Art Basel 2018 Day 1

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]@L NR] HLVT[N[L HLVT[N[LR  R   Nrt Bnsle1 >2 Bnsle1 >2 Auhl 2;>0  2;>0 

T`gw nhm slee1 t`l nmmlm nmmlm vneul vneul gi n ousluo lx`jbjtjgh @gw sggh js tgg sggh7 [rjvntl dgeeldtgrs nrl sleejhf g﬋ wgrcs ns ejttel ns n ilw wllcs nitlr elhmjhf t`lo tg `jf`-prg�el s`gws

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s t`l nrt wgrem fnt`lrs igr t`l nhhune Nrt Bnsle injr, t`l tnec js jhlvjtnbey turhjhf tg t`l rldlht slrjls gi nudtjghs jh Hlw  Zgrc  Zgr c t`nt t`nt rndclm rndclm up nh nstg nstghjs`j hjs`jhf hf $2.6bh nhm prgmudlm sgol stuhhjhf prjdls. Noghf t`lsl wns t`l `jf`lst lvlr t`jrm-pnrty funrnhtll, nt $><;o, fjvlh by t`l Hn`onm inojey gi mlnelrs igr Ogmjfejnhj‚s slhsugus >:>6 pnjhtjhf Hu dgud`ê (sur el dýtê fnud`l). Tgt`lby‚s sgem t`l wgrc igr $><6.2o jh Hlw Zgrc gh >= Ony, but t`l snel wns hgt wjt`gut dghtrg vlrsy.. ]`l enhfu  vlrsy enhfujm jm huml huml `nm vlry rldlhtey npplnrlm jh ]ntl Ogmlrh‚s begdcbustlr lx`jbjtjgh mlvgtlm tg  Nolmlg  Nolm lg Ogmjfejnhj Ogmjfejnhj,, w`jd` w`jd` degslm degslm gh 2 Nprje. ]`l wgrc, elht by n ―prjvntl dgeeldtjgh‟, wns ghl gi t`l `jf`ejf`ts gi t`l Eghmgh s`gw, w`jd` jhdeumlm nhgt`lr >> humls by Ogmjfejnhj, hgw ghl gi t`l `jf`lst-prjdlm nrtjsts jh t`l

 wgrem. But sgol durnt  wgrem. durntgrs grs nt t`l ]ntl ]ntl  wlrl nppnrl nppnrlhtey htey s`gdcl s`gdclm m tg sll t`l t`l swjit npplnrnhdl gh t`l onrclt gi t`l  wgrc, w`jd` `nm bllh bllh elht elht by by t`l Jrjs` rndl`grsl ogfue Ag`h Onfhjlr. ]`l dnsl js inr irgo jsgentlm. Jh t`l snol wllc, Tgt`lby‚s Hlw Zgrc g﬋lrlm Mnvjm @gdchly‚s [ndj﬎d Dgnst @jf`wny nhm Tnhtn Oghjdn (>::;) jh jts dghtlopgrnry nrt snel. ]`l wgrc wns rldlhtey s`gwh jh t`l Oltrgpgejtnh Ousluo gi Nrt‚s @gdchly rltrgspldtjvl, w`jd` lhmlm gh 2< Ilbrunry. Lstjontlm nt $2;o tg $4;o, nfnjh wjt` nh jrrlvgdnbel bjm nhm n funrnhtll, t`l  wgrc iltd`l iltd`lm m $20.
― Tgoltjols elhmlrs chgw lxndtey w`nt t`ly nrl fgjhf tg mg ‟

@gdchly, >< Dnhvns Ttumy gi t`l F rnhm Dnhygh (>::0), sgem igr aust gvlr £9o  wjt` ills ills (lst (lst £4.0o-£ £4.0o-£6, but `nm hgt dghtjhulm tg Hlw Zgrc”rnt`lr, jt `nm fghl strnjf`t tg t`l nudtjgh begdc. ―Irls` irgo t`l wnees gi t`l ]ntl,‟ nhhguhdlm t`l nudtjghllr Gejvlr Bnrclr ns jt dnol uhmlr `js `noolr.  Nt Nrt Bnsl Bnslee t`js t`js wllc wllc js nhgt nhgt`lr `lr  wgrc t`nt rldl rldlhtey htey nppl npplnrlm nrlm jh n onag onagrr lx`jbjtjgh1 Ansplr Ag`hs‚s Mjsnpplnrnh Mjsnpplnrnhdl dl J (>:9;), w`jd` js gh t`l Hlw Zgrcbnslm mlnelr Mj Mghhn‚s stnhm. ]`l igemlm dnhvns js dgvlrlm wjt` lhdnustjd nhm ghdl bleghflm tg t`l entl Neirlm ]nubonh, n igrolr gwhlr gi Tgt`lby‚s, but injelm tg slee jh t`l nudtjgh gi `js dgeeldtjgh jh 2;><. Ogrl rldlhtey, jt wns s`gwh jh n Ag`hs rltrgspldtjvl t`nt gplhlm nt Eghmgh‚s Rgyne Ndnmloy gi Nrts nhm degslm nt t`l Brgnm jh Egs  Nhflels  Nhfl els enst enst oght oght`. `. ]`l ]`l wgrc wgrc js hgw hgw bljhf g﬋lrlm wjt` n prjdl tnf gi $>0.
Ansplr Ag`hs‚s Mjsnpplnrnhdl J (>:9;), prjdlm nt $>0.
Jh flhlrne, jt js dghsjmlrlm uhlt`jdne tg elhm n wgrc tg n ousluo lx`jbjtjgh nhm t`lh joolmjntley slhm jt igr snel” but ns Onurjdl Mnvjls, t`l `lnm gi dgeeldtjghs nt Eghmgh‚s Rgyne Ndnmloy gi Nrts nhm n igrolr pgejdy mjrldtgr gi t`l \C‚s Ousluos Nssgdjntjgh, pgjhts gut1 ―Dgoogh slhsl sufflsts t`nt mjspeny by n rlputnbel ousluo jhdrlnsls ﬎hnhdjne vneul… sg ousluos dnh‚t but `lep oncl n snel sgolw`nt ogrl ejcley.‟ @l mgls qulstjgh, t`guf`,  w`lt`lr  w`lt` lr t`js t`js dnh bl prgvlm. prgvlm.

Hlvlrt`lelss, ousluo mjrldtgrs try tg nvgjm t`js sdlhnrjg by jopgsjhf  vnrjguss typls  vnrjgu typls gi dghtrn dghtrndt dt gh elhml elhmlrs. rs. Onxwlee Nhmlrsgh, t`l igrolr mjrldtgr gi t`l Mneens Ousluo gi Nrt, snys1 ―V`lh bgrrgwjhf ghl gr twg wgrcs irgo prjvntl dgeeldtgrs, ousluos sgoltjols jhdeuml n dghmjtjgh jh t`l nfrllolht t`nt t`l egnhs hgt bl sgem igr n plrjgm gi slvlrne oght`s igeegwjhf t`l degsl gi t`l lx`jbjtjgh.‟ ]`l jssul js n dgopelx ghl, `gwlvlr. DGH]JH\LM GH [NFL = 

 Npnrt`ljm rlvjs  Npnrt`ljm rlvjsjtlm1 jtlm1 Tnh Tnh Irnhdj Irnhdjsdg sdg ousluo ousluo shnps up Tgut` Nirjdnh p`gtgfrnp` p`gtgfrnp`y y prgaldt  ]@L MJRLD]GR GI t`l Tnh Irnhdjsdg Ousluo gi Ogmlrh Nrt, Hlne Blhlzrn, snys t`nt t`l ousluo ―wjee bl ndqujrjhf‟ [ghtl Djty (2;;0�>=), n p`gtgfrnp`jd slrjls nhm jhstneentjgh by t`l Tgut` Nirjdnh nrtjst Ojc`nle Tubgtzcy nhm t`l \C nrtjst [ntrjdc Vntlr`gusl, igr n sjx-�furl suo. ]`l prgaldt, w`jd` js bljhf s`gwh by Tgut` Nirjdn‚s Fggmonh Fneelry jh Nrt Bnsle‚s \hejojtlm sldtgr, js mul tg fg gh mjspeny nt t`l ousluo jh 2;2; gr 2;2>. ―Vl `nvl dgeeldtlm wgrc by Tgut` Nirjdnh p`gtgfrnp`lrs sud` ns Mnvjm Fgembentt nhm Qnhlel Ou`gej igr n huoblr

     Z      R      L      E    3     E      T     N      H      F      L     H      V      N      G      O      M      M      J      G      Y      N      G      M      F      I      ©    1     G      G      Z      ]     T      L      G      ]      @      [     R    3     \      C      G      R      D      G   1      L      Z     T      V      \      L     G      H  ,     @      R      N      L      F      ]      N      N      Y      Z     V      M      B      H      M      L     N      T     Z      C      H      L     Q      ]      D      J      E     G    3     B      T     \      T      H  .      @      C      G      \      A  .      G      R      L     D  .      [     T      T     H      N      A     L      V      ©    1     G    �      T     M      H      J      Y      @      N      G      A     M

Ejsn nhm ―[rltty‟, [ghtl Djty (2;;0) js gh s`gw wjt` Fggmonh Fneelry jh \hejojtlm

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gi ylnrs, but wl‚vl newnys dgeeldtlm jhmjvjmune wgrcs. Vl‚vl hlvlr onml n dgoojtolht tg sud` nh lxtrngrmjhnry nhm enrfl bgmy gi wgrc ns t`js,‟ Blhlzrn snys. ]`l jhstneentjgh mgduolhts t`l `jstgry gi [ghtl Djty, n Ogmlrhjst `jf`-rjsl npnrtolht begdc jh Ag`nhhlsburf. V`lh t`l dgopelx wns bujet, jh >:6<, jt wns jhtlhmlm tg `gusl euxury dghmgs igr w`jtl plgpel ghey. Jt ilee jhtg mjsrlpnjr nt t`l lhm gi npnrt`ljm, bldgojhf `gol tg onhy rliuflls jh t`l >::;s, bligrl bljhf bguf`t jh 2;;6 by n mlvlegpolhtt dgopnhy t`nt lvjdtlm `nei t`l mlvlegpolh tlhnhts. Jh 2;;0, t`l dgopnhy wlht bust, elnvjhf t`l egwlr `nei gi t`l bujemjhf mlrlejdt. Tubgtzcy nhm Vntlr`gusl stnrtlm vjsjtjhf t`l sjtl jh 2;;0, p`gtgfrnp`jhf

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lvlry wjhmgw, mggr nhm tlelvjsjgh slt jh t`l bujemjhf, nhm dgeeldtjhf mjsdnrmlm p`gtgfrnp`s nhm mgduolhts (jhdeumjhf rliufll-stntus nppejdntjghs nhm rlaldtjghs) irgo nbnhmghlm �nts. ―Jh Lurgpl nt t`l ogolht, t`l rliufll drjsjs js sud` n bjf t`jhf, but jh Tgut` Nirjdn, wl `nvl `nm nh jh�ux gi rliuflls igr onhy ylnrs, sg t`js splncs vlry oud` tg w`nt js fgjhf gh jh Lurgpl,‟ Tubgtzcy snys. ]`l pnjr iguhm stnrc pnrneeles bltwllh t`l ―jopgssjbel mrlno gi utgpjnh Ogmlrhjso nhm t`l mystgpjnh dghdlpt gi npnrt`ljm‟, Vntlr`gusl snys. Tubgtzcy snys1 ―]`l `jstgry gi t`l dguhtry nhm gi npnrt`ljm dnh bl spgclh nbgut t`rguf` t`js bujemjhf.‟  Nhhn Brnmy

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]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTLE INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

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]`rll d`llrs igr Qlhf Inhz`j

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@N\TLR & VJR]@ js tg `gst dghdurrlht lx`jbjtjghs t`js nutuoh gi t`l D`jhlsl nrtjst Qlhf Inhz`j jh Qurjd`, Eghmgh nhm @ghf Cghf. Jt js t`l �rst tjol t`l fneelry `ns oguhtlm nh lx`jbjtjgh gi ghl nrtjst ndrgss t`rll egdntjghs. Qlhf wns sjfhlm by @nuslr & Vjrt` jh Onrd`, aust ns t`l fneelry gplhlm jh @ghf Cghf, but Fnfgsjnh nhm T`nhf`NR] dghtjhul tg dg-rlprlslht `jo. @l js blst chgwh igr `js Onsc slrjls gi pnjhtjhfs, w`jd` mlpjdts �furls wlnrjhf w`jtl onscs. Jh 2;>4, Qlhf‚s pnjhtjhf ]`l Enst Tupplr (2;;>) onml $24.4o nt nudtjgh, n rldgrm igr n dghtlopgrnry Nsjnh nrtjst. D`ggsjhf ghl gi D`jhn‚s blst-chgwh dghtlopgrnry nrtjsts igr jts �rst ouetj-vlhul fegbne s`gw npplnrs tg bl n stntlolht gi jhtlht by t`l fneelry. But Jwnh Vjrt`, @nuslr & Vjrt`‚s dg-prlsjmlht, snys1 ―Vgrcjhf wjt` Qlhf gh t`js onagr prlslhtntjgh js hgt n strntlfjd ogvl, but sgolt`jhf t`nt dnol nbgut grfnhjdneey nhm irgo t`l `lnrt.‟ N.B.

 Lurgpl

Fjndgolttj‚s d`ngtjd [nrjs stumjg brguf`t  bndc tg ejil

Vjeejno Clhtrjmfl `ghgurs Nirjdnhs jh t`l Frlnt Vnr

Rldghstrudtjgh nt `lnrt gi hlw rlslnrd` dlhtrl prlslrvls spjrjt gi nrtjst‚s nr tjst‚s deuttlrlm drlntjvl spndl

I

gr degsl tg =; ylnrs, t`l Twjss nrtjst  Neblrtg  Nebl rtg Fjndgol Fjndgolttj ttj drlntlm `js spjhmey sduepturls nhm `nuhtlm pgrtrnjts  wjt`jh t`l 24 24 sq. o dgh﬎hls gi `js stumjg jh Oghtpnrhnssl. ―]`lrl wns vlry ejttel spndl”`l neogst dguemh‚t ogvl,‟ snys Dnt`lrjhl Frlhjlr, t`l mjrldtgr nhm d`jli durntgr gi t`l Ighmntjgh Neblrtg lt Nhhlttl Fjndgolttj jh [nrjs, w`jd` `gems t`l  wgrem‚s  wgrem ‚s enrflst enrflst dgeeldt dgeeldtjgh jgh gi gi t`l nrtjst nrtjst‚s ‚s  wgrc. ―@l ejclm ejclm t`l t`l d`ngs… d`ngs… `l snjm jtjt  wns ejcl ejcl t`l t`l jhsjml jhsjml gi `js scuee. scuee.‟ V`lh V`lh Fjndgolttj mjlm jh >:99, wjt`gut n wjee, `js wjmgw, Nhhlttl, snevnflm t`l lhtjrl dghtlhts gi t`l stumjg. Ogrl t`nh `nei n dlhtury entlr, t`l iguhmntjgh t`nt jh`lrjtlm t`l trgvl js gplhjhf n plronhlht rldghstrudtjgh tg t`l pubejd. ]`l mlhsley deuttlrlm mjspeny wjee bl nh ―lvgdntjgh‟ gi Fjndgolttj‚s wgrcjhf lhvjrgholht, rnt`lr t`nh nh lxndt

―]`lrl nrl sg onhy ousluos jh [nrjs” t`lrl wns hg hllm igr nhgt`lr‟

rlpejdn gi n pnrtjduenr mny, Frlhjlr snys. ―Jt `ns t`l spjrjt.‟ ]`js wjee bl t`l dlhtrlpjldl gi n hlw rlslnrd` dlhtrl nhm lx`jbjtjgh spndl mlmjdntlm tg t`l nrtjst‚s wgrc jh t`l djty‚s >=t` nrrghmjsslolht, elss t`nh n ojel nwny irgo t`l grjfjhne stumjg prlojsls. ]`l Jhstjtut Fjndgolttj js mul tg gplh gh 2>  Auhl jh n ejstlm Nrt Mldg Mldg onhsjg onhsjgh h t`nt t`nt  wns igrolre igrolreyy t`l stumjg gi t`l nrtjst nhm jhtlrjgr mlsjfhlr [nue Igeegt. Rliurbjs`lm by t`l nrd`jtldt [nsdne Frnssg, t`l vlhul `ns aust 4<; sq. o gi spndl3 vjsjts wjee bl by nppgjhtolht ghey, wjt` ﬎xlm tjol-segts tg prlvlht gvlrdrgwmjhf. ]`l d`gjdl gi t`l ―jhstjtutl‟ hnol, nhm t`l bjagu egdntjgh,  wns mlejblrnt mlejblrntl. l. ―]`lrl ―]`lrl nrl sg onhy onhy ousluos jh [nrjs”t`lrl wns hg hllm igr nhgt`lr,‟ snys Frlhjlr, t`l igrolr mlputy mjrldtgr gi ghl gi t`l bjfflst, t`l Dlhtrl [gopjmgu. T`l snys t`nt s`l sguf`t ―n hlw ogmle‟ tg ontd` t`l iguhmntjgh‚s sonee bumflt, jts prjonry rlslnrd` ojssjgh nhm jts ndtjvl prgfrnool gi egnhs tg lx`jbjtjghs wgremwjml, w`jd` jt penhs tg dghtjhul. Tjhfel-nrtjst ousluos nrl nesg nbel tg g﬋lr n ―ogrl logtjghne‟ vjsjtgr lxplrjlhdl jh nh ―jhtjontl‟ slttjhf, Frlhjlr blejlvls. ]`l stumjg prlslhtntjgh wjee rnrley

Fjndgolttj‚s tjhy stumjg wns rldrlntlm usjhf t`gusnhms gi p`gtgfrnp`s

d`nhfl nhm t`lrl nrl hg indsjojels, Frlhjlr snys. ]`l bnttlrlm iurhjturl js t`l snol t`nt Fjndgolttj `uhf gh tg igr ylnrs, nhm nee t`l wgrcs”―irgo nee t`l plrjgms gi `js dnrllr, ﬎hjs`lm, uh﬎hjs`lm nhm lvlh brgclh‟”nrl grjfjhne. Gh vjlw bl`jhm n fenss pnrtjtjgh, t`l jhnufurne jhstneentjgh wjee jhdeuml <0 wgrcs, :< gt`lr gbaldts nhm lvlh n pnjr gi pnjhtlm wnees. ―Vl prlilr tg rlstgrl jhstlnm gi oncjhf dgpjls,‟ Frlhjlr snys. Yjsjtgrs  wjee sll hlwey hlwey dghsl dghslrvlm rvlm penst penstlr lr sduepsduepturls, w`jd` Fjndgolttj rlfnrmlm ns iuee  wgrcs nhm ―hgt ghey n stnfl stnfl bligrl bligrl t`l brghzl‟. ]`l iguhmntjgh `ns rlnsslobelm slvlrne ―t`nt wjee bl jh t`l stumjg nhm wjee hgt ogvl bldnusl t`ly nrl sg irnfjel‟, Frlhjlr snys. ]`l nrtjst‚s hlvlrbligrl-lx`jbjtlm bligrl-lx`jbjtl m ﬎hne sduepturls jh deny nesg rlqujrlm mlejdntl rlstgrntjgh. ]`l enygut js bnslm gh ―t`gusnhms gi p`gtgfrnp`s gi t`l stumjg‟ jh t`l iguhmntjgh‚s nrd`jvls, stnrtjhf jh t`l lnrey  ylnrss but onjh  ylnr onjhey ey irgo t`l prgmu prgmudtjvl dtjvl

enst mldnml gi Fjndgolttj‚s ejil. ]`l p`gtgfrnp`lrs Lrhst Td`ljmlfflr nhm Tnbjhl Vljss, bgt` irjlhms gi t`l nrtjst, tggc t`l ejgh‚s s`nrl. ]`l nrd`jvls nrl nesg t`l bnsjs gi nh joolrsjvl ouetjolmjn prgaldtjgh gi t`l stumjg nt t`l Ighmntjgh Blylelr jh Bnsle, w`jd` js `gstjhf t`l mune lx`jbjtjgh Bndgh/Fjndgolttj (uhtje 2 Tlptloblr). N dgopnhjgh jhstneentjgh js mlmjdntlm tg jonfls gi Irnhdjs Bndgh‚s stumjg nt Rlldl Olws jh Eghmgh, w`jd` `ns bllh prlslrvlm nt Mubejh‚s @uf` Enhl Fneelry sjhdl >::0. Fjndgolttj‚s stumjg wns joogrtnejslm by t`l wrjtlr Alnh Flhlt, w`g dneelm jt ―t`l ogst jopgrtnht nhm t`l ogst dgopeltl‟ gi t`l nrtjst‚s  wgrcs”―`js  wgrcs” ―`js gt`lr gt`lr slei, t`l lsslhdl lsslhdl nhm uetjontl rlsjmul gi `js nrtjstjd dghtrjbutjgh‟. Flhlt‚s >:<6 lssny jhspjrlm t`l jhstjtutl‚s ﬎rst tlopgrnry lx`jbjtjgh (2> Auhl->9 Tlptloblr) gh t`l irjlhms`jp bltwllh t`l twg olh. @nhhn` OdFjvlrh

Eghmgh nhm ]urjh tg `gem agjht Rncgwjtz survly  Nrtjst dghtjhuls prgaldt tg rldghstrudt t`gusnhms gi egst nhm mlstrgylm Jrnqj nrtlindts ]`l D`jdnfg-bnslm nrtjst Ojd`nle Rncgwjtz, w`g js s`gwjhf hlw wgrc jh t`l \hejojtlm sldtgr gi t`l injr, wjee bl t`l subaldt gi n onagr survly hlxt  ylnr nt t`l t`l Dnstleeg Dnstleeg mj Rjvgej Rjvgej jh ]ur ]urjh jh (gplhjhf gh 2< Ilbrunry 2;>:) nhm t`lh t`l V`jtld`nple Fneelry jh Eghmgh. Jt  wjee bl bl grfnhjslm grfnhjslm by Dnrgeyh Dnrgeyh D`rjst D`rjstgvgvBncnrfjlv nhm Jwghn Benzwjdc, t`l rlspldtjvl mjrldtgrs gi t`l jhstjtutjghs. Rncgwjtz, w`gsl Nssyrjnh wjhflm buee durrlhtey stnhms ntgp t`l Igurt`

[ejht` jh Eghmgh‚s ]rninefnr Tqunrl, js  wgrcjhf tg rldgh  wgrcjhf rldghstru strudt dt t`gus t`gusnhm nhmss gi nrtlindts irgo t`l Hntjghne Ousluo gi Jrnq jh Bnf`mnm t`nt `nvl bllh ejstlm ns ojssjhf, stgelh, mlstrgylm gr ―gi stntus uhchgwh‟ sjhdl t`l \T-elm jhvnsjgh jh 2;;4. @l mlsdrjbls `js wgrc nt Nrt Bnsle”Rggo H, Hgrt`wlst [nendl gi Hjorum (2;>0)”ns ―n mgubel jdghgdenso‟, nmmjhf t`nt ―jhstjtutjghs ejcl t`l Brjtjs` Ousluo nhm gt`lrs ndqujrlm onhy gi t`lsl rlejlis. V`nt rlonjhlm lhmlm up bljhf mlstrgylm by Jsjs.‟ ]`l rldghstrudtjghs wlrl drlntlm  wjt` `lep irgo irgo t`l Duhlji Duhljigro gro Mjfjtne Mjfjtne Ejbrnry Jhjtjntjvl nt t`l \hjvlrsjty gi Dnejigrhjn, Egs Nhflels, nhm durntgrs Ojd`nle Rncgwjtz wjt` `js wgrc nt Nrt Bnsle, bnslm gh n rlejli irgo Hjorum

nt t`l Brjtjs` Ousluo, Eghmgh, nhm t`l Grjlhtne Jhstjtutl nt t`l \hjvlrsjty gi D`jdnfg. ]`l wgrcs nrl onml usjhf  Nrnbjd hlwsp hlwspnplrs nplrs nhm pndcnfj pndcnfjhf hf tnclh irgo Ojmmel Lnstlrh iggms. Olnhw`jel, t`l mlnt` gi ]nojr Rjdl, t`l >2-ylnr-gem bgy s`gt by Delvlenhm pgejdl jh 2;>=, `ns prgoptlm Rncgwjtz tg enuhd` ghl gi `js ogst numndjgus sd`lols. @l wnhts tg rjm Delvlenhm gi grnhfl, t`l dgegur gi t`l ojssjhf snilty tjp t`nt wguem `nvl jmlhtj﬎lm t`l fuh Rjdl wns `gemjhf ns n tgy. Nh gplh dnee enst nutuoh nsclm egdne dgoouhjtjls tg surrlhmlr grnhfl tgys, `gusl`gem jtlos nhm gt`lr lp`lolrn, w`jd`  wjee bl mjspen mjspenylm ylm nt nt t`l Tpndl Tpndlss vlhul vlhul murjhf t`l jhnufurne Irght trjlhhjne (N Dgegur Rlogvlm, >< Auey-4; Tlptloblr). Fnrlt` @nrrjs

N ]NT]LR GI Vjeejno Clhtrjmfl‚s entlst prgaldt, w`jd` tlees t`l stgry gi t`l `uhmrlms gi t`gusnhms gi Nirjdnhs igrdlm tg wgrc ns blnrlrs gi wlnpghs jh t`l Ijrst Vgrem Vnr, js gh s`gw nt Nrt Bnsle n`lnm gi jts uhvljejhf nt ]ntl Ogmlrh jh Eghmgh hlxt oght`. ]`l [gge N`lnm (2;>0), n d`nrdgne mrnwjhf gh mjspeny gh Onrjnh Fggmonh Fneelry‚s stnhm, mlpjdts n wntlrinee surrguhmlm by t`jdc vlfltntjgh. Jt js pnrt gi n hlw ogvjhf-jonfl wgrc by t`l Tgut` Nirjdnh nrtjst t`nt wjee bl prgaldtlm jhsjml t`l ]urbjhl @nee (>>�>< Auey). ]`l prgaldt, ]`l @lnm & t`l Egnm, w`jd` nesg jhdeumls ousjd, mnhdl nhm old`nhjslm sduepturls, js mul tg trnvle tg t`l [nrc Nvlhul Nrogry jh Hlw Zgrc nhm t`l Ru`rtrjlhhnel jh hgrt`lrh Flronhy entlr t`js ylnr. N.T.

Geniur Lejnssgh‚s Ejttel Tuh tlnos up wjt` Jcln ]@L MNHJT@�JDLENHMJD NR]JT] Geniur Lejnssgh nhm t`l Twlmjs` iurhjturl rltnjelr Jcln nrl tlnojhf up tg prgmudl n rnhfl gi nddlssjbel nhm n﬋grmnbel prgmudts t`nt wgrc wjt`gut onjhs leldtrjdjty nhm dnh usl rlhlwnbel lhlrfy. Lejnssgh‚s Ejttel Tuh prgaldt, dg-iguhmlm wjt` t`l lhfjhllr Irlmlrjc Gttlslh jh 2;>2, drlntlm n sgenr-pgwlrlm tgrd` igr t`l bjeejgh plgpel wgremwjml w`g ejvl jh nrlns wjt`gut onjhs leldtrjdjty. Jt js hgw sgem d`lnpey jh ogrl t`nh 9;; Nirjdnh gutelts. Ns wlee ns prgmudjhf jtlos igr snel jh Jcln stgrls, sud` ns sgenr-pgwlrlm ejf`tjhf, t`l dgeenbgrntjgh wjt` t`l Twlmjs` mlsjfh dgopnhy wjee lxpegrl g﬋-frjm sgeutjghs igr dgoouhjdntjghs nhm delnh wntlr. Nt Nrt Bnsle, t`l Blrejh-bnslm fneelry Hluflrrjlosd`hljmlr js s`gwjhf nh lnrey wgrc by Lejnssgh. Ogss Vnee (>::=) js onml gi 4< sq. o gi w`jtl rljhmllr ogss, hntjvl tg t`l Jdlenhmjd tuhmrn. Olnhw`jel, jh Ouhjd`, t`l [jhncgt`lc mlr Ogmlrhl js s`gwjhf Lejnssgh‚s mrnwjhfs jh nh lx`jbjtjgh, Vntlrdgegurs, t`nt ruhs uhtje 2 Tlptloblr. D.@.

@gw mg J sll t`l bjfflr pjdturl7 Igr sgol gi ejil‚s qulstjghs, ygu‚rl hgt neghl.       ubs.dgo/nrt

Dnregs Druz-Mjlz, [`ysjd`rgojl \BT Ylrt, >:6<, 266 x <9; do, Ndryejd pnjht gh neuojhuo nhm dgntlm [elxjfens, \BT Nrt Dgeeldtjgh, © 2;>0, [rgEjttlrjs, Qurjd`

© \BT 2;>0. Nee rjf`ts rlslrvlm.

     H      \      T      L      E      ]      ]      J      E      I      G      Z      T      L      ]      R      \      G      D    1      H      G      T      T      N      J      E      L  .      T      J      R      R      N

     @      @      ]      L      R      N      F    1      Q      ]      J      V      G      C      N      R  .      �      [      F      N      M      N      �      H      G      J      ]      N      M      H      \      G      I      J      ]      ]      L      O      G      D      N      J      F      �      L      ]      N      ]      T      L      J      ]      ]      L      O      G      D      N      J      F      ©    1      J      ]      ]      L      O      G      D      N      J      F

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTLE INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

=

HLVT  Nrt onrclt  onrclt  Ogmjfejnhj‚s Hu dgud`ê (sur el dýtê fnud`l) (>:>6, elit) nt Tgt`lby‚s Hlw Zgrc jh Ony

Ejstlh hgw  Dghvlrsntjgh  mlbntl &  mlbntl irgo jhsjml t`l nrt wgrem  DGH]JH\LM IRGO [NFL >

     T      ‚      Z      B      L      @      ]      G      T      I      G      Z      T      L      ]      R      \      G      D    1      J      H      N      J      E      F      J      M      G      O

Ijrst, wjt` sud` `ufl prjdls bljhf nd`jlvlm jh t`l onrclt tgmny, ousluos nhm fneelrjls `nvl hg netlrhntjvl tg bgrrgwjhf stnr pjldls igr t`ljr bjf s`gws. Jh t`l dnsl gi ]ntl Ogmlrh‚s durrlht lx`jbjtjgh, [jdnssg >:42”Egvl, Inol, ]rnflmy (uhtje : Tlptloblr), nrguhm ghl-t`jrm gi t`l lx`jbjts dgol irgo prjvntl dgeeldtjghs, wjt` n ilw irgo nrt mlnelrs. ]`l s`gw igdusls gh n ylnr t`nt js wjt`jh t`l nrtjst‚s ogst mlsjrnbel nhm `jf`ey prjdlm plrjgms. Vjt`gut t`l egnhs, t`l lx`jbjtjgh sjopey dguem hgt `nvl `npplhlm. Tldghm, ousluos dnhhgt bl tgg mjfflduet wjt` elhmlrs, gt`lrwjsl t`ly ojf`t hgt flt t`l wgrcs nt nee”sg t`ly `nvl tg bnenhdl t`l hllm tg flt n sjfhj﬎dnht pjldl wjt` t`l pgssjbjejty t`nt jt ony npplnr gh t`l onrclt sggh nitlrwnrms. ]`ly mg hgt wnht tg nejlhntl elhmlrs nhm sg algpnrmjsl iuturl rlentjghs`jps, w`jd` js w`y, ns Onxwlee Nhmlrsgh snys1 ―Ousluos nrl uhejcley tg `gem n elhmlr tg Ssud` n_

dghmjtjgh3 t`ly nrl hgt ejtjfjgus.‟ ]`l ]ntl snys t`nt jh t`l dnsl gi t`l Ogmjfejnhj, t`l jhstjtutjgh‚s egnh nfrllolht ―stntls t`nt wgrcs elht igr lx`jbjtjgh oust hgt bl subaldt tg ghfgjhf hlfgtjntjghs igr snel‟, nhm t`nt ―t`l elhmlr nhhguhdlm `js mldjsjgh tg slee t`l wgrc ghey nitlr jt `nm bllh rlturhlm tg `js dnrl nt t`l degsl gi t`l lx`jbjtjgh‟. @gwlvlr, t`l nendrjty wjt` w`jd` Onfhjlr fgt `js pnjhtjhf tg onrclt” t`l prlss rlelnsl nhhguhdjhf t`nt jt  wns tg tg bl sgem npplnrl npplnrlm m elss t`nh t`rll  wllcs nitlr t`l ]ntl‚s ]ntl‚s s`gw lhmlm lhmlm” ” jhmjdntls t`nt hlfgtjntjghs wlrl nerlnmy wlee nmvnhdlm w`jel t`l wgrc  wns stjee stjee `nhfjhf `nhfjhf jh t`l t`l lx`jbjtjg lx`jbjtjgh. h. Onfhjlr mjm hgt rlspghm tg n rlqulst igr dgoolht.  Ns igr Hlw Hlw Zgrc‚s Zgrc‚s Oltrgpgejtnh Oltrgpgejtnh Ousluo, jt sjmlstlpplm t`l jssul, olrley snyjhf t`nt ―t`l @gdchly” nhm nee wgrcs gi nrt nt t`l Olt”wns mjspenylm bldnusl gur durntgrs mltlrojhlm jt tg bl n wgrt`y lxnopel gi nh

Jt js sllh ns uhlt`jdne tg elhm n wgrc, t`lh joolmjntley slee jt nrtjstjd nd`jlvlolht t`nt gur vjsjtgrs  wguem lhagy lhagy nhm mlslrvl mlslrvl tg tg sll‟. sll‟. Nhm t`l ]ntl wns nhxjgus tg uhmlrejhl t`nt egnhs lhnbel t`l pubejd tg sll wgrcs gi nrt t`nt nrl flhlrneey `jmmlh jh prjvntl dgeeldtjghs.

]urhjhf n bejhm lyl Onurjdl Mnvjls snys1 ―Djrduostnhdls  vnry, nhm  vnry, nhm sgoltjol sgoltjolss elhmlrs elhmlrs chgw lxndtey w`nt t`ly nrl fgjhf tg mg wlee jh nmvnhdl”nhm onybl t`l ousluo turhs n bjt gi n bejhm lyl bldnusl t`ly nrl sg cllh tg `nvl t`l egnh. Nt gt`lr tjols, t`ly nrl npprgnd`lm by nh nflht  w`lh t`l wgrc js gh mjspen mjspeny. y.‟ ]`l Ogmjfejnhj nhm t`l @gdchly nrl inr irgo t`l sgel lxnopels gi sud` ―s`gw nhm slee‟. Bndc jh 2;;0, t`l Lstleen dgeeldtjgh gi D`jhlsl dghtlopgrnry nrt

 wns ndtu ndtuneey neey trnm trnmlm lm w`jel stjee gh t`l t`l  wneess gi Mlho  wnee Mlhonrc‚ nrc‚ss Egujsj Egujsjnhn nhn Ousl Ousluo uo nhm t`l Jsrnle Ousluo jh Alrusnelo. Jh 2;>=, Onfrjttl‚s Els d`nsslurs nu bgrm ml en hujt (t`l `uhtlrs nt t`l lmfl gi hjf`t, >:20) wns slht igr snel nt D`rjstjl‚s Eghmgh aust wllcs nitlr t`l  wgrc wns s`gw s`gwh h nt Hlw Zg Zgrc‚s rc‚s Ousl Ousluo uo gi Ogmlrh Nrt3 gt`lr sud` jhstnhdls `nvl gddurrlm rlfuenrey. ]`lrl js nhgt`lr wny gi eggcjhf nt t`js jssul, `gwlvlr. Tjhdl ousluos nrl uhwjttjhfey ndtjhf ns s`gwrggos igr wgrcs subslqulhtey slht igr snel, plr`nps t`ly s`guem blhl﬎t w`lh t`gsl wgrcs oncl bjf prjdls”wjt`, sny, >% gi t`l prjdl fjvlh tg t`lo.  Ylhmgrs  Ylh mgrs ony ony hgt hgt `nvl `nvl n elfne gbejfntjgh tg mg t`js, but t`ly dguem `nvl n ogrne gbejfntjgh. ]`ljr wgrcs gi nrt blhl﬎t irgo lxpgsurl jh pubejd s`gws, sg plr`nps t`l ousluos jhvgevlm s`guem blhl﬎t tgg. ]`js wguem bl fggm igr ousluos‚ bumflts”nhm s`guem hgt bl tgg `nrm gh t`l vlhmgr.

]`l Nrt Hlwspnplr Vllcey pgmdnst jh nssgdjntjgh wjt` Bgh`nos

Hlw lpjsgml lvlry Irjmny, nvnjenbel irgo w`lrlvlr ygu ejstlh tg pgmdnsts, jhdeumjhf j]uhls, Ttjtd`lr, ]uhlJh, Tguhmdegum nhm t`lnrthlwspnplr.dgo/pgmdnsts

t`lnrthlwspnplr.dgo

␤ 

Flgrfjhn Nmno

]@L ONZGR FNEELRZ 

>:>;                  nregs Druz-Mïlz, [`ysjd`rgojl >:>;

 Nrt | Bnsle T]NHM N= N= BJEEZ EEZ N[[EL / VJIRLMG N RDN Z / JORL BNC BNC / A GG T]BNEAL\ / NEBL NEBLR] R]G BJNTJ NTJ / D @NREL @NRELT T BJLML BJLMLRONH DN RE REGT GT DN JR JRGEJ GEJ / O JF\L JF\LEE D@LYNEJLR LR / FJNHHJ D GEGOBG / BR BR\DL \DL DG HHL HHLR R VNEMLONR D GRML GRMLJR JRG G / A GTL GTL[@ [@ DG RHL RHLEE EE / D NREGT DR\Q-MÏLQ/ `lronh ml vrjl / N M MLCCL MLCCLRT RT ONP LRHT]/ VGA DJLD@ INHFGR / T]NHG IJ IJEC ECG G / E\ E\DJG DJG IGH] IGH]NHN NHN / A LNH FGRJH VNEEZ @LMR @LMRJDC JDC / N H] H]@GHZ @GHZ @JEE @JEE / FZÙ RFZ A GY ÎHG YJD T / N ]]JEN CGYÎD T  ]NMNNCJ C\VNZNON  ]NMNNCJ C\VNZNON / VNE]LR EL ELBE BENHD NHD / RNÑE EGQQ EGQQN / @LJHQON HQON DC / RGBLR]ONEENRZ RGBLR]ONEENRZ D@RJT] D@RJT ]JNH O LFLR]/ IRNHÆ GJT OG RL RLEEL EEL]/ G]]G [JLHL / TJFO FO NR [G ECL / OJRN TD@LHMLE  A NH TD@GG TD@GG H@GYLH / FLGRFL TLFNE TLFNE / ]\R \RJJ TJOL]J / CEN\T T]N\M]/ T@JHCJD@J HCJD@J ]NA JR JRJJ E\JT ]GO ]GO NTLE NTLEEG EG / FLR@NRM YG H F RNLYLHJ]Q/ DN RLE YJTTLR

Yjsjt [ndl nt Bggt` N< Auhl >= — >6 >6, 2;>0 2 ;>0

Rgblrt Rnusd`lhblrf Tgnrjhf Mrjbbel Feut >::2  neuojhuo, stlle, leldtrjd ejf`ts nhm tjojhf mlvjdl 2:6.2 x 04.0 x 4;.< do | :' :" x 2' :" x >' © 2;>0 Rgblrt Rnusd`lhblrf Iguhmntjgh / Ejdlhslm by YNFN, Hlw Zgrc

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTLE INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

9

MJNRZ   Bnsle 

@gey drnp!

Rlejli nee rguhm1 t`lrl wjee bl hg suplr-sjzlm lxdrlolht, gr huml sujts, nt Nrt Bnsle

Vny gut Vlst ollts urbnh d`jd1 Dnevjh Celjh‚s bnrhstgrojhf jhstneentjgh

\rnrn ]sud`jyn uhmlrtggc n onrnt`gh trnjh agurhly tg mlejvlr `lr entlst wgrc

Hgt ygur nvlrnfl rgmlg Zll-`nw! Dguhtry fjres nhm fuys dnh flt mgwh jh nh nee-Nolrjdnh bnrh jhstneelm nt Mlsjfh Ojnoj/Bnsle by hghl gt`lr t`nh Dnevjh Celjh. ]`l \T ins`jgh tjtnh‚s spldjne jhstneentjgh, rldghstrudtlm irgo rldenjolm >:t`-dlhtury wggm, js ghl gi slvlrne bujet igr t`l Dnevjh Celjh Inee 2;>0 dntwnec s`gw. ]`l rustjd rldghstrudtjgh js mldgrntlm wjt` jonfls gi Nhmy Vnr`ge‚s Leldtrjd D`njr nhm surrguhmlm by Dnssjhn Iletrj nrod`njrs, mlsjfhlm by t`l Jtnejnh nrd`jtldt nhm mlsjfhlr Fnltnhg [lsdl (ogrl t`nh =; nrod`njrs wlrl sgem murjhf t`l YJ[ prlvjlw). Entl enst ylnr, Rni Tjoghs, t`l drlntjvl mjrldtgr nt Dnevjh Celjh, lhtlrlm jhtg n igur-ylnr ejdlhsjhf ejdlhsjhf nfrllolht wjt` t`l Nhmy Vnr`ge Iguhmntjgh igr t`l Yjsune Nrts t`nt wjee neegw t`l ins`jgh brnhm tg usl Vnr`ge‚s jonfls3 jh rlturh, t`l iguhmntjgh flts n d`uhc gi iuhmjhf igr jts lhmgwolht. Tguhms ejcl n onrrjnfl onml jh dgwbgy `lnvlh.

[nrty ejcl jt‚s >9:: Vl wguem ejcl tg wjs` ghl gi t`l nrt wgrem‚s ogst vlhlrnbel fneelrjsts, Onrjnh Fggmonh, n `nppy :;t` bjrt`mny. [`gtgfrnp`s pgstlm Bjrt`mny fjre gh sgdjne olmjn OnrjnhFggmonh s`gw t`nt t`l Hlw Zgrc-bnslm mlnelr wns trlntlm tg n `ufl bjrt`mny bns` enst wllc, nt t`l [nendl gi Ylrsnjeels, gutsjml [nrjs. Ghl dgoolhtntgr upegnmlm n pjdturl gi �rlwgrcs dnsdnmjhf gvlr t`l peus` d`ntlnu ghdl jh`nbjtlm by Egujs PJY3 #w`ntnhjf`t ilnturlm noghf t`l `ns`tnfs. Jh >:66, Fggmonh gplhlm `lr fneelry jh Hlw Zgrc wjt` nh lx`jbjtjgh gi Anols Ell Bylrs nhm Onrdle Brggmt`nlrs. Nt Nrt Bnsle, `lr fneelry js s`gwjhf wgrcs by Al﬋ Vnee nhm Hnjry Bnf`rnojnh, noghf gt`lrs. Onhy `nppy rlturhs.

Hg sellp ‐tje… Bnsle

Nh lx`jbjtjgh gi inldne onttlr, durrlhtey gh s`gw nt t`l Ousluo Bgjaonhs vnh Bluhjhflh jh Rgttlrmno, js oncjhf plgpel t`jhc nbgut t`l tnbgg subaldt gi turms. ]`lsl lhgrogus lxdrlolht pjldls”pnrt gi t`l s`gw Ygro, Ileegws, Nttjtuml (uhtje >2 Nufust)”wlrl onml by t`l Yjlhhn-bnslm nrt dgeeldtjvl Flejtjh. Yjsjtgrs dnh, ji t`ly wjs`, mrlss up jh spldjne hnclm sujts tg nmojrl t`l igur pgg-jhspjrlm sduepturls3 jt js nee

nbgut fgjhf bndc tg bnsjds, nppnrlhtey. ―]`js js n s`gw igr nee gi t`gsl w`g t`jhc dghtlopgrnry nrt js s`jt,‟ Flejtjh snys. ―]`ly s`guem dgol nhm sll t`js s`jt s`gw. ]`ly wjee bl sntjs�lm.‟ Olnhw`jel, t`l nrt dgeeldtjvl js s`gwjhf t`l wgrc \htjtelm (2;>0) wjt` Onssjog Ml Dnreg nt Nrt Bnsle t`js wllc. ]`l pjldl js n ojrrgr wgrc3 vjsjtgrs ony bl rlejlvlm tg `lnr t`nt t`lrl js hg pgg gh t`l fneelry‚s stnhm.

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Jt‚s n injr dgp-g﬋1 Nrt Bnsle‚srlpurpgslm tgjeltdubjdels

[NJH]JHFT NHM TD\E[]\RLT 

Onezfnssl 2; =;<2 Bnsle Twjtzlrenhm [`ghl +=> (;)9> 26> 6> 04 onjeKnhhlogon.dgo www.nhhlogon.dgo

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Cllpjhf wjt` tgmny‚s sdntgegfjdne t`lol, t`l tgjelts jh t`l onjh injr `nvl n dubjdel rlslrvlm lspldjneey igr lx`jbjtgrs, elst t`l dgeeldtgrs nhm t`l pubejd gddupy nee t`l stnees, elnvjhf lx`jbjtgrs dnuf`t s`grt w`lh t`ly hllm tg tncl n dgoigrt brlnc. But murjhf ylstlrmny‚s jhstneentjgh nt NrtBnsle”w`lh tld`hjdjnhs, mlnelrs nhm nrtjsts wlrl `nrm nt wgrc”sgolghl `nm d`llcjey dustgojslm ghl gi t`l dubjdels igr nhgt`lr typl gi, s`nee wl sny, ndtjvjty.

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Igr injr-fglrs wjt` hg rlslrvntjghs

 Nrtggh  Nrtg gh by [nbeg @lefulrn

―J chgw t`nt, igr n yguhf nrtjst, dgopltjtjgh js mnuhtjhf, but aust cllp jh ojhm t`nt t`lrl nrl  wny ogrl ogrl bjlhhjnes bjlhhjnes t`nh nrtjsts.‟

Nt t`l gplhjhf gi Ejstl nrt injr ylstlrmny, ylstlrmny, t`l Anpnhlsl nrtjst \rnrn ]sud`jyn dnuslm qujtl n stjr wjt` n dntwnec plrigronhdl ilnturjhf sdnhtjey denm ogmles gh t`l stnhm gi Eghmgh‚s \hjgh [ndj�d fneelry. Tgol gi t`l ogrl upstnhmjhf dgeeldtgrs sjopey mjm hgt chgw w`lrl tg rlst t`ljr lyls. ]`l plrigronhdl nddgopnhjlm n mjspeny gi ]sud`jyn‚s ]sud`jyn‚s jhtjontl dlrnojd bgwes, w`jd`, gh degslr jhspldtjgh, ilnturlm grfy sdlhls bltwllh `uonhs nhm gt`lr drlnturls. ]`l nrtjst `lrslei tggc pnrt jh t`l plrigronhdl mlspjtl nh lx`nustjhf trnjh agurhly enstjhf ogrl t`nh 2= `gurs, irgo Fensfgw tg Bnsle vjn Eghmgh, Brussles, Dgegfhl nhm Irnhciurt. Ghl gi `lr hlw enrfl-sdnel dlrnojds dguem hgt bl s`jpplm jh tjol igr t`l injr‚s gplhjhf. nhm wns tgg bjf tg dnrry gh t`l penhl”sg t`l peudcy nrtjst mldjmlm tg bgnrm n trnjh jh Eghmgh nt =no tg blfjh `lr gmyssly. Irgo dgurjlr tg dntwnec ogmle jh aust n mny…

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Dnrge Bgvl

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Rjd`nrm Tlrrn Injrs

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VGREM1

 Js t`l bjlhhjne ogmle  ogmle 

B\T]LM7 Rjfn, Bnhfcgc, Täg [nueg”lvlry ogmlrh djty wnhts n bjlhhjne. But js t`js fggm igr dghtlopgrnry nrt7 Elnmjhf durntgrs agjh t`l `gt mlbntl. By Anhl Ogrrjs

 V 

jt` t`l lxdlptjgh gi  Ylhjdl,  Ylh jdl, ilw ilw jhtlrhntjghne bjlhhjnes `nvl t`l prlstjfl gi t`l Bjlhne ml Täg [nueg, w`jd` gplhs jts 44rm lmjtjgh jh Tlptloblr. V`lh jt blfnh jh >:<> jt wns ghl gi aust twg1 hgw jt ﬎f`ts igr nttlhtjgh noghf >: jh Tgut` Nolrjdn neghl. Tg, jt ony dgol ns n surprjsl tg `lnr jts mjrldtgr, Fnbrjle [êrlz-Bnrrljrg, nrful t`nt jt js tjol tg mgwhsjzl. ]gg onhy bjlhhjnes, `l snys, nrl studc jh w`nt `l dnees ―durntgrjnejso nt jts frnhmlst‟, w`lrl ―t`l bjfflr t`l bjlhhjne, t`l ogrl nrtjsts ygu `nvl, t`l blttlr‟. [êrlz-Bnrrljrg blejlvls jt js tjol tg rlt`jhc t`l bjlhhjne, rligdusjhf gh nrtjsts nhm t`l lxplrjlhdl gi nrt. Bnrrljrg js hgt neghl. ]`js wllc, n frgup gi elnmjhf durntgrs wjee mlbntl t`l iuturl gi t`l bjlhhjne nt Nrt Bnsle. ]`l splnclrs jhdeuml T`wltne Ns`vjh [ntle, t`l dg-iguhmlr gi t`l Cgd`j-Ouzjrjs Bjlhhnel3 Qgl Butt, t`l dg-durntgr gi t`l 2;>: T`nran`

42;

Mgduolhtn >= s`gwlm ogrl t`nh 2;; nrtjsts jh 02 vlhuls jh Nt`lhs nhm Cnssle, Flronhy. By dgopnrjsgh, Täg [nueg neogst eggcs Bjlhhjnes ndrgss ogmlst1 jt typjdneey ﬎ees t`l fegbl n 2<,;;; sq. o lx`jbjtjgh spndl. (]`nt js neogst mgubel t`l plronhlht nhm tlopgrnry lx`jbjtjgh spndls jh Eghmgh‚s ]ntl Ogmlrh nhm jts hlw lxtlhsjgh dgobjhlm.) Tjzl mgls hgt onttlr, gi dgursl, ji t`lrl js lhguf` wgrc, durntgrs nhm oghly tg oguht fggm s`gws”nhm vjsjtgrs cllh tg nttlhm. ]`l ilnr js t`nt t`js js hgt t`l dnsl. ―]`lrl‚s bllh n `ufl prgejilrntjgh gi Bjlhhjne3 Rnep` Rufg﬋, t`l hlxt mjrldtgr bjlhhjnes, igr nee cjhms gi strnhfl rlnsghs1 Drgwms fnt`lr jh gi t`l Ylhjdl Bjlhhnel3 nhm Lvn Fghzîelzt`l onrclt, t`l mlsjrl tg oncl spldtndels, t`l Nrslhnel igr t`l Tnhd`g, w`g wjee hlxt ylnr enuhd` t`l ﬎rst drlntl vjsjbjejty igr n rlfjgh,‟ [êrlz-Bnrrljrg Ylhjdl Nrd`jtldturl Gseg Bjlhhjne. snys. ―J t`jhc vlry ilw Shlw bjlhhjnes_ dnol Bjlhhnel t`js ylnr Rlslnrd` by Qurjd` \hjvlrsjty gi t`l irgo plgpel dgoojttlm tg nmvnhdjhf t`l  Nrts, fnt`l fnt`lrlm rlm uhmlr uhmlr t`l mjrldtjg mjrldtjgh h gi [ntle dghvlrsntjgh gh dghtlopgrnry nrt.‟ nhm Rghnem Cgeb, `ns iguhm t`nt t`lrl nrl ]`l lxplrjlhdl n bjlhhjne g﬋lrs js hgw 42; bjlhhjnes. ]`l mntn, w`jd` js mul t`l sgurdl gi oud` mlbntl. ]`lrl nrl t`l tg bl pubejs`lm t`js oght` jh t`l ghejhl onagr, ―oust-sll‟ wgrem lvlhts1 Ylhjdl,  agurhne  agurh ne Gh Durnt Durntjhf, jhf, rlvlne rlvlness t`nt t`nt t`lrl t`lrl wlrl wlrl Mgduolhtn, Täg [nueg nhm Fwnhfau. ]`lrl ilwlr t`nh 4; bjlhhjnes jh Lurgpl jh t`l nrl t`gsl t`nt `nvl nhjontlm nhm rlvlnelm entl >:0;s”hgw t`l dghtjhlht bgnsts >49. t`l dueturl gi n rlfjgh1 T`nran`, Cgd`jJh Nsjn, t`lrl wlrl nrguhm 2; nt t`l lhm gi Ouzjrjs nhm @nvnhn. Bltwllh t`lsl, t`lrl t`l >::;s, hgw t`lrl nrl 02. Nhm t`l nrl onhy bjlhhjnes t`nt nrl olmjgdrl. ]`lrl enuhd`ls dghtjhul1 hlw lvlhts nrl ―n egt gi qulstjghs eggojhf, durntgrjt`js ylnr jhdeuml Rjbgdn jh neey splncjhf,‟ snys Nhmrîs Tzîhtô, n Hlw Rjfn, Entvjn, t`l Bnhfcgc  Zgrc-bnsl  Zgrc -bnslm m dueturne dueturne strntl strntlfy fy dghsuetn dghsuetnht ht w`g w`g Bjlhhjne, nhm n hlw trjlhjs ogmlrntjhf t`l Nrt Bnsle tnec. ―Dnh ygu hjne, Irght, jh G`jg. mg n prlslhtntjgh t`nt jsh‚t aust g﬋lrjhf up Olnhw`jel, sgol gi brgojmls nhm nhgmyhl dntlfgrjls7 Oust t`l ogst lstnbejs`lm  ygu `nvl `nvl n `nrm dghdl dghdlptune ptune irnolwg irnolwgrc rc jhtg jhtg lx`jbjtjghs `nvl  w`jd` nee wgrcs wgrcs aust aust `nvl `nvl tg ﬎t7 Dnh Dnh ygu bldgol suplr-sjzlm. ]`l prgvjml durntjgh t`nt js bgt` slrjgus nhm Bjlhhjnes, oncjhf 2;>6 Ylhjdl Bjlhhnel wns nesg lxplrjlhtjneey dgopleejhf7‟ ghl gi t`l enrflst jh t`l Qgl Butt js n Yjlthno-bnslm durntgr wjt` jt t`l elnmlr jh lvlht‚s >22-ylnr `jstgry, nhm DGH]JH\LM GH [NFL >;  sud` lvlhts

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NTJN1

]ghy Agslp`‚s pnvjejgh igr t`l 2;>9 lmjtjgh gi t`l Cgd`j-Ouzjrjs Bjlhhnel jh Clrnen. ]`l lvlht `ns nhjontlm t`l Jhmjnh rlfjgh‚s dueturl

02

]`l sldghm enrflst huoblr nhm ghl gi t`l inst-frgwjhf rlfjghs igr bjlhhjnes

Mghhn Cucnon plrigros J‚o Hgt V`g Zgu ]`jhc J‚o Hgt (2;>6) nt t`l tlht` Blrejh Bjlhhnel

ogrl t`nh n mldnml‚s wgrt` gi lxplrjlhdl gi  wgrcjhf wjt` lolrf  wgrcjhf lolrfjhf jhf spndls spndls jh jh Tgut` Tgut` Lnst Lnst  Nsjn. T`l nmojts nmojts tg bljhf bljhf ―`jf`ey ―`jf`ey drjtjdn drjtjdnee gi t`l bjlhhjne ogmle‟. But s`l `ns nfrllm tg dg-mjrldt `lr ﬎rst, jh T`nran`, hlxt ylnr. ―Jt‚s bllh nonzjhf t`nt jh T`nran` n fgvlrholht lhtjty wjee iuhm sgolt`jhf wjt` n fegbne  vjsjgh igr n egdne pgpuent pgpuentjgh, jgh,‟‟ Butt Butt snys. snys. ―Ji ―Ji  ygu eggc eggc nt ghl gi gi t`l bjlhh bjlhhjnes jnes jh ]`njen ]`njenhm, hm, jt‚s nee nbgut prgogtjhf ]`njenhm. J qulstjgh  w`lt`lr  w`lt` lr tgurjsts tgurjsts nrl t`l t`l blst blst plgpel plgpel tg tg put egdne djtjzlhs‚ jhtlrlsts nt `lnrt, net`guf` J sll jt js dghsjmlrlm nh nddlptnbel ogmle igr dghtrjbutjhf tg FM[.‟

― Bjlhhjnes nrl t`l wny jh w`jd` egts gi nrtjsts lolrfl gh t`l jhtlrhntjghne sdlhl ‟

T`l rlonjhs dghdlrhlm, `gwlvlr, nbgut t`l lhmelss d`urh t`l bjlhhjne djrdujt drlntls. ―[lgpel sny tg ol1 ‐Zgu‚ee bl mgjhf nhgt`lr vlry sggh.‚ Oy fut rlndtjgh js1 J mgh‚t chgw `gw J dguem. J‚o mrnwjhf gh tlh  ylnrs gi rlslnrd` rlslnrd` tg put t`js ghl ghl tgflt`l tgflt`lr. r.‟ ]`l snol, s`l snys, nppejls tg nrtjsts. ―J‚o  wnry gi t`l indtgr indtgryy gi prgmud prgmudtjgh tjgh t`lsl t`lsl lx`jbjtjghs flhlrntl,‟ s`l snys. ―]g w`nt lxtlht nrl wl lxpldtjhf nrtjsts tg prgmudl sjfhj﬎dnht wgrcs, w`lh, jh onhy dnsls, t`ly `nvl aust n ilw oght`s tg mg jt7‟ [ntle js nesg wnry gi t`l frgwt` jh bjlhhjnes. ―N dlrtnjh jhtlrhntjghne durntgrjne enhfunfl nhm nrtjstjd prndtjdl js mgojhntjhf3 t`lrl‚s ‐bjlhhjne nrt‚,‟ `l snys. ―Nhm jh t`l fegbne sgut`, t`nt rlneey onttlrs bldnusl bjlhhjnes nrl t`l wny jh w`jd` egts gi nrtjsts lolrfl gh t`l jhtlrhntjghne nrt sdlhl. SBut_ ji wl dnrry gh ns wl nrl, w`nt wl wjee flt js oud` gi n oud`hlss, jt‚s `gogflhljty nhm jt‚s flnttlhjhf.‟

Jh 2;>9, t`l spllm gi fegbnejsntjgh”nhm by jhilrlhdl t`l frgwt` jh dghtlopgrnry nrt jt sustnjhs”wns prlmjdtlm tg segw. ]`lrl `nvl bllh n ilw jhmjdntgrs1 t`l Onrrncld` Bjlhhnel jh Ilbrunry wns dnhdleelm nitlr spghsgrs  wjt`mrlw  wjt`mr lw irgo t`l lvlht. lvlht. N oght` oght` entlr entlr,, t`l Oghtrlne Bjlhhjne igemlm wjt` mlbts gi $>0;,;;;.. But mlspjtl t`js, jt js tgg lnrey tg $>0;,;;; sny t`l gvlrnee trlhm js rlvlrsjhf. Jh indt, gvlr t`l pnst <; ylnrs, ilwlr t`nh 2; bjlhhjnes `nvl mjsnpplnrlm. Ejcl bujemjhf dghtlopgrnry nrt ousluos, n bjlhhjne rlonjhs gh onhy ogmlrh djtjls‚ ―oust-`nvl‟ ejst.  Ns wlee wlee ns qulst qulstjghjhf jghjhf t`l qunejty qunejty gi t`l lxplrjlhdl gi oud` gi w`nt js gh g﬋lr, [êrlz-Bnrrljrg blejlvls t`nt t`l huoblr gi bjlhhjnes wjee uetjontley bl uhsustnjhnbel. ―Ji ygu wnhtlm tg vjsjt nee t`lsl t`jhfs, J mgh‚t t`jhc t`lrl js n `uonh bljhf jh t`l wgrem w`g dguem survjvl t`nt oud` trnvle,‟ `l snys. ―Jt‚s nh jopgssjbel dnelhmnr,  wjt`gutt lvlh  wjt`gu lvlh olhtjghj olhtjghjhf hf t`l t`l nrt injrs nhm nee t`l gt`lr t`jhfs. ]`lrl‚s uhmgubtlmey n snturntjgh pgjht nhm wl‚vl rlnd`lm jt.‟ Tg, w`nt js t`l iuturl gi bjlhhjnes nhm  w`nt, ji nhyt`jhf nhyt`jhf,, wguem wguem prgopt prgopt d`nhfl d`nhfl77 [lr`nps ghey w`lh dgeeldtgrs, durntgrs, nrtjsts nhm drjtjds nrl elss wjeejhf tg pnrtjdjpntl. [ntle snys1 ―Jt‚s hgt lhguf`, t`js pgejtjds gi t`l pendnrm, snyjhf wl nrl nfnjhst t`js gr t`nt, but tld`hjdneey wl‚rl mgjhf  w`nt lvlryg lvlryghl hl `ns `ns bllh bllh mgjhf mgjhf igr ylnrs. ]`nt js t`l dlhtrne jssul1 gur flhlrntjgh hllms tg rlneey qulstjgh lvlryt`jhf wl‚vl jh`lrjtlm. ]`nt‚s trul igr ousluos, nrt injrs, bjlhhjnes… lvlryt`jhf.‟ • V`nt Dnh n Bjlhhjne Mg7, @ nee >.>, ]`ursmny >=  Auhl, >;no->>.4;no

]@L BLT] GI ]@L RLT] JH 2;>0 >;t` Blrejh Bjlhhnel Vl Mgh‚t Hllm Nhgt`lr @lrg

js igdusjhf gh nrtjsts nhm t`l vjsjtgr lxplrjlhdl.

Tgut` Nirjdnh durntgr Fnbj Hfdgbg penhs tg nmmrlss ―t`l durrlht wjmlsprlnm stntls gi dgeeldtjvl psyd`gsjs‟.

>2t` T`nhf`nj Bjlhhnel [rgrlfrlss1 Nrt jh nh Nfl gi @jstgrjdne Nobjvnelhdl

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Onhjilstn ]`l [enhltnry Fnrmlh ]`l trnvleejhf Onhjilstn trnjh puees up jh t`l dnpjtne gi Tjdjey. ]`l 2;>0 lmjtjgh js t`lolm nrguhm ojfrntjgh nhm dejontl d`nhfl.

]`l lx`jbjtjgh‚s durntgr, Dunu`têogd Olmjhn, snys t`nt `l ―wjee prlslht dghtlopgrnry wgrcs gi nrt t`nt lobgmy nh lpgd` t`nt ml�ls nhy jmlnejslm hnrrntjvl‟. >; HGYLOBLR�>; ONRD@ 2;>:

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Fwnhfau Bjlhhnel Jonfjhlm Bgrmlrs

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Lelvlh durntgrs nrl oncjhf slpnrntl lx`jbjtjghs, peus jhstneentjghs gh t`l >:0; Fwnhfau \prjsjhf.

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Entjh Nolrjdn‚s tgp bjlhhjne. Jts durntgr Fnbrjle [êrlz-Bnrrljrg

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Onrtjh Cjpplhblrflr nus mlr Tlrjl Mns G`hl ]jtle ( nus Ieg× mlr Olmusn) sjfhlm wjt` t`l nrtjst‚s jhjtjnes, tjtelm nhm mntlm ‐O.C. ‐:9 ―Olmusn‟‚ gh t`l rlvlrsl gje gh dnhvns ><; x >0; do (<: x 6;�⁍� jh.) [njhtlm jh >::9. © Lstntl gi Onrtjh Cjpplhblrflr Cjpplhblrflr,, Fnelrjl Fjslen Dnpjtnjh, Dgegfhl.

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JH [JD]\RLT  [nrdgurs  [ nrdgurs

Irgo trlnmjhf gh tnxjmlroy tg sguhms irgo t`l slwlrs

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nrdgurs, t`l sldtjgh gi Nrt Bnsle mlmjdntlm tg irll pubejd nrt prgaldts, js ―qujtl rnmjdneey mj﬋lrlht‟ jh 2;>0, snys Tnoule Elulhblrflr, jts durntgr igr t`l t`jrm ylnr ruhhjhf. ―Ogst plgpel nrl stjee uhmlr t`l joprlssjgh t`nt jt‚s nh gutmggr sduepturl s`gw, but jt‚s oud` ogrl t`nh t`nt,‟ `l snys. ]`l onagrjty gi t`l 24 dgoojssjghs nrl ndtuneey mjspenylm jhmggrs, ns [nrdgurs vlhturls blyghm t`l Oõhstlrpentz tg hlw egdntjghs nrguhm t`l djty. Vgrcjhf jhmggrs lhnbels nrtjsts tg rlspghm tg n bujemjhf‚s `jstgry, TnouleElulhblrflr Elulhblrflr snys, nhm tg wlnvl t`nt `jstgry tgflt`lr wjt` t`ljr gwh igros gi stgrytleejhf. ]`js prgoptlm t`l t`lol gi [nrdgurs t`js ylnr, ]leejhf Ttgrjls igr t`l Iuturl, w`jd` js n wny tg ―fjvl t`l nrtjsts ns oud` Sirllmgo_ ns pgssjbel‟, Elulhblrflr snys. ]`l jmln `ns ―pgejtjdne pgtlhtjne‟, pgtlhtjne‟, `l snys, but t`jhc pgejtjds wjt` n sonee ―p‟, irgo n surrlne lhdguhtlr wjt` rgbgts tg n ololhtg ogrj igr t`l nhjone wgrem. @nhhn` OdFjvlrh

ONRC ONHMLRT > Rggo wjt` ]`rll Mlnm Bjrms nhm Ineejhf Mjdtjghnry (>::4/2;>0) nhm @gusl wjt` Hgtjghne Hlwspnplrs (2;>0)  Qlhg P Fneelry, Fneelry, ]nhyn ]nhyn Bghncmnr Bghncmnr Fneelry 

―Onrc Onhmlrs �rst subojttlm n prgaldt igr Bnsle‚s Hnturne @jstgry Ousluo dneelm ]`rll Mlnm Bjrms nhm n Ineejhf Mjdtjghnry. Zgu wnec jhtg n enrfl rggo wjt` n sgit igno �ggr nhm sgolw`lrl uhmlrhlnt` nrl t`rll tnxjmlrojlm bjrms. ]`l oystlry js hgt chgwjhf w`lrl t`ly nrl, sg ygu dguem pgtlhtjneey stlp gh t`lo. V`jel eggcjhf nt sjtls, wl wneclm pnst n ruhmgwh, lopty pnstgr‚s �nt, nhm Onhmlrs ilee jh egvl wjt` t`l spndl. J tgem `jo `l dguem `nvl twg prgaldts jh [nrdgurs ji `l wns up tg t`l d`neelhfl. Jh t`l @gusl wjt` Hgtjghne Hlwspnplrs, sduepturne sjtuntjghs pgjht tg t`l indt t`nt sgolbgmy js ejvjhf `lrl. Jt ojf`t bl nh nrtjst jh t`js �nt w`g js `jmjhf `joslei irgo sgdjlty nhm aust wgrcjhf nwny.‟ nwny.‟

]@GONT T]R\]@ 2 Nhjones (2;>0) Onrjnh Fggmonh Fneelry 

―]`l jopgrtnhdl gi nhjones js n rldurrjhf t`lol t`js ylnr. ]`gons Ttrut` js s`gwjhf n blnutjiue p`gtgfrnp`jd slrjls gi nhjones t`nt `nvl mjlm gi hnturne dnusls nhm nrl bljhf nutgpsjlm by stn﬋ nt Blrejh‚s Eljbhjz Jhstjtutl igr Qggegfjdne nhm Vjemejil Rlslnrd`. ]`ly nrl s`gwh jh n Ogmlrhjst d`urd` t`nt js bljhf rlhgvntlm ns n rl`lnrsne spndl igr Bnsle‚s syop`ghy grd`lstrn. Ttrut` wns begwh nwny by t`l pgwlr gi t`l nrd`jtldturl. Jt summlhey dejdclm t`nt `l wnhtlm tg s`gw t`l p`gtgfrnp`s jh ololhtg ogrj styel, susplhmlm jh ojm-njr. @l js jhtg ogmlrh denssjdne ousjd, sg `l `ns nesg durntlm n ousjd prgfrnool. Jt‚s n plrildt lxnopel gi `gw [nrdgurs dnh drlntl sgolt`jhf dgopeltley uhlxpldtlm, hgt aust igr t`l numjlhdl but Snesg_ igr t`l nrtjst.‟

4 ALTTJDN T]GDC@GEMLR ]`rll squnrlm gh t`l rjvlr bnhc (2;>0) Ojtd`lee-Jhhls & Hns`, Fnelrjl Híd`st  Tt Ttlp`nh Rgslonrjl Rgslonrjl Td`wnrzwíemlr  Td`wnrzwíemlr 

―Alssjdn Ttgdc`gemlr �nttlhs t`l `jlrnrd`y bltwllh sduepturl nhm pnjhtjhf, bltwllh `jf` nhm egw nrt. T`l js prlslhtjhf sduepturls, bnslm gh `lr Nssjst slrjls, t`nt hllm nhgt`lr lhvjrgholht gr gbaldt tg elnh nfnjhst gr wrnp nrguhm. Ghl js pendlm gh tgp gi n brjmfl nfnjhst n mrnfgh-fnrfgyel rlprlslhtjhf t`l Bnsjejsc. Nhgt`lr js gh t`l rjvlrbnhc blegw. T`l‚s t`rgwjhf n mj﬋lrlht plrspldtjvl gh t`l djty jtslei, hgt pjdcjhf gbvjgus sdlhjd egdntjghs but agetjhf plgpel

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irgo t`ljr nddustgolm wny gi fgjhf nbgut t`l mny. T`l penys wjt` n brjf`t, dgeguriue pnelttl, sg t`l wgrcs nrl hgt hldlssnrjey blnutjiue”t`ly‚rl mjsruptjvl.‟

OLT^\J]N = DNRGEJHL ]`l Ond`jhl Rggo (2;>0) DnrejlrFlbnulr 

―Dnrgejhl Olsqujtn‚s �eo nhm sduepturne wgrcs nrl jhtlfrntlm wjt` wggmlh rlejfjgus gbaldts irgo t`l @jstgry Ousluo gi Bnsle‚s plronhlht dgeeldtjgh. T`l usls stgp-ogtjgh nhjontjgh jh `lr �eos, w`jd` gitlh pgrtrny `lr nhm `lr irjlhms jhtlrndtjhf wjt` n hlw brllm gi rgbgtjd bljhfs t`nt s`l `ns sdueptlm. ]`js strnhfl jhtlrndtjgh qulstjghs w`lrl wl stnhm jh gur lhfnflolht wjt` tld`hgegfy. T`l js n pgst-jhtlrhlt-flhlrntjgh nrtjst, but jt‚s hgt dyhjdne3 jt‚s qujtl pgltjd, `gw s`l mlnes wjt` Stld`hgegfy_. Zgu dguem jonfjhl n brjmfl irgo t`l >:26 �eo Oltrgpgejs. T`l‚s stjee nscjhf w`nt jt olnhs igr gur gwh bgmjls, `nvjhf t`lsl gt`lr bgmj ls jh gur ejvls.‟

VLJHBLRFLR < @NHHN@ Mgwh ]`lrl (2;>0) IrllmonhIjtzpntrjdc 

―@nhhn` Vljhblrflr js n yguhf Bnsle-bnslm nrtjst w`g wgrcs wjt` sguhm nhm plrigronhdl. T`l `ns jhstneelm sguhm pjldls jh n `nei-ojel strltd` gi t`l djty‚s slwlr systlo, sg t`js rlsghnhdl nddgopnhjls ygu ns ygu wnec t`rguf` t`l djty. T`l js n onstlr gi ojxjhf �lem rldgrmjhfs irgo `lr trnvles nhm slei-dgopgslm sguhmtrndcs. T`l penys vlry pgltjdneey wjt` t`l plrjp`lrne sguhm tg w`jd` wl‚rl dghstnhtey lxpgslm, sud` ns w`lh wl wnec t`rguf` t`l strllts. Zgu t`jhc ygu rldgfhjsl jt, but s`l stjee brjhfs n olegmjd qunejty tg jt t`nt oncls jt ousjdne.‟

@\ZF@L 9 [JLRRL Lxgojhm (Mllp Vntlr) (2;>6) Onrjnh Fggmonh Fneelry, Fnelrjl D`nhtne Drgusle, @nuslr & Vjrt`, Lst`lr Td`jpplr 

―]`js js n dnrliueey d`gslh lhvjrgholht wjt` ejvl nhjones3 blls nrl nmmlm tg t`l sduepturl nt t`l `lnrt gi jt. Tg jt js nh lxpnhmlm jmln”ogrl t`nh aust n chllejhf �furl. Zgu dnh ghey �hm jt nt t`l lhm gi n eghf wnec t`rguf` n prjvntl fnrmlh gi t`l Neefloljhl Elslflsleesd`nit3 jt‚s t`l ghey rguf`, gvlrfrgwh nrln jh dlhtrne Bnsle. Zgu‚ee prgbnbey `lnr t`l blls nt wgrc bligrl ygu sll t`l sduepturl. Zgu �hneey npprgnd` t`l cjhm gi ldgsystlo t`nt [jlrrl @uyf`l ejcls tg drlntl. ]`lrl‚s n drgss-pgeejhntjgh bltwllh mj﬋lrlht ejvjhf grfnhjsos, w`jd` gi dgursl jhdeumls us, ns vjsjtgrs.‟ • ]`l jonfl s`gws nh lnrejlr jhstneentjgh gi t`l wgrc jh Anpnh

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JH]LRYJLV   Nrtjst 

Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh1

Dgge sdjlhdl ]`l \T pjghllr gi mjfjtne nrt mjsdussls `lr pnssjgh igr duttjhf-lmfl bjgegfy nhm jts jhflulhdl gh `lr hlw ouetjolmjn lx`jbjtjgh, Nhtj-Bgmjls. By Blh Eucl

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lw nrtjsts `nvl pjghllrlm mjfjtne nhm vjrtune tld`hgegfjls nhm lxpegrlm t`ljr sgdjltne jopejdntjghs ns mllpey ns Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh. Bnslm jh Tnh Irnhdjsdg, s`l `ns wgrclm ndrgss p`gtgfrnp`y, vjmlg, ﬎eo, plrigronhdl nhm  vnrjguss mjfjtne  vnrjgu mjfjtne igronts igronts.. T`l onml t`l ﬎rst ﬎rst enslrmjs enslrmjsdd  wgrc jh jh >:0=”Egr >:0=”Egrhn, hn, nh nh jhtlrndtj jhtlrndtjvl vl pjldl”nh pjldl”nhm m lnrey lnrey dghtrjbutjghs tg jhtlrhlt nrt. Ns eghf nfg ns >::< s`l  wns wgrcjhf wgrcjhf wjt` nrtj﬎djn nrtj﬎djnee jhtleejflh jhtleejflhdl dl tld`hgeg tld`hgegfjls. fjls. [lr`nps `lr blst-chgwh wgrc wns n ―prjvntl plrigronhdl‟ jhvgevjhf `lr drlntjgh jh ojhutl mltnje gi Rgblrtn Brljtogrl, n wgonh wjt` `lr gwh plrsghnejty trnjts w`g, gvlr ﬎vl ylnrs, mlvlegplm n rlne, mgduolhtlm lxjstlhdl. Onml jh >:64-60, jt i grls`nmgwlm 2>st-dlhtury jmlhtjty-t`lolm sgdjne olmjn wgrcs, sud` ns t`gsl by Nonejn \eonh gh Jhstnfrno.

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]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR1 Zgu stumjlm  bjgegfy”`gw oud` gi w`nt ygu‚rl ygu‚rl mgjhf hgw js n hnturne lxtlhsjgh gi t`l enhfunfl ygu wlrl elnrhjhf ns n sdjlhtjst7 EZHH @LRT@ONH ELLTGH1 J t`jhc J‚vl

newnys bllh nh nrtjst, sjhdl J wns onybl twg  ylnrs gem3 jtjt wns t`l enhfunf enhfunfll t`nt t`nt J chlw, chlw, t`nt J dguem dgoouhjdntl, t`guf` hgt tg onhy plgpel. But oy ogt`lr wns n bjgegfjst nhm oy inojey nrl nee sdjlhtjsts”oy mnuf`tlr js n sdjlhtjst, oy brgt`lr js n sdjlhtjst. Tg, tg ol, sdjlhdl js onfjd, nhm gi dgursl jt `ns d`nhflm lhgrogusey, pnrtjduenrey jh t`l pnst >< ylnrs, sg jt‚s ejcl n dgopeltley hlw enhfunfl. But J t`jhc t`lrl‚s bllh n insdjhntjgh igr ol jh w`nt‚s `npplhjhf tg gur spldjls nhm pnrtjduenrey sjhdl DRJT[R SDeustlrlm Rlfuenrey Jhtlrspndlm T`grt [nejhmrgojd Rlplnts, n bndtlrjne mlilhdl systlo nt t`l `lnrt gi n igro gi flhgol lmjtjhf tld`hgegfy_ nhm sjhdl t`l flhgol  wns prgfrno prgfrnoolm, olm, nhm t`l t`l d`gjdls d`gjdls t`nt wl `nvl hgw, jt sllolm ejcl t`js wns ghl gi t`l

]`l nrtjst `gemjhf t`l Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh nhtjbgmy (2;>0). Rjf`t, n mltnje irgo ]`l Jh�hjty Lhfjhl (2;>=)

ogrl jopgrtnht lelolhts gi gur `uonh dghmjtjgh, nhm rlneey t`l dghmjtjgh gi nee ejvjhf t`jhfs. Tg t`nt‚s w`nt jhtlrlstlm ol jh jt. But J mg t`jhc jt `leplm ol t`nt J dguem tnec tg sdjlhtjsts, bldnusl J t`jhc t`ly mjmh‚t lxpldt ol tg uhmlrstnhm w`nt t`ly  wlrl snyjhf snyjhf nhm t`lh w`lh J mjm, mjm, t`l dgh vlrsntjgh  vlrsnt jgh mllplh mllplhlm. lm.  Zgu‚rl fgjhf tg @nrvnrm, ygu‚rl fgjhf tg Gxigrm”prjonry dghvlrsntjghs wjt` sdjlhtjsts mllpey jhigro ygur wgrc, mgh‚t t`ly7

 Zls, nhm t`lsl nrl t`l t`l plgpel plgpel w`g w`g jhvlhtlm jhvlhtlm nhm mlvlegplm DRJT[R, w`g jhvlhtlm t`l ﬎rst bjgprjhtjhf prgfrnool, w`g nrl t`l `lnm gi t`l flhltjds prgfrnool, sny, nt Gxigrm, gr t`l wgonh w`g fgt t`l Hgble prjzl, Lejznblt` Bendcburh, igr mlvlegpjhf t`l tlegolrl.

Igr `lr s`gw nt @nus mlr Lelctrghjsd`lh Cõhstl jh Bnsle (uhtje < Nufust), @lrs`onh Ellsgh prlslhts `lr ogst nobjtjgus wgrc ylt rlentjhf tg `lr jhtlrlst jh bjgtld`hgegfjls. ]`l lx`jbjtjgh, Nhtj-Bgmjls, jhdeumls t`l ljf`t-rggo jhstneentjgh ]`l Jh﬎hjty Lhfjhl (2;>=), w`jd` rlslobels n enbgrntgry. Yjlwlrs mgh n enb dgnt ―sg t`l vjsjtgr bldgols t`l enb jhvlstjfntgr ns t`ly fg t`rguf` t`lsl vnrjgus rggos‟, s`l snys, w`jd` lxpegrl lvlryt`jhf irgo bjgprjhtjhf, lt`jds nhm flhltjd ogmj﬎dntjgh tg MHN. Noghf t`l jonflry js n prgaldtlm p`gtgfrnp` w`jd` lvgcls Ojd`lenhfleg Ojd`lenhfleg‚s ‚s ]`l Drlntjgh gi Nmno (><;0->2), ghey jh t`js jonfl, t`l `nhms densp syrjhfls. Jh t`l enst rggo, w`jd` js egdclm jh rlilrlhdl tg Mud`nop‚s ﬎hne onstlrpjldl Êtnht mghhês (>:=9-99), t`l  vjsjtgr  vjsjt gr slls slls hlwe hlweyy drlntl drlntlm m MHN MHN nhm nhm nhtjbg nhtjbgmjls mjls jh ojrrgr ojrrgrlm lm bgxls. ―J sll t`nt ns t`l sjoolrjhf lsslhdl, sg jt bldgols t`l `njcu gi t`l w`gel prgdlss,‟ @lrs`onh Ellsgh snys. T`l js nesg s`gwjhf twg wgrcs ns pnrt gi t`l Nrt Bnsle ﬎eo prgfrnool nhm js pnrtjdjpntjhf jh n tnec gh Irjmny.

Lnd` ghl `ns dghtrjbutlm lhgrogusey tg t`l ﬎lem. Tg t`lrligrl, J wns vlry igrtuhntl t`nt J fgt tg tnec tg t`lo nhm rlneey blfnh tg uhmlrstnhm ogrl mllpey w`nt‚s fgjhf gh. Lejznblt` Bendcburh wns onybl t`l sldghm plrsgh J spgcl wjt` nhm t`l rlnsgh s`l wguem tnec tg ol wns bldnusl s`l snw oy ﬎eo Dghdljvjhf Nmn S>::6, jh ]`ursmny‚s ﬎eo prgfrnool_, w`jd`  wns nbgut nbgut Nmn Egvlen Egvlendl dl St`l St`l >:t`-dlht >:t`-dlhtury ury ont`lontjdjnh nhm dgoputlr nefgrjt`o pjghllr_ nhm s`l jmlhtj﬎lm wjt` t`l d`nrndtlr. Bldnusl s`l `nm wntd`lm t`l ﬎eo,  wl wlrl wlrl nbel nbel tg `nvl t`js dghvlr dghvlrsntjgh sntjgh,, nhm jt gplhlm n egt gi qulstjghs igr ol. J‚o jhtrjfulm by t`l bnenhdl  bltwllh indt nhm oltnp`gr nhm qulstjgh jh t`l wgrc. ]`l s`gw js dneelm Nhtj-Bgmjls nhm t`lrl‚s t`l drlntjgh gi nh nhtjbgmy dneelm Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh…

]`lrl‚s ghl igr Rgblrtn, tgg. DGH]JH\LM GH [NFL >0 

D`rjstgp`lr Vgge N Hlw Tduepturl ]`rguf` Nufust 2;>0 Eu`rjhf Nufustjhl Bus`wjdc, Hlw Zgrc  Zgrc 

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTLE INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

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Brjeejnht. But nesg, t`l p`rnsl ―nhtj bgmjls‟ lvgcls nh lt`jdne mjolhsjgh, jh tlros gi `gw t`l  bjgtld`hgegfjdne sdjlhdl ojf`t bl uslm.

Jh t`l blst pnrts gi jt, jt bldgols n mllpey pgltjd oltnp`gr igr w`lrl wl nrl jh gur uhjvlrsl gh t`js penhlt, gi eggcjhf tgwnrms t`l iuturl nhm eggcjhf tgwnrms survjvne nhm eggcjhf tgwnrms sustnjhnbjejty. sustnjhnbjejty. Gi dgursl, jt‚s jhigrolm by rlne jhigrontjgh, but t`lh nfnjh, ygu wguemh‚t `nvl rlne jhigrontjgh prgaldtlm nfnjhst n ojrrgr, gr ygu  wguemh‚  wgue mh‚tt `nvl `nvl t`l t`l twg twg syrjhf syrjhfls ls bljhf bljhf ejcl Ojd`lenhfleg‚s tgud`jhf S]`l Drlntjgh gi  Nmno_.  Nmn o_. ]`lr ]`lrll nrl nrl t`jhfs t`jhfs t`nt tncl n egt egt gi ejblrtjls, nhm t`nt cjhm gi oltnp`gr onybl `ns n mllplr rlsghnhdl jh flttjhf tg w`nt t`js js nee nbgut, aust jh t`l jhjtjne jonflry. Gr t`lrl‚s n rggo t`nt‚s dgopeltley wneepnplrlm  wjt` sgol gi t`l t`l hlw hlw ejil ejil igro igross t`nt t`nt `nvl `nvl mlvlegplm bldnusl gi DRJT[R, nhm jhmllm gur  w`gell penhlt  w`ge penhlt js bljhf bljhf wnee wneepnplr pnplrlm lm wjt` wjt` hlw ejvjhf systlos t`nt wl `nvl hg jmln nbgut. ]`gusnhms lvlry mny nrl bljhf drlntlm, nhm t`lh t`lsl wjee drlntl ogrl gi t`lsl hlw ejvjhf systlos.

―Jt lxtlhms t`l jmlns gi Brnqul, Mud`nop nhm lvlh Dêznhhl jhtg t`l prlslht‟

 Vl nrl jh n pgejtjdne dejontl w`lrl t`lrl js n mjstrust gi dejontl sdjlhdl nhm nesg bjgegfjdne sdjlhdl, lspldjneey  wjt`jh dghslrvntjvl pgejtjds, jh  Nolrjdn. Vguem  ygu sny t`nt ]`l Jh﬎hjty Lhfjhl js n pgejtjdne stntlolht7

 Nbsgeutley  Nbsge utley.. Nee Nee gi oy wgrc js. @nvjhf frgwh up jh Blrclely jh t`l >:9;s,  ygu flt flt vnddjhntlm vnddjhntlm wjt` wjt` ﬎hmjhf ﬎hmjhf n vgjdl nhm nhm usjhf t`nt vgjdl tg splnc nbgut lelolhts gi rlprlssjgh nhm irllmgo nhm gur iuturl nhm `gw wl dnh d`nhfl t`jhfs, sg J t`jhc jt‚s nbsgeutley pgejtjdne. Bldnusl ji wl nrl uhnwnrl gi t`l mnhflrs t`nt wl‚rl indjhf,  wl dnh hlvlr d`nhfl d`nhfl t`lo, sg ygu‚rl ygu‚rl mlnejhf wjt` mjfflduet jssuls nhm tgpjds t`nt onhy plgpel `nvl hlvlr `lnrm nbgut, nhm  ygu‚rl nbel tg tg eggc t`rguf` t`l rldgrms rldgrms gi gi n egt gi t`l suprlol dgurt dnsls nfnjhst sgol gi t`lsl fjnht dghfegolrntls w`g nrl tryjhf tg dghtrge flhl lmjtjhf nhm nddlss tg p`nrondlutjdnes, nhm t`nt `ns tg bl n pgejtjdne stntlolht.  ]`lrl js t`l Ojd`lenhfleg rlilrlhdl jh ]`l Jh﬎hjty Lhfjhl, but ygu‚vl nesg tneclm nbgut `gw ygu sll w`nt ygu mg ns n cjhm gi pgst-Dubjst wny gi t`jhcjhf nbgut t`l wgrem.

 Nbsgeutley,, jt rlneey  Nbsgeutley rlneey aust lxtlhm lxtlhmss t`l jmlns gi Brnqul nhm Dubjso nhm Mud`nop jhtg t`l prlslht, nhm lvlh Dêznhhl1 eggcjhf

Vgrcs t`nt rlilr tg bjgtld`hgegfy jhdeuml Bjg [rjhtlm Hgsl (2;><, elit), t`l mjfjtne prjht Fegwjhf Dnt (2;>=, tgp) nhm Mgubel Tyrjhfl nitlr Ojd`lenhfleg (2;>=)

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nt sgolt`jhf irgo nee sjmls, nhm prlslhtjhf mj﬋lrlht vlrsjghs gi slljhf sgolt`jhf, sgoltjols sjouetnhlgusey, sgoltjols slqulhtjneey. Jt newnys sllolm tg ol, pnrtjduenrey jh mgjhf jhtlrndtjvl wgrcs, t`nt t`l iuee rlilrlhdl fgls bndc tg t`nt grjfjh. • Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh1 Nhtj-Bgmjls, @nus mlr  Lelctrghjsd`lh Cõhstl jh Bnsle (uhtje < Nufust) • Nrtjst ]nec1 Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh, @nee >.>,  Irjmny >< Auhl, 4po-=po

Jh ]nhjn Ejbrl (2;>6), @lrs`onh Ellsgh onml n �eo nbgut t`l Dubnh nrtjst ]nhjn Brufulrn (blegw) nhm t`l nitlront` gi Brufulrn‚s ljf`t-oght` joprjsgholht jh `lr `golenhm. ―J `nm onml n �eo gh Ttlvl Curtz, w`g wns nrrlstlm igr bjg-tlrrgrjso,‟ bjg-tlrrgrjso,‟ Ellsgh rldnees. Ttrnhfl Dueturl (2;;6), ns jt wns dneelm, w`jd` @lrs`onh Ellsgh snys s`l onml ―igr tlh dlhts‟, `nm n mrnontjd l﬋ldt. ―Ttlvl nhm onhy plgpel ille t`nt t`l �eo js w`nt fgt `js d`nrfls mrgpplm,‟ s`l snys, ―nhm sg ygu sll t`l pgwlr gi usjhf nrt nhm olmjn tg jhigro plgpel, but ndtuneey tg tncl ndtjgh nhm oncl d`nhfls jh t`l rlne wgrem. Tg, w`lh J `lnrm nbgut ]nhjn‚s pejf`t, t`nt s`l wns joprjsghlm, s`l dguemh‚t flt gut, s`l mjmh‚t chgw w`lh s`l wguem flt gut, J t`guf`t t`nt onybl J dguem `lep by mgjhf sgolt`jhf.‟ T`l jhjtjneey onml dghtndt wjt` Brufulrn‚s sjstlr, but t`l nrtjst `lrslei wns rlelnslm irgo prjsgh sggh nitlr @lrs`onh Ellsgh stnrtlm `lr �eo. ―Vl olt wjt`jh tlh mnys gi `lr rlelnsl nhm s`l ilet t`nt s`l wns su﬋lrjhf irgo pgst-trnuontjd strlss. Tg wl wlht tg t`l onh w`g hnolm pgst-trnuontjd strlss1 `js hnol js Irnhc Gd`blrf nhm `l ejvls jh Ojd`jfnh, nhm wl `nm n t`rll-mny t`lrnpy slssjgh nbgut pgst-trnuontjd strlss nhm t`l l﬋ldt t`nt jt wns `nvjhf. Nhm t`nt rlentlm bgt` tg t`l inojey strudturl, t`l tjol ygu frlw up jh, ns wlee ns t`l dueturne dghmjtjghs igr ]nhjn Brufulrn rlprlssjgh. Bnsjdneey t`nt bldnol t`l �eo1 t`l w`gel t`jhf wns rlneey nbgut `gw ghl lsdnpls, jh `lr dnsl t`rguf` `lr nrt, gr t`l olnhs tg survjvl t`js cjhm gi sjelhdjhf.‟B.E.

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Euxlobgurf, Hlw Zgrc Anols Dg`nh Hlw Zgrc Dgrbltt vs. Mlopsly D`jdnfg Ttlp`lh Mnjtlr Fneelry D`jdnfg MD Oggrl Fneelry Hlw Zgrc Ml Budc Fneelry Hlw Zgrc Fnelrjl Mjvjsjgh Oghtrêne, ]grghtg Dnt`lrjhl Lmleonh Fneelry D`jdnfg Lrjd Ijrlstghl Fneelry Lnst @noptgh, Hlw Zgrc Iegwlrs Fneelry Eghmgh, Hlw Zgrc ]gry Igeejnrm Fneelry Ojewnucll Igrt Fnhslvggrt Hlw Zgrc Igruo Fneelry Hlw Zgrc Mnvjm Fjee Fneelry Eghmgh Ojd`nle Fglm`ujs Eghmgh, Hlw Zgrc, Bljajhf Rjd`nrm Frny Fneelry D`jdnfg, Hlw Zgrc Fnrt` Frllhnh Fneelry Hlw Zgrc FRJOO Nostlrmno, Hlw Zgrc Cnvj Fuptn D`jdnfg @ndcltt Ojee Tnh Irnhdjsdg @MO Fneelry Bljajhf, Eghmgh Rjd`nrm @leelr Fneelry Egs Nhflels Hnhdy @g﬋onh Fneelry Hlw Zgrc R`ghn @g﬋onh Fneelry D`jdnfg ]`l @gel Hlw Zgrc Lmwyhh @guc Fneelry Hlw Zgrc, Qõrjd` FNEELRZ @Z\HMNJ  Tlgue D`nrejl Anols Fneelry Egs Nhflel Alhcjhs Ag`hsgh Fneelry  Tnh Irnhdjsdg,

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Eghf-T`nrp Fneelry Jhmjnhnpgejs, Hlw Zgrc Fnelrjn Anvjlr Egplz & Ilr Irnhdls Onmrjm Eu`rjhf Nufustjhl Hlw Zgrc, Brggceyh Ontt`lw Onrcs Fneelry Hlw Zgrc,

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Hlw Zgrc

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]gcyg, Tlgue, T`nhf`nj [CO Fneelry Tlgue [.[.G.V Hlw Zgrc [rnz-Mlenvneenml  [nrjs, Egs Nhflels R & Dgopnhy Hlw Zgrc Rgblrts [rgaldts Egs Nhflels Rghd`jhj Fneelry Eghmgh rgslhilem pgrdjhj Eghmgh Rgynel [rgaldts Egs Nhflels Fnelrjl RP [nrjs Tnegh := Hlw Zgrc Flgrfjn Td`lronh [rgaldts  ]grghtg Yjtg Td`hnble Fneelry Lhfnmjhl Yneely Lmunrmg Tlddj Dghtlopgrnry Iegrlhdl Dnrrjl Tldrjst Fneelry D`jdnfg Ttunrt T`nvl / Ogmlrh Nrt Eghmgh Vjeejno T`lnrburh Fneelry Tt. Egujs Alssjdn Tjevlronh Fneelry Tnh Irnhdjsdg Tjoglhs Fneelry Chgccl Tjos Rllm Fneelry Eghmgh Tojt`Mnvjmsgh Fneelry Nostlrmno, Ojnoj Irlmrjd Thjtzlr Fneelry Ojnoj Tgus Els Ltgjels Fneelry Hlw Zgrc Ttlhl [rgaldts Fneelry Ttgdc`geo ONRD T]RN\T Hlw Zgrc @geejs ]nffnrt Fneelrjls Hlw Zgrc Tuhmnrno ]nfgrl Fneelry Hlw Zgrc,

Tjhfnpgrl, @ghf Cghf ]nhmlo [rlss Onmjsgh ]LO[EGH [nrjs, Brussles Yneenrjhg Ijhl Nrt Hlw Zgrc

4>4 Nrt [rgaldt Tlgue Nonr Fneelry Eghmgh [jlrg Ntd`ufnrry Fnrzôh, Ojnoj BLLRT Eghmgh Eghmgh Deub [rg Egs Nhflels Egs Nhflels Eujs Ml Alsus Egs Nhflels  Egs Nhflels Mjg @grjn Nt`lhs, Oycghgs Nhnt Lbfj Egs Nhflels Lmle Nssnhtj Eghmgh Mnhjle Inrjn Fneelry ]grghtg IGEM Eghmgh Irjmonh Fneelry Hlw Zgrc Flnry Hlw Zgrc Nsyn Fljsblrf Fneelry Hlw Zgrc Frjdl Blhd` Egs Nhflels ONRJNHL JBRN@JO Tlnttel Jhstjtutg Ml Yjsjôh Bgfgtî CNH] Dgplh`nflh Cegwmlh Onhh Duevlr Djty ENQZ Ojcl Egs Nhflels, Ogsdgw @nrenh Elvly [rgaldts Brussles HJHG OJLR FNEELRZ Egs Nhflels,

Dgegfhl Ogscgwjtz Bnysl Egs Nhflels T`uenojt Hnznrjnh Egs Nhflels Hjf`t Fneelry Egs Nhflels HGOL Blrejh Gffldjhl mlee‚eoonfjhl Ojenh RGDCLEONHH& Blrejh Rgolr Zguhf Fneelry Tnh Irnhdjsdg Tnpnr Dghtlopgrnry Hlw Zgrc TJO Fnelrjn Durjtjbn, Täg [nueg Dntjhdn ]nbndnru Hlw Zgrc, @nrnrl Qneudcy Dghtlopgrnry ]grghtg

Dnrbgh>2 Mubnj Lmwnrm Dleen Nrt & Nrd`jtldturl

Egs Nhflels D`noblrs Ijhl Nrt Hlw Zgrc, Bljajhf Mlrlc Leelr Fneelry  Hlw Zgrc Cenus vgh Hjd`tssnflhm Fneelry

Hlw Zgrc Fneelry Eujsgttj Egs Nhflels Onrtgs Fneelry Hlw Zgrc ONR\NHJ OLRDJLR Brussles,

Chgccl, [nrjs Fnelrjl Bnrbnrn ]`uoo Blrejh

LMJ]JGHT + BGGCT

Nrt+Dueturl [rgaldts Hlw Zgrc Bgrlns Ijhl Nrt D`jdnfg Dnhmgr Nrts D`jdnfg Mgwhtgwh igr Mlogdrndy \.T.N. Jhmlplhmlht Durntgrs Jhtlrhntjghne (JDJ) Hlw Zgrc Jhmlx Nrt Bggc Injr Olxjdg Djty ENHM (Egs Nhflels Hgonmjd Mjvjsjgh)

Egs Nhflels HI[ Lmjtjghs | Ijlem Lmjtjghs, ]ntl Lmjtjghs, Rgyne Ndnmloy gi Nrts Ghl, Nee, Lvlry. Rlhê Td`ojtt Blrejh, VGE Tpumhjc [rlss Dggplrntjvl D`jdnfg ]NTD@LH Egs Nhflels, Hlw Zgrc,

Ojnoj, Eghmgh, [nrjs, Blrejh, Nostlrmno, Ojenh

T[LDJNE LP@JBJ]JGHT 9;>0Hgrt`/ 4Nrts D`jdnfg Nplrturl Iguhmntjgh Hlw Zgrc Nrtnmjn Hlw Zgrc Lej nhm Lmyt`l Brgnm Nrt Ousluo

Lnst Enhsjhf D`jdnfg Nrtjsts Dgnejtjgh D`jdnfg ]`l Dghslrvntjgh Dlhtlr D`jdnfg Ml[nue Nrt Ousluo D`jdnfg @uonh Rjf`ts Vntd` @yml [nrc Nrt Dlhtlr D`jdnfg ]`l Agydl Iguhmntjgh OGT]ZH Eenhmumhg Hntjghne ZguhfNrts Iguhmntjgh Ojnoj Hnturne Rlsgurdls Mlilhsl Dguhdje (HRMD) D`jdnfg [rgaldtNrt D`jdnfg, Hlw Zgrc,

Egs Nhflels, Mltrgjt, Ojnoj, [jttsburf` ]`l Td`gge gi t`l Nrt Jhstjtutl gi D`jdnfg D`jdnfg ]`rllwnees D`jdnfg \hjvlrsjty gi D`jdnfg Mlpnrtolht gi Yjsune Nrts D`jdnfg

Nejfhlm wjt`

lxpgd`jdnfg.dgo [rlslhtjhf Tpghsgr

 b  E   y  n c  E   l j   h  d  T   g  l r  e   j   h  l  T   s   d  (   `  E   n  n c   t   z   l O j    d `  j    f  n h  )  

    J     C     T     /     6    V     4    G     :    M     >    H  ,     N      Ê    V     R    L     M    E     H      Ê     N     Y     T    R     L    L     \    @     ^     D    ©     N    L     A     ]   —    T     G      Ê    D     Y    N     \    E     G     R    T     [    L     \     H    ^     N    D     L    N     A    A     /    L     L    J     E    R     B    L     N    E     ]    N     F

    V     G    I     E    G     L    Z     R    T     N    L     R    ]

    R

    N    \     G     D

24

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTL E INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

DNELHMNR   Nrt Bnsle  Ejstjhfs nrl nrrnhflm nep`nbltjdneey by nrln. Dgoolrdjne fneelrjls nrl onrclm 

� Bnsle Hgh-dgoolrdjne  Nrtstõbej  Ttljhlhtgrblrf  Ttljhlhtgrbl rf 20 • Lmmjl @nrn1 ]`js Js Hgt Ttrllt Nrt \H]JE 4; A\HL

Nusstleeuhfsrnuo Cejhflhtne Cnslrhlhstrnssl 24 • Rlqujlo1 Nrtjsts irgo Ntlejlr`nus Cejhflhtne \H]JE >6 A\HL

Ighmntjgh Blylelr Brudl Hnuonh‚s Ghl @uhmrlm Ejvl nhm Mjl (>:0=), dghsjmlrlm by onhy tg bl `js onstlrpjldl

Hnuonh rltnjhs `js lmfl, <; ylnrs gh Rltrgspldtjvl gi \T nrtjst Brudl Hnuonh spnhs `js lhtjrl dnrllr”nhm n pelt`grn gi olmjn Brudl Hnuonh1 Mjsnpplnrjhf Ndts  Td`nuenflr, Oõhd`lhstljh/Bnsle \H]JE 29 N\F\T]      0      >      ;      2  ,      H      N      O      \      N

     H      L      D      \      R      B      ©    3      C      R      G      Z      V      L      H  ,      R      L      ]      N      V      ]      T      L      V      L      H      G      R      L      [      T      M      H      N      ]      T      J      ]      R      N      L      @      ]      I      G      Z      T      L      ]      R      \      G      D    3      H      N      O      M      J      L      Q      Z      @      ]      G      R      G      M    1      H      N      O      \      N      H

 V`lh Brudl Hnuon Hnuonh h lhtlrlm lhtlrlm t`l frnmuntl nrt prgfrnool nt t`l \hjvlrsjty gi Dnejigrhjn, Mnvjs, jh >:9=, t`l uhjvlrsjty wns stjee blst chgwh igr jts nfrjdueturl dgursl.  Nrtjstss w`g tnuf`  Nrtjst tnuf`tt t`lrl, t`lrl, jhdeumj jhdeumjhf hf Rgblrt Nrhlsgh, Onhule Hlrj, Vjeejno ]. Vjely nhm Vnyhl ]`jlbnum, wguem elnm t`l Hgrt`lrh Dnejigrhjn nrt mlvlegpolhts chgwh ns Bny Nrln Ijfurntjgh nhm Iuhc. Onhy gi t`l induety snw jh Hnuonh n rnrl jhtleejflhdl nhm jhmlplhmlhdl”`l `nm nerlnmy mlevlm jhtg ousjd, p`jegsgp`y nhm p`ysjds ns nh uhmlrfrnmuntl nt t`l \hjvlrsjty gi Vjsdghsjh”but hg ghl t`lh lhvjsnflm t`l stleenr pgsjtjgh `l wguem nttnjh jh t`l turh-gi-t`l-dlhtury nrt ﬎ronolht. Neogst hg ghl.

 Anhl Ejvjhf Ejvjhfstgh stgh nhm Onrdjn Onrdjn ]ud ]udclr, clr, t`lh durntgrs nt t`l Egs Nhflels Dguhty Ousluo gi Nrt (Endon) nhm Hlw Zgrc‚s V`jthly Ousluo gi  Nolrjdnh  Nolrj dnh Nrt Nrt rlspldtjv rlspldtjvley, ley, djrdue djrduentlm ntlm Hnuonh‚s ﬎rst jhtlrhntjghne tgurjhf rltrgspldtjvl jh >:62 nhm >:64. Hgw t`l Td`nuenflr jh Bnsle js `gstjhf Brudl Hnuonh1 Mjsnpplnrjhf  Ndts, n ﬎vl-mldnml mldnml survly survly t`nt t`nt npprnjsls t`l onfhjtuml gi `js joprgbnbel but lxtrngrmjhnry nddgopejs`olht nhm jhflulhdl. ]`l lx`jbjtjgh, w`jd` `ns bllh dg-grfnhjslm wjt` Hlw Zgrc‚s Ousluo gi Ogmlrh Nrt (t`l s`gw js mul tg trnvle tg OgON nhm OgON [T> jh Gdtgblr), jhdeumls pjldls jh onhy olmjn, irgo mrnwjhfs, sduepturl nhm `gegfrnos tg sguhm nhm vjmlg jhstneentjghs. ]`l prgilssjghne `jhfl gi t`js bjdghtjhlhtne uhmlrtncjhf js Cnt`y @nebrljd`, t`l Enurlhz Iguhmntjgh

durntgr nhm nmvjslr tg t`l mjrldtgr nt ]`l Ousluo gi Ogmlrh Nrt. ―Brudl rlonjhs ns trlhd`nht nhm urflht tgmny ns `l wns 2< ylnrs nfg,  w`lh t`l rltrgspl rltrgspldtjvl dtjvl t`nt Hlne SBlhlzrn, hgw t`l mjrldtgr gi t`l Tnh Irnhdjsdg Ousluo gi Ogmlrh Nrt_ nhm J grfnhjslm trnvleelm wjmley jh Lurgpl nhm t`l \T,‟ @nebrljd` snys. ―@l js ghl gi t`l vlry ilw nrtjsts J chgw”elt‚s sny [jdnssg js nhgt`lr”  w`g `ns `ns rltnjhl rltnjhlm m `js lmfl, rjsc-t rjsc-tncjhf ncjhf spjrjt nhm ontlrjne lxplrjolhtntjgh irgo `js frnm-sd`gge mnys tg t`l prlslht,‟ s`l snys. ―@l js newnys prlslht tlhsl. V`nt dguem bl ogrl tjoley t`nh t`l dgoonhm1 ‐[ny  Nttlhtjgh  Ntt lhtjgh Ogt`lr Ogt`lriudclr iudclr‚7,‟ ‚7,‟ s`l nscs, nscs, qugtjhf t`l frnp`jd dghtlht gi n >:6< ejt`gfrnp` nhm slvlrne rlentlm wgrcs. ]`l rltrgspldtjvl js t`l ﬎rst gppgrtuhjty igr yguhflr flhlrntjghs tg sll t`l ―iuee brlnmt` gi Hnuonh‚s  wgrc‟,, @nebrljd`  wgrc‟ @nebrljd` snys, snys, ―nhm ―nhm igr t`gsl  w`g `nvl `nvl igeegwlm igeegwlm `js dnrllr irgo t`l stnrt tg sll `gw t`l tghl gi t`l  wgrc `ns `ns d`nhflm d`nhflm jh rldlht ylnrs, bldgojhf olenhd`gey, olmjtntjvl nhm irltiue, rnt`lr t`nh nhfry‟. ]`l

subtjtel Mjsnpplnrjhf Ndts `jhts nt nh logtjghne nrd irgo t`l lnrey wgrcs‚ tlhgr gi blouslm mjsn﬋ldtjgh, lhhuj nhm pnrnhgjn tg t`l `nuhtlm nhm `nuhtjhf njr gi Hnuonh‚s 2>st-dlhtury nrt.  Net`guf`  Net` guf` lnrey wgrc prlmgo prlmgoj-jhntls noghf t`l >6; jtlos prlslhtlm, @nebrljd` snys, ogrl rldlht ―rggosjzlm nhm lvlh ouetj-rggo pjldls ilnturl prgojhlhtey jh t`l lx`jbjtjgh‟. ]`lsl jhdeuml Onppjhf t`l Ttumjg JJ (2;;>), Dghtrnppgstg Ttumjls j t`rguf` vjj (2;><->9) nhm Dghtrnppgstg Tpejt (2;>6), n 4M-vjmlg jhstneentjgh t`nt rldljvlm jts prlojlrl jh Bnsle. ]`l frlnt surprjsl gi t`l ojm->::;s rltrgspldtjvl wns t`l jhtlhsl pgpuenr lht`usjnso jt prgvgclm. Dguhtelss  vjsjtgrss wjt` hg prlvjgus  vjsjtgr prlvjgus nwnrl nwnrlhlss hlss gi Hnuonh‚s nrt, lspldjneey jh Hlw Zgrc, sllolm insdjhntlm by jt, lvlh nt jts ogst nbrnsjvl. @js hnol ony bl oud` ogrl wjmley chgwh hgw, but dlelbrjty nsjml, `js nrt‚s rldlptjgh nfnjhst tgmny‚s bndcfrguhm ony bl ns `nrm tg prlmjdt ns `js ygut`iue prgspldts ghdl sllolm tg bl.

Bnslestrnssl >;> • Blylelr Dgeeldtjgh1 Hnturl & Nbstrndtjgh \H]JE >2 N\F\T] • Bndgh-Fjndgolttj \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR

@lC. @nus mlr Lelctrghjsd`l Cõhstl Bnsle (@gusl gi Leldtrghjd Nrts) Irljenflr-[entz : Bnsle/Oõhd`lhstljh • Rninle Egznhg-@loolr1 Ygjdl ]`lntrl \H]JE > A\EZ • Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh1 Nhtj-Bgmjls \H]JE < N\F\T]

@jstgrjsd`ls Ousluo Bnsle/ Ousluo iõr Flsd`jd`tl Bnriõsslrpentz 6  • Olmjlvne Vgrems gi Injt` \H]JE >6 HGYLOBLR 2;>:

Cuhst`neel Bnsle  Ttljhlhblrf6   Ttljhlhblrf • Rnp`nlen Ygfle1 \etrnhndct \H]JE >2 N\F\T] • Eucl Vjeejs ]`gopsgh1 @uonh \H]JE >: N\F\T]

Cuhst`nus Bnsleenhm  Tt Ancgb-T Ancgb-Ttrnss trnssll >6; • Rgssleen Bjsdgttj • Rgd`leel Iljhstljh • Hnnon ]snbnr \H]JE >9 A\EZ • Yjttgrjg Brgmonhh \H]JE 4> MLDLOBLR

Clhhlt` Bnclr 

Dghtjhulm gh p2=

]LND@JHF ]@L NR] N R] GI DGEELD]JHF TJHDL >:9:

Igr Dghhgjsslurs, Dgeeldtgrs nhm Nrt Vgrem Djtjzlhs Irgo s`grt dgursls tg iuee-tjol Onstlr‚s stumy, Tgt`lby‚s Jhstjtutl g﬋lrs n rnhfl gi lmudntjghne gppgrtuhjtjls igr t`gsl sllcjhf nh jh-mlpt` uhmlrstnhmjhf gi nrt `jstgry nhm t`l jhtlrhntjghne nrt onrclt.

TG]@LBZTJHT]J]\]L.DGO TG]@LBZ‚T JHT]J]\]L GI NR] JT N MJYJTJGH GI DNOBRJMFL JHIGRON]JGH FRG\[

      ◃

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTLE INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

2=

DNELHMNR   Nrt Bnsle        ◃

Dghtjhulm irgo p24

Cuhstousluo Bnsle Flflhwnrt  Tt Nebnh, Nebnh, R`ljhwlf hwlf 9; 9; • ]`lnstlr Fntls1 Bendc Onmghhn \H]JE 2> GD]GBLR

Td`wljzlrjsd`ls Nrd`jtlcturousluo  Ttljhlhblrf6   Ttljhlhblrf • Blhfne Ttrlno1 t`l Yjbrnht Nrd`jtldturl Nrd`jtldtur lTdlhl giBnhfenmls` \H]JE 2= A\HL

Cuhstousluo Bnsle @nuptbnu  Tt Nebnh-Frn Nebnh-Frnblh blh >9 • Oltrgpgel jh Td`wnrz-Vljss1 [nrjs JoTpjlflemlr Lmjtjghs[nue-Onrtjne \H]JE 2= A\HL • Nrt, Oghly, Ousluo1 t`l [jdnssg Ttgry, <; Zlnrs Entlr \H]JE >2 N\F\T] • Ogmlrh Mnhdl gi t`l Mlnm \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR • Nmgei VŞe�j1 Igdus [nplr \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR • Onrt`n Rgselr, @jtg Ttlylre1 Vnr Fnols \H]JE 2 MLDLOBLR • Oy Mlnr @gemlr! Mgduolhts irgo t`l Nrd`jvl gi Dnre Neblrt Eggsej \H]JE >= GD]GBLR

Cuhstousluo Bnsle Hlubnu  Tt Nebnh-Frn Nebnh-Frnblh blh 2; • Brudl Hnuonh1 Mjsnpplnrjhf Ndts \H]JE 29 N\F\T] •Onrjn Ensshjf1Mjnegfuls \H]JE 29 N\F\T] • Tno Fjeejno1 t`l Ousjd gi Dgegur \H]JE 4; TL[]LOBLR

Oõhstlrpentz 2; • Tldrldy1 V`g‚s Neegwlm tg Chgw V`nt \H]JE 2> N[RJE 2;>:

Ousluo ]jhfuley [nue Tnd`lr-Nhenfl > • Flrmn Ttljhlr nhm AŞrf Elhzejhflr1 ]gg Lnrey tg [nhjd \H]JE 24 TL[]LOBLR • Fnurj Fjee1 ]rndls >4 A\HL�> HGYLOBLR

Tnets @nuptstrnssl >2, Bjrsilemlh •Rgmrjfg @lrhnhmlz1 t`l Fgurm nhm t`l Ijs` • Auonhn Onhhn • B`nhu Cnpje >= A\HL�2< N\F\T]

 Ag`h Td`ojm Fnelrjl

 Tt Nebnh Nebnh Nhenfl Nhenfl 96  • Geni @geznpile \H]JE = HGYLOBLR  Enel` Auhl Fnelrjl

 Nhhl Ogsslrj-Onrejg Fnelrjl

Onezfnssl 2; • Cjojyg Ojs`jon \H]JE >4 A\EZ

[jdnssgpentz = • ]lh Zlnrs \H]JE 20 A\EZ  Hjdgens Crupp

 Ntlejlr-Lmjtjghs Inhne

Dghtlopgrnry Nrt

 Tt NebnhNebnh-]ne ]ne4: • Cnrjh Cnpplej-vgh Bõegw, Inbjlhhl Tyevlstrl \H]JE >2 A\EZ

Rgslhtnestrnssl 20 • Rnjolr Agd`jos \H]JE > TL[]LOBLR

 Bnezlr [rgaldts

 Tpnelhblrf 2  Tpnelhblrf • Yjvjnh Tutlr1 Vgrcs, >:00�2;>0 • Flhlrne Jmln1 Vgrcs, >:0>�:2 \H]JE > TL[]LOBLR

 Ttnopn

Vneestrnssl >; • ]`l Lhm Js V`lrl Vl Ttnrt Irgo1 gh ]suhnojs, Hudelnr Lxpegsjghs nhm Gt`lr Injry ]nels \H]JE 2> A\EZ  Bõrg

 Tt. Ag`nhhsAg`nhhs-Ygrs Ygrstnmt tnmt=9 • Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh \H]JE >6 A\HL

 ]ghy Vult`rjd` Fnelrjl

Ygflslhstrnssl 2: • Blttjhn Td`gez1 [nrneele Rlnejtjls \H]JE 4; A\HL  Yjtrjhl Bnsle

Flosblrf 0 + >; • Egrlhz Tprjhf1 Vgrcs irgo [rjvntl Dgeeldtjghs \H]JE >9 A\HL

Ygflslhpentz  • @nhnl Vjecl1 Degsl ^unrtlrs \H]JE 2= A\HL • Anojl Ijtzpntrjdc, Ejhmsly Olhmjdc1Tout >4 A\HL�2 TL[]LOBLR

 Fnelrjl Chglee

 Ygh Bnrt`n

Euitfnsseljh = • Cghstructjv1 Ynhtghflregg, Neblrs, Bjee, Eglwlhsblrf \H]JE >= A\EZ

Cnhhlhilempentz 9 • Enhmgh Oltz1 Illes Tg Rjf`t Hgw \H]JE 2> A\EZ

Blylelr uhjtls twg tjtnhs gi Ogmlrh nrt  Bndgh nhm Fjndgolttj Ighmntjgh Blylelr  \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR

 N sgeg s`gw gi gi wgrcs by Irnhdjs Irnhdjs Bndgh Bndgh gr Nebl Neblrtg rtg Fjndgolttj Fjndgolttj neghl wguem wguem bl bl lhguf` lhguf` tg mrnw bjf drgwms, but t`l Ighmntjgh Blylelr `ns upplm t`l nhtl by stnfjhf n mgubel  w`nooyy gi t`lsl  w`noo t`lsl twg twg Ogmlrh Ogmlrh onstlrs. onstlrs. ]`ly ]`ly ﬎rst ﬎rst olt jh t`l lnrey >:9;s, nhm nhm wlrl wlrl prgbnbey prgbnbey jhtrgmudlm by t`l Brjtjs` pnjhtlr Jsnble Rnwst`grhl, w`g wns Fjndgolttj‚s egvlr nhm n ogmle igr bgt` nrtjsts murjhf mj﬋lrlht plrjgms. Lnd` strjvlm tg dnpturl Rnwst`grhl‚s neeurjhf d`nrndtlr” Bndgh jh pnjht nhm Fjndgolttj jh sduepturl. Nrrnhflm t`lontjdneey, t`l lx`jbjtjgh `jf`ejf`ts sjojenrjtjls bltwllh t`l nrtjsts, jhdeumjhf bljhf gbslsslm wjt` mlpjdtjhf t`l `uonh `lnm, ns wlee ns mj﬋lrlhdls sud` ns Fjndgolttj‚s usl gi frly, w`jd` js jh stnrc dghtrnst tg Bndgh‚s envjs` usl gi dgegur. ]`l ﬎hne rggo gi t`l lx`jbjtjgh dghtnjhs twg iuee-sdnel vjmlg prgaldtjghs gi t`l nrtjsts‚ stumjgs. Dgvlrjhf t`l wnees nhm flggr, t`l stumjgs nrl rldrlntlm usjhf nrd`jvne p`gtgfrnp`s gvlrenjm wjt` sguhm rldgrmjhfs gi t`l nrtjsts.  N.M.

Ttnmtousluo Nnrnu

Cuhst Rnuo Rjl`lh  Frni & Td`lebel Fnelrjl

 Tpnelhvgrstnmtt >=  Tpnelhvgrstnm • Tleldtlm Vgrcs by Fneelry Nrtjsts \H]JE 2; A\HL

Blrgwlrfut Bnslestrnssl 6>, Rjl`lh • Egujsn Delolht1 Enhfunfl gi Rlnejtjls • ]jo Blrrls`ljo1 Tons`jh‚ ]jol JJ \H]JE >2 N\F\T]

Fneelry igr \rbnh Nrt Oõee`ljolrstrnssl >== • Tlrfla Yutud • ]nmla Ynuconh \H]JE >= A\EZ

� Blyghm Bnsle

Irnhdl

 @lble >2>

@lblestrnssl >2> • Cntl T`lp`lrm/Mnhjle Fgttjh1

� TN TN]LEEJ]L ]LEEJ]L INJRT

 Td`egsspentz 24  Td`egsspentz 24 • [ltlr Cgl`e1 Dnrtl Benhd`l \H]JE >= A\HL • Hltwgrc Twjss [rlss \H]JE 0 A\EZ • Ouetjdgegurlm Js Ejil \H]JE 29 N\F\T]

BLRH Cgrh`nusigruo Cgrh`nuspentz >0, [gstind` •VnetlrTtumlr1 [`gtgfrnp`s [`gtgfrnp`s,,>:>0�09 \H]JE < N\F\T]

 Fujeenuol Mnlpplh

Td`nuenflr Rud`ilemstrnssl >: • Brudl Hnuonh1 Mjsnpplnrjhf Ndts \H]JE 29 N\F\T]

n Dgeenbgrntjvl Jhstneentjgh \H]JE = N\F\T]

Dgoolrdjne 

 Fnelrjl Dnrznhjfn

Ousluo mlr Cueturlh Bnsle

Turprjsjhfsjojenrjtj sjojenrjtjls1 ls1 Neblrtg Fjndgolttj nhm Irnhdjs Bndgh, pjdturlm jh >:9<

NE]CJRD@ Drnd Nesndl >0, rul mu D`ntlnu • Gh Vgrcjhf nhm t`lh Hgt Vgrcjhf >= A\HL�>9 TL[]LOBLR

O\E@G\TL En Ijenturl  2; Enhl Enhl Hnt`nh Hnt`nh Cntz Cntz • D`rjstjnh Ojegvnhg﬋  \H]JE > TL[]LOBLR

Flronhy

@levltjnpentz > • @nrnem Tzllonhh1 Frnhmint`lr, n [jghllr Ejcl \s \H]JE 2 N\F\T] • @nrnem Tzllonhh1 Ousluo giGbslssjghs \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR

Cuhstousluo Blrh @gmelrstrnssl >2 • Furejtt1 Ttntus Rlpgrt, Hnzj Nrt ]`lit nhm jts Dghslqulhdls \H]JE >< A\EZ • Onrt`n Ttlttelr1 nh Joprlssjghjs Joprlssjghjstt Bltwllh Blrh nhm [nrjs \H]JE 2: A\EZ

\htlrls Td`egss > • Rloloblrjhf Enhmsdnpl \H]JE 4; TL[]LOBLR

Oghuolht jo Irud`tenhm 4 • Ltle Nmhnh >< A\HL�6 GD]GBLR • Dgsogs Cell \H]JE 20 GD]GBLR

VLJE NO R@LJH

EJLT]NE

Yjtrn Mlsjfh Ousluo

Cuhst`neel [nenzzg

D`nrels-Lnols-Ttrnssl > • Bns [rjhdlh1 Jonfl nhm Nrd`jtldturl \H]JE < N\F\T] • Hjf`t Ilvlr1 Mlsjfhjhf Deub Dueturl, >:9;�]gmny \H]JE : TL[]LOBLR

[gststrnssl 2 • Tpjrjt gi Flhlvn1 Hnrrntjvl [njhtjhf irgo t`l Flhlvn Nrln \H]JE 2= A\HL

Ousluo iõr Flflhwnrtscuhst

]B] (2;>0, mltnje) by MJT, wjt` [rgaldt Hntjvl Jhigronht nt Ejstl

Mlsjfh Ojnoj/Bnsle

[nplr [gsjtjghs

@nee > Tõm, Olssl Bnsle 

 Ndclronhhs`gi,  Tt Ag`nhhs-Ygrstnmt Ag`nhhs-Ygrstnmt >:�>2 >:�>2

>2�>6 A\HL

Irnol

>2�>6 A\HL

Bnsle Nrt Dlhtlr, Rjl`lhtgrstrnssl 4>

[`gtg Bnsle

\H]JE >6 A\HL

>2�>6 A\HL

Ygecs`nus Bnsle, Rlbfnssl >2�>=

Twjtzlrenhm

FQ�Bnzle

R`y Nrt Injr

 Nh mlr Olssl, Olssl, Td`ùhnust Td`ùhnustrnssl rnssl >;

R`ypnrc, Oõe`nuslrstrnssl >6 

Nnrfnulr Cuhst`nus

>=�>6 A\HL

>=�>6 A\HL

J Hlvlr Rlnm, Nrt Bggc Injr

Tdgpl Bnsle

Cnslrhl Bnsle, Ceybldcstrnssl >b

 Tdgpl @nus, Vlblrfnssl Vlblrfnssl 4=

>4�>9 A\HL

>2�>6 A\HL

Ejstl

Ygetn >=

Burfwlf ><

Lesísslrstrnssl 2><

\H]JE >6 A\HL

\H]JE >9 A\HL

 Nnrfnulrpentz   Nnrfnulrpent z  • Tu-Olj ]sl1 Hlstlm \H]JE >2 N\F\T] • Gh t`l Rgnm1 ]lh Zlnrs gi Dnrnvnh \H]JE 24 TL[]LOBLR • [jdturls igr Lvlryghl1 [rjhts nhm Ouetjpels by ]`gons @ublr, >:0;�2;>0 \H]JE >> HGYLOBLR

NNRN\

Cuhstousluo Vjhtlrt`ur Ousluostrnssl <2 • ]`l Ilonel ]gud`1 Ojhjnturl [grtrnjts • Rlobrnhmt Gplrntls \H]JE >6 A\HL • Gddupyjhf Tpndls1 Vgrcs by Ilonel Tdueptgrs \H]JE >2 N\F\T] • Ilrmjhnhm @gmelr/Neblrtg Fjndgolttj1 n Dghirghtntjgh \H]JE >: N\F\T]

Cuhst`neel Blrh

Qlhtruo [nue Cell

TJLFLH

Fruzlhstrnssl == nhm =< • Aulrflh ]leelr1 Lhagy Zgur Ejil! \H]JE 6 GD]GBLR

Cuhst`neel Vjhtlrt`ur Onrclt Fnssl 2< • \hn Tzllonhh \H]JE 22 A\EZ

Q\RJD@ @nus Cghstructjv  Tlehnustrnssll 2<  Tlehnustrnss • Joj Chglble • ]jee Yletlh \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR

Cuhst`nus Qõrjd` @ljopentz > • Onfrjttl, Mjltrjd`, Rgusslnu1 Yjsjghnry Gbaldtjvjty \H]JE 0 A\EZ • Ins`jgh Mrjvl1 Lxtrlol Degt`jhf jh t`l Yjsune Nrts \H]JE >< A\EZ

Euon Vlstbnu Egwlhbrnucuhst Ejoontstrnssl 26; • Tlr Tlrpns1 Zgu Vlrl Drlntlm tg Bl Tg Zguhf • Elhn ]uhtuhajnh1 @nvl ygu Dghsjmlrlm Mleltjgh7 • Vgolh‚s @jstgry Ousluo1 @lr Blm Turrguhmlm by Ond`jhls \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR

E\DLRHL

Td`wljzlrjsd`ls Enhmlsousluo Ousluostrnssl 2 • Twjss [rlss [`gtg >0 \H]JE > A\EZ • Vgrem [rlss [`gtg \H]JE 0 A\EZ • Jh Tlnrd` gi Ttyel >0<;�>:;; \H]JE >< A\EZ • V`nt Mgls Twjtzlrenhm Lnt7 \H]JE 24 TL[]LOBLR • Agfflej, [jtsd`j, Fegbj1 [gpuenr Twjss [jdturl Bggcs >< A\HL�>= GD]GBLR

T`lm`neel Rgtl Inbrjc, Tllstrnssl 4:< • Ttumjg N Inhtnsy \H]JE 2: A\EZ  Fnelrjl Lvn [rlslh`ublr

Onnf Nrlne, Qn`hrnmstrnssl 2> • Mguf Njtclh \H]JE 26 A\EZ  Fnelrjl

Fourzyhscn,

]nestrnssl ]nestrnssl 46  • D`rjstg \H]JE 4; A\HL • Vjirlmg Eno1 Hguvlnu Hguvlnu Oghml \H]JE 4; TL[]LOBLR  Fnelrjl

Fourzyhscn, [nrnmlpentz ]nestrnssl 46 nhm [nrnmlpentz 2 • D`rjstg \H]JE 4; A\HL  Fnelrjl Onrc Oõeelr

@nihlrstrnssl == • D`rjstjhl Ttrluej1 Togclsdrllh \H]JE 2> A\EZ  Fnelrjl Hjdgen vgh Tlhflr

Ejoontstrnssl 26< • Mnhjlel Bulttj \H]JE >= A\EZ

Cuhstousluo Euzlrh

Ousluo iõr Flstnetuhf

Lurgpnpentz > • Dnrhjvne gi Nhjones1 Vgrcs irgo t`l Dgeeldtjgh \H]JE 9 ANH\NRZ 2;>:

 Nusstleeuhfsstrnssl  Nusstleeuhfss trnssl9; • [rgtlst! Rlsjstnhdl jh [gstlrs \H]JE 2 TL[]LOBLR • Gjp`grjl1 Ntlejlr Gj \H]JE 4; TL[]LOBLR

 Qn`hrnmstrnssl  Qn`hrnmstrn ssl 2> • Egs Dnrpjhtlrgs1 Tusurrg Mle [neonr \H]JE 26 A\EZ

Ousluo Rjltblrf

 @nuslr & Vjrt`

Fnbelrstrnssl >< • Oghstlrs, Mlvjes nhm Mloghs \H]JE >9 TL[]LOBLR • Blnm Nrt irgo Nirjdn \H]JE 2> GD]GBLR

Ejoontstrnssl 26; • Alnh Mubu﬋lt nhm t`l Djty • Rghj @grh Vjts‚ Lhm Tnopel1 Rldlht Mrnwjhfs \H]JE > TL[]LOBLR

 Fnelrjl [ltlr Cjed`onhh

 Fnelrjl \rs Oljel,

Rgslhblrf`g`l = • Olhf @unhf1 Bg (Vnvls) \H]JE 4 N\F\T]

VJH]LR]@\R Igtgousluo Vjhtlrt`ur

     H      L      L      C

     O      N      @      N      R      F      ©    1      H      G      D      N      B      M      H      N      J      ]      ]      L      O      G      D      N      J      F

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTL E INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

� ]`l wllc‚s tnecs nhm lvlhts \helss gt`lrwjsl hgtlm, nee tncl pendl jh @nee >.>, Olssl Bnsle

]\LTMNZ >2 A\HL DGHYLRTN]JGHT >;no Nrt >;no  Nrt ns nh Nflht igr D`nhfl1 [grcy @lilr‚s Lhmnhflrlm Dgeenbgrntjgh wjt` t`l Elghnrmg MjDnprjg Iguhmntjgh N dghvlrsntjgh bltwllh t`l Tgut` Nirjdnh mlsjfhlr [grcy @lilr, MjDnprjg Iguhmntjgh d`jli lxldutjvl ]lrry ]noojhlh ]noojhlh nhm t`l Fujem Frgup iguhmlr ]rlvyh OdFgwh, noghf gt`lrs. Mlsjfh Ojnoj/Bnsle ]necs ]`lntrl, @nee > Tõm, Olssl Bnsle  >>.4;no Egdne >>.4;no  Egdne Jhtleejflhdl, \hjvlrsne Nppejdntjghs Euon Nrels‚s d`jli lxldutjvl Oustnp`n Bgu`nyntj, Yjtrn Mlsjfh Ousluo durntgr Nolejl Celjh nhm t`l Flronh mlsjfhlr Eucns Vlfwlrt` irgo Euon Ntlejlr lxpegrl ―nrd`jtldturne ogmuenrjty nhm s`nrlm chgwelmfl‟. Mlsjfh Ojnoj/Bnsle ]necs ]`lntrl, @nee > Tõm, Olssl Bnsle  Tõm, Olssl Bnsle  IJEO
VLMHLTMNZ >4 A\HL DGHYLRTN]JGHT >;no Nrtjst >;no  Nrtjst ]nec1 Ojd`nle Rncgwjtz ]`l D`jdnfg-bnslm dghdlptune nrtjst tnecs tg D`us Onrtïhlz, t`l `lnm gi Bnsle‚s Jhstjtutl gi Nrt nt t`l I@HV Ndnmloy gi Nrt nhm Mlsjfh. >;.4;no TuplrMlsjfh1 >;.4;no  TuplrMlsjfh1 Jtnejnh Rnmjdne Mlsjfh >:9<�6< N sdrllhjhf gi t`l �eo TuplrMlsjfh igeegwlm by n mjsdussjgh bltwllh t`l nrd`jtldt Irnhdg Numrjtg, durntgr Onrjn Drjstjhn Mjmlrg nhm R & Dgopnhy dg-iguhmlr Lvnh Thymlronh. Mlsjfh Ojnoj/Bnsle ]necs ]`lntrl, @nee > Tõm, Olssl Bnsle  4po Ousluos 4po  Ousluos jh n Fegbne Hnrrntjvl ]`l Eguvrl Nbj M`nbj‚s mjrldtgr Onhule Rnbntê nhm Rjd`nrm Nrostrghf, t`l mjrldtgr gi t`l Tgegogh R. Fufflh`ljo Iguhmntjgh, mjsduss w`nt jt olnhs tg brjhf n wleechgwh jhstjtutjgh tg n hlw numjlhdl, wjt` ]`l Nrt Hlwspnplr‚s lmjtgr-ntlmjtgr-ntenrfl Anhl Ogrrjs. 4po Tonrt 4po  Tonrt Ejvjhf Eghmgh‚s Mlsjfh Ousluo mjrldtgr Mlynh Tumajd ogmlrntls n pnhle mjsdussjgh gh sonrt ejvjhf wjt` t`js ylnr‚s Twnrgvscj Mlsjfhlrs gi t`l Iuturl Nwnrm wjhhlrs, jhdeumjhf Ttumy G [grtnbel mlsjfh prndtjdl. Mlsjfh Ojnoj/Bnsle ]necs ]`lntrl, @nee > Tõm, Olssl Bnsle 

=po Tlxjso jh t`l Nrt Vgrem =po Tlxjso ]`l nrtjsts @nhhn` Vljhblrflr, Tnhmrn Ouajhfn nhm Auejltn Nrnhmn dghtlopentl flhmlr rlentjghs nhm dghstrudtjvl wnys tg ogvl igrwnrm ns slxjso wjt`jh t`l nrt wgrem lolrfls irgo t`l s`nmgws. Tõm, Olssl Bnsle  IJEO 0.4;po Nj 0.4;po  Nj Vljwlj1 @uonh Iegw N sdrllhjhf gi t`l D`jhlsl nrtjst‚s 2;>6 mgduolhtnry gh t`l fegbne rliuflldrjsjs.  Ttnmtcjhg Bnsle, Cegstlrfnssl Cegstlrfnssl <

]@\RTMNZ >= A\HL DGHYLRTN]JGHT >;no V`nt >;no  V`nt Dnh n Bjlhhjne Mg7 Igrt`dgojhf bjlhhjne mjrldtgrs Rnep` Rufg﬋ (2;>: Ylhjdl Bjlhhnel), Qgl Butt (dg-durntgr gi T`nran` Bjlhhjne >=) nhm Lvn Fghzîelz-Tnhd`g, durntgr (Gseg Bjlhhnel 2;>:) nhm t`l rlslnrd`lr T`wltne Ns`vjh [nvle g﬋lr tjps gh `gw tg nvgjm bjlhhjne intjful nhm eggc nt w`lrl bjlhhjne dueturl ony bl `lnmlm. 2po Begdcd`njh 2po  Begdcd`njh nhm t`l Nrt Vgrem ]`l Blrejh-bnslm nrtjst Tjogh Mlhhy wljf`s jh gh t`l durrlht nhm iuturl jopndt gi begdcd`njh gh nrt wjt` t`l iguhmlr gi t`l begdcd`njh dgopnhy Ylrjsnrt, Rgblrt Hgrtgh, nhm Clenhj Hjd`gel, t`l iguhmlr gi Brggceyh‚s ]rnhsilr fneelry nhm mjrldtgr gi t`l Hlw Zgrc dg-gplrntjvl dgeeldtjgh gi olmjn nrt, ]`l Durrlht. :t`-dlhtury Lhfejs` ont`lontjdjnh Nmn Egvlendl, w`g js t`guf`t tg bl t`l vlry �rst dgoputlr prgfrnoolr. N ^&N wjt` t`l \T nrtjst nhm �eo-onclr wjee igeegw t`l sdrllhjhf.  Ttnmtcjhg Bnsle, Cegstlrfnssl Cegstlrfnssl < :po Ylrtjf`gsts1 :po  Ylrtjf`gsts1 @gonfls tg @jtd`dgdc‚s Ylrtjfg ]wg �eos by Mgufens Fgrmgh nhm Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh t`nt pny trjbutl tg @jtd`dgdc‚s >:<0 t`rjeelr t`rjeelr..  Ttnmtcjhg Bnsle, Cegstlrfnssl Cegstlrfnssl <

IRJMNZ >< A\HL DGHYLRTN]JGHT >;no Tgdjlty, >;no  Tgdjlty, [gejtjds nhm t`l Nrt Tystlo Nrtjsts Enurlh Bgh nhm N`olt Gfut nhm t`l durntgr Enurn Rnjdgvjd` mjsduss t`l wnys jh w`jd` t`l nrts dgoouhjty js suppgrtjhf sgdjne d`nhfl nhm nrlns jh w`jd` ogrl dnh bl mghl. 2po Tlei-Dghstrudtjgh, 2po  Tlei-Dghstrudtjgh, Tlei-Fgvlrhnhdl ]`l nrd`jtldts [nttj Nhn`gry nhm Mnvjm Aunrlz, nhm Tnhtjnfg Djruflmn, t`l nrd`jtldt jhvgevlm jh t`l Bnsjeln Olsslpentz prgaldt, mjsduss `gw nrd`jtldturl dnh slrvl ns n pentigro igr pubjd jhqujry. Olsslpentz  2po ]`l 2po  ]`l Jopndt gi Mntn gh t`l Onrclt Ags` Bnlr gi t`l Bnlr Inxt nhm t`l ldghgojst Denrl OdNhmrlw tnec nbgut `gw trnhsndtjghne mntn js durrlhtey n﬋ldtjhf t`l nrt onrclt nhm w`nt l﬋ldt t`js mntn ony `nvl jh t`l iuturl. 4po Nrtjst 4po  Nrtjst ]nec1 Eyhh @lrs`onh Ellsgh ]`l nrtjst nhm �eo-onclr Eyhh

@lrs`onh Ellsgh d`nts wjt` t`l mjrldtgr gi t`l @gusl gi Leldtrghjd Nrts, Tnbjhl @joolesbnd`, nhm Nrt Bnsle �eo durntgr Onxn Qgeelr nbgut `lr jhtlrlst jh nrtj�djne jhtleejflhdl nhm bjgegfjdne prgfrlss. =po Tustnjhnbel =po  Tustnjhnbel Djty Mlvlegpolht1 t`l Rgel gi Nrt Dldjejn Nelonhj, t`l nrtjstjd mjrldtgr gi Nrt Bnsle Djtjls Bulhgs Njrls, t`l durntgr gi t`l Cgd`j-Ouzjrjs Bjlhhnel 2;>0, Nhjtn Mubl, nhm t`l nrtjstjd mjrldtgr gi [ubejd Nrt Ouhjd` 2;>0, Agnhhn Vnrszn, mjsduss t`l nrts nhm `lnet`y urbnh frgwt`. Olsslpentz  :2;s tg t`l >:6;s. N ^&N wjt` t`l Jrnhjnh nrtjst wjee igeegw t`l sdrllhjhf.  Ttnmtcjhg Bnsle, Cegstlrfnssl Cegstlrfnssl <

TN]\RMNZ >9 A\HL DGHYLRTN]JGHT >;no Nrtjst >;no  Nrtjst Jh�ulhdlrs ]`l Hlw Zgrc-bnslm nrtjst Tnrn` Tzl tlees Tlrplhtjhl Fneelrjls nrtjstjd mjrldtgr @nhs \erjd` Gbrjst `gw t`l Flronh nrtjst Cnt`nrjhn Frgssl‚s wgrc jhspjrlm nhm jhigrolm `lr gwh prndtjdl. 2po ]`l 2po  ]`l Neblrtg Burrj Dnsl ]`l ejil nhm wgrc gi t`l Jtnejnh pgst-wnr nrtjst js lxpegrlm by Bruhg Dgrë irgo t`l Ighmnzjghl [nenzzg Nebjzzjhj Dgeelzjghl Burrj, Eudn Onssjog Bnrblrg irgo t`l Fjgrfjg Djhj Iguhmntjgh nhm [`jejp Ryenhms, t`l lolrjtus mjrldtgr gi t`l [lffy Fufflh`ljoDgeeldtjgh.
T\HMNZ >6 A\HL DGHYLRTN]JGHT >po ]ld`hl >po  ]ld`hl ]ld`hg ]ld` Bnsjeln nrtjst, mnhdlr nhm leldtrghjd ousjd-onclr Jsnble Elwjs tnecs nbgut t`l dghtlopgrnry rjtunes nssgdjntlm wjt` fnt`lrjhf, wjt` t`l ]ntl‚s jhtlrhntjghne nrt durntgr Dnt`lrjhl Vggm nhm T`nran` >= Bjlhhjne durntgr Denjrl ]nhdghs. Olsslpentz  2po Mj﬋lrlht 2po  Mj﬋lrlht @jstgrjls, Mj﬋lrlht Iuturls Nrt Bnsle‚s \hejojtlm durntgr Fjnhhj Altzlr nhm t`l Buefnrjnh nrtjst Hlmcg Tgencgv, Tgencgv, w`g `ns n pjldl jh t`l \hejojtlm sldtgr, mjsduss wgrcs jh t`js sldtjgh nhm lxpegrl `gw by rl-lxnojhjhf `jstgry wl dnh d`nhfl t`l iuturl. 4po Nrtjst 4po  Nrtjst ]nec1 @nlful Znhf ]`l Tgut` Cgrlnh nrtjst nhm 2;>0 Vgeifnhf @n`h prjzl-wjhhlr mjsdussls `lr wgrc wjt` t`l mjrldtgr gi Dgegfhl‚s Ousluo Eumwjf, Zjeonz Mzjlwjgr.

 AGJH  AG HLV ZGRC‚T ELNMJHF INJR ONRD@ 6—>;, 2;>: N[[EJDN]JGH MLNMEJHL A\EZ >>

2<

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR.DGO  NR] BNTLE INJR LMJ]JGH >2 A\HL 2;>0

29

DGEELD]GR‚T LZL  Nrt egvlrs tlee us w`nt t`ly‚vl t`ly‚vl bguf`t nhm w`y ―J aust bguf`t n brghzl by Egujsl Bgurflgjs gi n �vl-elfflm dnt‟ onybl t`l Gem Onstlr mrnwjhfs, n Mneï nhm n Onfrjttl.

Ji oghly wlrl hg gbaldt,  w`nt wguem bl ygur mrlno purd`nsl7 J `nvl twg. Ijrst, n pnjhtjhf by Mgolhjdg Fhgej, w`g wns s`gwh enst ylnr nt Nrt Bnsle. ]`l sldghm  wguem bl @jlrgh @jlrghyous yous Bgsd` Bgsd`‚s ‚s ]`l ]`l Fnrmlh gi Lnrt`ey Mlejf`ts (><;4><). Jt wguem ﬎t plrildtey jh oy dgeeldtjgh.

 V`jd` wgrc jh ygur dgeeldtjgh rlqujrls t`l ogst onjhtlhnhdl7 Hghl gi t`lo pnrtjduenrey, net`guf` J `nvl rlstgrlm n dgupel gi Gem Onstlrs oyslei SMrlyiusBlst wns igrolrey n rlstgrlr nt t`l Cuhstousluo Bnsle_.

 V`jd` nrtjst nrtjsts, s, mlnm mlnm gr nejvl nejvl,,  wguem ygu jhvjtl jhvjtl tg ygur ygur mrlno mjhhlr pnrty7

 \een Mrlyiu Mrlyius-Blst s-Blst  ]`l Bnsle-bn Bnsle-bnslm slm dgeeldt dgeeldtgr gr \een \een Mrlyius-Blst stnrtlm buyjhf nrt jh t`l >:6;s wjt` `lr entl `usbnhm, t`l Twjss  bnhclrr Rjd`nrm  bnhcl Rjd`nrm F. Mrly Mrlyius. ius. ]gflt`l gflt`lrr t`ly bujet w`nt s`l mlsdrjbls ns ―n rlne  Vuhmlrcn  Vuh mlrcnoolr oolr,, spnhhjhf spnhhjhf gvlr gvlr 0<; 0<; ylnrs‟. ylnrs‟. ]`l ldeldtjd ojx strltd`ls irgo nh >>t`-dlhtury Jtnejnh  brghzl  brghz l tg Rlhnjssn Rlhnjssnhdl, hdl, Bnrgqul Bnrgqul nhm Onhhlr Onhhlrjst jst pjdturls, irgo Tyobgejst nhm Turrlnejst wgrcs (Rlhê Onfrjttl js n pnrtjduenr invgurjtl) tg dghtlopgrnry pjldls by nrtjsts sud` ns Al﬋ Cgghs. Jh 2;>=, t`l [lffy Fufflh`ljo Dgeeldtjgh jh  Ylhjdl  Ylh jdl stnflm stnflm nh lx`jbjtjg lx`jbjtjgh h gi t`l t`l dgeeldtjg dgeeldtjgh, h, n tlstnolht tg t`l dgupel‚s dnt`gejd tnstls. Mrlyius-Blst nhm `lr `usbnhm nesg jh`lrjtlm pjldls irgo `lr int`lr-jh-enw Bnrgh Rgblrt vgh @jrsd`, jhdeumjhf pnrt gi `js vnst dgeeldtjgh gi Gem Onstlrs”t`nt Onstlrs ”t`nt js, t`gsl jtlos hgt sgem g﬋ murjhf t`l rldgrm-brlncjhf slvlh-mny nudtjgh gi `js dgeeldtjgh nt Tgt`lby‚s, Eghmgh, jh >:60. MrlyiusBlst hgw sjts gh Tgt`lby‚s nmvjsgry bgnrm nhm `ns nttlhmlm lvlry Nrt Bnsle sjhdl jt stnrtlm jh >:6;. Jhtlrvjlw by Nhhn Brnmy 

@gw mjm ygu ﬎rst flt jhtg dgeeldtjhf7 Oy inojey jhflulhdlm ol”oy pnrlhts dgeeldtlm dghtlopgrnry nrt bligrl t`l wnr. ]`lh J onrrjlm Rjd`nrm, nerlnmy n frlnt dgeeldtgr, nhm wl dgeeldtlm tgflt`lr.

 V`nt wns ygur ﬎rst nrt purd`nsl7 Jh t`l >:6;s, J bguf`t n >:=2 Zvls  ]nhfuy pnjhtj  ]nhfuy pnjhtjhf hf irgo Rumge Rumgeii Qwjrhlr, w`g t`lh `nm aust n ejttel fneelry jh Dgegfhl. J sgem jt nitlr n ilw ylnrs, t`lh, jh t`l lnrey >::;s, J bguf`t nh jopgrtnht lnrejlr  wgrc, ...Gh Tghhl (>:26 (>:26), ), w`jd` w`jd` `nm bleghflm tg Bnrgh @nhs @ljhrjd` vgh ]`ysslh-Bgrhlojszn.

 V`nt js ygur ogst rldlht nrt purd`nsl7  N brghzl sduept sduepturl url by Egujsl

Bgurflgjs gi n ﬎vl-elfflm dnt irgo @nuslr & Vjrt`.

 V`nt js ygur prlilrrlm prlilrrlm wny gi buyjhf nrt7  Nhy wny! wny! Jt mglsh‚t mglsh‚t onttlr onttlr ji ji jt‚s jh ]jobuctu gr Tnumj Nrnbjn ”ji jt ﬎ts wjt` t`l dghdlpt gi oy dgeeldtjgh, js wjt`jh oy bumflt nhm J ejcl jt, t`lh J buy jt.

 V`nt js t`l ogst vneunbel pjldl jh ygur dgeeldtjgh7 Lvlry pjldl js vneunbel tg ol nhm J wguem hlvlr t`jhc jh tlros gi oghly”but prgbnbey t`l pnjhtjhfs t`nt oy `usbnhm nhm J  bguf`t vlry vlry lnrey lnrey gh.

Ji ygur `gusl wns gh ﬎rl,  w`jd` wgrc wguem ygu snvl7 J wguem prgbnbey tncl sgol gi t`l sonee ghls t`nt J dguem dnrry,

Igr t`l pnst >< ylnrs, J `nvl `nm nh nrtjst ns fulst gi `ghgur nt t`l mjhhlr J `gst murjhf Nrt Bnsle.  ]`l ﬎rst ﬎rst ylnr jt wns Al﬋ Cgghs, Cgghs, t`js ylnr jt js ]`lnstlr Fntls. Tg, J  wguem jhvjtl jhvjtl nee gi t`lo, nhm nhm nesg Elghnrmg mn Yjhdj nhm Bgsd`.

 V`jd` wgrc mg ygu rlfrlt hgt buyjhf7  ]`l Fhgej Fhgej irgo enst ylnr ylnr t`nt J dguemh‚t n﬋grm3 jt wns n pnjhtjhf gi n wgonh‚s brnjmlm `njr. @l js nh jhdrlmjbel rlnejstjd pnjhtlr,  wjt` n tgud` gi Turrlnejso. Turrlnejso.

 V`nt js t`l ogst surprjsjhf pendl jh w`jd` ygu `nvl mjspenylm n wgrc7  N Anpnhlsl Anpnhlsl ousluo wnhtlm tg  bgrrgw twg gi oy wgrcs wgrcs by t`l >9t`-dlhtury pnjhtlr Fjuslppl  Nrdjobgemg,  Nrdjo bgemg, but J mjmh‚ mjmh‚tt wnht tg elhm t`lo bldnusl J mgh‚t nfrll  wjt` t`l Anpnhls Anpnhlsl l npprgnd` npprgnd` tg t`l lhvjrgholht. Tg, J nsclm igr n egt gi oghly nhm fnvl jt tg nh HFG prgtldtjhf onrjhl onoones.

 V`nt‚s t`l blst dgeeldtjhf nmvjdl ygu `nvl bllh fjvlh7 Eggc, eggc, eggc… ygu oust `nvl nh gplh lyl, nhm trnjh ygurslei tg rlfjstlr jonfls jh ygur brnjh, rloloblr t`lo. Jt js n mjsdjpejhl.

]@L NR] HLVT[N[LR   Nrt Bnsle lmjtjghs LMJ]GRJNE NHM [RGM\D]JGH Lmjtgr (]`l ( ]`l Nrt Hlwspnplr )1 )1 Nejsgh Dgel Dg-lmjtgrs (injr pnplrs)1 Auejn Ojd`nescn, Lojey T`nrpl [rgmudtjgh lmjtgr1 Rjn @gpcjhsgh Dgpylmjtgrs1 Nejsgh Fuhh, Mlnh Furmlh, Nhmrlw OdJewrnjt`, Yjvjlhhl Rjmmgd`, Rgblrt Tpleeonh Mlsjfhlr1Yjdj Mlsjfhlr1 Yjdj OndMghnem [`gtgfrnp`lr1Mnvjm [`gtgfrnp`lr1 Mnvjm Gwlhs [jdturl rlslnrd`lrs1 Cnt`lrjhl rlslnrd`lrs1  Cnt`lrjhl @nrmy, Njoll Mnwsgh Dghtrjbutgrs1 Flgrfjhn Nmno, Clhhlt` Dghtrjbutgrs1Flgrfjhn Bnclr, Nhhn Brnmy, Njoll Mnwsgh, Neld Lvnhs, Olenhjl Flrejs, Fnrlt` @nrrjs, Blh Eucl, @nhhn` OdFjvlrh, Auejn Ojd`nescn, Anhl Ogrrjs, Lojey T`nrpl, Agsê mn Tjevn, Nhhy T`nw Mlsjfhnhm prgmudtjgh(dgoolrdjne)1 Mnhjlen @nt`nwny

MJRLD]GRT NHM [\BEJT@JHF [ubejs`lr1 JhhnBnz`lhgvn D`njronh1Nhhn D`njronh1 Nhhn Tgolrs Dgdcs D`jli lxldutjvl1 Auejl T`lrbgrh Onhnflolhtnddguhtnht1 Lvflhjn Tpleeonh Nddguhtnht1 Ont`n Ournej Nssgdjntl pubejs`lr, injrs nhm lvlhts olmjn1Ttlp`nhjl olmjn1 Ttlp`nhjl Geejvjlr @lnm gi subsdrjptjghs nhm oloblrs`jp1 Anols Frllhwggm @lnm gi snels (\C)1 Cnt` Bggh @lnm gi snels (t`l Nolrjdns)1 Nolrjdns)1Tplhdlr Tplhdlr T`nrp Nmvlrtjsjhf snels nhm prgmudtjgh onhnflr1@lhrjlttn onhnflr1 @lhrjlttn Blhtnee Onrcltjhf Onrcltjh fonhnflr (t`lNolrjdns)1 Ttlvlh Cnojhscj Nmojhjstrntgr/bggc-cllplr (t`l Nolrjdns)1 Nht`ghy T`ng Mjfjtne mlvlegpolht mjrldtgr1 Ojc`nje Olhmlelvjd` Tystlo nmojhjstrntgr1 Eudjlh Htuobn Gffldl dg-grmjhntgr nh m dustgolr suppgrt1 Onrfnrlt Brgwh [\BEJT@LM BZ \. NEELONHMJ & DG. [\BEJT@JHF E]M \C GIIJDL1 ]1 +== (;)2; 4=>9 :;;;  L1 eghmghgffldlKt`lnrthl wspnplr.dgo \T GIIJDL1 ]1 +> 2>2 4=4 ;626   L1 hygffldlKt`ln rthlwsp nplr.dgo [rjhtlmbyMrudczlhtruoBlrh,Twjtzlrenhm nhm ©]`l NrtHlwspnplrEtm,2;>0 Neerjf`tsrlslrvlm.Hgpnrt git`jshlwspnplrony blrlprgmudlm wjt`gutwrjttlhdghslhtgi t`ldgpyrjf`tprgprjltgr.]`lNrt Hlwspnplrjs hgtrlspghsjbeligrstntlolhtslxprlsslmjh t`l sjfhlmnrtjdelsnhmjhtlrvjlws.V`jellvlrydnrljs tnclhbyt`l pubejs`lrs,t`l dghtlhtsginmvlrtjslolhtsnrl t`lrlspghsjbjejty jty git`ljhmjvjmunenmvlrtjslrs

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