REALIZADO REALIZADO POR: ALEXIS ALEXIS PINO FECHA: 06 / 07 / 2014
PROYECTO FINAL HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL II
EN EL PR PRES ESEN ENTE TE TR TRAB ABAJ AJO, O, RE REAL ALIZA IZARÉ RÉ UN UNA A DE DESC SCRI RIPC PCIO ION N DE DEL L PR PROC OCES ESO O PRODUCTIVO DE LA PLANTACION DE VIÑEDOS, EN EL CUAL ME REFERIRÉ A CIERTOS RIESGOS QUIMICOS Y BIOLOGICOS QUE CONLLEVA ESTE PROCESO, LAS PROVABLES CONSECUENCIAS PARA LA SALUD DE LAS PÉRSONAS Y, AL FINAL, REALIZARÉ UN PLAN INTEGRAL CON MEDIDAS DE CONTROL PARA PARA RESGUARDAR LA SALUD DE LOS TRABAJADORES EXPUESTOS
Según los contenidos estudiados durante la asignatura y en base a una investigación individual que usted efectúe en Internet, realice lo siguiente:
1. Seleccione un proceso productivo del área agrícola (por ee!plo: plantación, trata!iento fitosanitario, cosec"a, transporte, envasado y e!balae# y descríbalo. $onsidere en su respuesta la e%plicación acerca de có!o reali&aría el análisis del puesto de trabao del proceso seleccionado.
El pro!"o pro#$%&'o ()r*ol( +$! ! "!l!&o-(#o !- !"%( o("&.- p(r( r!(l&/(r !l pro0!%o 1&-(l #! l( ("&)-(%$r( !" !l #! 'lantación de i)edos. Lo pr&2!ro +$! "! %&!-! !- o-"&#!r(&.- ( l( or( #! r!(l&/(r l( pl(-%(&.- #! '&3!#o", !" !l %&po #! "$!lo !- !l $(l "!r4- pl(-%(#("5 D! !"%! p$-%o #!p!-#!r4 "& !" -!!"(r&o ()r!)(r &!r%o" %&po" #! 1!r%&l&/(-%!" p(r( 2!6or(r l( 1!r%&l&#(# #!l 2&"2o5 U-( '!/ r!(l&/(#o" lo" !"%$#&o" (l r!"p!%o, "! (-(l&/( +$! %&po #! 1!r%&l&/(-%! #! #!7! $%&l&/(r p(r( "((r !l 248&2o #! pro'!o (l "$!lo5 P(r( #!6(r !8p$!"%(, #! 2!6or 2(-!r( !"%! %!2(, ( o-%&-$(&.- pr!"!-%o $(#ro !8pl&(%&'o #! !"%! %!2(9 *ipo de suelo
+unciones
-todos de !eora!iento
renoso
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reno/ arcilloso
E"%r$%$r( po7r!
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rcilloso
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Subsuelo ácido
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B$!-( 1!r%&l&#(#
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+unción
N&%r.)!-o Cr!&2&!-%o #! o6(" 0 %(llo" ;N< olor '!r#! 0 r!"&"%!-&( ( pl()("
Sínto!as de deficiencia
+uentes
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O%ro #! lo" p$-%o" ( o-"&#!r(r !" l( (pl&(&.- #! o%ro" o2p$!"%o" 0 "$"%(-&(" +$*2&(" $%&l&/(#(" p(r( o27(%&r l(" pl()(" 0 !-1!r2!#(#!" #! lo" '&3!#o", o2o por !6!2plo9 •
+ilo%era:
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•
ra)ita roa:
E"%( (r(3( "! (l&2!-%( pr&-&p(l2!-%! #! l(" o6(" 0 7ro%!" #! lo" '&3!#o", !8%r(0!-#o "$" 6$)o" !l$l(r!" 0, por !-#!, 1r!-(#o "$ r!&2&!-%o 0 #!"(rrollo5 E- !"%! ("o, $-( #! l(" "$"%(-&(" +$*2&(" $%&l&/(#(" p(r( o27(%&r ( l( (r(3&%( ro6( !" l( (pl&(&.- #! 1!r%&l&/(&.- o- potasio, a&ufre, propineb 0 !- ("o" !8%r!2o", $%&l&/(r ((r&&#(", o2o por !6!2plo9 dicofol, aba!ectina y a&ociclotin. •
caro "ialino:
E"%! ((ro (%(( lo" 7ro%!" 0 l(" o6(" #! lo" '&3!#o", p!ro lo" #(3o" 24" "&)-&1&(%&'o", "o pro'o(#o" por l( !27r(, 0( +$! :"%( &-'!r-(- !- lo" 7ro%!", pro'o(#o !l (7or%o #! l(" 1lor!" 0 2(l $(6(#o #! lo" r(&2o"5 E"%! ((ro !" (%((#o o- "$"%(-&(" +$*2&(" %(l!" o2o9 a&ufre y acaricidas beas y avispas:
L(" (7!6(" 0 ('&"p(" (pro'!(- lo" #(3o" ($"(#o" por l(" ('!" ( lo" r(&2o" #! $'(" p(r( !8%r(!r "$" 6$)o"5 Lo" #(3o" +$! !"%(" ($"(- ( l( pl(-%(&.- p$!#!- "!r )r('*"&2o", 0( +$! (%((- #&r!%(2!-%! !l 1r$%o #! :"%("5 Al)$-(" #! l(" "$"%(-&(" +$*2&(" $%&l&/(#(" p(r( o-%rol(r 0 o27(%&r ( l(" (7!6(" 0 ('&"p(" "o-9 *ric"lorfon y alat"ion.
•
atas y ratones:
Lo" #(3o" ($"(#o" por r(%(" 0 r(%o-!" (1!%(- #&r!%(2!-%! ( lo" r(&2o" #! l(" pl(-%(&o-!" #! lo" '&3!#o" 0 !- pl(-%(&o-!" 6.'!-!" "! (l&2!-%(- #! l(" or%!/(" #! lo" %(llo" 0 #! l(" 0!2(" ( p$-%o #! 7ro%(r, lo $(l, pro'o( l( 2$!r%! #! l( p(rr(5 P(r( !"%! ("o l(" "$"%(-&(" +$*2&(" $%&l&/(#(" "o-9 l( $%&l&/(&.- #! rodenticidas, o2o por !6!2plo9 cu!atetralil y difetialone.
T(27&:-, !" (o-"!6(7l! 1o2!-%(r l( pr!"!-&( #! #!pr!#(#or!" -(%$r(l!" #! l(" r(%(" 0 r(%o-!", o2o por !6!2plo ('!" #! r(p&3(, /orro", $l!7r(", !%5
E"%! ?l%&2o p$-%o, (l &)$(l +$! l( pr!"!-&( #! (7!6(" 0 ('&"p(", -o" #( o2o r!"$l%(#o l( !8po"&&.- ( r&!")o" 7&ol.)&o", +$! "! (#6$-%( ( lo" r&!")o" +$*2&o" r!"$l%(-%!" por l( $%&l&/(&.- #! "$"%(-&(" +$*2&(" 0( 2!-&o-(#(" l(" $(l!" "o- $%&l&/(#(" p(r( !l o-%rol #! pl()(" 0 '!%or!"5
2. 3uego, para el proceso productivo seleccionado, identifique y describa detallada!ente al !enos 4 riesgos quí!icos y 4 riesgos biológicos a los que se e%ponen los trabaadores que laboran en -l y !encione cuál sería el siste!a de evaluación que utili&aría para su !edición.
Al)$-o" #! lo" r&!")o" +$*2&o" o- lo" $(l!" -o" po#!2o" !-o-%r(r !- !l pro!"o pro#$%&'o #! l( pl(-%(&.- #! '&3!#o" "o- lo" "&)$&!-%!"9 iesgos quí!icos
@< U"o #! (/$1r!9 E"%! pro#$%o, !" (l%(2!-%! $%&l&/(#o !- lo" pro!"o" ()r*ol(" %(-%o, p(r( 2!6or(r l(" o-#&&o-!" #!l "$!lo, o2o %(27&:-, p(r( o27(%&r &!r%o %&po #! pl()("5 E"%! pro#$%o p$!#! )!-!r(r &!r%o" #(3o" ( l( "(l$# #! lo" %r(7(6(#or!", +$! por 2o%&'o" l(7or(l!", #!7!!"%(r !8p$!"%o" ( :l5
< U"o #! po%("&o9 E"%! pro#$%o, (l &)$(l +$! !l (/$1r!, !" $%&l&/(#o p(r( 2!6or(r l( (l&#(# #! lo" "$!lo" !lo" $(l!" "! r!(l&/(r4 l( pl(-%(&.-5
< U"o #! &2&#(lopr El &2&#(lopr&#, !" $- &-"!%&&#( $%&l&/(#o p(r( o27(%&r l( (p(r&&.- #! l( 1&lo8!r( !- l(" pl(-%(&o-!" #! '&3!#o", lo" $(l!" ($"(- )r(- #(3o ( l( pl(-%(&.-5
< U"o #! (7(2!%&-(9 E"%! pro#$%o !" $%&l&/(#o p(r( o27(%&r l( (p(r&&.- #! l( (r(3&%( ro6( !- l(" pl(-%(&o-!" #! '&3!#o"5
< U"o #! 2(l(%&o-9 E"%( "$"%(-&( !" $%&l&/(#( p(r( o27(%&r l( (p(r&&.- #! (7!6(" 0 ('&"p(" !- l(" pl(-%(&o-!" #! '&3!#o", 0 "$ $%&l&/(&.- %&!-! lo" "&)$&!-%!" r&!")o" +$*2&o" (&( l(" p!r"o-("9
iesgos biológicos
@< A-&2(l!" pr!"!-%!" !- !l l$)(r, o2o por !6!2plo9 ('!", r(%(", p!rro", /orro", p(r4"&%o" 0 )(rr(p(%("5 < M&roor)(-&"2o" 0 4(ro" pr!"!-%!" !- pol'o" or)4-&o"5 < E-1!r2!#(#!" (l:r)&(" !"p!*1&(", o2o por !6!2plo9 p$l2.- #! )r(-6!ro 0 p$l2.- #! r&(#or #! p46(ro"5 < I-"!%o" pr!"!-%!" !- l( /o-( < Co-%(%o o- !8r!2!-%o" o 1l$&#o" #! (-&2(l!"5
5. 'ara cada riesgo quí!ico y biológico, !encione y describa una posible consecuencia (enfer!edad o alteración a la salud# que podría tener un trabaador luego de una e%posición prolongada al tó%ico o agente conta!inante.
iesgos quí!icos
@<
U"o #! (/$1r!9
E1!%o" ()$#o" ( or%o pl(/o p$!#!- "!r )r('! &rr&%(&.-, +$!2(#$r(" !- p&!l 0 o6o", o(l%( pro7(7&l&#(# #! #(3o o$l(r, &rr&%(&.- #! -(r&/ 0 )(r)(-%(, #olor #! (7!/(, -($"!( 0 'o2&%o5 Al)$-o" r&!")o" r.-&o" ( l( "(l$#, pro'o(#o" por !l (/$1r!, lo" $(l!" p$!#! p!r#$r(r #$r(-%! (3o", ! &-l$"&'! 2!"!" "o- lo" "&)$&!-%!"9 R&!")o #! 4-!r, r&!")o" !- !l "&"%!2( r!pro#$%&'o #! l(" p!r"o-(" 0 #!7&#o ( $-( !8po"&&.- (l%( #! 1or2( r!p!%&%&'(, !l (/$1r! p$!#! ($"(r #(3o" !- lo" p$l2o-!", pro'o(-#o &rr&%(&.- !- :"%!, 7ro-+$&%&" o- %o" 0 1l!2(", 1(l%( #! (&r!, ("2(, opr!"&.- #!l p!o 0 #!r2(%&%&" o- "!+$!#(#, )r&!%(" 0 !-ro6!&2&!-%o #! l( p&!l5
<
U"o #! po%("&o9
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<
U"o #! &2&#(lopr
Al &-(l(r !"%! pro#$%o, "! %!-#r4 #&1&$l%(# p(r( r!"p&r(r, o-)!"%&.- p$l2o-(r 0 o-'$l"&o-!", (l %!-!r o-%(%o o- lo" o6o", &rr&%(&.- o$l(r 0 (l &-)!r&r !"%! pro#$%o, po#r!2o" %!-!r 2(l!"%(r !"%o2((l, o-'$l"&o-!" 0 !"p("2o" 2$"$l(r!"5
<
U"o #! (7(2!%&-(9
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<
U"o #! 2(l(%&o-9
Irr&%(&.- #! l(" '*(" r!"p&r(%or&(", &rr&%(&.- #! l(" '&"%( 0 (l &-)!r&r !"%! pro#$%o, p$!#! o("&o-(r 2(r!o", '.2&%o", #&(rr!(", "$#or 1r&o, (-"&!#(#, ':r%&)o, #olor #! (7!/(, "(l&'(&.-, 7r(#&(r#&( 0 2&o"&"5
iesgos biológicos 1.
B(%!r&(", o-)o", 4(ro" 0 '&r$" %r(-"2&%&#o" por (-&2(l!" pr!"!-%!" !- !l l$)(r, o2o por !6!2plo9 2or#!#$r(" #! r(%(", r(%o-!" 0 $l!7r("5
2.
Pro7l!2(" r!"p&r(%or&o" pro'o(#o" por 2&roor)(-&"2o"
5.
I-1!&o-!" #!7&#o ( p&(#$r(" #! &-"!%o" pr!"!-%!" !- l( /o-(
6.
Co-%(2&-(&.- #! lo" (l&2!-%o" #! lo" %r(7(6(#or!" por (-&2(l!" pr!"!-%!" !- l( /o-(
4. 7ise)e un plan con !edidas de control, en el que se aborde la solución integral para el cuidado de la salud de los trabaadores del proceso productivo seleccionado. edidas de control agentes quí!icos edidas de control para !anipulación de agroquí!icos:
@5 M(-&p$l(&.- o- )$(-%!" 0 2("(r&ll(" #! pro%!&.- 0 o- rop( (prop&(#( p(r( r!(l&/(r !"%( 1$-&.-5 5 D!"p$:" #! %r(7(6(r o- ()ro+$*2&o", l('(r l( rop( +$! "! $%&l&/. 0 %o#o" lo" !l!2!-%o" o &-"%r$2!-%o" !2pl!(#o"5 5 D!"p$:" #! %!r2&-(r #! $%&l&/(r ()ro+$*2&o", !l %r(7(6(#or #!7! l('(r"! o(7$-#(-%! ()$( 0 6(7.-5 5 J(24" "! #!7! 1$2(r, 7!7!r 0 o2!r (l $%&l&/(r ()ro+$*2&o"5 5 T!-!r o-o&2&!-%o" #! l( $7&(&.- #! l( !"%(&.- #! !2!r)!-&( 0 2(-%!-!r 7o%&+$*- o- &2pl!2!-%o" -!!"(r&o" !- ("o #! !2!r)!-&(5 5 E- ("o #! &-%o8&(&.-, %r("l(#(r, !- 1or2( &-2!#&(%( (l (1!%(#o ( $- !-%ro ("&"%!-&(l, !- lo po"&7l!, ll!'(r !l !-'("! o !%&+$!%(#o #!l pro#$%o ($"(-%! #! l( &-%o8&(&.-5 5 R!(l&/(r (p(&%(&o-!" 0 (rl(" (!r( #! lo" r&!")o" (l 2(-&p$l(r ()ro+$*2&o", p!"%&&#(" ! &-"!%&&#(" !- %o#o" lo" -&'!l!" #! l( or)(-&/(&.-, o2o %(27&:-, &-"%r$&r (!r( #! l(" 2!#&#(" #! "!)$r&#(# !"%(7l!&#(" !- l(" o6(" #! #(%o" #! "!)$r&#(#5 H5 M(-%!-!r o6(" #! #(%o" #! "!)$r&#(# !- lo" l$)(r!" #! (l2(!-(2&!-%o, $7&(#(" (#( $-( "!)?- orr!"po-#(5 5 R!(l&/(r (rl(" #! "!)$r&#(# (-%!" #! o2!-/(r (#( 6or-(#(5 edidas de control agentes biológicos edidas de control para enfer!edades por ali!entos conta!inados, picaduras de insectos y !ordedura de ani!ales.
@5 No 2(-%!-!r (l&2!-%o" !r( #! lo" l$)(r!" #! %r(7(6o, &-%!2p!r&! 0 l$)(r!" #! (l2(!-(2&!-%o" #! "$"%(-&(" +$*2&("5 5 A-%!" #! &-)!r&r (l&2!-%o", l('(r"! 7&!- l(" 2(-o" o- (7$-#(-%! ()$( 0 6(7.-5 5 J(24" &-)!r&r (l&2!-%o" !- l$)(r!" #! %r(7(6o o ( &-%!2p!r&!, "olo (!r !- lo" l$)(r!" !"%(7l!&#o" p(r( !"%! !1!%o ;("&-o<5 5 No &-)r!"(r (l ("&-o ;o2!#or<, o- rop( #! %r(7(6o ;7$/o $ o'!rol<, #!6(r !"%! 1$!r( p(r( -o o-%(2&-(r !l (27&!-%! #!l ("&-o o- r!"&#$o" #! ()!-%!" o-%(2&-(-%!"5 5 R!(l&/(r (p(&%(&o-!", !- %o#o" lo" -&'!l!" #! l( !2pr!"(, (!r( #! l(" -or2(" #! "!)$r&#(# !"%(7l!&#(" p(r( lo" ()!-%!" 7&ol.)&o" 5 U%&l&/(r rop( #! %r(7(6o o- 2(-)(" l(r)(" 5 U%&l&/(r r!p!l!-%!" #! &-"!%o" H5 U%&l&/(r )$(-%!" #! "!)$r&#(# (l r!(l&/(r l(" %(r!("
5 J(24" %o2(r o- l(" 2(-o" r!"%o" #! 1!(" #! (2*-(l!" @5 No #(r (l&2!-%o" ( (-&2(l!" "&l'!"%r!" !- l( /o-(5 @@5 No #o2!"%&(r o (!r(r"! ( lo" (2*-(l!" "&l'!"%r!" #! l( /o-(, 6(24" &-%!-%(r (%r(p(r (l)$-o" #! !"%o" (-&2(l!" por $!-%( prop&(5 @5 R!(l&/(r &-#$&o-!" 0 (p(&%(&o-!" o- r!"p!%o ( lo" r&!")o" 7&ol.)&o" +$! !"%(r4- !8p$!"%o" lo" %r(7(6(#or!" 0 l(" 2!#&#(" #! o-%rol &2pl(-%(#(" p(r( (#( $-( #! !ll("5 @5 R!(l&/(r (rl(" #! "!)$r&#(# (-%!" #! &-&&(r (#( 6or-(#(5
8ibliografía
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