##ue o, <# !TP e#/ Th"t "# ,or !otorol" 68020-b"#e h"r"re u#in. " 16-bit <"n.u".e @+#te'# &o'$iler th"t $rou&e h"l,-#$ee eCe&ution/ Aroun 1993 Pro,/ i' @'ith o, !ont"n" @t"te ni%er#it+ in :o*e'"n (@A) re&on#iere ATP u#in. hi# 68040-b"#e !"& Ou"r"/ @e%er"l $"rtie# "roun the orl h"%e been u#in. thi# e%en thou.h it too #i'ul"te# #lol+ "n i# not otheri#e (.r"$hi&# ino# @P) e%elo$e/ in"ll+ @tu ook o, @T @er%i&e# in " #uburb o, !ontre"l Ouebe& "n"" h"# been orkin. on ATP ,or Ou"r"/
I-!-'0.

nivac

"ain$rame

o$

ED&

in

4ison

A b"t&h-'oe (no @P) %er#ion o, the ATP ,or ol ni%"& '"in,r"'e# (36-bit or '"&hine# reuirin. o%erl"+in.) "# u#e urin. the 'i-to-l"te 80# b+ / Allen
I-!-'5.

Cra#

or

%C%

Clone

%upercomputers

6


r"+ Re#e"r&h n&/ h"# '"nu,"&ture the #u$er&o'$uter# o, &hoi&e urin. the 70# "n 80#M "n ,or h"t it# orth ATP h"# been $ro%en to be &o'$"tible/ A&tu"ll+ it "# "n i'it"tion r"+ Bne"r #u$er&o'$uterB b+ @@ (@&ienti,i& o'$uter @+#te'#) th"t ,ir#t "# te#teF 'oel @@-40/ @@ r"n r"+ #o,t"re/ <"ter urin. the @u''er o, 1988 " #e$"r"te &o'$il"tion "n linkin. "# one on " r"+ =!P "t the ni%er#it+ o, llinoi# in rb"n" llinoi#/ o one h"# e%er #hon #u$er&o'$uter# to be &o#t e,,e&ti%e ,or !TP #i'ul"tion/ ith "ll the &he"$er "n 'ore &on%enient "ltern"ti%e# it #ee'# unlikel+ th"t r"+-&o'$"tible #u$er&o'$uter# e%er ill ."in " ,olloin. ,or ATP u#e/ nl+ #o'e $o##ible re"l-ti'e #i'ul"tion nee or ,ree "&&e## (Bthe &o'$uter h"# "lre"+ been $"i ,or "n it i# not 'u&h u#eB) 'i.ht rekinle intere#t in r"+/

I-!-'7.

C#drome

C#dra 7

"ini

%upercomputer

+ro'e o, !il$it"# "li,orni" "# " '"ker o, h"t it &ho#e to &"ll " Be$"rt'ent"l le%el 'ini #u$er&o'$uter/B t "# bein. ben&h'"rke ith ATP '"teri"l# urin. @e$te'ber o, 1988/ A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 it #ee'# likel+ th"t +ro'e i not #ur%i%e the e&line o, the #u$er&o'$uter '"rket/ The on.oin. 'i&ro$ro&e##or re%olution h"# t"ken " he"%+ toll "n +ro'e $rob"bl+ "# one o, the %i&ti'#/

I-!-'8.

!loatin/ &oint %#stems

( !&% )

?urin. the 'i-to-l"te 80# lo"tin. Point @+#te'# (P@) '"nu,"&ture hi.h-#$ee #&ienti,i& $ro&e##or# th"t ere .ener"li*"tion# o, the e"rlier "rr"+ $ro&e##or# th"t '"e the &o'$"n+ ,"'ou#/ T+$i&"ll+ " ,leCible 'ini&o'$uter #u&h "# ? KA= "# u#e ,or "&&e## (" u#er-,rienl+ B,ront enB)/ n ,"&t ? it#el, #ol P@ $rou&t# n"'e P@ 30 "n P@ 60 ,or &onne&tion to it# 8600-#erie# KA=K!@ &o'$uter#/ or te#t $ur$o#e# the @@r"+ tr"n#l"tor o, @e&tion --14 "# u#e/ Thi# "# be&"u#e tr"n#l"tion rule# ere &o'$"tible/ et the ,ir#t #eriou# u#er re"ll+ e#er%e# better/ P@ RTRA oe# h"%e <? hi&h "# i.nore b+ @@r"+/ A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 P@ u#e ,or ATP i# e"/ n the %er.e o, b"nkru$t&+ r"+ "&uire $"rt o, the P@ o$er"tion/ :ut no (1995) r"+ it#el, i# in trouble/
I-!-'3.

O%9*8

DO%

E2tender

$or

Intel

*8

The ?@ eCtener th"t "# &ho#en to #u$$ort ATP on ntel 80286-b"#e (:! P AT-&o'$"tible) P# "# n"'e @286 "n "# ritten b+ &li$#e o'$utin. @olution# n&/ (,or'erl+ A// Ar&hite&t#)/ The "##o&i"te RTRA &o'$iler "n linker "re 77<-!16 "n <I286 re#$e&ti%el+ -- both ,ro' <"he+ o'$uter/ Thi# &o'bin"tion "$$lie to the ATP ill be re,erre to #i'$l+ "# Bthe @286 %er#ionB o, ATP/ ?et"il# "re &o%ere in Re,/ U49/

7


A# thi# teCt ,or the #u$$ort o, "n #eriou# u#er# ro$$e/ The ni&he

i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 @286 i# lon. .one ATP/ The @"l,or &o'$iler ,or 386# r"$il+ $ro%e #u$erior "b"none 286-b"#e &o'$uter# in ,"%or o, 386# "# $ri&e# ,or 286-b"#e #olution# i not l"#t lon./

The ol (ori.in"l ) @2 ,or 286# ne%er "# trie/ ?urin. @e$te'ber o, 1989 ?r/ !u#t"," Ii*il&"+ h" e'on#tr"te ,e"#ibilit+ o, @"l,or !TP ,or 386#/ The ino o, o$$ortunit+ ,or 16-bit @2 h" &lo#e/ urther eC$l"n"tion &"n be ,oun in the ?e&e'ber 1989 i##ue o, !TP e# (the 11-$".e $"$er b+ !e##r#/ Ii*il&"+ "n Rieel)/

I-!-'.

ni2

$or

Intel

08-ased

&Cs

An !TP %er#ion ,or niC on 80386-b"#e &o'$uter# "# e#&ribe in <# B!TP e#B be.innin. in @e$te'ber o, 1988 in "rti&le# b+ ?"%i @*+'"n#ki/ Re,eren&e# &"n be ,oun in the ne#letter o, &our#e/ :ein. u#e "# niC @+#te' K Rele"#e 3/2 hi&h &oul be obt"ine ,ro' #e%er"l &o'$"nie# in the @A/ A b"t&h-'oe %er#ion o, ATP ,or niC on 386-b"#e P# be&"'e "%"il"ble ,ree o, &h"r.e to li&en#e ATP u#er# in @e$te'ber o, 1989/ :+ e,inition @P "# 'i##in. "n bit-'"$$e $lottin. "# one b+ u#e o, #e$"r"te !@-?@ $ro.r"'# #u&h "# TPP<T "n ?P
I-!-'=.

DEC

ni2 

6A,

ltri2B

"I&%B

O%!

?urin. the #$rin. "n #u''er o, 1988 " KA= 
8


A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 there no lon.er i# intere#t in the ol ,l"%or# o, ? niC/ The ne ? Al$h" ork#t"tion# runnin. @ niC &ert"inl+ "re o, intere#t hoe%er/
I-!-*.

I+" RT &C

Wor
ses

ni2

RT P "# :!# ork#t"tion o, the l"te 80# th"t r"n onl+ niC/ nlike the to$ o, the :! P@2 line RT P i not u#e "n+ ntel 'i&ro$ro&e##or/ R"ther it u#e :!# on $ro$riet"r+ R@ &hi$/ RTRA ,or RT P "# ,ir#t $rou&e urin. ul+ o, 1989 but ne%er "# te#te ue to l"&k o, "nA' ti'e (the Portl"n o,,i&e o, :! h" %olunteere " '"&hine)/ Then on 30 !"r&h 1989 "n RT P oner o, the $oer inu#tr+ tele$hone to eC$re## intere#t/ A ne tr"n#l"tion "# r"$il+ $rou&e "n '"ile on 1 A$ril 1989/ :ut the "nA' u#er .rou$ ne%er le"rne h"t h"$$ene/ A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 'ore th"n ju#t ATP ,or RT P i# belie%e to be e"/ RT P it#el, #ee'# to h"%e $"##e ""+ (nothin. h"# been re" "bout it in +e"r#)/ , &our#e "# ell kno :! h"# 'o%e "lon. ith A$$le to the neer 'ore-o$en !otorol" Poer P/

I-!-*'.

%iemens

"ain$rame

in

%aarlandes

@ie'en# i# the .i"nt ;er'"n ele&tri&"l '"nu,"&turer th"t in&lue #o'e &o'$uter# in it# $rou&t line urin. the 80#/ At le"#t &ert"in o, the#e ere $ro%en to be ATP-&o'$"tible "t ni%er#it"t e# @""rl"ne# in ;er'"n+/ Thi# "# urin. 1988/ The @ie'en# RTRA &o'$iler $ro%e u#e,ul "# " i".no#ti& tool #o urin. l"te inter o, 1989 " #e$"r"te tr"n#l"tor ,or @ie'en# "# e#t"bli#he "n " ne ATP %er#ion "# '"ile to @""rl"ne# on !"r&h 28th/ A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 @ie'en# &o'$uter# h"%e been lon. ,or.otten/
I-!-**.

%al$ord

DO%

E2tender

$or

Intel

08

@"l,or !TP "n TPP<T ,or ntel 386 486 or Pentiu' P# th"t run !@-?@ "re b+ ,"r the 'o#t iel+ u#e ATP #o,t"re/ The#e "re u#e 'ore th"n "ll other %er#ion# &o'bine/ ntel P h"r"re i# the #t"n"r o, the inu#tr+ "n the @"l,or ?@ eCtener ?:@386 &"n be i#tribute ,ree o, &h"r.e o, "n+ intere#te u#er/ A# thi# teCt i# bein. o%erh"ule in A$ril o, 1995 the '"n+ $".e# o, et"il# "re bein. re'o%e/ @ee the RA?Z!/? ,ile on the ;K2 i#k o, @"l,or !TP i#tribution ,or thi# '"teri"l/ Al#o &on#ult re&ent i##ue# o, the ne#letter/ An+ $otenti"l u#er #houl h"%e 'ore th"n 2 !b+te o, RA! hoe%er "lon. ith 10 ,ree !b+te# on the h"r i#k " &olor 'onitor ('o#t u#e #t"n"r K;A) "n " 'ou#e/ Th"t i# "ll it t"ke# ,or the 'o#t hi.h-e%elo$e "n #o$hi#ti&"te ATP %er#ion in the uni%er#e/ @o'e "$"ne#e P# #ol ithin "$"n "re in&o'$"tible ith @"l,or ?:@ hoe%er it #houl be note/  "n ujit#u h" knon $roble'# urin. the

9


e"rl+ 90#/ Pro,/ "oto "."ok" "t ?o#hi#h" ni%er#it+ in I+oto uner#t"n# #u&h et"il#/

I-!-*0.

Watcom

AT&

$or

O%9*

Warp

:!# @  2 "r$ i# one "ltern"ti%e to bu#ine## "# u#u"l (@"l,or ?:@ runnin. uner !@-?@)/ Robert !ereith "n Robert @&hult* o, PA (e ork Poer Authorit+ in hite Pl"in#) h"%e been $ur#uin. thi# "# et"ile in ne#letter #torie# th"t be.in ith the "nu"r+ 1995 i##ue/ The+ $ur#ue @2 "r$ be&"u#e o, i##"ti#,"&tion ith !@ ino# "# " 'ultit"#kin. en%iron'ent/ "r$ i# " rel"ti%el+-ne 32-bit o$er"tin. #+#te' th"t #houl not be &on,u#e ith the &ru''+ ol 16-bit %er#ion o, @2 th"t PR u#e to #u$$ort ?;PR !TP urin. the l"te 80#/ PR u#e @2 th"t "# ritten ,or 286b"#e P "n it #i'ul"te %er+ %er+ #lol+/ PA u#e# the "t&o' &o'$iler "n h"# e'on#tr"te ,ull-#$ee (not u"rter-#$ee) #i'ul"tion/ A# thi# #e&tion i# "e in A$ril o, 1995 the "nA' u#er .rou$ i# ,olloin. the PA le"/ Althou.h @2 h"# not +et been $ur&h"#e the "t&o' &o'$iler "lre"+ i# bein. u#e ith $l"in !@-?@/ t i# &o'$"tible ith both "# ell "# !@ ino# T/ ?@4; i# the n"'e o, the ?@ eCtener u#e b+ "t&o' "n PA h"# #hon th"t thi# too ill #u$$ort ATP/
10


I.G 6ARDI"

H01.

1

ser-Controlled 6ariale Dimensionin/ o$ t@e E"T&

The !TP ork# ith " l"r.e "'ount o, "t"/ :e&"u#e it i# i'$o##ible in RTRA to "llo&"te the eC"&t neee "'ount o, 'e'or+ hile the $ro.r"' i# runnin. l"r.e t"ble# ith ,iCe i'en#ion# "re to be $ree,ine/ The KAR?! utilit+ &"n rei'en#ion the#e t"ble# "t link".e-eitin. ti'e "n #houl be u#e in the ,olloin. to #itu"tion#F ") The $ro.r"'# e,"ult t"ble #i*e# o not ,it +our nee#/ Thi# &"n be the &"#e i, the u#er h"# .ot " t"ble o%er,lo error 'e##".e/ Another $o##ibililt+ i# th"t &ert"in 'oel# "re ne%er u#e "n the u#er "nt to re&u$er"te th"t 'e'or+/ Thi# i# i'$ort"nt ,or &o'$uter# ith %irtu"l 'e'or+ "# the $ro.r"' run# ,"#ter i, le## 'e'or+ i# reuire/ b) , the $ro.r"' oe# not ,it into 'e'or+ (,or %er#ion#)/ Reu&in. the t"ble #i*e# i# " $o##ible #olution/

o%erl"i

$ro.r"'

K"ri' "llo# the u#er to #i*e t"ble# "t link".e-eitin. ti'e (lo"in.M binin.M et&/) "n not urin. &o'$il"tion ti'e/ The $ro.r"''in. tri&k# th"t re#ult in thi# ,reeo' "reF - the u#e o, onl+ #in.l+-#ub#&ri$te "rr"+# - the u#e o, " #e$"r"te !! blo&k ,or e"&h #u&h %e&tor #o th"t &o'$iler out$ut i# ine$enent o, "rr"+ i'en#ion#/ Thi# &on&e$t "# ori.in"ll+ et"ile in Re,/8 Kol/ $".in"tion KAR?/ @ee "l#o 17 A$ril 1975 $".in"tion R@/

30 "nu"r+ 1975

or the u#er# bene,it ke+ $oint# th"t "re ine$enent o, &o'$uter #+#te' #h"ll no be #u''"ri*e/ The u#er i# "l#o re,erre to the in#t"ll"tione$enent in#tru&tion# ,or hi# &o'$uter #+#te' (@e&tion -) #in&e %"riou# "#$e&t# o, the $ro&eure e$en u$on the br"n o, &o'$uter/

n orer to #i*e !TP t"ble# the #e$"r"te $ro.r"' BKAR?!B i# to be eCe&ute $rior to link".e-eitin. o, the !TP/ n$ut to thi# $ro.r"' &on#i#t# o, 3 to 5 "t" &"r# th"t e'bo+ the u#er# e#ire !TP t"ble #i*e#/ All #u&h "t" &"r# (eC&e$t the o$tion"l ?A
urrentl+ there "re 27 ine$enent t"ble# (Bli#t #i*e#B) rel"te to the #i'ul"tion $"rt/ ir#t the 'e"nin. o, the#e Bli#t #i*e#B ill be i#&u##e/ eCt the e,"ult t"ble #i*e# ill be #$e&i,ie/


2

H01.

The 'e"nin. o, "ll B:@TP (@"tur"ble tr"n#,or'er &o'$onent 3-$h"#e o$tion #ee #e&tion K--4) - e"&h -$h"#e &ou$le br"n&h &ount# ,or 2>

2/ <:RH the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, br"n&he#/ Re'"rk th"t ,olloin. rule# #houl be t"ken into "&&ount tooF - " #erie# R-<- br"n&h &ount# "# 1 - " 3-$h"#e o%erhe" line &ount# "# 3 - " $#euo-nonline"r br"n&h t+$e 99 &ount# "# 1 - " -inin. tr"n#,or'er &ount# "# 2>(-1)N3 - true non-line"r ele'ent# "re not t"ken into "&&ount/

3/ (N1)2 (#tor".e on "n belo the i".on"l onl+) - " #in.le-$h"#e -inin. tr"n#,or'er &ount# "# 3> - " three-$h"#e -inin. tr"n#,or'er &ount# "# 3>N3 - " true nonline"r br"n&h t+$e 99 &ount# "# 1 - " #our&e t+$e 16 &ount# "# 2/ hene%er the re,eren&e br"n&h $ro&eure i# u#e no &ontribution to
4/ <=T the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, #our&e#/

Re'"rk th"t ,olloin. rule#

"$$l+F -

e"&h e"&h e"&h e"&h

t+$e 1//15 #our&e &ount# "# 1 t+$e 16 #our&e &ount# "# 2 T+$e-59 +n"'i& @/!/ &ount# "# 3 ! &ount# "# 4

5/ <!AT li'it on ,lo"tin.-$oint #tor".e ,or both the "'itt"n&e '"triC U o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ ("ll non*ero entrie# 'u#t be #tore) "n "l#o it# ,"&tor# (i".on"l "n u$$er-tri"n.ul"r ,"&tor# onl+)/ :oth 'u#t be #tore #i'ult"neou#l+/

6/ <@TH the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, #it&he#/ Re'"rk th"t ,olloin. rule# "$$l+F -

e"&h #it&h &ount# "# 1 e"&h ioe &ount# "# 1 e"&h %"l%e (th+ri#tor or HK? %"l%e) &ount# "# 1 ! to "&&e$t t+$e-59 "t" (e/./ @HAT TRO et&)

7/ <@L7 " li'it on the tot"l nu'ber o, i#tin&t 6-&h"r"&ter A
(A6)


H01.

3

- oe n"'e# h"%e their on #$e&i"l #tor".e #o o not &ount the' ,or $ur$o#e# o, #i*in.
8/
$oint#

,or

9/ << the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, nonline"r "n $#euo-nonline"r ele'ent# o, the netork/ The#e "re t+$e 91 92 93 96 97 98 "n 99 ele'ent# re&"ll/

10/ <HAR the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, $oint# th"t e,ine the &h"r"&teri#ti&# o, nonline"r or $#euo-nonline"r ele'ent# o, N8 &ell# "re "llo&"te here  i# the nu'ber o, "t" &"r# th"t e,ine the &h"r"&teri#ti&/ @e&on "n l"ter ele'ent# 'i.ht u#e the re,eren&e-br"n&h ,e"ture in hi&h &"#e reuire'ent# ro$ to onl+ #iC &ell# $er ele'ent/ @ee @e&tion K-? ,or ,urther et"il# o, thi# eC&e$tion"l &"#e o, T+$e96 br"n&he#/ - A #e&on eC&e$tion i# $ro%ie b+ Ln #ur.e "rre#ter# hi&h reuire eCtr" #tor".e/ The buren o, e"&h "rre#ter i# eu"l to the nu'ber o, #e.'ent# (eC$onenti"l#) th"t reuire re$re#ent"tion/ 11/ <@!T the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, T+$e-59 #+n&hronou# '"&hine (@/!/) out$ut# o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ "&h #u&h out$ut &ount# "# one/ K"lue unit+ i# t"ken "# " #$e&i"l ,l". to 'ini'i*e "ll other t+$e-59 #tor".e "# ell/ The "ltern"te u#e o, unit+ ,or
12/ <@L12 the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, out$ut# o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ Re'"rk the ,olloin.F - @! out$ut oe# not &ontribute (t"ken into "&&ount in li#t 11) - ner.+ "n Poer reue#t out$ut o not &ontribute (t"ken into "&&ount in li#t 18)

13/ <@L13 orkin. #$"&e (in ,lo"tin.-$oint or#) ,or both "n inter"&ti%e $lottin./

b"t&h-'oe

14/ <:@TA the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, &onne&tion# beteen T+$e-92 #our&e# o, TA@ "n rot"tin. '"&hiner+ (either the @/!/ or the /!/)/

15/ <TA@ the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, b+te# o, HARATR #tor".e ,or !?<@ (ne TA@ "%"il"ble on "ll #+#te'# eC&e$t P =T-AT)/ Re'"rkF - Te#tin. be."n in the #e&on h"l, o, 1988/ - nle## "nor until u#er# "re tol ho to u#e thi# " bl"nk *ero or unit+ ill e,,e&ti%el+ .i%e no #u&h #tor".e ("n no buren on 'e'or+)/ - #".e o, 3 C t"ble e,"ult i# "l"+# neee hen !?<@ #houl be "&ti%"te/ - or the ol TA@ re,er to li#t 19


4

H01.

16/ <!A@@ the '"Ci'u' tot"l nu'ber o, '"##e# o, "ll T+$e-59 #+n&hronou# '"&hine# (
17/ <@ the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, T+$e-59 &o'$onent#) e#&ribe in @e&tion K/

#+n&hronou#

'"&hine#

(@/!/

18/ !A=P the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, br"n&h or #it&h $oer "n ener.+ reue#t#/ Thinkin. o, the ol ori.in"l ,or' o, the reue#t thi# i# the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, &olu'n-80 reue#t# th"t h"%e " %"lue o, B4B/

19/
20/ <@! #tor".e ,or $ol+no'i"l# re$re#entin. ,reuen&+-e$enent tr"n#'i##ion line# "n &"ble#/ Ple"#e note the ,olloin.F - or !"rti 'oellin. (@e&t/ K-?-3) e"&h br"n&h &ontribute# 5N7>P &ell# here P i# the nu'ber o, $ole# u#e to re$re#ent the to ,un&tion# Lo "n A1/ - or @e'l+en 'oellin. (@e&t/ K-?-4) e"&h br"n&h reuire# one &ell $lu# ,i%e ti'e# the nu'ber o, $ole# o, the $ro$o."tion ,un&tion# $lu# ,our ti'e# the nu'ber o, $ole# o, the "'itt"n&e ,un&tion#/

21/ <? the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, &ell# u#e to #tore tr"n#,or'"tion '"tri&e# ,or the &on#t"nt-$"r"'eter "n ,reuen&+-e$enent i#tribute tr"n#'i##ion line 'oel#/ Ple"#e note the ,olloin.F - or e"&h non-&o$ie tr"n#'i##ion &ir&uit o,  $h"#e# 2>> &ell# "re reuire/ - hene%er the re,eren&e &o'$onent $ro&eure i# u#e the #i*e o, thi# li#t ill not be "u.'ente/

22/
23/ <@L23 " %"lue th"t 'u#t be #u$$lie ,or &o'$uter# th"t o not o%erl"+ !TP t"ble# (i/e/ ,or %irtu"l &o'$uter# onl+)/ Ple"#e re'"rk the ,olloin.F - or ,ull+-%irtu"l #+#te'# th"t "re not #hort o, "re## #$"&e <@L23 .i%e# the len.th in ,lo"tin.-$oint or# o, three .i"nt %e&tor# th"t "re u#e


H01.

5

,or noe renu'berin. "n the $h"#or #te"+-#t"te #olution/ Th"t i# the &on%ention"l u#e o,
24/ !P the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, $h"#e# o, &o'$en#"tion ( ,or " &ir&uit o, '"Ci'u' #i*e )/ The "&tu"l '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, $h"#e# then %"rie# in%er#el+ ith the nu'ber o, "&tu"l noe# u#e in " $"rti&ul"r #i'ul"tion &"#e/ #e o, !P J 3 i# &o''on #in&e thi# "llo# 3-$h"#e &o'$en#"tion ,or " netork th"t i# o, '"Ci'u' #i*e 6-$h"#e &o'$en#"tion ith " netork o, h"l, #i*e et&/

25/ <@P! the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, ,lo"tin.-$oint &ell# o, tot"l #tor".e ,or "ll uni%er#"l '"&hine (/!/) t"ble#/ Ple"#e re'"rk the ,olloin.F - , /!/ 'oelin. o, @e&tion = i# not o, intere#t #et <@P! to unit+/ - Pr"&ti&"l $rou&tion u#".e "lloin. to 3-$h"#e inu&tion '"&hine# t+$i&"ll+ reuire# " %"lue o, 1500 (or 'ore)/

26/ <@L26 the len.th o, #e%er"l #'"ll orkin. %e&tor# th"t "re u#e ,or %"riou# ,un&tion# in the !TP/ ri.in"ll+ ,iCe "t 50 &ell# the#e "re no %"ri"bl+-i'en#ione to "llo o$en-ene u#".e/ Ple"#e note the ,olloin. rule#F - The #u"re o, the nu'ber o, &ou$le $h"#e# o, %"riou# &o'$onent# (e/./ line# or Pi-&ir&uit#) 'u#t not eC&ee
27/ <@L27 re#er%e ,or l"ter u#e ith ,reuen&+-e$enent #our&e# (Re,/ 35)/ The !TP h"# #u&h #olution &oe but not the "##o&i"te "t" .ener"tor (ne%er &ontribute to the $ubli& o'"in b+ nt"rio H+ro)/ ntil #u&h u#".e
28/
29/ <@L29 the #i*e o, eCtr" "uCili"r+ #tor".e ,or B

H01.

eCe&ution ill i#$l"+ " ro ,or thi# entr+ onl+ i, 'e"nin.,ul #tor".e h"# been reue#te/ The e,"ult %"lue# "n 'e'or+ reuire'ent# n orer to rei'en#ion !TP the u#er #houl not onl+ kno the e,"ult %"lue# ,or the 4 "n RA<>8 "rr"+# th"t "re e,ine in the $ro.r"'/

6


H01.

TA:< 1F ?e,"ult %"lue# "n 'e'or+ reuire'ent# T"ble nu'ber

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

"'e o, li#t #i*e

<:@ <:RH
!ulti$li&it+ ,or inte.er "rr"+# R b+te#

!ulti$li&it+ ,or re"l "rr"+# R b+te#

?e,"ul t #i*e

4 7 0 2 1 10 0 0 11 0 3 0 4 0 0 1 10 2 0 0 0 0

16 28 0 8 4 40 0 0 44 0 12 0 16 0 0 4 40 8 0 0 0 0

6 5 3 6 1 12 2 2 8 3 1 4 8 1 2 0 6 1 1 24 2 1

48 40 24 48 8 96 16 16 64 24 8 32 64 8 16 0 48 8 8 192 16 8

0 0

0 0

1 1

8 8

250 300 500 50 2500 40 700 1750 75 160 50 50 5000 20 1 40 4 5 1600 660 100 150 4000 3 400 50 50 1 1

oteF The t"ble# ith e,"ult %"lue# u#e "$$roCi'"tel+ 680I

b+te# u#e $er t"ble "t unit+ #i*e 64 68 24 56 12 136 16 16 108 24 20 32 80 8 16 4 88 16 8 192 16 8

e,"ul t #i*e 16000 20400 12000 2800 30000 5440 11200 28000 8100 3840 1000 1600 400000 160 16 160 352 80 12800 126720 1600 1200

8 8

24 3200

7


8

H01.

I.G.* T@e input data cards $or 6ARDI"

n .ener"l "n in$ut "t"-e&k ,or BKAR?!B h"# the ,olloin. #tru&tureF 1/ ?A
n$ut to KAR?! be.in# ith "n o$tion"l Be,"ultB &"r/ Thi# &"r 'ulti$lie# "ll e,"ult li#t #ettin.# b+ " &on#t"nt/ (@ee t"ble 1) The t"ble #i*e# thu# obt"ine &"n onl+ be o%errule b+ the @A< reue#t (#ee $oint 2 "t") or b+ li#t #$e&i,i&"tion# on the '"n"tor+ .rou$in. o, three &"r#/ (#ee $oint 4 "t") , no #u&h 'oi,i&"tion i# e#ire the u#er #houl le"%e "ll ,iel# bl"nk on thi# '"n"tor+ .rou$in. o, three &"r# "n o'it u#".e o, the @A< reue#t/ The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e ,or thi# ?A
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

DEFAULT

E8.0

DEFFAC

'

&arameter DE!!AC

the 'ulti$li&"tion ,"&tor to the e,"ult #i*e (#ee t"ble 1)

2 The @A< e&l"r"tion (o$tion"l)

n$ut to KAR?! &"n "l#o &ont"in "n o$tion"l B@A<B reue#t/ Thi# &"r 'ulti$lie# "ll li#t #ettin.# (e,"ult "# ell "# u#er-#$e&i,ie) b+ " &on#t"nt/

The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e look# "# ,ollo#F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

SCALE

E8.0

SCAFAC

2 &arameter %CA!AC the 'ulti$li&"tion ,"&tor to "ll %"ri"ble ,iel# (e,"ult "# ell "# u#er-#$e&i,ie)/


9

H01.

Note @A< i,,er# ,ro' ?A ?A) "$$lie to the e,"ult t"ble #i*e (#ee t"ble 1)M b) "n+ u#er-#$e&i,ie ,iel i# #i*e u#in. the @AA 'ulti$lier "$$lie to the &on&ernin. ,iel %"lue/

The RA! TA:<@ reue#t (o$tion"l) The ,or'"t to be u#e i# "# ,ollo#F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

RAM TABLES

3 , thi# ke+or i# ,oun then li#t#i*e 29 i# intern"ll+ e,ine to eu"l
;rou$in. o, three &"r# &ont"inin. the li#t #i*e# The ,olloin. .rou$in. o, three &"r# i# '"n"tor+/ Here the u#er &"n #$e&i,+ t"ble #i*e# ,itte to hi# "&tu"l nee#/ n orer to "llo 'ore ,leCibilit+ ,olloin. re'"rk i# "eu"teF - The t"ble #i*e# obt"ine u#in. the B?A
The in$ut &"r ,or li#t 1-10 Thi# in$ut i# "l"+# re"/ K"lue# th"t #houl not be &h"n.e 'u#t be le,t bl"nk/ The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e i# "# ,ollo#F 1

4

3

2

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

LBUS

4

I8

LBRNCH

I8

LDATA

I8

I8

LEXCT

LYMAT

I8

LSWTCH

I8

I8

I8

LSIZE7

LAST

LN!NL

I8

LCHAR


10

H01.

The in$ut &"r ,or li#t 11-20 Thi# in$ut i# "l"+# re"/ K"lue# th"t #houl not be &h"n.e 'u#t be le,t bl"nk/ The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e i# "# ,ollo#F 1

I8

LSM!UT

I8

I8

LSIZ12

LSIZ13

4

3

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

5

6

7

8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

I8

LBSTAC

I8

LCTACS

I8

LIMASS

LSYN

I8

MAXE

I8

I8

LTACST

LFSEM

5

The in$ut &"r ,or li#t 21-28

bl"nk/

Thi# in$ut i# "l"+# re"/ K"lue# th"t #houl not be &h"n.e 'u#t be le,t The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e i# "# ,ollo#/ 1

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

I8

I8

LFD

LHIST

I8

LSIZ23

4

3

5

6

7

8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 I8

I8

NC!M

LSCUM

I8

I8

LSIZ26

LSIZ27

I8

LRTACS

I8

LSIZ29

6

,,#et &"r ,or non-#i'ul"tion o%erl"+# (o$tion"l) ert"in $ri'"r+-le%el non-#olution o%erl"+# h"%e .i"nt orkin. "rr"+# (" '"Ci'u' o, one $er o%erl"+) th"t "re #i*e the #"'e "# B
1

I8

R!!T20

I8

I8

U"#$%&

U"#$%&

4

3

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

I8

R!!T25

5

6

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

I8

R!!T26

7

8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

R!!T27

7 The ,un&tionin. i# "# ,ollo#F 1) 4) 5) 6)

BRT20B BRT25B BRT26B BRT27B

&ol#/ &ol#/ &ol#/ &ol#/

1-8 ,or $lottin. "n #t"ti#ti&# t"bul"tion#M 25-32 ,or B< @TAT@BM 33-40 ,or B@!< @TPBM 41-48 ,or BA:< @TAT@B/

#er# o, o%erl"i $ro.r"' %er#ion# #houl be u#in. thi# ,e"ture &"re,ull+/ :ut %irtu"l $ro.r"' %er#ion# "re 'ore &o''on "n in thi# &"#e "t" reuire'ent# "re 'u&h #i'$ler/ All TP o%erl"+# u#e the #"'e %irtu"l #tor".e


H01.

11

#o onl+ " #in.le o,,#et ke+e in &olu'n# 1-8 ill be u#e/ urther the #i*e oe# not '"tter 'u&h ,or '"&hine# ith ie-o$en %irtu"l 'e'or+ '"n".e'ent/ :ut there "re eC&e$tion# (e/./ the b"l+-&on#tr"ine ATGT = P)/

The #i.n "n the #i*e o, the o,,#et or o,,#et# i# i'$o##ible to $rei&t/ hen the ie" be."n o%erl"i &o'$uter# ere u#e "n o,,#et# ere .ener"ll+ $o#iti%e/ The non-#i'ul"tion o%erl"+# ere #horter th"n the ti'e-#te$ loo$ #o " $o#iti%e o,,#et "lloe .re"ter t"ble #i*e ithout "n+ .re"ter buren on 'e'or+/ The ie" "# to eCten non-#i'ul"tion o%erl"+# to the len.th o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ (o%erl"+ 16 hi&h "# the lon.e#t !TP o%erl"+)/ :ut then "lon. &"'e %irtu"l &o'$uter# "n enor'ou# li#t #i*e# ere reue#te/ nle## #$e&i"ll+ &o'$en#"te ,or the .i"nt orkin. "rr"+# oul be i'en#ione ,"r be+on "n+ re"#on"ble $ro.r"' nee#/ To &o'$en#"te o,,#et# be&"'e ne."ti%e/ or KA= urin. !"r&h o, 1980 "n o,,#et o, -128500 "# bein. u#e/ Thi# "# "t " ti'e hen
I.G.0 Illustrative usa/e

or'"l eCe&ution o, the %"ri"ble-i'en#ionin. $ro.r"' re#ult# in 'ini'"l $rintout th"t in&lue# " li#tin. o, the in$ut "t" &"r# (3 or 5 in nu'ber)/ or eC"'$le i, the u#er "nt# 3 ti'e# e,"ult i'en#ionin. ,or "ll t"ble# the ,olloin. &oul be the in$ut &"r#F

%"ri'/eCe  o''ent &"r# o, !TP ,or'"t (be.innin. ith B B in &ol#/ 1-2) "re  "lloe "n+here "'on. the "t" &"r# re" b+ BKAR?!B/ n-line  &o''ent# "re "l#o "lloe "n+here "# illu#tr"te on the ,olloin.  "t" &"r/ et onl+ Bo$enB in-line &o''ent# "re "lloe 'e"nin.  th"t e%er+thin. to the ri.ht o, the ,ir#t BSB ill be bl"nke out/  Ple"#e &on#ult the Rule :ook ,or et"il# re."rin. t"ble #i*e# YYYY ?A


o''ent &"r# o, !TP ,or'"t (be.innin. ith B B in &ol#/ 1-2) "re o''ent &"r i# i.nore/ 1 o''ent &"r# o, !TP ,or'"t (be.innin. ith B B in &ol#/ 1-2) "re  "lloe "n+here "'on. the "t" &"r# re" b+ BKAR?!B/ n-line o''ent &"r i# i.nore/ 1 "lloe "n+here "'on. the "t" &"r# re" b+ BKAR?!B/ n-line  &o''ent# "re "l#o "lloe "n+here "# illu#tr"te on the ,olloin. o''ent &"r i# i.nore/ 1 &o''ent# "re "l#o "lloe "n+here "# illu#tr"te on the ,olloin.  "t" &"r/ et onl+ Bo$enB in-line &o''ent# "re "lloe 'e"nin. o''ent &"r i# i.nore/ 1 "t" &"r/ et onl+ Bo$enB inline &o''ent# "re "lloe 'e"nin.


H01.



th"t e%er+thin. to the ri.ht o, the ,ir#t BSB ill be bl"nke out/ o''ent &"r i# i.nore/ 1 th"t e%er+thin. to the ri.ht o, the ,ir#t BSB ill be bl"nke out/  Ple"#e &on#ult the Rule :ook ,or et"il# re."rin. t"ble #i*e# YYYY o''ent &"r i# i.nore/ 1 Ple"#e &on#ult the Rule :ook ,or et"il# re."rin. t"ble #i*e# YYYY ?A
olloin. eC"'$le illu#tr"te# the &"#e here "ll t"ble# #i*e# #houl be 3 ti'e# e,"ult i'en#ione #u$$o#in. th"t onl+ 2 @/!/ out$ut# o, the ti'e #te$ loo$ ill be reue#te (<@!T J 2)/ n the $re%iou# &"#e the t"ble #i*e &orre#$onin. to <@!T oul h"%e " #i*e o, 3 C 50 J 150 thu# re#er%in. 4800 b+te o, 'e'or+ (#ee T"ble 1)/ , onl+ 2 #u&h out$ut# #houl be eC$e&te it i# u#ele## to "#te thi# 'e'or+/ Hen&e ,olloin. in$ut #houl be u#eF

?A
3/00 2

:
S $tion"l &"r #$e&i,+in. 'ulti$le o, e,"ult i'en#ionin. St"ble #i*e# 1-10 3 ti'e# e,"ult St"ble #i*e <@!T J 2 re#t 3 ti'e# e,"ult St"ble #i*e# 21-30 3 ti'e# e,"ult

12


13

H01.

, &our#e "ll t"ble #i*e# &"n be #$e&i,ie b+ the u#er i#re."rin. "n+ e,"ult "llo&"tion/ n thi# &"#e o'it the B?A4 "n RA<>8 "rr"+# (%e&tor#M &olu'n# o, t"ble#) to hi&h e"&h li#t (or t"ble) "$$lie#/ Thi# h"n+ in,or'"tion i# "uto'"ti&"ll+ $rinte out b+ the !TP ,olloin. the error teCt "##o&i"te ith "n+ o%er,lo error #to$ o, the $ro.r"' (I<< J 1)/ An+ u#er "ntin. to .ener"te #u&h out$ut ,or hi'#el, nee# onl+ "tte'$t to eCe&ute the 2n #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-23 u#in. e,"ult or #'"ller i'en#ionin./ A,ter 'u&h .ener"l in,or'"tion there ill be ,oun the &riti&"l t"ble o, 'ulti$li&itie#/ ro' the ?-23 out$utF TA@ T"ble u'ber 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RA< 'ulti$li&it+ 4 2 0 5 0 0 1 T;R 'ulti$li&it+ 8 0 2 1 3 1 0 Tot"l 'ulti$li&it+ 12 2 2 6 3 1 1 The TA@ t"ble #i*e# th"t ju#t $ro%e to be in"eu"te ereF TA@ T"ble @i*e# 10 40 50 20 20 200 2000

8 6 2 8 100


II. CARD%

TO

+EGIN

A

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DATA

CA%E

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DATA)

"&h ne "t" &"#e th"t i# to be #ol%e 'u#t be.in ith one or 'ore o, the "t" t+$e# e#&ribe in the ,olloin. #ub#e&tion#/ @tru&tur"ll+ there i# "n ineter'in"te nu'ber ($o##ibl+ *ero) o, #$e&i"l-reue#t in$ut# (@e&tion -A) th"t &o'e ,ir#t in "n+ orer (unle## u#".e i&t"te# "n orer ,or the $roble' o, intere#t)/ The 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# o, @e&tion -: ,olloe b+ $o##ible eCten#ion# to the#e &"r# in @e&tion - onl+ &o'e ",ter the l"#t o, "n+ #u&h #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r# o, @e&tion -A/ %pecial-Reuest Cards T@at &recede "iscellaneous Data

ree-,or'"t "t" o$tion# "re u#e,ul ,or #$e&i"l-reue#t in$ut# $"rti&ul"rl+ ,or the u#er ho i# ke+in. "t" %i" " &on%ention"l u'b &o'$uter ter'in"l (on hi&h &olu'n $o#ition i# not intuiti%el+ ob%iou#)/ T"ke the BRO @AB e&l"r"tion o, @e&tion A-16 "# "n eC"'$le/ #in. ,ree ,or'"t " %"li #"'$le &"r i'".e i# "# ,ollo#F BRO @A 10/ 5/0 100/ 0B / %en ,urther "bbre%i"tion i# $o##ible ,or the re"ll+-l"*+ "t" "##e'bler/ R"ther th"n u#in. the ,ull reue#t or "n "&ron+' '"e u$ o, the ,ir#t letter o, e"&h #ub-or &"n be u#e/ n thi# &"#e BRO @AB &"n be "bbre%i"te "# B@B i, e#ire/ All #$e&i"l-reue#t or# "re re&o.ni*e in #u&h "bbre%i"te ,ree,or'"t ,"#hion/

All $o##ible #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r# th"t &oul be re&o.ni*e "t thi# $oint o, !TP "t" in$ut #h"ll no be li#te in "l$h"beti&"l orer ,or e"#e o, lo&"tion/ :e,ore e"&h i# the nu'ber o, the #ub#e&tion (ithin the $re#ent @e&tion -A) th"t &ont"in# "n eC$l"n"tion o, u#".eF 1) 2) 55) 3) 4) 41) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 48) 10) 42) 56) 11) 43) 12) 44) 53) 14) 15) 16) 45) 17) 18) 19) 20) 57) 21) 22)

A:@<T TA@ ?!@@ A:@<T /!/ ?!@@ A@@ !?< :TRA A
"llo&"tion o, #tor".e ,or 8 TA@ t"ble# "llo&"tion o, #tor".e ,or 4 /!/ t"ble# br"n&h &"r# ,or 'ulti-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er #ele&ti%e $rintout in ti'e-#te$ loo$ u#er #u$$lie #our&e#F e#ire to u#e to..le &hoi&e o, intern"l br"n&h n"'in. "%er".e %"lue# ,or !TP out$ut %"ri"ble# &"#e-#e$"r"tion &"r $re&ee# "t" &"#e ti'e the eCtre'" &o'$ut"tion &"n be.in to #i.n"l the en o, #t"&ke "t" &"#e# &"ble #+#te'F &"l&ul"tion o, &on#t"nt# n"'e o, the P! ,ile PARA<<

13) 47) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 49) 54) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 58) 35) 36) 52) 51) 46) 50) 37) 38) 39) 40)

TRI OKA<T :@RK PARA<<< !T AR< 
H02"1

tr"n#,er to netork eui%"lent routine i#$l"+ "n '"n".e &entr"l #t"tu# ,ile &on%ert ol "t" o, Ln to ne ,or'"t# #ki$ b"#e b"#e #olution o, !onte "rlo reue#t ,or $e"k noe or br"n&h %olt".e $o#t$ro&e## B/P<4B $lot ,ile u#in. TA@ &h"n.e the #+n&hronou# $oer ,reuen&+ ,or ith bl"nk# o, ?
!o#t o, the#e (e/./ BAT A!B) "re #el,-&ont"ine #o the eC$l"n"tion th"t ,ollo# ill be &o'$lete/ :ut " ,e re$re#ent reue#t# ,or the tr"n#,er to #e$"r"te #u$$ortin. $ro.r"'# "n ,or the#e reue#t# there ill be re,eren&e# to ,urther eC$l"n"tion "t the b"&k en o, the book/ An eC"'$le o, the l"tter i# BTRI OKA<TB/ A ,in"l $oint i# "bout "bbre%i"tion# hi&h &"n "l"+# be u#e ("lthou.h #u&h u#e i# not en&our".e)/ n "l$h"beti&"l orer &orre#$onin. to the $re&ein. t"bul"tion e h"%eF AT? @ =@  RT? T<

A!? P @ P! R TT

A!: @ H@ TL @ ?

A?P T !@ : @@ @@T

A@ P I PK! @A =

A ?:! < PP @L L

A ? <: P T@ L

:? ?P?
:PK@ P !? R;@ T@<

 R !K RPH T!

Reue#t ,or Ab#olute Allo&"tion o, Tot"l TA@ @tor".e TA@ i# the &ontrol-#+#te' 'oelin. ,e"ture o, @e&tion 8/ Tot"l orkin. #$"&e ,or "ll TA@ t"ble# i# "##i.ne in
The ,ir#t "+ to "llo&"te tot"l TA@ #tor".e i# ith " reue#t ,or "b#olute TA@ t"ble #i*in. (BA:@<T TA@ ?!@@B) ,olloe b+ " &"r .i%in. the e#ire "b#olute #i*e#F

2


1

2

3

4

H02"1

5

6

7

3

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A B S ! L UT E

T A C S

D I M E N S I ! N S

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

LT1

LT2

LT3

LT4

LT5

LT6

LT7

LT8

9 The ,or'"t ,or the #i*e# i# 88 ith the 8 reuire TA@ t"ble #i*e# h"%in. the ,olloin. 'e"nin.F

TA@

+n"'i&

,un&tion

blo&k#

h"%in. <"$l"&e

B BJB)/


&o'$leC e%i&e (the R!@ #en#or T+$e 66 (reuire# i# the ,un"'ent"l ,reuen&+/

H02"1

4

1  ( , > ?

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to e,ine ne TA@ "llo&"tion "b#olutel+/ A:@<T TA@ ?!@@ TA@ t"ble #i*e#/ 10 90 100 20 30  10 90 100 Reue#t ,or Ab#olute Allo&"tion o, Tot"l /!/ @tor".e The uni%er#"l '"&hine (/!/) &o'$onent o, @e&tion = h"# tot"l orkin. #$"&e ,or "ll t"ble# "##i.ne in
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A B S ! L UT E

U .

M .

D I M E N S I ! N S

I8

NCLFIX

I8

NUMFIX

I8

I8

I!TFIX

IBSFIX

10 &arameters

<= (33-40)F !"Ci'u' tot"l nu'ber o, /!/ &oil# in the "t" &"#e/ i# the tot"l ,or "ll /!/ &o'$onent# in%ol%e/

Thi#

!= (41-48)F !"Ci'u' nu'ber o, /!/ &o'$onent# ,or the "t" &"#e/

T= (49-56)F !"Ci'u' nu'ber o, /!/ out$ut u"ntitie# (tot"l ,or "ll '"&hine#)/


:@= (57-64)F !"Ci'u' (tot"l ,or "ll '"&hine#)/

nu'ber

o,

/!/

6-&h"r"&ter

H02"1

"l$h"nu'eri&

5

n"'e#

Pro%ie the tot"l #tor".e re$re#ente b+ thi# u#er reue#t i# le## th"n or eu"l to the
, the u#er ,"il# to in$ut #u&h " reue#t ,or /!/ t"ble #i*in. then the !TP "llo&"te# e,"ult i'en#ion# eu"l to (20 3 50 60) ithin TP o%erl"+ 5/ or &o'$uter# ith 32-bit inte.er# "n 64-bit ,lo"tin.-$oint %"lue# (e/./ A$ollo KA= PR! "n :!) "
nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# the ,our /!/ t"ble #i*e# th"t h"%e been reue#te o, &our#e/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the "##o&i"te out$ut line o, :H!ARI ?-1F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------/!/ t"ble #i*e#/ 20 2 50 60 A:@<T /!/ ?!@@ Reue#t ,or Altern"ti%e ?i".no#ti& Printout o, the Ti'e-@te$
The "ltern"te #et o, $rintout &ontrol $"r"'eter# PR(1F4) i# "uto'"ti&"ll+ initi"li*e to *ero "t the be.innin. o, eCe&ution/ , thi# i# h"t the u#er "nt# " e&l"r"tion o, the $re#ent #e&tion i# not reuire/ Thi# oul be ,or the &o''on u#".e th"t ill be.in ith i".no#ti& $rintout ,or #te$# 0 "n 1 but hi&h h"# no #u&h out$ut there",ter/

n the other h"n i, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ i# to be.in ithout "n+ i".no#ti& $rintout then non*ero PR(I) 'u#t be e,ine b+ the u#er/ Thi# i# one u#in. the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"rF


1

2

3

4

H02"1

5

6

7

6

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A L T E R N A T E

D

I A ' N ! S T I C

 R I N T ! U T

I8

I8

I8

IR1

IR2

IR3

I8

IR4

11 nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# the ,our $rintout &ontrol# th"t h"%e been reue#te o, &our#e/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the "##o&i"te out$ut line o, :H!ARI ?-53F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------?
?e&l"r"tion o, ntention to #e T+$e 1-10 @our&e# An"l+ti&"ll+ A# eC$l"ine in @e&tion K #our&e t+$e# 1 throu.h 10 "re re#er%e ,or ,un&tion# th"t "re ire&tl+ e,ine b+ the u#er/ , one or 'ore #u&h #our&e ,un&tion# i# to be e,ine in RTRA ithin " #$e&i"l u#er-#u$$lie %er#ion o, @:RT AA<T then the ,olloin. #$e&i"l reue#t re&or 'u#t $re&ee in$ut o, the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# ,or the "t" &"#e in ue#tionF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A N A L Y T I C

S ! U R C E S

U S A ' E

12

t i# the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to #ee to it th"t hi# on #$e&i"l @:RT AA<T h"# re$l"&e the ne"r-u''+ 'oule &o'e# ith the TP o, &our#e/ The TP 'oule i# u#e,ul onl+ ,or the "rti,i&i"l illu#tr"tion o, :H!ARI ?-6/

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut e&l"r"tion "$$e"r# "# ,ollo# (note th"t there "re no $"r"'eter %"lue# to be &on,ir'e)F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------#er-#u$$lie @:RT AA<T i# e&l"re/ AA<T @R@ @A;


H02"1

7

Reue#t to A%er".e !TP ut$ut @u&&e##i%e %"lue# o, !TP out$ut %"ri"ble# ill $rintin. "n $lottin. i, the ,olloin. reue#t i# '"eF

1

2

3

4

5

be

6

"%er".e

$rior to

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A ( E R A 'E

! UT  U T

13

The '"the'"ti&# o, the !TP #olution "re not ",,e&teM thi# i# ju#t " '"##".in. o, the "n#er# "t the ti'e "n#er# "re $rinte "nor ritten to the $lot ,ile o, <T4/ :+ "%er".in. i# 'e"nt the "rith'eti& 'e"n o, the &urrent "n the $re&ein. %"ri"ble %"lueF (K-ne N K-ol)  2 /

or #tuie# here !TP out$ut %"ri"ble# "re #'ooth ,un&tion# o, ti'e the BAKRA; TPTB reue#t oul h"%e ne.li.ible e,,e&t "n #houl not be u#e (it ju#t "# " #'"ll error to the "n#er)/ :ut there "re $roble' &"#e# #u&h "# the h"n.in. inu&tor (#ee the to $".e# o, i#&u##ion in @e&tion K "bout BR!ARI@  P; ATB)/ There "re $"tholo.i&"l &"#e# here the tr"$e*oi"l rule .i%e# "n#er# th"t o#&ill"te "roun the true %"lue #o thi# re'e+ 'i.ht #o'eti'e# be u#e,ul/ A# "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-55/


 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to "%er".e (#'ooth) out$ut %"ri"ble#/ AKRA; TPT $tion"l "#e-@e$"r"tion &"r hile not '"n"tor+ it i# .oo $r"&ti&e ,or the !TP u#er to '"ke the %er+ ,ir#t &"r o, e"&h "t" &"#e " #$e&i"l &"#e-#e$"r"tion '"rkerF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

B E 'I N

14

N E W

D A T A

C A S E


H02"1

@ee "n+ #t"n"r te#t &"#e (e/./ :H!ARI ?-18) ,or "n eC"'$le/

or eCe&ution th"t ter'in"te# nor'"ll+ or ,or #in.le-"t"-&"#e #olution# thi# ju#t e#&ribe &"r #er%e# no o$er"tion"l $ur$o#e/ t oe# o, &our#e "$$e"r on the 80-&olu'n in$ut "t" li#tin. ith "$$ro$ri"te inter$ret"tion on the le,t but th"t# "ll/

n the other h"n #houl the !TP e&ie to $re'"turel+ ter'in"te eCe&ution o, " $"rti&ul"r "t"-&"#e #olution (ith "n !TP error 'e##".e) then " &"#e-#e$"r"tion '"rker be&o'e# i'$ort"nt/ The $ro.r"' "uto'"ti&"ll+ #te$# o%er re'"inin. in$ut &"r# i#&"rin. the' one "t " ti'e until it ,in# #u&h " B:;  ?ATA A@B re&or/ At th"t $oint " ne "t" &"#e i# knon to be.in #o the !TP &"n &orre&tl+ re&o%er to #ol%e the ju#t-,oun ,olloin. &"#e/ Thi# i# re,erre to "# !TP error-re&o%er+ &"$"bilit+ urin. eCe&ution in%ol%in. to or 'ore "t" &"#e#/

et #u$$o#e th"t it "# urin. the #olution o, the ,in"l "t" &"#e o, $ro.r"' eCe&ution th"t " ,"t"l !TP error ter'in"tion o&&ur#/ n thi# &"#e there oul be no ,olloin. "t" &"#e #o ,urther #olution# oul not be $o##ible/ To i#tin.ui#h thi# #itu"tion the ,in"l "t" &"#e #houl "l"+# be ,olloe b+ " B:;  ?ATA A@B &"r "n " bl"nk &"r in orer to ter'in"te eCe&ution &le"nl+/ The bl"nk &"r in thi# #itu"tion i# re" "# the #t"rt o, " ne "t" &"#e "n the l"&k o, "n+ ke+in. on it i# re&o.ni*e b+ the !TP "# the en o, "ll "t" &"#e#/ n the "b#en&e o, #u&h u#".e re&o%er+ ,olloin. "n !TP error ill re#ult in the en&ounter o, "n en to in$ut "t" hi&h ill be "&&o'$"nie b+ " #e&on !TP error 'e##".e ('e##+)/

t #houl be e'$h"#i*e th"t B:;  ?ATA A@B &"r# 'u#t be $ro$erl+ $o#itione in the "t" e&kM the+ o not in "n+ "+ "lter the nee ,or bl"nk ter'in"tion &"r# (the ,un&tion o, hi&h i# eC$l"ine in #e&tion -A-8)/ The ientit+ "n ,un&tion o, the#e #$e&i"l &"r# i# re&o.ni*e b+ the !TP in onl+ to $l"&e#F 1/ olloin. "n !TP ,"t"l error #u&h &"r# "re "t&he ,or "# other re&or# o, the in$ut "t" "re i#&"re/ 2/ olloin. nor'"l &o'$letion o, the #olution ,or "n+ $"rti&ul"r "t" &"#e the %er+ ,ir#t non-&o''ent re&or o, the ,olloin. "t" &"#e ill be &he&ke ,or B:;  ?ATA A@B/

An+ other $l"&e'ent o, the#e ke+ &"r# ill .ener"ll+ le" to error ter'in"tion b+ the o$er"tin. #+#te' #in&e the "l$h"nu'eri& teCt ill be e&oe nu'eri&"ll+ (hi&h i# i'$o##ible)/


 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------!"rker &"r $re&ein. ne !TP "t" &"#e/ :;  ?ATA A@ Reue#t ,or ?el"+ in Ctre'" "l&ul"tion

8


H02"1

9

The inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter !A=T (#ee @e&tion -:) $ro%ie# ,or the &"l&ul"tion "n out$ut o, %"ri"ble eCtre'"/ The #"'e %e&tor o, eCtre'" i# u#e ,or B@TAT@T@B "n B@@T!ATB out$ut "# ell/ or'"ll+ eCtre'" "re "nte o%er the ,ull ti'e #$"n o, the #i'ul"tion/ :ut not "l"+#/ There "re &"#e# here one "nt# to i.nore " &ert"in initi"l inter%"l o, the #i'ul"tion onl+ &on#ierin. tr"n#ient# ",ter " &ert"in 'ini'u' ti'e/ or eC"'$le in " B@TAT@T@B #i'ul"tion it i# $o##ible th"t r"no' &lo#in. ill ,ollo the o$enin. o, bre"ker# (the &le"rin. o, " ,"ult) but th"t the $e"k #i'ul"tion %olt".e ill be $rou&e urin. the eter'ini#ti& o$enin. $ortion o, the #i'ul"tion/ , eCtre'" ere &"l&ul"te o%er the entire ti'e #$"n o, the #i'ul"tion e"&h ener.i*"tion oul .ener"te ienti&"l $e"k# hi&h i# u#ele## to the e#i.ner/ @o in thi# &"#e the #olution i# to inhibit the &"l&ul"tion o, eCtre'" until tr"n#ient# o, the o$enin. $h"#e o, eCe&ution h"%e $"##e/ Thi# i# $o##ible u#in. the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r u$on hi&h the be.innin. ti'e :;!A= in #e&on# i# to be ke+e in &olu'n# 33-40F

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

B E ' I N

 E A )

( A L U E

S E A R C H

E8.0

BE'MAX

15 or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-48/

@o 'u&h ,or the #i'$le#t $o##ible &"#e here "n initi"l ti'e #$"n i# #i'$l+ i.nore in the eCtre'" &"l&ul"tion/ :ut 'ore &o'$leC ti'e r"n.e# "re $o##ible i, the "bo%e :;!A= i# .i%en " %"lue o, B-1/0B/ n thi# &"#e "n eCtr" &"r i# to ,ollo u$on hi&h 'onotone in&re"#in. ti'e# T1 T2 et&/ "re to be ke+eF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1$* +"*%,-/

E8.0

T1

2"& +"*%,-/

E8.0

T2

3,& +"*%,-/

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

T3

T4

T5

4* +"*%,-/

E8.0

T6

5* +"*%,-/

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

T7

T8

T9

T10

16 n thi# &"#e eCtre'" "re to be &"l&ul"te onl+ ,or tho#e $ortion# o, the #i'ul"tion th"t inter#e&t the #ub-inter%"l# o, ti'e (T1 T2) (T3 T4) et&/ Pre#ent i'en#ionin. o, thi# ,e"ture h"# been li'ite to the #in.le &"r o, ,i%e #ubinter%"l# "# #hon/ n &"#e ,eer th"n thi# '"Ci'u' "re "&tu"ll+ e#ire the 4 or ,eer $"ir# #houl be ,olloe b+ " %er+ l"r.e ti'e th"t ill ne%er be re"&heF the be.innin. ti'e o, " bounin. #ubinter%"l/


H02"1

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# the #t"rtin. ti'e :;!A= o, the #e"r&h ,or eCtre'" i, thi# i# $o#iti%e (the #i'$le &"#e)/ #in. :H!ARI ?-53 "# "n illu#tr"tionF  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Ctre'" lookout be.in# "t t J 5/2500-01 #e&/ :; PAI KA< @ARH

n the other h"n i, :;!A= J -1/0 then the 'ore &o'$li&"te 2-&"r in$ut i# in%ol%e/ :H!ARI ?-53 $ro%ie# "n illu#tr"tion o, #u&h u#".eF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Ctre'" lookout be.in# "t t J -1/0000N00 #e&/:; PAI KA< @ARH (T1T2)F 5/00-01 1/50N00 2/50N00 3/50N00  0/5 1/5 2/5 :l"nk "r to Ter'in"te !TP Ce&ution The tr"ition"l ter'in"tion $ro&eure ,or the #olution o, " i#k ,ile th"t &ont"in# one or 'ore #t"&ke "t" &"#e# i# to h"%e the ,ir#t &"r o, the ,olloin. (non-eCi#tent) "t" &"#e &o'$letel+ bl"nk/ The u#e o, B:
n orer to $rote&t "."in#t ter'in"tion b+ the o$er"tin. #+#te' ",ter "n !TP error #to$ the ju#t-'entione ,in"l bl"nk &"r #houl "l"+# be $re&ee b+ " B:;  ?ATA A@B &"r/ Thi# i# "# $er @e&tion A-6/

Thi# "# the #itu"tion ,or +e"r# "n +e"r# "n it re'"in# .oo $r"&ti&e to"+/ et the bl"nk ter'in"tin. &"r "t the en .ener"ll+ ill not be re"/ , ,eer th"n 5 "t" &"r# re'"in hen the ,in"l B:;  ?ATA A@B &"r i# en&ountere the $ro.r"' no i# #'"rt enou.h to re"li*e th"t "t" i# one #o it i''ei"tel+ rei##ue# the o$enin. $ro'$t (B!TP be.in#/ @en ///B)/ Thi# #"%e# " little out$ut/ "l&ul"tion o, P"r"'eter# o, !ulti-Ph"#e o"Ci"l "ble# The &"l&ul"tion o, $"r"'eter# ,or 'ulti-$h"#e &o"Ci"l &"ble# i# i#ol"te in " #e$"r"te TP o%erl"+/ t i# re"ll+ " #e$"r"te #el,-&ont"ine $ro.r"' "n "ll u#".e i# e#&ribe in the #e$"r"te @e&tion ==/ To tr"n#,er to th"t #e$"r"te $ro.r"' the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# u#eF

10


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H02"1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C A B L E

C ! N S T A N T S

I8

) T R L SW 3 

17

or'"ll+ onl+ the reue#t or i# reuire (le"%e &olu'n# 16 on"r bl"nk)/ or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-27 or ?-28/

The $"r"'eter ITR<@(3) o, &olu'n# 49-56 i# o$tion"l/ t i# u#e to 'oi,+ the nu'ber o, &onu&tor# $er @ (#in.le &ore) &o"Ci"l &"ble ithin the 'e'or+ $"rt re#er%e ,or A:< @TAT@ $"r"'eter# ("# eC$l"ine ne"r the to$ o, !A27)/ A# " rule o, thu'b ,olloin. eu"tion i# %"liF r"tio J \&onu&tor#@ &"ble J 2 N ITR<@(3) , &our#e thi# i'$lie# ITR<@(3) X -2/ olloin. t"ble "# eri%e ,or 0/85 ti'e# e,"ult i'en#ionin./ ITR<@(3) -2 -2 0 1 2

\@ 92 42 22 15 11

\&onu&tor# 0 42 45 46 47

r"tio 0 1 2 3 4

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# the u#u"ll+ bl"nk (*ero) %"lue o, ITR<@/ #in. :H!ARI ?-27 "# "n illu#tr"tionF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------in $"r"'eter# o, &"ble#/ T+$e J 0/ A:< @TAT@ Reue#t to h"n.e the reuen&+ o, Ti'e-@te$

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H02"1

5

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12

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C H A N ' E

 R I N T ! U T

F RE U E N C Y

18

1

2

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5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1$* "%

I8

)CH'

2"& "%

I8

MULT

I8

)CH'

3,& "%

I8

MULT

I8

)CH'

4* "%

I8

MULT

I8

)CH'

5* "%

I8

MULT

I8

)CH'

I8

MULT

19

The nu'eri& &"r #$e&i,ie# "t hi&h ti'e #te$# the $rintout ,reuen&+ i# to be &h"n.e "n to h"t %"lue# the ,reuen&+ i# to be &h"n.e/ $ to ,i%e $"ir# o, the#e (IH; !
IH;(I)F The ti'e #te$ nu'ber "t hi&h the I-th %"ri"tion o, $rintout ,reuen&+ i# to be.in/ Printout ,or thi# $"rti&ul"r #te$ nu'ber i# "l"+# $ro%ie "# " be.innin. to the ne ,reuen&+ o, out$ut/

!
, " 'inu# #i.n i# "$$ene to !
PR@K(16F19) o, @e&tion A-12 (" B?A;@TB reue#t)M PR(1F4) o, @e&tion A-3 (BA
, there i# no 'inu# #i.n there ill be no &h"n.e in #t"tu# o, the i".no#ti& $rintout "t the "##o&i"te ti'e #te$/ An+ 'inu# #i.n# "re 'erel+ eCtr" ,l".#/ The "b#olute %"lue o, !
ote th"t the $re#ent u#".e i# 'ore .ener"l th"n th"t o, @e&tion -/ The eCten#ion to the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# $o##ible onl+ i, inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter P i# .i%en " %"lue o, 'inu# one (&olu'n# 41-48)/ :ut P "l#o h"# 'e"nin. hen it i# $o#iti%e "# " reue#t ,or the ke+in. o, ter'in"l &onition#/ The u#er 'i.ht "nt to o both o, the#e o$er"tion# in the #"'e "t" &"#e hi&h be,ore "# i'$o##ible (#in&e %"ri"ble P &oul not be


H02"1

13

both ne."ti%e "n $o#iti%e "t the #"'e ti'e)/ Another "%"nt".e i# &l"rit+ #in&e the $re#ent #tru&ture i# &le"rl+ l"bele b+ the #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r/

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# onl+ the ,ir#t three o, the ,i%e $"ir# o, inte.er# th"t "re e,ine/ An illu#tr"tion i# $ro%ie b+ :H!ARI ?48F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t $re&ein. 5 $rintout nu'ber $"ir#/ HA; PRTT RO Printout F 5 5 10 10 0 0  5 5 10 Reue#t ,or on-@t"n"r Pre&i#on o, Plot ile ?"t" @tor".e The u#er ill nor'"ll+ e'$lo+ h"te%er $re&i#ion o, $lot ,ile "t" h"# been e&ie u$on b+ Pro.r"' !"inten"n&e ,or hi# &o'$uter #+#te' "n not think ,urther "bout the ue#tion/ or $lottin. onl+ hi&h reuire# lo-"&&ur"&+ "n+ &o'$uter $re&i#ion #houl be "eu"te #o the u#er nee ne%er orr+/ :ut there '"+ be 'ore &on&ern ,or other u#e# o, the $lot ,ile "t" #u&h "# BP@TPR@@ P<T <B (here $lot ,ile %"ri"ble# be&o'e TA@ #our&e# o, " #ub#euent #i'ul"tion) or BRR B (to reue#t ourier #erie# e&o'$o#ition o, " $lot ,ile %"ri"ble)/ n #u&h &"#e# ,ull !TP #olution $re&i#ion '"+ be e#ire/ or tho#e &o'$uter# th"t #tore out$ut %"ri"ble# ith reu&e (t+$i&"ll+ h"l,) $re&i#ion " #$e&i"l reue#t (the B@T! P<T <B reue#t illu#tr"te belo) i# reuire to o%errie the e,"ult e&i#ion ,"%orin. reu&e $re&i#ion/ t "l#o i# &on&ei%"ble th"t #o'e u#er 'i.ht #o'eti'e "nt to e&re"#e the $re&i#ion o, hi# $lot "t" $oint #tor".e "lthou.h #u&h u#".e i# $rob"bl+ 'u&h le## &o''on/ A&tu"ll+ the e&l"r"tion to..le# the &hoi&e o, $lot ,ile $re&i#ion #o &"n be u#e ,or either o$er"tionF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C U S T ! M

 L ! T

F I L E

20

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut e&l"r"tion "$$e"r# "# ,ollo# illu#tr"tion the &h"n.e "# ,ro' #in.le $re&i#ion (!4P<T J 2) $re&i#ion (!4P<T J 0)F

(,or thi# to ouble

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------To..le &hoi&e o, i#k $lot ,ile/ !4P<T J 0/ @T! P<T < Reue#t ,or @ele&ti%e ?i".no#ti& Printout nte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter PR@P (#ee @e&tion -:) ill turn i".no#ti& $rintout on or o,, irre#$e&ti%e o, the lo&"tion o, th"t $rintout ithin the $ro.r"'/ Th"t i# either "ll i".no#ti& out$ut i# turne on or "ll i# turne o,, "t " &ert"in thre#hol le%el/ , $o#iti%e PR@P ill o%errie the #ele&ti%e $rintout reue#t o, thi# $re#ent #e&tion/


H02"1

14

:ut i, PR@P i# to be ke+e *ero or bl"nk then the !TP i".no#ti& $rintout &"n be &ontrolle o%erl"+ b+ o%erl"+ o, the TP/ A #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r be"rin. the ke+ or B?A;@TB in &olu'n# 1-10 i# u#e in thi# &"#e ,olloe b+ 10 bl"nk# ,olloe b+ %"lue# ,or e"&h o, the 29 o%erl"+# "# 292 in,or'"tionF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

D

I A ' N ! S T

I C

I 2

I 2

I 2

!-%,/ "#%,

1

2

3

I 2 I 2

4

5

I 2

I 2

I 2

6

7

8

I 2

I 2 I 2 I 2

I 2

I 2

I 2

I 2 I 2

I 2

I 2

I 2

I 2 I 2

I 2 I 2 I 2 I 2 I 2

I 2 I 2

9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 22 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9

21

n the #ele&tion o, the#e i".no#ti& out$ut &oe# #$e&i"l &"re #houl "l"+# be t"ken ith re."r to the ti'e-#te$ loo$ o, o%erl"+# 16-19/ Re'e'ber th"t i".no#ti& out$ut &"n be .ener"te ,or e"&h ti'e #te$ #o be"re o, the ter'in"tion ti'e T!A= in rel"tion to the #te$-#i*e ?
1F 2F 3F 4F 5F 6F 7F

@$e&i"l-reue#t &"r# 'i#&ell"neou# "t" nl+ TA@ "t" in$ut :r"n&h in$ut @it&h (in&luin. ioe#%"l%e#) in$ut @our&e (in&luin. @/!/ "n /!/) in$ut etork &onne&ti%it+ oe renu'berin.

, i".no#ti& $rintout i# bein. turne o,, "n on "# " ,un&tion o, ti'e (#ee @e&tion 1/1b ith " 'inu# #i.n on !
"#e 1/ , the u#er "nt# to #t"rt ith no i".no#ti& (i/e/ ,or ti'e #te$# *ero or one) then PR@K(16F19) #houl "ll be *ero "n the BA
"#e 2/ , the u#er "nt# to #t"rt ith i".no#ti& (@te$ *ero) then PR@K(16F19 #houl not "ll be *ero/ n thi# &"#e no BA

H02"1

15

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# onl+ the ,ir#t 12 o, the 29 inte.er# th"t "re e,ine/ An illu#tr"tion i# $ro%ie b+ :H!ARI ?PRT-5F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------?ebu. $rint/ 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 ?A;@T 0 9


H02"1

16

"l&ul"tion o, on#t"nt-P"r"'eter URU< etork ui%"lent The &"l&ul"tion o, &ou$le URU< br"n&he# to re$re#ent $"rt# o, the netork th"t "re not to be 'oele eC$li&itl+ i# one b+ " #e$"r"te #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' n"'e BTOKB/ n#tru&tion# ,or the u#".e o, thi# utilit+ "re &o%ere in @e&tion ==K/ To tr"n#,er to th"t #e$"r"te $ro.r"' the ,olloin. #$e&i"lreue#t &"r i# u#eF

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N E T W! R )

E  U I ( A L E N T

E8.0

I!FBND

22

:? o, &olu'n# 33-40 i# o$tion"l "n nor'"ll+ ill be le,t bl"nk/ , " %"lue i# ke+e it i# t"ken to be the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, bu##e# th"t "re "lloe/ , o'itte the !TP ill i'en#ion t"ble# o, the #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' "# l"r.e "# $o##ible (ithin "%"il"ble orkin. #$"&e o, o%erl"+ 28 (28:01)/ @in&e the #$"r#it+ i".r"' (hi&h #ho# non*ero ter'# o, the "&obi"n) &"n onl+ be $rou&e i, there i# eCtr" #tor".e thi# i".r"' ill onl+ be #een i, " $o#iti%e :? i# ke+e "n i, thi# $o#iti%e %"lue le"%e# #u,,i&ient eCtr" orkin. #$"&e ,or the #$"r#it+ i".r"'/ nter$ret"tion o, the reue#t &"r &on,ir'# the %"lue o, illu#tr"tion i# $ro%ie b+ the #e&on #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-14F

:?/

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------on#t"nt-R< .ener"tor eui%"lent/ :? J 11/ TRI OKA<T 11

An

Rulebook ATP

(internet junio e 1996)

h02"2

1

.Callin/ o$ Installation-Dependent "odule "IDO6'

The $rin&i$"l in#t"ll"tion-e$enent 'oule th"t i# &"lle "t the #t"rt o, eCe&ution o, e"&h "t" &"#e i# B@@?PB/ :ut there on&e "# "nother #u&h 'oule in o%erl"+ 1 " ,or'er @:RT th"t h"# #in&e been &on%erte to " #$e&i"l o$tion"l lo.i& br"n&h ithin B@@?PB/ Thi# &"n be u#e ,or "n+ ne&e##"r+ initi"li*"tion th"t i# $o##ible onl+ ",ter 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# h"%e been re" ,or tho#e &o'$uter #+#te'# th"t reuire #u&h #$e&i"l tre"t'ent/ The reue#t ,or #u&h #$e&i"l initi"li*"tion (ori.in"ll+ "##o&i"te ith ,ile o$enin. "n &lo#in.) i# #hon i''ei"tel+ belo/ :ut o not u#e thi# ithout the knole.e "n "$$ro%"l o, Pro.r"' !"inten"n&e/ t ill re#ult in eCe&ution o, the #t"te'ent A<< @@?P hi&h &oul be i#"#terou# ,or tho#e &o'$uter #+#te'# th"t o not h"%e "ltern"te lo.i& to inter&e$t #u&h "%"n&e u#".e/

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F I L E

R E  U E S T

23 nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut e&l"r"tion then "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t ,or BA<< !?K1B eCe&ution/ < RO@T . Declaration o$ Intention to se E"T& 4oad !lo;

!TP lo" ,lo &"$"bilit+ i# "##o&i"te ith #$e&i"l "t" &"r# th"t "re to ,ollo the bl"nk &"r enin. #our&e# "# eC$l"ine in @e&tion =/ :ut #u&h ob#er%"tion o, $oer &on#tr"int# i# o$tion"l/ , #u&h "t" i# to be re" "t the "$$ro$ri"te ti'e "n $l"&e the !TP 'u#t kno o, it# eCi#ten&e/ The u#er e&l"re# #u&h eCi#ten&e b+ 'e"n# o, the ,olloin. reue#t &"rF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

F

I X

S !U R C E

24 or eC"'$le# o, #u&h u#".e #ee the #t"n"r te#t &"#e# :H!ARI ?-25 "n ?26/ nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut e&l"r"tion then "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

  

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rulebook ATP


?e&l"r"tion o, e#ire !TP lo" ,lo u#".e/

h02"2

= @R

2

S ?e&l"re

. Declaration o$ Intention to se !REENC %CAN

The BRO @AB ,e"ture (&,r/ ?-51) o, the !TP "llo# ,or the re$etition o, #te"+-#t"te $h"#or #olution# (#o be #ure to $ut T!A= J 0 ?
!".nitue >>>  > >  > >  > > >>> >  >  >  >  > N----------------------N---------- -------------------X ------X reuen&+

An.le  > >  >  >  >  >  > > > >  N------------------------N------------ ----------------X ---X reuen&+

@houl @houl the u#er e#ire #u&h 'ulti$le 'ulti$le #te"+-# #te"+-#t"te t"te $h"#or #olution #olution# # then the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r 'u#t $re&ee the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r#F

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F R E  U E N C Y

S C A N

E8.0

FM IN FS

E8.0

DE LFFS

E8.0

FM AXFS

I8

ND

25 &arameters

!@ o, &ol#/ 25-32F the be.innin. ('ini'u') ('ini'u') ,reuen&+ o, the #&"n in UHert*/ Thi# 'u#t be " $o#iti%e nu'ber/

?<@ o, &ol#/ 33-40F the ,reuen&+ in&re'ent beteen #u&&e##i%e #olution# o, the #&"n #&"n i, the u#er "nt# "nt# uni,or' uni,or' ("# o$$o#e o$$o#e  to lo."rith'i lo."rith'i&) &) #$"&in./ #$"&in./ or lo."rith'i& #$"&in. thi# ,iel #houl be le,t bl"nk/

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

3

!A=@ o, &ol#/ 41-48F the enin. ('"Ci'u') ,reuen&+ o, the #&"n in UHert*/ Thi# 'u#t be .re"ter th"n or eu"l to !@ o, &our#e/ &our#e/ The #olution loo$ ill en ith the l"#t ,reuen&+ th"t oe# not eC&ee thi# u$$er li'it/

P? o, &ol#/ 49-56 i# u#e onl+ ,or .eo'etri& or lo."rith'i& #$"&in. "# o$$o#e to uni,or uni,or' ' or "rith'e "rith'eti& ti& #$"&in #$"&in. . o, the ,reuen ,reuen&+ &+ $oint#/ $oint#/ or .eo'et .eo'etri& ri& or lo."ri lo."rith' th'i& i& #$"&in #$"&in. . $ro%i $ro%ie e "n inte. inte.er er %"lue %"lue ,or the nu'ber nu'ber o, $oint# $oint# $er ,reuen&+ e&"e/ e&"e/ @u&&e##i%e ,reuen&+ ,reuen&+ $oint# $oint# then ill ill be rel"te b+F (,(kN1)  ,(k)) >> P? J 10/

@$e&i"l "ttention "ttention #houl #houl be $"i to inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter $"r"'eter I@@T hen u#in. u#in. the the BRO BRO  @AB @AB o$tion o$tion/ / @ee the @e&ti @e&tion on -: -: e,in e,initio ition/ n/ , $un&he ith unit+ the ,ull $h"#or br"n&h ,lo "n inje&tion out$ut ill re#ult ,or e"&h #olution #olution ,reuen&+ ,reuen&+ o, the #&"n/ Thi# &oul $rou&e $rou&e l"r.e l"r.e u"ntitie# o, $rinte $rinte  out$ut out$ut  i, the nu'ber nu'ber o, ,reue ,reuen&+ n&+ $oint# $oint# i# l"r.e/ l"r.e/ ther ther $o#iti% $o#iti%e e %"lue# %"lue# o, I@@T I@@T ill ill $rou $rou&e &e "i "itio tion"l n"l $h"#or $h"#or out$ut out$ut  onl+ onl+ in in #'"ll #'"ller er u"ntit+/ Hen&e be &"re,ul o, $o#iti%e I@@T/

C&e$t C&e$t ,or the ju#t-'e ju#t-'entio ntione ne ,ull ,ull br"n&h-,lo br"n&h-,lo  "n inje&tion inje&tion $rintou $rintout t onl+ noe-%olt".e noe-%olt".e out$ut i# $re#entl+ "%"il"ble ,or BRO @AB #olution#/ The noe %olt".e %olt".e out$ut reue#t ,or'"t ,or'"t i# eC$l"ine in in &h"$ter =/ An+ reue#t reue#t to out$ut br"n&h or #it&h %"ri"ble# (%olt".e i,,eren&e# br"n&h &urrent# $oer# "n ener.ie#) ener.ie#) or TA@ %"ri"ble# %"ri"ble# ill ill be i#re."re i#re."re in RO RO @A @A 'oe/ oe oe %olt %olt". ".e# e# "re "re out$ out$ut utte te  in both both $ol" $ol"r r ('". ('".ni nitu tue e  "n.l "n.le e in e.r e.ree ee#) #) "n "n re&t"n.ul"r (re"l i'".in"r+) ,or'#/

The inu&tio inu&tion n ("#+n&hro ("#+n&hronou# nou#) ) "ltern"ti% "ltern"ti%e e o, the /!/ #houl #houl not be u#e ith ith BRO BRO  @AB @AB unle## unle## it i# knon knon th"t in#t"ll" in#t"ll"tion tion-e$ -e$ene enent nt @:RT @:RT  P
'".F<A? "n.leF<A? '".F!? "n.leF?! '".FTRA "n.leFTRA '".FR "n.leFR '".F re"lF<A? i'".F<A? re"lF!? i'".F?! re"lFTRA i'".FTRA re"lFR i'".FR re"lF -----

"n.leF!?

'".F?!

i'".F!?

re"lF?!

ut$ut %e&tor ,or #te$ nu'ber 1/ reuen&+ J 6/00000000N01 H*/ 1/0000 1/0000000 000N0 N02 2 0/0000 0/0000000 000N0 N00 0 9/3571 9/3571522 522-0 -01 1 -2/065 -2/065599 5997N 7N01 01 0/0000000N00 0/0000000N00 9/3571522-01 -2/0655997N01 9/3571522N01 -2/0655997N01 1/0000 1/0000000 000N0 N02 2 0/0000 0/0000000 000N0 N00 0 8/7556 8/7556297 297-0 -01 1 -3/300 -3/300794 79466-01 01 0/0000000N00 0/0000000N00 8/7556297-01 -3/3007946-01 8/7556297N01 -3/3007946N01

Rulebook ATP


To$ BTAP@AKB/ HA J 8 Tot"l netork lo## P-lo##

b+ #u''in. inje&tion# J

h02"2

4

3/991500107967N03

-----

ut$ut %e&tor ,or #te$ nu'ber 2/ reuen&+ J 8/00000000N01 H*/ 1/0000 1/0000000 000N0 N02 2 0/0000 0/0000000 000N0 N00 0 8/9347 8/9347637 637-0 -01 1 -2/668 -2/668661 6610N 0N01 01 0/0000000N00 0/0000000N00 8/9347637-01 -2/6686610N01 8/9347637N01 -2/6686610N01 1/0000 1/0000000 000N0 N02 2 0/0000 0/0000000 000N0 N00 0 7/9830 7/9830002 002-0 -01 1 -4/012 -4/012693 69366-01 01 0/0000000N00 0/0000000N00 7/9830002-01 -4/0126936-01 7/9830002N01 -4/0126936N01 To$ BTAP@AKB/ HA J 8 Tot"l netork lo## P-lo## b+ #u''in. inje&tion# J 3/584784001624N03

Thi# out$ut i# eCtr"&te eCtr"&te ,ro' " 'oi,ie %er#ion %er#ion o, :H!ARI ?-51/ ne eCtr" noe B?!!B B?!!B "# "# "e to $rou& $rou&e e 'ore out$ut out$ut thereb+ thereb+ &le"rl+ &le"rl+ #hoin. #hoin. the the boun" boun"r+ r+ beteen beteen the $ol"r $ol"r "n the re&t"n. re&t"n.ul" ul"r r out$ut#/ out$ut#/ The ,in"l ,in"l line o, he"in he"in. . (be,or (be,ore e the #te$-1 #te$-1 out$ut out$ut) ) #ho# #ho# th"t th"t there there "re ,i%e ,i%e &o'$le &o'$leC C out$ut out$ut u"ntitie# or 10 nu'ber# tot"l in both the $ol"r out$ut "n the re&t"n.ul"r out$ut/

Al#o ,or $lottin. onl+ noe %olt".e out$ut &"n be reue#te "lthou.h "ll out$ut %"ri"ble# "re "re &on#iere &on#iere to be o, o, t+$e B9B (br"n&h &urrent#)/ &urrent#)/ ne $"ir o, o, n"'e# i# "##o&i"te "##o&i"te ith e"&h noe n"'e/ @u$$o#e th"t th"t ?A! i# the n"'e o, the the noe %olt".e %olt".e hi&h hi&h i# o, i''ei"te i''ei"te intere#t/ intere#t/ The &orre#$ &orre#$oni onin. n. $"ir o, n"'e# n"'e# then #houl be one o, the ,olloin.F (?A! (?A! (?A! (?A!

'".) ---"n.) ---re"l) --i'".) ---

,or ,or ,or ,or

the the the the

'".nitue o, noe %olt".e ?A!M "##o&i"te "n.le in e.ree#/ re"l $"rt o, noe %olt".e ?A!M "##o&i"te i'".in"r+ $"rt/

@u&h $lottin. i# illu#tr"te b+ :H!ARI ?-51 here &h"r"&ter $lot# o, both $ol"r $ol"r "n "n re&t re&t"n. "n.ul" ul"r r u"nt u"ntiti itie# e# "re "re illu illu#tr #tr"te "te/ / or e"#+ e"#+ re,er re,eren& en&e e  re$rou&e the the to $lot &"r# o, th"t th"t "t" &"#e/ &"#e/ All $lottin. $lottin. i# ,or #te"+-#t"te #te"+-#t"te noe %olt".e &o'$onent# %er#u# ,reuen&+ "t noe BR B F

 1 2 3 4 5  34567890123456789012345 3456789012345678901234567890123456 67890123456789012345678 78901234567890 90  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PRTR P<T 19630/ 60/150/ R '". R "n.le 19630/ 60/150/ R re"l R i'". :
or et"il# re."rin. the &"r ,or'"t o, thi# $lot &"r $le"#e &on#ult #e&tion =K-A-3/

An eCtr"&t o, the &orre#$onin. $rinter $lot out$ut look# "# ,ollo#F

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

Reue#t ,or &h"r"&ter (line $rinter) $lottin./  PRTR P<T XX Plot &"r/ 3/000N01 6/000N01 1/500N02  19630/ 60/150/ '". R "n.le S ACi# li'it#F (-4/134 9/357) 22-un-88 10/33/56 1 Plot t+$e 9 oe n"'e# R !A; Ti'e-"Ci# le.en F reuen&+

,

5

R

R A;< in Hert* (

C 10>>( 1) 2/093

) 3/131

-4/134 -4/134 -3/096 -2/058 -1/020 0/017 1/055 4/168 5/206 6/244 7/282 8/319 9/357 N---------N---------N---------N---------N---------N---------N---------N--------N---------N---------N---------N---------N---------N :  A    :  A  90/   :  A    :  A    :  A n o, .r"$h/

Hoe%er i, the u#er nee# br"n&h &urrent# or %olt".e i,,eren&e# r"ther th"n noe %olt".e# he i# "%i&e to " one or 'ore 'e"#urin. tr"n#,or'er# ,or thi# $ur$o#e $ur$o#e (#ee @e&tion @e&tion K-)/ K-)/ A 2-inin. 2-inin. tr"n#,or'e tr"n#,or'er r th"t r"# no '".neti*in. '".neti*in. &urrent "n th"t h"# #'"ll le"k".e i'$e"n&e oul be "$$ro$ri"te to in#ure "&&ur"te 'e"#ure'ent (ju#t "# in the re"l orl o, in#tru'ent"tion)/ - or " %olt".e i,,eren&e i,,eren&e beteen :@I "n :@! ,olloin. #&he'e &oul be u#eF

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

6

BUS) 1 1

"%*:;,<

()M

BUSM

26 The $ri'"r+ o, the tr"n#,or'er #houl be &onne&te "&ro## the to e#ire noe#/ The turn r"tio r"tio #houl be unit+/ The #e&on"r+ #e&on"r+ #houl h"%e one .roune .roune ter'in"l/ ter'in"l/ The The o$en o$en &ir& &ir&ui uit t ter' ter'in in"l "l %olt %olt". ".e e KI! KI! then then i# " 'e"# 'e"#ur ure e ,or ,or the the %olt %olt". ".e e i,,eren&e/

- or " br"n&h &urrent in " re#i#tor R beteen noe# :@I "n :@! ,olloin. #&he'e &oul be u#eF

BUS) R91

I)M

R

BUSM BUSM

27

The $ri'"r+ o, the tr"n#,or'er #houl be &onne&te "&ro## the re#i#tor ith %"lue R/ The turn r"tio #houl be RF1/ The #e&on"r+ #houl h"%e one .roune ter'in ter'in"l/ "l/ The o$en o$en &ir&uit &ir&uit ter'in" ter'in"l l %olt".e %olt".e I! then i# " 'e"#ur 'e"#ure e ,or the &urrent ,loin. in the re#i#tor R/

, $h"#or br"n&h-U "t" i# bein. u#e ith BRO @AB (#ee @e&tion K) then the u#er 'u#t &onne&t &onne&t the ,ile o, #u&h "t" to  &h"nnel &h"nnel <T8 <T8 u#in. u#in. DP/ DP/ The ,or'"t ,or'"t o, "t" "t" i# #i'$le #i'$le enou.h enou.h/ / ?"t" ?"t" i# orere orere  ith ith in&re"#in. ,reuen&+/ There 'u#t be one one #et o, $h"#or br"n&h-U "t" ,or e"&h ,reuen&+ o, the BRO @AB/ "&h #u&h "t" #et &on#i#t# o, " #in.le "rbitr"r "rbitr"r+ + &o''ent &o''ent line ,olloe ,olloe b+ U --- ,or e"&h e"&h br"n&h #o re$re#en re$re#ente te in orer orer o, br"n&h br"n&h in$ut/ in$ut/ @in&e @in&e U i# #+''etri #+''etri& & onl+ the loerloer-tri tri"n. "n.le le i# in$utt in$utte/ e/ u'eri u'eri&"l &"l "t" "t" i# orer orere e "# "# ,or the the U U in$ut in$ut o, @e&t @e&tion ion K- K-  "lthou.h "lthou.h 'ore $re&i#io $re&i#ion n i# "llo "lloeF eF u#e u#e R!AT R!AT ( 420/ 420/0 0 )/ o noe noe n"'e# n"'e# "re "re u#e u#e note #in&e #in&e the#e "re "re "lre"+ "lre"+ knon knon u#t #u$$l+ #u$$l+ the the (;:) $"ir# $"ir# u$ to to $er &"r/ &"r/ ?"t" ?"t" i# in$utt in$utte e b+ b+ ro# ro# o, o, the the loer loer tri"n. tri"n.le le (u$ (u$ to "n "n in&luin. the the i".on"l) i".on"l) ith "t" "t" ,or e"&h ro be.innin. be.innin. on " ne &"r/ Re"er# h"%in. "&&e## to RTRA &"n #e"r&h ,or <T8 u#".e ithin @:RT @:R10/

Rulebook ATP

nter$ret"tion o, e&l"r"tion/ A# :H!ARI ?-51F


h02"2

the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# the ,our in$ut "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the "##o&i"te

7

nu'ber# on the out$ut line o,

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  -------------------------------------------------------------------------#&"n/ 6/000N01 2/000N01 1/300N02 0 RO @A 60/ 20/ . !reuenc#-Dependent Representation o$ Over@ead 4ines

n orer to re$re#ent o%erhe" tr"n#'i##ion line# ith ,reuen&+-e$enent $"r"'eter# "n " &on#t"nt tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC "# reuire b+ @e&tion K-?-3 re&our#e i# '"e to " #e$"r"te #u$$ortin. $ro.r"'/ n#tru&tion# ,or the u#".e o, thi# #e$"r"te $ro.r"' "re &ont"ine in @e&tion =K/ The tr"n#,er to thi# #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' i# "&&o'$li#he b+ the ,olloin. reue#tF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

= M A R T I

S E T U 

E8.0

DT0

28

K"ri"ble P?T0 o, &olu'n# 33-40 h"# the #"'e 'e"nin. "# the $"r"'eter o, &olu'n# 33-38 o, ,reuen&+-e$enent br"n&h &"r# o, @e&tion K-?-3/ n ,"&t the $"r"'eter i# not "&tu"ll+ u#e b+ the ,itter but i# 'erel+ $"##e "lon. ,ro' the e&l"r"tion &"r ju#t #hon to "n+ br"n&h &"r# th"t l"ter "re to be $un&he/ Thi# i# no i,,erent th"n ,or noe n"'e# o, " B:RAHB reue#t onl+ here the reue#t &o'e# e"rlier out#ie the #u$$ortin. $ro.r"'/

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-3/ nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut e&l"r"tion then &on,ir'# the in$ut $"r"'eter "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------o#e !"rti]# line ,itter/ P?T0 J 1/0 !ART @TP 1/0

. Reuest $or t@e &rintin/ o$ !atal E"T& Error "essa/es

t #o'eti'e# i# h"n+ to be "ble to .ener"te the teCt o, "n+ $"rti&ul"r ,"t"l !TP error 'e##".e (or BI<< &oeB) ithout "&tu"ll+ bein. obli.e to #et u$ " "t" &"#e th"t ill #o ter'in"te erroneou#l+ urin. eCe&ution/ Thi# i# $o##ible u#in. the reue#tF

Rulebook ATP 1

2

(internet junio e 1996) 3

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29 Here I<<1 (&olu'n# 33-40) "n I<<2 (&olu'n# 41-48) "re the be.innin. "n enin. nu'ber# o, the &on#e&uti%e error 'e##".e# th"t "re to be $rinte/ , ne&e##it+ I<<2 'u#t not be le## th"n I<<1/

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

9

The 'o#t &o''on u#".e o, thi# ,e"ture ill be on "n i'$ro'$tu b"#i# hi&h #u..e#t# inter"&ti%e in$ut ,olloin. the BIB re#$on#e to the o$enin. $ro'$t o, the $ro.r"'/

nter$ret"tion o, the in$ut "t" &on,ir'# the be.innin. "n enin. ini&e# o, the error 'e##".e#/ An illu#tr"tion h"# been $l"&e "t the en o, :H!ARI ?-13 re#ultin. in the out$utF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Te#t out$ut o, error 'e##".e# 13 throu.h 14 I<< ?@ 13 14 . Calculation o$ &arameters o$ Over@ead Transmission 4ines

The &"l&ul"tion o, $"r"'eter# ,or o%erhe" tr"n#'i##ion line# i# i#ol"te in " #e$"r"te TP o%erl"+/ t re"ll+ i# " #e$"r"te #el,-&ont"ine $ro.r"' "n "ll u#".e i# e#&ribe in the #e$"r"te @e&tion ==/ To tr"n#,er to th"t #e$"r"te $ro.r"' the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# u#eF

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30 or eC"'$le# o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-29 or ?-59/ The l"tter o, the#e $ro%ie# "n illu#tr"tion o, inter$ret"tion hi&h i# "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------o'$ute o%erhe" line &on#t"nt#/
n "ition to the n"ture o, the 'e##".e note th"t there i# &on,ir'"tion o, the li'itin. nu'ber o, &onu&tor#/ The %"lue #hon "# ,or A$ollo ith e,"ult i'en#ionin. "n "n o,,#et (4th &"r) o, 50I/

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

10

. Option o$ linearl#-varied ias $or "onte Carlo %tudies

At the reue#t o, :PA $rou&tion u#er# (#$e&i,i&"ll+ ?"n ;ol#orth+) the nor'"ll+ r"no' or *ero bi"# th"t &"n be "e to "ll #it&h ti'e# o, !onte "rlo #tuie# &"n be re$l"&e b+ " line"r %"ri"tion/ Thi# ill be the $ro.r"' re#$on#e to the reue#tF

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o ,urther in,or'"tion i# reuire #in&e li'it# on the bi"# h"%e "lre"+ been $ro%ie b+ the B@TAT@T@B 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter# ?;! "n ?;!A= (#ee @e&tion - &olu'n# 41-56)/ or " &"#e ith B<AR :A@ @A;B there i# re$l"&e'ent o, the r"no' nu'ber th"t nor'"ll+ i# u#e b+ " %"ri"ble th"t %"rie# line"rl+ beteen 1/0  R; "n unit+ "# the R; ener.i*"tion# "re $er,or'e/

The inter$ret"tion o, thi# reue#t "$$e"r# "# ,ollo# (note th"t it in%ol%e# the &on,ir'"tion o, no $"r"'eter %"lue#)F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------R"'$e line"r %"ri"tion o, r"no' bi"#/ <AR :A@ @A; . Reuest to Read "iscellaneous Data Cards

The ,lo"tin.-$oint "n inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# "re e#&ribe in @e&tion -:/ or " &on%ention"l #i'ul"tion the+ &o'e ",ter "ll #$e&i"l reue#t# o, the t+$e no bein. &on#iere/ or the nor'"l #i'ul"tion thi# i# ,ine "n there i# no $roble'/

:ut ,or #$e&i"l &ir&u'#t"n&e# the u#er '"+ "nt to e,ine one or 'ore o, the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter# B"he" o, ti'eB "lon. ith other #$e&i"l reue#t &"r#/ Thi# i# reuire ,or B@TART A;AB u#".e ,or eC"'$le (#ee :H!ARI ?40 "# "n illu#tr"tion)/ , #u&h u#".e i# "nte #i'$l+ $re&ee the u#u"l 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# o, @e&tion# -: "n - b+ the #$e&i"l-reue#t or B!@<
Rulebook ATP

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M I S C E L L A N E ! U S

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The u#er i# "%i#e not to o thi# &"#u"ll+ hoe%er/ There #houl be " &le"r re"l knon nee "# "$$ro%e b+ #t"n"r in#tru&tion# or "# re&o''ene b+ lo&"l Pro.r"' !"inten"n&e/

The inter$ret"tion o, the#e "t" onl+ reuire# o&u'ent"tion o, the reue#t &"r #in&e the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# ("n $o##ible eCten#ion#) "re inter$rete eC"&tl+ "# eC$l"ine in @e&tion# -: "n -/ A# ,or the le"in. &"r it i# inter$ete "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t $re&ein. 2 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r#/ !@<
There "re &"#e# here 'oe %olt".e r"ther th"n $h"#e %olt".e i# e#ire "# the out$ut o, " i#tribute tr"n#'i##ion line/ Thi# ill .ener"ll+ be ,or eu&"tion"l u#".e o, one ,or' or "nother #in&e the u"ntitie# in ue#tion &"n not be $h+#i&"ll+ 'e"#ure/ @in&e "ll i#tribute-$"r"'eter tr"n#'i##ion-line 'oel# u#e " 'o"l tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC to e&ou$le the 'ulti-&onu&tor eu"tion# the 'o"l u"ntitie# "re " $"rt o, the #olution $ro&e## "n it i# ju#t " '"tter o, ire&tin. #u&h %"ri"ble# to the out$ut %e&tor/ ith &"re the u#er &"n reue#t the 'o"l %olt".e to .roun "t both en# o, one i#tribute$"r"'eter tr"n#'i##ion line/ The reue#t h"# the ,olloin. ,or'F

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K"ri"ble !?T (&ol#/ 33-40) i# to be ke+e ith the nu'ber o, $h"#e# or &ou$le &onu&tor# th"t "re in%ol%e/ A bl"nk or *ero ,iel i# e,"ulte to !?T J 3 #o it i# re"ll+ onl+ in other &"#e# th"t the nu'eri&"l %"lue nee be ke+e/

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

12

@u&h 'o"l out$ut i# $o##ible ,or onl+ one tr"n#'i##ion line "n th"t line 'u#t be $l"&e "t the %er+ en o, br"n&he# i''ei"tel+ be,ore the bl"nk &"r th"t ter'in"te# "ll br"n&h &"r#/ n "ition the %er+ ,ir#t br"n&h "t" 'u#t &on#i#t o, eCtr" hi.h-re#i#t"n&e br"n&he# th"t "re &onne&te ,ro' e"&h noe to .roun "t both en# o, the line in ue#tion/ u"l in nu'ber to 2 > !?T &olu'n 80 o, the#e un&ou$le (t+$e-0) #erie# R-<- br"n&he# 'u#t be ke+e ith " B1B #o "# to reue#t br"n&h &urrent out$ut/ #e " re#i#t"n&e %"lue #o l"r.e th"t the "n#er i# un",,e&te/

@o 'u&h ,or "t" in$ut/ A,ter the &"#e h"# been run the u#er ill ,in hi# 'o"l %olt".e# in the out$ut lo&"tion# th"t oul otheri#e h"%e been re#er%e ,or the br"n&h &urrent# ju#t 'entione/ Thi# i# h+ the $re#ent ,e"ture i# " little tri&k+/ The ,ir#t B!?TB ou$ut &urrent# "re in re"lit+ 'o"l %olt".e# to lo&"l .roun "t the B:@1B en o, the line in n"tur"l orerM the neCt B!?TB out$ut &urrent# "re 'oe %olt".e# to .roun "t the other en (B:@2B en) o, the line "l#o in n"tur"l orer/ A re'iner 'e##".e to thi# e,,e&t i# $rinte i''ei"tel+ belo the &olu'n he"in.# ,or the out$ut %"ri"ble# #o the u#er ill not ,or.et/ ote th"t i, one i# $lottin. t+$e-9 $lot reue#t# (#ee @e&tion 1/10) 'u#t be u#e #in&e the !TP think# th"t the 'o"l %olt".e# "re &urrent# in the 2 > !?T hi.h-re#i#t"n&e br"n&he# hi&h ere #u$$lie b+ the u#er/ An illu#tr"tion o, thi# ,e"ture i# $ro%ie b+ the 2n #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?38/ t i# ,ro' thi# #olution in%ol%in. " 3-$h"#e &on#t"nt-$"r"'eter line th"t the ,olloin. inter$ret"tion h"# been eCtr"&teF  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t ,or tri&k+ 'o"l out$ut/ !?T J 3/ !? K
The ,olloin. reue#t ill $ro%ie &on%er#ion ,ro' ol (B!36/B or e"rlier %int".e) *in& oCie "rre#ter br"n&h "t" into the &urrent ,or'"t# ("# reuire ,or B!38/B "n l"ter %er#ion# o, the $ro.r"')F

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Thi# #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# to be "e be,ore the ,ir#t 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r o, " "t" &"#e in%ol%in. ol Ln "t" &"r#/ The !TP re"# #u&h "t" "n $un&he# (#ee DPH) re$l"&e'ent br"n&h &"r# to re$re#ent the Ln "rre#ter#/ t ill then be the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to re$l"&e the ol &"r i'".e# ith the ne one# u#in. hi# #+#te' eitor/

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

13

An eC"'$le o, #u&h &on%er#ion i# $ro%ie b+ the #e&on #ub&"#e o, #t"n"r te#t &"#e :H!ARI ?-13/ The ,olloin. illu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion h"# been eCtr"&te ,ro' the #olution o, thi# &"#eF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to &on%ert ol Ln "t" to ne ,or'"t#/ 
Rulebook ATP


h02"2

14

. Reuest $or Omission o$ +ase Case o$ %TATI%TIC% %imulation

The &on%ention"l B@TAT@T@B or B@@T!ATB "t" &"#e in%ol%e# " b"#e &"#e #olution be,ore "n+ o, the R; (inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eterM #ee @e&tion -:) ener.i*"tion# "re $er,or'e/ Thi# i# " $reli'in"r+ #hot ri.ht on the 'ile ith "ll o, the %"ri"n&e# #et to *ero/ ell the u#er &"n #u$$re## thi# eCtr" $reli'in"r+ #i'ul"tion b+ " #$e&i"l reue#t &"r re"in.F

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Re#ultin. #t"ti#ti&"l t"bul"tion# "re un",,e&te #in&e the b"#e &"#e #olution "# not $"rt o, the #t"ti#ti&"l $ro&e##in. "n+"+/ @o i, the u#er "lre"+ kno# ho the b"#e &"#e #olution look# he &"n #"%e one #hot "# ell "# #o'e $"$er/

An eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e i# $ro%ie b+ o, #t"n"r te#t &"#e :H!ARI ?-13/ The ,olloin. illu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion h"# been eCtr"&te ,ro' thi# #olutionF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------'it b"#e &"#e i, @TAT@T@@@T!AT u#".e/ !T :A@ A@ . Reuest $or &ea< 6olta/e o$ %imulation

The u#er '"+ be intere#te in $e"k noe %olt".e or in $e"k line"r br"n&h %olt".e or both ithout bein. &on&erne "bout the lo&"tion in the netork th"t thi# ill o&&ur/ , #o there eCi#t# the $"$er-#"%in. "ltern"ti%e th"t "%oi# %olt".e out$ut ,or "ll noe# or br"n&he#F

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&hoo#e# the t+$e o, %olt".e# bein. 'onitoreF

1 --- ,or noe %olt".e# onl+M 2 --- ,or line"r br"n&h %olt".e# onl+M

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

15

3 --- ,or both noe %olt".e# "n "l#o line"r br"n&h %olt".e#/ Lero or bl"nk ill be inter$rete "# unit+ (" reue#t ,or the $e"k o, noe %olt".e# onl+)/ Thi# i# the reue#t/ <"ter "t the en o, the #i'ul"tion be,ore the u#u"l $e"k-%"lue $rintout ,or the out$ut %e&tor ill be .ener"te the reue#te out$ut or out$ut#/

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

16

or the 'onitorin. o, noe %olt".e# (!A=K
or 132-&olu'n out$ut thi# ill be " #in.le line o, &our#e (it h"# here been #$lit in to ,or e"#e o, $re#ent"tion onl+)/ The $rinte %"lue "t the en i# the $e"k o, "ll noe %olt".e# in %olt# not the $e"k o, "ll noe %olt".e# in $er unit/ , the $roble' h"# tr"n#,or'er# th"t &h"n.e the no'in"l %olt".e le%el there i# no e"#+ "+ o, #$ottin. $e"k# o, $er unit %olt".e th"t 'i.ht o&&ur on the lo %olt".e #ie/ @o u#".e i# #o'eh"t #$e&i"li*e "n it reuire# &"ution/

or the &"#e o, !A=K
br"n&h

%er"ll #i'ul"tion $e"k br"n&h %olt".e J 5/66276224N01 o&&urre "t line"r br"n&h nu'ber 3 hi&h &onne&t# noe BTRA B to B B/ The ti'e U#e& J 0/00000000N00 /el

!"n+ o, the #t"n"r te#t &"#e# e'$lo+ #u&h u#".e/ The ,olloin. illu#tr"tion o, inter$ret"tion "# t"ken ,ro' the #olution to the #e&on #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-7F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ut$ut .lob"l $e"k %olt".e o, netork/ 3 PAI K
TA@ &"n be u#e ,or the $o#t$ro&e##in. o, $lot ,ile#/ The u#er ,ir#t &onne&t# the ol $lot ,ile (in$ut to the $o#t $ro&e##or) to  unit nu'ber <T2 u#in. DP/ or "n eC"'$le (hi&h '"+ be in#t"ll"tion-e$enent) #ee :H!ARI ?46/ K"ri"ble# o, the $lot ,ile ill be "##i.ne to u#er-e,ine TA@ #our&e# in n"tur"l orer b+ the !TP thereb+ $ro%iin. the &onne&tion ,or $o#t$ro&e##in. b+ the u#er/ Thi# i# the re#$on#e to the reue#tF

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

 !S T  R ! C E S S

 L ! T

F I

L E

I8

IL!T

37 K"ri"ble P<T o, &ol#/ 33-40 i# to be "n inte.er ini&"tin. ,reuen&+ o, the out$ut not unlike the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter o, the #"'e n"'e/ or

Rulebook ATP


h02"2

17

eC"'$le i, P<T J 3 i# u#e then onl+ e%er+ thir $oint o, the ol $lot ,ile ill be u#e/ The 'o#t &o''on ("n le"#t tri&k+) &"#e u#e# P<T J 1 #o th"t there "re "# '"n+ out$ut $oint# "# there "re in$ut $oint#/

The "t" &"#e i# &o'$lete b+ &"r# ,or " TA@-onl+ (TA@ @TA? A<) !TP "t" &"#e/ There "re .ener"ll+ to be "# '"n+ TA@ #our&e# "# there "re %"ri"ble# in the ol "t" ,ile ith 6-&h"r"&ter n"'e# bein. "rbitr"r+/ n the orer e,ine the#e "re "uto'"ti&"ll+ (intern"ll+) &onne&te to %"ri"ble# o, the ol $lot ,ile/ !o#t $o#t-$ro&e##in. ill in%ol%e #u$$le'ent"l %"ri"ble# "lthou.h ,un&tion blo&k# "re "l#o u#e,ul (e/./ 1@ ,or inte.r"tion o, #o'e %olt".e to .i%e ,luC)/

The inter$ret"tion o, the reue#t &"r &on,ir'# the u#er-ke+e ,reuen&+ P<T o, &our#e/ Thi# i# illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. line ,ro' the #olution to :H!ARI ?-46F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Po#t$ro&e## ith ,reuen&+ P<T J 1/ P@TPR@@ P<T < . Rede$inition o$ %#nc@ronous &o;er !reuenc# %TAT!R

Althou.h the #+n&hronou# $oer ,reuen&+ @TATR &"n be e,ine "rbitr"ril+ in the @TARTP ,ile it i# not &on%enient to "lter #u&h " &riti&"l %"lue ,or o&&"#ion"l ,orei.n "t" &"#e# th"t 'i.ht e%i"te ,ro' the lo&"l ,reuen&+/ n the &"#e o, #t"&ke "t" &"#e# it i# e%en &on&ei%"ble th"t i,,erent %"lue# oul be reuire ithin the #"'e i#k ,ile/ @o "t the be.innin. o, e"&h ne "t" &"#e the u#er h"# the "bilit+ to "lter the "##u'e $oer ,reuen&+ b+ 'e"n# o, " reue#t #u&h "#F

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

 ! W E R

F R E  U E N C Y

E8.0

STATFR

38 K"ri"ble @TATR o, &olu'n# 33-40 i# the #+n&hronou# $oer #+#te' ,reuen&+ in Hert*/ ithout #u&h " e&l"r"tion thi# ill nor'"ll+ be either 50 H* or 60 H* e$enin. u$on &ontent# o, the @TARTP ,ile/

The inter$ret"tion o, the reue#t &"r &on,ir'# the u#er-ke+e ,reuen&+ @TATR o, &our#e/ Thi# i# illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. line ,ro' the #olution to :H!ARI ?-26F

  

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rulebook ATP

e $oer ,reuen&+


@TATR J 5/00000000N01

h02"2

H*/ PR RO 50/0

18


H02"3

1

. Reuest to c@an/e Widt@ and %pacin/ o$ Time-%tep 4oop &rintout

The o'in"nt $rintout o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ i# the #te$ nu'ber ti'e "n %"ri"ble %"lue# hi&h o&&ur# "t ,reuen&+ T ('i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter o, @e&tion -:)/ Althou.h #$"&in. o, the #te$ nu'ber "n the ti'e "re ,iCe "ll ,olloin. nu'ber# ill be o, uni,or' ith "n inter&olu'n #$"&in. "# eter'ine b+ %"ri"ble# I<? "n I<@P o, the @TARTP ,ile/ et #u&h ,or'"ttin. i# i'$ort"nt enou.h th"t it h"# been $l"&e uner u#er &ontrol "t the be.innin. o, e"&h "t" &"#e too b+ 'e"n# o, the ,olloin. reue#tF

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

 R I N T E D

N U M B E R

W I D T H

I8

I8

)!LWID

)!LSE

39 &arameters I<? o, &olu'n# 33-40 i# the tot"l &olu'n ith in &h"r"&ter# in&luin. bl"nk# th"t #e$"r"te &olu'n#/

I<@P o, &olu'n# nonbl"nk nu'ber#/

41-48 i# the nu'ber o, bl"nk &h"r"&ter#

#e$"r"tin.

The inter$ret"tion o, the reue#t &"r &on,ir'# the to u#er-ke+e inte.er# I<? "n I<@P o, &our#e/ Thi# i# illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. line ,ro' the #olution to :H!ARI ?-26F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ith o, ti'e-#te$ loo$ nu'ber#/ J13 @J2 PRT? !:R ?TH 13

. Reuest $or Relative Allocation o$ Total TAC% %tora/e

Re,er to @e&tion A-1 hi&h $ro%ie the ,ir#t "n 'o#t &o''on "+ to "llo&"te tot"l TA@ #tor".e n"'el+ BA:@<T TA@ ?!@@B/ The #e&on "+ to "llo&"te tot"l TA@ #tor".e i# ith " reue#t ,or rel"ti%e #i*in./ Th"t i# r"ther th"n reue#t " #$e&i,i& nu'ber o, ,un&tion blo&k# #u$$le'ent"l %"ri"ble# et&/ the u#er &"n #i'$l+ reue#t " $ro$ortion"l "llo&"tion (e/./ 5V o, the tot"l #tor".e ,or ,un&tion blo&k# et&/)/ There ,ir#t i# the #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r then the "t" &"r be"rin. the 8 $ro$ortion# re" "# 88 F 1

40

2

3

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

R

E L

D

A T

I (

E

T A

C S

I M

E N S

I

!N S

7

8 9 0 1

4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

5

5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6

7

8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

7

0 1

8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0


1

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4

H02"3

5

6

7

2 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

I8

)1

)2

)3

)4

)5

)6

)7

)8

41 n theor+ thi# i# #i'$le enou.h/ :ut one $r"&ti&"l $roble' ith thi# #e&on "ltern"ti%e ,or #i*in. TA@ t"ble# i# th"t the u#er h"# no intuiti%e ,eel ,or the rel"ti%e #$"&e t"ken b+ i,,erent t"ble#/ To "i the u#er the ,olloin. i# "n "$$roCi'"te &orre#$onen&e beteen no'in"l (e,"ult) "b#olute i'en#ion# "n the $ro$ortion# th"t $rou&e the'F

Ab#olute #i*e Rel"ti%e #i*e

20 11

90 15

100 7

20 7

30 3

250 8

300 21

60 28

Thi# "$$lie# to tr"n#l"tion# h"%in. inte.er# th"t "re h"l, "# lon. "# ,lo"tin.$oint %"ri"ble# (e/./ T;R>4 %#/ RA<>8 ,or &o'$uter# #u&h "# A$ollo :! PR! "n KA=)/ Pro$ortion# "re " little i,,erent ,or &o'$uter# th"t #tore ,lo"tin.-$oint %"ri"ble# in or# o, the #"'e len.th "# inte.er# (ol ? r"+ :urrou.h# P@-164M "l#o #in.le-$re&i#ion ni%"& Hone+ell "n ? P?P10@@T!20) o, &our#e/

nter$ret"tion o, the to in$ut "t" &"r# in&lue# &on,ir'"tion o, ju#t the ,ir#t 3 o, the 8 in$ut nu'ber#/ An illu#tr"tion ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to e,ine TA@ "llo&"tion $ro$ortion#/ R
!or +atc@-"ode &lottin/ o$ &revious %imulations

, " $re%iou#l+-#ol%e "t" &"#e h" 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter AT #et to 1 or 2 then the $lot "t" $oint# o, th"t #olution ere #"%e on i#k "# " $er'"'ent ,ile/ @houl the u#er no ("t #o'e l"ter ti'e) i#h to o b"t&h-'oe $lottin. u#in. thi# "t" then he 'u#t o to thin.#/ ir#t he 'u#t &onne&t the ,ile o, r" "t" $oint# o,  &h"nnel <T4 u#in. DP (#ee @e&tion -?)/ @e&on "n ,in"ll+ he 'u#t tr"n#,er &ontrol to b"t&h-'oe $lottin. b+ 'e"n# o, the ,olloin. reue#tF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

R E  L ! T

42


H02"3

3

A# "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee the #t"n"r te#t &"#e :H!ARI ?-54 ,or the &o'$uter o, intere#t/ Re'e'ber th"t the DP &"r i# in#t"ll"tion-e$enent in .ener"l (hi&h i# h+ the re&o''en"tion i# B,or the &o'$uter o, intere#tB)/ A# ,or inter$ret"tion thi# i# "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to "tt"&h "n $lot i#k ,ile o, ol "t"/ RP<T Convert R"% 6-I %aturation C@aracteristic to Instantaneous +-:

The &"l&ul"tion o, in#t"nt"neou# :-H &h"r"&teri#ti&# ,or u#e ith T+$e-92 or T+$e-98 nonline"r re"&tor# i# not tri%i"l #o'eti'e#/ , the u#er onl+ h"# " &ur%e o, R!@ %"lue# ,or %olt".e "n &urrent the #e$"r"te #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' n"'e B@ATRAB &"n $ro,it"bl+ be u#e/ n#tru&tion# ,or the u#".e o, thi# utilit+ "re &o%ere in @e&tion ==-;/ To tr"n#,er to th"t #e$"r"te $ro.r"' the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# u#eF

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2

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

S A T U R A T I ! N

43

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-13/ t i# ,ro' the #olution to thi# &"#e th"t the ,olloin. inter$ret"tion "# r"nF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t ,or '".neti& #"tur"tion &o'$ut"tion/ @ATRAT "odel Over@ead 4ine # *nd Order Recursive Convolution

n orer to re$re#ent o%erhe" tr"n#'i##ion line# ith ,reuen&+-e$enent $"r"'eter# "n " &on#t"nt tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC "# reuire b+ @e&tion K-?-4 re&our#e i# '"e to " #e$"r"te #u$$ortin. $ro.r"'/ n#tru&tion# ,or the u#".e o, thi# #e$"r"te $ro.r"' "re &ont"ine in @e&tion ==/ The tr"n#,er to thi# #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' i# "&&o'$li#he b+ the ,olloin. reue#tF

1

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5

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7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

S E M L Y E N

44

S E T U 


H02"3

4

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-29/ t i# ,ro' the #olution to thi# &"#e th"t the ,olloin. inter$ret"tion "# r"nF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------2n-orer ,reuen&+-e$enent line 'oelin./ @!< @TP Reuest to Restart a :alted %imulation (%TART AGAIN)

nte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter !!@AK ill re#ult in the u'$in. o, !TP 'e'or+ onto i#k "t the &on&lu#ion o, " #i'ul"tion/ or " #in.le eter'ini#ti& #i'ul"tion thi# ill be "t the en ti'e o, the #i'ul"tion t J T'"C/ or " !onte "rlo (B@TAT@T@B) #tu+ thi# ill be u$on the &o'$letion o, the ,in"l ener.i*"tion nu'ber R;/ or tho#e &o'$uter #+#te'# th"t "llo thi# &"$"bilit+ (e/./ "n+ ,leCible 'ini&o'$uter or 'i&ro&o'$uter) #u&h " #i'ul"tion &"n be re#t"rte "t "n+ l"ter ti'e b+ 'e"n# o, the ,olloin. initi"l reue#tF

1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

S T A R T

A ' A I N

45 A&tu"ll+ thi# i# onl+ the reue#t to lo" t"ble# ,ro' the i#k ,ile th"t h"# "lre"+ been &onne&te to  unit nu'ber <T2 b+ 'e"n# o, " DP reue#t (#ee @e&tion -?)/ or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-40 ,or the &o'$uter o, intere#t (ue to in#t"ll"tion-e$enen&e o, the DP &"r)/ , inte.rit+ o, the i#k ,ile th"t #tore# !TP t"ble# i# i'$ort"nt " &o$+ o, the ori.in"l ,ile #houl be u#e in orer to $re%ent "&&ient"l e#tru&tion/ At the $re#ent ti'e there i# no RA?-onl+ in#ur"n&e ,or "n+ &onne&te ,ile/

A# the hibern"tin. #olution i# ""kene &ert"in $"r"'eter# &"n be &h"n.e #houl the u#er e#ire thi#/ The B@TART A;AB reue#t i# to be ,olloe b+ "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, &"r# th"t ree,ine #it&h "n TA@ #our&e $"r"'eter# one &"r $er &o'$onent or u"ntit+ th"t i# to be &h"n.e/ The l"#t o, the#e i# ter'in"te b+ " B9999B-&"r (ke+e in &olu'n# 5-8)F

DP (et&/ ,or &ontrol $"r"'eter#) @TART A;A ne &"r ,or e"&h #it&h or TA@ #our&e to be &h"n.e 9999

There "re 5 &hoi&e# ,or the ,or'"t o, the &"r# to &h"n.e $"r"'eter# o, #it&he# or TA@ #our&e# "# ,ollo#F

1) ol#/ 55-60 le,t bl"nk 'e"n# th"t " #$e&i"l ei&"te in$ut #tru&ture ,or " #it&h i# "##u'e/ n the ,or'"t belo BB i# the #it&h nu'ber in orer o, "t" in$ut/ The #it&h o$enin. ti'e T-o$en ill be ree,ine onl+ i, &olu'n# 25-40 "re ke+e ith " $o#iti%e nu'ber/ !ore &o''onl+ it i# the &lo#in. ti'e T&lo#e th"t ill be "ltere ,or #it&he# th"t "re o$en "t the en o, the $re&ein. i#&ontinue #i'ul"tion/ olu'n# 9-24 "re "l"+# re" "n T-&lo#e


H02"3

5

i# "l"+# ree,ine (bl"nk i# inter$rete "# " reue#t ,or *ero &lo#in. ti'e)/ The ,or'"t i#F

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I8

E16.0

E16.0

=

T>/;

%$T>;?%"

46

2) ol#/ 55-60 ke+e ith B1111/B 'e"n# th"t the "t" &"r i# " TA@ #our&e &"r ith it# u#u"l ,or'"t (eC&e$t ,or &ol#/ 55-60)/ An+ bl"nk ,iel o, #u&h " TA@ #our&e &"r ill re#ult in no &h"n.e to the "##o&i"te #our&e $"r"'eter/ /e/ the u#er onl+ nee ke+ tho#e $"r"'eter# th"t he "&tu"ll+ "nt# to "lter/

3) ol#/ 55-60 ke+e ith B2222/B 'e"n# th"t the "t" &"r i# " #it&h &"r ith it# u#u"l ,or'"t (eC&e$t ,or &ol#/ 55-60)/ An+ bl"nk ,iel o, #u&h " #it&h &"r ill re#ult in no &h"n.e to the "##o&i"te #our&e $"r"'eter/ /e/ the u#er nee onl+ ke+ tho#e $"r"'eter# th"t he "&tu"ll+ "nt# to "lter/

4) ol#/ 55-60 ke+e ith B-1111/B ---- like ,iel# "re re"/ Here bl"nk# 'e"n *eroe#/

2) eC&e$t th"t "ll "t"

5) ol#/ 55-60 ke+e ith B-2222/B ---- like 3) eC&e$t th"t "ll "t" ,iel# "re re"/ Here bl"nk# 'e"n *eroe#/

olloin. the B9999B ter'in"tor (ke+e in &olu'n# 5-8) ,or "ll #u&h &h"n.e &"r# the en-ti'e T!A= &"n be "ltere b+ 'e"n# o, " B!@<
A ,e "ition"l $oint# 'i.ht be $"##e "lon. "# ell/ :eteen the B!@<

H02"3

6

interru$t o, #o'e #ort/ Hen&e the u#er i# "rne to be both intelli.ent "n #ke$ti&"l "bout "n+ #u&h u#".eM i, there "re #o'e "e hien bene,it# there "l#o "re #o'e %er+ re"l li'it# "n #o'e hien tr"$#/ :e &"utiou#Y

@e%er"l i,,erent in$ut "t" &"r inter$ret"tion# &"n be in%ol%e ith the ju#t e#&ribe "t"/ The be.innin. "n the enin. o, the#e "re ,iCe "n "re illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. to line# ,ro' :H!ARI ?-40F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ontinu"tion o, $"rti"l $re%iou# #i'ul"tion/ @TART A;A Ter'in"tor ,or 'oi,ie #it&hin. ti'e#/  9999

n beteen the#e to it i# $o##ible to h"%e #e%er"l i,,erent #tru&ture# o, hi&h the 'o#t &o''on i# th"t ,or "ltere #it&h &lo#in. ti'e ("#e 1 "bo%e)/ nter$ret"tion ,or thi# &"#e &on,ir'# the three in$ut $"r"'eter# "# the ,olloin. line ,ro' the #olution o, :H!ARI ?-49 illu#tr"te#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Altere #it&h/ 1 1/1990-02 0/0000N00  1 /011990

@o 'u&h ,or #in.le #i'ul"tion#/ !onte "rlo #tuie#too &"n in%ol%e B@TART A;AB/ n thi# &"#e there "re "ition"l "ltern"ti%e#/ To the ri.ht o, the b"#i& e&l"r"tion there &"n be "# '"n+ "# 15 inte.er nu'ber# (I1 I2 et&/) F

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S T AR T

A ' A I N

I4

I4

)1

)2

I4

)3

I4

I4

I4

)4

)5

)6

I4

I4

)7

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I4

I4

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I4

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I4

I4

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)12

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I4

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47

The#e "re the nu'ber# o, "lre"+-#i'ul"te ener.i*"tion# th"t "re to be i.nore "# the !onte "rlo #tu+ i# re#t"rte/ !o#t &o''onl+ there ill be no #u&h nu'ber# o, &our#e 'e"nin. th"t "ll $re%iou# ener.i*"tion# ill be #"%e/ A# "n illu#tr"tion #ee the ,ir#t #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-40/ The #e&on "n thir #ub&"#e o, thi# #"'e ,ile i.nore one o, the 3 $re&ein. #i'ul"tion# b+ 'e"n# o, non*ero I1/ on*ero inte.er# 'u#t be in in&re"#in. orer "n no ,iel# &"n be #ki$$e (the ,ir#t bl"nk or *ero ill ter'in"te #u&h e&l"r"tion#)/

, I15 (&olu'n# 77-80) o, the $re&ein. $"r".r"$h i# ke+e ith the #$e&i"l %"lue -888 then the #ee o, the r"no' nu'ber .ener"tor BRA?LB ill be reiniti"li*e to the %"lue th"t eCi#te "t the #t"rt (not "t the enY) o, the l"#t $re&ein. ener.i*"tion/ Thi# "llo# " re$e"t o, the l"#t (.ener"ll+ in&o'$lete ,or #u&h u#".e) ener.i*"tion o, the $re&ein. eCe&ution/ t i#


H02"3

7

u#e,ul hen #o'ethin. ent ron. "n eCe&ution "# ter'in"te "bnor'"ll+ b+ the !TP ith "n error #to$ (" BI<
!onte "rlo #tuie# &"n &onbine the hi#tor+ o, 'ore th"n one $re&ein. #i'ul"tion too/ The ,ir#t u#e# B@TART A;AB "# ju#t e#&ribe/ ''ei"tel+ ",ter thi# #in.le &"r &"n &o'e "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, e&l"r"tion# ,or "ition"l $"rt# o, the hi#tor+/ The inte.er# h"%e eC"&tl+ the #"'e ,or'"t "n 'e"nin. "lthou.h the e&l"r"tion or i# &h"n.e to "%oi "'bi.uit+F

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

L ! A D

M ! R E

S H ! T S

I4

I4

)1

)2

I4

)3

I4

I4

I4

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I4

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48

The ener.i*"tion nu'ber# "re "l"+# lo&"l to the $ortion bein. lo"e #o no 'ent"l "rith'eti& i# reuire/ "&h #u&h e&l"r"tion ill be $re&ee b+ " DP &"r to &onne&t the ne "##o&i"te ,ile to unit <T2 "n e"&h o, the#e ill be $re&ee b+ " D<@ &"r to i#&onne&t the ,ile o, the $re&ein. $ortion/ t i# &riti&"l to note th"t the i#k ,ile o, B@TART A;AB i# &o'$letel+ i,,erent in #tru&ture "n #i*e th"n the i#k ,ile or ,ile# o, B<A? !R @HT@B/ or B@TART A;AB " &o'$lete #et o, t"ble# (in&luin. B
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------onne&t i#k ,ile to  unit/ DP TJ2 <J?24A


ontinu"tion o, $"rti"l $re%iou# #i'ul"tion/ o'$lete t"ble re#tor"tion/
H02"3

8

@TART A;A 3 Re#et #i'ul"tion ti'e T J @TART A;A 3 D<@ TJ2 @TAT@JI DP TJ2 <J?24 <A? !R @HT@ 1  9999 S D<@ TJ2 @TAT@JI DP TJ2 <J?!/: !@<
, the 15 $o##ible ener.i*"tion nu'ber# onl+ the ,ir#t 3 "re &on,ir'e b+ the inter$ret"tion note/ The #"'e #in.le B@TART A;AB &"r i# inter$rete ti&e onl+ be&"u#e the ,ir#t inte.er I1 i# non*ero/ ote th"t the #e&on inter$ret"tion h"# the #"'e #tru&ture "# th"t ,or B<A? !R @HT@B/ , I1 ere le,t *ero or bl"nk no #u&h 2n inter$ret"tion #hoin. I1 I2 "n I3 oul be #een/ %unet;or< Identi$ication sin/ All %;itc@es Closed at time ero.

ith thi# #$e&i"l reue#t &"r the $ro.r"' ill $er,or' "uto'"ti& #ubnetork ienti,i&"tion ith "ll the non-.rounin. #it&he# &lo#e "t ti'e *ero/ There ill be no ,urther #ubnetork ienti,i&"tion (nor'"ll+ it i# " +n"'i& $ro&e## ithin the ti'e-#te$ loo$)/ ithout thi# #$e&i"l reue#t the $ro.r"' oul eter'ine the #ubnetork ienti,i&"tion +n"'i&"ll+ "t e"&h ti'e #te$ th"t " #it&hin. o$er"tion ill o&&urre/ !ore in,or'"tion on #ubnetork ienti,i&"tion &"n be ,oun in Re,/ 8 Kol/ =K $".e# !A-30 to 33/

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or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee the #e&on #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-38/ t i# ,ro' the #olution to thi# #ub&"#e th"t the ,olloin. inter$ret"tion "# r"nF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------o nonline"r #ubnetork &he&k in ?
There "re #$e&i"l &"#e# ,or hi&h &ert"in TA@ "rnin. 'e##".e# "re " nui#"n&e/ An eC"'$le i# the ,reuen&+ #en#or hi&h 'i.ht $rou&e '"n+ "rnin. 'e##".e# be,ore #te"+-#t"te o$er"tion i# re"&he urin. h%& initi"li*"tion/ @u&h "rnin. 'e##".e# &"n be li'ite in tot"l nu'ber "n "l#o #u$$re##e &o'$letel+ be,ore " &ert"in #t"rtin. ti'e b+ 'e"n# o, the ,olloin. reue#tF


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T A C S

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I M I T

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T>%

50 Here <! i# the li'it on the nu'ber o, TA@ "rnin. 'e##".e# th"t ill be i#$l"+e "n T-be. i# the ti'e be,ore hi&h "ll TA@ "rnin.# "re i.nore ("n not &ounte to"r the li'it <!)/ The inter$ret"tion o, thi# reue#t &"r &on,ir'# the to u#er-ke+e inte.er# o, &our#e/ Thi# i# illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. line ,ro' the #olution to the #e&on #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-18F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------"rnin. &ontrol#/ <! T-be. J 5 1/00N00 TA@ AR <!T 5 1/0 Reuest $or Trans$er to t@e Time-%tep 4oop

#e in &onjun&tion ith the B@TART A;AB reue#t o, @e&tion A-33 the e,,e&t o, " BT! @TP <PB reue#t i# to ""ken the hibern"tin. #i'ul"tion b+ " tr"n#,er o, &ontrol to the ti'e-#te$ loo$ o, TP o%erl"+ 16/ The ,or'"t i#F

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T I M E

S T E 

L !! 

51

The inter$ret"tion o, thi# reue#t &"r i# illu#tr"te b+ " line eCtr"&te ,ro' the #olution to :H!ARI ?-49F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Tr"n#,er &ontrol to the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ T! @TP <P ser %upplied %;itc@ Times $or "onte Carlo %tudies

Thi# #$e&i"l reue#t "llo# the u#er to #$e&i,+ the r"no' #it&h &lo#in.o$enin. ti'e# o, " !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion hi'#el, r"ther th"n h"%e the r"no' nu'ber .ener"tor o, the $ro.r"' eter'ine #u&h ti'e#/ To u#e thi# ,e"ture one $re$"re# the "t" the #"'e "+ "# ,or the re.ul"r #t"ti#ti&# &"#e eC&e$t ,or the ,olloin. to ite'#F

u#".e/

1) n$ut " #$e&i"l reue#t &"r to noti,+ the $ro.r"' o, #u&h e#ire The ,or'"t i#F


1

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4

H02"3

5

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

U S E R

S U   L I E D

S W I T C H

T I M E S

52

Thi# #er%e# to ,ore"rn the $ro.r"' th"t #it&hin. ti'e# "re to be re" ,ro' " i#k ,ile th"t i# &onne&te to  unit nu'ber <T8 (#et in the @TARTP ,ile)/ t i# the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to &onne&t #u&h " i#k ,ile to <T8 u#in. DP be,ore #u&h #it&hin. ti'e# "re neee/ An+ $l"&e be,ore the bl"nk &"r enin. #our&e &"r# #houl "l"+# be "&&e$t"ble/ :ut ,or &l"rit+ it i# re&o''ene th"t the DP $re&ee the B@R @PP<? @TH T!@B reue#t/

2) @$e&i,+ the #it&h &lo#in. ti'e# (T-&lo#e) "n o$enin. ti'e# (T-o$en) ,or "ll the #it&he#/ Thi# i# one in " "t" ,ile th"t i# to be &onne&te to  unit nu'ber <T8/ K"lue# "re to be ke+e u#in. 515/0 ,or'"t# ,or "# '"n+ &"r# "# '"+ be reuire ('ore th"n one i, there "re 'ore th"n 5 #it&he# in the netork)F  1 2 3 4 5  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678 Arbitr"r+ 80-&olu'n &o''ent line to #e$"r"te ener.i*"tion#

1

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1$* $:+*

2"& $:+*

T>/;

%$3,& $:+*

T>/;

%$E15.0

E15.0

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T>/;

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%$T>/;

%$E15.0

E15.0

E15.0

53

1

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1$* $:+*

2"& $:+*

T>;?%"

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T>;?%"

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3,& $:+* T>;?%"

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4* $:+* T>;?%"

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E15.0

54

ote th"t e"&h #it&h &ontribute# #u&h entrie# hether the #it&h i# r"no' or eter'ini#ti&/ e# thi# in%ol%e# reun"n&+ but it "# #i'$le#t to $ro.r"'/


H02"3

11

on#tru&t #u&h " #et o, #it&hin. ti'e# (&lo#in. "n o$enin.) ,or e"&h ener.i*"tion o, the !onte "rlo #tu+ "n $re&ee e"&h b+ "n "rbitr"r+ 80-&olu'n &o''ent line (u$on hi&h the ener.i*"tion #houl be ke+e ,or &l"rit+)/ Then #t"&k #u&h &"r# in orer/ /e/ the ,ir#t-ke+e #et ill be u#e ,or the 1#t ener.i*"tion the 2n #et ,or the 2n ener.i*"tion et&/

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e &on#ier the #e&on #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-24 hi&h &onne&t# the i#k ,ile ?24<T8/?AT (,or #+#te'# $er'ittin. #u&h " lon. n"'e) to  unit nu'ber <T8/ The ,ir#t o, the to #ub&"#e# o, ?-24 in%ol%e the rollin. o, i&e to eter'ine the r"no' #it&h &lo#in. ti'e# ,or e"&h o, the three ener.i*"tion#/ , &our#e the i&e "re Blo"eB or B,iCeB #o th"t re#ult# "re re$e"t"ble (i'$ort"nt ,or te#t &"#e#)/ The #e&on #ub&"#e o, ?-24 b+$"##e# the i&e "n in#te" re"# e#ire &lo#in. ti'e# ,ro' <T8/ @in&e the ,ile ?24<T8/?AT "# &on#tru&te u#in. the #"'e &lo#in. ti'e# "# re#ult ,ro' #olution o, the ,ir#t #ub&"#e the to #olution# #houl ".ree eC"&tl+/ The #e&on #ub&"#e oe# h"%e " b"#e &"#e #olution ,or %"riet+ but th"t i,,eren&e i# uni'$ort"nt ,or the #ubje&t o, &urrent intere#t/

There i# no inter$ret"tion o, the &"r i'".e# o, #it&hin. ti'e# th"t "re re" ,ro'  unit nu'ber <T8/ Hoe%er the #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r ill be inter$rete "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------R"no' #it&hin. ti'e# re" ,ro' <T8 &h"nnel/ @R @PP<? @TH T!

@in&e there i# no out$ut o, the <T8 re&or# the'#el%e# the "lrert u#er ill r"no'l+ %eri,+ #e%er"l #it&hin. ti'e# ,ro' the %"lue# th"t $re&ee e"&h ener.i*"tion (BR"no' #it&hin. ti'e# ,or ener.i*"tion nu'ber == FB)/ He "l#o #houl &on,ir' the ju#t-#hon reue#t &"r #in&e ithout thi# i&e ill be rolle "n the u#er# "t" ,ile oul be tot"ll+ i.nore/ Al#o he #houl not be ,oole b+ the #t"n"r 13 o, " $".e o, !onte "rlo teCt th"t $re&ee# the ener.i*"tion#/ There ill be the u#u"l t"lk "bout uni,or' ,or ;"u##i"n i#tribution# o, &our#e "n none o, thi# "$$lie# to the u#er# &"#e/ nl+ the u#er kno# h"t i, "n+ i#tribution "$$lie# to hi# on &u#to'i*e #it&hin. ti'e# o, the <T8 ,ile/ Calculation o$ "atrices to Represent Trans$ormers

The &"l&ul"tion o, $"r"'eter# to re$re#ent tr"n#,or'er# in%ol%e# the u#".e o, #e$"r"te #el,-&ont"ine $ro.r"'# #u&h "# =R!R (#e&tion ==-A) or :TRA (#e&tion ==-)/ To tr"n#,er to #u&h &oe the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# u#eF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

X F ! R M E R

55


H02"3

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-15/ ,ro' thi# #olution "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

12

The inter$ret"tion eCtr"&te

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t ,or tr"n#,or'er UR NjU< &o'$ut"tion/ =R!R Another $o##ibilit+ i# to tr"n#,er &ontrol to the :TRA $ro.r"'/ #$e&i"l reue#t &"r i# u#eF 1

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olloin.

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A C C E S S

M ! D U L E

B C T R A N

56 or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-8/ &arameters to Control t@e FnO Ne;ton Iteration

Lin& Cie (Ln) #ur.e "rre#ter# reuire br"n&h &"r# "# e#&ribe in @e&tion K/ et no &ontrol# on the eton iter"tion th"t i# u#e to #ol%e the "##o&i"te nonline"r eu"tion# ill be #een "# $"rt o, #u&h "t"/ n#te" #u&h &ontrol# "re ,ir#t e,ine b+ the @TARTP ,ile/ The+ then &"n be ree,ine b+ " #$e&i"lreue#t &"r #u&h "# the ,olloin.F

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Z I N C

! X I D E

I8

MAXZN!

E8.0

ESZN!

E8.0

EWARN

E8.0

EST!

E8.0

ZLIM1

E8.0

ZLIM2

57 &arameters

!A=L o, &ol#/ 17-24 i# the '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, eton iter"tion# th"t ill be "lloe ,or the #olution o, the #ur.e "rre#ter# in e"&h #ubnetork/ The eton iter"tion ill .o thi# lon. unle## toler"n&e P@L i# "tt"ine ,ir#t/

P@L o, &ol#/ 25-32 i# the &on%er.en&e toler"n&e ,or the eton iter"tion/ All %olt".e &orre&tion# o, the &ou$le ele'ent# 'u#t be #'"ller th"n thi# in "b#olute %"lue ,or the eu"tion# to be ju.e to be #ol%e/ A bl"nk (*ero) %"lue i# t"ken "# " reue#t ,or the %"lue P@< > Kre, here P@< i# the ,"'ili"r ,lo"tin.-$oint 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter o, @e&t/ -: (1/-8 ,or 60- "n 64-bit $ro.r"' %er#ion# ,or ? :! PR! KA= @< "n A$ollo)/

PAR o, &ol#/ 33-40 i# the %olt".e &on%er.en&e toler"n&e ,or non-,"t"l "rnin. 'e##".e "bout " B#lo$$+ #olution/B A bl"nk (*ero) "t" ,iel i# t"ken "#


H02"3

13

" reue#t ,or the %"lue Kre,  1000 -- re$re#entin. one tenth o, one $er&ent o, r"te %olt".e then hi&h i# "bout the li'it o, .r"$hi&"l re#olution/

P@TP o, &ol#/ 41-48 i# the %olt".e &on%er.en&e toler"n&e ,or " ,"t"l error #to$ &o'$l"inin. "bout " non-&on%er.e iter"tion/ A bl"nk (*ero) "t" ,iel i# t"ken "# " reue#t ,or the %"lue Kre,  10 -- or 10V o, r"te %olt".e/ The &urrent error in #u&h " &"#e &oul be "#trono'i&"l re'e'ber ue to the eCtre'e nonline"rit+ (e/./ 1/1>>26 J 11/9)/

L<!(1) o, &ol#/ 49-56 i# the '"Ci'u' $er unit (b"#e on the re,eren&e %olt".e KR o, @e&tion K- u#".e) %olt".e &orre&tion "t e"&h iter"tion #te$/ A bl"nk or *ero i# .i%en the e,"ult %"lue o, unit+/

L<!(2) o, &ol#/ 57-64 i# the '"Ci'u' $er unit (b"#e on the re,eren&e %olt".e KR o, @e&tion K- u#".e) "rre#ter %olt".e th"t ill be $er'itte urin. the iter"tion/ A bl"nk or *ero i# &h"n.e to the e,"ult %"lue o, 1/5

n#te" o, thi# ,iCe-&olu'n #$e&i,i&"tion it '"+ be 'ore &on%enient to e'$lo+ ,ree-,or'"t in$ut ith &o''"# #e$"r"tin. the "t" ,iel# in ue#tion/

The inter$ret"tion o, thi# reue#t &"r &on,ir'# onl+ the ,ir#t ,our $"r"'eter# on the &"r/ Thi# i# illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. line ,ro' the #olution to :H!ARI ?-38F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Ln &on#t/ 20 1/000-08 1/000-03 1/000-01 L 20    0/9 E2ponential !ittin/ to Represent FnO %ur/e Arresters

The &"l&ul"tion o, $"r"'eter# to re$re#ent Ln #ur.e "rre#ter# in%ol%e# " #e$"r"te #el,-&ont"ine $ro.r"' BARR?ATB "# e#&ribe in @e&tion ==-/ To tr"n#,er to #u&h &oe the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# u#eF

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Z N !

F I T T E R

58

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-39/ ,ro' thi# #olution "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

The inter$ret"tion eCtr"&te

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to .ener"te T+$e-92 Ln br"n&h &"r#/ L TTR


H02"3

14

Control o$ AutomaticB Internal +ranc@ and %;itc@ Namin/

The #t"rtu$ ,ile initi"li*e# %"ri"ble !AT hi&h &ontrol# hether or not br"n&he# ill "uto'"ti&"ll+ be #eri"li*e b+ the $ro.r"'/ There "re onl+ to $o##ibilitie#F B0B 'e"n# no #u&h "uto'"ti& n"'in. here"# B1B ill re#ult in #u&h n"'in./ ell h"te%er the @TARTP e&i#ion 'i.ht be the ,olloin. e&l"r"tion ill to..le (re%er#e) itF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A U T !

N A ME

59

The inter$ret"tion o, thi# reue#t &on,ir'# the #t"tu# o, %"ri"ble !AT ",ter the &h"n.e/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the ,olloin. &h"n.e ,ro' n"'in. to no n"'e#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------To..le "uto br"n&h#it&h n"'e/ !AT J 0/ AT A!

Conversion o$ !ormer %;itc@ed-RB4 Elements to T#pe-== and =

e"r# ".o ($rior to the B!32/B u$"te) the !TP h" #it&h &o'$onent# th"t "lloe ,or both re#i#ti%e "n inu&ti%e i#&ontinuitie#F #o-&"lle #it&he-R "n #it&he-< ele'ent#/ To"+ #u&h 'oelin. &"n be "&&o'$li#he u#in. the 'ore .ener"l $#euo-nonline"r ele'ent# o, t+$e &oe# 99 "n 98/ The u#er ho "nt# to "ntiu"te "t" in%ol%in. #it&he-R or #it&he-< ele'ent# into 'oern eui%"lent re$re#ent"tion# &"n i##ue the ,olloin. reue#tF

1

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7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C HA N ' E

S W I T C H

E8.0

X!T

60

Thi# #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r i# to be "e be,ore the ,ir#t 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r o, the "ntiu"te "t" &"#e/ on%er#ion i# "&&o'$li#he ithin " #$e&i"l $ro.r"' e#&ribe in @e&tion ==-?/ P"r"'eter =PT o, &olu'n# 33-40 i# the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter th"t #$e&i,ie# the unit# th"t "re bein. u#e ,or inu&t"n&e ('illihenrie# i, *ero or bl"nkM oh'# "t ,reuen&+ =PT H* i, $o#iti%e)/ @$e&i,i&"tion on the reue#t &"r 'e"n# le## intelli.en&e in#ie the #u$$ortin.


H02"3

15

$ro.r"' (no nee to look ,or the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r "n re" it)/ The #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' ill then re" "ll in$ut "t" "n $un&h (#ee DPH) re$l"&e'ent br"n&h &"r# to re$re#ent the "ntiu"te &o'$onent#/ t ill then be the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to re$l"&e the ol &"r i'".e# ith the ne one# u#in. hi# #+#te' eitor ("##u'in. &"r i'".e# r"ther th"n "&tu"l $un&he &"r# "re in%ol%e)/

An eC"'$le o, #u&h &on%er#ion i# $ro%ie b+ the thir #ub&"#e o, #t"n"r te#t &"#e :H!ARI ?-14/ The inter$ret"tion o, the reue#t &"r ,or thi# #olution "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------on%ert #it&he-R< &"r# to $#euo-nonline"r/ HA; @TH "odulariation o$ Data $or HINC4DE se ;it@ Ar/uments

The reue#t ,or " &o$+ o, #o'e "t" &o'$onent th"t i# #tore in " "t" b"#e .ener"ll+ reuire# D<? u#".e ith one or 'ore "r.u'ent#/ :ut hen "r.u'ent# "re $re#ent "t" 'u#t ,ir#t be $ro&e##e b+ the #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' o, @e&tion ==-/ Thi# $ro.r"' #e"r&he# the u#er# r" "t" ,or the &h"r"&ter #trin.# o, intere#t "n e#t"bli#he# nu'eri&"l $ointer# ,or "ll "r.u'ent# in orer to #$ee l"ter u#".e/ A #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r to be $l"&e in ,ront o, the u#er# r" "t" tr"n#,er# &ontrol to thi# &on%er#ion &oeF

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D AT A

B A S E

M ! D U L E

61

An eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e i# $ro%ie b+ :H!ARI ?-14/ t "# ,ro' the ,ir#t #ub&"#e o, thi# #olution th"t the ,olloin. inter$et"tion "# r"nF  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t ,or e,inition o, "t" b"#e 'oule#/ ?ATA :A@ !?< To//le C@oice +et;een Dis< and "emor# $or &lot Data %tora/e

The #t"rtu$ ,ile initi"li*e# %"ri"ble <T4 hi&h &ontrol# hether $lot "t" $oint# "re to be #tore on i#k or in 'e'or+ ithin @:RT P
Rulebook ATP (junio 1996 - internet) 1

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D I S )

 L !T

D A T A

62 or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee :H!ARI ?-3 ,or "n+ %irtu"l &o'$uter (e/./ A$ollo)/ t "# ,ro' thi# #olution th"t the ,olloin. inter$et"tion "# r"nF  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------To..le $lot "t" #tor".e &hoi&e/ <T4 J 4/ ?@I P<T ?ATA &unc@ +ranc@ Cards $or T#pe-=8 :#steretic Inductor

The nor'"l u#er o, h+#tere#i# 'oelin. ill kno hi# :-H &h"r"&teri#ti& "n &"n #i'$l+ in$ut it "&&orin. to the rule# o, @e&tion K-?/ :ut #o'e u#er# '"+ not h"%e "n+ ie" "bout '".neti& lo##e# ("n hen&e the ith o, the h+#tere#i# loo$)/ @o'e u#er# '"+ onl+ "nt " re$re#ent"ti%e loo$ ,or $reli'in"r+ eC$eri'ent"tion/ r #o'e u#er# '"+ not e%en &"re "bout the loo$ it#el, #in&e $o##ibl+ re#iu"l '".neti#' i# the onl+ $heno'enon o, intere#t ("n h+#tere#i# 'u#t be reue#te to h"%e it)/ or h"te%er re"#on the u#er &"n "&&e## " #t"n"r h+#tere#i# loo$ b+ 'e"n# o, the ,olloin. reue#tF

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H YS T E R E S I S

63

@u&h " &"r tr"n#,er# to the &oe o, @e&tion ==-H hi&h ill &re"te br"n&h &"r# ,or the T+$e-96 h+#tereti& inu&tor o, intere#t/

or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee the 3r #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-13/ ,olloin. illu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion "# t"ken ,ro' th"t #olutionF

The

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to '"ke T+$e-96 h+#tere#i# br"n&h &"r#/ H@TR@@ &ass .". Output 6ariales to T#pe-=* TAC% %ources

t i# $o##ible to $"## "n+ /!/ out$ut %"ri"ble to TA@ $ro%ie to #i'$le rule# "re ob#er%e/ ir#t the TA@ %"ri"ble th"t i# to be e,ine b+ the /!/ 'u#t be " T+$e-92 TA@ #our&e o, the #"'e n"'e (the #e&on o, the to 6-&h"r"&ter n"'e# th"t ienti,+ the /!/ %"ri"ble)/ @e&on the $ro.r"' 'u#t be "lerte to the u#er# e#ire ,or #u&h &ontrol b+ 'e"n# o, " e&l"r"tion re"in.F


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U M

T !

T A C S

64 ote th"t the /!/ %"ri"ble bein. $"##e 'u#t be " /!/ out$ut %"ri"ble but th"t there i# no reuire'ent o, thi# t+$e ithin TA@ here out$ut i# o$tion"l/ @in&e nothin. "# one to ienti,+ the &orre&t /!/ in the &"#e o, to or 'ore '"&hine# the "ttenti%e re"er '"+ h"%e &on&lue th"t there i# " te'$or"r+ li'it"tion to ju#t " #in.le '"&hine/ :ut li'it"tion# "re not "&tu"ll+ thi# re#tri&ti%e/ n ,"&t the &onne&tion lo.i& ill 'erel+ '"t&h " T+$e-92 #our&e ith the ,ir#t /!/ out$ut %"ri"ble h"%in. the reue#te n"'e/ The onl+ u#".e th"t i# i'$o##ible i# $"##in. o, the #"'e /!/ %"ri"ble ,ro' to i,,erent '"&hine# to TA@ then/ <"ter i, there i# "eu"te e'"n thi# li'it"tion ob%iou#l+ &oul be $ro%ie/ :ut ,or no (ebru"r+ 1987) e "re be.innin. #lol+ ith the #i'$le#t $o##ible lo.i&/ Another te'$or"r+ li'it"tion h"# to o ith initi"l &onition#F there ill be no tr"n#,er on #te$ *ero (,or ti'e *ero)/ Thi# i# be&"u#e the tr"n#,er i# one ithin the TA@ &oe o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ "n thi# &oe i# not &"lle ,or #te$ *ero/ , the re#ultin. i#&ontinuit+ "t ti'e *ero bother# the u#er he i# "l"+# ,ree to '"nu"ll+ #u$$l+ the initi"l &onition# ,or the TA@ %"ri"ble# o, &our#e/

An eC"'$le o, the ju#t-eC$l"ine e&l"r"tion i# $ro%ie b+ :H!ARI ?-10 to hi&h TA@ 'oelin. "# "e #olel+ to re&ei%e /!/ %"ri"ble#/ t "# ,ro' thi# #olution th"t the ,olloin. inter$ret"tion "# r"nF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------@en /!/ out$ut# to "n+ T+$e-92 TA@ #our&e#/ ! T TA@ S ?e&l"r"tion Displa# and "ana/e Central %tatus !ile o$ &arallel %TATI%TIC%

@o'e $ro.r"' %er#ion# "n #o'e in#t"ll"tion# h"%e netorkin. o, to or 'ore &o'$uter# th"t "llo &entr"l 'onitorin. "n &ontrol o, the $"rt# o, " !onte "rlo #tu+ th"t i# bein. #ol%e in $ie&e# .ener"ll+ b+ $"r"llel $ro&e##in./ Re,eren&e U52 $ro%ie# " et"ile eC$l"n"tion/ ell "&&e## to the #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' th"t i#$l"+# "n '"ni$ul"te# the &entr"l #t"ti#ti&# ,ile PARA<<
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!B

S E R(E

A

RA

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M!N

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CA

RL !

65

@in&e u#".e nor'"ll+ i# inter"&ti%e the BIB reue#t oul $re&ee thi# one hi&h &"n be "bbre%i"te BP!B ,or ui&ker ke+in./ The BTRA< @TAT@T@


<B reue#t to n"'e PARA<<
H02"3

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#houl &o'e beteen the#e to "# the

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------"'e o, ,ile ,or B:@RK PARA<<< !T AR<B TRA< @TAT@T@ < ile n"'eFPARA<<
@o'e &o'$uter# (e/./ A$ollo @un "n ? KA=K!@) #houl h"%e the P! &oe "%"il"ble "# " #e$"r"te #'"ll #u$$ortin. $ro.r"'/ , #o " &o''on n"'e oul be P!/=/ reuent u#er# $rob"bl+ ill ,in #u&h "n "ltern"ti%e $re,er"ble #in&e " #'"ll $ro.r"' i# le## e'"nin. o, &o'$uter re#our&e# th"n the !TP/ Al#o it "llo# ,or &o'$uter-e$enent eCten#ion# to the uni%er#"l ,e"ture# e#&ribe in @e&tion ==-:/ Name t@e Central %tatus !ile o$ &arallel %TATI%TIC%

The u#er o, B:@RK PARA<<< !T AR<B (BP!B in "bbre%i"te ,or') 'u#t n"'e PARA<<
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CENTRAL STATISTICS FILE

66

olu'n one o, the ,ile n"'e 'u#t not be " #l"#h (BB) #in&e thi# oul be 'i#t"ken b+ the $ro.r"' "# " reue#t ,or "t" #ortin. b+ &l"## (@e&tion -)/ There u#u"ll+ "re &o'$uter-e$enent "+# to "%oi the $roble' (e/./ ,or A$ollo Ae.i# be.in ith " b"&k#l"#h B^B)/ :ut ,or tho#e ho "re either unillin. or un"ble to u#e #u&h tri&k# $re&ee the le"in. #l"#h b+ "n eCtr" le"in. $er&ent #i.n (BVB) hi&h ill be i#&"re u$on in$ut/ in"ll+ ,or &"#e#en#iti%e &o'$uter# the ,ile n"'e .ener"ll+ #houl be in loer &"#e ,olloe b+ "n eC&l"'"tion $oint (BYB) to hol th"t &"#e e%en thou.h @TARTP %"ri"ble I@ h"# %"lue unit+/

An eC"'$le o, the ju#t-eC$l"ine e&l"r"tion i# $ro%ie b+ :H!ARI ?-48 t "# ,ro' thi# #olution th"t the ,olloin. inter$ret"tion "# r"nF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------"'e o, ,ile ,or B:@RK PARA<<< !T AR<B TRA< @TAT@T@ < ile n"'eF$"r"llel/li# $"r"llel/li# Y S A&tu"l Initialie t@e Random Numer Generator o$ %TATI%TIC%


H02"3

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A #in.le ,lo"tin.-$oint nu'ber i# u#e to initi"li*e the r"no' nu'ber .ener"tor o, !onte "rlo (B@TAT@T@B) #tuie#/ The eC$erien&e u#er &"n e,ine thi# #ee @?R u#in. the ,olloin. reue#tF

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RAND!M NUMBER 'ENERAT!R SEED

E24.0

SEEDRN

67

. 8-C@aracter ser Identi$ication Overrides %ERID o$ %TART&

or'"ll+ the @TARTP ,ile ill #u$$l+ the 6-&h"r"&ter u#er ienti,i&"tion @R?/ :ut the u#er '"+ "nt to o%errie thi# ,or #o'e re"#on/ The 'o#t i'$ort"nt &"#e i# ,or $"r"llel !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion# here i,,erent $ro&e##e# "re ienti,ie in the BTRA< @TAT@T@ <B b+ i,,erent @R?/ R"ther th"n reuire i,,erent @TARTP ,ile# the ,olloin. #$e&i"l-reue#t or &"n be u#e to re-e,ine @R?F

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USER IDENTIFICATI!N

A6

USERID

68

Re'e'ber th"t @R? i# teCt #o ,or the &o''on #itu"tion h"%in. @TARTP %"ri"ble I@ J 1 loer &"#e ill be '"int"ine onl+ i, "n BYB i# "e/ nter$ret"tion i# illu#tr"te b+ the #olution to :H!ARI ?-66 ,ro' hi&h B
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------%errie @R? o, @TARTP ith B
Truncate Output 4ines a$ter !ormation sin/ Widt@ O4'0*

or'"ll+ the @TARTP ,ile ill #u$$l+ the line ith ,or <T6 out$ut teCt u#in. %"ri"ble I<132/ :ut the u#er 'i.ht "nt to trun&"te the out$ut ",ter it h"# been ,or'e to thi# ith in orer to '"ke it e%en n"rroer/ Thi# i# $o##ible i, %"ri"ble IT i# e,ine to be le## th"n I<132/ The reue#t h"# the ,olloin. ,or'"tF


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TRUNCATE !UTUT LINES

I8

)UT!FF

69 @"'$le u#".e &"n be ,oun in the 5th #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-66 hi&h trun&"te# the 132-&olu'n out$ut o, to #hort error 'e##".e# to 125 &olu'n#/ llu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion t"ken ,ro' the #olution to thi# "t" #et i# "# ,ollo#F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------%errie I<132 o, @TARTP ith ITJ125/ TRAT TPT <@ 12 %;itc@ +et;een J!OR"ATTEDJ 1 JN!OR"ATTEDJ $or 4OAD "ORE %:OT%

The e,"ult #ettin. ,or the i#k ,ile# o, !onte "rlo eCtre'" i# R!ATT? #o i, thi# i# h"t i# "nte hen u#in. B<A? !R @HT@B no eCtr" reue#t i# reuire/ :ut be,ore lo"in. " R!ATT? ,ile o, eCtre'" the ,olloin. reue#t 'u#t be u#e to in,or' the $ro.r"' o, the 'oe &h"n.eF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

T!''LE EXTREMA M!DE

70

@houl " #ub#euent ,ile be R!ATT? " #e&on "$$li&"tion o, the reue#t ill be reuire to return to the e,"ult #ettin./ There i# no li'it on the nu'ber o, 'oe &h"n.e#/ or "n illu#tr"tion #ee the 2n "n 3r #ub&"#e# o, :H!ARI ?-40/ nter$ret"tion &on,ir'# the ne (ju#t-'oi,ie) #t"tu# ith "##o&i"te %"ri"ble <2R! J 0 ini&"tin. R!ATT? "n <2R! J 1 ini&"tin. R!ATT?/ llu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion &o'e# ,ro' the ,ir#t u#".e ithin the #olution to :H!ARI ?-40F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------To..le 'oe o, B<A? !R @HT@B/ <2R! J 1/ T;;< =TR!A !? se 4on/-4ine !ormulas $or Constant-&arameter Distriuted 4ines

or'"ll+ ,or the $h"#or #olution re#i#t"n&e i# lu'$e (14 on e"&h en "n h"l, in the 'ile) ,or &on#t"nt-$"r"'eter i#tribute line#/ Thi# ".ree# ith the 'oelin. o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ o, &our#e/ :ut #o'eti'e# the u#er '"+ "nt the &orre&t (eC"&t) re$re#ent"tion ,or the $h"#or #olution/ t &"n be obt"ine b+ the reue#tF


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H02"3

6

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21 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

EXACT HAS!R EUI(ALENT

71

An eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e &"n be ,oun in the #e&on #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-11/ llu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion &o'e# ,ro' the #olution o, thi# "t" #etF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------?o not lu'$ R ,or &on#t"nt-$"r"'eter i#tribute/ =AT PHA@R OKA<T &osition .&45 plot $ile on 4NIT5 read# $or 'st time step

@$e&i"l $o#itionin. i# reuire i, ne #i'ul"tion nu'ber# "re to be ritten i''ei"tel+ ,olloin. eCi#tin. he"er in,or'"tion o, "n ol B/P<4B $lot ,ile/ A##u'in. th"t the $lot ,ile "lre"+ i# &onne&te to  unit nu'ber <T4 (#ee @TARTP) the u#er reue#t ,or #u&h $o#itionin. i#F

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

READ L4 HEADER

72

The u#u"l "$$li&"tion ill in%ol%e B@TART A;AB hi&h otheri#e oul &re"te " $lot ,ile ithout the he"er in,or'"tion th"t i# neee ,or l"ter $lottin./ :+ 'e"n# o, the BRA? P<4 HA?RB reue#t " &o'$lete #el,-&ont"ine $lot ,ile &"n be $rou&e b+ the B@TART A;AB #i'ul"tion/ An eC"'$le &"n be ,oun in the 4-th #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-40 hi&h u#e# the he"er $rou&e b+ the 2n #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-24/ ote th"t no $lot $oint# ,ro' the ,ir#t #i'ul"tion ill be $re#er%e hoe%er/ llu#tr"ti%e inter$ret"tion &o'e# ,ro' the #olution to :H!ARI ?-40F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------R? <T4 $lot ,ile then re" the he"er/ RA? P<4 HA?R Calculation o$ "atrices to Represent Trans$ormers

The &"l&ul"tion o, '"tri&e# UR "n U< or UA "n UR to re$re#ent "rbitr"r+ tr"n#,or'er# i# e#&ribe in the #e$"r"te @e&tion ==-/ here"# the B=R!RB reue#t o, @e&tion -A-38 i# ,or "t" li'ite to " #in.le $h"#e "n three inin.# the &oe no bein. &on#iere (#u$$ortin. $ro.r"' B:TRAB) &"n be u#e ith "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, $h"#e# "n inin.#/ The tr"n#,er to B:TRAB i# b+ 'e"n# o, the #$e&i"l-reue#t &"rF


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H02"3

6

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22 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

ACCESS M!DULE BCTRAN

73 or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee "n+ o, the three #ub&"#e# o, :H!ARI ?-8/ nter$ret"tion eCtr"&te ,ro' the #olution to thi# "t" &"#e "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------;ener"te tr"n#,or'er URU< or UAUR/ A@@ !?< :TRA Convert %ATRA+4E trans$ormer cards to KRLB K4L

The &"l&ul"tion o, '"tri&e# UR "n U< to $ro%ie " line"r re$re#ent"tion ,or " #"tur"ble TRA@R!R i# e#&ribe in the #e$"r"te @e&tion ==-/ The #$e&i"lreue#t or BHA; TRA@R!RB $ro%ie# the tr"n#,er "# illu#tr"te b+ :H!ARI ?-67/ The out$ut o, thi# #olution illu#tr"te# inter$ret"tion o, the tr"n#,erF

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------on%ert #"tur"ble TRA@R!R into UR U</ HA; TRA@R!R Comination o$ * or more partial "onte Carlo studies

The B<A? !R @HT@B reue#t i# u#e to re" ,ro' " i#k ,ile o, eCtre'" th"t "# $rou&e b+ " $re&ein. !onte "rlo #olution/ or et"il# #ee B@TART A;AB in @e&tion -A-33/ De$ine t@e INTEGER9REA4 variale split o$ ne; TAC%

The ne TA@ (un"%"il"ble be,ore 1989) #tore# inte.er "n ,lo"tin.-$oint "t" in " #in.le %e&tor th"t i# #i*e b+
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TACS SLIT

E8.0

RATI!

74 K"ri"ble RAT i# the inte.er to ,lo"tin.-$oint r"tio ,or the "llo&"tion/ the "b#en&e o, #u&h " e&l"r"tion the %"lue 2/0 ill be u#e/

n


H02b

1

II-+ "iscellaneous Data CardsB !loatin/-point and Inte/er

There "re to t+$e# o, 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r#F ,lo"tin.-$oint "n inte.er/ :oth &"r t+$e# ill be eC$l"ine in the re'"iner o, #e&tion -:/ urther there "re "l#o eCten#ion# to the#e 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r#/ The#e eCten#ion# ill be eC$l"ine in #e&tion -/

floating-point miscellaneous data card

The ,ir#t non-&o''ent &"r th"t i# not re&o.ni*e "# bein. "n+ o, the $re&ein. #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r# ill be "##u'e to be the ,lo"tin.-$oint 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r hi&h h"# the ,olloin. ,or'"tF

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3

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5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

E8.0

E8.0

DELTAT

TMAX

E8.0

E8.0

X!T

C!T

E8.0

E8.0

ESILN

T!LMAT

6

9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2

7

8

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

E8.0

TSTART

75 &arameters

?
T!A= F the en ti'e o, the #tu+ in #e&on#/

=PT F " %"lue th"t ini&"te# hether it i# inu&t"n&e in 'illihenrie# or inu&ti%e re"&t"n&e in oh'# th"t i# to be ke+e on line"r br"n&h &"r#/ 1) , =PT J 0 inu&t"n&e# "re to be ke+e in 'illihenrie#/ 2) , =PT X 0 then %"lue# "re to be in oh'# "t ,reuen&+ =PT (in Hert*)/ n either &"#e re'e'ber th"t thi# &hoi&e o, the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r &"n be &h"n.e "t "n+ $oint o, "t" in$ut b+ 'e"n# o, the ,ir#t "r.u'ent o, " DT@ &"r/

PT F " %"lue th"t ini&"te# hether it i# &"$"&it"n&e in 'i&ro,"r"# or &"$"&iti%e re"&t"n&e in 'i&ro'ho# th"t i# to be ke+e on line"r br"n&h &"r#/ 1) , PT J 0 &"$i&it"n&e# "re to be ke+e in 'i&ro,"r"#/ 2) , PT X 0 then %"lue# "re to be in 'i&ro'ho# "t ,reuen&+ PT (in Hert*)/ n either &"#e re'e'ber th"t thi# &hoi&e o, the 'i#&ell"neou#


H02b

2

"t" &"r &"n be &h"n.e "t "n+ $oint o, "t" in$ut b+ 'e"n# o, the #e&on $"r"'eter o, " DT@ &"r/

P@< F the ne"r-*ero toler"n&e th"t i# u#e to te#t #in.ul"rit+ o, the re"l &oe,,i&ient '"triC ithin the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ A bl"nk or *ero %"lue 'e"n# th"t the %"lue o, the @TARTP ,ile ill be u#e/ or 64-bit (RA<>8) &o'$ut"tion hi&h i# the 'o#t &o''on " e,"ult %"lue o, 1/-8 i# t+$i&"l/ Hi#tori&"ll+ ork be."n u#in. 36-bit &o'$ut"tion ,or hi&h " e,"ult %"lue o, 1/-5 "# u#e/

T
T@TART F The be.innin. ti'e o, " #i'ul"tion in #e&on#/ or'"ll+ T@TART ill be *ero or bl"nk/ nl+ hen the B@TART A;AB ,e"ture i# in u#e (#ee #e&tion -A-33) it &"n be u#e,ull to #$e&i,+ T@TART X 0 (e/./ $ut the %"lue eu"l to T!A= o, " $re%iou# "t" &"#e +ou "nt to &ontinue)/ ?et"il# re."rin. ,in"l t"ble u'$in. et&/ &"n be ,oun in ?49/

integer miscellaneous data card

The ju#t-e#&ribe ,lo"tin.-$oint 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# to be ,olloe b+ "n inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r be"rin. the ,olloin. in,or'"tionF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

I8

I!UT

IL!T

I8

ID!UBL

I8

)SS!UT

I8

MAX!UT

I8

IUN

I8

MEMSA(

I8

ICAT

I8

NERER'

I8

IRSU

76

&arameters

T .i%e# the ,reuen&+ o, <T6 ($rinte) out$ut ithin the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ /./ " %"lue o, 3 'e"n# th"t e%er+ 3r ti'e #te$ ill be $rinte/ A %"lue o, *ero or bl"nk i# &h"n.e to unit+/ or BRO @AB u#".e it i# out$ut ithin the loo$ o%er ,reuen&ie# th"t i# &ontrolle r"ther th"n the loo$ o%er ti'e o, &our#e/

P<T .i%e# the ,reuen&+ ,or #"%in. #olution $oint# o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ ,or $ur$o#e# o, l"ter $lottin./ /./ " %"lue o, 3 'e"n# th"t e%er+ 3r ti'e #te$ ill be #"%e/ A %"lue o, *ero or bl"nk i# &h"n.e to unit+ "n "n+ e%en %"lue i# in&re"#e b+ one to '"ke it o/ An e%en $lottin. ,reuen&+ i# not "lloe be&"u#e o, the likelihoo o, e&e$tionF " #"toothe o#&ill"tion oul .o unnoti&e/


H02b

3

?:< &ontrol# the <T6 out$ut o, " t"ble #hoin. netork &onne&ti%it+/ A %"lue o, *ero or bl"nk ill #u$$re## #u&h out$ut here"# unit+ ill $rou&e it/ or e"&h noe there i# #hon " li#t o, other noe# to hi&h there "re $h+#i&"l &onne&tion#/ !utu"l &ou$lin. beteen $h"#e# o, 'ulti$h"#e ele'ent# i# i.nore in thi# out$ut "# i# the &"$"&it"n&e to .roun o, Pi-&ir&uit# "n i#tribute-$"r"'eter line#/ The n"'e BTRRA B ("# re" in ,ro' the @TARTP ,ile) i# u#e ,or .roun in#te" o, #iC bl"nk &h"r"&ter# to i'$ro%e re""bilit+/ rerin. o, the ro# i# in orer o, in$ut eC&e$t ,or the ,in"l ro hi&h "$$lie# to .roun (noe nu'ber one hi&h i# l"bele BTRRA R!AB)/ I@@T &ontrol# the $rintout o, the #te"+-#t"te $h"#or #olution/ There "re 3 b"#i& t+$e# o, out$ut#F br"n&h ,lo# #it&h ,lo# "n no"l inje&tion#/ The#e &"n be &ontrolle b+ the %"lue o, I@@T "# ,ollo#F 0 JJJX o #te"+-#t"te #olution $rintout/ 1 JJJX Print the &o'$lete #te"+-#t"te #olutionF br"n&h ,lo# #it&h ,lo# "n #our&e inje&tion#/ 2 JJJX Print #it&h ,lo# "n #our&e inje&tion# but not br"n&h ,lo#/ 3 JJJX Print br"n&h ,lo# reue#te b+ &olu'n 80 $un&he# #it&h ,lo# "n #our&e inje&tion#/

!A=T &ontrol# $rintout o, eCtre'" "t the &o'$letion o, the #i'ul"tion/ Ie+in. " *ero or bl"nk ill #u$$re## #u&h &o'$ut"tion "n out$ut here"# the %"lue unit+ ill $rou&e it/

P i# u#e to reue#t the in$ut o, "n eCtr" ,olloin. &"r to %"r+ the $rintout ,reuen&+/ #e " %"lue o, B-1B to reue#t #u&h "n eCtr" &"r or *ero or bl"nk i, no #u&h eCtr" &"r i# "nte/ Re,er to @e&tion --4 ,or et"il# o, the ,olloin. &"r/ Altern"ti%el+ u#e BHA; PRTT ROB o, @e&tion -A to "&&o'$li#h the #"'e thin./

!!@AK &ontrol# the u'$in. o, !TP 'e'or+ onto i#k "t the en o, the #i'ul"tion ,or #ub#euent u#e ith the B@TART A;AB reue#t o, @e&tion -A/ Ie+ B1B i, #u&h 'e'or+ #"%in. i# e#ire or *ero or bl"nk i, it i# not/ or the #in.le eter'ini#ti& #i'ul"tion the t"ble #"%in. i# one "t ti'e T!A= (,lo"tin.-$oint 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter)/ or !onte "rlo (B@TAT@T@B) #tuie# thi# i# u$on &o'$letion o, ener.i*"tion nu'ber R; (inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter)/ !e'or+ #"%in. i# " $oer,ul "n u#e,ul tool o, the $rou&tion u#er/ Hoe%er be "rne th"t #u&h t"ble #"%in. "n l"ter u#e '"+ be &o'$uter e$enent #o in,or'"tion "bout the &o'$uter bein. u#e #houl be &on#ulte/ The n"'e o, the re#ult"nt t"ble# i# eter'ine b+ " DP e&l"r"tion on <T2 th"t 'u#t $re&ee #u&h u#".e/ !o#t &o''onl+ the DP i# $l"&e i''ei"tel+ be,ore the bl"nk &"r enin. out$ut reue#t#/ Al#o on&e the t"ble# "re &o'$lete it i# the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to i#&onne&t the' (u#e D<@ "t the be.innin. o, ,olloin. $lot &"r#)/ An+ u#er o, thi# ,e"ture #houl be ,urther "rne th"t " l"ter ""kenin. o, the hibern"tin. #i'ul"tion i# .u"r"ntee onl+ i, the #"'e $ro.r"' %er#ion i# #"%e "n i# u#e ,or the ,olloin. B@TART A;AB #i'ul"tion/ or "n illu#tr"tion in%ol%in. " #in.le eter'ini#ti& #i'ul"tion #ee :H!ARI ?-32 "n ?-49/ or #u&h u#".e ith " !onte "rlo #tu+ #ee :H!ARI ?-24 "n ?-40/

A ,in"l &o''ent i# "bout !onte "rlo #tuie#/ , #o'e #tu+ i# to be #ol%e in to or 'ore ine$enent $ie&e# th"t "re l"ter to be &o'bine


H02b

then ,or the 2n or l"ter $ortion (e"&h "##o&i"te ith " B<A? !R @HT@B e&l"r"tion o, the eCe&ution th"t &o'bine# the re#ult#) the %"lue B2B i# to be ke+e r"ther th"n B1B/ The i,,eren&e i# .re"t/ nit+ re#ult# in the u'$in. o, "ll t"ble# (in&luin.
AT i# to be le,t bl"nk (or *ero) i, there i# to be no $er'"nent #"%in. o, r" $lot "t" $oint# th"t 'i.ht be ritten to  &h"nnel nu'ber <T4 urin. the #i'ul"tion/ :ut #houl #u&h $er'"nent #"%in. be e#ire then " $o#iti%e %"lue i# reuireF 1 JJJX @"%e the $oint# but i.nore "n+ b"t&h-'oe $lot &"r# th"t 'i.ht be $re#ent/ 2 JJJX @"%e the $oint# "n "l#o honor "n+ b"t&h-'oe $lot &"r# th"t 'i.ht be $re#ent/ or 'o#t &o'$uter# the i#k ,ile in ue#tion ill be intern"ll+ n"'e b"#e on the "te "n ti'e o, "+ hen the #i'ul"tion be."n/ @ee the $lot ,ile he"in. ,or #u&h et"il#/ @u&h et"il# "re &ontrolle b+ in#t"ll"tion-e$enent @:RT @@?P #o it i# not $o##ible to be 'u&h 'ore #$e&i,i&/ @ee et"il# ,or the &o'$uter o, intere#t/

R; i# to be le,t bl"nk (or *ero) ,or #in.le eter'ini#ti& #i'ul"tion#/ :ut ,or B@TAT@T@B or B@@T!ATB "t" &"#e# thi# i# to be the tot"l nu'ber o, ener.i*"tion# (eC&lu#i%e o, "n+ $o##ible eCtr" b"#e-&"#e #olution)/ A$$en " 'inu# #i.n i, B@@T!ATB u#".e i# in%ol%e --- " ,l". to i#tin.ui#h #u&h " &"#e ,ro' !onte "rlo #tuie#/ Al#o re'e'ber th"t "n eCtr" B@TAT@T@B or B@@T!ATB 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r (@e&tion --1) 'u#t ,ollo/

PR@P i# nor'"ll+ le,t bl"nk or *ero/ , ke+e "# " $o#iti%e %"lue thi# i# the i".no#ti& $rintout &ontrol th"t i# to be "$$lie to "ll TP o%erl"+#/ The #"'e re#ult &"n be obt"ine %i" $"r"'eter PR@P in the @TARTP ,ile/ :ut #in&e the u#er nor'"ll+ ill "nt to #ele&ti%el+ &ontrol #u&h out$ut o%erl"+ b+ o%erl"+ he #houl in#te" u#e the B?A;@TB #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r (#ee #e&tion -A-12)/

nter$ret"tion o, the ju#t-e#&ribe ,lo"tin.-$oint "n inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# &on,ir'# onl+ the ,ir#t three ,lo"tin.-$oint $"r"'eter# but "ll inte.er $"r"'eter#/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the to "##o&i"te out$ut line# o, :H!ARI ?-4F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------!i#&/ "t"/ 1/000-02 6/000N00 0/000N00  /010 6/0 !i#&/ "t"/ 1 1 1 1 1 -1 0 0 0 0  1 1 1

4

Rulebook ATP >junio 1996 - internet)

H02&

1

II-C. %peciall#-Reuested E2tensions to "iscellaneous Data Cards

To o, the ju#t-e#&ribe inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter# (#ee #e&tion -:) &"n reuire the in$ut o, "ition"l #u$$le'ent"l eCten#ion# th"t "re to i''ei"tel+ ,ollo the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r#/ , none or onl+ one i# u#e there i# no ue#tion o, orerin./ :ut i, both eCten#ion# "re reuire then the#e 'u#t be "$$ene in the orer o, $re#ent"tion ith the B@TAT@T@@@T!ATB &"r (@e&tion --1 to --3) $re&ein. the &"r th"t &ontrol# the out$ut ,reuen&+ (@e&tion --4)/ "STATISTICS" Miscellaneous Data Card for Actual Simulation

, "n onl+ i, R; (&ol#/ 65-72) o, the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# $o#iti%e (i/e/ ,l". ,or @TAT@T@ #tuie# #ee #e&tion K/:/1) then the ,olloin. "ition"l &"r &"lle the B@TAT@T@B 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# reuireF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

ISW

I8

ITEST

I8

I8

IDIST

IMAX

I8

IDICE

I8

I8

)ST!UT

)NTRT

U"#$%&

I8

NSEED

77

&arameters

@ eter'ine# hether there i# to be $rinte out$ut o, "ll the %"ri"ble #it&h &lo#in.o$enin. ti'e# ,or e"&h o, the R; ener.i*"tion#/ Lero ill #u$$re## #u&h out$ut here"# unit+ ill $ro%ie it/ or the #$e&i"l &"#e here B4444B i# ke+e in &olu'n# 5-8 $le"#e re,er to #e&tion --3 e#&ribin. the #$e&i"l ,e"ture o, ? T@T;/

T@T &ontrol# hether "n eCtr" r"no' el"+ &"l&ul"te u#in. the $"r"'eter# ?;! ?;!A= "n @TATR (#ee @TARTP ,ile) i# to be "e to r"no'l+-.ener"te #it&hin. ti'e# ,or e"&h ener.i*"tion/ A *ero or bl"nk 'e"n# th"t there ill be #u&h "n "ition ,or "ll r"no' #it&he#M the %"lue B1B 'e"n# th"t there ill be no #u&h "ition ,or "n+ r"no' #it&hM the %"lue B2B 'e"n# th"t #u&h "n "ition ill be '"e onl+ to r"no' &lo#in. (not o$enin.) ti'e#M " %"lue B3B 'e"n# th"t #u&h "n "ition ill be '"e onl+ to r"no' o$enin. (not &lo#in.) ti'e#/ or et"il# on the#e i,,erent #it&h t+$e# e re,er to #e&tion K/:/

?@T &hoo#e# beteen the to t+$e# o, i&e (i#tribution l"#) th"t "re "%"il"ble/ A *ero or bl"nk %"lue 'e"n# th"t "ll r"no'l+-.ener"te #it&hin. ti'e# "re to h"%e ;"u##i"n (nor'"l) i#tribution here"# " %"lue o, unit+ 'e"n# th"t " uni,or' i#tribution i# to be u#e in#te"/ ote th"t thi# i# T "$$li&"ble to the eCtr" r"no' el"+ (#ee T@T $"r"'eter) hi&h i# "##u'e "l"+# to ,ollo " uni,or' i#tribution/


H02&

!A= ill nor'"ll+ be le,t bl"nk or ke+e "# *ero/ t i# to be ke+e ith B1B i, the u#er "nt# "ition"l $rintout o, eter'ini#ti& eCtre'" ,or e"&h ener.i*"tion/ The eCtre'" in ue#tion "re tho#e nor'"ll+ #een "t the en o, " &on%ention"l #in.le #i'ul"tion th"t h"# inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter !A=T eu"l to unit+/ @u&h out$ut h"# '"Ci'" ti'e# o, '"Ci'" 'ini'" "n ti'e# o, 'ini'" --- "ll eCtr" out$ut ("n "ition to r"ther th"n " re$l"&e'ent ,or the nor'"l out$ut ,or e"&h ener.i*"tion)/

? &ontrol# hether or not #t"n"r r"no' nu'ber# (th"t %"r+ neither ith ti'e nor ith '"nu,"&turer o, the &o'$uter) "re to be u#e/ The %"lue B1B ill .i%e #u&h #t"n"r r"no' nu'ber# here"# " bl"nk or *ero ill re#ult in the u#e o, &o'$uter-e$enent i&e i, #u&h #e$"r"te i&e h"%e been $ro%ie/ @$e&i,i&# ill e$en u$on the in#t"ll"tion-e$enent lo.i& o, TR RA?L o, BR<1B/ or re"#on# o, re$e"t"bilit+ "n uni%er#"lit+ #t"n"r te#t &"#e# #u&h "# :H!ARI ?-24 ?-40 ?-48 ?-50 "n ?PRT-13 "ll u#e ? J 1/

I@TT &ontrol# hether or not e"&h ener.i*"tion i# to h"%e "e $rintout th"t nor'"ll+ i# "##o&i"te onl+ ith " &on%ention"l #in.le #i'ul"tion/ n&lue "re out$ut o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ "n %"ri"ble eCtre'" (i, inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter !A=T i# $o#iti%e)/ The #&"l"r eCtre'" o, BPAI K
ITRPT i# nor'"ll+ le,t bl"nk or *ero/ , ke+e ith " non*ero inte.er it i# t"ken to be the ener.i*"tion nu'ber IT th"t i# to be re$e"te ('ne'oni&"ll+ B&ount re$e"tB)/ Thi# onl+ h"# 'e"nin. ,or B@TART A;AB u#".e here eCe&ution be.in# ith the !onte "rlo hi#tor+ (in&luin. ener.i*"tion nu'ber ITRPT) "lre"+ #tore in 'e'or+/ n &"#e to or 'ore #et# o, !onte "rlo hi#tor+ h"%e been lo"e (the ,ir#t b+ B@TART A;AB "n the #e&on or l"ter #et b+ B<A? !R @HT@B) nu'berin. o, the ener.i*"tion# i# &u'ul"ti%e in the orer the ,ile# ere lo"e/ , &our#e ITRPT 'u#t be $o#iti%e "n not l"r.er th"n the tot"l nu'ber o, lo"e ener.i*"tion#/ olloin. the BT! @TP <PB reue#t the u#er ill #ee the he"in. o, %"ri"ble n"'e# ,olloe b+ ti'e-#te$ loo$ $rintout ("##u'in. he reue#te thi# ith I@TT J 0)/ olloin. #u&h out$ut the 'e'or+ o, !onte "rlo u#".e i# er"#e #o b"t&h-'oe $lottin. (not +et o$er"tion"l) ill &o'$lete the "t" &"#e/ or "n illu#tion #ee the 4th "t" #ub&"#e o, :H!ARI ?-40/

@? &ontrol# hether or not " !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion i# re$e"t"ble #houl it e%er be rerun u#in. the #"'e &o'$uter/ A bl"nk or *ero 'e"n# th"t th"t e%er+ #olution ill be i,,erent (i/e/ no re$e"t"bilit+) here"# unit+ ill re#ult in ienti&"l "n#er# e%er+ ti'e the "t" &"#e i# #ol%e on the &o'$uter o, intere#t/ At i##ue i# the #ee o, the r"no' nu'ber .ener"tin. "l.orith'/ or'"ll+ (,or bl"nk or *ero in &ol#/ 73-80) thi# e$en# on the ti'e o, "+/ :ut ,or re$e"t"bilit+ (%"lue unit+) " &on#t"nt #ee i# u#e/

2


H02&

3

!onte "rlo #tuie# "re i'$ort"nt enou.h "n tri&k+ enou.h #o th"t e"&h #houl be #ol%e #e$"r"tel+ u#in. " #e$"r"te i#k ,ile/ The #t"&kin. o, to or 'ore "t" &"#e# o, hi&h one i# " !onte "rlo #tu+ i# not re&o''ene/ :ut ,or tho#e ho belie%e in li%in. "n.erou#l+ b+ #t"&kin. to or 'ore !onte "rlo #tuie# ithin " #in.le i#k ,ile re'e'ber to u#e D@TARTP "t the be.innin. o, the #e&on or l"ter o, the#e/ Thi# i# neee to reiniti"li*e the &riti&"l t"bleu'$in. &ontrol TR;/
nter$ret"tion o, the $re%iou#l+-e#&ribe B@TAT@T@B 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r &on,ir'# onl+ the ,ir#t #iC $"r"'eter#/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the "##o&i"te out$ut o, :H!ARI ?-24F

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------@t"ti#ti&# "t"/ 1 1 0 0 1 0  1 1 0 "SYSTEMATIC" Miscellaneous Data Card

, "n onl+ i, R; (&ol#/ 65-72) o, the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# ne."ti%e (i/e/ ,l". ,or @@T!AT #tuie# #ee #e&tion K/:/2) then the ,olloin. "ition"l &"r &"lle the B@@T!ATB 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# reuireF

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I8

ISW

I8

ITEST

U"#$%&

I8

IMAX

U"#$%&

I8

)ST!UT

78

&arameters

@ F @"'e "# ,or $re&ein. B@TAT@T@B u#e/

T@T &ontrol# hether #it&h ti'e# to be #$e&i,ie on &olu'n# 15-24 o, the @@T!AT #it&h &"r "re to be T be. or T'i (#ee #e&tion K/:/2)/ #e bl"nk or *ero i, T 'i i# to be u#eor unit+ i, T be. i# to be #$e&i,ie/

!A= F @"'e "# ,or $re&ein. B@TAT@T@B u#e/

I@TT F @"'e "# ,or $re&ein. B@TAT@T@B u#e/

nter$ret"tion o, the ju#t-e#&ribe B@@T!ATB 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# in ,"&t ienti&"l to th"t ,or B@TAT@T@B/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier the "##o&i"te out$ut o, :H!ARI ?-16F


H02&

4

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------@t"ti#ti&# "t"/ 1 1 0 0 0 0  1 1 S  "STATISTICS"

Miscellaneous Data Card for Dice Testing

t i# $o##ible to te#t " r"no' nu'ber .ener"tor ithout "&tu"ll+ $er,or'in. the #i'ul"tion# th"t nor'"ll+ oul e$en u$on the r"no' nu'ber .ener"tor/ , "n onl+ i, R; (&ol#/ 65-72) o, the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r i# $o#iti%e "n i, &ol#/ 5-8 o, the B@TAT@T@B 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r (i/e/ %"ri"ble @) "re ke+e ith B4444B then onl+ " te#t o, r"no' nu'ber# i# e#ire/ or #u&h u#".e the eCtr" &"r ,olloin. the inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r h"# the ,olloin. ,or'"t "# " #i'$ler %er#ion o, the ori.in"l &"r o, @e&tion --1F

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8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

4444

ISW

I8

ITEST

U"#$%&

I8

U"#$%&

IDICE

I8

NSEED

79

@ F The B4444B i# " reue#t ,or i&e te#tin./

T@T .i%e# the nu'ber o, $oint# $er #t"n"r e%i"tion o, the t"bul"tion# th"t "re to re#ult/ A *ero i# .i%en the e,"ult %"lue o, 2/0 ('e"nin. 8 entrie# on either #ie o, the 'e"n i, @;!A= J 4/0 in the @TARTP ,ile)/

? F The #"'e "# ,or @e&tion --1 "bo%e/

@? F The #"'e "# ,or @e&tion --1 "bo%e/

on&ernin. the re#t o, the "t" &"#e it #houl be le."l &"r enin. #it&h &"r#/ nl+ the #it&h &"r# "re br"n&h &"r# "re "rbit"r+ "# lon. "# no error re#ult# &"r# "re re"/ in"ll+ there #houl be " B:;  the botto' #in&e thi# ill be #e"r&he ,or ju#t "# ,olloin. "n !TP error 'e##".e/

throu.h the bl"nk "&tu"ll+ u#e #o be,ore the #it&h ?ATA A@B &"r "t oul be the &"#e

@it&hin. ti'e# ill be .ener"te ,or e"&h o, the R; i'".in"r+ ener.i*"tion# (in ,"&t $ro.r"' &ontrol ne%er le"%e# o%erl"+ 12)/ There then ill be " t"bul"tion ,or e"&h $"ir o, ;"u##i"n #it&he#/ Re&"ll th"t i, the &lo#in. ti'e ,or e"&h o, to #it&he# h"# ;"u##i"n (nor'"l) i#tribution then #o oe# the i,,eren&e o, the#e to/ The 'e"n o, the i,,eren&e ill be the


H02&

5

i,,eren&e o, the 'e"n# here"# the %"ri"n&e o, the i,,eren&e ill be the #u' o, the to %"ri"n&e#/ or ! ;"u##i"n #it&he# there ill be !>(!-1)2 #u&h $"ir# o, #it&he#/ or e"&h $"ir  there ill be one t"bul"te out$ut #hoin. both the eC$eri'ent"l "n the theoreti&"l &u'ul"ti%e i#tribution ,un&tion#/ @ee :H!ARI ?-50 ,or "n eC"'$le/

The ju#t-e#&ribe t"bul"tion onl+ "$$lie# to to #it&he# h"%in. ;"u##i"n #it&hin. ti'e#/ , one o, the #it&he# i# eter'ini#ti& or i, one i# r"no' but uni,or'l+-i#tribute then the t"bul"tion i# #ki$$e/

There i# no ne inter$ret"tion ,or the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r o, i&e te#tin./ Re,er to the $re&ein. @e&tion# --2 or --3 ,or illu#tr"tion#/ Change of Frequency of the Time-Step Loop Printout

The ,reuen&+ o, <T6 $rintout ithin the ti'e-#te$ loo$ i# no'in"ll+ &ontrolle b+ inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter T o, @e&tion -:/ :ut thi# ,reuen&+ &"n be %"rie "# the #i'ul"tion ti'e "%"n&e#/ ne "+ h"# "lre"+ been o&u'ente in @e&tion -AF u#e o, " BHA; PRTT ROB reue#t/ Another i# to ke+ inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter P (&ol#/ 4148) "# B-1B "n "$$en the ,olloin. &"rF

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1$* "%

I8

)CH'

2"& "%

I8

MULT

I8

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3,& "%

I8

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4* "%

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5* "%

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80

Thi# &"r #$e&i,ie# "t hi&h ti'e #te$# the $rintout ,reuen&+ i# to be &h"n.e "n to h"t %"lue# the ,reuen&+ i# to be &h"n.e/ $ to ,i%e $"ir# o, the#e (IH; !
IH;(I)F The ti'e #te$ nu'ber "t hi&h the I-th %"ri"tion o, $rintout ,reuen&+ i# to be.in/ Printout ,or thi# $"rti&ul"r #te$ nu'ber i# "l"+# $ro%ie "# " be.innin. to the ne ,reuen&+ o, out$ut/

!
, " 'inu# #i.n i# "$$ene to !
o, @e&tion -A-12 ("

B?A;@TB

reue#t)M


2/ PR(1F4)

H02&

o, @e&tion -A-3 (BA
, there i# no 'inu# #i.n there ill be no &h"n.e in #t"tu# o, the i".no#ti& $rintout "t the "##o&i"te ti'e #te$/ An+ 'inu# #i.n# "re 'erel+ eCtr" ,l".#/ The "b#olute %"lue o, !
6


H04

1

I6 4INEAR +RANC: CARD% Introduction What are branch cards

:r"n&h &"r# "re &"r# here one &"n e,ine i,,erent kin# o, br"n&he#/ ?i#tin&tion #houl be '"e beteen line"r "n non-line"r br"n&he#/ The non-line"r br"n&he# ill be i#&u##e in 'ore et"il in &h"$ter K/ olloin. t+$e# o, line"r br"n&he# ill be i#&u##e in thi# &h"$terF - un&ou$le lu'$e #erie# R-<- (t+$e 0) - 'utu"ll+-&ou$le lu'$e R-<- ele'ent# (t+$e 123///) > #in.le $h"#e P-&ir&uit > 'ulti$h"#e P-&ir&uit - 'utu"ll+-&ou$le lu'$e R-< ele'ent# (t+$e 515253///) - i#tribute-$"r"'eter ele'ent# ith &on#t"nt tr"n#,or'"tion (t+$e -1-2-3///) > &on#t"nt-$"r"'eter line 'oel# (i#tortionle## or lu'$e re#i#t"n&e or eC"&t P) tr"n#$o#e J l"rke 'oel untr"n#$o#e J I// ouble-&ir&uit &on#t"nt-$"r"'eter line 'oel# > ,reuen&+ e$enent line 'oel (!ART) > re&ur#i%e-&on%olution line 'oel (@!<)

'"triC

- #"tur"ble tr"n#,or'er &o'$onent - &"#&"e P ,e"ture (#te"+ #t"te onl+) - $h"#or br"n&h U in$ut (#te"+ #t"te onl+) or "ll lu'$e ele'ent# " nor'"l $re&i#ion "# ell "# "n hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t eCi#t/ Thi# ill be eC$l"ine on rele%"nt $l"&e#/ or "ll 'utu"ll+ &ou$le lu'$e ele'ent# both "n R< "# ell "# "n AR not"tion eCi#t/ Thi# ill be eC$l"ine on rele%"nt $l"&e#/ or 'o#t o, the "bo%e br"n&h t+$e# there "re #u$$ortin. routine# "%"il"ble hi&h &"n be u#e to .ener"te the ne&e##"r+ "t" in the $ro$er in$ut ,or'"t/ here%er "$$ro$ri"te re,eren&e ill be '"e to rele%"nt #u$$ortin. routine#/ Where are the branch cards situated on the input file structure

A# eC$l"ine in #e&tion - (@tru&ture o, !TP in$ut "t") the br"n&h &"r# "l"+# $re&ee the #it&h &"r .rou$in./ Thi# 'e"n# th"t br"n&h &"r# h"%e to ,ollo either the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# (hen no TA@ H:R? i# "&ti%e) or the TA@ &"r .rou$in. (hene%er TA@ H:R? i# in u#e)/ Re&"ll th"t both line"r "# ell "# non-line"r br"n&h &"r# belon. to the br"n&h &"r .rou$/ The+ &"n be $ut in "n+ "rbitr"r+ orer/ ?o not ,or.et to ter'in"te the .rou$in. o, br"n&h &"r# b+ " bl"nk &"r or " &"r &ont"inin. the teCt B:

The BDKTA; 1B-&"r hi&h i# honoure b+ 'o#t &o'$uter ,or "n "ltern"te hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t/ @$e&i,i&"ll+ the R < #it&he ,ro' li'ite "&&ur"&+ (6/2) to eCtene "&&ur"&+ reue#t &"r BDKTA; 1B $re&ee# " br"n&h &"r (.rou$in.)/ ,ollo# thi# &"r (.rou$in.) the hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t ill nor'"l ,or'"t/ or eC"'$leF DKTA; 1

H04

#+#te'# $ro%ie# "n  ,iel# "re (16/0) hen the , BDKTA; 0B be to..le to "

lu'$e #erie# R-<- br"n&he# o, "n+ t+$e (e/./ t+$e 0F un&ou$le R<M t+$e 123///F &ou$le R<M t+$e 515253///F &ou$le R<) "# lon. "# the+ u#e the hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t#/ DKTA; 0 Connectivity definition

"&h br"n&h i# e,ine b+ it# ter'in"l en# (:@1 "n :@2)/ :+ "llo&"tin. noe n"'e# to the#e ter'in"l en# the netork &onne&ti%it+ i# e,ine/ :ut in e,,e&t the ter'in"l noe n"'e# o not uniuel+ #$e&i,+ the br"n&hM ju#t think "bout to (or 'ore) $"r"llel br"n&he# h"%in. the #"'e ter'in"l noe n"'e#/ nl+ in " li'ite nu'ber o, &"#e# it ill be ne&e##"r+ to i#tin&t beteen br"n&he#M / :r"n&h out$ut reue#t (&olu'n 80-$un&h) / Re,eren&e br"n&h u#".e (#ee neCt $"r".r"$h)/ , no #$e&i"l &"re i# t"ken the orer o, "$$e"r"n&e in the in$ut i# ithhel ,or $"r"llel br"n&he#/ , to or 'ore $"r"llel br"n&he# o&&ur in the in$ut it i# the ,ir#t one "$$e"rin. th"t ill be u#e "# re,eren&e br"n&h or th"t ill .ener"te the reue#te br"n&h out$ut/ hen i#tin&tion #houl be '"e beteen to $"r"llel br"n&he# it i# #u,,i&ient to "lter the #euen&e o, the noe n"'e#/ Thi# #i'$le "&tion inee i# #u,,i&ient to i#tin&t beteen to $"r"llel br"n&he#/ C"'$leF @u$$o#e one "nt# to e,ine to $"r"llel br"n&he# beteen noe ?A "n ?:/ or one br"n&h :@1 J ?A "n :@2 J ?:/ or the other br"n&h :@1 J ?: "n :@2 J ?A/ hen i#tin&tion #houl be '"e beteen 'ore then to $"r"llel br"n&he# u#er# in%enti%it+ i# &"lle u$on/ Po##ible #olution#M e,ine "n eCtr" inter'ei"te noe b+ #$littin. the #erie# R< in to i,,erent $"rt# or b+ u#in. u''+ 'e"#urin. #it&he#/ Reference branch option

hen there "re to or 'ore br"n&he# th"t h"%e the #"'e ele'ent# (R<) ith the #"'e %"lue# " 'e'or+ #tor".e #"%in. o$tion eCi#t#M the re,eren&e br"n&h o$tion/ n #u&h &"#e one #houl onl+ e,ine the ter'in"l en# o, the br"n&h bein. e,ine (:@1 "n :@2) "n in "ition in the ,iel# :@3 "n :@4 re,eren&e #houl be '"e to the ter'in"l en# o, the br"n&h bein. re,erre to (:@1 :@2)/ All other ,iel# re'"in bl"nk/ t i# &le"r th"t the br"n&he bein. re,eren&e to $re%iou#l+ #houl be e,ine/ urther re&"ll th"t the #euen&e in hi&h noe n"'e# "re #$e&i,ie i# o, &ru&i"l i'$ort"n&e/ in"ll+ re,er to the $re&ein. $"r".r"$h (4/- &onne&ti%it+ e,inition) ,or #$e&i"l re'"rk# re."rin. $"r"llel br"n&he#/

2


H04"

I6-A. +ranc@ cards $or uncoupledB lumped series R4C ranc@es (t#pe

1

)

Application

GENERAL USAGE:

n&ou$le or #in.le $h"#e lu'$e #erie# R< br"n&he# #$e&i,+ the non-*ero i'$e"n&e o, " br"n&h beteen to n"'e noe# or beteen one n"'e noe "n the .roun (no #$e&i"l n"'e but ju#t " bl"nk ill be #u,,i&ient to #$e&i,+ the .roun)/ Thi# i'$e"n&e &"n be either " re#i#t"n&e " &"$"&itor "n inu&tor or " #erie# &onne&tion o, "n+ o, the#e/

R

R

L

L

R

C

C

L

C

R

L

C

81 ithin = @R " "t" .ener"tor i# "%"il"ble th"t &on%ert# the "&ti%e "n re"&ti%e lo"# (P "n O) into eui%"lent R< br"n&he# (un&ou$le lu'$e #erie# ele'ent#)/ @ee #e&tion = (= @R) ,or 'ore et"il#/ SPECIAL USAGE:

The un&ou$le lu'$e #erie# R< ele'ent &"n be u#e ,or ,olloin. $ur$o#e#F -

-

'e"#ure the br"n&h &urrent or %olt".e (#ee re'"rk 2) bre"k &lo#e loo$# o, $"r"llel &onne&te #it&he# (e/./ th+ri#tor "n ,ree-heelin. ioe) "'$ out nu'eri&"l o#&ill"tion# hi&h &oul o&&ur hen interru$tin. the &urrent in "n inu&tor or "$$l+in. " #te$ %olt".e to " &"$"&itor (i/e/ #&"lin. o, " re#i#t"n&e b+ the ti'e #te$ ?
Re'"rk#F -

-

There "re li'it"tion# on the %"lue# o, the re#i#t"n&eM there i# " '"Ci'u' "n " 'ini'u' re#i#t"n&e e h"%e to t"ke into "&&ount (re'"rk 5 "n 6 o, #e&tion K/:/3/)/ or &urrent-#"'$lin. $ur$o#e# there i# "l#o "nother ,"&ilit+ &"lle " 'e"#urin. #it&h (re'"rk 6 o, #e&tion K/:/3/)/ #".e o, " hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t i# eC$l"ine in #e&tion K/:/2-2/

Card format for uncoupled, lumped series RLC elements

ir#t the three i,,erent &"r ,or'"t# ill be i#&u##eF / nor'"l ,or'"t (DKTA; 0) / hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t (DKTA; 1) / ,ree ,or'"t/


H04"

2

eCt "n eC$l"n"tion o, "ll $"r"'eter# in%ol%e ill ,ollo/ nee the 'e"nin. o, the $"r"'eter# i# not e$enent on the ,or'"t bein. u#e/ R

L

C

BUS1

BUS2

NAME !F

NAME !F

FIRST N!DE

SEC!ND N!DE

82

NORMAL CARD FORMAT ($VINTAGE, 0)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

N!DE NAMES

N!DE NAMES

LH

C F

;,

BRANCH

E  Y T I

;,

L 

BUS2

A6

A6

BU S3

N ! I T  ! T U  T U !

C 

BUS1

I2

R 

!F REFERENCE

;

BUS4

A6

A6

E6.2

E6.2

1 I

E6.2

8 3

, there i# no #$e&i"l reue#t &"r the nor'"l ,or'"t i# in u#e/ The R < "n  ,iel# onl+ h"%e " li'ite "&&ur"&+ (6/2 ,or'"t)/ HIGH-PRECISION CARD FORMAT ($VINTAGE, 1)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

N!DE NAMES

N!DE NAMES

LH

C F

;,

;,

L 

BRANCH

E  Y T I

I2

R 

!F REFERENCE

C 

BUS1

BUS2

A6

A6

BUS3

A6

;

BUS4

A6

E16.0

E16.0

E16.0

N ! I T  ! T U  T U !

1 I

84 FREE FORMAT

:e#ie# the re.ul"r ,or'"t "n the hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t " thir (but tri&k+) "+ &"n be u#e to in$ut R< br"n&he#/ Thi# in$ut i# &"lle R R!AT but it i# not tot"ll+ B,reeB/ @o'e i'$ort"nt rule# "$$l+ here F


-

H04"

3

#e$"r"te e"&h ,iel b+ &o''"# (i/e/ l"#t #i.n o, the %"ri"ble HR! in the @TARTP ,ile)M bl"nk# "re tot"ll+ i.nore "n noe n"'e# "re le,t "ju#teM o not in$ut noe n"'e# ",ter &olu'n 26M o not in$ut %"lue# be,ore &olu'n 27M !"ke #ure there i# "l"+# " tot"l o, ,i%e &o''"# be,ore &olu'n 26 (eli'itin. one t+$e ,iel "n ,our noe n"'e ,iel#) "n " tot"l o, ei.ht &o''"# #houl ,ollo &olu'n 27 (eli'itin. three nu'eri& ,iel# ,or R <  "u.'ente b+ 6 u''+ ,iel# $rob"bl+ to '"ke the ,or'"t &o'$"tible ith the t+$e 123-,or'"t)/ ,or out$ut reue#t# +ou #till !@T u#e &olu'n 80M i, " *ero i# not entere eC$li&itl+ the &o''" #houl ne%erthele## "l"+# be entere (e%en ,or &olu'n 1)/

-

-

ith the#e rule# onl+ &olu'n 27 "n $o##ibl+ &olu'n 80 'u#t be eter'ine "# $o#ition in,or'"tion/ n the other h"n " $"in#t"kin. &ount o, &o''"# i# ne&e##"r+/ Parameters

olloin. ,or'"t#/

i#

"n

eC$l"n"tion

o,

the

$"r"'eter#

u#e

in

the

"bo%e

&"r

IT&E The br"n&h-t+$e h"# to be $un&he "# *ero or bl"nk/ +%'B +%* Ter'in"l noe n"'e# o, " br"n&h/ "&h noe &"n be #$e&i,ie b+ " 6-&h"r"&ter "l$h"nu'eri&"l noe n"'e/ oe n"'e# "l"+# h"%e to be le,t "ju#te/ ote th"t " bl"nk-n"'e i# uner#too "# bein. .roun (TRRA)/ +%0B +%5 Re,eren&e br"n&h ter'in"l noe n"'e# (#ee #e&tion 5 o, the introu&tion) nor'"ll+ le,t bl"nk/ Re&"ll th"t hen :@3 "n :@4 "re #$e&i,ie the R < "n  ,iel #houl re'"in bl"nk/

or the #$e&i"l #itu"tion B#&"lin. o, " re#i#t"n&e b+ the ti'e #te$ ?F m'ho# (PT J ,) OT&T O&TION The o$tion# ,or $rintin. "nor $lottin. h"%e #$e&i,ie in thi# "re"/ There "re ,our out$ut $o##ibilitie#F 1 F br"n&h &urrentM 2 F br"n&h %olt".eM 3 F br"n&h &urrent "n br"n&h %olt".eM 4 F br"n&h $oer "n ener.+ &on#u'$tion/

to be

Re'"rk#F 1)

There "re to i,,erent "+# to #$e&i,+ or "lter =PT "n PT/ The+ &"n be e,ine in the 'i#&ell"neou# &"r# (#ee -:/) or one &"n u#e the DT@ &"r/ Thi# &"r &"n be in#erte in the br"n&h &"r .rou$in.


H04"

on #e%er"l $l"&e# to #it&h the unit# o, the &"$"&itor# "n inu&tor# "n+ ti'e/ The u#e o, the DT@ &"r i# ,urther eC$l"ine in #e&tion ?-15/ 2)

At le"#t one %"lue o, R < "n  $er br"n&h 'u#t be non-*ero/

3)

hen " br"n&h h"# onl+ one or to ele'ent# (R < R "n  < "n  et&/) ju#t le"%e the ,iel# bl"nk o, the ele'ent# hi&h o not o&&ur in the br"n&h/

4)

hen u#in. " re,eren&e br"n&h hi&h h"# other br"n&he# in $"r"llel it i# not &le"r hi&h o, the' #houl be the re,eren&e br"n&h/ There,ore the hi.he#t 'entione br"n&h "'on. the $"r"llel br"n&he "l"+# i# the re,eren&e br"n&h/ ote th"t ?A to ?: "n ?: to ?A "re to i,,erent noe-n"'e $"ir#/ The#e &"n there,ore be u#e "# to i#tin&t re,eren&e br"n&he#/

5) A hi.h re#i#t"n&e bein. u#e ,or %olt".e #"'$lin. ,or eC"'$le '"+ not eC&ee the '"Ci'u' re#i#t"n&e %"lue hi&h e$en# on the &o'$uter #+#te'/ The .ener"l rule i# th"t R 'u#t not eC&ee the #u"re root o, the l"r.e#t nu'ber hi&h the &o'$uter #+#te' &"n re$re#ent in ,lo"tin.-$oint ,or' (e/./ 1/18 oh'# on ni%"& "n Hone+ell; 1/35 oh'# on :! "n 1/100 oh'# on ?)/ @t"rtu$ ,ile $"r"'eter )-1/ T
4


H04"

5

urrent #"'$lin. &"n "ltern"ti%el+ be one b+ $er'ittin. &urrent out$ut reue#t# u#in. the ,"'ili"r &olu'n-80 $un&h/ A #e&on "ltern"ti%e i# to u#e " 'e"#urin. #it&h hi&h i# $er'"nentl+ &lo#e/ The u#e o, thi# #it&h i# eC$l"ine in #e&tion K-A/ 7) @&"lin. o, " re#i#t"n&e b+ the ti'e #te$ ?
R =

16L DELTAT

(< in Henr+ ?
R =

DELTAT 16C

ither $ro$ortion"l or in%er#e #&"lin. b+ ?< (Henr+) or R "# 16> ("r")/ < "n  #houl be le,t bl"nk/  1  2  3  3456789012345678901234567890  ---------------------------?K??
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 K
1/

123//21-3

12/8000000000000

10/

3


H04"

K3 1

123 H

; @60 H

0.21E

(!LT>A

10>A

12.8 H

BUSA

10 F

BUSB

>3 1

(!LT>B

123 H

0.21E

; @60 H

10>B

!RT

300

6


H04b

1

85 I6.+ +ranc@ cards $or mutuall# coupled R4C elements (t#pe 'B*B0) Applications

GENERAL USAGE:

ir#t o, "ll it i# i'$ort"nt to re"li*e th"t in &ontr"#t ith the $re%iou# br"n&he# (t+$e 0) the &"$"&it"n&e %"lue# #$e&i,ie on the in$ut &"r# o, t+$e 123 "re ,or #hunt &onne&te &"$"&it"n&e# not ,or #erie# &onne&te one#/ A ,urther ob#er%"tion orth re'inin. i# th"t the &"$"&it"n&e %"lue th"t i# entere i# intern"ll+ "llo&"te h"l, "t the be.innin. "n h"l, "t the en o, the 'oel/

R

L

R

L

R

L

C

C

C C C

C

C

C C

C C

C

86

Thi# &l"## o, br"n&he# thu# $ro%ie# ,or the re$re#ent"tion o, lu'$eele'ent re#i#t"n&e inu&t"n&e "n &"$"&it"n&e '"tri&e#/ The ele'ent# o, the '"tri&e# UR U< "n U h"%e the ,olloin. 'e"nin. (#te"+ #t"te)F

-

- i".on"l R ii N jw

2

v k - v m = [L]

im +

+

<

dikm + [R] ikm dt

d v k + ikm 2 dt 1 d v m = [C] - ikm 2 dt

i k =

1

H04b

[C]

+

<



RL 

-

<

>



C

C

2

2

-



>

87U ote th"t "ll '"tri&e# "re "##u'e to be #+''etri& "n th"t the '"triC o, the &"$"&it"n&e i# #$lit in to ith h"l, o, the tot"l on e"&h en o, the br"n&h/ Thi# 'oel better knon "# " 'ulti-$h"#e no'in"l P-eui%"lent &"n be u#e to #i'ul"te tr"n#ient $heno'en" on #hort line# or &"ble#/ :+ &onne&tin. '"n+ #hort #e&tion# in #erie# kee$in. tr"&k o, "n+ "&tu"l tr"n#$o#ition (i, "n+) e%en " tr"n#ient 'oel ,or " lon. line &"n be obt"ine/ et be&"u#e o, in&re"#e runnin. ti'e "n 'e'or+ reuire'ent# thi# 'oellin. #houl .ener"ll+ be u#e onl+ "# " l"#t re#ort here 'ore #o$hi#ti&"te 'oel# (e/./ i#tribute$"r"'eter 'oel#) "re belie%e to be in"eu"te/ ote th"t thi# i# not the A@A?? P o$tion re,erre to in #e&tion K/M &"#&"e P u#e# the lon.-line eui%"lent hi&h i# %"li onl+ ,or #te"+ #t"te "t one #$e&i,i& ,reuen&+/ The #u$$ortin. routine < @TAT@ (#e&tion ==-) or A:< @TAT@ (#e&tion ==-:) &"n be u#e "# "t" .ener"tor ,or t+$e 123 br"n&h &"r#/ nee the $"r"'eter# UR U< "n U &"nnot e"#il+ be &"l&ul"te b+ h"n/ :ut "l#o tr"n#,or'er# &"n be 'oelle u#in. P-eui%"lent#/ :e&"u#e 'o#t tr"n#,or'er# h"%e " #'"ll P// eC&it"tion &urrent the "'itt"n&e '"triC i# ne"rl+ #in.ul"r/ The le"k".e i'$e"n&e i# r"ther lo "n &"n be obt"ine b+ #ub#tr"&tin. the 'utu"l i'$e"n&e ,ro' the #el,-i'$e"n&e/ :e&"u#e o,, the ,"&t th"t the "'itt"n&e '"triC i# ill-&onitione the le"k".e i'$e"n&e &"n .et lo#t in the '".neti*in. i'$e"n&e/ There,or it i# ne&e##"r+ to h"%e #u,,i&ient "&&ur"&+ ,or the inu&t"n&e/ Hen&e the nor'"l &"r ,or'"t (6/0) i# not #u,,i&ient/ or tr"n#,or'er# either the "ltern"ti%e hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t #houl be u#e (#ee #e&tion K/:/2 "n rel"te "t" .ener"tor :TRA #e&tion ==-) or " 'ore "$$ro$ri"te br"n&h &"r ,or'"t (t+$e 51-52-53 #ee #e&tion K-) #houl be u#e (#ee "t" .ener"tor =R!R #e&tion ==-A)/ n the ie"l &"#e o, noneCi#tin. (or %er+ lo) P// eC&it"tion &urrent# the inu&t"n&e '"triC oe# not e%en eCi#t/ or thi# #$e&i"l #itu"tion " #$e&i"l o$tion (AR not"tion) i# u#e/ Here A #t"n ,or < -1 (the in%er#e o, the inu&t"n&e) hi&h oe# eCi#t (be it "l'o#t #in.ul"r)/ Thi# i# l"ter eC$l"ine in 'ore et"il (#ee #e&tion K/:/2)/ n both &"#e# (AR "n R< not"tion) the $o#ition# ,or the &"$"&it"n&e &"n be u#e #u&&e#,ull+ to eri%e ,reuen&+ e$enent tr"n#,or'er 'oel# here one nee# to t"ke into "&&ount the interinin. &"$"&it"n&e# "# ell "# the &"$"&it"n&e# to


H04b

3

.roun/ At thi# 'o'ent (o%e'ber 1990) no rel"te "uto'"ti& "t" .ener"tor i# "%"il"ble ithin !TP/ SPECIAL USAGE:

A ,ir#t #$e&i"l #itu"tion i# hen U J U0 (there "re no &"$"&it"n&e#)/ Thi# &"#e re$re#ent# onl+ 'utu"ll+-&ou$le R< br"n&he# ,or hi&h e%en " #e$"r"te in$ut ,or'"t (t+$e 515253 #ee #e&tion K//) h"# been $ro%ie/ Thi# i# the nor'"l #itu"tion ,or tr"n#,or'er 'oellin./

R

L

R

L

R

L

C;#?/+"

88

, the u#er "nt# " 'ulti$h"#e &"$"&it"n&e '"triC to .roun (e/./ " &"$"&itor b"nk) be it in #t"r or in elt" then he &"n in$ut ne"r-in,initei'$e"n&e #erie# br"n&he# "n .roun "ll &onu&tor# "t the ,"r en/

R

C R

C C R C C C

89 ote hereb+ th"t the #erie# i'$e"n&e# 'u#t be &ho#en l"r.e enou.h to re$re#ent "n o$en-&ir&uit/ Re&"ll th"t there i# " li'it"tion on the u#e %"lue# (#ee #e&tion K/A/3)/ The -'"triC #$e&i,ie in the in$ut ,ile 'u#t be ti&e the e#ire ,in"l '"triC %"lue# "# 'entione be,ore/ Re&"ll th"t the #$e&i,ie %"lue i# intern"ll+ "llo&"te h"l, to the be.innin. "n h"l, to the ,"r en o, the 'oel/ ne &"n "l#o obt"in " #in.le $h"#e (i/e/ un&ou$le) P-eui%"lent/ The i,,eren&e ith the re$re#ent"tion b+ un&ou$le lu'$e #erie# R< br"n&he# i# th"t +ou &"n enter the #hunt &"$"&it"n&e to .roun ire&tl+ in#te" o, h"%in. to introu&e to #e$"r"te br"n&he# ,or thi# $ur$o#e/ The onl+ thin. +ou h"%e to o i# u#in. br"n&h t+$e nu'ber 1/ Card format

ir#t the three i,,erent &"r ,or'"t# ill be i#&u##eF / nor'"l ,or'"t (DKTA; 0) / hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t (DKTA; 1) / ,ree ,or'"t/


4

H04b

or thi# &"r-t+$e 2 i,,erent not"tion# eCi#tF the R<-not"tion "n the ARnot"tion/ The &"r ,or'"t# ,ir#t ill be eC$l"ine ,or the R<-not"tion (nor'"l u#".e)/ eCt the AR-not"tion ill be i#&u##e/ R4 notation

or'"ll+ the R< not"tion i# u#e/ ou &"n #t"&k the %"lue# ,or UR U< "n U in the "+ eC$l"ine in #e&tion K/:/3 (re'"rk#)/ , $re%iou#l+ the AR not"tion "# u#e +ou &"n to..le to the R< not"tion b+ u#in. the ,olloin. &"rF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

U S E

R L

90


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

";&% "%$

,%@%,%"% ,.

%/%%"*$ < 

%/%%"*$ < 1

%/%%"*$ < 2

E  Y T I

I2

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

A6

BUS4

A6

R

L

E6.2

E6.2

C

E6.2

R

L

E6.2

E6.2

C

R

E6.2

E6.2

L

C

E6.2

E6.2

91 , there i# no #$e&i"l reue#t &"r the nor'"l ,or'"t i# in u#e/ The R < "n  ,iel# onl+ h"%e " li'ite "&&ur"&+ (6/2 ,or'"t)/ @ee #e&tion K/:/3 (re'"rk#) ,or ,urther u#".e/ HIGH-PRECISION CARD FORMAT ($VINTAGE, 1)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

";&% "%$

%/%%"*$

,%@%,%"% ,.

E  Y T I

I2

92

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

R

L

C

A6

A6

A6

A6

E16.0

E16.0

E16.0


H04b

5

#".e o, "n eCtene $re&i#ion (16/0) i# $o##ible ,or 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R< br"n&he#/ @ee #e&tion K/:/3 (re'"rk#) ,or ,urther u#".e/ FREE FORMAT

:e#ie :e#ie# # the re.ul" re.ul"r r ,or'"t ,or'"t "n "n the hi.h-$ hi.h-$re& re&i#i i#ion on ,or'"t ,or'"t  " thir thir (but (but tri&k+) "+ &"n be u#e to in$ut R< br"n&he#/ Thi# in$ut i# &"lle R R!AT but it i# not tot"ll+ B,reeB/ @o'e i'$ort"nt rule# "$$l+ here F -

#e$"r"te e"&h ,iel b+ &o''"# (i/e/ l"#t #i.n o, the %"ri"ble HR! in the @TARTP ,ile)M bl"nk# "re tot"ll+ i.nore "n noe n"'e# "re le,t "ju#teM o not in$ut noe n"'e# ",ter &olu'n 26M o not in$ut %"lue# be,ore &olu'n 27M !"ke #ure there there i# "l"+# "l"+# " tot"l tot"l o, ,i%e &o''"# &o''"# be,ore be,ore &olu' &olu'n n 26 (eli'itin. one t+$e ,iel "n ,our noe n"'e ,iel#) "n " tot"l o, ei.ht &o''"# #houl ,ollo &olu'n 27 (eli'itin. nine nu'eri& ,iel# ,or R < )/ , the ,i.ure# "re to be &ontinue on the neCt &"r be&"u#e the nu'ber o, &olu'n# $er &"r eC&eee the &ontinu"tion #+'bol (,i,th &h"r"&ter o, HR! o, @TARTP u#u"ll+ BDB) 'u#t be u#e/ n #u&h &"r no eCtr" &o''"# "re neee/

-

-

ith the#e rule# onl+ &olu'n 27 'u#t be eter'ine "# $o#ition in,or'"tion/ n the other other h"n h"n " $"in#t $"in#t"ki "kin. n. &ount &ount o, &o''" &o''"# # i# ne&e## ne&e##"r+ "r+/ / @ee #e&tion #e&tion K/:/3 (re'"rk#) ,or ,urther u#".e/ AR notat notation ion

n #o'e &"#e# the U< -1-'"triC i# ill-&onitionne or #in.ul"r #o U< oe# not eCi#t/ There,or the AR not"tion i# u#e/ BAB #t"n# ,or the U< -1-'"triC "n BRB #t"n# ,or the UR-'"triC/ @it&hin. to the AR not"tion &"n be one b+ the ,olloin. &"rF 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

U S E

A R

93

n thi# &"#e e u#e the ,olloin. eu"tionF

dv dt

-1

-1

= [L ] [L ] v - [L ] [R]i

o e h"%e to be &"re,ull hen $un&hin. the "t" in the in$ut ,or'"t/ The U< -'"tri -'"triC C re$l"& re$l"&e# e# R in the in$ut ,or'"t ,or'"t/ / n the #"'e #"'e "+ "+ the UR-'"tr UR-'"triC iC re$l"&e# < in the in$ut ,or'"t/ -1

Re'"rk#F - Thi# Thi# not"ti not"tion on &"n not be u#e u#e &ou$le $h"#e# ('ini'u' to)/

,or #in.le #in.le-$h -$h"#e "#e #itu"t #itu"tion ion#M #M onl+ onl+

,or


6

H04b

- :e,or :e,ore e u#in. u#in. the AR not"ti not"tion on the $ro.r" $ro.r"' ' "uto'" "uto'"ti& ti&"ll "ll+ + #et# #et# =PT =PT "# 0/1591549 (=PTJ12 p)/ n thi# thi# &"# &"#e w J 1/ PT PT re'"in re'"in# # un&h"n un&h"n.e .e/ / The %"lue# o, the &orre#$onin. ter' o, the in%er#e o, < "re no to be #$e&i,ie in Henr+-1/ :e,ore #it&hin. to the R< not"tion the ol %"lue o, =PT &"n be re#tore u#in. the &o''"n DT@-1-1/ - The AR not"tion &"n be &o'bine ith the u#e o, the hi.h eCtention ,or'"t (DKTA; 1) "n the ,ree ,or'"t/ Parameters

oll ollo oin in. . ,or'"t#/

i# "n eC$l eC$l"n "n"t "tio ion n

o, the the

$"r" $"r"'e 'ete ter# r# u#e u#e in the the

"bo% "bo%e e

&"r &"r

IT&E u'ber# 1 u$ to 40 &"n be u#e to eC$re## e"&h $h"#e o, the Peui%"lent/ hen there "re &ontinu"tion &"r# TP 'u#t be le,t bl"nk ,or the#e (#ee re'"rk 2)/ +%'B +%'B +%* +%* @$e&i,+ the ter'in"l noe n"'e# o, e"&h $h"#e in the#e ,iel# ,iel#/ / oe# oe# '"+ be .roun .roune e (ini (ini&"t &"te e b+ bl"nk bl"nk ,iel ,iel n"'e) n"'e) i, e#ire/ +%0B +%5 u"ll+ to un&ou$le R< br"n&he# re,eren&in. &"n be u#e here/ The #"'e rule# 'u#t be t"ken into "&&ount eC&e$t th"t onl+ the ,ir#t &"r (,ir#t $h"#e) be"r# the re,eren&e noe# #$e&i,ie "# the noe# "$$e"rin. on the ,ir#t &"r u#e "# re,eren&e #et/ The ,olloin. &"r# (,olloin. $h"#e#) ju#t #$e&i,+ the &on#e&uti%e t+$e nu'ber# "n the noe n"'e# o, the other in$ut $ort# not the noe# o, the re,eren&e #et nor the R< %"lue#/ R re#i#t"n&e %"lue in oh'#/ 4 nu&t"n&e %"lue (in 'H or h'# e$enin. on =PT)/ - "n inu&t"n&e F m'ho# (PT J ,) Col punc@ onl+ %"lue 2 i# "lloe onl+ on the ,ir#t to &"r#/

Re'"rk#F 1) At le"#t one o, the '"tri&e# UR U< or U 'u#t be non*ero/ hen '"triC U i# *ero "n "ltern"te in$ut ,or'"t (t+$e 515253M #ee #e&tion K//) &"n be u#e/ 2) !"tri&e# UR U< "n U "re #+''etri& #o one onl+ nee# to #$e&i,+ the ele'ent# on "n belo the i".on"l/ Hen&e the ,olloin. ,or'"t "$$lie#/ or $h"#e 1 (A) :@1 J B@AB "n :@2 J BRAB ,or $h"#e 2 (:) e h"%e @: "n R: et&/ hen one &"r i# not #u,,i&ient ,or "ll R< %"lue# (#e&on "n l"ter $h"#e# ,or DKTA; 1M,ourth "n l"ter $h"#e# ,or DKTA; 0) then &ontinu"tion &"r# "re u#e ith &olu'n# 1-26 le,t bl"nk/

") ,or DKTA; 0F


1

2

3

4

H04b

5

6

7

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1

SA

RA

R11

L11

C11

2

SB

RB

R21

L21

C21

R22

L22

C22

3

SC

RC

R31

L31

C31

R32

L32

C32

R33

L33

C33

4

SD

RD

R41

L41

C41

R42

L42

C42

R43

L43

C43

R44

L44

C44

R51

L51

C51

R52

L52

C52

R53

L53

C53

R54

L54

C54

R55

L55

C55

5

SE

RE

. . .

E*.

94 b) ,or DKTA; 1F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1

SA

RA

R11

L11

C11

2

SB

RB

R21

L21

C21

R22

L22

C22

R31

L31

C31

R32

L32

C32

R33

L33

C33

R41

L41

C41

3

4

SC

SD

RC

RD

. . .

E*.

95 3) o br"n&h &urrent out$ut i# $o##ible ,or thi# br"n&h t+$e/ Hoe%er the br"n&h %olt".e &"n be obt"ine on the ,ir#t to $h"#e#/ n the#e $h"#e# &olu'n 80 i# #till ,ree "n &"n there,or be u#e to $un&h nu'ber 2 ,or br"n&h %olt".e out$ out$ut ut reu reue# e#t# t#/ / :+ the the neCt neCt $h"# $h"#e# e#  &olu &olu'n 'n 80 i# o&&u o&&u$i $ie e ("t ("t le"# le"#t t ,or ,or DKTA;0) "n &"n there,ore not be u#e ,or out$ut reue#t#/ Examples

The neCt eC"'$le &ont"in# to ienti&"l 3-$h"#e &ir&uit#/ To.ether the#e to &ir&uit# &on#titute #iC &ou$le &onu&tor#/ ith to ienti&"l P-eui%"lent# &"#&"e the "t" &"r# "$$e"r "# ,ollo#F  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0 DT@ 60 0 110-A 20-A 1/41 8/334 /164 210-: 20-: 0/972/8586-/0289 1/239/1392 /1626


8

H04b

310- 2 411-A 3

20-

0/912/2823-/0088

0/863/4218-/0273

1/16 9/518 /166

21-A

1/002/0984-/0180

0/942/1248-/0101

0/902/0398-/005

511-: 7

21-:

1/41 8/334 /164 0/942/1248-/0101

0/892/5064-/0104

0/862/6454-/008

21-

0/972/8586-/0289 0/902/0398-/0053

1/239/1392 /1626 0/862/6454-/0087

0/833/1597-/014

0/912/2823-/0088

0/863/4218-/0273

1/16 9/518 /166

611- 2

2  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0 @ AR DKTA; 1 1:@1ZR:@H 2:@2ZR:@< 3:@1Z@:@H

4:@2Z@:@<

5:@1ZT:@H

6:@2ZT:@<

@ R< DKTA; 0 DT@ So not ,or.et thi#Y

2/4311266503345 -29/04015078715 361/43763967638 /06629545237001 -/7919085305828 2/4311266503345 -/7919085305828 23/900085059572 -29/04015078715 361/43763967638 /06629545237001 -/7919085305828 /06629545237001 -/7919085305828 2/4311266503345 -/7919085305828 23/900085059572 -/7919085305828 23/900085059572 -29/04015078715 361/43763967638

1/369233463069 0/0 /0095961038351 0/0 0/0 1/369233463069 0/0 0/0 0/0 /0095961038351 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/369233463069 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 /0095961038351

-1

-1

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0 120-A 30-A 10-A 20-A 220-: 30-: 320- 30- 421-A 31-A 521-: 31-: 621- 31- A# +ou &"n #ee in the .ri ,olloin. '"tri&e# "re u#e in the ,ir#t #iC $h"#e# o, the P-eui%"lentF P-eui%"lentF


H04b

9

  [ w L] =   8.3340       0.97.1.23 2.8586,9.1392        0.91,0.86,1.16 2.2823,3.4218,9.5180     1.00,0.94,0.90,1.41   2.0984,2.1248,2.0398,8.3340     0.94,0.89,0.86,0.97,1.23 2.1248,2.5064,2.6454,2.8586,9.1392,         0.90,0.86,0.83,0.91,0.86,1.16  2.0398,2.6454,3.1597,2.2823,3.4218,9.5180

[R]= 

1.41

5

[C] = 

 m [] 0.1640   -0.0289,0.1626     -0.0088,-0.0273,0.1662    -0.0180,-0.0101,-0.0053,0.1640   -0.0101,-0.0104,-0.0087,-0.0289,0.1626     -0.0053,-0.0087,-0.0142,-0.0088,-0.0273,0.1662

6 Re'"rk the #+''etri& #tru&ture o, e"&h '"triC "n inter$rete the unit# o, the U< '"triC in oh'# (=PT i# #et to 60 H*)/ The neCt 6 $h"#e# re$re#ent " 'ulti$h"#e tr"n#,or'er/ The AR not"tion i# u#e re$re#entin. ,olloin. '"tri&e#F -1

[L ] [L ] = 

 ! -1 2.4311266503345    -29.04015078715,316.43763967638     .06629545237001,-.7919085305828,2.4311266503345     -.7919085305828,23.900085059572,-29.04015078715,361.43763967638    .06629545237001,-.7919085305828,.06629545237001,-.7919085305828,2.4311266503345     -.7919085305828,23.900085059572,-.7919085305828,23.900085059572,-29.04015078715,361.43763967638 

7

[R] = 



1.369233463069

  0.0,.0095961038351    0.0,0.0,1.369233463069    0.0,0.0,0.0,.0095961038351    0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.369233463069   0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,.0095961038351  

8

The The hi.h hi.h-$ -$re re&i &i#i #ion on ,or' ,or'"t "t (DK (DKT TA; A;  1) i# "l#o "l#o u#e u#e  tr"n#,or'er nee# thi# ,or'"t to be "# "&&ur"te "# $o##ible/

be&" be&"u# u#e e

the the

10


H04b

Re'"rk the u#e o, DT@ -1 -1 hi&h re#et# the ol unit# o, the inu&tor# (=PT J 60) "n &"$"&itor# (PT J 0)/ Thi# i# ini#$en#"ble be&"u#e hen u#in. the AR not"tion the $ro.r"' "uto'"ti&"ll+ &h"n.e# the unit# to DT@ 0/1591549 0/ in"ll+ there i# " 'ulti$h"#e P-eui%"lent hi&h ill be re,erre to the ,ir#t 'ulti$h"#e P-eui%"lent/ A# 'entione in #e&tion K/:/3/ onl+ the ,ir#t $h"#e be"r# the re,eren&e noe#/


H04&

1

I6-C. +ranc@ cards $or mutuall# coupled R4 elements (t#pe 7'B7*B70B...) Application

GENERAL USAGE:

Thi# &l"## o, br"n&he# $ro%ie# ,or the re$re#ent"tion o, lu'$e-ele'ent 'utu"ll+-&ou$le R-< br"n&he#/

R

L

R

L

1

1

2

2 . . . .

R

L

N

N

C;#?/+"

96 The in$ut &"r# ,or the#e br"n&he# o not i,,er 'u&h ,ro' the $re%iou# t+$e 123 br"n&he# eC&e$t th"t there i# no $ro%i#ion ,or in$uttin. " #hunt &"$"&it"n&e '"triC (U J U0)/ n the other h"n the inu&t"n&e "t" ,iel $ro%ie# ,or 12 &olu'n# r"ther then onl+ 6 "lloin. ,or .re"ter $re&i#ion/ Thi# i# $ri'"ril+ intene ,or re$re#entin. the &ou$le i'$e"n&e# o, tr"n#,or'er# "# ith loer $re&i#ion the le"k".e i'$e"n&e# obt"ine b+ #ub#tr"&tin. the 'utu"l i'$e"n&e# ,ro' the #el, i'$e"n&e# "re %er+ b"l+ "n .et lo#t in the '".neti*in. i'$e"n&e/ Hoe%er thi# r"b"&k &"n be &ir&u'%ente b+ u#in. the hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t ,or t+$e 123 (#ee #e&tion K/:)/ Al#o netork eui%"lent# &"n be re$re#ente u#in. &ou$le R-< eui%"lent#/ olloin. "t" .ener"tor# &re"te $un&he &"r# in the t+$e 515253-,or'"tF =R!R (#e&tion ==/A) J tr"n#,or'er 'oel TOK (#e&tion ==K/) J netork eui%"lent HA; TRA@R!R (#e&tion ==/) J &on%ert @ATRA:< TRA@R!R "t" into =R!R $un&he &"r out$ut ,or'"t/ SPECIAL USAGE:

1) @euen&e %"lueF or tr"n#$o#e (b"l"n&e) line# the "##o&i"te UR "n U< '"tri&e# ($h"#e %"lue#) h"%e " #$e&i"l #tru&tureF "ll i".on"l ele'ent# h"%e " &o''on %"lue L # "n "ll o,,-i".on"l ele'ent# h"%e " &o''on %"lue L '/ hen in "ition e onl+ &on#ier tr"n#$o#e three-$h"#e &"#e# "n e"#ier not"tion b"#e on orte#ue e&o'$o#ition eCi#t#/ n thi# &"#e it i# no lon.er ne&e##"r+ to #tore the entire '"triC (or e%en the loer-i".on"l $"rt)/ t i# 'ore &on%enient to #$e&i,+ onl+ the "##o&i"te *ero- "n $o#iti%e-#euen&e %"lue# (R 0<0) "n (R 1R2) o, " $urel+ i".on"l '"triC/


2

H04&

  ) $%t&"'(& )   , , ,0,0 # # # # " m m 0        9 , , 0, ,0 # # # # m " m 1      , ,   0,0,   # m # m # "   # 1 The rel"tion beteen $h"#e %"lue# (L #L') "n #euen&e %"lue# (L 0L1) i# %er+ #i'$leM

# 0 = # " + 2 # m

# 1 = # " - # m

urther'ore #euen&e %"lue# &"n be &"l&ul"te "uto'"ti&"ll+ u#in. #u$$ortin. routine# < @TAT@ (#e&tion ==- or #e&tion ==-?) or A:< @TAT@ @TA? A</ ote hoe%er th"t "t" '"nu"ll+ #houl be $ut in the &orre&t in$ut ,or'"tY Thi# in$ut ,or'"t ill be i#&u##e in 'ore et"il in #e&tion K/?/2-3 "n 3-2/ 2) AR not"tionF n the ie"l &"#e o, " tr"n#,or'er h"%in. non-eCi#tin. (or %er+ lo) P// eC&it"tion &urrent# the inu&t"n&e '"triC oe# not e%en eCi#t/ or thi# #$e&i"l #itu"tion " #$e&i"l o$tion (AR not"tion) i# u#e/ Here BAB #t"n# ,or < -1 (the in%er#e o, the inu&t"n&e) hi&h oe# eCi#t/ Re'"rk hoe%er th"t the #u$$ortin. routine =R!R i# not "ble to &re"te out$ut in AR not"tion in orer to tre"t #u&h "n Bie"lB tr"n#,or'er/ n the other h"n :TRA &"n but it oe# not &re"te the t+$e 515253 br"n&h ,or'"t bein. i#&u##e here/ Card format

or thi# &"r-t+$e 2 i,,erent ,or'ul"tion# eCi#tF $h"#e %"lue "n #euen&e %"lue ,or'ul"tion/ or the $h"#e %"lue ,or'ul"tion in "ition 2 i,,erent not"tion# eCi#tF the R<-not"tion "n the AR-not"tion/ n both not"tion# three i,,erent &"r ,or'"t# &"n be u#e F / nor'"l ,or'"t (DKTA; 0) / hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t (DKTA; 1) / ,ree ,or'"t/ The#e &"r ,or'"t# ,ir#t ill be eC$l"ine ,or the R<-not"tion (nor'"l u#".e)/ eCt the AR-not"tion ill be i#&u##e/ The#e not"tion# hi&h belon. to the $h"#e %"lue ,or'ul"tion ill be ,olloe b+ "nother $"rt here "n eCtr" ,or'"t u#e ,or the #euen&e %"lue ,or'ul"tion ill be i#&u##e/ &@ase values R4 notation

or'"ll+ the R< not"tion i# u#e/ ou &"n #t"&k the %"lue# ,or UR "n U< in the "+ eC$l"ine in #e&tion K//3/ , $re%iou#l+ the AR not"tion "# u#e +ou &"n to..le to the R< not"tion b+ u#in. the ,olloin. &"rF

Rulebook ATP >junio 1996 - internet) 1

2

3

4

H04&

5

6

7

3 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

U S E

R L

97


To #$e&i,+  'utu"ll+ &ou$le R-< ele'ent# the ,olloin. ,or'"t i# u#eF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

";&% "%$

,%@%,%"% ,.

%/%%"*$ < 

%/%%"*$ < 1

%/%%"*$ < 2

E  Y T I

I2

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

A6

BUS4

A6

R

E6.2

L

R

E12.2

E6.2

L

R

L

E6.2

E12.2

E12.2

98 HIGH-PRECISION CARD FORMAT ($VINTAGE, 1)

%en in thi# &"#e there i# " hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t "%"il"ble/ All %"lue ,or'"t# "re no #it&he to the 16/0 ,or'"t/ eCt .ri #ho# the in$ut #tru&ture/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

";&% "%$

%/%%"*$

,%@%,%"% ,.

E  Y T I

I2

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

A6

BUS4

A6

R

L

E16.0

E16.0

99

FREE FORMAT

:e#ie# the re.ul"r ,or'"t "n the hi.h-$re&i#ion ,or'"t " thir (but tri&k+) "+ &"n be u#e to in$ut t+$e 515253 R< br"n&he#/ Thi# in$ut i# &"lle R R!AT but it i# not tot"ll+ B,reeB/ @o'e i'$ort"nt rule# "$$l+ here F #e$"r"te e"&h ,iel b+ &o''"# (i/e/ l"#t #i.n o, the %"ri"ble HR! in the @TARTP ,ile)M bl"nk# "re tot"ll+ i.nore "n noe n"'e# "re le,t "ju#teM


4 -

H04&

o not in$ut noe n"'e# ",ter &olu'n 26M o not in$ut %"lue# be,ore &olu'n 27M !"ke #ure there i# "l"+# " tot"l o, ,i%e &o''"# be,ore &olu'n 26 (eli'itin. one t+$e ,iel "n ,our noe n"'e ,iel#) "n " tot"l o, #iC &o''"# #houl ,ollo &olu'n 27 (eli'itin. #iC nu'eri& ,iel# ,or R "n <)/ , the ,i.ure# "re to be &ontinue on the neCt &"r be&"u#e the nu'ber o, &olu'n# $er &"r eC&eee the &ontinu"tion #+'bol (,i,th &h"r"&ter o, HR! o, @TARTP u#u"ll+ BDB) 'u#t be u#e/ n #u&h &"r no eCtr" &o''"# "re neee/

-

ith the#e rule# onl+ &olu'n 27 'u#t be eter'ine "# $o#ition in,or'"tion/ n the other h"n " $"in#t"kin. &ount o, &o''"# i# ne&e##"r+/ @ee #e&tion K//3 (re'"rk#) "n #e&tion K//4 (eC"'$le#) ,or ,urther u#".e/ @u$$ortin. routine =R!R (#e&tion ==/A) &re"te# $un&he &"r out$ut in ,ree-,or'"t not"tion/ AR notation

n #o'e &"#e# the U< -1-'"triC i# ill-&onitionne or #in.ul"r #o U< oe# not eCi#t/ There,or the AR not"tion i# u#e/ BAB #t"n# ,or the U< -1-'"triC "n BRB #t"n# ,or the UR-'"triC/ @it&hin. to the AR not"tion &"n be one b+ the ,olloin. &"rF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

U S E

A R

100

n thi# &"#e e u#e the ,olloin. eu"tionF

dv dt

-1

-1

= [L ] v - [L ] [R]i 11

o e h"%e to be &"re,ull hen $un&hin. the "t" in the in$ut ,or'"t/ The U<-1-'"triC re$l"&e# R in the in$ut ,or'"t/ n the #"'e "+ the UR-'"triC re$l"&e# < in the in$ut ,or'"t/ %euence values

hen u#in. the #euen&e %"lue ,or'ul"tion onl+ one &"r ,or'"t eCi#t#F


1

2

3

4

5

H04&

6

7

5 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

,%@%,%"% ,.

";&% "%$

$%G#%"% -/#%$

E  Y T I

I2

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

A6

BUS4

A6

R

E6.2

L

E12.2

''

Parameters

olloin. i# "n eC$l"n"tion o, the $"r"'eter# u#e in the "bo%e &"r ,or'"t#/ A i#tin&tion #houl be '"e beteen $h"#e %"lue "n #euen&e %"lue u#".e/ PHASE VALUE USAGE (NORMAL, HIGH-PRECISION OR FREE FORMAT)

IT&E @$e&i,ie#  $h"#e# b+ nu'berin. 51 52 53 ///(50N) in thi# ,iel/  i# li'ite u$ to 40/ ontinu"tion &"r# 'u#t h"%e bl"nk TP ,iel#/ +%'B +%* Ter'in"l noe n"'e# o, the ele'ent# in the $h"#e ini&"te b+ the TP ,iel/ oe# '"+ be .roune (ini&"te b+ bl"nk ,iel n"'e) i, e#ire/ +%0B +%5 u"ll+ to 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R< br"n&he# re,eren&in. &"n be u#e here/ The #"'e rule# 'u#t be t"ken into "&&ount "# t+$in. onl+ the noe n"'e# o, the ,ir#t $h"#e o, the re,eren&e #et in the #"'e #euen&e/ RB 4 The nu'eri&"l %"lue# o, the '"tri&e# UR "n U< "re to be $ut in the#e ,iel#/ The unit# ,or R ill be in oh'# "n ,or < there "re to &"#e#F

- nu&t"n&e < F 'H i, =PT J *eroM - Re"&t"n&e 2 p,>< in oh'# "t ,reuen&+ , J =PT Re'"rk# - !"tri&e# UR "n U< "re #+''etri& #o onl+ nee to be #$e&i,ie on "n belo the i".on"l/ hen one &"r i# not #u,,i&ient to #$e&i,+ "ll R-< %"lue# then &ontinu"tion &"r# "re u#e ith &olu'n# 1-26 le,t bl"nk/ The ,olloin. ,or'"t "$$lie#F


6

H04&

") ,or DKTA; 0F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

51

SA

RA

R11

L11

52

SB

RB

R21

L21

R22

L22

53

SC

RC

R31

L31

R32

L32

R33

L33

54

SD

RD

R41

L41

R42

L42

R43

L43

R44

L44

R51

L51

R52

L52

R53

L53

R54

L54

R55

L55

55

SE

RE

. . . E*.

102 b) ,or DKTA; 1F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

51

SA

RA

R11

L11

52

SB

RB

R21

L21

R22

L22

R31

L31

R32

L32

R33

L33

R41

L41

R42

L42

R43

L43

R44

L44

53

54

SC

RC

SD

RD

. . . E*.

103

- There i# no br"n&h &urrent out$ut $o##ible ,or thi# br"n&h t+$e/ Hoe%er the br"n&h %olt".e &"n be obt"ine on the ,ir#t to $h"#e# (&olu'n 80 i# not bein. u#e)/ - There i# onl+ one #u$$ortin. routine th"t &"n be u#e to .ener"te the "t" in the $ro$er in$ut ,or'"tF


H04&

7

=R!RF to eri%e UR "n UUu"tionF o'e."< ,or #in.le-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er# in ,ree ,or'"t R< not"tion ($h"#e %"lue ,or'ul"tion)/ @ee "l#o #e&tion ==/A/ SEQUENCE VALUES USAGE

IT&E @$e&i,ie#  $h"#e# b+ nu'berin. 51 52 53 ///(50N) in thi# ,iel/  i# li'ite u$ to 40/ +%'B +%* Ter'in"l noe n"'e# o, the ele'ent# in the $h"#e ini&"te b+ the TP ,iel/ oe# '"+ be .roune (ini&"te b+ bl"nk ,iel n"'e) i, e#ire/ +%0B +%5 Ter'in"l noe n"'e# o, the ,ir#t br"n&h ($h"#e) o, the re,eren&e #et/ RB 4 The ,ir#t &"r (t+$e 51) &"rrie# the ho'o$ol"r or *ero #euen&e %"lue# (R0 <0)/ The #e&on &"r (t+$e 52) &ont"in# the ire&t or $o#iti%e #euen&e %"lue# (R 1 <1) "n the R "n < ,iel o, the thir &"r h"# to be le,t bl"nk/ The unit# ,or R "n < "re the #"'e "# 'entione ,or the $re%iou# ,or'"t/ or
- nu&t"n&e < F 'H i, =PT J *eroM - Re"&t"n&e 2 p,>< in oh'# "t ,reuen&+ , J =PT

Re'"rk - , &olu'n# 15-80 o, the thir "n not le,t bl"nk the !TP ill not #$e&i,ie ith #euen&e %"lue#/ n be "##u'e ith the re#ult re$re#ent"tion/

,urther &"r# ,or #euen&e %"lue# "re re&o.ni*e the &ou$le br"n&he# "# bein. thi# &"#e the $h"#e o'"in ,or'"t ill bein. " %er+ unb"l"n&e erroneou#

Examples

eCt eC"'$le ill #ho the u#e o, nor'"l 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R< ele'ent#/ ell u#e the out$ut o, the #u$$ortin. routine =R!R (#ee #e&tion ==-A) hi&h ,or'"t i# " hi.h-$re&i#ion "n ,ree ,or'"t/  8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0 51H1     0/9272618817281-01  0/3493188082966N03   52<1     -0/5411077293636-01  0/2037410770117N03 D 0/3157657837292-01  0/1189555285801N03    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0 A #e&on eC"'$le #ho# the #$e&i"l &"#e o, #euen&e %"lue#F


8

N1A

N1B

N1C

H04&

R

L

R

L

N2B

R

L

N2C

N2A

C;#?/+"

104 The #euen&e $"r"'eter# ,or eC"'$le &oul beF R0 J 4/5 oh' <0 J 87/6 'H  8

1

2

R1 J 3/1 oh' <1 J 66/4 'H 3

4

5

6

7

 34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0 51 1A 2A 4/5 87/6 52 1: 2: 3/1 66/4 53 1 2  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0


H04,

1

I6.!. +ranc@ input usin/ CA%CADED &I $eature I6.!.'. Applications

1 ;RA< @A; n @e&tion K/: e "lre"+ i#&u##e the 'ulti-$h"#e no'in"l P-eui%"lent/ Thi# "$$e"re to be " .oo 'oel to #i'ul"te tr"n#ient beh"%iour on #hort line# "n &"ble#/ :+ &onne&tin. '"n+ #hort #e&tion# in #erie# kee$in. tr"&k o, the "&tu"l tr"n#$o#ition (i, "n+) e%en " tr"n#ient 'oel ,or " lon. line &"n be obt"ine/ et be&"u#e o, the enor'ou# 'e'or+ reuire'ent# 'ore #o$hi#ti&"te 'oel# ere ,or'ul"te/ !ore et"il# &"n be ,oun in #e&tion 4/2/ o, the Theor+ :ook/ or tr"n#ient "n"l+#i# the 'oel# o, #e&tion K/? "re 'ore "$$ro$ri"te/ or #te"+ #t"te ("t "n+ ,reuen&+) the A@A?? P o$tion e"lt ith in thi# #e&tion i# " better "ltern"ti%e #in&e it i# le## 'e'or+ &on#u'in./ n the other h"n #o'e i'$ort"nt li'it"tion# eCi#tF A@A?? P u#e# the lon.-line eui%"lent (not the no'in"l P-eui%"lent)/ Hen&e the 'oel i# onl+ %"li "t one #$e&i,i& ,reuen&+/ A&&orin.l+ onl+ #te"+ #t"te &"l&ul"tion# (T!A= Uu"tionF WJ 0 on 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r) "t th"t #$e&i,i& ,reuen&+ RO@ (#ee K//2-1F "#&"e P he"er &"r) "re honore/ The ,reuen&+ o, the t+$e-14 #our&e# #houl h"%e the #"'e %"lue "# RO@/ the u#er &"n onl+ obt"in re#ult# "t the line ter'in"l# not "t the inter&onne&tion $oint#/ A re$re#ent"tion o, #u&h " 'oel +ou &"n ,in in the ,i.ure belo/

B

RA1

1A1

2A1

2C1

4C1

5B1

6B1

7A1

'A1

4A1

5C1

6C1

7B1

'B1

4B1

5A1

6A1

7C1

'C1

!EN RB1

1B1

2B1

RC1

1C1

2C1

3A1

3B1

5'1

B  /  " 4 % & 3 > ? 0  $ % ; / *  5 % $

7'1

105 The '"the'"ti&"l 'oellin. o, thi# &"n be inter$rete "# ,ollo#/ The &o'$onent# re$re#entin. the line "re e,ine #euenti"ll+ "# " &h"in ,ro' one en (#enin. en) to the other (re&ei%in. en)/ or e"&h #u&h #e&tion " lon.line eui%"lent P i# u#e/ Thi# "t" i# in it# turn $ro&e##e "# it i# re" #euenti"ll+ #o "# to $rou&e "t "n+ #t".e o, the $ro&e## " '"the'"ti&"l eui%"lent ,or "ll &o'$onent# beteen the #enin. en "n the l"#t &o'$onent re"/ Thi# i# #hon in the neCt ,i.ure/


2

H04,

EG#+-/%"* @;, C;?;"%"*

EG#+-/%"* @;,

;?;"%"*$ ;?;"%"*$ ) 1 2 3 ... )>1 1 2 3 ... )

106 To re$re#ent thi# '"the'"ti&"l 'oel onl+ the no"l "'itt"n&e '"triC U i# u#e/ Hen&e hen in$ut $ro&e##in. o, the l"#t &o'$onent o, the &h"in i# &o'$lete "n "'itt"n&e '"triC "'on. the ter'in"l noe# o, the line# eCi#t# "# #hon in the ,olloin. '"triC/

    ** *R   12    R*  RR  Re'"rk#F - The nu'ber o, ele'ent#  k' o, the '"triC U onl+ e$en# on the nu'ber o, tr"n#'i##ion line#M it i# ine$enent o, the nu'ber o, &o'$onent# hi&h "re &"#&"e to.ether/ - The nu'ber o, &"#&"e &o'$onent# h"# it# e,,e&t on the &o'$ut"tion"l e,,ort to $rou&e "n eui%"lent/ nl+ the &o'$uter ti'e ,or tr"n#l"tin. the in$ut "t" to the .lob"l no"l '"triC U ill in&re"#e ith the nu'ber o, &"#&"e &o'$onent#/ The ti'e ,i.ure ,or the #te"+-#t"te #olution re'"in# the #"'e be&"u#e ,in"ll+ onl+ one "'itt"n&e '"triC ill be ithhel/ 2 @P @A;  BA@A?? PB olloin. rule# 'u#t be t"ken into "&&ount hen u#in. the &"#&"e P ,e"ture/ 1) The ,ir#t line #e.'ent o, the &h"in o, ele'ent# hi&h "re to be &"#&"e '"+ not h"%e "n+ #erie# or #hunt &onne&tion#/ Th"t i# the #enin. en 'u#t be.in ith " P-&ir&uit/ 2) @e&on "n l"ter #e&tion# &"n e"&h &on#i#t o, u$ to ,our t+$e# o, #ub&o'$onent# in the orer "# #hon beloF ") @erie# un&ou$le R-<- br"n&he# i, "n+/ b) @hunt un&ou$le R-<- br"n&he# i, "n+/ &) e line-$o#ition (tr"n#$o#ition) #$e&i,i&"tion i, "n+/ ) #$e&i,i&"tion o, ne (i/e/ &h"n.e) P-&ir&uit $"r"'eter '"tri&e# UR U< "n U/ hen u#in. i".no#ti& (#ee ben&h'"rk ?PRT25) the $ro.r"' "l#o ill .ener"te " $h"#or br"n&h "'itt"n&e '"triC/ nl+ the %"lue# "re obt"ine &orre&tl+F the ,or'"t h"# to be 'oi,ie '"nu"ll+ "&&orin. to the #$e&i,i&"tion# eC$l"ine in #e&tion K/;/ :ARF i".no#ti& #houl be "&ti%"te in &olu'n 26 (o%erl"+ 3 J br"n&h in$ut)/ The 'ini'u' PR@P(3)-%"lue eu"l# three/ Thi# ill .i%e +ou onl+ the ,in"l %"lue# ,or the $h"#or br"n&h "'itt"n&e '"triC to be u#e "# in$ut (#ee #e&tion K/;)/ A hi.her PR@P(3)-%"lue ill li#t "ll inter'ei"te re#ult# o, the #e&tion eli'in"tion too/ 3 PT @TRTR n orer to utili*e the BA@A?? PB 'oellin. ,e"ture "# $"rt o, "n !TP "t" &"#e the ,olloin. &l"##e# o, "t" "re in%ol%e in the orer ini&"teF


H04,

3

l"## 1 F BA@A?? PB he"er &"rM #$e&i"l reue#t &"r hi&h be.in# the e,inition $ro&e##/ l"## 2 F "r# hi&h #$e&i,+ the #enin. en "n re&ei%in. en bu# n"'e# "# ell "# the UR U< "n U '"tri&e# hi&h "$$l+ to the ,ir#t P&ir&uit/ l"## 3 F
1 A@A?? P HA?R AR? To be.in the e,inition o, " &"#&"e P #e&tion the ,olloin. #$e&i"l reue#t &"r 'u#t be u#eF 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

N  H C A S F R E  C S

CASCADED I

I6

E6.2

107

2 @PAT AR?  :@ A!@ A? !ATR@ UR U< "n U The#e "t" &"r# "re u#e to #$e&i,+ the #enin.-en "n re&ei%in.-en bu# n"'e# o, the line "# ell "# the UR U< "n U '"tri&e# hi&h &h"r"&t"ri*e the line or &"ble .eo'etr+ o, the ,ir#t #e&tion/ The ,or'"t "n 'e"nin. "re ienti&"l to th"t o, the &on%ention"l P-&ir&uit (t+$e 123)F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

";&% "%$

,%@%,%"% ,.

%/%%"*$ < 

%/%%"*$ < 1

%/%%"*$ < 2

E  Y T I

I2

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

A6

BUS4

A6

R

E6.2

L

E6.2

C

E6.2

R

L

E6.2

E6.2

C

E6.2

R

E6.2

L

C

E6.2

E6.2

108 @u$$ortin. routine# < @TAT@ A:< @TAT@ or @!< @TP &"n be u#e "# "t" .ener"tor#/ :e #ure to #ele&t out$ut th"t &orre#$on# to the no'in"l P (#ee #e&tion K/:/)/ urther be #ure to run the #u$$ortin. routine# "t the &orre&t ,reuen&+ (RO@ on &"#&"e P he"er &"r)/ 3 < P@T AR? R @?;-? @T


4

H04,

n thi# line $o#ition &"r one &"n #$e&i,+ &ontrol $"r"'eter $ert"inin. to the "##o&i"te line #e&tion "n lu'$e ele'ent# onl+ ,or the ,ir#t #e.'ent the be.innin. o, the &"#&"in. $ro&e##/ or thi# the ,or'"t uner #e&tion 4 ill be u#e #$e&i,+in. onl+ the ,ir#t #e.'ent/ 4 < P@T AR? or the other #e.'ent# the .ener"l ,or'"t o, the line $o#ition &"r hi&h i# #hon belo &"n be u#e/ 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

$%>/;*+;" +"&+*;, MACASI

= T C E S D

 I T L U M

E6.2

R E S M

I4

I4

R B M

I4

T C E S M

I4

E*. @;, // ?$%$ 1 % $  0 

2 % $  0 

I4

I4

3 % $  0 

I4

.... MACASI I1 NHCAS

....

109 5 @R@ R-<- :RAH AR? "&h #erie# R-<- br"n&h &onne&te in #erie# ith "n+ $"rti&ul"r &onu&tor o, the line &"n be $un&he in the ,olloin. ,or'"tF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

E  Y T I

S%,+%$ R

I2

E6.2

S%, +%$

S %, +%$

L

C

E6.2

E6.2

110

6 @HT R-<- :RAH AR? @erie# R-<- br"n&he# '"+ be &onne&te in #hunt beteen "n+ to noe# hi&h "re either &onu&tor noe# or inter'ei"te "Ctr" noe# in&luin. lo&"l .roun/ olloin. ,or'"t ill be u#eF 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

TERMINAL BRANCH N!DE ARAMETER (ALUES NUMBERS

N1

N2

R

L

I6

I6

E6. 2

E6. 2

C

E6.2

111

7 HA;  < PARA!TR@ UR U< "n U


H04,

5

?urin. the &"#&"in. $ro&e## the line .eo'etr+ &"n be "ltere i, e#ire hi&h ne&e##it"te# the ree,inition o, the '"tri&e# UR U< "n U/ , thi# i# the &"#e the $re%iou#l+ #$e&i,ie line-$o#ition &"r 'u#t be ""$te "# e%"lu"te in #e&tion K//3-4/ The .ener"l ,or'"t then u#e ,or thi# &h"n.e o, line $"r"'eter# i# the #"'e ,or'"t "# #hon in $oint 2 o, thi# #e&tion but noti&e the re'"rk# in #e&tion K//3-7/ 8 TR!AT  A@A?? P ?ATA The l"#t &"r in the &"#&"e P e,inition #euen&e i# " re&or re"in. B@TP A@A?B/ Thi# &"r ini&"te# the en o, $ro&e##in. "ll #e.'ent# '"kin. u$ the line hi&h &onne&t# the #enin.-en "n re&ei%in.-en bu##e#/ 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

S T ! 

C A S C A D E

112 I6.!.0. &arameters

1 A@A?? P HA?R AR? CA%CADED &I Reue#t or to ini&"te the be.innin. o, $ro&e##in. "ll #e.'ent# o, the &"#&"e P &ir&uit/ N&:CA% The nu'ber o, $h"#e# or &onu&tor# in the &ir&uit to be &"#&"e/ @ee "l#o the re'"rk ,olloin./ !REC% The ,reuen&+ in H* o, the #inu#oi"l #te"+-#t"te $h"#or #olution th"t i# to be $er,or'e/ Re&"ll th"t on the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# T!A=Z0 #houl be #$e&i,ie (#ee #e&tion K//1-1F .ener"l u#".e)/ Re'"rkF The '"Ci'u' $er'i##"ble nu'ber o, PHA@ i# e$enent u$on KAR?! i'en#ionin. (#ee #e&tion -;)/ Ce&ution #houl ter'in"te ith "n o%er,lo error 'e##".e i, the u#er "tte'$t# to re$re#ent " line or &"ble h"%in. too '"n+ &onu&tor#/ 2 @PAT AR?  :@ A!@ A? !ATR@ UR U< "n U IT&E ill out the nu'ber o, $h"#e# be.innin. ith 1 2 3 et&/ u$ to PHA@ (#ee $oint 1 o, thi# #e&tion)/ +%'B +%* oe n"'e# "t both en# o, the &ir&uit &on#i#tin. o, PHA@ $h"#e#/ oe# '"+ be .roune (ini&"te b+ " bl"nk ,iel n"'e) i, e#ire/ @ee "l#o re'"rk 2/ +%0B +%5 , the &"#&"e P &ir&uit e "re no #$e&i,+in. i# ienti&"l ith "nother $re%iou#l+ #$e&i,ie &"#&"e P &ir&uit ,olloin. #tor".e#"%in. o$tion '"+ be u#eF Re$e"t onl+ the ,ir#t noe n"'e# o, the re,eren&e &"#&"e P &ir&uit in the #"'e #euen&e in the :@3-:@4 ,iel#/ F m'ho# (PT J ,) Re'"rk#F 1) @u$$ortin. routine# < @TAT@ or A:< @TAT@ &"n be u#e "# "t" .ener"tor#/ :e #ure to #ele&t out$ut th"t &orre#$on# to the lon.-line


6

H04,

eui%"lent/ urther be #ure to run the #u$$ortin. routine# "t the &orre&t ,reuen&+ (RO@ on &"#&"e P he"er &"r)/ 2) The noe n"'e# on " $"rti&ul"r &"r o not ne&e##"ril+ &orre#$on to the R-<- '"triC %"lue# on the #"'e &"r/ The line $o#ition &"r t"ke# &"re o, the rel"tion beteen bu# n"'e "n R-<- '"triC %"lue#/ @ee #e&tion K//3-3/ 3) hen u#in. re,eren&e &"#&"e P &ir&uit# the $ro.r"' ill $ro$erl+ $ro&e## the re,eren&e "t" ith or ithout the A@A?? P he"er &"r "n @TP A@A? ter'in"tor &"r/ "re 'u#t be t"ken th"t either both or none o, the#e &"r# #houl "$$e"r/ 4) At le"#t one o, the '"tri&e# UR "n U< 'u#t be non*ero/ !"triC U '"+ be *ero/ @$e&i,i&"ll+ Uu"tionF \U\rUR\ N \#Uj o'e." \U\rU<\ 'u#t be non-#in.ul"r/ 5) !"tri&e# UR U< "n U "re #+''etri& #o the+ "re onl+ nee to be #$e&i,ie on "n belo the i".on"l/ The ,olloin. ,or'"t "$$lie#F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1

SA

RA

R11

L11

C11

2

SB

RB

R21

L21

C21

R22

L22

C22

3

SC

RC

R31

L31

C31

R32

L32

C32

R33

L33

C33

4

SD

RD

R41

L41

C41

R42

L42

C42

R43

L43

C43

R44

L44

C44

R51

L51

C51

R52

L52

C52

R53

L53

C53

L54

C54

R55

L55

C55

5

SE

RE

R54

. . .

E*.

113 6) o br"n&h %olt".e or br"n&h &urrent out$ut i# $o##ible ,or thi# ,e"ture/ ?ont $ut "n+ o, the#e #$e&i"l $un&he# in &ol/ 80/ , &our#e the &o'$lete #te"+-#t"te #olution ill #ho "ll br"n&h ,lo#/ 3 < P@T AR? R @?;-? @T The .ener"l eC$l"n"tion +ou &"n ,in in the ,olloin. #e&tion/ 4 < P@T AR? D%ECTM @$e&i,ie# the tot"l len.th o, #e.'ent#/ Thi# len.th i# eter'ine "# " $er unit len.th here thi# unit i# the b"#e len.th o, " line re$re#ente b+ the eui%"lent P '"triC/ C"'$leF , e h"%e " tot"l len.th o, " line o, 5 'ile# "n the eui%"lent P '"triC i# $er 'ile then ?@T J 5/0/ , the eui%"lent P '"triC re$re#ent# the tot"l line bein. 5 'ile# then ?@T J 1/0/ "4TI& !ulti$li&it+ ,"&tor/ ,  ienti&"l #e&tion# "re &"#&"e to.ether ithout "n+ tr"n#$o#ition then !

H04,

7

!@R J -1Fthi# ini&"te# th"t there i# " R-<- #erie# &onne&tion ,or thi# #e&tion(#)/ The "t" ,ro' the l"#t R-<- #erie# &onne&tion i# to be u#e/ @ee "l#o re'"rk 2/ "+R @$e&i,i&"tion o, R-<- #hunt &onne&tion#/ !:R J 1F thi# ini&"te# th"t there i# " R-<- #hunt &onne&tion ,or thi# #e&tion(#) "n "t" ,or thi# i# to ,ollo/ !:R J 0F thi# ini&"te# th"t there i# no R-<- #hunt &onne&tion ,or thi# #e&tion(#)/ !:R J -1Fthi# ini&"te# th"t there i# " R-<- #hunt &onne&tion ,or thi# #e&tion(#)/ The "t" ,ro' the l"#t R-<- #hunt &onne&tion i# to be u#e/ "%ECT @$e&i,i&"tion o, the line-#e&tion $"r"'eter# R < "n /

!@T J 0F (or bl"nk) 'e"n# ol R-<- %"lue# "re u#e ,or ,olloin. #e&tion(#)/ !@T J 1F " ne R-<- '"triC i# to be re" in/ &@ase'B &@ase*B ... @$e&i,i&"tion o, line $o#ition/ The#e nu'ber# "re " '"$ o, the $o#ition o, the $h"#e# o, the &"#&"e &ir&uit/ The #euen&e o, the ,iel# ($h"#e1 $h"#e2 $h"#e3 ///) "# the+ "$$e"r in thi# &"r &orre#$on to the orer (1 2 3 ///) o, the $h"#e# "# the+ "$$e"r in the eui%"lent P &"r (hi&h #$e&i,+ the noe n"'e# "n R-<- %"lue#)/ The nu'ber entere in the#e $h"#e-,iel# i# the ro nu'ber o, the eui%"lent P '"triC here thi# $h"#e t"ke# e,,e&t on the ele&tri&"l $ro$ertie# #$e&i,ie b+ thi# ro/ C"'$leF , $h"#e 3 h"# ele&tri&"l $ro$ertie# hi&h "re #$e&i,ie b+ the #e&on ro o, the P eui%"lent '"triC then nu'ber 2 'u#t be entere in the ,iel uner B$h"#e3B (&olu'n 33-36)/ @ee "l#o re'"rk 3 ,or ,urther u#".e/ Re'"rkF 1) , !F m'ho# (PT J ,)


8

H04,

Re'"rkF 1) , " #hort &ir&uit i# e#ire #i'$l+ o not enter " "t" &"r o, thi# &l"## ,or th"t &onu&tor/ 2) , "n o$en &ir&uit i# e#ire $un&h ,iel BRB o, &olu'n# 27-32 ith B999999B to be inter$rete b+ the !TP "# " #$e&i"l ,l". 'e"nin. Bo$en &ir&uitB/ 3) At le"#t one o, the $"r"'eter %"lue# R < or  'u#t be non*ero/ 4) , the br"n&h h"# no R < or e%en  ju#t le"%e the &orre#$onin. ,iel bl"nk/ n &"#e o, " &"$"&itor the !TP ill inter$rete thi# "# " #hort &ir&uit here nor'"ll+ " *ero %"lue &"$"&itor h"# "n in,inite i'$e"n&e/ 5) The en o, the#e kin o, br"n&he# i# ini&"te b+ " bl"nk &"r/ 6 @HT R-<- :RAH AR? N'BN* The#e "re the nu'ber# o, the ter'in"l noe# beteen hi&h " #hunt R-<- br"n&h o&&ur#/ , one o, the noe# o, #u&h " br"n&h i# &onne&te to " &onu&tor then the nu'ber o, thi# &onu&tor ($h"#e) h"# been u#e/ , there "re ne inter'ei"te noe# (not &onne&te to the &onu&tor#) then ne."ti%e nu'ber# (-1 -2 ///) "re u#e/ A *ero or bl"nk i# u#e hen one "nt# to #$e&i,+ the .roun/ R Re#i#t"n&e %"lue in h'#/ 4 nu&t"n&e %"lue (in 'H or h'# e$enin. on =PT)/ - "n inu&t"n&e F m'ho# (PT J ,) Re'"rkF 1) At le"#t one o, the $"r"'eter %"lue# R < or  'u#t be non*ero/ 2) , the br"n&h h"# no R < or e%en  ju#t le"%e the &orre#$onin. ,iel bl"nk/ n &"#e o, " &"$"&itor the !TP ill inter$rete thi# "# " #hort &ir&uit here nor'"ll+ " *ero %"lue &"$"&itor h"# "n in,inite i'$e"n&e/ 3) The en o, the#e kin o, br"n&he# i# ini&"te b+ " bl"nk &"r/ 7 HA;  < PARA!TR@ UR U< "n U IT&E ill out the nu'ber o, $h"#e# be.innin. ith 1 2 3 et&/ u$ to PHA@ (#ee $oint 1 o, thi# #e&tion) +%'B +%* n &ontr"#t ith the ,or'"t o, &l"## 2 there "re no noe n"'e# to be #$e&i,ie/ F m'hoC (PT J ,) Re'"rk#F 1) 2)

, thi# &"r &ont"in %"lue At le"#t one '"+ be *ero/ #in.ul"r/

h"# to be "e the "##o&i"te line-$o#ition &"r 'u#t B1B in ,iel B!@TB/ o, the '"tri&e# UR "n U< 'u#t be non*ero/ !"triC U @$e&i,i&"ll+ Uu"tionF UR N j o'e." U< 'u#t be non-


3)

H04,

9

!"tri&e# UR U< "n U "re #+''etri& #o the+ onl+ nee to be #$e&i,ie on "n belo the i".on"l/ The ,olloin. ,or'"t "$$lie#F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1

SA

RA

R11

L11

C11

2

SB

RB

R21

L21

C21

R22

L22

C22

3

SC

RC

R31

L31

C31

R32

L32

C32

R33

L33

C33

4

SD

RD

R41

L41

C41

R42

L42

C42

R43

L43

C43

R44

L44

C44

R51

L51

C51

R52

L52

C52

R53

L53

C53

R54

L54

C54

R55

L55

C55

5

SE

RE

. . .

E*.

114

4) o br"n&h %olt".e or br"n&h &urrent out$ut i# $o##ible ,or ,e"ture/ ?ont $ut "n+ o, the#e #$e&i"l $un&he# in &ol/ 80/ , &our#e the &o'$lete #te"+-#t"te #olution ill #ho "ll br"n&h ,lo#/ 8 TR!AT  A@A?? P ?ATA %TO& CA%CADE ni&"tion th"t $ro&e##e/

"ll

#e&tion#

'"kin.

u$

the

line

"re

I6.!.5. E2amples

n orer to #ho the $oer o, thi# ,e"ture let u# &o'$"re the in$ut ,ile# ,or " .i%en &on,i.ur"tionF 1) '"nu"l #etu$ (ben&h'"rk ?10) 2) &"#&"e P #etu$ (ben&h'"rk ?9 or ?P25)/ Re'"rk the i,,eren&e# in len.th o, the in$ut ,ile#/ urther re'"rk th"t the &"#&"e P #etu$ h"# le## 'e'or+ reuire'ent# but i# le## ,leCibleF in the '"nu"l #etu$ "ll inter'eite noe# "re "&&e##ible tooYY 1 !AA< !TP ?ATA @TP :;  ?ATA A@  :H!ARI ?-10  o'$"nion to BA@A?? PB te#t o,  #e b"t&h-'oe #olution onl+ #in&e  "n then the *ero ?
$re&ein. "t" &"#e/ @"'e "n#er @P #et# T!A= to ne"rl+ in,init+ in "n error #to$/

/852 /723

8/43 /1559 4/17-/0277

/829

8/46 /1571

3

1 2

10


H04,

251 35A1 6A1 6:1 61 7A1 7:1 71

61 6A1 7A1 4:1 5:1 7:1 41 51 71 4A1 5A1 7;1 2:1 3:1 7;1 2:1 3:1 7;1 2:1 3:1 7;1 5;1 17A1 ;A1 1/658 16/92 /3142 27:1 ;:1 1/446 8/34-/0554 1/704 16/86 /3118 371 ;1 1/470 6/94-/0134 1/494 8/28-/0504 1/754 16/80 /3256 :  1A1 RA1 >2A1 >  R:1 1:1 >  1:1 R:1 >2:1 >  R1 11 >  11 R1 >21 >  2A1 1A1 >  2:1 1:1 >3:1 >  21 11 >41 >  3:1 2:1 >4:1 >  41 21 >51 >  3A1 4A1 >  t&/ ('"n+ 'ore &onne&tion#Y) ///// :
2 A@A?? P !?<<; :;   

 ?ATA A@ :H!ARI ?-9 llu#tr"tion o, '"n+ BA@A?? PB ,e"ture#/ @ee ?PRT-25 i, "n+ trouble "n ?-10 ,or &o'$"ri#on (#"'e #olution onl+ '"nu"l &"#&"e)/ 0/0 0/0 60/ (T!A=J0/M onl+ #te"+ #t"te 0 0 1 1 A@A?? P 3 60/0 (RO@J60 H* 1RA1 ;A1 /877 8/40 /1628 2R:1 ;:1 /747 4/14-/0252 /852 8/43 /1559 3R1 ;1 /735 3/47-/0067 /723 4/17-/0277 /829 8/46 /1571 1/0 2 0 0 1 1 2 3 1/0 1 1 0 0 2 3 1 2 999999 3 13/1449/071 :
Rulebook ATP >junio 1996 - internet) 1 2 3

-1 13/1449/071 -1 13/1449/071 -1 13/1449/071 -1 5/0 13/14 :
H04,

11


H04.

1

I6.G. &@asor ranc@ KL input i$ no transient simulation General

hen onl+ " $h"#or #olution (no tr"n#ient #i'ul"tion) i# to o&&ur then " br"n&h '"+ be e#&ribe b+ #te"+-#t"te $h"#or "'itt"n&e#/ The#e $h"#or "'itt"n&e# "re re$re#ente b+ the br"n&h "'itt"n&e '"triC U/ !"triC U h"# " ro "n " &olu'n ,or e"&h noe "t e"&h en o, the br"n&h/ Hen&e " 3-$h"#e br"n&h h"# " 6C6 br"n&h "'itt"n&e '"triC U/ !ore .ener"ll+ " -$h"#e &ir&uit ill h"%e " 2C2 U '"triC/ The BA@A?? PB &"#e i# the onl+ "t" .ener"tor &urrentl+ "%"il"ble to retrie%e the br"n&h "'itt"n&e '"triC U/ To #ee thi# '"triC in the out$ut e nee " ?A;@T &"r (&olu'n 26 ith 'ini'u' %"lue J 3) in the in$ut o, the A@A?? P &"#e/ :e"re #in&e the out$ut i# not i''ei"tel+ in the &orre&t in$ut ,or'"t ,or $h"#or br"n&h U u#".e/ or #te"+ #t"te #olution the PHA@R :RAH o$tion e"lt ith in thi# #e&tion i# "n "ltern"ti%e ,or the A@A?? P o$tion (o, #e&tion K//)/
A."in to i,,erent ,or'"t# eCi#tF

/ nor'"l ,or'"t (DKTA; 0) / hi.h $re&i#ion ,or'"t (DKTA;1)

The &"r ,or'"t to in$ut the $h"#or "'itt"n&e# b"#i&"ll+ i# the #"'e ,or'"t "# u#e in #e&tion K// (t+$e 515253)/ :ut the 'e"nin. o, the $"r"'eter# i# entirel+ i,,erent/ The onl+ "+ the $ro.r"' re&o.ni*e# the i,,eren&e beteen " 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R< in$ut "n " $h"#or br"n&h "'itt"n&e in$ut i# the unn"'e eCtr" $h"#e# ,or the eCtr" ro# o, the br"n&h "'itt"n&e '"triC/


H04.

2

NORMAL CARD FORMAT ($VINTAGE, 0) 1

2

3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 2 3 4 5

n!"e n#mes

ITYPE $%&1

I2

reference br

$%&2

$%&3

'6

'6

'6

4

'6

6

7

8

7 8 9 0 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

elements (k, m)

$%&4

5

elements (k, m+1)

elements (k, m+2)

T

T

T

T

T

T

E62

E122

E62

E122

E62

E122

115 HIGH PRECISION FORMAT ($VINTAGE, 1)

The #"'e ,or'"t "# in #e&tion K// ill "$$l+ here/ 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

";&% "%$

%/%%"*$

,%@%,%"% ,.

E  Y T I

I2

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

A6

A6

A6

A6

TR

E16.0

TX

E16.0

116 Parameters

IT&E @$e&i,ie#  $h"#e# b+ nu'berin. 51 52 53 ///50N2> in thi# ,iel/  i# li'ite u$ to 20/ n &"#e o, 3 $h"#e# the nu'berin. ill beF 515253545556 #in&e there "re 6 ro#/ ontinu"tion &"r# 'u#t h"%e bl"nk TP ,iel#/ @ee "l#o re'"rk 4/ +%'B +%* Ter'in"l noe n"'e# o, the ele'ent# in the $h"#e ini&"te b+ the TP ,iel/ oe# '"+ be .roune (ini&"te b+ bl"nk ,iel n"'e) i, e#ire/ n &"#e o, 3 $h"#e# there ill be 6 &"r# to be #$e&i,ie but onl+ the ,ir#t three &"r# ill &ont"in the noe n"'e#/ @ee "l#o re'"rk 4/ Thi# i# the onl+ i,,eren&e beteen the orin"r+ t+$e 515253 ele'ent o, #e&tion K// "n the $h"#or br"n&h "'itt"n&e i#&u##e in thi# #e&tion/ +%0B +%5 u"ll+ to 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R< br"n&he# re,eren&in. &"n be u#e here/ The #"'e rule# 'u#t be t"ken into "&&ount "# t+$in. onl+ the noe n"'e# o, the ,ir#t $h"#e o, the re,eren&e #et in the #"'e #euen&e/ TRB T, The#e ,iel# "re o&&u$ie ith the $h"#or br"n&h "'itt"n&e %"lue# (TR &ont"in# the re"l $"rt T= &ont"in# the i'".in"r+ $"rt) eC$re##e in 'ho "n &"l&ul"te "t the ,reuen&+ ,or hi&h the #te"+ #t"te &"l&ul"tion ill be $er,or'e/ hen the A@A?? P ,e"ture "# u#e "# "t" .ener"tor thi# ,reuen&+ h"# the %"lue RO@/

nlike $re%iou# &"#e# =PT "l"+# #houl be $ut eu"l to 1(2 p) in orer to "%oi #&"lin./ The %"lue o, PT h"# no i'$ort"n&e ,or t+$e 515253 &"r#/


H04.

3

noteF TR "n T= "re the t"ble he"er# "# obt"ine b+ the "t" .ener"tor (A@A?? P-,e"ture u#in. ?A;@T out$ut in o%erl"+ 3 (J&olu'n 26)/ The 'ini'u' %"lue ,or PR@P(3) J 3)/ Re'"rk# 1) !"tri&e# UTR "n UT= "re #+''etri& #o onl+ nee to be #$e&i,ie on "n belo the i".on"l/ hen one &"r i# not #u,,i&ient to #$e&i,+ "ll TR-T= %"lue# then &ontinu"tion &"r# "re u#e ith &olu'n# 1-26 le,t bl"nk/ The onl+ "+ the $ro.r"' re&o.ni*e the i,,eren&e beteen " 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R< in$ut (t+$e 515253) "n the $h"#or br"n&h U in$ut i# the unn"'e eCtr" $h"#e# ,or the eCtr" ro# o, the '"triC/ The ,olloin. ,or'"t "$$lie# ,or " 3-$h"#e &"#eF ") ,or DKTA; 0F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

51

SA

RA

TR1

TX1

52

SB

RB

TR2

TX2

TR3

TX3

53

SC

RC

TR4

TX4

TR5

TX5

TR6

TX6

TR7

TX7

TR8

TX8

TR9

TX9

TR10

TX10

TR11

TX11

TR12

TX12

TR13

TX13

TR14

TX14

TR15

TX15

TR16

TX16

TR17

TX17

TR18

TX18

TR19

TX19

TR20

TX20

TR21

TX21

54

55

56

117


H04.

4

b) ,or DKTA; 1F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

51

SA

RA

TR1

TX1

52

SB

RB

TR2

TX2

TR3

TX3

TR4

TX4

TR5

TX5

TR6

TX6

TR7

TX7

TR8

TX8

TR9

TX9

TR10

TX10

TR11

TX11

TR12

TX12

TR13

TX13

TR14

TX14

TR15

TX15

TR16

TX16

TR17

TX17

TR18

TX18

TR19

TX19

TR20

TX20

TR21

TX21

53

54

55

56

SC

RC

118 2)

There i# no br"n&h &urrent out$ut $o##ible ,or thi# br"n&h t+$e/ Hoe%er the br"n&h %olt".e &"n be obt"ine on the ,ir#t to $h"#e# (&olu'n 80 i# not bein. u#e)/

3)

There 'u#t be "e to DT@ &"r#/ ") The ,ir#t one BDT@ /1591549431 0/B i# '"n"tor+ hene%er U in$ut i# u#e #o lo"in. U into

H04.

5

b) The #e&on BDT@ -1/ -1/B &"r i# neee to re#tore the $re%iou# %"lue# o, =PT "n (le## i'$ort"nt) PT/ Example

?"t" .ener"torF :;  ?ATA A@  :H!ARI ?PR-25 ?i".no#ti& %er#ion o, ?A;@T 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S&riti&"l to .ener"te $h"#or br"n&h out$ut 0/0 0/0 60/ 0 0 1 1 A@A?? P 3 60/0 1RA1 ;A1 /877 8/40 /1628 2R:1 ;:1 /747 4/14-/0252 /852 8/43 /1559 3R1 ;1 /735 3/47-/0067 /723 4/17-/0277 /829 8/46 /1571 / /

?-9/

nl+ the eCtr" ?A;@T line &ontent# "n $l"&e "re #hon here/ The re'"iner o, thi# "t" &"#e i# the #"'e "# ?9 ("lre"+ e$i&te in #e&tion K//)/ ;ener"te br"n&h "'itt"n&e out$utF olloin. i# "n eCtr"&t o, the &riti&"l $ortionF TR-T= t"ble/ Ro#

1 throu.h T o,
R 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00

 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00 0/0000000000000000N00

#in. br"n&h "'itt"n&e "# in$utF :;  ?ATA A@  :H!ARI ?-11  llu#tr"tion o, "t" in$ut u#in. U/ !"triC &o'e# ,ro' ?-9 (or  'ore $re&i#el+ ?PRT-25 #in&e ?A;@T i# neee to #ee it)/  @olution i# &lo#e to ?-9 (re'e'ber li'ite in$ut U $re&i#ion)/  ote to DT@ &"r#/ The 2n returnin. to ori.in"l =PT "n  PT oe# nothin. #in&e "ll "t" in$ut i# &o'$lete/ :ut the 1#t  i# '"n"tor+ hene%er U in$ut i# u#e #o in$ut U in 'ho# ill  be lo"e into Pi #in&e the #&"lin. ,"&tor ,or U< i#  2 > Pi ti'e# thi# ,reuen&+ (/1591549431) in H* --- hi&h i# unit+/  1#t o, 3 #ub&"#e#/ The 2n ill u#e "ltern"te ie ,or'"t ,or U/ 0/0 0/0 60/ S ote =PT J 60 (ne%er "&tu"ll+ u#e) T!A=J0M onl+ #te"+ #t"te 1 1 Sonl+ #te"+ #t"te  e =PT PT J 1/59154943-01 0/00000000N00 DT@ /1591549431 0/0  1#t o, &ou$le R-

H04.

 3/660-03-6/532-02-2/000-05 2/742-02 4/850-03 /  e =PT PT J 6/00000000N01 0/00000000N00 DT@ 60/ 0/0 S Re#tore DT@ /1591549431 0/0 S n#ure# no #&"lin. o, U in 'ho#/ =PT J 1(2>Pi) 51RA1 ;A1 4/8-9 1/22811-04 S 1#t ro o, 6C6 U in 'ho# 52R:1 ;:1 -1/-7-2/24227-05/00944-2/57399-02 53R1 ;1 4/3-8-1/46254-05-/0085 1/67291-02/01660-4/74760-02 54 -1/-7-9/42642-06/01871-5/03015-02-/0145 2/40976-02 /04631-1/15612-02 55 1/5-6 6/45897-06-/0168 5/97172-02/01897-4/24556-02 -/0327 3/04757-02/03607-6/06204-02 56 1/2-6 4/48565-06/00209-2/06269-02-/0022 3/68953-02 /00366-6/53239-02-2/-5 2/74250-02/00485 9/93931-03 DT@ 60/ 0/0 S Re#tore ori.in"l %"lue#M B!A;B en# #&"lin. =T@ J 1/ :  ;A1 RA1 >  R:1 ;:1 >  ;:1 R:1 >  R1 ;1 >  ;1 R1 >  --------------N-----------------------------:Pi) DKTA; 1 S @it&h to "ltern"te ie ,or'"t in ith R-< "re re" "# R-<- 51RA1 ;A1 4/8-9 1/22811-04 S R <  "# 316/0 52R:1 ;:1 -1/-7 -2/24227-05 S ne tri$let  &"r /00944 -2/57399-02 53R1 ;1 4/3-8 -1/46254-05 -/0085 1/67291-02 /01660 -4/74760-02 54 -1/-7 -9/42642-06 /01871 -5/03015-02 -/0145 2/40976-02 /04631 -1/15612-02 55 1/5-6 6/45897-06 -/0168 5/97172-02 /01897 -4/24556-02 -/0327 3/04757-02 /03607 -6/06204-02 56 1/2-6 4/48565-06 /00209 -2/06269-02 -/0022 3/68953-02 /00366 -6/53239-02 -2/-5 2/74250-02 /00485 9/93931-03 DT@ 60/ 0/0 S Re#tore ori.in"l %"lue#M B!A;B en# #&"lin. =T@ J 1/ DKTA; 0 S ?one in$utin. U #o return to ori.in"l ol ,or'"t# :
6


H04.

7

 Tot"l netork lo## P-lo## b+ #u''in. inje&tion# J 9/326316227367N03  n inje&tionF -12/96755041034 44/410354381177 -6429/033843309 9422/7669408263  n inje&tionF -42/47495983067 -106/9773628 -6888/835943954 -0/6822873 PRTR P<T :
Re'"rk#F 1) TR-T= t"ble '"nu"ll+ #houl be $ut in the $ro$er in$ut ,or'"t e#&ribe in thi# #e&tion (K/;)/ 2) Althou.h the t+$e 515253 "t" "re $re&eee b+ " DT@ &"r "t" "re onl+ %"li ,or the ,reuen&+ ,or hi&h the+ "re &re"te (%"lue RO@ J 60 H* in ?PRT25)/ @o onl+ t+$e 14 - #our&e# "t th"t %er+ ,reuen&+ "re "lloe/ urther'ore onl+ @te"+ #t"te &"l&ul"tion# "t the #"'e ,reuen&+ "re "lloe/


H05$i&

1

6. +RANC: CARD% TO "ODE4 %ING4E-&:A%E NON4INEAR E4E"ENT% RB4

H05A^5A;01

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

NAME1

TACS C!NTR!L

NAME2

A6

A6

NAME3

A6

119

6-A. T#pe-== &seudo-Nonlinear Resistance R(i)

H05A^5A;02

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

99

BUS1

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

(FLASH

A6

A6

A6

A6

E6.0

TDELAY

=UM

E6.0

(SEAL

I6

)

E6.0

E*.

I

120

H05A^5A;03

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C#,,%"* +

(;/*% -

E16.0

E16.0

121

H05A^5A;04

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

9 9 9 9 .

S

I N ' L E

F L A S H

122 6-+. T#pe-= &seudo-Nonlinear Reactor 4(i)


H05$i&

2

H05A^5A;05

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

98

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

A6

BUS4

A6

CURR

FLUX

E6.0

E6.0

)

E*.

I

123

H05A^5A;06

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C#,,%"* +

F/# SI

E16.0

E16.0

124 6-C. T#pe-=3 %taircase Time-6ar#in/ Resistance R(t)

H05A^5A;07 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

97

A6

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

( FL AS H

A6

A6

A6

E6.0

T DE LAY

)

E6.0

E*.

I

125

H05A^5A;08 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

T+% *

E16.0

R%$+$*"% R

E16.0

126 6-D. T#pe-=8 &seudo-Nonlinear :#steretic Inductor 4(i)


H05$i&

3

H05A^5A;09

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

96

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

CURR

FLUX

RESID

A6

A6

A6

E6.0

E6.0

E6.0

A6

)

E*.

I

127 H05A^5A;10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C#,,%"* +

F/# SI

E16.0

E16.0

128

6-E. E2ponential FnO sur/e arrester R(i) (t#pe-=* 7777)

H05A^5A;11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

92

A6

BUS2

BUS3

A6

A6

BUS4

)

A6

5555.

E*.

I

129

H05A^5A;12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

(REF

E25.0

(FLASH

(ZER!

E25.0

E25.0

C!L

E5.0

130


H05$i&

4

H05A^5A;13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C!EF

EX!N

(MIN

E25.0

E25.0

E25.0

131

6-!. T#pe-=' "ultip@ase Time-6ar#in/ Resistance R(t)

H05A^5A;14

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BU S1

91

A6

BUS2

BUS3

BU S4

A6

A6

A6

)

3333.

E*.

I

132 H05A^5A;15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

(>$*,*

E25.0

133

H05A^5A;16

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

R%$+$*"%

E25.0

T+%

E25.0

134


H05$i&

5

6-G. T#pe-=*B "ultip@aseB &iece;ise-4inear Resistance ;it@ !las@over

H05A^5A;17

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

92

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

A6

A6

A6

A6

NFLASH

)

E6.0

4444.

E*.

I

135

H05A^5A;18 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

R>/+"

(>@/$

E25.0

(>%,;

E25.0

E25.0

136

H05A^5A;19

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C#,,%"*

(;/*%

E25.0

E25.0

137 6-:. T#pe-=0 TrueB Nonlinear Inductance 4(i)

H05A^5A;20

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

93

A6

BUS2

BUS3

BUS4

CURR

FLUX

A6

A6

A6

E6.0

E6.0

)

E*.

I

138


H05$i&

6

H05A^5A;21

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C#,,%"* +

F/# SI

E16.0

E25.0

139 6-I. Circuit :re"ker or le&tri& Ar& !oellin. u#in. TA@-&ontrolle R(t)

H05A^5A;22

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BUS1

91

BUS2

A6

A6

BUS4

TACS

)

A6

E*.

I

140 6-M. ser-supplied !ORTRAN $or Nonlinear element modellin/

H05A^5A;23

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

>333777.

-/#% 

>> 1$* ;@ 3 ,&$

-/#% 

-/#% 

>> 2"& ;@ 3 ,&$

" -/#%

" -/#%

>> 3,& ;@ 3 ,&$

E16.0

E25.0

F!RTRAN

141

6-. Corona "odellin/ $or an over@ead transmission line

H05I^5I;01

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

C ! R ! N A

M ! D E L

142


H05$i&

7

H05I^5I;02

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

DIST

E8.0

IHASE

I8

NUMBER

I8

NAME

A6

143


H11$i&

1

,I CARD% !OR O6ERRIDING INITIA4 CONDITION%

H11^11;01

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

@ +" HZ ;" @+,$* N!DE

R%JE0K

IJE0K

,& +" *+$

NAME

$*< ;@ ";&% -;/*% ,&$

2

A6

E15.8

E15.8

E15.8

144 H11^11;02

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1ST

2ND

N!DE

3

N!DE

<



A6

A6

A

B

E15.8

C

E15.8

D

E15.8

E15.8

145 H11^11;03

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1ST

2ND

N!DE

N!DE

+

<

#"+*$ ;@ #,,%"*

4

146

<



A6

A6

E15.8

+"

< #"+*$ ;@ -;/*%.$

E15.8

+"


H25

1


H12

1

,II T@e Output speci$ication cards

The ti'e re#$on#e o, the ele&tri& netork bein. #ol%e i# "%"il"ble ,or the u#er# in#$e&tion %i" one o, the ,olloin. three $ro&eure# F - B<T6-out$utBM t"bul"te e&i'"l nu'ber# on the line $rinter/ - Bb"t&h 'oe $lottin.BM be it $rinter $lot "l&o'$ $lot or #&reen $lot# (hi.hl+ e$enent o, the &o'$uter #+#te' in u#eM re,er to #e&tion - ,or 'ore et"ile in,or'"tion)/ - BP<4-,ileBM &"n be u#e ,or l"ter $ro&e##in. on $rinter $lotter or #&reen %i" inter"&ti%e $lottin. $ro.r"'# TPP<T "n ?P<T (i, #u&h ,e"ture i# $ro%ie ,or the &o'$uter #+#te' in u#eM re,er to #e&tion - ,or 'ore et"ile in,or'"tion)/ The u#er &"n onl+ look "t %"ri"ble# ,or hi&h "n out$ut reue#t h"# been '"e "# $"rt o, the #i'ul"tion run/ The $ro&eure ,or oin. thi# e$en# u$on hether " &on%ention"l #in.le eter'ini#ti& #i'ul"tion i# in%ol%e or on the &ontr"r+ " #t"ti#ti&"l o%er%olt".e #tu+ i# o, &on&ern/ K"lue# ,or %olt".e# &urrent# $oer# "n ener.ie# "re &o'$ute b+ the #i'ul"tion $"rt o, the !TP $ro.r"' "t i#&rete ti'e in#t"nt# Uu"tionF t J 0 ?
A# eC$l"ine in #e&tion - the u#er 'u#t in$ut one or 'ore &"r# #$e&i,+in. "ll the noe n"'e# ,or hi&h he "nt# to h"%e $rinte or $lotte noe %olt".e out$ut/ ?i#tin&tion #houl be '"e beteen to &"#e#F "ll noe# or noe #ele&tionM - , "ll noe %olt".e# "re reue#te the u#er #houl $un&h one #$e&i,i&"tion &"r ith " B1B in &olu'n 2/ ?o not ter'in"te ith " bl"nk &"r/ - , " #ele&ti%e li#t o, the noe %olt".e# i# reuire the u#er #houl li#t the noe n"'e# on one or 'ore &"r# hi&h h"%e the ,ir#t 2 &olu'n# bl"nk/ @ee ,i.ure/ All &"r# 'u#t h"%e &olu'n# 3 to 8 non-bl"nk/ The li#t i# ter'in"te b+ " bl"nk &"r/


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2

3

4

H12

5

6

2

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

N%$ ;@ ";&%$ -+" -;/*% ;#*?#*

BUS1

BUS2

A6

BUS3

A6

BUS4

A6

BUS5

A6

BUS6

A6

BUS7

A6

BUS8

BUS9

BUS10

A6

A6

A6

A6

BUS11

BUS12

BUS13

A6

A6

A6

147 oteF nl+ the ,ir#t o, the 13 $otenti"l ,iel# $er &"r 'u#t be non-bl"nk/ All other ,iel# '"+ be r"no'l+ le,t bl"nk/

- i, no noe %olt".e# "re reuire ju#t #u$$l+ " #in.le bl"nk &"r/ Branch or switch output

olloin. "re $o##ible br"n&h "n #it&h out$ut# F - br"n&h %olt".e (%olt".e i,,eren&e beteen be.in "n en noe) - br"n&h &urrent - br"n&h $oer - br"n&h $oer - br"n&h ener.+ There "re to "+# to reue#t #u&h out$ut/ The ,ir#t 'etho i# to ,l". #u&h out$ut in &olu'n-80 o, the br"n&h &"r# "t in$ut ti'eM hen&e no ,urther #$e&i,i&"tion i# reuire "t thi# $oint (#ee #e&tion K ,or et"il#)/ Another 'etho i# to reue#t br"n&h "n #it&h out$ut# "lon. ith noe%olt".e out$ut#/ The ,or'"t ,or thi# "e "ltern"te br"n&h "n #it&h out$ut i# "# ,ollo#F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

N%$ ;@ B,"%$ "& S:+*%$ E  Y T I

I2

NAM1

A6

NAM2

A6

NAM3

A6

NAM4

A6

NAM5

A6

NAM6

A6

NAM7

A6

NAM8

A6

NAM9

NAM10

NAM11

NAM12

A6

A6

A6

A6

NAM13

148

&ARA"ETER% F

T J Uu"tionF Uu"tionF Uu"tionF Uu"tionF

-1 -2 -3 -4

-X -X -X -X

reue#t reue#t reue#t reue#t

,or ,or ,or ,or

onl+ &urrent out$ut onl+ %olt".e out$ut both %olt".e "n &urrent out$ut $oer "n ener.+ out$ut

A6


H12

3

Uu"tionF -5 -X reue#t to &"l&ul"te %olt".e i,,eren&e# beteen " $"ir o, noe n"'e# irre#$e&ti%e hether or not the#e to noe# "re "&tu"ll+ &onne&te %i" " br"n&h A li#t o, 6-&h"r"&ter n"'e# o, br"n&he# or #it&he# on one or 'ore &"r# be.innnin. "t &olu'n 3/ The u#er &"n 'iC "n+ br"n&h or #it&h &"r ith "n+ noe %olt".e out$ut reue#t &"r/ ne bl"nk &"r i# neee to ter'in"te the #$e&i,i&"tion o, the !TP out$ut reue#t#/ oteF , the u#er h"# #$e&i,ie the B"ll noe %olt".eB &"r thi# &"r (ith " B1B in &olu'n 2) 'u#t be the ter'in"tin. &"r "n no bl"nk enin. &"r i# "lloe/ olloin. "re 2 eC"'$le# o, the out$ut reue#t &"r#

1234567890123456789012345678901234567890//// ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -2:RH1 :RH2 :@1 :@4 :9 -3:RH5 :
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890//// ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -1;1 3 1

The $rinte he"in. ,or br"n&h-%"ri"ble out$ut &on#i#t o, " $"ir o, noe n"'e# one "bo%e the otherM Thi# orerin. (u$$er to loer) ini&"te# the $ol"rit+ o, the out$ut/ @u$$o#e th"t noe BuB re$re#ent the u$$er noe "n BlB the loer noe o, the $"ir thenF ") The br"n&h %olt".e out$ut i# % ul (t) J % u(t) - % l(t) b) The br"n&h &urrent out$ut i# i ul(t) or non-#it&h ele'ent# $oer "n ener.+ out$ut re$re#ent the &on#u'$tion (lo## or #tor".e) o, the br"n&h "n the net ,lo into the br"n&h ,ro' the ti'e tJ0 u$ to the ti'e in ue#tion/ or #it&he# the $oer "n ener.+ ,lo throu.h the #it&hF &) The #it&h $oer out$ut i# P ul(t) J P u(t) - P l(t) ) The #it&h ener.+ out$ut i# t

 0  (t   d   13 Plottin. &re"te# no #$e&i"l $roble' unle## out$ut ,or $"r"llel br"n&he# #houl be reue#te/ e%erthele## onl+ the ,ir#t &urrent (ener.+) out$ut o, the 2 $"r"llel br"n&he##it&he# i# "&&e##ible to the u#er/ A# " $r"&ti&"l re#tri&tion thi# li'it"tion i# not #eriou#/ ne &"n "l"+# in#ert " ne"r-*ero re#i#t"n&e br"n&h thereb+ eli'in"tin. "n+ $"r"llel &onne&tion/ Another 'etho i# to "lter the noe n"'e #euen&e hen #$e&i,+in. the br"n&h#it&h/


H12

4

or eC"'$le #houl the $oer P(t) "n ener.+ (t) in "ition to the br"n&h &urrent "n %olt".e be e#ire the &on,i.ur"tion #hon belo &oul be u#e/ Re#i#t"n&e R 2 i# &ho#en to be B#'"llB "&&orin. ith the rule &on&ernin. #+#te'-e$enent 'ini'u' %"lue# (#ee @e&tion K-A)/ urrent out$ut (" 1-$un&h in &olu'n 80) i# reue#te on the br"n&h &"r ,or re#i#t"n&e R 2/ Re#i#t"n&e R 1 &"n be &ho#en %er+ l"r.e "n br"n&h %olt".e out$ut i# to be reue#te ,or it (" 2$un&h in &olu'n 80)/ The nonline"r ele'ent h"# " 4-$un&h in &olu'n 80 to .i%e it# $oer "n ener.+ &on#u'$tion/

-

R2

+

R1

149 The general appearence of the tabulated time-step loop.

n .ener"l there "re ,i%e $o##ible .rou$in.# o, %"ri"ble# ,or !TP $rinte out$ut o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ n orer o, "$$e"r"n&e the#e "reF 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

%olt".e# (both noe "n br"n&h) br"n&h#it&h &urrent#/ @/!/ %"ri"ble#/ TA@ %"ri"ble#/ /!/ %"ri"ble#

A $"ir o, 6-&h"r"&ter n"'e# i# u#e to ienti,+ e"&h out$ut %"ri"ble "lthou.h ,or noe %olt".e# the #e&on n"'e i# bl"nk/ or br"n&h %olt".e# "n &urrent# the t"bul"te %"lue i# t"ken ,ro' the u$$er %"lue on to the loer %"lue/ or TA@ %"ri"ble# the ,ir#t n"'e i# "l"+# BTA@B/ or the /!/ "n @/!/ the ,ir#t n"'e i# intern"ll+ .ener"te "n &ont"in# the nu'ber o, the rot"tin. '"&hine/ C"'$le B!-12B ill be the ,ir#t n"'e ,or the 12-th /!/ B!AH-3B oul be the ,ir#t n"'e o, " %"ri"ble belon.in. to the thir t+$e-59 @/!/ The nu'ber o, %"ri"ble# in e"&h o, the#e 5 &l"##e# o, %"ri"ble# ill be $rinte b+ the !TP $ro%ie the nu'ber i# $o#iti%e/ The "b#en&e o, " &l"## tot"l 'e"n# no #u&h ou$ut eCi#t#/ A# "n eC"'$le the out$ut o, ben&h'"rk ?34 i# in&lue/ olu'n he"in.# ,or the 20 !TP out$ut %"ri"ble# ,ollo/ The#e "re i%ie "'on. the 5 $o##ible &l"##e# "# ,ollo# //// ir#t 5 out$ut %"ri"ble# "re ele&tri&-netork %olt".e i,,eren&e# (u$$er %olt".e 'inu# loer %olt".e)M eCt 6 out$ut %"ri"ble# "re br"n&h &urrent# (,loin. ,ro' the u$$er noe to the loer noe)M in"l 9 out$ut %"ri"ble# $ert"in to T+$e-19 /!/ &o'$onent# (n"'e# "re .ener"te intern"ll+)M @te$ Ti'e :@-A1 :@-:1 :@-1 :@-!1 :@-!0 :@-A1 :@-:1 :@ -1 :@-!1 :@-!0 :@-A0 :@-:0 :@-0 TRRA TRRA :@-!0 :@-!1

!-1 TO;

!-1 !;!

 !-1 THTA!

!-1 PA

!-1 P:

!-1 P

!-1 1

!-1 2

 !-1 3


0/0

1

/001

2

/002

3

/003

4

/004

5

/005

1/56413 1/01 1/25370608 1/00999974 /763603075 1/00999829 /167906931 1/00999414 -/45063432 1/00998567 -1/0090049 1/00997143

-/30745 1/00124132 /317284401 /997905631 /891559332 /994660197 1/34760378 /991231498 1/60600319 /988209557 1/64759793 /986026593

-1/25677 1/0 -1/5709433 1/0 -1/6551247 1/0 -1/5156333 1/0 -1/1551614 1/0 -/6388854 1/0

1/0 /93787 1/00000302 /93787 1/00000988 /93787 1/00001841 /93787 1/00002854 /93787 1/00003997 /93787

1/0 1/386 1/0000025 1/40049668 1/0000075 1/22097729 1/0000125 /870655506 1/00001751 /399835869 1/00002252 -/12650205

1/38494 -/95877 1/40049668 -/50888659 1/22097729 /010653511 /870655506 /528248848 /399835869 /970563338 -/12650205 1/27567094

H12 -/95793 -/42721 -/50888659 -/89163009 /010653511 -1/2316108 /528248848 -1/3989244 /970563338 -1/3703792 1/27567094 -1/1491889

-/42701 -2/826 -/89163009 -2/8259503 -1/2316108 -2/8258183 -1/3989244 -2/8248425 -1/3703792 -2/8235957 -1/1491889 -2/8218048

0/0 0/0 /012094107 /85956-4 /015338089 /309395-3 /018762645 /001999525 /021776117 /004025981 /023944838 /006841813

5

0/0 0/0 /010000262 -/00481942 /010001714 -/0092568 /010005857 -/01265851 /010014326 -/01505822 /010028569 -/01548173

n thi# eC"'$le %olt".e# br"n&h#it&h &urrent "n !-out$ut "re $re#ent but @! "n TA@ out$ut "re l"&kin./


H13$i&

1

,III. T&E-' %ORCE DE!INITION% EAC: TI"E %TE&B ' 6A4E &ER %ORCE

H13^13;01

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1$*

2"&

3, &

4*

5*

6*

7*

8*

9*

10*

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

E8.0

150


H16

1

,6I.INTERACTI6E E,ECTIONB O+%ER6ATIONB AND CONTRO4 (%&)

nter"&ti%e !TP eCe&ution 'e"n# th"t the $ro.r"' ill eCe&ute hile the u#er "it#/ Thi# i# to be &ontr"#te ith b"t&h-'oe eCe&ution herein eCe&ution ill be $er,or'e "t #o'e l"ter (u#u"ll+ ineter'in"te) ti'e/ nter"&ti%e !TP ob#er%"tion 'e"n# th"t the u#er &"n #ee h"t i# h"$$enin. urin. hi# inter"&ti%e eCe&ution/ The u#er &ert"inl+ #houl be "ble to ob#er%e <T6 line $rinter out$ut "# it i# .ener"te #in&e thi# i# #i'$le/ or #i'ul"tion# (the 'o#t i'$ort"nt &"#e o, $ro.r"' u#".e) the u#er "l#o #houl be "ble to $rou&e .r"$h# o, out$ut %"ri"ble# "# the #i'ul"tion $ro.re##e#/ @u&h $lot# #houl be &"$"ble o, "uto'"ti& "%"n&e'ent "# the #i'ul"tion $ro.re##e# like " #tri$-&h"rt re&orer ,or "n"lo. &o'$uter#/ in"ll+ the u#er #houl be "ble to eC"'ine intern"l %"ri"ble# o, the $ro.r"' --- %"ri"ble# th"t otheri#e oul be in"&&e##ible/ All o, the#e &"$"bilitie# &on#titute inter"&ti%e ob#er%"tion hi&h i# to be &ontr"#te ith " &o'$lete l"&k o, "ll knole.e urin. b"t&h-'oe eCe&ution/ ote th"t inter"&ti%e $ro.r"' eCe&ution oe# not i'$l+ inter"&ti%e ob#er%"tion/ t i# not un&o''on ,or " 'ini&o'$uter ter'in"l to be tie u$ ith inter"&ti%e !TP eCe&ution hile the u#er "it# but #ee# nothin. #in&e the <T6 out$ut i# ,reuentl+ #ent to i#k r"ther th"n to the #&reen/ nter"&ti%e !TP &ontrol 'e"n# th"t $ro.r"' eCe&ution &"n be 'oi,ie Bon the ,l+B hile the !TP i# eCe&utin./ Thi# i# to be &ontr"#te ith b"t&h-'oe eCe&ution here &h"n.e# &"n onl+ be '"e be,ore the job #ub'itt"l or ",ter the #olution h"# been returne/ t #houl be note th"t inter"&ti%e !TP eCe&ution "n ob#er%"tion o not i'$l+ inter"&ti%e &ontrol/ n the other h"n one &"n not &on&ei%e o, inter"&ti%e &ontrol ithout inter"&ti%e eCe&ution "n ob#er%"tion/ The#e three &on&e$t# o, inter"&ti%e !TP u#e - eCe&ution ob#er%"tion "n &ontrol - "re &o'bine b+ the !TP ,e"ture n"'e B@PB ,or #hort/ @P "llo# ne"rl+ &o'$lete ob#er%"tion "n "l#o #ub#t"nti"l &ontrol urin. inter"&ti%e !TP eCe&ution/ @u&h u#".e i# reue#te "t the ti'e $ro.r"' eCe&ution be.in# (#ee @e&tion - or =K-A belo)/ hen #o'e #u''"r+ $hr"#e #u&h "# Binter"&ti%e u#".eB o, the $ro.r"' i# 'entione h"t oe# it 'e"nE o th"t ob#er%"tion "n &ontrol "re "%"il"ble %i" @P inter"&ti%e eCe&ution no lon.er u"li,ie# "# Binter"&ti%e u#".eB o, the !TP/ A# u#e to"+ Binter"&ti%it+B "n B@PB "re !TP #+non+'#/ Althou.h in theor+ 'o#t 'oern &o'$uter# &"n #u$$ort 'o#t @P ,un&tion# it i# the #&ienti,i& ork#t"tion# ith %"ri"ble &h"r"&ter ,ont# #&roll"ble ino# "n .r"$hi&# th"t "re ie"ll+ #uite ,or @P u#".e/ !o#t '"in,r"'e &o'$uter# either ill not "llo #u&h o$er"tion or "re &ontrolle b+ or."ni*"tion# th"t '"ke #u&h o$er"tion #o eC$en#i%e or #o in&on%enient th"t it i# the u#er ho ill not "nt to &on#ier it/ n beteen the#e to eCtre'e# there "re 'ini&o'$uter# th"t '"+ or '"+ not be #uit"ble e$enin. u$on the $oliti&# o, tho#e ho o$er"te the'/ An+ re"er ho i# un#ure "bout hi# on &o'$uter #+#te' i# "%i#e to &on#ult the in#t"ll"tion-e$enent in,or'"tion o, @e&tion -/ ?et"il# o, @P u#".e ,ollo in the re'"iner o, thi# #e&tion/ here "n illu#tr"tion i# reuire A$ollo ill "l"+# be u#e #in&e @P h"# been the 'o#t ,ull+ e%elo$e ,or #u&h #&ienti,i& ork#t"tion# o, @e&tion --1/ . Initiating EMTP Execution that Includes SPY

:e,ore !TP eCe&ution be.in# the $otenti"l u#er o, @P #houl &on#ier hi# @TARTP ,ile/ @e&tion --2 e#&ribe# #u&h %"ri"ble initi"li*"tion/ , the 'ore th"n 100 $"r"'eter# th"t "re u#er-e,in"ble %i" thi# ,ile $erh"$# " thir or 'ore "$$l+ to @P "n '"n+ 'u#t be #et "# eCe&ution be.in#/ The be#t eC"'$le o, thi# i# the &on,i.ur"tion o, the %e&tor-.r"$hi& $lottin. ino/ or 'o#t


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2

&o'$uter# in#t"ll"tion-e$enent lo.i& to &on,i.ure the $lot ino &"n onl+ be $er,or'e on&e "t the #t"rt o, eCe&ution/ @o '"ke #ure @TARTP %"lue# "re re"#on"ble be,ore eCe&ution be.in#/ A# eC$l"ine in @e&tion - @P u#".e 'u#t be #ele&te be.innin. o, !TP eCe&ution/ An illu#tr"tion u#in. A$ollo ,ollo#F De't$ !TP be.in#/ @P

"t

the

%er+

@en (@P ,ileZn"'e ?@I H
The ,ir#t line i# 'erel+ the o$er"tin. #+#te' &o''"n to eCe&ute the A$ollo !TP (" i#k ,ile n"'e Be't$B)/ The #e&on line i# the $ro.r"'# initi"l out$ut hi&h reue#t# the u#er to &hoo#e "'on. #e%er"l o$tion#/ , B@PB i# ke+e "t thi# $oint (#ee the thir line) $ro.r"' eCe&ution th"t "llo# inter"&ti%e ob#er%"tion "n &ontrol ill be.in/ or thi# "n "ll other !TP i"lo.ue in%ol%in. ke+ or# o, one t+$e or "nother u$$er-&"#e letter# (r"ther th"n loer-&"#e) "re reuire/ :ut the !TP &"n be reue#te to &on%ert "n+ loer-&"#e letter# to u$$er-&"#e letter# (#ee @TARTP %"ri"ble I@) "n u#e o, thi# i# .ener"ll+ re&o''ene/ Then the u#er nee not be &on&erne "bout &"#e .ener"ll+ #$e"kin./ or the eC&e$tion"l &ir&u'#t"n&e# here he re"ll+ oe# "nt loer &"#e (e/./ ,or the l"belin. o, $lot#) he nee 'erel+ "$$en "n eC&l"'"tion $oint BYB "t the en o, hi# line/ Thi# ill be er"#e b+ the $ro.r"' ",ter bein. re&o.ni*e "# " reue#t to b+$"## $o##ible &"#e &on%er#ion/ n&e @P eCe&ution h"# be.un in$ut ill nor'"ll+ #hi,t ,ro' the !TP out$ut ino to the @P ino/ A$ollo $ro%ie# " .oo illu#tr"tion "# #hon on the neCt $".e/ Ce&ution be."n in the botto' ino ith the #'"ll &h"r"&ter ,ont/ The initi"l &hoi&e B@PB "# "l#o #ent in thi# ino ",ter hi&h the to$ to ino# ere o$ene "uto'"ti&"ll+ b+ the $ro.r"'/ All #ub#euent ke+bo"r in$ut i# %i" the @P ino ("bo%e "n to the le,t)/ The ino to the ri.ht o, thi# h"# no in$ut $"ne "n i# u#e #olel+ ,or %e&tor-.r"$hi& out$ut o, the BP<TB &o''"n o, @P/ @P i"lo.ue i# initi"te i,,erent #u&h &o''"n# eCi#t &"n be #een in the @P ino #$e&i"l @P l"n.u".e th"t ill the Rule :ook/

EEEEE ull-$".e A$ollo #&reen i#$l"+ on thi# $".e

b+ #hort ke+ or# &"lle @P &o''"n#/ @o'e 68 "n #e%er"l o, the#e (?ATA ; :RAI "n P<T) on the ,olloin. $".e/ t i# the u#".e o, thi# o'in"te the re'"iner o, thi# $re#ent &h"$ter o,

@!@!

EEEEE

n "ition to #u&h ori.in"l nor'"l "&ti%e u#e# o, @P there "re neer in"&ti%e (b"t&h 'oe) or #$e&i"li*e u#e#/ or eC"'$le " o'in"nt #$e&i"l e.ener"te "$$li&"tion o, B@PB i# ,or the inter"&ti%e $lottin. o, " $re%iou# #i'ul"tion (#ee @e&tion =K-)/ Another #$e&i"l ("n u#u"ll+ in"&ti%e) u#e i# ,or %e&tor-.r"$hi& $lottin. o, the r"tion"l ,un&tion ,ittin. o, either B!ART @TPB (#ee @e&tion =K) or B@!< @TPB (#ee @e&tion ==)/ et "nother i# the 'onitorin. o, &on%er.en&e o, the !TP lo" ,lo/ The in"&ti%e or b"t&h 'oe o, @P u#".e i# i#tin.ui#he b+ "n "b#en&e o, ke+bo"r in$ut to the @P ino/ Thi# 'i.ht be ne&e##"r+ #in&e the @P ino o, " ork#t"tion #u&h "# A$ollo 'i.ht not e%en eCi#t $rior to eCe&ution/ n"&ti%e u#".e i# &h"r"&teri*e b+ the #$e&i,i&"tion o, " i#k ,ile n"'e "t the #"'e ti'e B@PB i# ke+e/ An eC"'$le ,ro' A$ollo ,ollo#F


H16

3

De't$ !TP be.in#/ @en (@P ,ileZn"'e ?@I H
hen the inter"&ti%e !TP u#er e#ire# #o'e ne ob#er%"tion or &ontrol o, the $ro.r"' he ill ke+ one o, the#e &o''"n#/ At #o'e $oint thi# ke+in. ill be &o'$lete "n the u#er ill "nt @P to i''ei"tel+ #er%i&e hi# reue#t/ @o'e #$e&i"l #i.n"l &"lle " ke+bo"r interru$t o, @P or #i'$l+ " u#er-ke+e interru$t ill eCi#t ,or thi# $ur$o#e "n ill be "&ti%"te/ or ,leCible &o'$uter# (e/./ A$ollo) the @P u#er ill not e%en be ""re th"t " #$e&i"l ke+bo"r interru$t #i.n"l h"# been #ent #in&e the nor'"l &"rri".e return ke+ ("bbre%i"te here",ter "# WRX) #er%e# thi# ,un&tion/ :ut h"te%er the #i.n"l on&e the ke+bo"r interru$t h"# been #ent ho ui&kl+ &"n or ill the !TP re#$on to the u#er# reue#tE The "n#er '"+ e$en both u$on here $ro.r"' eCe&ution i# lo&"te "t the ti'e o, the reue#t "n "l#o u$on the #i*e o, the "t" &"#e bein. #ol%e/ :"rrin. in#t"ll"tion- e$enent i'$ro%e'ent# the !TP onl+ &he&k# ,or @P in$ut "t &ert"in $re"rr"n.e $l"&e# o, hi&h the ,olloin. "re the 'o#t i'$ort"ntF 1/ "&h ti'e " ne "t" &"r i# re" b+ @:RT\!A;/ @in&e "t" &"r# .ener"ll+ ill be re" "t " r"te o, #e%er"l $er #e&on it ill #ee' to the u#er th"t @P in$ut i# "&&e$te in#t"nt"neou#l+ urin. "t" in$ut/ 2/ "&h ti'e " ne TP o%erl"+ i# entere/ ?e$enin. u$on the o%erl"+ thi# '"+ or '"+ not $ro%ie ui&k re#$on#e to " u#er reue#t/ @o'e o%erl"+# "re $"##e throu.h ui&kl+ here"# other# '"+ in%ol%e #ub#t"nti"l &o'$ut"tion"l e,,ort/ :eteen the en o, #our&e &"r# (TP o%erl"+\5) "n the be.innin. o, out$ut %"ri"ble reue#t# (TP o%erl"+\15) there '"+ be noti&e"ble el"+ in re#$onin. to @P in$ut then/ 3/ "&h ro o, '"jor t"bul"r out$ut# o, the $ro.r"'/ '$ort"nt eC"'$le# "re the &onne&ti%it+ i#$l"+ (&ontrolle b+ 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter ?:< o, @e&tion -:) "n the $h"#or br"n&h ,lo# "n inje&tion# th"t ,ollo the #te"+-#t"te netork #olution (&ontrolle b+ 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter I@@T o, @e&tion -:)/ ?urin. #u&h out$ut# the re#$on#e to @P in$ut ill "$$e"r "l'o#t in#t"nt"neou#/ To "bort #u&h t"bul"r i#$l"+# " #$e&i"l interru$t i# reuire/ or niC #o'e #t"n"r ke+ or &o'bin"tion o, ke+# (e// ,or @un !i&ro#+#te'# TR<-^) i# u#e/ or other #+#te'# (e/./ A$ollo Ae.i#) the u#er '"+ be reuire to #et %"ri"ble IT2? eu"l to unit+ ith " ?P@T &o''"n ",ter ,ir#t #enin. <I/ 4/ At the be.innin. o, e"&h o, three #e.'ent# '"kin. u$ the ti'e-#te$ loo$ o, TP o%erl"+ 16/ or " #'"ll &"#e th"t #i'ul"te# "t " r"te o, one or 'ore ti'e #te$# $er #e&on the re#$on#e to @P &o''"n# #houl "$$e"r


in#t"nt"neou#/ :ut ,or .i"nt &"#e# on " noti&e"ble el"+#/

H16

e"k &o'$uter there &oul be

The#e o$$ortunitie# ,or @P in$ut "##u'e th"t @P i# not intention"ll+ #ki$$in. #o'e o$$ortunitie# ,or u#er in$ut/ The @TARTP ,ile oe# &ontrol #u&h "ttenti%ene## b+ @P in the ,or' o, %"ri"ble !A=<; hi&h nor'"ll+ #houl be unit+/ nl+ the eC$erien&e u#er i# "%i#e to t"'$er ith thi# "n "n+ &h"n.e# #houl onl+ be ,or %er+ .oo re"#on/ ne #u&h re"#on 'i.ht be th"t the &o'$uter bein. u#e &oul in%ol%e unu#u"ll+ l"r.e o%erhe" &he&kin. ,or ke+bo"r interru$t# "n the u#er 'i.ht not "nt to #lo the #i'ul"tion neele##l+/ hen u#in. " #$ee+ &o'$uter ith "eu"te re"l 'e'or+ (to 'ini'i*e $".in.) "n hen the $ro.r"' ill be &he&kin. ,or u#er-ke+e interru$t# #e%er"l ti'e# " #e&on the re#$on#e to @P &o''"n# "n "##o&i"te "t" ill "$$e"r to be ne"rl+ in#t"nt"neou#/ The u#er h"# the i'$re##ion th"t there i# ti'e-#h"rin. o, the &o'$uter beteen the !TP #i'ul"tion "n @P/ Thi# i# the "+ it #houl beF "n illu#ion/ n ,"&t there i# no ti'e-#h"rin. "t "ll/

4


H16

5

. SPY Commands Explained According to General Function

ith 'ore th"n 60 i#tin&t @P &o''"n# the &o'$lete eC$l"n"tion or e,inition o, "ll o, the#e i# " bi. job/ R"ther th"n e,ine e"&h @P &o''"n ini%iu"ll+ "# " i&tion"r+ 'i.ht the $re#ent"tion o, thi# #e&tion ill be or."ni*e "&&orin. to bro"er &"te.orie# o, #u''"r+ $ur$o#e/ The u#er ho "nt# #$e&i,i& in,or'"tion "bout " #in.le #$e&i,i& @P &o''"n i# re,erre to the $ro.r"' it#el, #in&e thi# $ro%ie# #u&h in,or'"tion inter"&ti%el+/ A# "n illu#tr"tion &on#ier h"t h"$$en# hen the u#er ,ir#t #en# the @P &o''"n BH
"n 32 #ub&o''"n# hi&h ,olloF @? @T <! R@T T!@PA R<
The #eriou# #tuent o, @P re"ll+ #houl h"%e "ll #u&h eC$l"n"tion "%"il"ble both "# " i#k ,ile "n in $rinte ,or'/ The i#k ,ile i# u#e,ul ,or inter"&ti%e #e"r&hin. ith " &o'$uter eitor $ro.r"' note/ Prou&in. "ll #u&h BH

H16

<T6 out$ut thi# 'erel+ reuire# #enin. "ll <T6 out$ut to i#k/ or #o'e #+#te'# (e/./ ?\KA=) one &"n #i'$l+ "##i.n " ,ile eCtern"ll+/ or other# one &"n u#e the B?@IB o$tion "t the be.innin. o, $ro.r"' eCe&ution/ , the u#er i# un#ure "bout h"t to o ,or hi# on &o'$uter #+#te' he i# "%i#e to &on#ult ith Pro.r"' !"inten"n&e/ Re"in. "bout hi# &o'$uter in @e&tion - '"+ "l#o be hel$,ul/ ner the "##u'$tion th"t the u#er h"# "ll BH

B?ATAB ill be the ,ir#t @P &o''"n ,or #i'$le-'ine u#".e/ t tell# the !TP th"t the u#er i# re"+ to #$e&i,+ "n !TP "t" &"#e th"t neCt i# to be #ol%e/ The ,olloin. illu#tr"te# u#".e ,or the inter"&ti%e #olution o, :H!ARI ?-4F

@PF ?ATA @? !TP ?ATA < A! (TR<) F ?4/ 46 J &"r# re"/ <T10 li'it# IAR?1 IAR?2 J 5489 @PF

5534

The u#er #ent B?4/B (#ee the ri.ht #ie o, the 2n line) to hi&h @P "$$ene the 'i##in. i'$lie ,ile t+$e B?ATB/ @P then &onne&te the i#k ,ile ?4/?AT re" the &ontent# "n #tore the#e 46 &"r i'".e# in $o#ition# 5489 throu.h 5534 o, the $ro.r"' "t" &"r &"&he (hi&h u#e# <T10)/ , #o'e i,,erent ire&tor+ i#k or e%en &o'$uter (o, " netork) ere reuire ,or the ,ile o, intere#t thi# oul be reuire o, &our#e/ The 'ention o, B#i'$le'ineB i# be&"u#e D-&"r# D?@A:< "n D<? "re not "lloe/ @ee the neCt $"r".r"$h ,or 'ore in,or'"tion "bout the'/ , B?ATAB i# to be the ,ir#t @P &o''"n ,olloe b+ B;B to be.in the !TP #i'ul"tion there i# " 'ore &o'$"&t "n $oer,ul "+ o, #$e&i,+in. the in$ut "t" ,ile/ A# brie,l+ 'entione in @e&tion - "n illu#tr"te in @e&tion =KA the u#er &oul re#$on to the ori.in"l $ro.r"' in$ut $ro'$t ith " &h"r"&ter #trin. ,olloin. hi# B@PB reue#t #e$"r"te b+ one #$"&e/ , thi# oe# not be.in ith BQB it ill be t"ken "# " i#k ,ile n"'e ,or "n i'$lie B?ATAB &o''"n/ or eC"'$le !TP be.in#/

@en (@P ,ileZn"'e ?@I H
@P ?4/ ill re#ult in the lo"in. o, "t" ,ile ?4/?AT "# illu#tr"te in the $re&ein. $"r".r"$h ,olloe b+ "n i'$lie B;B to be.in the #olution/ ote th"t both @P &o''"n# B?ATAB "n B;B "re i'$lie (the u#er nee not ke+ the' here)/ @houl BQB be u#e #ee @e&tion =K--5/ The re,eren&e to B'ore $oer,ulB i# re&o.nition o, the ,"&t th"t the B?ATAB &o''"n h"# no lo.i& ,or "t" 'oul"ri*"tion (@e&tion -I) or #ortin. b+ &l"## (@e&tion -)/ @u&h lo.i& i# li'ite to the o$enin. $ro'$t (B!TP be.in#/ ///B) #o i, it i# e#ire or reuire the u#er 'u#t lo" hi# "t" &"r# "# ju#t illu#tr"te (ith the ,ile n"'e ,olloin. B@P\B)/

6


=K--2/

H16

7

@P o''"n# to H"lt or Re#u'e Pro.r"' Ce&ution

B;B\\i# the @P &o''"n th"t ill orer " re#u'$tion o, "n !TP #i'ul"tion ",ter it h"# been #u#$ene/ @in&e @P be.in# ith the #i'ul"tion #u#$ene B;B ill be #ent e"rl+ in the t+$i&"l @P i"lo.ue/ B<IB\\i# the @P &o''"n th"t ill #u#$en "n !TP #i'ul"tion/ re""ken #u&h " hibern"tin. !TP #i'ul"tion the u#er #i'$l+ #en# B;B/

To

B:RAIB\\"llo# the u#er to reue#t " #u#$en#ion o, the #i'ul"tion either "t #o'e ,uture #i'ul"tion ti'e or "t #o'e $l"&e (#o'e TP o%erl"+) th"t l"ter ill be $"##e/ hen the bre"k o&&ur# there ill be " 'e##".e in the @P ino ,olloe b+ the ,"'ili"r @P $ro'$t o, hi&h the ,olloin. i# illu#tr"ti%eF

@PF @PF

 @er%i&e B:RAIB/

T J 0/20000N00

16 J HA

At thi# $oint the #i'ul"tion ill hibern"te until " #ub#euent B;B "llo# it to "%"n&e on&e "."in/ n beteen &"n be "rbit"r+ @P i"lo.ue o, &our#e/ B@TPB\\ill to..le the bin"r+ ,l". th"t &ontrol# hether or not the #i'ul"tion ill be #u#$ene "t e%er+ $o##ible o$$ortunit+/ The '"in u#e ,or thi# i# i".no#ti& "lthou.h it i# &riti&"l to &ert"in other "$$li&"tion# "# ell (e/./ the $lottin. o, @e&tion =K-)/ B@TPB\\ill ter'in"te !TP eCe&ution i''ei"tel+ %i" " &"ll to the in#t"ll"tion-e$enent TR @TPTP o, @:RT ?/ @in&e B@TPTPB '"+ &lo#e ,ile# or ino# in " &i%ili*e ,"#hion th"t the o$er"tin. #+#te' $re,er# the @P &o''"n B@TPB i# the $re,erre "+ to ter'in"te $ro.r"' eCe&ution o, #in.le eter'ini#ti& #i'ul"tion# (the 'o#t &o''on &"#e o, intere#t)/ =K--3/

@P o''"n# to b#er%e !TP T"ble#F :@ :RAH et&/

nter"&ti%e ob#er%"tion u#in. @P $o#e# the &h"llen.e o, &on%enien&e/ Althou.h "n+ %"ri"ble o, "n+ !! blo&k &"n be ob#er%e u#in. the B=A!B &o''"n o, @e&tion =K--6 thi# i# u#u"ll+ &u'ber#o'e "n #lo - 'u&h like #+'boli& ebu..er# o, ,"&tor+-#u$$lie #o,t"re/ @in&e 'o#t !TP "t" i# or."ni*e u#in. "bout " o*en '"jor t"ble# hi.h-le%el @P &o''"n# h"%e been i'$le'ente e#$e&i"ll+ to "llo the ob#er%"tion o, #u&h '"jor t"ble &ontent#F :@ ? :RAH R< @TH @R < K- U

U

@!

to ob#er%e the

H16

There i# &on#ier"ble #i'il"rit+ in the u#".e o, "ll #u&h &o''"n# ,or the ob#er%"tion o, !TP t"ble#/ n "ll &"#e# the u#er enter# "n inter"&ti%e loo$ in hi&h he reue#t# one or 'ore "ition"l ro# or entrie# o, the t"ble bein. &on#iere/ hen the u#er h"# #een enou.h he #en# B@PB "n the loo$ ill be eCite (there ill be " return to the B@PFB $ro'$t)/ @i'$le t"ble out$ut i# reue#te b+ #enin. " be.innin. "n "n enin. ro nu'ber u#in. ,ree-,or'"t (u#in. " bl"nk or &o''" #e$"r"tor)/ Ie+ or# "re re&o.ni*e "ltern"ti%e# hoe%er/ BA<
n"'e <001 R-'". <003 <004 <005

n"'e-I ; TRA TRA <A?; ;==

n"'e-! I:@ !:@ <;TH TRA 4 -3 1 TRRA 3 1 1 <A?; 3 -2 1 TRRA 2 1 1 TRRA 5 1 1

R I?:R I?@! <TP !?< ?H@T -1 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0 0 0 0 -5 0 0 0 0 0

ot #hon i# the B:RAHB &o''"n ,olloe b+ BA<
BP<TB

,or Ke&tor or h"r"&ter Plot# ?urin. Ce&ution

The @P &o''"n BP<TB re$re#ent# " ."te"+ to #o$hi#ti&"te on-line inter"&ti%e $lottin. o, the on.oin. #i'ul"tion/ :oth &h"r"&ter "n %e&tor $lottin. o$tion# "re "%"il"ble/ @P $lottin. in%ol%e# it# on #e$"r"te $ro'$t "n &o''"n-oriente %o&"bul"r+ "# the ,olloin. i"lo.ue urin. entr+ illu#tr"te#F

@PF P<T Ti'e li'it# "re U P<TF ! ?:; T! @HAT !? A!
0/0

/15 

ATR @T < R<
@L R@T R<< @!TH A<< T!

H T!@PA RT @H ?RA

! T!  =- @T RR

ote th"t the be.innin. "n enin. ti'e# o, "%"il"ble $lot "t" (here *ero throu.h 150 '#e&) "re #hon "# $lottin. i# entere/ The B!B #ub&o''"n i#$l"+# the 30 $o##ible #ub&o''"n# th"t "re honore ithin $lottin./ or e"#e o, $rintin. thi# t"bul"tion h"# been n"rroe to onl+ #iC &olu'n# %er#u# ei.ht on the #&reen/ ote th"t BH
8


H16

9

!"n+ $"r"'eter# "n &on%ention# o, @P $lottin. "re eter'ine b+ the @TARTP ,ile (#ee @e&tion --2)/ @in&e thi# &"n be either &o'$uter- or in#t"ll"tion- or u#er-e$enent little &"n be #"i here th"t oul be "$$li&"ble to e%er+one/ To t+$e# o, $lot# "re $o##ibleF &h"r"&ter $lot# "n %e&tor-.r"$hi& $lot#/ t i# the B!?B #ub&o''"n th"t to..le# the bin"r+ #ele&tion beteen the#e to/ , %e&tor $lottin. i# "%"il"ble ,or the &o'$uter #+#te' o, intere#t it ill nor'"ll+ be the be.innin. &hoi&e #in&e it #houl u#u"ll+ be $re,erre (ue to the hi.her re#olution)/ , in oubt "bout the e,"ult e&i#ion &on#ult %"ri"ble
To..le to

BB

(eCtre'" i#$l"+)

<"ter hen #u&h out$ut o, '"Ci'" "n 'ini'" i# turne o,, b+ 'e"n# o, " #e&on #u&h reue#t the $ro.r"' ill "&knole.e the &h"n.e "# ,ollo#F --Althou.h " $r"&ti&e/

little

To..le to

"bbre%i"te

BB thi#

(eCtre'" i#$l"+)

#houl

be

&le"r

enou.h

",ter

"

little

All u#er# ill #$e&i,+ %"ri"ble# to be $lotte "n it i# the BA!B #ub&o''"n th"t be.in# #u&h in$ut/ n&e thi# in$ut be.in# it o$er"te# in #i'il"r ,"#hion to the #e$"r"te $lottin. $ro.r"' BTPP<TB ith three loo$#/ oe %olt".e# 'u#t be #$e&i,ie ,ir#t then br"n&h %olt".e# "n ,in"ll+ br"n&h &urrent# &orre#$onin. to the three '"jor &l"##e# o, b"t&h-'oe !TP $lottin./


H16

ne &l"## i# ter'in"te b+ B?B "t hi&h $oint in$ut &h"n.e# to the ,olloin. &l"## o, in$ut i, "n+ re'"in#/ An illu#tr"tion o, the three i,,erent $ro'$t# ,or the three i,,erent &l"##e# o, %"ri"ble# ,ollo#F P<TF A! @? ? A! (?
 F  F

ithin #u"re br"&ket# "re #hon eCi#tin. %"ri"ble# th"t &"n be reu#e i, e#ire (" WRX r"ther th"n " nonbl"nk re#$on#e ill o thi#)/ A,ter the l"#t %"ri"ble h"# been #$e&i,ie %i" #u&h in$ut B
F

the n"tur"l initi"l

Plot l"belin. i# o$tion"l/ , "nte the B
/// F /// F

!u&h "# ,or the $re&ein. BA!B &o''"n the be.innin.# o, ol e,inition# "re #hon ithin #u"re br"&ket#/ , the#e "re to be reu#e the+ &"n be "&&e$te b+ " #i'$le WRX/ Tho#e ho o "nt to u#e the &"#e title "re re,erre to the BH
10


H16

11

Kerti&"l "Ci# #&"lin. ("n li'it#) ill nor'"ll+ be eter'ine "uto'"ti&"ll+ b+ the $ro.r"'/ :ut there "re ti'e# hen " u#er ill "nt to o%errie thi# b+ '"nu"l #ele&tion "n the BPAIB #ub&o''"n #er%e# thi# $ur$o#e/ A t+$i&"l #ub#euent $ro'$t oul beF KRTA< ! G !A= U

-0/800N02

0/800N02  F

here the eCi#tin. -"Ci# 'ini'u' "n '"Ci'u' "re #hon ithin #u"re br"&ket#/ The ,ir#t #u&h u#".e ill #it&h ,ro' "uto'"ti& #&"lin. to ,iCe #&"lin./ @en B00B to &"n&el $re%iou# '"nu"ll+-#$e&i,ie li'it# "n thereb+ return to the ori.in"l "uto'"ti& #&"lin. o, the %erti&"l "Ci#/ The reue#t to "&tu"ll+ $rou&e " $lot t"ke# the ,or' o, " #$e&i,i&"tion o, " ti'e inter%"l o, intere#t (t-be. t-en)/ t i# $o##ible to o thi# in #e%er"l "+#/ ir#t the BT!B #ub&o''"n ill re#ult in " $ro'$t ,or #u&h "n inter%"l/ A #e&on &hoi&e i# the u#e o, BA<<\T!B hi&h ill #i'$l+ $rou&e " $lot u#in. "ll "%"il"ble "t"/ A thir o$tion i# BRTB hi&h i# e#i.ne to $lot onl+ the 'o#t re&entl+-$rou&e $oint#/ or &on%enien&e the u#er &"n "$$en the reuire $"r"'eter# to the#e &o''"n# thereb+ b+$"##in. the #ub#euent $ro'$t ,or the'/ or eC"'$le BT!\0\50B i# " reue#t to $rou&e " $lot o%er the ti'e r"n.e (0\50) "n BRT\20B ill $rou&e " $lot o, onl+ the 'o#t re&ent 20 ti'e unit# o, "t"/ A ,ourth "ltern"ti%e i# B?RAB hi&h ju#t reu#e# the ti'e# o, the $re&ein. $lot h"te%er the+ '"+ be/ hoi&e o, the ti'e unit# ,or " $lot i# uner u#er &ontrol %i" the BT!T@B #ub&o''"n to hi&h the u#er ill " the "$$ro$ri"te inte.er &oe eC"&tl+ "# i# u#e ,or b"t&h-'oe $lottin. (e/./ B4B ,or 'illi#e&on# et&/)/ , no #u&h &h"n.e i# '"e the ti'e unit# ill be in#t"ll"tion- e$enent "# #et ithin the @TARTP ,ile (%"ri"ble# H@ "n T!
&hoi&e/

or " ui&k #u''"r+ o, the o$tion# #hon #en B!B/ The #ub&o''"n B!ARIB ill i''ei"tel+ ienti,+ the &ur%e# b+ "$$l+in. the "$$ro$ri"te letter# (B"B BbB et&/)/ #e BKR

'u&h ,or the @P &o''"n $lot ,ro' the out#ie i#

H16

BTIB/ et "nother @P &o''"n th"t &ontrol# " rollin. BR<
B@!THB\\i# u#e to 'oi,+ the toler"n&e T
"'e-1 ; TRA TRA

"'e-2

<A?;

!ini'u' -6/92995N01 -5/98629N01 -2/02090-01

!"Ci'u' 7/00000N01 6/47100N01 2/49046-01

T o, 'in 3/00000N00 3/00000N00 3/00000N00

A&tu"ll+ one &olu'n i# 'i##in. on the ri.ht ue to l"&k o, #$"&e --- " &olu'n entitle BT\o,\'"CB (the ti'e o, the '"Ci'u')/ A# ,or the ,ir#t &olu'n the '".nitue .i%e# the %"ri"ble nu'ber in the out$ut %e&tor "n "n+ 'inu# #i.n 'e"n# " re%er#"l o, $ol"rit+ &o'$"re ith the out$ut %e&tor/ The i#$l"+ o, B<K
1/50000N00 1/54935N00

-2/00000N00 7/11894-01

3/14000-01 -9/99900N03

BRRB\\i# the ."te"+ to inter"&ti%e ourier #erie# &o'$ut"tion/ The b"#i& '"the'"ti&# "n "##u'$tion# "re ienti&"l to tho#e o, the BRR\B o$tion o, b"t&h-'oe !TP $lottin. (#ee @e&tion =K)/ %en the $rinte re#ult# ill be the #"'eF " t"ble o, h"r'oni& &ontent in the <T6 ino/ :ut in#te" o, the #$e&i,i&"tion o, $"r"'eter# %i" " b"t&h-'oe $lot &"r ithin @P BP<TB the &ontrol# "re inter"&ti%e %i" the ke+bo"r/ Al#o "t the en o, "n+ #u&h inter"&ti%e ourier &o'$ut"tion the u#er &"n inter"&ti%el+ $lot the '".nitue# o, &o'$leC h"r'oni&# "# " ,un&tion o, ,reuen&+ in the ,or' o, " b"r &h"rt/ Thi# reuire# %e&tor $lottin. hoe%er (#ee B!?B)/ ne #i'$le re#tri&tion to the u#e o, BRRB i# th"t onl+ one $lot %"ri"ble i# "lloe (i/e/ the u#er &"n onl+ ,in the h"r'oni& &ontent o, " #in.le #i.n"l "t "n+ one ti'e)/ There "re three $ro'$t# ithin the BRRB #ub&o''"n "n thi# 'i.ht be #hon "# 'ini'"l o&u'ent"tionF @? T-be. RO U 0/0 60/  (? P<T <!T) F @? H-be. H-en (? WRX) U 0 9  F @? K-'"C (WRX 0) U 0/00000000N00  F The ,ir#t o, the#e #eek# to ienti,+ the &+&le o, intere#t in ter'# o, " be.innin. ti'e "n the ,reuen&+/ There '"+ be " #li.ht el"+ ,olloin. the "n#er to thi# ,ir#t $ro'$t "# the ourier #erie# i# &o'$ute "n the h"r'oni& t"ble i# i#$l"+e in the <T6 ino/ The #e&on $ro'$t "#k# ,or the be.innin. "n enin. h"r'oni& nu'ber# ,or the b"r &h"rt/ , the u#er "nt# no #u&h $lot he #en# B?B to return to the ,ir#t $ro'$t/ To eCit the ,ir#t $ro'$t u#e B?B hi&h ill return to the BP<TFB $ro'$t/ The thir "n ,in"l $ro'$t reue#t# %erti&"l-"Ci# #&"lin. in,or'"tion ,or the b"r &h"rt/

12


H16

13

Pro%ie the #i.n"l ,reuen&+ i# eu"l to the $oer ,reuen&+ "n the ,ir#t ten h"r'oni&# #&"le to ,ill the %e&tor $lot ino $ro%ie "n "eu"te i#$l"+ three &"rri".e return# (WRX) ill re#$on to the#e three $ro'$t#/ The u#e o, B@PB to eCit i# not re&o''ene #in&e it '"+ le"%e &ert"in &ontrol $"r"'eter# in "n unn"tur"l #t"te thereb+ "ulter"tin. the 'e'or+ o, BP<TB (in &"#e the u#er "nt# #ub#euent .r"$h#)/ t i# .oo $r"&ti&e to eCit the ourier &o'$ut"tion u#in. B?B /// "l"+#/ B@HATB\\i# the ."te"+ to inter"&ti%e "n"l+#i# o, the lo##-o,-li,e o, " .ener"tor #h",t ue to "n "$$lie torue/ t i# " ne $lottin. ,un&tion th"t i# #till uner.oin. eC$eri'ent"tion "n 'oi,i&"tion #o i# not re&o''ene ,or the .ener"l $ubli&/ :ut the .ener"l o$er"tion i# e"#+ enou.h to #u''"ri*e/ @h",t torue# &"n be $rei&te b+ the +n"'i& 'oelin. o, rot"tin. '"&hiner+ (#ee @e&tion# K "n =) #o #u&h " #i.n"l i# "##u'e to be "%"il"ble ,or $lottin. in the out$ut %e&tor hen B@HATB i# reue#te/ u#t "# ith BRRB onl+ one out$ut %"ri"ble &"n be "n"l+*e "t "n+ one ti'e "n the #h",t "n"l+#i# i# $ro%ie in lieu o, " $lot/ or'"ll+ the u#er ill $lot the torue ,ir#t/ Then h"%in. th"t $i&ture in ,ront o, hi' he ill reue#t " #e&on $"## o, the #"'e "t" urin. hi&h lo## o, li,e i# &o'$ute/ ith "ll i".no#ti& turne o,, the re#ult ill be " #in.le #u''"r+ 'e##".e in the <T6 ino h"%in. the ,olloin. ,or'F n o, lo##-o,-li,e &"l&ul"tion ,or .ener"tor #h",t torue/ TT<< J 0/00000000N00 ?"t" u#e ,or thi# ,"ti.ue &"l&ul"tion ,ollo#/ The nu'ber o, $oint# o, the ,"ti.ue &ur%e hi&h &"'e ,ro' i#k ,ile @HAT/?AT i# PT<< J 3/ The torue toler"n&e (,or i.norin. rel"ti%e eCtre'") i# P@<< J 1/00000000N01/ The ,"ti.ue &ur%e it#el, (TRO() <@() J1 PT<<) ,ollo#F 1/00000N05 1/00000N00 1/00000N03 1/00000N01 1/00000N00 1/00000N02 A# #u..e#te b+ thi# out$ut there i# "n intern"l &onne&tion o, " i#k ,ile n"'e @HAT/?AT hi&h 'u#t &ont"in "t" e#&ribin. the #h",t o, intere#t/ Thi# u#e o, " ,iCe n"'e "n ,iCe  &h"nnel "re te'$or"r+ re#tri&tion# onl+ "# eC$eri'ent"tion &ontinue#/ n&e $rou&tion u#".e be.in# thi# &"n be .ener"li*e/ :ut ,or no the #in.le i#k ,ile @HAT/?AT 'u#t "$$l+ to the torue o, intere#t "n it 'u#t be.in ith one 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r &ont"inin. to $"r"'eter#F ?13

(&olu'n# 1-8)

P@<<

i# the torue #&"lin. ,"&tor ith bl"nk or *ero i# t"ken "# unit+M (&olu'n# 9-16) i# the torue toler"n&e belo hi&h eC&ur#ion# "re i.nore/

Thi# ,ir#t &"r i# to be ,olloe b+ the torue-&+&le# &h"r"&teri#ti&/ &on#i#t# o, one $oint (" $"ir o, nu'ber#) $er &"r re" "# 216/0 "t"F TRO <@

Thi#

(&olu'n# 1-16) i# the torue %"lue o, the neCt $oint on the lo##-o,-li,e &h"r"&teri#ti&M (&olu'n# 17-32) i# the "##o&i"te nu'ber o, &+&le# to &r"&k "t thi# le%el o, o#&ill"tion/

:oth o, the#e %"lue# ill "l"+# be $o#iti%e/ Thi# &h"r"&teri#ti& i# to be e,ine ,or 'on"toni&"ll+-in&re"#in. TRO ,or hi&h the "##o&i"te <@ %"lue #houl be 'on"toni&"ll+ e&re"#in./ The &h"r"&teri#ti& i# to be ter'in"te b+ " &"r ith TRO J 9999/


H16

B=-\P<TB\\to..le# the bin"r+ &ontrol %"ri"ble th"t &hoo#e# beteen nor'"l $lottin. "# " ,un&tion o, ti'e "n the $lottin. o, one %"ri"ble "."in#t the other "# ti'e in&re"#e#/ @in&e the $ro.r"' be.in# ith nor'"l $lottin. the ,ir#t #u&h u#e i# " #it&h to =- $lottin./ or tho#e ith %e&tor $lottin. &"$"bilit+ =- $lottin. #houl be $o##ible/ :ut there i# not +et "n+ #u&h &"$"bilit+ ,or the &h"r"&ter 'oe o, $lottin./ t &oul be $ro%ie u$on e'"n but thu# ,"r there h"# been no e'"n/ ''ei"tel+ ",ter the #it&h to =- $lottin. there ill be " $ro'$t ,or " hori*ont"l "Ci# title/ The ,olloin. illu#tr"te# thi#F P<TF =- P<T --- To..le to BB @? =-A=@
(=- $lottin.) /// F

The onl+ other i,,eren&e ,ro' " &on%ention"l $lot ill o&&ur ",ter the ti'e #$"n o, intere#t i# #$e&i,ie/ At thi# $oint the u#er ill be $ro'$te ,or li'it# o, both the hori*ont"l "n %erti&"l "Ce# be,ore the $lot i# $rou&e/ The ,olloin. i# illu#tr"ti%eF P<TF T! 0 4 RK@ =-'in RK@ -'in

=-'"C -'"C

U  (
BR@RB\\i# the ."te"+ to lo.i& th"t "llo# ,or the eC$eri'ent"l eter'in"tion o, orin"te# "n #lo$e# o, &ur%e# u#in. #o'e $ointin. "n '"rkin. e%i&e/ The lo.i& "# ori.in"ll+ e%elo$e ,or the TektroniC 4014 hi&h h" hori*ont"l "n %erti&"l line# (B&ro## h"ir#B) th"t &oul be "&&ur"tel+ $o#itione u#in. to thu'bheel#/ ?o not "tte'$t to u#e thi# ,e"ture unle## it i# knon th"t the &"$"bilit+ h"# been i'$le'ente ,or the &o'$uter "n %e&tor-.r"$hi& i#$l"+ e%i&e o, intere#t/ =K--5/

o''"n ile#F

QI

<@

!!T

KR

TP

!u&h the "+ 'oern &o'$uter o$er"tin. #+#te'# "llo inter"&ti%e u#er &o''"n# to be built into i#k ,ile# ,or eCe&ution "# " .rou$ #o @P "llo# the 'oul"ri*"tion o, &o''"n#/ ?i#k ,ile# o, #$+ &o''"n# ill be &"lle B&o''"n ,ile#B (,olloin. the ? KA=K!@ n"'e)/ @u&h &o''"n ,ile# &"n be eCe&ute b+ $re&ein. "n ienti,i&"tion o, the ,ile b+ the BQB #+'bol ("."in 'oele ",ter KA=K!@)/ Altern"ti%el+ there i# " b"t&h-'oe &onne&tion to #u&h ,ile# too (#ee D@P o, @e&tion =K-?)/ There "re ten #$e&i"l re#er%e &o''"n ,ile# th"t &"n be "&&e##e b+ " #in.le e&i'"l i.it (%"ri"ble ,ro' 0 throu.h 9)/ Thi# i# ui&ker th"n ke+in. " t+$i&"l ,ile n"'e/ To &he&k on the eCi#ten&e o, one or 'ore o, the#e u#e the B<@B &o''"n o, hi&h the ,olloin. i# "n eC"'$leF @PF < ile nu'ber F <@PE/?ATF

1 =

2 =

3 =

4

5 =

6

7 =

8 =

9

0 =

An B=B ini&"te# eCi#t"n&e o, " .i%en ,ile here"# " bl"nk ini&"te# noneCi#ten&e/ Thi# i#$l"+ "l#o #ho# the re"l n"'e o, the i#k ,ile# (the 5th oul be n"'e <@P5/?AT)/ o''"n ,ile# &"n in ,"&t be 'e'or+-#tore r"ther th"n i#k-#tore "n thi# $ro%ie# ,or ,"#ter in$ut in &"#e o, re$eti%e in$ut (loo$in. ithin the ,ile %i" the #ub&o''"n B;TB o, the @P &o''"n BAPP?B)/ ne "+ to lo" &"r i'".e# ,ro' ?i#k to 'e'or+ (the <T10 $ro.r"' &"r &"&he) i# %i" the BPB #ub-#ub-&o''"n o, the BAR?B #ub&o''"n o, the B@PAB &o''"n o, @P/ n&e in 'e'or+ " &o''"n ,ile i# eCe&ute b+ "$$enin. " #l"#h (BB) in ,ront o, the ,ile ienti,i&"tion "n u#in. " <T10 &"r ineC ,or the ,ile ienti,i&"tion/

14


H16

15

or eC"'$le here"# BQ2B ill eCe&ute the i#k-#tore #e&on #$e&i"l &o''"n ,ile (#hon in the neCt $"r".r"$h) BQ6350B i# the &o''"n to eCe&ute h"te%er &o''"n ,ile be.in# in &"r nu'ber 6350 o, the !TP &"r &"&he (<T10)/ Althou.h the in$ut ,ro' 'o#t i#k-#tore &o''"n ,ile# ill &ontinue until "n en-o,-,ile i# en&ountere ("t hi&h $oint &ontrol ill be returne to the ke+bo"r) " #o,t"re en-o,-,ile i# "l#o $o##ible/ Thi# i# #i'$le enou.hF BB in &olu'n# 1-3 o, " &o''"n line/ @u&h u#".e i# '"n"tor+ in the &"#e o, 'e'or+-#tore &o''"n ,ile# o, &our#e/ #".e o, &o''"n ,ile# &"n not be ne#te (i/e/ no #u&h &o''"n ,ile &"n it#el, &ont"in "n BQB &o''"n)/ :ut other u#er "i# "re "lloe in&luin. !TP &o''ent &"r# (B\B)/ The @P B!!TB &o''"n &ontrol# hether or not #u&h line# "re #een in the @P ino (the initi"l &hoi&e i# ,or #u&h e&hoin.)/ n-line &o''ent# "re "l#o "lloe "n "re to be en&our".e (the+ '"ke the #euen&e o, &o''"n# 'u&h 'ore uner#t"n"ble to " hu'"n)/ The A$ollo #+'bol BSB h"# been re#er%e ,or thi# role --- to '"rk the $l"&e here "ll in$ut re&or# ill be trun&"te/ or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h u#".e #ee <@P2/?AT in the neCt $"r".r"$h/ n &"#e the u#er i# #o #ure o, the &orre&tne## o, both hi# $ro.r"' "n hi# &o''"n ,ile th"t he oe# not "nt to #ee &o''"n# "# the+ "re eCe&ute he &"n u#e the &o''"n BKRB hi&h to..le# the bin"r+ #it&h th"t &ontrol# #u&h out$ut/ in"ll+ " $oun# #i.n (BQ\B) &"n be u#e ,or re#er%e bl"nk# #houl #u&h be neee/ hen " &o''"n ,ile en# (u#u"ll+ hen in$ut i# h"lte b+ " h"r"re en-o,,ile "lthou.h the #o,t"re &on#tru&t BB ill "&&o'$li#h the #"'e ter'in"tion) &ontrol i# returne to the ke+bo"r/ :ut hereE h"t #houl the $ro'$t beE :e&"u#e @P i# not #'"rt enou.h to re'e'ber it #i'$l+ i#$l"+# " .oo .ue## n"'el+ the ,reuent B@PFB $ro'$t/ u#t re'e'ber th"t thi# '"+ or '"+ not be &orre&t e$enin. u$on here @P &ontrol "# "t the in#t"nt "t" o, the &o''"n ,ile "# eCh"u#te/ There '"+ be one erroneou# $ro'$t/ , BQB i# to be the ,ir#t @P &o''"n there i# " 'ore &o'$"&t "+ o, o, be.innin. eCe&ution/ A# brie,l+ 'entione in @e&tion - "n illu#tr"te in @e&tion =K-A the u#er &oul re#$on to the ori.in"l $ro.r"' in$ut $ro'$t ith " &h"r"&ter #trin. ,olloin. hi# B@PB reue#t #e$"r"te b+ one #$"&e/ , the "$$en".e be.in# ith BQB it ill be t"ken "# in$ut to @P r"ther th"n " ,ile n"'e ("# $re%iou#l+ e#&ribe in @e&tion =K--1)/ or eC"'$le !TP be.in#/ @P Q3

@en (@P ,ileZn"'e ?@I H
i# the #"'e "# ,ir#t #enin. onl+ B@PB "n then #ub#euentl+ #enin. BQ3B to @P (,or A$ollo thi# oul be ke+e in the #e$"r"te @P in$ut ino $"ne)/ BTPB\\"llo# ,or the in#$e&tion o, " &o''"n ,ile be,ore th"t ,ile i# eCe&ute/ A&tu"ll+ "n+ A@ i#k ,ile &"n #o be in#$e&te in&luin. !TP "t" ,ile#/ :ut the 'o#t &o''on u#e ill be ,or &o''"n ,ile#/ , there i# "n+ ue#tion "bout the &ontent o, " &o''"n ,ile it i# better to ,in out be,ore eCe&ution (i/e/ be,ore it '"+ be too l"te to '"ke " &orre&tion)/ An illu#tr"tion o, #u&h u#".e ,ollo#F

@PF
TP 2 1 F  :e.in <@P2/?AT @P &o''"n ,ile th"t illu#tr"te# 2 F  the u#e o, "n "r.u'ent ("lbeit tri%i"l)/ 3 F H


H16

ote the "r.u'ent (the 8 $er&ent #i.n# on line 4)/ , the u#er "nt# to obt"in in,or'"tion "bout the BP<TB &o''"n o, @P he nee onl+ #en BQ2\H
!TP K"ri"ble#F

=A! A!@ R<< <@T ? ?P@T

@o'eh"t "n"lo.ou# to B#+'boli& ebu..er#B o, 'oern &o'$uter #+#te'# @P &"n ob#er%e or 'oi,+ "n+ %"ri"ble o, !TP t"ble# o, the #olution o%erl"+#/ t i# the B=A!B "n B?P@TB &o''"n# o, @P th"t "llo thi#/ et there "re to ,un"'ent"l i,,eren&e#F 1) the #i'ul"tion &"n not be h"lte "t "n "rbit"r+ line o, "n "rbitr"r+ #ubroutine "n 2) onl+ %"ri"ble# th"t "re #tore in !! blo&k# (not lo&"l %"ri"ble#) "re "&&e##ible/ n orer to ,in here %"ri"ble# "re #tore "n h"t the n"'e# "re the &o''"n# B<@TB "n B?B h"%e been $ro%ie/ The B=A!B &o''"n be."n ith ke+bo"r orient"tion but h"# #in&e been &on%erte into " #tru&ture th"t i# better ""$te ,or u#e ithin &o''"n ,ile#/ or ork#t"tion# h"%in. ino# thi# i# no h"ni&"$ #in&e " &o''"n ,ile &"n be eite "t the #"'e ti'e the $ro.r"' i# eCe&ute/ @$e&i,i& rule# o, u#".e ,or B=A!B &oul be ,i.ure out ,ro' the BH

 :e.in =A! T 0 A?? @TP T!A= <T4 T HA TP ? TA:< R! 1 6 2 8 3 7 -6 @H ?

<@P1/?AT b+ builin. " ,iCe ebu..in. t"ble Thi# @P &o''"n enter# the orl o, B=A!B &hoi&e# Re#et t"ble len.th to *ero (in &"#e o, $re%iou# u#".e) ;o into B"$$en 'oeB "in. to botto' o, B=A!B t"ble ir#t !TP !! %"ri"ble to be $l"&e in B=A!B t"ble 2n !TP !! %"ri"ble //// 3r !TP !! %"ri"ble /// 4th !TP !! %"ri"ble //// 5th !TP !! %"ri"ble //// 6th !TP !! %"ri"ble //// Cit loo$ o%er !TP %"ri"ble n"'e# (b"&k to &hoi&e#) ?i#$l"+ "ll %"ri"ble# o, B=A!B t"ble no e,ine Pro&e## entrie# o, B=A!B t"ble #o re"+ ,or l"ter u#e 1#t %"ri"ble i# to h"%e it# ith eC$"ne to 6 &olu'n# 2n %"ri"ble i# to h"%e it# ith eC$"ne to 8 &olu'n# 3r throu.h 6th %"ri"ble# ///// eC$"ne to 7 &olu'n# on,ir' th"t the#e 5 'oi,i&"tion# h"%e been '"e &orre&tl+ :re"k out o, BR!B loo$ 'o%in. b"&k to B=A!B &hoi&e#

16


H16

17

@P :"&k to B@PFB $ro'$t (one ith B=A!B u#".e) A!@ ?i#$l"+ he"in. ,or %"ri"ble# ,olloe b+ &urrent %"lue#  Th"t# "ll there i#M  &o'e# neCtM Cit <@P1/?AT neCt/ @in&e the in-line &o''ent# eC$l"in 'o#t o, thi# #u&h e#&ri$tion ill not be re$e"te here/ Hoe%er thi# #"+# little "bout the i,,erent @P $ro'$t# to hi&h the#e line# "re re#$on#e#/ The re#ult o, BQ2B #houl o&u'ent the $ro'$t# better th"n or#F @PF =A! H (TA:< ?TH T  A?? P R! @H) F T 0 H (TA:< ?TH T  A?? P R! @H) F A?? @? !TP KARA:<F @TP @? !TP KARA:<F T!A= @? !TP KARA:<F <T4 @? !TP KARA:<F T @? !TP KARA:<F HA @? !TP KARA:<F TP @? !TP KARA:<F ? H (TA:< ?TH T  A?? P R! @H) F TA:< Ro "'e TT <T ! !A= 6 J != 1 @TP 1 45 1 1 2 T!A= 0 20 1 1 3 <T4 1 119 1 1 4 T 0 18 1 1 5 HA 1 77 1 1 6 TP 0 19 1 1 H (TA:< ?TH T  A?? P R! @H) F R! Tri$let# o, (ineC ith teCt)/ != J 6/ 1 5 @TP 2 6 T!A= 3 6 <T4 4 6 T 5 6 HA 6 6 TP @? I-ineC I-ith (? @HM B-I? u#eB) F 1 6 @? I-ineC I-ith (? @HM B-I? u#eB) F 2 8 @? I-ineC I-ith (? @HM B-I? u#eB) F 3 7 -6 @? I-ineC I-ith (? @HM B-I? u#eB) F @H Tri$let# o, (ineC ith teCt)/ != J 6/ 1 6 @TP 2 8 T!A= 3 7 <T4 4 7 T 5 7 HA 6 7 TP @? I-ineC I-ith (? @HM B-I? u#eB) F ? H (TA:< ?TH T  A?? P R! @H) F @P @PF A!@ @TP T!A= <T4 T HA TP 79 /120 -4 3/95 18 6/2832 S 1 t i# onl+ the ,in"l to line# th"t nor'"ll+ oul be o, intere#t to the u#erF out$ut o, the BA!@B &o''"n/ The#e #ho th"t the #i'ul"tion i# on ti'e #te$ nu'ber @TP\J\79 hi&h &orre#$on# to #i'ul"tion ti'e T\J\3/95 #e&on#/ The en-ti'e o, the #i'ul"tion ill ne%er be re"&he (T!A= J 1/19 i# #et intern"ll+ ,or "ll @P u#".e)/ The o%erl"+ nu'ber HA i# 18 (ithin the ti'e-#te$ loo$) %"ri"ble TP i# h"rl+ " #ur$ri#e "n <T4 bein. ne."ti%e 'e"n# th"t $lot "t" $oint# "re bein. hel in 'e'or+ r"ther th"n bein. ritten to  unit nu'ber <T4/ The nu'ber B1B ithin br"&e# on the ri.ht i# " line nu'ber/ Here onl+ " #in.le line "# reuire but ,or 'ore %"ri"ble# to or 'ore line# 'i.ht be reuire/ @P $ro%ie# ,or thi# "uto'"ti&"ll+/ A,ter the %"ri"ble e,inition o, B=A!B the u#er &"n reue#t the i#$l"+ o, %"ri"ble %"lue# "t "n+ l"ter ti'e/ A# "lre"+ #een thi# i# one b+ the @P &o''"n BA!@B hi&h re#ult# in " i#$l"+ o, the %"ri"ble he"in.# "# ell "# the &urrent %"ri"ble %"lue#/ , onl+ &urrent %"ri"ble %"lue# "re "nte " WRX #houl be u#e in#te"/ A ,in"l %"ri"tion o, ob#er%"tion i# $ro%ie


H16

b+ the @P &o''"n BR<
@+'bol or "'e Are## T<I 1204348 A: 1187434 1 1201032

Ke&torE (e#J1) 1 0 0

A#&iiE (e#J1) 1 80 0

eCt F 1012

687

@+'bol#

F

The he"in. (line# 2 "n 3) #ho# th"t 687 i#tin&t #+'bol# "re "%"il"ble to the u#er/ H" the u#er #ent BA<
or "re## 1187434 1133096

Are## &h"n.e 1187434 -54338

eCt #+'bol F A: F I?:R F

The out$ut i# $rou&e one ro "t " ti'e "# the u#er reue#t# " i,,erent #+'bol/ The ,ir#t reue#t "# ,or A: note "n the #e&on "# ,or I?:R/ The il &"r B>B i# honore here 'u&h "# it i# ,or KA=K!@ ire&tor+ &o''"n#/ @o i, the u#er "nte to ,in "ll #+'bol# th"t &ont"ine the &h"r"&ter #trin. B:@B he #houl ke+ B>:@>B/ B?P@TB\\"llo# the u#er to &h"n.e the &ontent# o, "n+ &ell o, the !TP t"ble#/ , &our#e #o'e &h"n.e# to !TP %"ri"ble# ill be &o''on enou.h th"t #$e&i"l &oe h"# been ritten ,or th"t $ur$o#e/ An eC"'$le i# the @P &o''"n BTB hi&h #ho# the u#er the &urrent %"lue o, thi# %"ri"ble "t the #"'e ti'e it $ro'$t# hi' ,or " re%i#e %"lue/ , #u&h " ei&"te &o''"n eCi#t# "n ill $er,or' the e#ire 'oi,i&"tion it i# $re,er"ble/ :ut o,ten no #u&h #$e&i"li*e &o''"n eCi#t# in hi&h &"#e B?P@TB 'u#t be u#e/

18


H16

19

u#t "# ith B=A!B the 'e'or+ lo&"tion or lo&"tion# o, intere#t "re ienti ienti,ie ,ie  to B?P@ B?P@TB TB b+ 'e"n 'e"n# # o, " #+'bo #+'bol l n"'e n"'e "n "n " #ub#&r #ub#&ri$t i$t r"n.e r"n.e ("lloin. %e&tor %e&tor e$o#it#)/ e$o#it#)/ There i# " lot lot o, $oer here here #o the u#er u#er #houl be &"re,ul/ &"re,ul/ Tho#e Tho#e ho o not kno kno 'u&h "bout "bout the intern intern"l "l orkin.# orkin.# o, the the !TP re"ll+ #houl u#e thi# tool onl+ ",ter h"%in. been "%i#e b+ #o'e !TP eC$ert/ n "n+ &"#e "n illu#tr"tion ,ollo#F @PF ?P@T @? !TP KARA:<F PR@PJ9 @? !TP KARA:<F K
T"ble ?u'$in.Re#torin.F

@AK

R@TR

@<P

AI

H

T"ble T"ble u'$in u'$in. . i# the #"%in. #"%in. o, e%er+ e%er+ #t"te #t"te %"ri"b %"ri"ble le o, "n on.oin on.oin. . !TP !TP #i'ul"ti #i'ul"tion/ on/ The #ub#eue #ub#euent nt relo"in relo"in. . o, the &o$+ o, %"ri"ble %"ri"ble# # into ori.in"l ori.in"l lo&" lo&"ti tion on# # in 'e'o 'e'or+ r+ i# &"ll &"lle e t"bl t"ble e re#t re#tor or"t "tio ion/ n/ @u&h @u&h t"bl t"ble e u'$ u'$in in. . "n "n re#tor"tion &"n be "&&o'$li#he "&&o'$li#he inter"&ti%el+ inter"&ti%el+ u#in. the B@AKB "n BR@TRB &o''"n# o, @P hi&h "llo the u#er to b"&k u$ ti'e on the #i'ul"tion &lo&k ("##u'in. th"t #i'ul"tion ti'e ill "%"n&e beteen the ti'e o, #"%in. "n the ti'e o, re#tor"t re#tor"tion) ion)/ / An+ inter"&ti inter"&ti%e %e #i'ul"tio #i'ul"tion n th"t in%ol%e# in%ol%e# the re$etiti% re$etiti%e e #olution o, the #"'e b"#i& $roble' onl+ ith #o'e $"r"'eter (e/./ #o'e &ontrol #+#te' #+#te' ."in) ."in) "ltere "ltere beteen beteen #u&&e##i #u&&e##i%e %e #olution #olution# # ill nor'"ll+ nor'"ll+ reuire reuire #u&h t"ble u'$in. u'$in. "n re#torin./ A,ter t"ble t"ble re#tor"tion re#tor"tion but be,ore the the #i'ul"tion #i'ul"tion i# "&tu"ll+ re#t"re the u#er nor'"ll+ ill 'oi,+ !TP %"ri"ble# #o'eho (e/./ u#in. u#in. the B?P@T B?P@TB B &o''"n &o''"n o, @P)/ @P)/ A,ter A,ter "ll the u#er nor'"ll+ nor'"ll+ h"# no intere#t in #ol%in. the ienti&"l #"'e $roble' ti&e/ The ju#t-'en ju#t-'ention tione e B@AKB B@AKB "n BR@TR BR@TRB B &o''"n# &o''"n# o, @P "re ,or u#e urin. urin. " #in.le #in.le $ro.r" $ro.r"' ' eCe&ut eCe&ution ion/ / The re#ult re#ultin. in. #tor". #tor".e e o, !TP t"ble# t"ble# i# %ol"tile "n it ill i#"$$e"r i, either eCe&ution i# ter'in"te or i, the &o'$uter &o'$uter &r"#he# &r"#he#/ / @houl @houl the u#er "nt "nt to #"%e t"ble# t"ble# $er'"nentl $er'"nentl+ + then it i# the @P B@<PB B@<PB &o''"n &o''"n th"t he #houl #houl u#e/ Thi# i# nothin. nothin. 'ore th"n "n inter"&ti%e &onne&tion to the b"t&h-'oe ,e"ture in%ol%in. inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter !!@AK\J\1 (#ee @e&tion -:)/ To re#t"rt #u&h " #lee$in. !TP #i'ul"tion u#e the @P BAIB &o''"n hi&h i# the inter"&ti%e eui%"lent o, the b"t&h-'oe B@TART\A;AB reue#t (#ee @e&tion -A)/ The BHB &o''"n "llo# the u#er to el"+ t"ble #"%in. or re#torin. until #o'e l"ter u#er-#$e&i,ie u#er-#$e&i,ie ti'e/ The u#er 'erel+ ,ollo# ,ollo# the reue#t reue#t or b+ the ti'e ti'e T-hen T-hen in #e&on #e&on# # #e$"r" #e$"r"te te b+ one or 'ore 'ore bl"nk# bl"nk#/ / The ,ollo ,olloin. in. illu#tr"tion i# t+$i&"lF @PF hen /150 Ti'e o, B@AKR@TRB

&h"n.e ,ro' 0/00000000N00 0/00000000N 00

to 1/50000000-01 1/50000000- 01

ote th"t the u#er ke+e the &o''"n in loer-&"#e hi&h "# "&&e$t"ble be&"u#e I@\J\1 o, the @TARTP ,ile in#tru&t# the $ro.r"' to &on%ert "ll loer loer &"#e to u$$er u$$er &"#e/ The &on,i &on,ir'" r'"tio tion n line #ho# #ho# both the ol "n ne %"lue# ,or the ti'e o, t"ble t"ble h"nlin. T-hen/ The initi"li*"tion initi"li*"tion %"lue o, *ero ('e"nin. no el"+ ,or t"ble h"nlin.) ill "l"+# be in e,,e&t unle## the u#er 'oi,ie# it "# in thi# eC"'$le/


H16

llu#tr"ti%e llu#tr"ti%e u#".e o, B@AKB "n BR@TRB &"n be ,oun in #t"n"r @P &o''"n ,ile nu'ber 3 hi&h run# it#el,/ u#t #en BQ3B in the @P ino "t the ,ir#t o$$ortunit+ o$$ortunit+ "n #it b"&k "n "t&h "t&h the #ho/ u#t re'e'ber re'e'ber th"t it i# "n illu#tr"tion not " $r"&ti&"l "$$li&"tionF no %"ri"ble# "re "ltere ,olloin. t"ble re#tor"tion/ The #$ee #$ee o, t"ble t"ble u'$in. u'$in. "n re#tor"t re#tor"tion ion i# hi.hl+ hi.hl+ e$enen e$enent t u$on &o'$uter &o'$uter #+#te'/ #+#te'/ t i# ?\KA= ?\KA= ,or hi&h hi&h e h"%e ,oun ,oun the ie"l ie"l #olution #olution (" #in.le blo&k tr"n#,er ,ro' 'e'or+ to 'e'or+ ,or the o'in"nt B
B?B

,or @t"ti#ti&"l T"bul"tion o, !onte "rlo @i'ul"tion

The B?B B?B &o''"n &o''"n i# 'e"nin., 'e"nin.,ul ul onl+ onl+ hen the on.oin. on.oin. #i'ul"ti #i'ul"tion on i# i# " !onte !onte "rlo "rlo (B@TAT@ (B@TAT@T T@B) @B) #tu+/ #tu+/ , #u&h " "t" &"#e ere ere to be eCe&ute eCe&ute ith ithou out t @P @P the the re reue ue#t #te e nu' nu'be ber r o, ener ener.i .i*" *"ti tion on# #  R; R; (int (inte. e.er er 'i#&ell" 'i#&ell"neou neou# # "t" $"r"'eter $"r"'eter o, @e&tion @e&tion -:) oul oul be #i'ul"te #i'ul"te  ,olloe ,olloe b+ #t"ti#ti #t"ti#ti&"l &"l t"bul"tion t"bul"tion o, the %"ri"ble# %"ri"ble# o, intere#t intere#t ("# reue#te reue#te  b+ "t" o, @e&tio @e&tion n =-:) =-:)/ / :ut hen hen u#in. u#in. @P the nu'ber nu'ber o, ener.i* ener.i*"ti "tion# on# i# #et to in,init+ intern"ll+ #o it i# the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to eCit the ti.ht loo$ hen he belie%e# "n#er# "re #'ooth enou.h ,or hi# nee#/ The B?B &o''"n "llo# the u#er to $re%ie the #t"ti#ti&"l t"bul"tion# th"t nor'"ll+ oul be el"+e el"+e until until "ll #i'ul"ti #i'ul"tion# on# "re &o'$lete &o'$lete/ / Re#ultin Re#ultin. . #t"ti#ti #t"ti#ti&"l &"l i#$l"+# i#$l"+# ill ill  o, &our &our#e #e  be b"#e b"#e  onl+ onl+ on tho# tho#e e ener ener.i .i*" *"ti tion on# # th"t th"t ill ill h"%e h"%e been been &o'$lete "t the in#t"nt o, u#e hoe%er/ K"ri"ble #ele&tion "n #&"lin. in,or'"tion ,or the B?B i#$l"+ 'u#t be built into the "t" &"#e ju#t ju#t "# oul be reuire reuire ,or b"t&h-'oe b"t&h-'oe u#".e/ u#".e/ n &"#e &h"n.e# to #u&h "t" "re e#ire urin. eCe&ution eit the i#k ,ile o, "t" &"r# in " #e$"r"te ino ("##u'in. the u#er h"# " ork#t"tion #u&h "# A$ollo) "n then then relo" relo" the the ,ile ,ile u#in. u#in. B?ATAB/ hen oin. thi# ju#t be be &"re,ul &"re,ul not not to " or re'o%e "n+ &"r# $rior to the reue#t# ,or #t"ti#ti&"l t"bul"tion #in&e the &"r &"r nu'ber nu'ber o, the ,ir#t ,ir#t reue# reue#t t ,or #t"ti# #t"ti#ti& ti&"l "l t"bul" t"bul"tio tion n 'u#t 'u#t re'"in re'"in un&h"n.e/ The !TP it#el, onl+ $ro%ie# ,or <T6 &h"r"&ter out$ut o, the #t"ti#ti&"l re#ult#/ re#ult#/ :ut u#er# u#er# o, " ,leCible ,leCible ork#t" ork#t"tion tion #u&h #u&h "# A$ollo A$ollo #houl #houl h"%e the the ni&er ni&er %e&tor-. %e&tor-.r"$h r"$hi& i& "ltern"t "ltern"ti%e i%e th"nk# th"nk# to the in#$ir"t in#$ir"tion ion "n re#e"r&h re#e"r&h o, !r/\ !r/\/ /\ \/ / !i&h !i&hel eli# i# o, I!A I!A (Arn (Arnhe he' ' The\ The\e eth ther erl" l"n n#) #)/ / Thi# Thi# in%o in%ol% l%e# e# the the #i'ult"n #i'ult"neou# eou# u#".e u#".e o, " #e$"r"te #e$"r"te #u$$orti #u$$ortin. n. $ro.r"' $ro.r"' B@TATP<T B@TATP<TB B "n B&ut "n $"#teB $"#teB &"$"bilit &"$"bilit+ + o, the o$er"tin. o$er"tin. #+#te' #+#te' #o,t"re/ #o,t"re/ or et"il# et"il# re,er re,er to the A$ollo @e&tion --1/ The ter'in"tion o, " !onte "rlo #tu+ ill e$en u$on h"t 'ore the u#er "nt# "nt# b+ "+ o, out$ut out$ut/ / #in. #in. @P @P the u#er u#er ill ,ro' ,ro' ti'e ti'e to ti'e i##ue i##ue " B?B B?B &o''"n &o''"n in orer orer to #ee #ee ho ho #'oot #'ooth h re#ult re#ult# # h"%e h"%e be&o' be&o'e/ e/ n&e he i# i# #"ti#,ie th"t i#tribution# "re &lo#e to "##+'$toti& li'it# it onl+ re'"in# to be e&ie e&ie ho eCe&ut eCe&ution ion i# to be ter'in ter'in"te "te/ / The ui&ke ui&ke#t #t "+ oul oul be "n o$er"tin. #+#te' interru$t %i" the ke+bo"r (e/./ KA=K!@ TR<- or A$ollo TR
20


H16

21

",ter &o'$letion &o'$letion o, the &urrent &urrent ener.i*"tion/ ener.i*"tion/ Thi# nu'ber nu'ber #houl be one o, o, the l"#t l"#t out$ out$ut ut# # to < <T6 T6 ("t ("t the the en en o, the the l"#t l"#t line line th"t th"t be.i be.in# n#F F BR"n BR"no o' ' #it&hin #it&hin. . ti'e# ,or ener.i ener.i*"ti *"tion on nu'berB) nu'berB)/ / The ,in"l ,in"l &on#ier"t &on#ier"tion ion i# "bout "bout $o##ible $o##ible t"ble t"ble #"%in./ #"%in./ R"ther R"ther th"n enin. enin. eCe&ution eCe&ution e,init e,initi%el i%el+ + one &"n $ut the !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion into hibern"tion b+ #ettin. !!@AK\J\1 "t the #"'e ti'e R; i# "ltere i, the the in$ut "t" (inte.er 'i#&ell"neou# 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r) i not #et thi# #it&h "t the %er+ #t"rt/ =K--9/

!"the'"ti&# ithin o''"n ile#F

BAPP?B

The BAPP?B &o''"n $ro%ie# " ."te"+ to '"the'"ti&# "t the @P &o''"n le%e le%el/ l/ Alth Althou ou.h .h 'u&h 'u&h 'ore 'ore i# $o## $o##ib ible le  "n "n eCte eCten# n#io ion# n# '"+ be 'ore ,ull+ ,ull+ e%e e%elo lo$e $e  in the the +e"r +e"r# # "he" "he"  the the o'i o'in" n"nt nt $re# $re#en ent t u#e u#e i# ,or ,or &oun &ounti tin. n.  in&re'en in&re'entin. tin.  &o'$"rin &o'$"rin. . "n ju'$in. ju'$in. --- the in.reie in.reient# nt# reuire reuire ,or loo$in. loo$in. ithin &o''"n ,ile# "n the 'oi,i&"tion o, !TP "t" ithin #u&h " loo$/ %en %en be,o be,ore re &on# &on#i ier erin in. . h"t h"t "n+ "n+ o, the the et" et"il il# # 'e"n 'e"n  it 'i.h 'i.ht t be in,or'"ti%e to look "t " #i'$le #i'$le eC"'$le/ The #t"n"r &o''"n ,ile <@P8/?AT <@P8/?AT $ro%ie# "n illu#tr"tionF APP? S ##ue @P &o''"n to enter the orl o, BAPP?B #ub&o''"n# ! S on,ir' e "re in#ie BAPP?B b+ i#$l"+ o, $o##ible #ub&o''"n# @T PRJ4 <J1 KA
;T @ I<<

@? !P A?? @: AR? I

? !< TA;@

<: ?K !

<I P

!AP @T

hile thi# i# "n i'$o#in. li#t it i# $o##ible to uner#t"n the o%er"ll ie" r"ther ui&kl+ b+ 'e"n# o, " ,e eC"'$le# "n the #u''"r+ e#&ri$tion o, " ,e .ener"l &l"##e# o, o$er"tion/


H16

here"# re.i#ter# "re re,erre to b+ nu'ber 'o#t o,ten onl+ to re.i#ter# "re in%ol%e/ in%ol%e/ or eC"'$le eC"'$le one &"n " the &ontent &ontent o, one re.i#ter to "nother or one "#k# "#k# hether one re.i#ter re.i#ter i# eu"l eu"l to "nother/ "nother/ or 'o#t #u&h u#".e u#".e the to re.i#ter# o, intere#t "re re,erre to "# $ri'"r+ "n #e&on"r+ re.i#ter# re#$ re#$e& e&ti ti%e %el+ l+/ / @+'b @+'bol ol# # "re "re u#e u#e in th"t th"t the u#er u#er ,ir#t ,ir#t e,i e,ine ne# # the# the#e e to to re.i#ter# u#in. Bt".#B #u&h "# PRJ3 "n @J4 (to h"%e re.i#ter nu'ber 3 be the $ri'"r+ $ri'"r+ re.i#te re.i#ter r "n re.i#ter re.i#ter nu'ber nu'ber 4 be the #e&on"r+ #e&on"r+ re.i#te re.i#ter/ r/ ther ther t".# "re $o##ible "# illu#tr"te b+ the ,olloin. BAPP?B line th"t u#e# ,our t".# to e#&ribe "n "ition o$er"tionF A??

PRJ34

@J44

<J3

J1

The BA??B i# the BAPP?B &o''"n ,or "ition ith the ,our t".# .i%in. the lo&"tion lo&"tion "n "n eCtent eCtent o, thi# o$er"tio o$er"tion/ n/ Ke&tor# Ke&tor# "re in%ol%e in%ol%e  "n the t". <J3 <J3 #"+# th"t the#e the#e "re o, len.th len.th three/ three/ u#t "# RTRA RTRA  ?-loo$ ?-loo$# # &"n #ki$ &ell# #o &"n #u&h %e&tor o$er"tion# "lthou.h #u&h i# not bein. one in thi# eC"'$l eC"'$le e (the (the t". J1 J1 #"+# #"+# th"t th"t &on#e& &on#e&uti uti%e %e re.i#t re.i#ter# er# "re in%ol% in%ol%e/ e/ :+ e,inition o, the "ition &o''"n the $ri'"r+ re.i#ter i# to h"%e the #e&on"r+ re.i re.i#t #ter er "e "e to it/ Hen& Hen&e e re.i#t re.i#ter er# # 44 44 45 "n 46 "re to be "e "e  to re.i#ter# 34 34 35 "n 36 36 re#$e&ti%el+/ re#$e&ti%el+/ T".# 'u#t be #e$"r"te ,ro' ,ro' the &o''"n &o''"n (i, "n+M "n+M here here ,ro' the BA??B) "n ,ro' ,ro' e"&h e"&h other b+ one one or 'ore bl"nk#/ The &o''"n (i, "n+) 'u#t &o'e ,ir#t "n 'u#t be.in in &olu'n &olu'n one/ There",ter t".# &"n be $l"&e in "n+ orer "n "re ,ree-,or'"t (eC&e$t th"t i'bee bl"nk# ithin " t". "re not "lloe #in&e bl"nk# ter'in"te one t". "n #t"rt "nother)/ BB\\u#".e "llo# ,or the &onition"l eCe&ution o, the ,olloin. &o''"n i, "n onl+ i, the &ontent o, the $ri'"r+ re.i#ter i# rel"te to the &ontent o, the #e&on"r #e&on"r+ + re.i#ter re.i#ter b+ the "$$ro$ri" "$$ro$ri"te te rel"tion rel"tion"l "l o$er"tor/ o$er"tor/ enti&" enti&"l l to RTRA #iC rel"tion"l o$er"tor# "re re&o.ni*eF /
/</

//

/O/

/;/

/;T/

"n the#e the#e 'u#t "$$e"r "$$e"r #o'eh #o'ehere ere to to the ri.ht ri.ht o, BB (" t". t". i# not u#e u#e ,or ,or the#e the#e o$er"to o$er"tor# r# note)/ note)/ u#t be #ure #ure th"t th"t the the rel"tio rel"tion"l n"l o$er" o$er"tor tor h"# h"# one one or 'ore bl"nk# be,ore "n ",ter it "n no i'bee bl"nk# (beteen the bounin. $erio#)/ A# "n illu#tr"tion illu#tr"tion &on#ierF 

PRJ4 /
Thi# i# eui%"lent to the RTRA &onition  ( R;(PR) /
22


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23

The The ,ir# ,ir#t t o, the# the#e e i# the the to$ to$ o, the the loo$ loo$  "n "n i# ien ienti ti,i ,ie e b+ the the &h"r"&te &h"r"&ter r #trin. B3478B B3478B/ / The line line it#el, it#el, reue#t# reue#t# the "itio "ition n o, re.i#ter re.i#ter nu'ber nu'ber 5 to re.i#t re.i#ter er nu'ber nu'ber 4/ The #e&on #e&on line line in%ol%e# in%ol%e# "n un&oni un&onitio tion"l n"l tr"n#,er tr"n#,er o, @P &ontrol &ontrol to the ,ir#t ,ir#t line/ line/ The t". B<J1B B<J1B #et# the %e&tor %e&tor len.th to unit+ ,or the ju#t-e#&ribe ju#t-e#&ribe re.i#ter re.i#ter "ition/ "ition/ :+ &o'binin. &o'binin. inte.er inte.er &ountin. ith BB "n B;TB one h"# " loo$ o, &our#e/ BA??B B@:B B!
R;(PRNI) J R;(PRNI) N R;(@NI) R;(PRNI) J R;(PRNI) - R;(@NI) R;(PRNI) J R;(PRNI) > R;(@NI)/ R;(PRNI) J R;(PRNI)  R;(@NI)/ or #&"l"r o$er"tion# (the &o''on &"#e) BIB oul be *ero in the#e e,intion# "n there oul be no loo$ in&re'entin. it/ B<:B\\i# u#e to "$$l+ " libr"r+ ,un&tion to re.i#ter# be.innin. ith the $ri'"r+ $ri'"r+ re.i#ter re.i#ter/ / The B<JB B<JB t". &ontrol# &ontrol# the nu'ber nu'ber o, re.i#ter re.i#ter# # in thi# %e&tor "$$li&"tion/ "$$li&"tion/ A# ,or the ,un&tion it i# #ele&te b+ " BJB t". ith the ,olloin. &hoi&e# "lloe to the ri.ht o, the eu"l #i.nF B=PB B@ORTB BRAB BT!B B@B BPB BA:@B BTB

-----------------

the !TP libr"r+ ,un&tion B=PLB (eC$onenti"l)M (eC$onenti" l)M the !TP libr"r+ ,un&tion B@ORTLB (#u"re root)M the !TP libr"r+ ,un&tion BRA?!B (r"no' nu'ber)M the &urrent !TP #i'ul"tion ti'e T in #e&on#M the !TP libr"r+ ,un&tion B@LB (&o#ine)M the &ir&ul"r &on#t"nt eu"l to 3/14159265 /// the !TP libr"r+ ,un&tion BA:@LB ("b#olute %"lue)M inte.er trun&"tion (re'o%"l o, ,r"&tion"l $"rt)/

, the re"er]# ,"%orite ,un&tion i# 'i##in. &o'$l"in #in&e it i# tri%i"l to eC$"n the #et "rbitr"ril+ (onl+ 2 line# o, RTRA "re reuire ,or e"&h ,un&tion)/ B@TB\\"llo# B@TB\\"llo# the u#er u#er to lo" re.i#ter# ith &on#t"nt#/ &on#t"nt#/ Thi# i# " %e&tor o$er"tio o$er"tion n be.innin. be.innin. ith ith the $ri'"r+ $ri'"r+ re.i#ter/ re.i#ter/ The %"lue %"lue o, the &on#t"nt &on#t"nt i# e,ine u#in. the BKA
14

BIB\\" BIB\\"llo llo# # re.i#ter re.i#ter e,initio e,inition n ,ro' the ke+bo"r/ ke+bo"r/ Thi# oul oul nor'"ll+ nor'"ll+ onl+ be u#e in the 'ile 'ile o, " &o''"n &o''"n ,ile/ Three t".# &ontrol the o$er"tion/ o$er"tion/ ir#t BPRJB "n B<JB e,ine the r"n.e o, &onti.uou# re.i#ter# (" %e&tor)


H16

"n "l#o the nu'ber o, ,ree-,or'"t %"lue# th"t "re to be re" ,ro' the ke+bo"r/ in"ll+ B!@JB e,ine# " $ro'$t o, u$ to 80 &olu'n# ithout "n+ i'bee bl"nk#/ ithout #u&h " $ro'$t the !TP u#er 'i.ht not kno th"t he "# #u$$o#e to ke+ #o'e nu'ber#/ r in the &"#e o, to or 'ore reue#t# he 'i.ht not kno hi&h o, the 'ulti$le in$ut# "# in%ol%e/ A# " e.ener"te #$e&i"l &"#e o, BIB u#".e r"ther th"n ,ro' the ke+bo"r the reuire in$ut &"n be re" ,ro' the ,olloin. BAPP?B line (o, " &o''"n ,ile nor'"ll+)/ #e B!@JB "# #$e&i"l reue#t ,or thi# in-line "t" hi&h '"+ #o'eti'e# be #i'$ler or &le"rer th"n the u#e o, B@TB ,or lo"in. re.i#ter# ith nu'eri&"l %"lue#/ BAR?B\\"llo# the nu'eri& 'oi,i&"tion o, #o'e "t" ,iel o, " .rou$ o, !TP "t" &"r# th"t &urrentl+ i# #tore in the &"r &"&he o, <T10/ The #iC reuire inte.er $"r"'eter# &o'e ,ro' t".# "# ,ollo#F PR --@ :; ? !? < 

-------------

u'ber o, the re.i#ter th"t i# to be u#e/ The nu'eri& &ontent# o, thi# "re to be en&oe on " "t" &"r/ <T10 nu'ber o, the &"r "t hi&h 'oi,i&"tion# be.in/ :e.innin. &olu'n nu'ber o, the "t" ,iel to be e,ine/ nin. &olu'n nu'ber o, the "t" ,iel to be e,ine/ !oe o, the nu'eri& en&oin.F 0JRe"l 1Jnte.er/ The nu'ber o, &on#e&uti%e &"r# to be #o 'oi,ie/ To in&re'ent PR in &"#e# o, < X 1 #o th"t the nu'ber bein. e$o#ite i# %"rie "# the &"r i#/

t i# in &onjun&tion ith the B:;B &o''"n o, @P th"t thi# BAR?B #ub&o''"n o, BAPP?B ill nor'"ll+ be u#e/ The &on&e$t i# #i'$le enou.h/ here"# B?P@TB "llo# the "rbitr"r+ t"'$erin. ith !TP t"ble# #o'e netork $"r"'eter# "re burie #o "# to be in"&&e##ible ithin the ti'e-#te$ loo$/ A# " re#ult it i# not $o##ible to &h"n.e #u&h $"r"'eter# "# " #i'ul"tion i# "%"n&in./ :ut it i# $o##ible to re#t"rt #u&h " #i'ul"tion "t ti'e *ero ith "ltere "t"/ Thi# &"n "ll be one "uto'"ti&"ll+ ith " &o''"n ,ile/ Ki" "rith'eti& o, BAPP?B the neCt e#ire %"lue o, #o'e netork $"r"'eter i# &o'$ute/ Thi# %"lue then i# e$o#ite on the &"r i'".e o, intere#t ",ter hi&h the #olution &"n be re#t"rte/ The re#ult i# uite "rbitr"r+ $"r"'etri& #tuie# --- "n enor'ou# eCten#ion o%er the one #u&h #$e&i"li*e "$$li&"tion th"t h"# been h"r-&oe into !TP RTRAF !onte "rlo #tuie#)/ A# "n eC"'$le o, $r"&ti&"l intere#t &on#ier %"ri"tion o, the inu&t"n&e o, " #'oothin. re"&tor o, "n h%& ,ilter/ An illu#tr"tion h"# been built into <@P5/?AT (BQ5B)/ B!APB B<A?B BTB BI<
24


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25

u#er to #$e&i,+ "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, be.innin. "n enin. ti'e# "n be.innin. "n enin. $"r"'eter %"lue# ,or line"r %"ri"tion# th"t ill o&&ur e"&h ti'e #te$/ @tor".e ,or #u&h u#".e i# "$$ene to the /!/\orkin. #$"&e ",ter "n+ nor'"l '"&hine #tor".e #o "n+ #u&h inten#i%e u#er 'i.ht &on#ier "u.'entin.
BRA!PB

"n the#e "re ne#te in the orer

@PF RA!P @? BT-be.inB BT-enB (? @H R?) F @? B-be.inB B-enB (?) F @? !TP KARA:<F A&tu"ll+ the ,in"l $ro'$t i# ,ro' B?P@TB to hi&h thi# BRA!PB lo.i& ju'$# in orer to in$ut "n ienti,+ the %"ri"ble/ u#t "# ith B?P@TB " %e&tor re#$on#e i# "&&e$t"ble/ An eC"'$le oul be BT=(3F5)B hi&h oul re#ult in the #i'ult"neou# r"'$in. o, three &on#e&uti%e &ell# o, the T= %e&tor/ The orer o, ne#tin. i# intention"l/ K"ri"ble# &"n be #$e&i,ie one ",ter the other "# lon. "# both ti'e (the outer loo$) "n r"'$ %"lue (the 'ile loo$) re'"in "$$li&"ble/ hen thi# &e"#e# to be true #en B?B in re#$on#e to th"t inner-'o#t $ro'$t "n there ill be " return to the 'ile $ro'$t ,or be.innin. "n enin. $"r"'eter %"lue#/ , the#e BB %"lue# "re &h"n.e there ill be "n


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"uto'"ti& return to the inner le%el ,or 'ore %"ri"ble#/ n the other h"n i, ti'e# 'u#t be &h"n.e or i, the u#er i# one #$e&i,+in. r"'$# #enin. B?B in re#$on#e to the 'ile $ro'$t ill return to the outer $ro'$t ,or ti'e#/ To er"#e "ll $re%iou# u#".e #en BR?B/ To $rou&e " #u''"r+ t"ble o, "ll r"'$# #en B@HB o, hi&h the ,olloin. i# "n illu#tr"tionF Ro 1 2

"'e -be.
t i# "l"+# $ruent to $rou&e thi# out$ut "# the %er+ l"#t o$er"tion $rior to returnin. to the B@PFB $ro'$t (b+ #enin. either B@PB or B?B)/ Thi# i# be&"u#e it i# 'u&h e"#ier to #$ot error# ,ro' #u&h " t"ble th"n it i# b+ re%iein. the %olu'inou# in$ut/ ote th"t here"# the u#er in$ut# be.innin. "n enin. #ub#&ri$t# the t"ble #ho the be.innin. ineC (unit+ ,or " #&"l"r) "n the len.th o, the %e&tor th"t i# bein. r"'$e/ The ,in"l line re'in# the u#er o, hen the ,ir#t r"'$ ill be.in "n the l"#t r"'$ ill en/ =K--11/

tilitie#F

HA?; T! @L <!T HI H AT D @

BHA?;B\\i# the &o''"n to $rou&e " ne he"in. ,or the ti'e-#te$ loo$ out$ut in the <T6 ino/ t '"+ be th"t the u#er h"# '"n+ out$ut %"ri"ble# "n &"n not re'e'ber hi&h i# hi&h/ %en i, the ino &"n be #&rolle b"&k"r to ,in the nor'"l he"in. it '"+ be 'ore &on%enient ju#t to re.ener"te the he"in. %i" thi# &o''"n/ BT!B\\i# $ri'"ril+ e#i.ne to #ho the &urrent #i'ul"tion ti'e T (" %"ri"ble o, B:
T!A= J 0/1000N20

?
07/58/44

B@LB\\"n\\B<!TB\\"re to #i'$le utilitie# rel"te to !TP
6 -9999 6

2 -9999 1

9 -9999 -9999

0 0 -9999

695 0 -9999

0 0

1 23

10 0

500 5000 4000

100 -9999 3

2500 -9999 400

40 40 50

1375 4 50

1750 5

75 1600

160 660

BHIB\\ i# the @P &o''"n th"t rin.# the bell o, the &o'$uter 'onitor/ The ,olloin. inte.er #e$"r"te b+ "t le"#t one bl"nk ini&"te# the "'$litue o, the "lert/ !ore et"il "bout thi# i# i'$o##ible ue to the in#t"ll"tione$enent n"ture o, the #er%i&in. @:RT HIR/ An illu#tr"tion ,ollo#F @PF HI 5


@? @KRT <K<  A<RT (1 T 10) F 3 Auible "l"r' be."n "t 02-A$r-88 23/17/38

H16

5

27

bell#/

The &on%ention i# th"t *ero $rou&e# no re#$on#e hile 10 ini&"te# " i#"#ter (ith thi# l"tter "rnin. &ontinuin. ine,initel+ until #u#$ene b+ " u#er-ke+e interru$t)/ The u#er ill nor'"ll+ "%oi the u#e o, ten hi&h "# e#i.ne ,or intern"ll+-.ener"te $ro.r"' "l"r'# (e/./ hen $ro.r"' #tor".e ,or $lot "t" h"# o%er,loe)/ A# ,or the 'oe o, u#".e o, BHIB it ill "l'o#t "l"+# be in " &o''"n ,ile ,or tho#e &"#e# here there i# " nee or e#ire to "ttr"&t the "ttention o, the o$er"tor (ho '"+ not be lookin. "t the 'onitor)/ BHB\\i# e#i.ne to "&&u'ul"te ke+bo"r in$ut urin. te#tin. #o th"t on&e "n inter"&ti%e &ontrol #euen&e i# $er,e&te " &o''"n ,ile &"n be e#t"bli#he ithout the ne&e##it+ o, reke+in. "ll o, the &o''"n#/ Al#o BHB $ro%ie# " %er+ &o'$"&t hi#tor+ o, h"t the u#er h"# been oin./ An illu#tr"tion ,ollo#F @PF H @? ?@R? PRAT (:; < @H) F @H o'$"&te li#tin. (beteen BB) o, 21 #tore &o''"n# ,ollo#/  T!  :RAH  A<<  @P  <@  TP 1  Q1  HA?;  <@T  255260  @P  @L  <@T  15  @P  <!T  :RAI  -150  ;  H  @H @? ?@R? PRAT (:; < @H) F n thi# &"#e BHB "# ,ir#t reue#te #o'e 21 @P &o''"n# e"rlier hen @P in$ut be."n to "&&u'ul"te/ At th"t ,ir#t u#".e the re#$on#e to the $ro'$t "# B:;B --- to be.in the "&&u'ul"tion/ Thi# ti'e the reue#t "# to B@HB the "&&u'ul"tion to "te/ To ter'in"te #u&h "&&u'ul"tion #en B<B/ There ill be "n o$$ortunit+ to #"%e the "&&u'ul"tion in " i#k ,ile but thi# $rob"bl+ oul ne%er be 'o#t &on%enient ,or the or#t"tion u#er h"%in. B&ut "n $"#teB &"$"bilit+/ , no i#k ,ile i# e#ire #en ju#t " WRX in re#$on#e to the $ro'$t ,or " ,ile n"'e/ BDB\\i# the @P &o''"n to #en the in$ut line into B!A;B ,or $ro&e##in. "# " &on%ention"l D-&"r o, b"t&h-'oe u#".e (#ee @e&tion -?)/ nl+ the oll"r #i.n in &olu'n 1 i# '"n"tor+ ith "ll other &h"r"&ter# o, the line le,t ,or B!A;B u#".e/ or "n illu#tr"tion u#e BQ9B (<@P9/?AT)/ The 'o#t &o''on u#".e i# to turn on ?A;@T $rintout %i" the D?:; &o''"n/ BATB\\i# the &o''"n ,or "ll "#$e&t# o, $ro.r"' eCe&ution to hibern"te ,or " ,iCe $erio o, ti'e/ The u#er 'erel+ ,ollo# the reue#t or b+ the e#ire el"+ T-el"+ in #e&on# #e$"r"te b+ one or 'ore bl"nk#/ The ,olloin. illu#tr"tion i# t+$i&"lF @PF AT 3 The BT?
el"+ ill be "&&o'$li#he o, T R<1/

ithin

in#t"ll"tion-e$enent

,un&tion

B@B\\i# the &o''"n ,or the eCe&ution o, "n o$er"tin. #+#te' &o''"n b+ @P/ t i# hi.hl+ in#t"ll"tion-e$enent #in&e not "ll &o'$uter# "llo #u&h ,leCibilit+ "n not "ll $ro.r"' %er#ion# $ro%ie ,or it/ or eC"'$le the A$ollo $ro.r"' %er#ion h"# no #u&h ,e"ture but nee# none #in&e the o$er"tin. #+#te' $ro%ie# ino# in hi&h the u#er &"n eCe&ute "n+ o$er"tin. #+#te' &o''"n o, intere#t "# the !TP eCe&ute#/ n the other h"n the @ %er#ion i# ,ull+ e'$oere "n #ee'# "ble to eCe&ute "n+ = &o''"n %i" B@B/ @i'il"rl+ the P =T-&o'$"tible %er#ion u#in. <"he+ RTRA #ee'# "ble to eCe&ute "n+ !@-?@ &o''"n/ , in oubt "bout the &o'$uter #+#te' o, intere#t &on#ult the "$$ro$ri"te in#t"ll"tion-e$enent $".e# o, @e&tion - or eC$eri'ent ith the


H16

,e"ture ("n+ &o'$uter h"%in. no #u&h &"$"bilit+ #houl i#$l"+ " 'e##".e "bout un"%"il"bilit+)/ B?:;B\\i# the &o''"n to turn on the i".no#ti& $rintout o, @P onl+/ Thi# e,ine# %"ri"ble PR@P/ The initi"l %"lue &o'e# ,ro' @TARTP/ Althou.h there i# #o'e o%erl"$ note th"t in .ener"l i".no#ti& o, @P i# i,,erent th"n i".no#ti& o, the #i'ul"tion h"l,/ To &ontrol the l"tter ,ro' @P #en BD?:; le%elB/ BTB\\i# the &o''"n to 'oi,+ the $rintout ,reuen&+ (hi&h i# #tore in the RTRA %"ri"ble o, the #"'e n"'e)/ ollo thi# &o''"n b+ the e#ire ne out$ut ,reuen&+ #e$"r"te ,ro' the &o''"n b+ one or 'ore bl"nk#/ =K--12/

BTA@B F

;"te"+ to on&urrent @euenti"l Pro&e##in. (@P)

Althou.h #till the #ubje&t o, re#e"r&h "n eC$eri'ent"tion the &on&e$t o, on&urrent @euenti"l Pro&e##in. (@P) i# i'$ort"nt enou.h to e#er%e 'ention/ The @P &o''"n th"t $ro%ie# "&&e## to thi# ,e"ture i# BTA@B/ The .ener"l &on&e$t o, @P i# #i'$le enou.hF Allo the u#er to #en "rbitr"r+ !TP %"ri"ble# to TA@ e"&h ti'e #te$ ,or $ro&e##in. "# #u$$le'ent"l %"ri"ble#/ Al#o "llo hi' to brin. b"&k the TA@ re#ult# e"&h ti'e #te$ "n "$$l+ tho#e re#ult# to "rbit"r+ %"ri"ble#/ The u#e o, #u&h &o'$ut"tion e%er+ ti'e #te$ eC$l"in# the "je&ti%e B&on&urrentB "n B#euenti"lB &o'e# ,ro' the ,"&t th"t thi# i# "n inherent re#tri&tion o, TA@ #u$$le'ent"l %"ri"ble#/ ntr+ to #u''"ri*eF

BTA@B

re%e"l#

#e%er"l o$tion# hi&h

no ill

be brie,l+

@PF TA@ @? TR< (R? @R @PP<!TA< PATH @H ?) F @enin. BR?B ill er"#e "ll $re%iou# #u&h e,inition# #o th"t e,inition# ill be.in ,ro' le%el *ero/ , B@RB i# #ent "ll ,olloin. in$ut i# "##u'e to be TA@ #our&e &"r# until ter'in"te b+ "n B?B &"r/ , B@PP<!TA
28


=K--13/

@er%i&in. U h"n.e#F

R!



H16

ATR

29



?ue to $r"&ti&"l &o'$li&"tion# the $rou&tion u#er 'o#t likel+ ill h"%e no eC$li&it '"nu"l u#e ,or the ,our @P &o''"n# o, thi# $re#ent #e&tion (#ee the he"in.)/ The+ "re "##o&i"te ith re,or'in. the no"l "'itt"n&e '"triC U o, the ti'e-#te$ loo$ "n ith retri"n.ul"ri*in. it/ n ie"li#ti& theor+ hene%er the u#er 'oi,ie# the &o'$uter #tor".e o, #o'e netork $"r"'eter (e/./ b+ u#in. B?P@TB or @P o, BTA@B or " #+n&hroni*e $"r"llel $ro&e## o, BAPP?B) he #houl h"%e U re,or'e "n "l#o retri"n.ul"ri*e/ Then "ll oul be ell ,ore%er ",ter ri.htE Ri.ht in theor+ but ron. in $r"&ti&e to"+ un,ortun"tel+/ ?ue to the e$enen&e o, other $ro.r"' %"ri"ble# on the one bein. &h"n.e b+ @P #u&h re,or'"tion o, U &"n onl+ be #u&&e##,ul in &ert"in &"#e#/ t ill t"ke " lot o, re$ro.r"''in. be,ore the ti'e #te$ ?
$SPY

and

$SPYEND

There i# " b"t&h-'oe &onne&tion to @P ,or tho#e u#er# ho &"n ,ore#ee "ll et"il# o, @P in$ut in "%"n&e be,ore !TP eCe&ution be.in#/ or eC"'$le " u#er otheri#e 'i.ht h"%e no intere#t in inter"&ti%e ob#er%"tion "n &ontrol/ Hoe%er @P 'i.ht $ro%ie #o'e #$e&i"l &ontrol th"t 'i.ht be neee ,or the "t" &"#e o, intere#t/ A #e&on eC"'$le o, u#e,ulne## i# ,or the o&u'ent"tion o, @P &"$"bilit+ u#in. #t"n"r te#t &"#e#/ The u#er i# re,erre to :H!ARI ?-56 "n ?-57 "# illu#tr"tion#/ D@P\\(ke+e in &olu'n# 1-4 o, "n !TP "t" &"r) i# the ke+ th"t "llo# @P &o''"n# to 'iCe ith nor'"l !TP "t"/ Thi# reue#t 'u#t $re&ee " blo&k o, @P &o''"n# "n D@P? 'u#t ,ollo th"t blo&k to '"rk the en/ A# "n illu#tr"tion o, #u&h u#".e &on#ier "t" &"r# eCtr"&te ,ro' :H!ARI ?-56F 14; 70/ /1591549 -1/ D@P S Reue#t o, B!A;B (D-&"r) to be.in b"t&h-'oe @P &onne&tion D?:; 0 S 1#t @P &o''"n i# tri%i"l ine,,e&ti%e &h"n.e o, ?A;@T JJJW W t&/ (#o'e 56 line# h"%e been o'itte to #"%e #$"&e) X XJJJ :RAI S t i# the l"tterF no 'ore BQB &"r# re" until B:RAIB o&&ur# T! S Tri%i"l @P &o''"n ju#t to e'on#tr"te th"t e h"%e B@PFB $ro'$t @TP S Thi# @P &o''"n ill ter'in"te eCe&ution o, the "t" &"#e D@P? S :oun on in-line @P &o''"n#M b"&k to b"t&h-'oe $ro.r"' "t" :

DP

TJ17

@TAT@J
H16

<J@P<1/?AT

hi&h ill o, &our#e be #er%i&e b+ B!A;B/ Thi# re"ll+ i# ju#t " #$e&i"l &onne&tion ,or h"t otheri#e oul be " @P &o''"n ,ile (BQB u#".e) ithout "r.u'ent#/ ote the u#e o, ,iCe  &h"nnel nu'ber\17 --- i,,erent ,ro' "n+ other $ro.r"' u#".e (to "%oi &on,li&t#) $ro%ie the u#er "%oi# thi# nu'ber in hi# @TARTP ,ile e&l"r"tion# ,or <T1 et&/ The lo&"tion o, D@P u#".e ithin "n !TP "t" &"#e i# &riti&"l #in&e thi# e,ine# the $oint "t hi&h the $ro.r"' be.in# re"in. the @P &o''"n#/ Thi# oe# not i'$l+ th"t "ll @P &o''"n# ill be re" "t thi# $oint hoe%er/ The u#er .ener"ll+ ill el"+ the in$ut o, other &o''"n# b+ #o'e e%i&e #u&h "# " B:RAIB &o''"n ,olloe b+ BATB "n B:RAIB (to inhibit ,urther in$ut until the bre"k $oint h"# been re"&he)/ A .oo illu#tr"tion i# $ro%ie b+ :H!ARI ?-56/ t i# $o##ible to h"%e 'ulti$le D@P "n D@P? e&l"r"tion# i, thi# $ro%e# to be ne&e##"r+/ The $re#ent $ro.r"' li'it i# nine ue to the #in.le #eri"li*"tion i.it th"t ,ollo# B@P<B "# eC$l"ine "bo%e/ There i# no nee to be #ure th"t one .rou$ o, @P &o''"n# i# eCh"u#te be,ore the neCt .rou$ i# reue#te #in&e the $ro.r"' h"nle# the tr"n#ition b+ brute ,or&e/ Prior to the &onne&tin. o, " ne B@P<B in B!A;B "n+ ol one i# i#&onne&te --hether or not "ll re&or# h"%e been re" ,ro' the ol ,ile/ An illu#tr"tion o, 'ulti$le D@P e&l"r"tion# &"n be ,oun in :H!ARI ?-57/ . Use of SPY "PLOT" Instead of Separate Program

"TPLOT"

A #$e&i"l ne e.ener"te "$$li&"tion o, B@PB h"# nothin. to o ith #i'ul"tion/ R"ther it &on&ern# the $lottin. o, $re&ein. #i'ul"tion# -- " ,un&tion th"t $re%iou#l+ reuire " #e$"r"te #$e&i"l $lottin. $ro.r"' BTPP<TB/ A #e$"r"te $ro.r"' no lon.er i# neee "n in '"n+ &"#e# i# no lon.er e#ire/ hile the re"er &oul le"rn thi# ne u#".e o, the !TP on hi# on ,ro' the et"ile in,or'"tion o, @e&tion =K- it i# i'$ort"nt enou.h to e#er%e #$e&i"l 'ention in thi# #$e&i"l #e&tion/ #".e o, the !TP ju#t "# " $lottin. $ro.r"' h"# the "%"nt".e o, #$eeier re#$on#e ,or the $lottin. o, l"r.e "t" ,ile#/ R"ther th"n in$ut "t" $oint# o, &ur%e# ,ro' i#k "# the+ "re neee (hi&h i# the BTPP<TB "$$ro"&h) the !TP lo"# the &ontent# o, " B/P<4B $lot ,ile into 'e'or+ "t the %er+ #t"rt/ Then in$ut i# either ,ro' 'e'or+ or %i" $".in. (%irtu"l 'e'or+ '"n".e'ent) hi&h i# "n orer o, '".nitue ,"#ter th"n RTRA RA? o$er"tion# ,ro' "n  unit/ or bi. "t" &"#e# thi# &"n #"%e " lot o, ti'e #o i# orth &on#ierin./ The re"ll+ #eriou# u#er '"+ e%en "nt to &re"te " #$e&i"l !TP %er#ion in hi&h the #i'ul"tion &oe h"# been &ut out in orer to re'o%e the buren o, "ll th"t eCtr" &oe "n t"ble #$"&e thereb+ "lloin. the eC$"n#ion o, $lottin. #$"&e ithout ,urther burenin. the &o'$uter/ Plottin. %i" the !TP i# #i'$le enou.h/ :e.in !TP eCe&ution "n #ele&t @P o, &our#e/ Then ke+ the ,olloin. @P &o''"n# in orerF 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

?ATA --- Reue#t o, !TP ,or #$e&i,i&"tion o, i#k ,ile i#kZ,ile --- &ont"in# " #in.le DP &"r (#ee belo) @TP --- n#tru&t @P to h"lt the #i'ul"tion e%er+here ; --- :e.in !TP eCe&ution/ Re$e"t thi# 4 ti'e#Y @PA --- @P &o''"n "lloin. '"n".e'ent o, 'e'or+ P<T --- t i# $lot "t" #tor".e th"t e ill '"n".e RA? --- e "nt to re" $lot "t" $oint# into 'e'or+ A<< --- Ti'e r"n.e o, "t" to be lo"e (the hole ,ile) 1 --- H"nle e%er+ -th ti'e #te$ here  J 1 here 0 --- o o,,#et ,or 'e'or+ #tor".e o, the $lot "t"

30


11) @P

---

H16

31

A,ter $lot $oint# "re "ll lo"e eCit to B@PFB

or "n illu#tr"tion o, #u&h eCe&ution th"t &onne&t# "n lo"# the $lot "t" o, the ,ile n"'e ?3T54/P<4 (&re"te b+ #ol%in. :H!ARI ?-3) #en the @P &o''"n BQ0B "# the ,ir#t @P in$ut/ Th"t i# in#$e&t "n te#t the &o''"n ,ile <@P0/?AT the l"#t entr+ o, the B<@B i#$l"+/ The i#k ,ile th"t i# n"'e in #te$\2 &ont"in# ju#t " #in.le &"rF " DP #t"te'ent th"t &onne&t# the e#ire B/P<4B i#k ,ile o, r" $lot "t" $oint# to unit <T4/ The 'ulti$le B;B &o''"n# 'erel+ #er%e to #te$ $"#t un"nte @P bre"k $oint# to here !TP "t" nor'"ll+ #houl be re" in TP o%erl"+ nu'ber 1/ The ne-&"#e he"in. #houl "$$e"r "n ",ter it the inter$rete &o$+ o, the DP &"r th"t i# &ont"ine ithin the i#k ,ile o, #te$\2/ The re'"inin. @P &o''"n# #er%e to lo" thi# "t" ,ro' i#k into the !TP# %irtu"l 'e'or+ "n ,in"ll+ eCit ,ro' the B@PAB &o''"n (#te$\11)/ hen eCe&ution o, the &o''"n ,ile en# there ill be " B@PFB $ro'$t to hi&h the u#er &"n re#$on ith BP<TB "# the $lottin. be.in#/ Here",ter et"il# "re no i,,erent th"n h"%e "lre"+ been o&u'ente in @e&tion =K--4/ ner h"t &ir&u'#t"n&e# 'i.ht " u#er not "nt to o hi# $lottin. thi# "+ u#in. the !TPE ir#t there i# little or no #$ee in&enti%e ,or #'"ll B/P<4B ,ile#/ @in&e #t"rtin. the bi. !TP i# #loer th"n #t"rtin. the #'"ll #e$"r"te $ro.r"' BTPP<TB "n #in&e the !TP reuire# #$e&i"l #te$# "# ju#t li#te u#e o, the !TP in #u&h &"#e# i# $rob"bl+ 'ore trouble th"n it i# orth/ @e&on there '"+ be " #$"&e $roble' ,or trul+ enor'ou# B/P<4B ,ile#/ Re'e'ber th"t BTPP<TB h"# no li'it on the #i*e o, the B/P<4B ,ile here"# the !TP oe# (#in&e "ll #u&h $oint# 'u#t be lo"e into 'e'or+)/ , " $ro$erl+ i'en#ione %er#ion o, the !TP i# not i''ei"tel+ "%"il"ble the re#i*in. o, t"ble# re$re#ent# "n "e &o'$li&"tion/ Thir the !TP h"# no built-in h"r &o$+ &onne&tion u#in. "lo'$ $lot# the "+ BTPP<TB oe# (the BPB &o''"n)/ here"# #o'e &o'$uter# '"+ h"%e h"r"re "n "n o$er"tin. #+#te' th"t "uto'"ti&"ll+ $ro%ie h"r &o$ie# o, the #&reen thi# i# not uni%er#"l "n u#".e o, it '"+ not be "# &on%enient/ n &on&lu#ion @P BP<TB i# " $oer,ul ne tool but it i# not " .ener"l re$l"&e'ent ,or other ,ro'# o, !TP $lottin. (in&luin. BTPP<TB) ,or "ll u#er# in "ll &"#e#/ DP\\$ro%ie# "n "ltern"te neer e%en 'ore ,leCible ,or' o, #u&h @P $lottin./ R"ther th"n bur+in. the ,ile-&onne&tion &o''"n in " #e$"r"te ,ile (#ee Bi#kZ,ileB o, #te$ 2 "bo%e) thi# &o''"n &"n be #ent ire&tl+ throu.h the @P ino/ The D-&o''"n o, @P "llo# thi# 'ore uni,ie tre"t'ent/ theri#e not 'u&h i# &h"n.e/ or "n illu#tr"tion #ee <@P9/?AT (tr+ BQ9B)/


H17

1

,6II-A. M"ARTI setup Purpose and applications

The #u$$ortin. routine !ART #etu$ &"n .ener"te onl+ one 'oel (tr"%ellin. "%e 'oel) "n i# onl+ %"li ,or &on%ention"l o%erhe" line#/

n the tr"%ellin. "%e 'oel both the &h"r"&teri#ti& i'$e"n&e L & "# ell "# the $ro$"."tion ,un&tion A 1 "re obt"ine u#in. 'o"l &h"r"&teri#ti&# &"l&ul"te o%er " u#er e,ine ,reuen&+ r"n.e uner the "##u'$tion o, " &on#t"nt tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC ($h"#e-'oe tr"n#,or'"tion)/ Then both L i "n Ai uner.o " hi.h-orer r"tion"l ,un&tion "$$roCi'"iton/ n the ti'e o'"in thi# ,ittin. i# re$re#ente b+ " #u' o, re"l eC$onenti"l# thu# "lloin. u#".e o, re&ur#i%e &on%olution 'etho# in the ti'e o'"in/ The orer o, ,ittin. no lon.er eu"l# to (like it "# the &"#e in @e'l+en #etu$)/ T+$i&"l ,i.ure# ,or the orer "re 5///10/ The .ener"te <T7 $un&he &"r out$ut i''ei"tel+ i# in the $ro$er in$ut ,or'"t to be u#e ,or " #ub#euent tr"n#ient run "# eC$l"ine in #e&tion K-?-3/ n orer to "llo the $ro.r"' to &"l&ul"te the ne&e##"r+ 'o"l &h"r"&teri#ti&# ,or the &onu&tor #+#te' uner &on#ier"tion the !ART &oe i'be# the < @TAT@ or A:< @TAT@ &oe/ or "n eC"'$le u#in. < @TAT@ e re,er to ben&h'"rk ?3 2n #ub&"#e o, ?4 ?5 "n ?6/ or A:< @TAT@ re#ult# "re &on#iere to be unreli"ble be&"u#e the "##u'$tion o, &on#t"nt tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC "ll o%er the ,reuen&+ r"n.e oe# not hol ,or &"ble#/ Input structure

n$ut "t" &"r# ,or !ART #etu$ in%ol%e "n i'bee < @TAT@ "t" &"#e ,olloin. the initi"l !ART e&l"r"tion#/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

:;  ?ATA A@ !ART @TP RO@T $tion"l #$e&i"l reue#t &"r# :RAH A < @TAT@ "t" &"#e !ART 'i#&ell"neou# ,itter #$e&i,i&"tion# or ?A


1

2

3

4

H17

5

6

2

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

=MARTI SETU

DT!

E8.0

151

&arameters

&DTO &ontrol# $o##ible ,un&tion#/ ?e,"ult %"lue J 1/

reu&tion in the orer o, "$$roCi'"tin. r"tion"l

Note Thi# $"r"'eter P?T i# not "&tu"ll+ u#e b+ the ,itter it#el, but i# 'erel+ $"##e "lon. ,ro' the e&l"r"tion &"r ju#t #hon to "n+ br"n&h &"r# th"t l"ter "re to be $un&he/ nee in the $un&he &"r# o, #e&tion K-?-3 $"r"'eter P?T &"n be ,oun b"&k on &ol#/ 33-38 "n h"# the ,olloin. 'e"nin.F The ,itter "l"+# return# to <T7 the ,ull orer o, the "$$roCi'"tin. r"tion"l ,un&tion# ,or L & "n A 1/ The hi.her the orer the 'ore $ole# "n *eroe# "re bein. &"l&ul"te/ ?urin. the tr"n#ient run the "$$roCi'"ti%e ,un&tion# "re t"ken into "&&ount u#in. re&ur#i%e &on%olution "n tr"n#,er ,ro' 'o"l o'"in to $h"#e o'"in/ The#e &"l&ul"tion# "re %er+ ti'e&on#u'in./

-

n orer to #$ee u$ &"l&ul"tion# urin. the tr"n#ient run the u#er &"n #$e&i,+ " thre#hol ,or the orer reu&tion (i/e/ reu&e the nu'ber o, $ole# "n *eroe# "$$roCi'"tin. L & "n A1)/ #".e i# illu#tr"te in ?4 (,ir#t #ub&"#e %er#u# #e&on #ub&"#e)/

Optional BRANCH request

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BRANCH

S E N D  1

A6

R E C  1 

A6

S EN D 2 

A6

R E C  2 

A6

S EN D 3

A6

R E C  3 

A6

S E N D  4

R E C  4 

A6

A6

S E N D  5

A6

R E C  5 

A6

S E N D  6

A6

R E C  6 

A6

152

The noe n"'e# #houl be $l"&e in $"ir# (#enin. en re&ei%in. en) $h"#e $er $h"#e/

hen #$e&i,ie the#e noe n"'e# ill "l#o "$$e"r in the <T7 $un&he out$ut/

hen o'itte the u#er hi'#el, ill h"%e to enter the e#ire noe n"'e# in the $un&he out$ut ,ile/


H17

3

Next follows a LINE CONSTANTS data case

A# eC$l"ine in #e&tion == #u&h in$ut #euen&e t+$i&"ll+ look# "# ,ollo#F "/ b/ &/ / e/ ,/ ./

< @TAT@ reue#t &"r unit #$e&i,i&"tion &"r (;<@H or !TR) &onu&tor &"r# :
Note re/ardin/ $reuenc# cards - ?e$enin. on hether or not the line i# "##u'e to be tr"n#$o#e (!?A<#$e&i,i&"tionM &ol#/ 69-70) or not the nu'ber o, ,reuen&+ &"r# i,,er#/

- or the untr"n#$o#e &"#e (!?A< J 1)F - Three ,reuen&+ &"r# "re neee - The ,ir#t &"r (tr"n#ient ,reuen&+ &"r) &ont"in# the #in.le ,reuen&+ ROTRA "t hi&h the tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC #houl be &"l&ul"te/ Re&"ll th"t in e,,e&t #u&h '"triC i# ,reuen&+ e$enent/ Hen&e ROTRA #o'eho #houl be rel"te ith thte ,reuen&+ o, the tr"n#ient $heno'en" one "nt# to ob#er%e/ or o%erhe" line# 5000 H* i# " t+$i&"l %"lue/ in"ll+ "l#o re'"rk th"t %i" $"r"'eter TR the u#er &"n #$e&i,+ et"il# on the tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC to be u#e/ t i# e%en $o##ible to u#e " u#er-e,ine r"ther th"n " &"l&ul"te tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC/ - The #e&on &"r (#te"+ #t"te ,reuen&+ &"r) be"r# the #in.le ,reuen&+ RO@@ "t hi&h the #te"+ #t"te %"lue# #houl be &"l&ul"te/ T+$i&"ll+ thi# i# the ,reuen&+ %"lue o, the t+$e-14 #our&e#/ - The thir &"r (,reuen&+ loo$in. &"r) #$e&i,ie# the ,reuen&+ r"n.e to loo$ o%er ,or the &"l&ul"tion o, the 'o"l $"r"'eter# L& "n A1/ T+$i&"ll+ the #t"rtin. ,reuen&+ ROT i# #et to 0/01 H* the nu'ber o, e&"e# ? eu"l# 8 or 9 "n one 'u#t t"ke PT J 10 $oint# $er e&"e/ Ki" $"r"'eter TR the u#er &"n #$e&i,+ et"il# on the tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC to be u#e/ J0F bl"nk or -2 (thi# o$tion i# re&o''ene)F the ei.en%e&tor# (J &olu'n# o, the &o'$leC tr"n#or'"tion '"triC) ill be rot"te &lo#er to the re"l "Ci# #o th"t their i'".in"r+ $"rt i# "##u'e to be&o'e ne.li.ible/ J-9Fthe ,ull &o'$leC tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC ill be u#e/ J-1F the u#er nee# to e,ine hi# on &urrent tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC i''ei"tel+ ,olloin. the ,ir#t ,reuen&+ &"r/ - RH AR ?@T @; "n !?A< #houl be eu"l on "ll 3 &"r#/ Hen&e the &"r ,or'"t look# "# ,ollo#F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

FRETRAN

F

D

I

C

I

S

A

S

E

FREINIT

R

T

'

F10.2

A10

1



1



1

TR

I2

I2

R H

FRESS

!

F8.2

153

F8.3

D EC

I3

 NT

I3


H17

4

- or the tr"n#$o#e &"#e (!?A< J 0)F - nl+ to ,reuen&+ &"r# neee/ Re&"ll th"t no tr"n#ient ,reuen&+ &"r i# neee be&"u#e the tr"n#,or'"tion '"triC in &"#e o, " tr"n#$o#e &"#e i# knon " $riori/ urther'ore in thi# #$e&i"l &"#e the '"triC i# &on#t"nt throu.hout the ,reuen&+ r"n.e/ - The ,ir#t &"r (#te"+ #t"te &"r) be"r# the #in.le ,reuen&+ RO@@ "t hi&h the #te"+ #t"te %"lue# #houl be &"l&ul"te/ T+$i&"ll+ thi# i# the ,reuen&+ %"lue o, the t+$e-14 #our&e#/ - The #e&on &"r (,reuen&+ loo$in. &"r) #$e&i,ie# the ,reuen&+ r"n.e to loo$ o%er ,or the &"l&ul"tion o, the 'o"l $"r"'eter# L & "n A1/ T+$i&"ll+ The #t"rtin. ,reuen&+ ROT i# #et to 0/01 H* the nu'ber o, e&"e# ? eu"l# 8 or 9 "n one 'u#t t"ke PT J 10 $oint# $er e&"e/ - RH AR ?@T @; "n !?A< #houl be eu"l on "ll 2 &"r#/ Hen&e the &"r ,or'"t look# "# ,ollo#F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

R

FRESS

H !

FREINIT

F8.2

F10.2

F

D

I

C

I

S

A

S

E

R

T

'

A10

0

D EC

 NT

0

I3

I3

I2

F8.3

154 JMARTI miscellaneous fitter specifications

There "re to $o##ible "+# to #$e&i,+ 'i#&ell"neou# ,itter #$e&i,i&"tion#F u#in. the ?A
-

1

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

2

5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

4

7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5

9

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

7

2 3 4 5 6 7

8

8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

DEFAULT

155

Thi# i# the onl+ &"r one nee#/ the non-eC$erien&e u#er/

@u&h reue#t i# .ener"ll+ re&o''ene ,or

5/b C$li&it e,inition o, ,itter $"r"'eter# Thi# o$tion #houl be #ele&te b+ the eC$erien&e u#er ho "nt# to h"%e &ontrol o%er #o'e (or "ll) o, the ini%iu"l ,ittin. $"r"'eter#/


H17

5

Three i,,erent t+$e# o, $"r"'eter# &"n be #$e&i,ie on the i,,erent ,itter &"r#F - 'i#&ell"neou# "t" - $"r"'eter# ,or L & ,ittin. - $"r"'eter# ,or A 1 ,ittin.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

IDEBU'

IUNCH

I8

I8

)!UTR

'M!DE

I8

I8

156

&arameters IDE+G $ro%ie# &ontrol o, i".no#ti& $rintout urin. the !"rti ,ittin./ A %"lue o, unit+ i# re&o''ene ,or nor'"l $rou&tion u#".e #in&e thi# ill re#ult in " i#$l"+ o, the nu'ber o, $ole# "n *eroe# "n the "&&ur"&+ o, the ,it ,or e"&h iter"tion o, the &orner#-"llo&"tion loo$/ Hi.her %"lue# (2 3 or 4) re#ult in 'ore out$ut/ I&NC: &ontrol# hether or not br"n&h &"r# ill be $un&he ",ter the ,ittin./ K"lue *ero ill $rou&e !"rti br"n&h &"r# here"# unit+ ill o'it #u&h out$ut/

&ontrol# %i#ibilit+ o, !"rti in$ut "t" &"r inter$ret"tion o, the OT&R #ub#euent tr"n#ient #i'ul"tion/ Re&o.ni*e i#tin&t %"lue# o, ITPR "re *ero unit+ "n to/ The u#er-ke+e %"lue i# $l"&e on re#ult"nt br"n&h &"r# (i, "n+) "# %"ri"ble @IP/ or ,urther et"il# re,er to thi# %"ri"ble in @e&tion K-?-3 Rule 1/ G"ODE i# the &onu&tor &onu&t"n&e in the 'o"l o'"in (the #"'e "# $h"#e to .roun &onu&t"n&e in the $h"#e o'"in i, #u&h &onu&t"n&e i# "##u'e to be the #"'e ,or "ll $h"#e# "n i, there i# no 'utu"l &onu&t"n&e beteen $h"#e#/ The e,"ult %"lue i# 3/-8 'ho#k' (eui%"lent to 4/8-8 'ho#'ile)/ The unit# o, len.th #houl ".ree ith tho#e u#e ithin < @TAT@ "t"/

5/b/2 P"r"'eter# ,or L & ,ittin. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

NEXMIS

I8

EST!L

E8.0

N!RMAX

I8

IEC!DE

I8

IFWTA

I8

IFL!T

I8

IFDAT

I8

INELIM

I8

157 A non*ero %"lue ini&"te# the 'oe NE,"I% ill nor'"ll+ be le,t bl"nk/ nu'ber ,or hi&h " i,,erent ,ittin. &"r i# to be #u$$lie/ A bl"nk 'e"n# th"t "ll 'oe# o, &h"r"&teri#ti& i'$e"n&e L & ill u#e the #"'e ,ittin. &"r/ A non*ero %"lue .i%e# the 'oe o, intere#t/ or eC"'$le =!@ J 3 'e"n#


H17

6

th"t the &h"r"&teri#ti& i'$e"n&e o, the thir 'oe i# to be ,itte u#in. $"r"'eter# #$e&i,ie on " ne ,ittin. &"r/ E&%TO4 i# the error toler"n&e ,or ,ittin. in $er&ent/ The ,ittin. error i# e%"lu"te in " le"#t-#u"re# #en#e "n "%er".e o%er " r"n.e th"t eC&lue# initi"l or ,in"l "#+'$toti& re.ion# (b+ 0/001V)/ The e,"ult %"lue ,or bl"nk or *ero i# 0/30V/ NOR"A, i# the '"Ci'u' orer ('"Ci'u' nu'ber o, $ole#) to be "lloe ,or the r"tion"l ,un&tion "$$roCi'"tion/ :l"nk or *ero i# .i%en " e,"ult %"lue o, 30/ IECODE i# " #it&h to eter'ine the 'oe o, ,ittin./ , *ero P@T< i# u#e to eter'ine the orer o, the "$$roCi'"tin. ,un&tion/ , unit+ then P@T< h"# no e,,e&t on the orer/ n#te" the be#t ,it ith "n orer le## th"n or eu"l to R!A= i# eter'ine/ , &our#e hen u#in. the P@T< &riterion it i# $o##ible th"t " ,it ithin thi# toler"n&e i# not $o##ible/ The u#er ill be in,ore o, #u&h i,,i&ult+ o, ,ittin. onl+ i, ?:; i# $o#iti%e/ n&re"#in. the %"lue o, R!A= 'i.ht in #u&h &"#e# "llo the P@T< &riterion to be 'et but not "l"+#/ Hi.her orer oe# not .u"r"ntee .re"ter "&&ur"&+ #in&e the lo.i& i# i'$er,e&t/ @o u#e en.ineerin. ju.e'ent ('oer"tion in "ll thin.#)/

&ontrol# t"bul"r $rintout o, the ,ittin./ The %"lue unit+ ill re#ult I!WTA in the i#$l"+ o, " t"ble &o'$"rin. the '".nitue "n $h"#e "n.le o, the r"tion"l "$$roCi'"tion ith the therorti&"l %"lue# "# " ,un&tion o, ,reuen&+ (ro# o, the t"ble)/ Lero ill #u$$re## #u&h out$ut/ I!&4OT &ontrol# .r"$hi&"l $rintout/ The %"lue unit+ ill $rou&e " &h"r"&ter (line $rinter) $lot &o'$"rin. the '".nitue o, the r"tion"l "$$roCi'"tion ith the theoreti&"l %"lue "# " ,un&tion o, ,reuen&+/ Lero ill #u$$re## #u&h out$ut/ I!DAT &ontrol# $o##ible t"bul"r $rintout o, tr"n#'i##ion &ir&uit $"r"'eter# "# " ,un&tion o, ,reuen&+/ The %"lue unit+ ill re#ult in #u&h " i#$l"+ here"# *ero ill #u$$re## #u&h out$ut/

i# " #it&h &ontrollin. lo.i& o, the ,ittin. $ro&e##/ The %"lue *ero INE4I" 'e"n# th"t orer in&re"#e# o, the "$$roCi'"tin. ,un&tion ill en i, "n hen the error be&o'e# ,i%e ti'e# l"r.er th"n the $re%iou# 'ini'u'/ n the other h"n unit+ "llo# in&re"#e# o, orer re."rle## o, hether there i# i'$ro%e'ent/ Thi# i# ithin li'it# re$re#ente b+ $"r"'eter# R!A= or P@T< o, &our#e/

5/b/3 P"r"'eter# o, A 1 ,ittin. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

NEXMIS

I8

EST!L

E8.0

N!RMAX

I8

IEC!DE

I8

IFWTA

I8

IFL!T

I8

IFDAT

I8

INELIM

I8

AMINA1

E8.0

158 &arameters

All %"ri"ble# eC&e$t the ,ir#t "n the l"#t h"%e 'e"nin.# th"t "re ienti&"l to tho#e ,or L & (#ee $re&ein. #e&tion =K-:-2)/ The ,ir#t =!@ i,,er# in


H17

7

th"t " 'inu# #i.n i# reuire to ini&"te " 'oe o, A 1 r"ther th"n " 'oe o, L &/ The ,in"l $"r"'eter i# " ne one in &ol#/ 65-72 n"'e A!A1/ ?"t" $oint# ith '".nitue le## th"n A!A1 ill be i#&"re urin. the ,ittin. $ro&e##/ :l"nk or *ero i# .i%en " e,"ult %"lue o, 120/ BLANK card terminating JMARTI BEGIN NEW DATA CASE BLANK card terminating all cases Output structure

or " e#&ri$tion o, the out$ut #tru&ture out$ut e re,er to #e&tion K-?-3 (br"n&h &"r#)/

'ore

e#$e&i"ll+

the <T7

Example

or eC"'$le# e re,er to ben&h'"rk# ?3 ?4 ?5 "n ?6/

,,I. %upportin/ routines

@u$$ortin. routine# "re u#e to tr"n#l"te #o'e in$ut "t" hi&h i# knon ,or the u#er to #o'e other out$ut "t" hi&h ire&tl+ &"n be u#e in "n !TP "$$li&"tion/ ne .rou$ o, the#e #u$$ortin. routine# i# tre"te in thi# &h"$ter hile other #u$$ortin. routine# "re tre"te in #o'e #e$"r"te &h"$ter#/

olloin. #u$$ortin. routine# "re tre"te in thi# &h"$terF

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

B=R!RB to eri%e UR UUu"tionF o'e."< o, #in.le-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er# B:@RK PARA<<< !T AR<B ,or $"r"llel B@TAT@T@B B:TRAB to eri%e UA UR or UR UUu"tionF o'e."< o, 'ulti-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er BHA; @THB to &on%ert ,or'er #it&he R < ele'ent# to t+$e-99 -98 B

H19"

1

,I,.A ,!OR"ER to derive KRLB K;4L o$ sin/le-p@ase trans$ormers

The #u$$ortin. routine B=R!RB &"n be u#e to eri%e " line"r UR-U< re$re#ent"tion ,or #in.le-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er# (both 2"n 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er#) u#in. te#t "t" o, the eC&it"tion te#t "n #hort-&ir&uit te#t "t the r"te ,reuen&+/ C&it"tion lo##e# &"nt be t"ken into "&&ount b+ thi# 'oel/ n the other h"n the#e lo##e# &"n be ne.le&te ,or " #in.le-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er re&"ll/ The #hort&ir&uit lo##e# &"n ("n #houl) be t"ken into "&&ount hoe%er/ @tr"+ &"$"&it"n&e# "re i.nore in thi# re$re#ent"tion hi&h there,ore i# onl+ %"li u$ to " ,e kH*/ n the other h"n the 'oel i# not %"li ,or eCtre'el+ lo ,reuen&ie# either/ The l"tter i# '"inl+ ue to the ,"&t th"t the =R!R 'oel u#e# "'itt"n&e# intern"ll+ ithout ,ir#t #e$"r"tin. the re#i#ti%e "n inu&ti%e $"rt#/ At ? &onition# thi# '"the'"ti&"l '"nu$ul"tion then re#ult# in non-*ero o,,-i".on"l re#i#ti%e ele'ent# hi&h ini&"te inu&e %olt".e# in the #e&on"r+ inin./ At ? o, &our#e #u&h %olt".e inu&tion i# $h+#i&"ll+ i'$o##ible/ on-line"r beh"%iour &"nt be in&lue in the B=R!RB 'oel $ro$er/ @u&h beh"%iour (#"tur"tion or h+#tere#i#) &oul be t"ken into "&&ount hoe%er b+ "in. t+$e 93 96 or 98 ele'ent# &onne&te to the $ro$er tr"n#,or'er ter'in"l# (i/e/ tho#e inin.# th"t "re &lo#e#t to the &ore) in the ele&tri&"l netork urin. the #te"+-#t"te or tr"n#ient run/ n #u&h &"#e hoe%er it oul be '"n"tor+ to #$e&i,+  eC J 0 #in&e otheri#e the '".neti*in. inu&t"n&e ill be t"ken into "&&ount ti&e/ n the other h"n o, &our#e  eC J 0 i# i'$o##ible #in&e thi# oul re#ult in "n "'itt"n&e '"triC bein. #in.ul"r/ Hen&e =R!R ill not be "ble to t"ke #"tur"tion into "&&ount $ro$erl+/ #".e o, :TRA i# e#ir"ble in #u&h &"#e/ Altern"ti%el+ ,or the to-inin. tr"n#,or'er thi# $roble' &"n be &ir&u'%ente b+ u#in. the #"tur"ble tr"n#,or'er &o'$onent (hi&h eC$li&itel+ t"ke# into "&&ount the #"tur"tion)/ n the 3-inin. &"#e hoe%er the #"tur"ble tr"n#,or'er &o'$onent &"n be&o'e nu'eri&"ll+ in#t"ble ,or unknon re"#on#/ Althou.h thi# 'oel u#e# the "'itt"n&e not"tion intern"ll+ ne%erthele## it i# '"n"tor+ th"t the '".neti*in. &urrent &ert"inl+ i# not ne"r-*ero (or *ero)/ nee i, the u#er #$e&i,ie# too little '".neti*in. &urrent the '".neti*in. i'$e"n&e .et# lo#t in the "'itt"n&e '"triC th"t be&o'e# ne"rl+ #in.ul"r #o th"t it &"nt be in%erte "n+ 'ore to re#ult in the e#ire UR-U< '"tri&e#/ Re'"rk th"t the ,lo"tin.-$oint 'i#&ell"neou# "t" $"r"'eter P@< (#ee @e&tion -:) i# u#e "# " #in.ul"rit+ toler"n&e/ n &"#e# ith #'"ll '".neti*in. &urrent it i# 'ore "$$ro$ri"te to u#e the B:TRAB 'oel o, @e&tion ==-/ or " 2-inin. tr"n#,or'er the eui%"lent &ir&uit "# &re"te b+ =R!R look# "# ,ollo#F

Z $

12 X



Z $  $;,*>+,#+* +?%&" %

12 X



X  "%*++" +"&#*"%

 *% % +**+;" /;$$ +$ N!T +"/#&%& +" *+$ ;&%/

159 The $un&he &"r out$ut o, =R!R &"n be u#e i''ei"tel+ "# in$ut br"n&h &"r# ,or 'utu"ll+ &ou$le R-< ele'ent# (TP 51 52 ///) in the ele&tri&"l netork (@e&tion K-)/ ?o not ,or.et to #et the 'i#&ell"neou# $"r"'eter =PT (to be u#e urin. the tr"n#ient run) eu"l to the %"lue o, the r"te ,reuen&+ u#e to


H19"

2

$er,or' the eC&it"tion- "n #hort-&ir&uit te#t/ nee "ll in$ut "t" "re onl+ %"li "t thi# i'$li&it ,reuen&+/ urther note th"t it i# i'$o##ible (e%en u#ele##) to tr+ to re#et the %"lue o, thi# ,reuen&+YY The ,olloin. ill B=R!RB &"#e#/

eC$l"in

the

in$ut

"t"-e&k

#tru&ture

,or

"ll

$o##ible


H19"

3

,I,.A.' Input data-dec< structure $or ,!OR"ER

The onl+ i,,eren&e# beteen the in$ut rule# ,or " 2-inin. "n " 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er "re the ,olloin.F - ($oint 4)

u'ber o, ter'in"l noe# 'entione on the B:RAHB &"r/

- ($oint 5)

u'ber o, &"r# BB in the .rou$in. #$e&i,+in. the ele&tri&"l $"r"'eter# o, the tr"n#,or'er/

- ($oint 6) The out$ut ,or " 2-inin. tr"n#,or'er onl+ &ont"in# TP 51-52 br"n&h &"r# here"# the out$ut ,or " 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er &ont"in# TP 51-53 br"n&h &"r#/ @u$$o#e th"t " u#er "nt# to 'oel " #in.le-$h"#e 2- or 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er u#in. the =R!R #u$$ortin. routine/ Hi# "t" e&k then #houl h"%e the ,olloin. #tru&tureF 1/ :;  ?ATA A@ 2/ =R!R - #$e&i"l-reue#t or (tr"n#,er# &ontrol to the $ro$er o%erl"+) 3/ DRA@ - reue#t (o$tion"l) (er"#e "ll &"r i'".e# th"t 'i.ht eCi#t in $un&h bu,,er) 4/ :RAH - &"r (o$tion"l) (n"'e the ter'in"l noe# o, the tr"n#,or'er inin.#) 5/ BB "t" &"r# (#$e&i,+ the ele&tri&"l $"r"'eter# o, the tr"n#,or'er)  J 2 ,or the 2-inin. &"#e  J 4 ,or the 3-inin. &"#e 6/ DPH - reue#t (o$tion"l) (,lu#h &ontent# o, $un&h bu,,er o, $re&ein. =R!R &"#e) Re'"rk th"t the "t" o, $oint# 4 5 "n 6 '"+ be re$e"te "# '"n+ ti'e# "# e#ire/ "&h #u&h .rou$in. i# " #e$"r"te "t" &"#e ithin the B=R!RB #etu$ &orre#$onin. to " i,,erent tr"n#,or'er/ 7/ :
A# ,or "n eC"'$le o, #u&h in$ut ,or " #in.le-$h"#e 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er e re,er to ben&h'"rk ?-15/

1/ The B:;  ?ATA A@B &"r &o'e# ,ir#t/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

B E 'I N

160

N E W

D A T A

C A S E


H19"

4

2/ eCt &o'e# the B=R!RB &"r " #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r hi&h #er%e# to tr"n#,er &ontrol to the o%erl"+ in ue#tion/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

X F ! R M E R

161

3/ eCt &o'e# the o$tion"l BDRA@B &"r " #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r hi&h #er%e# to re#et the $un&h bu,,er (<T7)/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

 E R A S E

162

TF Thi# o$tion"l DRA@ &"r #houl be u#e hene%er $un&h&"r out$ut i# reue#te "# in$ut ,or the ele&tri&"l netork/

4/ eCt &o'e# the o$tion"l B:RAHB &"r hi&h #er%e# to n"'e the ter'in"l noe# o, the tr"n#,or'er inin.#/ Thu# e"&h inin. ill be inter$rete "# " br"n&h beteen B:@1B "n B:@2B/ @in&e "ll o, the#e br"n&he# ill be re$re#ente "# TP-5C ele'ent# 'utu"l &ou$lin. &"n be t"ken into "&&ount/ TF Thi# o$tion"l &"r #houl be u#e hene%er $un&he &"r out$ut i# reue#te "# in$ut ,or the ele&tri&"l netork/ The &"r ,or'"t i# #li.htl+ i,,erent ,or the 2- "n 3-inin. &"#e#/ n the R!AT i".r"'# BHKB #t"n# ,or hi.h %olt".e B
") The 2-inin. &"#eF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

B R A N C H

A6

A6

A6

A6

B R A N C H

BUS1

BUS2

BUS1

BUS2

163

TYE>51

TYE>52

H(>:+"&+"

L(>:+"&+"


H19"

5

b) The 3-inin. &"#eF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

B R A N C H

A6

A6

B R A N C H

BUS1

A6

BUS2

BUS1

TYE>51

A6

A6

BUS2

BUS1

TYE>52

H(>:+"&+"

A6

BUS2

TYE>53

MED>:+"&+"

L(>:+"&+"

164

5/ olloin. "re "t" &"r# #$e&i,+in. the ele&tri&"l tr"n#,or'er/ The#e &"r# &"n be #$lit into to $"rt#F

$"r"'eter#

o,

the

- The ,ir#t &"r .rou$# eC&it"tion "t" "n the out$ut #$e&i,i&"tion reue#t/ Thi# &"r i# #li.htl+ i,,erent ,or both 2- "n 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er# ($"r"'eter BB in &olu'n 1)/ - The #e&on .rou$ o, &"r# &ont"in# #hort-&ir&uit "t"/ The nu'ber o, &"r# in thi# #e&on .rou$in. e$en# on the nu'ber o, inin.#/ or the 2-inin. &"#e onl+ one &"r ill be neee but ,or the 3-inin. &"#e 3 &"r# "re neee/ 5/1/ ir#t &o'e# one &"r &ont"inin. both the eC&it"tion "t" "n the out$ut #$e&i,i&"tion reue#t/ The onl+ i,,eren&e beteen the 2- "n 3-inin. &"#e# i# the %"lue o, the $"r"'eter BB/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

NW

E9.0

E10.0

IMA'N

SBASE

165 &arameters



F u'ber o, inin.#/ J2 F 2-inin. tr"n#,or'er J3 F 3-inin. tr"n#,or'er

!A;F The tr"n#,or'er '".neti*in. &urrent (in $er&ent)/ #e ,olloin. ,or'ul"F


/A = / & LT

2 *A*E

H19"

6

100 14

here eC J 'e"#ure eC&it"tion &urrent K
ote th"t the &"#e o, B!A; J 0B ill re#ult in "n error 'e##".e/ n #u&h &"#e the u#er i# "%i&e to u#e the :TRA 'oel (#e&tion ==-)/ urther it i# "&&ur"te enou.h to u#e the '".nitue o, the %"lue o, the eC&itin. &urrent r"ther th"n the eC"&t (but #'"ller) '".neti*in. &urrent/

@:A@F Poer b"#e (in !KA) u#e ,or B!A;B-re,eren&in.

5/2/ "r# &ont"inin. #hort-&ir&uit "t"/ or the 2-inin. &"#e onl+ one &"r ill be neee but ,or the 3-inin. &"#e 3 &"r# "re neee/ ") The 2-inin. &"#eF (onl+ 1 &"r neee) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

E10.0

E10.0

E10.0

E10.0

E10.0

(!LT1

(!LT2

L!SS12

ZSC12

SBASE

H(>$+&%

L(>$+&%

166

&arameters

K
R!@ %olt".e (in kK) o, inin. 2 (lo %olt".e #ie)

P<@@12F @hort-&ir&uit lo##e# (in k) "t r"te ,reuen&+/ L@12F !".nitue o, the #hort-&ir&uit i'$e"n&e (in $er&ent) o, the tr"n#,or'er beteen inin. 1 "n inin. 2/ ote th"t thi# $er&ent %"lue i# i'$li&itl+ ,reuen&+ e$enent #in&e it i# 'e"#ure "t " %er+ #$e&i,i& ,reuen&+F the r"te ,reuen&+/ urther ,olloin. ,or'ul" #houl be u#eF

#*C12 =

 " *A*E 2 1 100 LT / "

here #h J no'in"l &urrent #h J #hort-&ir&uit %olt".e @:A@ J $oer b"#e K

H19"

7

@:A@F Poer b"#e (in !KA) u#e ,or BL@12B-re,eren&in. (e/./ the r"te $oer o, the tr"n#,or'er)/

b) The 3-inin. &"#eF (3 &"r# neee) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

E10.0

E10.0

E10.0

E10.0

(!LT1

L!SS12

ZSC12

SB12

H(>:+"&+"

(!LT2

L!SS13

ZSC13

SB13

MED>:+"&+"

(!LT3

L!SS23

ZSC23

SB23

L(>:+"&+"

167 &arameters

K
#*Ci =

*i

 "

2

/ " LTi

here #h J no'in"l &urrent #h J #hort-&ir&uit %olt".e @:ij J $oer b"#e K
@:ij F Poer b"#e (in !KA) u#e ,or BL@ijB-re,eren&in. (e/./ the r"te $oer o, the tr"n#,or'er)

6/ eCt &o'e# the o$tion"l BDPHB &"r " #$e&i"l-reue#t &"r hi&h #er%e# to "&ti%"te the $un&her (<T7)/ 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

  U N C H

168 T@F

1) Thi# o$tion"l &"r #houl be u#e hene%er $un&he &"r out$ut i# e#ire/


H19"

2) @in&e both the re#i#t"n&e- "n inu&t"n&e '"triC "re in h'# "t the r"te ,reuen&+ one #houl u#e =PT J Br"te ,reuen&+B urin. tr"n#ient run# u#in. thi# $un&he out$ut "# br"n&h &"r in$ut/

3) Thi# $un&he &"r out$ut ill u#e the hi.h-"&&ur"&+ ,ree-,or'"t not"tion ,or TP -51-52-53 ele'ent#/ A# " &on#euen&e the ,ree,or'"t #e$"r"tion- "n &ontinu"tion &h"r"&ter# (#ee "r 18 o, the @TARTP ,ile o, @e&tion --2) ill be u#e on "ll $un&he &"r#/ , &our#e the u#".e o, #u&h &h"r"&ter# 'u#t be &on#i#tent beteen the B=R!RB eri%"tion "n the #ub#euent u#".e "# $"rt o, " #i'ul"tion/

ote th"t the "t" o, $oint# 4 5 "n 6 '"+ be re$e"te "# '"n+ ti'e# "# e#ire/ "&h #u&h .rou$in. i# " #e$"r"te "t" &"#e ithin the B=R!RB #etu$ &orre#$onin. to " i,,erent tr"n#,or'er/

7/ To en "ll B=R!RB &"#e# " bl"nk &"r i# u#e/

8/ , the u#er "nt# to #hut o,, the !TP "t thi# $oint " B:;  ?ATA A@B &"r ,olloe b+ " bl"nk &"r #houl be entere neCt/ ,I,-A.* E2ample o$ ,!OR"ER data set up

on#ier " one-$h"#e to-inin. tr"n#,or'er ith both $ri'"r+ "n #e&on"r+ inin. .roune "t one ter'in"l/ The other ter'in"l# "re to be n"'e BH1B "n B<1B ,or hi.h-%olt".e "n lo-%olt".e noe re#$e&ti%el+/ in"ll+ the ,olloin. "t" ere obt"ine b+ 'e"#ure'ent ("t 50 H*) ,or thi# tr"n#,or'erF

Poer r"tin. @ C&it"tion lo##e# P eClo## C&it"tion &urrent  eC @hort-&ir&uit lo##e# P #hlo## @hort-&ir&uit &urrent  #h @hort-&ir&uit %olt".e  #h Kolt".e r"tin. K $ri'K#e&

F F F F F F F

0/0063 !KA 0/065I(not neee ,or =R!R) 185 A'$# 0/095 I 16 A'$# 8/3 Kolt# /220/377IKolt#

The eri%e %"lue# ,or the other $"r"'eter# "reF $er-unit '".neti*in. &urrentF

1.85 <

220 6300

= 0.0646(

#hort-&ir&uit i'$e"n&eF

# " =

 " / "

=

8.3 16

= 0.518 m" :t 50!;18

$er unit #hort-&ir&uit i'$e"n&eF

6.46>

8


# ",( = # " <

* 2 !*



H19"

9

= 0.02296( 2.296>

The #hort &ir&uit te#t "# $er,or'e u#in. 16 A r"ther th"n the nor'"l HK &urrent no'/ Hen&e the %"lue ,or the lo##e# #houl be 'oi,ieF

2

 ",?$m

 16.71 = 0.095<   = 0.10363@  16 

here the ineC Bno'B re,er# to no'in"l &onition# "n B'B re,er# to "&tu"l 'e"#urin. &onition#/ e

/ ",?$m =

6300 377

= 16.71A

,in

2

 ",?$m

 16.71 = 0.095<   = 0.10363@  16 

urther note th"t the re#i#t"n&e %"lue# &"n be te#te b+ h"n&"l&ul"tion#F

!B R ! = 0.

LB R L

3711 2

= 0.186

3711  220  = 0. <   377  2

2

= 0.063

The#e %"lue# &"n not be tr"&e b"&k in the $un&he re#ult#/ Thi# i# be&"u#e the ,ull "'itt"n&e '"triC i# in%erte re#ultin. in non-*ero o,, i".on"l %"lue# in the re#i#t"n&e '"triC/ urther et"il# &"n be ,oun in the Theor+ :ook/ The &"r e&k re$re#entin. the =R!R in$ut then oul re#ult in the ,olloin. &"r #euen&eF :;  ?ATA A@  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 =R!R DRA@ :RAH H1 <1   2 inin.# !A; J 6/460 V P:R J /0063 !KA  2 6/460 /0063   /377/220 %olt".e r"tio P<@@12 J /10363 I L@12 J 2/296 V P:L12 J /0063  /377 /220 /10363 2/296 /0063 DPH :

H19"

,I,.A.0 Output data-dec< structure

or the #"'$le in$ut "t" o, the $re&eein. $"r".r"$h the out$ut "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F

o''ent &"r/ !?? J 1/ !"rker &"r $re&ein. ne !TP "t" &"#e/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 3/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 4/ Reue#t ,or tr"n#,or'er UR NjU< &o'$ut"tion/ r"#e "ll o, 0 &"r# in the $un&h bu,,er/ oe n"'e# ,or <T7-$un&he br"n&h &"r#/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 8/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 9/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 10/ e e%i&e/ 2 6/460000N00 6/300000-03 o''ent &"r/ !?? J 12/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 13/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 14/ in/ 0/377N00 0/220N00 0/104N00 0/230N01

 "t"F;?=R!R/ :;  ?ATA A@  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 =R!R DRA@ :RAH H1 <1   2 inin.# !A; J 6/460 V P:R J /0063 !KA  2 6/460 /0063   /377/220 %olt".e r"tio P<@@12 J /10363 I L@12 J 2/296 V P:L12 J /0063  /377 /220 /10363 2/296 /0063

@in.le-$h"#e 2 -inin. tr"n#,or'er/ !A; J 6/46000000N00 $er&ent b"#e on Kolt".e "&ro## inin.
6/30000000-03

!KA/

'$e"n&e '"triC "# reuire ,or tr"n#ient #tuie# ith re"&t"n&e = in oh'# "t the $oer ,reuen&+/ R = R = R = Hi.h 0/9272619-01 0/3493188N03
@hort-&ir&uit in$ut i'$e"n&e# ,ollo --- obt"ine ,ro' the ju#t-$rinte i'$e"n&e '"triC b+ re%er#e &o'$ut"tion/ Thi# re$re#ent# #ort o, " &he&k on the &o'$ut"tionF Hi.h --
DPH

A li#tin. o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# no bein. ,lu#he ,ro' $un&h bu,,er ,ollo#/ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ  WNNNNNNX "r# $un&he b+ #u$$ort routine on 17-A$r-89 10/34/43 WNNNNNNX  =R!R  DRA@  :RAH H1 <1     2 inin.# !A; J 6/460 V P:R J /0063 !KA    2 6/460 /0063     /377/220 %olt".e r"tio P<@@12 J /10363 I L@12 J 2/296 V P:L12 J /0063    /377 /220 /10363 2/296 /0063 51H1     0/9272618817281-01  0/3493188082966N03   52<1     -0/5411077293636-01  0/2037410770117N03 D 0/3157657837292-01  0/1189555285801N03   JJJJJJJJJW

n o, <T7 $un&he &"r# "# ,lu#he b+

DPH

reue#t

XJJJJJJJ

,I,.A.5 sa/e o$ T&E 7'-7*-70 punc@ed output o$ ,!OR"ER

TP 51-52-53 $un&he out$ut &"r# &"n be u#e i''ei"tel+ "# br"n&h &"r# re$re#entin. the tr"n#,or'er/ ?ont ,or.et to $ut =PT ('i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r) eu"l to the %"lue o, the r"te ,reuen&+ (tr"n#,or'er te#tin. ,reuen&+) urin. " tr"n#ient #i'ul"tion/ urther be #ure th"t the ,ree-,ro'"t #e$"r"tion- "n &ontinu"tion &h"r"&ter# "re &o'$"tible beteen =R!R "n the tr"n#ient run/ or 'ore et"il# #ee @e&tion K-/ Re&"ll th"t =R!R &"n not e"l ith non-line"ritie# (#u&h "# #"tur"tion "n h+#tere#i#)/ Thi# &oul onl+ be one %i" eCtern"l "ition o, " #"tur"tion &ur%e/ :ut in #u&h &"#e =R!R $ro$er #houl e"l ith  eC J 0 i&h i# i'$o##ible/

10


1. O+%ER6E &ARA44E4 "ONTE CAR4O

H19b

1

$or &arallel %TATI%TIC%

The $hilo#o$h+ "n theor+ behin P! i# &o%ere in Re,/ U52 #o #u&h in,or'"tion ill not be re$e"te here/ n#te" the $re#ent"tion here ill be li'ite to "n eC$l"n"tion o, the inter"&ti%e i"lo.ue th"t i# $o##ible ,olloin. the $ro.r"' $ro'$t hi&h "$$e"r# "# ,ollo#F ke+ (T @H ? A?? ?T @ AT ; @HT ?TH AR? H
The 6-b+te @R? i# ,ro' either the @TARTP ,ile or " #ub#euent B@R ?TATB e&l"r"tion/ ote th"t loer &"#e i# $re#er%e/ Thi# l"bel 'u#t be uniue ,or "n+ #u&h $"r"llel !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion #in&e it ienti,ie# the $ro&e##/ The B@t"rtin. ti'eB i# the #"'e ,i.ure th"t i# " $"rt o, the he"in. th"t be.in# the <T6 out$ut o, " #i'ul"tion/ The B<"#t-#hot ti'eB i# the ti'e "t hi&h " ro o, the t"ble "# l"#t u$"te "t the &o'$letion o, "nother ener.i*"tion/ K"ri"ble# IT "n R; #ho the nu'ber o, the l"#t&o'$lete ener.i*"tion "n the ter'in"l nu'ber o, #u&h ener.i*"tion#/ ?!: i# the ineC to RA!-b"#e #tor".e o, the ener.i*"tion#/ in"ll+ hi#tor+ o, the ener.i*"tion# i# #tore in the i#k ,ile h"%in. the 40-b+te n"'e l"bele BCtre'" "n #it&h ///B hi&h "# t"ken ,ro' the DP &"r &onne&tin. thi# ,ile to <T2/ @houl the u#er "nt 'ore in,or'"tion he #houl #en B@H A<
&re"te TT 25

B@TART A;AB t"ble# n"'e // &#'ut$ut/bin :R @TAT 
@hon ,ir#t i# the ,ile n"'e o, the B
@houl the u#er "nt to B?TB the#e ro# the+ "re nu'bere -2 ('i#&ell"neou# "t") -1 (,ile lo&kin. ,l".#) "n 0 (in"&ti%it+ ,l".#)/ , " nu'ber ,ollo# the B@HB &o''"n (e/./ B@H 5B or B@H A<< 5B) it ill be


H19b

inter$rete inter$rete "# the re$etition re$etition ti'e in #e&on# ,or the i#$l"+/ i#$l"+/ The loo$ ill &ontinue until it i# i# broken b+ b+ the u#er-ke+e u#er-ke+e interru$t interru$t o, o, @P/ Thi# "##u'e# "##u'e# th"t the u#er-k u#er-ke+e e+e interru interru$t $t i# "%"il"ble "%"il"ble ,or the &o'$uter &o'$uter o, intere#t intere#t/ / , not $erh"$# " &o'$uter-e$enent interru$t o, the $ro&e## ill be reuire/ The B?B &o''"n ill &on&lue either " #in.le $ro&e## or "ll $"r"llel $ro&e##e $ro&e##e# # "t the en o, the on-.oin on-.oin. . ener.i*" ener.i*"tion tion or ener.i ener.i*"ti *"tion#/ on#/ or " #in.le $ro&e## ,ollo the &o''"n b+ the $ro&e## nu'ber (e/./ B? 3B to $ut $ro&e## nu'ber nu'ber 3 to be/ be/ :+ e,inition e,inition the $ro&e## $ro&e## nu'ber nu'ber i# the ro nu'ber nu'ber in the the B@H B@HB B i#$ i#$l" l"+/ +/ To $ut $ut "ll "ll $ro $ro&e# &e##e# #e# to be be #en #en B? B? A<
2


H19b

3

B?THB B?THB "llo# "llo# the the u#er to "ju#t "ju#t the &olu' &olu'n n ith o, the the out$ut/ out$ut/ The &o''"n i# to be ,olloe b+ the '"Ci'u' &olu'n ith hi&h 'u#t not be le## th"n 79 to "%oi "%oi reje&tio reje&tion/ n/ Thi# Thi# i# the #"'e "# the #$e&i"l#$e&i"l-re reue#t ue#t or or BTRAT TPT <@B/ ithout "n+ #u&h e&l"r"tion the trun&"tion ith i# #et eu"l to the out$ut ith I<132 "# e,ine b+ @TARTP "t the #t"rt o, " ne "t" i#k ,ile (not b+ D@TARTP or D?TH hoe%er)/ To #ee the ,ull ro o, the B@HB t"ble reuire# 102 &olu'n# ith "n+ #'"ller ,i.ure trun&"tin. the 40b+te ,ile n"'e on the ri.ht/ ri.ht/ The ,ull ith ith o, B@H B@H TPB reuire# reuire# "n eCtr" 8 &olu'n# (i/e/ 110)/ BAR? BAR?B B re#ul re#ult# t# in the the &on%e &on%er# r#ion ion o, the R R!AT !ATT T? ? out$u out$ut t ,ile ,ile o, " $ro&e## into 80-&olu'n R!ATT? out$ut &"r#/ ollo the &o''"n b+ either the $ro&e $ro&e## ## nu'b nu'ber er (the (the ro nu'ber nu'ber o, the the B@H B@HB B i#$l i#$l"+) "+) or b+ the ,ile n"'e n"'e ,olloin ,olloin. . the t". B<JB (e/./ (e/./ BAR? BAR? <Jbin" <Jbin"r+/b r+/bin)/ in)/ Thi# i# the in$ut/ in$ut/ The out$ut ill ill be $un&he $un&he &"r# ("&&e## ("&&e## b+ DPH)/ DPH)/ or the in%er#e in%er#e o$er"tion o$er"tion (,or R!ATT? in$ut "n R!ATT? out$ut) u#e BAR? RA?B ",ter hi&h the u#er 'u#t &onne&t hi# on in$ut "n out$ut ,ile# u#in. DP/ A# " $ro'$t ill &l"ri,+ the#e in%ol%e unit# 87 "n 88 re#$e&ti%el+ "n the#e 'u#t be ,olloe b+ B;B to "&tu"ll+ $er,or' the &on%er#ion/ The BAR?B &o''"n i# u#e,ul i, the !onte "rlo #i'ul"tion h"# been #$lit beteen to or 'ore in&o'$"tible &o'$uter# or o$er"tin. o$er"tin. #+#te'#/ #+#te'#/ , &our#e &our#e in R!ATT? R!ATT? ,or' ,or' re#ult# re#ult# &"n be be eC&h"n.e eC&h"n.e beteen "n+ to !TP &o'$uter# here"# R!ATT? out$ut ,ile# .ener"ll+ &"n not be/ Pun&he &"r# $ro%ie " uni%er#"l 'eiu' o, eC&h"n.e ",ter hi&h BAR? RA?B re#tore# re#tore# the ori.in"l ori.in"l &o'$uter &o'$uter-e$ene -e$enent nt R!ATT? R!ATT? ,or'/ Al#o the the BAR?B &o''"n "llo# ,or e"#+ hu'"n in#$e&tion "n 'e&h"ni&"l eitin. o, out$ut ,ile# #houl thi# e%er $ro%e to be ne&e##"r+ or e#ir"ble/ BH

H19

1

,I,-D. C:ANGE %WITC: to Convert !ormer %;itc@ed-RB4 Elements to T#pe-==B =

@e&tio @e&tion n -A-4 -A-42 2 eC$l"i eC$l"in# n# the re"#on re"#on ,or the BHA; BHA;  @TH @THB B ,e"tur ,e"ture e in &on#ier"ble &on#ier"ble et"il "n th"t introu&tion introu&tion ill not be re$e"te re$e"te here/ here/ or ill there there be "n+ eC$l"n"tion eC$l"n"tion o, ,or'er ,or'er #it&he #it&he-R -R "n #it&he #it&he-< -< ele'ent ele'ent ,or'"t# ,or'"t# hi&h &"n be ,oun in Rule :ook# $rinte e"rlier th"n the 1982 re'o%"l o, #u&h ele'ent#/

olloin. the BHA; @THB reue#t the u#er &"n $l"&e "n ol !TP "t" in it# entiret+ entiret+  i, thi# i# 'o#t &on%en &on%enient ient/ / h"t the $ro.r" $ro.r"' ' oe# i# i#&"r i#&"r "ll in$ut &"r# throu.h the ,ir#t bl"nk &"r (,or " &o'$lete "t" &"#e thi# oul oul be the the bl"nk bl"nk &"r enin. enin. br"n& br"n&h h &"r#)/ &"r#)/ Then Then it re"# re"# &"r# &"r# th"t "re "##u'e "##u'e to be #it&h #it&h &"r# until until the bl"nk &"r &"r ter'in"ti ter'in"tin. n. the#e/ the#e/ All l"ter l"ter &"r# &"r# throu. throu.h h the ,ollo ,olloin. in. B:; B:;  ?ATA ?ATA A@B A@B #e$"r #e$"r"to "tor r &"r &"r "re "l#o "l#o i.nore/ @o it i# onl+ onl+ #it&h &"r# th"t "re &on#iere &on#iere "n onl+ onl+ the #it&he#it&heR "n #it&he-< #it&he-< ele'ent# ele'ent# "'on. the#e the#e "re "&tu"ll+ "&tu"ll+ $ro&e##e/ $ro&e##e/ ther #it&he# #it&he# "re i.nore i.nore/ / Thi# Thi# illu#t illu#tr"t r"te e b+ the #e&on #e&on #ub&"# #ub&"#e e o, :H!AR :H!ARI I ?-14 ?-14 hi&h hi&h &ont"in# in,or'"ti%e &o''ent in,or'"tionF

:;  ?ATA A@  2n o, 2 #ub&"#e# &on%ert# ol T+$e-91 92 or 93 to $#euo-nonline"r/ $#euo-nonli ne"r/ HA; @TH ?1 ?2 1/0 S @erie# R-<- ill be i#&"re o, &our#e 91<T R;HT 0/36 S ro' $/ 20 eC"'$le o, 1980 Rule :ook  1 0/0 300/ 0/3 200/ 0/6 150/ 1000/ 150/ 9999 91 ?1 ?2 P< PR /256 S in"l &"r ,ro' $/ 20 o, 1980 Rule :ook :
Pun&he Pun&he  out$ut out$ut in&lu in&lue# e# the ori.in ori.in"l "l #it&h #it&h &"r# &"r# on &o''en &o''ent t &"r# &"r# "# o&u'ent o&u'ent"tio "tion n ,or the T+$e-98 T+$e-98 "n T+$e-99 T+$e-99 ele'ent# ele'ent# th"t ,ollo/ ,ollo/ ther ther &o''ent &o''ent &"r# &"r# l"bel the ne ne "t"/ Thi# i# illu#tr illu#tr"te "te b+ the be.inn be.innin. in. o, the $un&he $un&he out$ut ,ro' :H!ARI ?-14F

!"rker &"r $re&ein. ne !TP "t" &"#e/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 63/ on%ert #it&he-R< &"r# to to $#euo-nonline"r/ Thi# &oe ill re" "t" t+$e# 91-Ti'e-?e$enent "n $un&he "# $#euo-nonline"r ele'ent# to 'eet T+$e-91F $ie&ei#e line"r re#i#tor h"r"&teri#ti&/ 0/0 300/ h"r"&teri#ti&/ 0/3 200/ h"r"&teri#ti&/ 0/6 150/ h"r"&teri#ti&/ 1000/ 150/ h"r"&teri#ti&/ 9999 T+$e-91F $ie&ei#e line"r re#i#tor o''ent &"r/ !?? J 77/ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 78/ T+$e-92F #it&he re#i#t"n&e o''ent &"r/ !?? J 80/ T+$e-93F @it&he inu&t"n&e Reue#t ,or ,lu#hin. o, $un&h bu,,er/

:;  ?ATA A@  2n o, 2 #ub&"#e# &on%ert# ol T+$e-91 92 or 93 to $#euo-nonline"r/ HA; @TH R 92-@it&he Re#i#t"n&e "n 93-@it&he nu&tor/ @u&h ol "t" ill be &on%erte 'oern !TP reuire'ent#/ 91<T R;HT 0/36 1  0/0 300/  0/3 200/  0/6 150/  1000/ 150/  9999 91 ?1 ?2 P< PR /256  T+$e-92 #it&he-R ele'ent ,ollo# (to be &on%erte)F  34567890123456789012345678901234567 89012345678901234567890 92?AA

H19

A li#tin. o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# no bein. ,lu#he ,ro' $un&h bu,,er ,ollo#/ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ  91<T R;HT 0/36 91<T R;HT 3333/  K@TART 0/36  TR in #e&/ R(TR) in oh'#  0/0 300/ 0/0 300/  0/3 200/ 0/3 200/  0/6 150/ 0/6 150/  1000/ 150/ 1000/ 150/  9999 9999 F F JJJJJJJJJW n o, <T7 $un&he &"r# "# ,lu#he b+ DPH reue#t XJJJJJJJ

2


H19e

1

,I,-E. O4D TO NEW FNO to update pre-"0=. FnO data cards

@e&tion -A-23 eC$l"in# "&&e## to thi# #u$$ortin. $ro.r"' b+ 'e"n# o, "n B
The B
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456  ------------------------------------------------------------------------Reue#t to &on%ert ol Ln "t" to ne ,or'"t#/ 
t i# the u#er# re#$on#ibilit+ to $i&k u$ the $un&he &"r# (%i" DPH reue#t) #in&e otheri#e there i# no out$ut/


,I,-G %ATRA TO DERI6E (

H19.

1

Bi) &EA6A4E CR6E%

Purpose & Applications

The #$e&i,i&"tion o, nonline"r inu&tor# reuire# " (,luC-&urrent) #"tur"tion &ur%e rel"tin. the tot"l ,luC link".e to the ele'ent &urrent/ @u&h &ur%e &"n be eri%e either b+ u#in. R!@ (%olt".e &urrent) re"in.# or b+ u#in. " (&urrent in&re'ent"l inu&t"n&e) &h"r"&teri#ti&/ :oth "$$ro"&he# "re $o##ible "n ill be i#&u##e #e$"r"tel+ be&"u#e o, the i,,eren&e# in "t" entr+/ The $un&he re#ult# (Uu"tionF $#i i) then &"n be u#e in the #"tur"ble tr"n#,or'er &o'$onent 'oel (#e&tion K-) or in the nonline"r inu&tor (t+$e-98 $#euo-nonline"r re"&tor or t+$e-93 nonline"r inu&t"n&e) th"t &"n be "e eCtern"ll+ to line"r tr"n#,or'er 'oel# obt"ine %i" :TRA (#e&tion ==-) or =R!R (#e&tion ==-A)/ Althou.h the re#ultin. #"tur"tion &ur%e ill be #in.le-%"lue h+#tere#i# &"n be t"ken into "&&ount b+ '"nu"ll+ i#$l"&e'ent o, the %"lue# o, the &urrent/ The#e re#ult# th"n &"n be u#e ,or the t+$e-96 $#euo-nonline"r h+#teri& re"&tor (#e&tion K-?)/ Thi# #olution i# "n "ltern"ti%e ,or the #$e&i"l #u$$ortin. routine H@?AT (#e&tion ==-H)/ Input data deck structure for SATURA

n .ener"l "n in$ut "t"-e&k ,or the #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA h"# the ,olloin. #tru&tureF 1/ :;  ?ATA A@ 2/ @ATRA - #$e&i"l reue#t to "&ti%"te #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA (#ee #e&tion -A3/ DRA@ - reue#t (o$tion"l) to &le"r $un&h bu,,er 4/ Per unit b"#e #$e&i,i&"tion &"r 5/ "r .rou$in. #u$$l+in. ( R!@ K R!@) or (&urrent in&re'ent"l inu&t"n&e) bre"k $oint# ter'in"te b+ " #$e&i"l ,l". &"r 6/ DPH - reue#t (o$tion"l) to "&ti%"te $un&hin. Re'"rk th"t the $oint# 3 throu.h 6 '"+ be re$e"te "# '"n+ ti'e# "# e#ire/ "&h #u&h .rou$in. then i# &on#iere "# " #e$"r"te "t" &"#e &orre#$onin. to " i,,erent #"tur"tion &ur%e/ 7/ :
All other &"r# "re #el,-


H19.

2

,I,-G-*.a. (I R"%B 6 R"%) data entr#

5 4 3 2 % 5  * / ; S M R

1

RMS #,,%"* + F+.1 I

 (  #,-% $?%+@+%&  ,%< ?;+"*$ RMS RMS

169

ith "n i'$re##e #inu#oi"l %olt".e "n R!@ re"in. o, the non-#inu#oi"l &urrent into the inin. i# obt"ine/ @u$$ortin. $ro.r"' B@ATRAB i# e#i.ne to &on%ert ,ro' the u#er# R!@ (%-i) &ur%e to the $e"k %"lue# o, " ( y-i) &ur%e neee ,or tr"n#ient #i'ul"tion/ The u#er in$ut# hi# (%-i) &ur%e (R!@ %"lue#) "# " #euen&e o, $oint# ith line"r inter$ol"tion beteen the#e %"lue# "##u'e/ The out$ut ( y-i) &ur%e ($e"k %"lue#) i# likei#e $ie&ei#e-line"r ith the #"'e nu'ber o, $oint#/ olloin. "$$roCi'"tion# "re '"eF

1/ The u#e o, line"r inter$ol"tion in beteen $oint#/ 2/ The u#e o, ,inite-i,,eren&e "$$roCi'"tion to #inu#oi"l eC&it"tion/ nee.ree #te$-#i*e i# u#e "lon. ith tr"$e*oi"l-rule inte.r"tion here neee/ 3/ H+#tere#i# i# i.nore/
nl+ &"r t+$e 4 "n 5

"r 4/ The &"r ,or'"t ,or the $er unit b"#e #$e&i,i&"tion &"r F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

170

FRE

(BASE

E8.0

E8.0

SBASE

E8.0

)THIRD

I8


H19.

3

&arameters

ROF ,reuen&+ (in H*) o, the i'$re##e #inu#o_"l %olt".e #our&e/ K:A@F #in.le-$h"#e b"#e %olt".e (in kK) on hi&h the in$ut bre"k $oint# "re b"#e/ @:A@F #in.le-$h"#e b"#e $oer (in !KA) on hi&h the in$ut bre"k $oint# "re b"#e/ ITHR?F $"r"'eter &ontrollin. the t+$e o, out$ut/ J 0 F onl+ ,ir#t-u"r"nt out$utM J 1 F ,ull &ur%e (,ir#t- "n thir-u"r"nt out$ut)/

"r 5/ eCt &o'e# " &"r .rou$in. #u$$l+in. the ( R!@KR!@) bre"k $oint# F nl+ one bre"k$oint $er &"r &"n be #$e&i,ie/ ne #houl #t"rt b+ #$e&i,+in. the bre"k $oint &lo#e#t to the ori.in (o'ittin. $oint (0/ 0/) thou.h) "n then 'o%in. &ontinuou#l+ ""+/ The &ur%e 'u#t be #in.le-%"lue/ @u&&e##i%e #lo$e# #houl be non-e&re"#in./ The #lo$e e,ine b+ the l"#t bre"k$oint ill be eCtr"$ol"te to in,init+ (&,r/ ,i./ 1)/ K"lue# "re in $er unit b"#e on the $re%iou#l+-#$e&i,ie #in.le-$h"#e b"#e F

* :"&

/ :"& =

kA 24  :"& / R* ( = / R* A  / :"& A 25  R* ( =  R* k   :"& k The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e i# "# ,ollo# F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I

RMS

E16.0

.U.

(

RMS

.U.

E16.0

171 - The '"Ci'u' nu'ber o, bre"k$oint# i# li'ite to 100/ - , the #"tur"tion &ur%e i# intene ,or " t+$e-98 $#euo-nonline"r ele'ent " '"Ci'u' o, ,i%e bre"k$oint# i# re&o''ene in orer to "%oi nu'eri&"l tr"&kin. $roble'#/ - n the other h"n ,or " t+$e-93 true nonline"r ele'ent '"n+ bre"k$oint# "roun the knee$oint o, the #"tur"tion &ur%e #houl be u#e hene%er " #'ooth "$$roCi'"tion o, the nonline"r '".neti*in. &urrent i# o, intere#t/

Thi# &"r .rou$in. #houl be ter'in"te b+ ,olloin. #$e&i"l ,l". &"r F


1

2

3

4

5

H19.

6

7

4

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

9 9 9 9

172

,I,-G.*.. (IB4) data entr#

n#te" o, "n ( R!@ KR!@) &h"r"&teri#ti& the u#er h"# the o$tion o, in$uttin. " &urrent %er#u# in&re'ent"l inu&t"n&e &h"r"&teri#ti&/ The tr"$e*oi"l rule o, inte.r"tion i# then u#e in thi# &"#e to &on%ert the inu&t"n&e &ur%e into the e#ire out$ut &ur%e o, ,luC %er#u# &urrent F

1

y i =  0 L?d?

y 1 = 0

L k + L k - 1 F. i k - ik - 1 y k = y k - 1 + E 2

L

1 A

L

2

L

3

L

% 4 " . * 4 # & " + / . * " % 7 % , 4 " +

4

L

+

1

+

2

k = 2,3,,,,

+

3

+

4

+

5

5

F+. 29 C#,,%"* -%,$#$ +",%7%"*/ +"&#*"% 0,*%,+$*+

173

"r 4/ The &"r ,or'"t ,or the $er unit b"#e #$e&i,i&"tion F


2

3

4

5

H19. 6

7

5 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

FLA'

SCALI

E8.0

E8.0

)THIRD

SCALL

E8.0

I8

174 &arameters 


R!@

@A<F 'ulti$li&"tor ,or the &urrent &oorin"te o, the in$ut bre"k$oint in orer to obt"in re#ult# in A'$#/ @A<
oteF , both @A< "n @A<< "re bl"nk or *ero the #u$$lie &h"r"&teri#ti& i# uner#too bein. #$e&i,ie in unit# o, A'$# "n Henrie# #o th"t no &on%er#ion i# ne&e##"r+/ ITHR?F #ee $oint 2/"/ oteF Althou.h ,or the (<) "t" entr+ the ori.in $oint (0/ 0) o, the #"tur"tion &ur%e "$$e"r# in the $rinte out$ut thi# %"lue ill be o'itte in the $un&he out$ut/ "r 5/ "r .rou$in. #$e&i,+in. " &urrent %er#u# "n in&re'ent"l inu&t"n&e &h"r"&teri#ti&/ The &urrent bre"k$oint# i k 'u#t be 'onotone in&re"#in. #t"rtin. ith %"lue *ero/ K"lue# "re in A'$# (i, @A< J 0) or otheri#e i k > @A< i# in A'$#/ The in&re'ent"l inu&t"n&e %"lue# L k =

 d y   di 

29 i k

"ll 'u#t be $o#iti%e/ @A<< i# in Henrie#/

K"lue# "re in Henrie# (i, @A<< J 0) or otheri#e

The &"r ,or'"t to be u#e i# "# ,ollo# F 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I

<

E16.0

L

<

E16.0

175 The #"'e re&o''en"tion# "# in $oint 2/"/ "re %"li/ Thi# &"r .rou$in. #houl be ter'in"te b+ the #"'e #$e&i"l ,l". &"r "# eC$l"ine in 2/"/ 3. Example


H19.

6

on#ier " ,i%e-le. &ore-t+$e tr"n#,or'er ith @TAR-&onne&te hi.h-%olt".e inin. ith .roune neutr"l "n ?
ro' the $o#iti%e-#euen&e eC&it"tion te#t ,olloin. "t" "re "%"il"ble F T"ble 1/

here

eC

eC

PeC

IK

A

I

22/76

8/20

206/2

24/29

11/35

240/26

25/64

15/50

270/13

27/00

21/16

311/00

27/50

24/68

323/03

28/47

31/63

355/48

29/10

38/30

385/41

32/50

80/97

560/00

eC J eC&it"tion %olt".e (R!@ line-line %"lue) eC J eC&it"tion &urrent (R!@ three-$h"#e "%er".e) PeC J eC&it"tion lo## (three-$h"#e %"lue)

A# " ,ir#t "$$roCi'"tion the R!@ eC&it"tion &urrent  eC in " ?
/ & ,G  / & 

3 :%m$?iH" ?&IJ&Ht&d 30

urther the R!@ '" "$$roCi'"te b+

.neti*in.

&urrent

/ m ,w  Hen&e the &h"r"&teri#ti& F

"bo%e

'e"#ure

 '

  &  -    3 & 

2 &,G

/

T"ble

in

1

the

?
inin.

i#

2

reu&e#

to

T"ble 2F eC

'

IK

A

0/8430

3/65

0/8996

5/66

0/9496

8/23

1/000

11/60

,olloin.

#"tur"tion


H19.

1/019

13/70

1/054

17/78

1/078

21/66

1/204

46/40

7

hen &on%ertin. thi# &h"r"&teri#ti& into in$ut "t" ,or #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA e ,ir#t nee to &on%ert to $er unit %"lue# ,or the eui%"lent $h"#e/ @b"#e J 7503 J 250 !KA Kb"#e J 27 kK b"#e J 750(3>27) J 9259A The in$ut "t" (t"ble 3) &"n be obt"ine ,ro' t"ble 2 u#in. the ,olloin. &on%er#ion ,or'ul"# F R!@($u) J  R!@(A)   b"#e(A) KR!@($u) J K R!@(kK)  K b"#e(kK) Thi# ,in"ll+ re#ult# in ,olloin. t"ble F

T"ble 3F KR!@($u)

R!@($u)

0/8430

0/3942 -3

0/8996

0/6113 -3

0/9496

0/8888 -3

1/000

1/253

-3

1/019

1/480

-3

1/054

1/920

-3

1/078

2/333

-3

1/204

5/011

-3

The in$ut ,ile ,or #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA then look# "# ,ollo#F :;  ?ATA A@  in$ut "t" ,or #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA  C&it"tion te#t re#ult# ,or 3-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er  :A@ J 27 k% (R!@ eui%"lent $h"#e)  @:A@ J 7503 J 250 !KA (eui%"lent $h"#e)  b"#e J 250  27 J 9/26 kA   345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DRA@ @ATRAT 50/0 27/00 250/0 1 0 /3942 -3 /8430 /6113 -3 /8996 /8888 -3 /9496 1/253 -3 1/0 1/480 -3 1/019 1/920 -3 1/054 2/333 -3 1/078


H19.

5/011 -3 1/204 9999 DPH :
The &orre#$onin. out$ut look# "# ,ollo# F o''ent &"r/ !?? J 1/  "t"FA;?@ATRA3/ !"rker &"r $re&ein. ne !TP "t" &"#e/ :;  ?ATA A@ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 3/  in$ut "t" ,or #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA o''ent &"r/ !?? J 4/  C&it"tion te#t re#ult# ,or 3-$h"#e tr"n#,or'er o''ent &"r/ !?? J 5/  :A@ J 27 k% (R!@ eui%"lent $h"#e) o''ent &"r/ !?? J 6/  @:A@ J 7503 J 250 !KA (eui%"lent $h"#e) o''ent &"r/ !?? J 7/  b"#e J 250  27 J 9/26 kA o''ent &"r/ !?? J 8/  o''ent &"r/ !?? J 9/  345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 o''ent &"r/ !?? J 10/  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 r"#e "ll o, 0 &"r# in the $un&h bu,,er/ DRA@ Reue#t ,or '".neti& #"tur"tion &o'$ut"tion/ @ATRAT !i#&/ &on#t/ 5/000N01 2/700N01 2/500N02 0 50/0 27/00 250/0 1 0 ( K) $oint/ 3/94200-04 8/43000-01 /3942 -3 /8430 ( K) $oint/ 6/11300-04 8/99600-01 /6113 -3 /8996 ( K) $oint/ 8/88800-04 9/49600-01 /8888 -3 /9496 ( K) $oint/ 1/25300-03 1/00000N00 1/253 -3 1/0 ( K) $oint/ 1/48000-03 1/01900N00 1/480 -3 1/019 ( K) $oint/ 1/92000-03 1/05400N00 1/920 -3 1/054 ( K) $oint/ 2/33300-03 1/07800N00 2/333 -3 1/078 ( K) $oint/ 5/01100-03 1/20400N00 5/011 -3 1/204 @$e&i"l ter'in"tion-o,-$oint# &"r/  9999 ?eri%e #"tur"tion &ur%e .i%e# $e"k &urrent "# " ,un&tion o, ,luC F Ro urrent U"'$ luC U%olt-#e& 1 0/0000000000 0/0000000000 2 5/1618795027 102/4604983603 3 12/3418337241 109/3398153320 4 17/5040965216 115/4169504661 5 24/8062758133 121/5427026812 6 31/4592838067 123/8520140322 7 39/1754389519 128/1060086260 8 49/5865689002 131/0230334903 9 97/2627733421 146/3374140282 9999 eCt &he&k the eri%e &ur%e b+ ine$enent re%er#e &o'$ut"tion/ A##u'in. #inu#oi"l %olt".e (,luC) "t the le%el o, e"&h $oint r'# &urrent i# ,oun nu'eri&"ll+/ Thi# &ur%e #houl be eu"l to the ori.in"l -K $oint# in$utte/ Ro urrent in P// Kolt".e in P// 2 0/00039420 0/84300000 3 0/00061130 0/89960000 4 0/00088880 0/94960000 5 0/00125300 1/00000000 6 0/00148000 1/01900000 7 0/00192000 1/05400000 8 0/00233300 1/07800000 9 0/00501100 1/20400000 Reue#t ,or ,lu#hin. o, $un&h bu,,er/

DPH

A li#tin. o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# no bein. ,lu#he ,ro' $un&h bu,,er ,ollo#/ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ  WNNNNNNX "r# $un&he b+ #u$$ort routine on 29-un-89 09/04/57 WNNNNNNX  @ATRAT  50/0 27/00 250/0 1 0  /3942 -3 /8430  /6113 -3 /8996  /8888 -3 /9496  1/253 -3 1/0  1/480 -3 1/019  1/920 -3 1/054  2/333 -3 1/078  5/011 -3 1/204  9999 5/16187950N00 1/02460498N02 1/23418337N01 1/09339815N02 1/75040965N01 1/15416950N02 2/48062758N01 1/21542703N02 3/14592838N01 1/23852014N02 3/91754390N01 1/28106009N02 4/95865689N01 1/31023033N02 9/72627733N01 1/46337414N02 9999 JJJJJJJJJW n o, <T7 $un&he &"r# "# ,lu#he b+ DPH reue#t XJJJJJJJ

The re#ultin. ( yi) &h"r"&teri#ti& look# "# ,ollo# F

8


H19.

9

+, $

,

$ A $*#,*+;" @/#H

,

A ,*%& @/#H

+

7:

176 A,ter the ,luC y(t) eC&ee# #"tur"tion ,luC Uu"tionF $#i #ub # the l"#t #lo$e o, the non-line"rit+ i# eter'ine b+ the "ir-&ore inu&t"n&e < "ir (the "ition"l ,luC tr"%el# in "ir)/

The "ir-&ore inu&t"n&e < "ir &"n be "$$roCi'"te b+ the .eo'etr+ o, the &orre#$onin. inin. (in thi# &"#e the lo %olt".e inin.)/ 2 L:i%  m 0 .w . A  /

here

A J &ro##-#e&tion"l "re" o, the inin. (17925 &' 2)  J inin. len.th le. len.th (263 &')  J nu'ber o, turn# (54) m0 J $er'e"bilit+ o, ,ree #$"&e (1/256637 > 10 -8 H&')

or the tr"n#,or'er &on#iere < "ir  0/0025 H/ Thi# %"lue in&lue# the le"k".e i'$e"n&e o, the lo %olt".e inin./ , e u#e the :TRA !"triC ,or the line"r tr"n#,or'er 'oel the nonline"r ele'ent# "re &onne&te to the lo %olt".e tr"n#,or'er ter'in"l# in "ition to the line"r tr"n#,or'er ele'ent#/ (n thi# &"#e it i# not ne&e##"r+ to &orre&t < "ir b+ the inin. le"k".e inu&t"n&e) (:+ u#in. the UA UR !"triC ithout eC&it"tion in,or'"tion it i# "l#o not ne&e##"r+ to &orre&t the nonline"r inu&t"n&e ele'ent# b+ the line"r '".neti*in. re"&t"n&e)/ or the tr"n#,or'er in ue#tion y#1/2yr146K#/ , yre#J0/6 yrJ72/9K# in one le. the ,luC in thi# inin. "t it# ,ir#t '"Ci'u' be&o'e# F 2 > 121/54 K# N 0/6 > 121/54 K# J 316 K#/ The "ir ,luC y"irJ 316 K# - 146 K# J 170 K#/ The l"#t $oint o, the nonline"r &h"r"&teri#ti& &"n be &"l&ul"te ,ro' F

D' J 170K#0/0025H F 68000A ' J 68000 A N 97 A J 68097 A


H19h

1

,I,-:. :%DAT to create t#pe-=8 @#steretic inductor c@aracteristic '. &urpose and applications

The #$e&i,i&"tion o, re'"nent '".neti#' reuire# " (,luC-&urrent) h+#tere#i# &ur%e/ Re&"ll th"t the #h"$e o, the h+#tere#i# loo$ ,or "n inu&tor e$en# $ri'"ril+ on the '"teri"l o, the &ore hile the #&"lin. o, the h+#tere#i# loo$ e$en# on .eo'etr+ the nu'ber o, turn# "n other &on#tru&tion ,"&tor#/

h"t i# "&tu"ll+ #tore in #u$$ortin. routine H@?AT i# e##enti"ll+ the #h"$e o, the loo$ ,or " &ert"in t+$e o, '"teri"l/ The u#er then #houl $ro%ie in,or'"tion ,or the "&tu"l re"&tor bein. #$e&i,ie #o th"t " &orre&t #&"lin. &"n be $er,or'e/ Hen&e the "t" entr+ i# %er+ #i'$le/

The $un&he re#ult# (Uu"tionF $#i i) &"n be u#e ,or the t+$e-96 h+#tereti& inu&tor (#e&tion K-?)/ $ to no onl+ one &ur%e #h"$e (&orre#$onin. to AR! !n) &"n be #ele&te/ ith #o'e &"re #u$$ortin. routine @ATRA (#e&tion ==-;) &"n be u#e to .ener"te h+#tere#i# loo$# ,or other '"teri"l# it #houl be note/ *. Input data dec< structure $or :%DAT

n .ener"l "n in$ut ,olloin. #tru&ture F

"t"

e&k

,or

#u$$ortin.

routine

H@?AT

h"#

the

1/ :;  ?ATA A@ 2/ H@TR@@ - #$e&i"l reue#t to "&ti%"te #u$$ortin. routine H@?AT (#ee #e&tion -A-45)/ 3/ DRA@ - reue#t (o$tion"l) to &le"r $un&h bu,,er 4/ #h"$e #$e&i,i&"tion &"r 5/ #&"le #$e&i,i&"tion &"r 6/ DPH - reue#t (o$tion"l) to "&ti%"te $un&hin./ Re'"rk th"t the $oint# 4 throu.h 6 '"+ be re$e"te "# '"n+ ti'e# "# e#ire/ "&h #u&h .rou$in. then i# &on#iere "# " #e$"r"te "t" &"#e &orre#$onin. to " i,,erent h+#tere#i# loo$/ 7/ :

1

2

3

4

5

H19h

6

7

2 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

ITYE

LE(EL

I8

I8

177

&arameters

TPF t+$e &oe #$e&i,+in. the '".neti& &ore '"teri"l o, the inu&tor/ J 1F AR! !h oriente #ili&on #teel ($erh"$# other "ltern"ti%e# ill be $ro%ie l"ter)/

<K
o, "&&ur"&+/ 4 to 5 $oint# 10 $oint# 15 $oint# 20 to 25 $oint#/

"r 5/ @&"le #$e&i,i&"tion &"r F The #&"lin. o, the h+#tere#i# loo$ e$en# on the .eo'etr+ the nu'ber o, turn# "n other ,"&tor# o, the "&tu"l &on#tru&tion/ Thi# #&"lin. &"n be ,ull+ #$e&i,ie %i" the lo&"tion o, the $o#iti%e #"tur"tion $oint/ :+ e,inition thi# i# the $oint in the ,ir#t u"r"nt here the h+#tere#i# loo$ &h"n.e# ,ro' bein. 'ulti%"lue to bein. #in.le-%"lue/ olloin. &"r ,or'"t "llo# +ou to #$e&i,+ thi# $oint F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

CURSAT

E8.0

FLXSAT

E8.0

178

&arameters

R@ATF &urrent (in A) o, the $o#iti%e #"tur"tion $oint/ <=@ATF ,luC (in K#) o, the $o#iti%e #"tur"tion $oint/ oteF :+ e,inition the $o#iti%e #"tur"tion $oint i# the $oint o, the ,ir#t u"r"nt here the h+#tere#i# loo$ &h"n.e# ,ro' bein. 'ulti%"lue to bein. #in.le-%"lue/ ne #u..e#te "+ o, eter'inin. %"lue# ,or both the#e &oorin"te# ,ro' nor'"l or ? '".neti*in. &ur%e# i# "# ,ollo#/ :e.innin. "t the


H19h

3

ri.ht (i/e/ line"r $"rt) on the nor'"l '".neti*"tion &ur%e " #tr"i.ht-e.e i# u#e to eCtr"$ol"te thi# line b"&k to the le,t/ The $oint here thi# #tr"i.ht line "n the "&tu"l &ur%e ,ir#t be.in to i%er.e i# then t"ken "# the $o#iti%e #"tur"tion $oint/ t i# re&o''ene to u#e the ? '".neti*"tion &ur%e #in&e thi# i# 'ore re"il+ "%"il"ble th"n h+#tere#i# loo$#/

A h+#tere#i# loo$ #houl be here

0. E2ample

The ,olloin. i# "n eCtr"&t ,ro' ?13/

The in$ut look# "# ,ollo# F

4:;  ?ATA A@ H@TR@@  TP <K< S Reue#t Ar'&o !4 oriente #ili&on #teel -- onl+ 1 "%"il"ble 1 2 S Th"t "# TPJ1/ A# ,or <K
The out$ut look# "# ,ollo# F o''ent &"r/ !?? J 1/  "t"FA;?H@/ !"rker &"r $re&ein. ne !TP "t" &"#e/ :;  ?ATA A@ Reue#t to '"ke T+$e-96 h+#tere#i# br"n&h &"r#/ H@TR@@ o''ent &"r/ !?? J 4/  TP <K< S Reue#t Ar'&o !4 oriente #ili&on #teel -- onl+ 1 "%"il"ble :e.in :-H .ener"tor/ TP J 1/ <K< J 2/  1 2 S Th"t "# TPJ1/ A# ,or <K
DPH

A li#tin. o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# no bein. ,lu#he ,ro' $un&h bu,,er ,ollo#/ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ  WNNNNNNX "r# $un&he b+ #u$$ort routine on 29-un-89 06/33/56 WNNNNNNX  H@TR@@   TP <K< S Reue#t Ar'&o !4 oriente #ili&on #teel -- onl+ 1 "%"il"b  1 2 S Th"t "# TPJ1/ A# ,or <K
5/70588235-01

6/56250000N01

7/52941176-01

1/12500000N02

8/64705882-01

2/07812500N02

9/41176471-01

Rulebook ATP (junio 1996 - internet) 5/00000000N02

1/00000000N00

6/87500000N02

1/00588235N00

9999/ JJJJJJJJJW

n o, <T7 $un&he &"r# "# ,lu#he b+

DPH

reue#t

XJJJJJJJ

. "ZNO FITTER" to Punch Type-92 nonlinear branch cards

H19h

4


H19i

1

,I,-I-' Pur$o#e "n "$$li&"tion

The #u$$ortin. routine BL TTRB &"n be u#e to eri%e " true ("# o$$o#e to $#euo) non-line"r re$re#ent"tion (t+$e 92 br"n&h &"r) ,or " *in&-oCie #ur.e "rre#ter #t"rtin. ,ro' '"nu,"&turer# "t" ,or the #ur.e "rre#ter/ The 'oel &"n be u#e #u&&e##,ull+ to re$re#ent both ."$le## "rre#ter# "# ell "# "rre#ter# eui$$e ith #erie# $"##i%e ."$# or #hunt $"##i%e ."$#/ @erie# "&ti%e ."$# (i/e/ &urrent li'itin.) &"n not be re$re#ente "eu"tel+ b+ 'e"n# o, the L 'oel e#&ribe here/ There i# #o'e "$$li&"tion o, the $re#ent 'oel to #ili&on &"rbie (@i) "rre#ter# "lthou.h #eriou# ($erh"$# un"&&e$t"ble) "$$roCi'"tion# 'u#t be '"e/ o +n"'i&# o, the ."$ &"n be $ro%ie/ Hen&e the $o##ibilitie# o, #u&h u#".e ill not be e'$h"#i*e/ n e##en&e #u&h u#".e re$re#ent# the @i blo&k %er+ "&&ur"tel+ (Bto eC$onenti"l #e.'ent# "$$e"r to $ro%ie " %er+ "eu"te ,itB) hile i.norin. tot"ll+ the +n"'i&# o, the ."$ (the ."$ 'oellin. ",ter ,l"#ho%er)/ n the ori.in"l !TP " ei&"te @i #ur.e "rre#ter 'oel (t+$e 94 br"n&he#) i eCi#t/ ?"t" "&ui#ition "# too &o'$li&"te "n not #u,,i&ientl+ o&u'ente/ Hen&e #u$$ort o, th"t 'oel "# ter'in"te/ The b"#i& &on#tr"int eu"tion ,or Ln 'oellin. i# re#i#ti%e "n i# hi.hl+ nonline"r (eC$onenti"l)F

 v  i =      %&K 

'

33

here BiB i# the "rre#ter &urrent B%B i# the "rre#ter %olt".e "n B$B BK re,B "n BB "re &on#t"nt# o, the e%i&e/ T+$i&"ll+ one $i&k# the re,eren&e %olt".e BKre,B to be ti&e the r"te %olt".e or #o'ethin. &lo#e to thi#/ n theor+ the &hoi&e i# "rbitr"r+ (it i# "n eCtr" $"r"'eter note)/ Hoe%er " .oo &hoi&e o, Kre, nor'"li*e# the eu"tion "n $re%ent# nu'eri&"l o%er,lo urin. the eC$onenti"tion/ on#t"nt# B$B "n BB "re uniue $"r"'eter# o, the e%i&e/ ?ue to the eCtre'e nonline"rit+ o, Ln &h"r"&teri#ti&# %er+ little &urrent i# r"n ,or %olt".e# th"t "re #ub#t"nti"ll+ belo the r"te %olt".e (e/./ 0/5>>30 J 9/-10)/ @o in orer to "%oi the $o##ibilit+ o, uner,lo urin. eC$onenti"tion "n "l#o to #$ee the nu'eri&"l #olution " line"r 'oel i# "&tu"ll+ u#e ,or lo %olt".e# "n lo &urrent# (#ee A!M &"r nu'ber 2) the #o-&"lle le"k".e &urrent re.ion/ :ut thi# i# hien out o, #i.ht o, the u#er "n it nee not &on&ern hi'/ n $h+#i&"l ter'# the #olution i# un",,e&te b+ #u&h #i'$li,i&"tion/ The nonline"r K- "rre#ter &h"r"&teri#ti& &"n be "$$roCi'"te b+ "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, eC$onenti"l #e.'ent#/ :oth ."$$e "n ."$le## "rre#ter# &"n be re$re#ente/ The i,,eren&e i# '"e throu.h the #$e&i,i&"tion o, K

1/ 2/

H19i

2

the u#er '"+ #$e&i,+ the nu'ber o, eC$onenti"l# or &ur%e #e.'ent# "n the boun"rie# o, the #e.'ent#/ the $ro.r"' &"n eter'ine the nu'ber o, eC$onenti"l# or &ur%e #e.'ent# "uto'"ti&"ll+ b"#e on the '"Ci'u' $er'i##ible rel"ti%e ,ittin. error #$e&i,ie b+ the u#er/ Thi# i# the 'ore &o''on &"#e/

An o$tion"l B:RAHB &"r "llo# the u#er to n"'e the ter'in"l noe# ,or the T+$e-92 br"n&h &"r# th"t ill be $un&he/ Pun&he re#ult# "re i''ei"tel+ in the &orre&t ,or'"t to be u#e ,or nonline"r br"n&he# o, t+$e 92 (#e&tion K/)/ or "n eC"'$le e re,er to ?39/ ,I,-I-* n$ut "t" e&k #tru&ture ,or L TTR

n .ener"l "n in$ut "t" e&k #tru&ture ,or the #u$$ortin. routine ARR?AT h"# the ,olloin. #tru&tureF 1/ :;  ?ATA A@ 2/ L TTR 3/ DRA@ (o$tion"l) 4/ :RAH #$e&i,i&"tion &"r (o$tion"l) 5/ 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# 6/ &"r .rou$in. to #$e&i,+ the (K) &h"r"&teri#ti& ter'in"te b+ bl"nk &"r 7/ &"r# th"t #$e&i,+ the ,l"#ho%er beh"%iour ter'in"te b+ " bl"nk &"r (onl+ hen A5 W 0 "n K
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Z N !

F I T T E R

179 3/ DRA@ (o$tion"l) DRA@ reue#t i# o$tion"l "n #er%e# to &le"r the $un&h bu,,er 4/ :RAH #$e&i,i&"tion &"r (o$tion"l)


1

2

3

4

H19i

5

6

7

3

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

BRAN CH

SEN D1

A6

REC1

SEND2

A6

A6

REC2

A6

SEND3

REC3

A6

A6

180 Note

U@?(i)R(i) "re the ter'in"l en# (#enin. en "n re&ei%in. en) ,or $h"#e i/ The u#u"l n"'in. &on%ention i# u#e/ A bl"nk ,or " n"'e ini&"te# ire&t &onne&tion to .roun/ The nu'ber o, $h"#e# i# #$e&i,ie b+ %"ri"ble PHA@ on the 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r (#ee $oint 5 &"r nu'ber 1)/

5/ !i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r# There "re to #u&h &"r#/ The ,ir#t one be"r# ,l". %"ri"ble# (to #ele&t the $ro$er 'oel) "n ,ittin. #$e&i,ier#/ The #e&on one &ont"in# the b"#e %"lue #$e&i,i&"tion#/

"r u'ber 1F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

NEX

I12

IHASE

I12

ERRLIM

E12.0

IRZN!

I12

(REF

(FLASH

E12.0

E12.0

181 &arameters NE,&

,l". to #ele&t beteen the to $o##ible ,ittin. o$tion#/ W0F reue#t ,or the "uto'"ti& eter'in"tion o, the nu'ber o, eC$onenti"l #e.'ent#/ The u#er ill #$e&i,+ the (K) &h"r"&teri#ti& (#ee $oint 6) X0F nu'ber o, #e.'ent# reue#te b+ the u#er/ He ill #$e&i,+ both the (K) &h"r"&teri#ti&# "# ell "# the boun"rie# o, e"&h eC$onenti"l #e.'ent '"nu"ll+ (#ee $oint 6 "t")/

I&:A%E the nu'ber o, $h"#e# o, the "rre#ter b"nk ,or hi&h br"n&h &"r# "re to be $rou&e/ , le,t bl"nk or ke+e ith *ero the %"lue ill be &h"n.e to unit+ 'e"nin. th"t " #in.le "rre#ter i# to be 'oelle/ , PHA@ X 1 onl+ one $h"#e ill be $un&he eC$li&itel+/ or "ll other $h"#e# the re,eren&e br"n&h o$tion i# u#e/ ?o not ,or.et to u#e the o$tion"l :RAH o$tion #$e&i"ll+ e#i.ne to "llo&"te noe n"'e# to the nonline"r br"n&he# in the $un&he out$ut/ ERR4I" thi# %"lue onl+ h"# 'e"nin. hen ,l". =P W 0/ RR<! i# the '"Ci'u' rel"ti%e error $er'itte urin. the "uto'"ti& eter'in"tion o, the nu'ber o, #e.'ent# ("##u'in. th"t the u#er h"# ke+e =P ne."ti%e)/ A bl"nk or *ero ,iel ill be &on%erte to the e,"ult %"lue o, 120/ The rel"ti%e error i#F RRR J A:@ (1 - 2)  1 b+ e,inition here 1 i# the %"lue o, the &urrent "# #$e&i,ie b+ the u#er "n 2 i# the %"lue o, the &urrent "# $rei&te b+ the eC$onenti"l "$$roCi'"tion/


H19i

4

@u..e#te %"lue# "re beteen *ero "n I&RFNO &ontrol# i".no#ti& $rintout/ three/ The "'ount o, $rintout in&re"#e# ith the %"ri"ble %"lue/ 6RE!

the re,eren&e %olt".e (R!@ %"lue) th"t ill be u#e to #&"le the %olt".e "t" $oint# (#ee $oint 6 &"r .rou$in. th"t #$e&i,ie# the (K) &h"r"&teri#ti&)/ The ie" i# to $rou&e nu'ber# &lo#e to unit+ ,or eC$onenti"tion thu# "%oiin. nu'eri&"l o%er,lo/ , le,t bl"nk or ke+e ith *ero the %"lue ill be &h"n.e to ti&e A2 o, &"r nu'ber 2 i''ei"tel+ belo/ :e"reF1) KR i# u#e ,or "ll (K) &h"r"&teri#ti&# both be,ore "n ",ter ,l"#ho%er/ 2) hen Kre, i# ill &onitione (i/e/ KK re, too ,"r ,ro' unit+) the ,itter ill ree,ine K re, ",ter .i%in. the u#er " $ro$er "rnin./

6!4A%: the ."$ ,l"#ho%er %olt".e in unit# o, U%olt#/ Thi# i# " $e"k (or &re#t) %"lue not "n R!@ (e,,e&ti%e) %"lue/
"r u'ber 2F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A1

A2

A3

E12.0

E12.0

E12.0

A4

E12.0

A5

E12.0

AMIN

E12.0

182

&arameters A' i# " i%ier u#e ,or the #&"lin. o, %olt".e $oint#/ or eC"'$le A1 &oul be u#e ,or the %olt".e r"tin. o, the "rre#ter u$on hi&h the in$ut "t" "re b"#e in orer to &on%ert the #$e&i,ie %olt".e $oint# into $erunit %"lue#/ Thi# i# in unit# o, U%olt# R!@/ A* Thi# re"ll+ i# ju#t " 'ulti$li&"ti%e #&"lin. ,"&tor ,or the %olt".e $oint# th"t &"n be u#e &re"ti%el+ in 'ore th"n one "+ b+ the u#er/ or eC"'$le A2 &"n be u#e to &on%ert the "rre#ter %olt".e $oint# ,ro' $erunit to U%olt#/ Altern"ti%el+ the u#er &oul $rou&e the &h"r"&teri#ti& o, "n ele&tri&"ll+ #i'il"r "rre#ter h"%in. " i,,erent %olt".e r"tin./ The $ro$ertie# o, #i'il"r "rre#ter# o not &h"n.e ith r"tin. $ro%ie " $ro$ortion"l nu'ber o, blo&k# i# u#e to obt"in the ne r"tin./ ote th"t i, KR i# '"int"ine $ro$ortion"l to A2 then #i'il"r "rre#ter# ill h"%e ienti&"l $"r"'eter# "t "ll r"tin.#/ A0 i# " 'ulti$lier u#e ,or the "ition"l #&"lin. o, %olt".e $oint#/ or eC"'$le it &"n be u#e to obt"in " 'ini'u' &h"r"&teri#ti& ('"Ci'u' ener.+) ,ro' " '"Ci'u' &h"r"&teri#ti& ('"Ci'u' %olt".e)/ The 'o#t &o''onl+ u#e %"lue i# unit+ hoe%er/ A5 i# " &urrent 'ulti$lier th"t i# u#e to obt"in re#ult# ,or "rre#ter# ith " nu'ber o, &olu'n# th"t i,,er# ,ro' th"t ,or hi&h the "t" $oint# "re knon/ An e%en (ho'o.eneou#) &urrent i#tribution i# "##u'e "'on. "ll &olu'n#/


H19i

5

A7 i# " ,l". #i.n"lin. the eCi#ten&e (or l"&k o, it) o, "ition"l "t" e#&ribin. the "rre#ter ",ter ,l"#ho%er o, the "rre#ter $"##i%e ."$/ ") , *ero or unit+ the "rre#ter i# ."$le## "n no "ition"l "t" ,ollo#M b) , ne."ti%e "ition"l "t" ,ollo# (to re$re#ent i##i'il"r '"teri"l ,or " #hunt or " #erie# $"##i%e ."$)/ @ee $oint 7 (&"r# to #$e&i,+ the ,l"#ho%er beh"%iour)/ &) , $o#iti%e but not unit+ there i# no ,urther "t"/ n#te" the ori.in"l in$ut "t" re$re#entin. the #itu"tion be,ore ,l"#ho%er "re to be u#e to re$re#ent the &h"r"&teri#ti& ",ter ,l"ho%er #i'$l+ b+ 'ulti$li&"tion o, the %olt".e# b+ A5/ Thi# i# to re$re#ent #i'il"r '"teri"l ,or " #hunt or " #erie# $"##i%e ."$/ A"IN i# the 'ini'u' &urrent "bo%e hi&h the eC$onenti"l "$$roCi'"tion o, the "rre#ter &h"r"&teri#ti& be.in#/ or &urrent#  W A! " line"r r"ther th"n "n eC$onenti"l "$$ro"&h i# u#e in orer to #$ee u$ the #olution "n "l#o in orer to "%oi nu'eri&"l $roble'# (uner,lo urin. eC$onenti"tion)/ %en i, ,ittin. " #tr"i.ht line th"t $"##e# throu.h the ori.in o not le"%e A! bl"nk or *ero #in&e the lo."rith' o, *ero i# not e,ine/

6/ "r .rou$in. th"t @$e&i,ie# the (K) h"r"&teri#ti& "r# th"t #$e&i,+ the "rre#ter &h"r"&teri#ti& be,ore ,l"#ho%er &o'e neCt/ ") or the 'o#t &o''on &"#e o, =P ne."ti%e (#ee &"r 1 o, 'i#&ell"neou# "t") the $ro.r"' "uto'"ti&"ll+ eter'ine# the nu'ber o, #e.'ent# "n there i# to be onl+ one "t" .rou$ &ont"inin. "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, "t" $"ir# (K)/ A bl"nk &"r ill ter'in"te the .rou$in. th"t e,ine# the non-line"r &h"r"&teri#ti&/ b) :ut ,or $o#iti%e =P there "re to be =P #e.'ent#/ or e"&h #e.'ent " &"r .rou$in. &ont"inin. "n "rbitr"r+ nu'ber o, "t" $"ir# (K) i# to be #$e&i,ie/ "&h #u&h .rou$ i# to be ter'in"te b+ " bl"nk &"r/ n both &"#e# e"&h &"r &"n &ont"in onl+ one "t" $"ir (K) u#in. ,olloin. ,or'"tF

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

CURRENT

E12.0

(!LTA'E

E12.0

183 Point# "l"+# 'u#t be in orer o, in&re"#in. &urrent "n %olt".e/ The inter$ret"tion ill &on,ir' the un#&"le ( K) $oint "# #$e&i,ie b+ the u#er/ 7/ "r# th"t #$e&i,+ the ,l"#ho%er beh"%iour , K

H19i

the %olt".e $oint# o, the (K) &h"r"&teri#ti&/ :e&"u#e the ."$ i# o, #i'il"r '"teri"l "# the re#t o, the "rre#ter the #"'e b"#i& (K) &h"r"&teri#ti& i# u#e be,ore "n ",ter ,l"#ho%er/ - ."$ i# o, i##i'il"r '"teri"l $"r"'eter A5 o, 'i#&ell"neou# "t" &"r nu'ber 2 i# ne."ti%e/ n thi# &"#e to "ition"l ite'# o, in,or'"tion 'u#t be #u$$lie to e,ine the Ln &h"r"&teri#ti& ",ter ,l"#ho%er/ ir#t there i# to be "nother &"r nu'ber &olu'n# 1-12 ill "&tu"ll+ be re" ,ro' the &"r "re "##u'e to re'"in un&h"n.e)/ Thi# &h"n.e hi# ,ittin. o$tion (u#er-#$e&i,ie "uto'"ti& eter'in"tion o, the be#t nu'ber &h"r"&teri#ti&/

1 "lthou.h onl+ %"ri"ble =P o, &"r ("ll other $"r"'eter# o, the .i%e# the u#er the o$$ortunit+ to nu'ber o, eC$onent# to ,it or o, eC$onent#) ,or the ,l"#ho%er

@e&on there "re to be &"r# #$e&i,+in. the "rre#ter &h"r"&teri#ti& ",ter ,l"#ho%er/ The (K) $"ir# h"%e the #"'e ,or'"t "# $re%iou#l+ e#&ribe/ A."in the nu'ber o, #e.'ent# e$en# on the (#e&on) =P %"lue/ A."in e"&h #e.'ent #houl be ter'in"te b+ " bl"nk &"r/ 8/ :
2/6530262418533470N01

4/8665227581674000-01

5555/ 5555/

10/ :;  ?ATA A@ 11/ :
T@e data o$

+ENC:"AR DC-0=

6


H19i

7

on#ier " #in.le-&olu'n Ln "rre#ter/ The %olt".e $oint# "re knon ,or " #in.le-&olu'n Ln "rre#ter r"te 1-IK (&re#t or $e"k %"lue) '"Ci'u' %olt".e &h"r"&teri#ti&/ The &urrent $oint# "re .i%en in U"'$ere# (&re#t)/ The u#er "nt# $"r"'eter# ,or " 192-IK (r'#)(A2) 3-&olu'n "rre#ter ith " '"Ci'u' ener.+ &h"r"&teri#ti&/ The &on%er#ion ,"&tor to thi# &h"r"&teri#ti& i# 0/962 (A3) b+ "##u'$tion/ The "rre#ter i# eui$$e ith " #hunt ."$ "n the #hunte $"rt i# ele&tri&"ll+ #i'il"r (A5 #houl be $o#iti%e but i,,erent ,ro' unit+) to the re#t o, the "rre#ter/ The #hunt ."$ &on#i#t# o, 12V "ition"l blo&k#/ Th"t i# ",ter ."$ #$"rko%er the "rre#ter &ont"in# 0/89286 (11/12 J 0/89286) o, the ori.in"l blo&k# ,ro' hi&h it ,ollo# th"t A5J0/89286 (&re#t,"&tor)/ A re,eren&e %olt".e eu"l to 412/5IK (K R) "# &ho#en #in&e thi# i# the eC$e&te o$er"tin. r"n.e o, the 3-$h"#e #ur.e "rre#ter/ in"ll+ the "rre#ter i# "##u'e to be eui$$e ith " #hunt ."$ th"t ,l"#he# o%er "t 380IK (K
DC-0= sucase '

%in/le-E2ponent !it

(NE,&  ')

A&&orin. to the "t" $ro%ie "bo%e the ,olloin. %"lue# "re "##i.neF 1) A1 J 1000  Uu"tionF root 2 i# the ori.in"l r"tin. o, the "rre#ter in U%olt# (r'#)M 2) A2 J 192000 i# the e#ire r"tin. o, the out$ut in U%olt# (r'#)M 3) A3 J 0/962 i# the #&"lin. ,"&tor ,or obt"inin. the e#ire '"Ci'u' ener.+ &h"r"&teri#ti&M 4) A4 J 3/0 #in&e the ori.in"l "t" "re .i%en ,or " #in.le-&olu'n "rre#ter thi# ,"&tor o, three ill &on%ert the' to the e#ire 3-&olu'n e%i&eM 5) A5 J 0/89286 #in&e the "rre#ter be,ore ,l"#ho%er &ont"in# 12V "ition"l blo&k#M 6) A! J 1/-3 U"'$ere# oul be " &o''on e,"ult &hoi&e hi&h i# "bout the en o, the le"k".e &urrent re.ion/ *)

DC-0= sucase *

Doule E2ponential !it

(NE,&  *)

eCt the &h"r"&teri#ti& e#&ribe "bo%e i# to be ,itte ith to eC$onenti"l#/ The borer beteen the to #e.'ent# h"# been eter'ine .r"$hi&"ll+ u#in. lo.-lo. $"$er to lie beteen 100A "n 200A/ All other $"r"'eter# on &"r# nu'ber 1 "n nu'ber 2 re'"in un&h"n.e/ 0)

DC-0= sucase 0

Automatic %e/ment Determination

(NE,&  -')

in"ll+ the #"'e "t" ill be ,itte ith " rel"ti%e &urrent error o, 120 hi&h 'e"n# th"t RR<! J 120/ 5) sa/e o$ punc@ed output

Thi# 'oel intern"ll+ u#e# the &o'$en#"tion 'etho/ nlike other #itu"tion# u#in. the &o'$en#"tion 'etho ,or " 'ulti$h"#e L n #ur.e "rre#ter the $h"#e# o T nee to be #e$"r"te b+ #tub line#/


H19j

1

'. Convert saturale trans$ormer cards to linear euivalent KRLBK4L

Thi# #u$$ortin. routine &"n be u#e to &on%ert "t" line# ,or the @ATRA:< TRA@R!R 'oel (K/) into " &ou$le URU< eui%"lent (t+$e 515253 br"n&he#)/ The u#er #houl be &"re,ull hoe%er be&"u#e #o'e inherent li'it"tion# eCi#t ,or the &on%er#ion routineF - Althou.h the @ATRA:< TRA@R!R &o'$onent &"n t"ke non-line"r beh"%iour into "&&ount the t+$e 515253 eui%"lent br"n&he# &"n notF the+ onl+ $ro%ie " <AR eui%"lent/ , &our#e the u#er &"n " the non-line"r beh"%iour "# "n eCtern"l br"n&h but thi# i# tri&k+ (*ero '".neti*in. &urrent i# not honore)/ - Althou.h the @ATRA:< TRA@R!R &o'$onent &"n $ro&e## tr"n#,or'er# ith *ero '".neti*in. &urrent t+$e 515253 &"n not/ Thi# #itu"tion i# #i'il"r to the =R!R 'oel/ Re&"ll th"t onl+ the :TRA 'oel &"n $ro&e## *ero '".neti*in. &urrent be&"u#e it h"# the AR-not"tion "%"il"ble/ - The "t" line# ,or the @ATRA:< TRA@R!R 'oel #houl be #el,&ont"ine (i/e/ no re,eren&e &o'$onent u#".e th"t &o$ie# the "t" o, " $re&ein. tr"n#,or'er)/ - or the ATP4 %er#ion the $un&he out$ut i# not i''ei"tel+ u#"ble be&"u#e the ,ree-,or'"t out$ut ,or' i# in&orre&t ith re#$e&t to the noe n"'e#F the u#er hi'#el, #houl " #e$"r"tin. &o''"# inbeteen the ,iel# o, the noe n"'e#/ Ple"#e re,er to $un&he &"r# o, thi# 'oel ith =R!R $un&he &"r# ,or &o'$"ri#on/ Thi# i# " bu. th"t h"# to be &le"re in neCt $ro.r"' rele"#e# (#ee #e&tion /4)/ .' Input data dec< structure

@u$$o#e " u#er "nt# to &on%ert " #el,-&ont"ine (i/e/ no re,eren&e br"n&h u#".e) @ATRA:< TRA@R!R "t"#et into " line"r eui%"lent URU<-not"tion/ or th"t re"#on he oul u#e the #u$$ortin. routine BHA; TRA@R!RB/ The in$ut "t" e&k oul look "# ,ollo#F 1) 2) 3) 4)

5) 6) 7) 8)

:;  ?ATA A@ HA; TRA@R!R DRA@ #el,-&ont"ine @ATRA:< TRA@R!R "t" &"#e re'"rkF - no re,eren&e &o'$onent u#".e "lloe - no *ero '".neti*in. &urrent "lloe - #$e&i,i&"tion o, non-line"r &h"r"&teri#ti& ill not be t"ken into "&&ount in the ,in"l line"r 'oel/ :
Re'"rk th"t #e%er"l $oint-4 "t" '"+ be #t"&ke one ",ter the other ithout the nee to #e$"r"te/ or "n eC"'$le e re,er to the ,ir#t #ub&"#e o, ?67/ The &"r ,or'"t# to be u#e "re #o ob%iou# th"t the+ o not nee to be eC$l"ine/ .* E2ample


H19j

olloin. eC"'$le i# "n eCtr"&t o, ben&h'"rk ?-67 here onl+ the ,ir#t #ub&"#e i# u#e/ :;  ?ATA A@ HA; TRA@R!R S @$e&i"l-reue#t or tr"n#,er# to #$e&i"l &on%er#ion &oe DRA@ S Rein (er"#e) bu,,er o, $un&he &"r# "# e $re$"re to $un&h 'ore TRA@R!R /005 30/TRA 1/4 3 /005 30/ S 1#t $oint o, (&urrent ,luC)F &h"r"&teri#ti& /01 40/ S 2n $oint o, (&urrent ,luC)F &h"r"&teri#ti& /02 45/ S 3r $oint /// 0/1 50/ S 4th $oint /// 5/0 100/ S 5th "n ,in"l $oint o, (&urrent ,luC) &h"r/ 9999 S @$e&i"l ter'in"tor boun# &h"r"&teri#ti& (&urrent J 9999) 1;T P 5/0 5/4 50/ S 1#t o, 2 inin. &"r# 2<A? 20/ 2/5 100/ S 2n "n ,in"l inin. &"r :
.0 Output data dec< structure A li#tin. o, 80-&olu'n &"r i'".e# no bein. ,lu#he ,ro' $un&h bu,,er ,ollo#/ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ  WNNNNNNX "r# $un&he b+ #u$$ort routine on 29-"n-91 16/20/46 WNNNNNNX  HA; TRA@R!R S @$e&i"l-reue#t or tr"n#,er# to #$e&i"l &on%er#ion &oe  DRA@ S Rein (er"#e) bu,,er o, $un&he &"r# "# e $re$"re to $un&h 'ore  TRA@R!R /005 30/TRA 1/4  /005 30/ S 1#t $oint o, (&urrent ,luC)F &h"r"&teri#t  /01 40/ S 2n $oint o, (&urrent ,luC)F &h"r"&teri#t  /02 45/ S 3r $oint ///  0/1 50/ S 4th $oint ///  5/0 100/ S 5th "n ,in"l $oint o, (&urrent ,luC) &h"r/  9999 S @$e&i"l ter'in"tor boun# &h"r"&teri#ti& (&urrent J 9999)  1;T P 5/0 5/4 50/ S 1#t o, 2 inin. &"r#  2<A? 20/ 2/5 100/ S 2n "n ,in"l inin. &"r 51;T P 5/9066393442623N03  1/2795081967213N06   52<A? 1/1803278688525N04  2/4590163934426N06 D 2/3626557377049N04  5/1180327868852N06   JJJJJJJJJW n o, <T7 $un&he &"r# "# ,lu#he b+ DPH reue#t XJJJJJJJ

ote th"t the out$ut i# not in the le."l ,ree ,or'"tF no #e$"r"tion b+ &o''"# in beteen noe n"'e#/ olloin. #e&tion #ho# ho "t" #houl be 'oi,ie/ .5 sa/e

The ,ir#t &"#e i# the re$re#ent"tion o, the #"tur"ble tr"n#,or'er "# it "$$e"r# in it# nor'"l ,or'F :;  ?ATA A@ D?TH 79 S Reue#t n"rro 80-&olu'n <T6 out$ut "# "n illu#tr"tion :; PAI KA< @ARH -1 S Ti'e o, -1 i# reue#t to re" ,olloin. &"r 0/5 1/5 2/5 3/5 S
2


H19j

3

:
The neCt &"#e ill #ho the #"'e eC"'$le but no in the URU< re$re#ent"tion ith u#e o, the $un&he &"r/ There i# " ne&e##"r+ '"nu"l '"ni$ul"tion neee be&"u#e o, $ro.r"' bu./ :;  ?ATA A@ D?TH 79 S Reue#t n"rro 80-&olu'n <T6 out$ut "# "n illu#tr"tion :; PAI KA< @ARH -1 S Ti'e o, -1 i# reue#t to re" ,olloin. &"r 0/5 1/5 2/5 3/5 S

H25

1

,,6 E"T& +ENC:"AR CATA4OGE

olloin. i# " &l"##i,i&"tion o, "ll ben&h'"rk# "&&orin. to to$i&# i#&u##e in the Rule :ook/ A ,ir#t i%i#ion i#tin&t# beteen ben&h'"rk# illu#tr"tin. #u$$ortin. routine# "n ben&h'"rk# o&u'entin. #i'ul"tion run#/ An+ re'"rk th"t &oul &ontribute to the u$"tin. or i'$ro%e'ent o, thi# li#t .re"tl+ ill be "&knole.e/ Supporting routines

urther #ubi%i#ion# "re b"#e on #$e&i"l reue#t or# "# ,oun in the Rule :ook/ !ART #etu$F ?3?5?6?P20 < @TAT@F ?29?59?60?3?5?6?P20 A:< @TAT@F ?27?28 @!< #etu$F ?29?60 =R!RF ?15 :TRAF ?8 ?ATA :A@ !?<F ?36 @ATRAT (KRT)F ?13 H@TR@@F ?13 TRI OKA<TF ?14 

H25

urther #ubi%i#ion# "re b"#e on the 'oel# u#e in the netork #i'ul"tion/ n 'o#t &"#e# the#e 'oel# "re re,erre to u#in. #$e&i"l reue#t or# ("# u#e in the Rule :ook)/

TACS

TA@ H:R?F ?1?2?8?19?20?22?30?33?37?38?43?45?47?57?63?2 ?10?P17 TA@ @TA? A<F ?18?19?20?21?23?46?P24

USAGE OF LINE MODELS

@TAT PARA!TR !?< (012) F ?1?2?3?4?5?6?7?9?10?12?16?19?20?22?24?25?26 ?30?31?32?34?35?38?41?42?43?44?45?47?48?50?51? 52?53?55?56?57?58?61?62?63?1?2?4?7?9?10? 11?12?P1?P10?P11?P13?P14?P15?P16?P17?P18?P19?P2?P2 1?P22?P26?P3?P4?P5?P6?P7?P8?P9 I< !?< (-1-2-3)F ?1?2?7?12?16?24?31?32?37?38?41?47?50?52?61?62 ?63?4?7?P1?P10?P13?P18?P19?P6?P8 !ART !?
USAGE OF TRANSFORMER MODELS

@ATRA:< TRA@R!RF ?5?25?32?47?51?53?P11?P15?P21 P-RTF ?1?2?11?25?26?53?63?9?10?11?P21?P26

USAGE OF NON-LINEAR ELEMENTS

TP 91 ?22?38?42?43 TP 92 ?37?38

2


H25

TP 93 ?4?7?45?56?58?P15?P22 TP 96 ?45 TP 97 ?42?P5 TP 98 ?7?P15 TP 99 ?7?P6 L =? ?37

USAGE OF SWITCHES

T!K
3


H25

@PARI ;AP R TRA (TP 12)F no illu#tr"tion ,oun TA@ TR<<? @TH@ (TP 13)F no illu#tr"tion ,oun @TAT@T @TH (TP 76)F ?16?24?50?P13 !A@R;F ?33

USAGE OF SOURCES

@TAT <TR TRI @R T@F ?1?2?3?4?5?6?7?9?10?11?12?16?17?19?22?24?25 ?26?30?31?32?34?35?37?38?41?42?43?44?45?47?48 ?51?52?53?55?56?57?58?61?62?63?1?2?4?7?9 ?10?11?12?P1?P10?P11?P12?P13?P14?P15?P16?P17?P18 ?P19?P2?P21?P22?P25?P26?P3?P4?P5?P6?P7?P8?P9

TP 16F ?44 ?A< TRA@R!R (TP 18)F ?25?55 TP 60F ?22 @! (TP 59)F ?25?26?47?53?9?10?11?P21?P26 ! (TP 19)F ?34?35?1?2?9?10?12?P16?P17?P21 = @R (<A? <)F ?25?26?P26 AA<T @R (TP 1-10)F ?6?42

STATISTICAL TABULATION

@TAT@TA< @TH (TP 76)F ?16?24?50?P13 @TAT@T@ ?ATAF ?24?40?48 !T :A@ A@F ?P13

4


SPECIAL FEATURES

@TART A;AF ?40?49 ?@I P<T ?ATAF ?3?45?54 @P @A;F ?57 ?P22

PAI K
RR AA<@@F ?42 P@TPR@@ P<T <F ?46 RP<TF ?54 :ATH !? P<TT;F ?42?46

<"#t eite 270988 !/ len# ;/ '$ereur 1

H25

5

Rulebook ATP - rr"t"

1

<@T  R< :I RRATA

== - < @TAT@

$7 - $"r"'eter AR - unu#u"l u#".eY n erro."tion to "ll other $l"&e# in the Rule :ook lan< "n ero h"%e " i,,erent 'e"nin. ,or $"r"'eter AR/ Thi# i# be&"u#e in the &oe (@:R25) &"r i'".e inter$ret"tion i# u#in. &h"r"&ter #trin. ete&tion r"ther th"n the 10/6 ,or'"t #$e&i,ier/ !oreo%er lan< "n ' h"%e the #"'e 'e"nin. in thi# $"rti&ul"r &"#e/ :e &"re,ull/ Thi# "# '"int"ine in orer to #t"+ &o'$"tible ith oler %er#ion# o, 4INE CON%TANT% / n orer to "%oi &on,u#ion hoe%er it i# "%i#"ble not to u#e lan
$28 - A$$li&"tion# - "ition"l re'"rk#/ Thi# #e&tion re,er# to the &re"tion o, $un&he &"r out$ut/ n th"t &"#e one #houl not ,or.et to #$e&i,+ the ?@T-$"r"'eter in &ol# 45-52 o, the ,reuen&+ &"r/ or " e#&ri$tion o, the ?@T-$"r"'eter e re,er to $20/ Thi# 'oi,i&"tion 'u#t be "e on ,olloin. $".e#F $7 12 16 24 25 The Rule :ook $".e $4?-2 e$i&t# #u&h #et o, $un&he &"r# ,or " I//
== - A:< @TAT@

$15 - $"r"'eter @@T - ron. e#&ri$tion/ @@T J 0 F $i$e in the "ir tou&hin. the e"rth #ur,"&e (r"ther th"n the ron. e#&ri$tionF $i$e o, in,inite thi&kne##)

$38 - .ener"l re'"rkF - ron. e#&ri$tion/ = i# =PT  i# (not

in 'H (not h') ,or the #$e&i,ie #e&tion len.th #o u#e J0/ (not RO)/ in m (not 'i&ro 'ho) ,or the #$e&i,ie #e&tion len.th #o u#e PT J0/ RO)/

==- - :TRA - #o'e ne .uieline#

$15F The note ne"r the en o, the eC"'$le be&o'e# ob#olete be&"u#e #t"rtin. ,ro' ATP3 the#e #hunt re#i#t"n&e# "re "uto'"ti&"ll+ t"ken into "&&ount/ $20F #i'il"r re'"rk ,or note 1/ ote 2 ($21) #till re'"in# %"liY

$21F the #$e&i,i&"tion o, DT@ "n DKTA; i# $er,or'e "uto'"ti&"ll+ #in&e ATP3/ :e &"re,ull hoe%er #in&e the DT@ "l"+# i# tri&k+ (it h"# to be re#et to the netork %"lue ",ter the :TRA $un&he &"r#)/

ATP RULEBOOK.doc

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