UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILL TRUJILLO O
FACULTAD DE INGIENERIA Escuela Académico Profesioal de I!eier"a Ci#il
$ATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCION
%VARIACION DI$ENSIONAL EN LADRILLOS& DOCENTE'
Ing. VASQUEZ ALFARO, Iván Eugenio ALU$NOS'
AGUIRRE PLASENCIA, Brent BURGOS OBESO, Jun P! P!"o "o ESPEJO VAL#EZ, $e%&on NAVARRO ARAUJO, Gin'rn(o POLO VELEZ)ORO, Irvin A!e"
TRUJILLO ( PERU TRUJILLO )*+,
*
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO
+
RESU$EN
E" (ono(iiento /ro'un0o 0e "o& teri"e& 1ue " ntur"e2 no& 3 00o, % 0e otro& trn&'or0o& /rtir 0e e&to&, e& e" /rier /&o /r "ogrr innov(ione& te(no"4gi(& (on&tru(tiv& 1ue " (on0i(i4n un0i" (tu" re1uiere.
VARIACION DI$ENSIONAL Pro!"e& (oo e" gotiento 0e re(ur&o& ntur"e& % " %orEN 0en0 0e vivien0 /r un /o!"(i4n en e" Per5, 0e!i0o &u LADRILLOS (ontinuo (re(iiento6 3(e 1ue (0 07 &e ne(e&iten (on á& urgen(i nuevo& teri"e& % te(no"og7& en " (on&tru((i4n, /r 1ue "& vivien0& &en á& 'un(ion"e&, &egur& % e(on4i(&. Por "o nterior % /r 1ue &irv (oo te8to gu7 en " &igntur )A9ERIALES PARA LA CONS9RUCCI:N, e" GRUPO N; < = A &e 3 /ro/ue&to trtr en e&te in'ore t>(ni(o, "o& t4/i(o& á& i/ortnte& &o!re "guno& teri"e& e/"e0o& en " (on&tru((i4n, /o%0 en " grn /ro'un0i00 % (ono(iiento 1ue no& !rin0n "o& ingeniero& /ertene(iente& " e&(ue" 0e Ing. 0e )teri"e&, gregn0o &u e8/erien(i /er&on" (uu"0 en vrio& ?o& 0e 0o(en(i univer&itri % " tr!@o en "o& "!ortorio& 0e " Univer&i00 N(ion" 0e 9ru@i""o.
+*-
#e&eo& 1ue tnto "o& Ingeniero& Civi"e&, (oo "o& 'uturo& Ar1uite(to& 0e " Univer&i00 N(ion" 0e 9ru@i""o, en(uentren reuni0o& 1u7, "o& (ono(iiento& ne(e&rio& !á&i(o&, /r 1ue /ue0n e/"er (on &eguri00 % e(ono7, teri"e& tr0i(ion"e& (oo e" 0o!e, (on(reto, e" &'"to, "o& ortero&, " 0er, et(.., 1ue &e e8/"i(rn en "o& /r48io& in'ore& enen00o& en e" "!ortorio /or e" Ing. Iván Vá&1ue2 % 1ue (ono(i>n0o"o& 3on0en en " !5&1ue0 0e otro& teri"e&, 1ue ""eguen ree/"2r"o& en igu"00 0e (on0i(ione&.
-
AGRADECI$IENTO
#urnte e&te /e1ue?o tie/o 0e vi0 univer&itri, e" GRUPO N; < A, (on'or0o /or e&tu0inte& 0e" III (i("o 0e " E&(ue" A(0>i(o Pro'e&ion" 0e Ingenier7 Civi", gr0e(e (on tot" grtitu0 /or e" /o%o % (onDn2 1ue no& /re&tn nue&tro e&tro& 0e 'or 0e&intere&0. 9" 1ue " Dn"i2r e&te tr!@o tn r0uo % ""eno 0e 0iD(u"t0e& (oo e" 0e&rro""o 0e inve&tig(i4n 0e nue&tro in'ore t>(ni(o, e& inevit!"e 1ue no& &"te un u% 3uno ego(entri&o 1ue no& ""ev (on(entrr " %or /rte 0e nue&tro >rito en e" /orte (o"e(tivo. Sin e!rgo, e" ná"i&i& o!@etivo no& ue&tr ine0itente 1ue " gnitu0 0e e&e /orte 0i0á(ti(o 3u!ie&e &i0o &in " /rti(i/(i4n 0e" gru/o /r 1ue e&te ""egue un 'e"i2 t>rino. Por e""o, e& /r no&otro& un ver00ero /"(er uti"i2r e&te e&/(io /r &er @u&to % (on&e(uente, e8/re&án0o"e& nue&tro& gr0e(iiento& " Univer&i00 N(ion" 0e 9ru@i""o % "o& e&tro& 0e 0i(3 in&titu(i4n /or &u /orte (0>i(o6 en e&/e(i" " Ing. Iván Vá&1ue2 A"'ro 1ue /or &egun0 ve2 no& vue"ve in(u"(r nuevo& (ono(iiento& 5ti"e& /r nue&tr 'or(i4n (oo 'uturo& ingeniero&.
<
INTRODUCCION
Con&tru((i4n e& e" rte 0e (on&truir, e& 0e(ir, re"i2r (on "o& e"eento& % 1uinri ne(e&rio&, % &iguien0o un /"n /reviente e&t!"e(i0o, "& o!r& re1ueri0& /r " e@e(u(i4n 0e un e0iD((i4n, un
in're&tru(tur /uente, /re&, et(., un á1uin, et(.,
e/"en0o "o& teri"e& 0e(u0o& % "& (orre&/on0iente& nor& t>(ni(& &eg5n e" (&o. Prtien0o 0e e"eento& &i/"e& (oo "0ri""o&, (eento, ári0o&, vi0rio, 0er, (ero, /"á&ti(o&, et(., % uti"i2n0o (o!in(ione& 0e(u0& 0e "o& i&o&, &e /ro%e(tn otro& (on@unto& /r(i"e& (oo (ient(ione&, uro&, /i"re&, vig&, 'or@0o&, et(., 1ue en &u tot"i00 (o/"etrán e" (on@unto Dn" 1ue no &erá &ino e" e0iD(io 1ue &e /reten0e (on&truir. E& /or e&o 1ue /r un !uen (on&tru((i4n /riero &e 0e!e 0eterinr un !uen e"e((i4n 0e &ue"o, &o!re e" (u" &e /ien& (on&truir á& 0e"nte, /r e""o nte& 0e e&t!"e(er&e (u"1uier u&o, e& ne(e&rio &!er &u& (r(ter7&ti(&.
$ARCO TEORICO
Uni00 0e A"!?i"er7. L0ri""o& % !"o1ue& 0e r(i"" (o(i0, 0e (on(reto o 0e &7"i(e(". Pue0en &er &4"i0, 3ue(, "veo"r %4 tu!u"r. a- Uidad de Al.a/iler"a S0lida 1o $aci2a-
Uni00 0e A"!?i"er7 (u% &e((i4n trn&ver&" en (u"1uier /"no /r"e"o " &u/erD(ie 0e &iento tiene un áre igu" o %or 1ue e" H 0e" áre !rut en e" i&o /"no. )(i2o& (orriente&, 1ue &e e/"en /r to0 ("&e 0e uro&. En e" er(0o "o& 3% 0e vri& 0ien&ione&, (oo &e verá á& 0e"nte. L0ri""4n3 0enoin0o t!i>n !o!, KingKong, et(. E/"e0o en uro& 0e re""eno, en 1ue""o& 1ue no vn &o/ortr (rg& /re(i!"e&.
.- Uidad de Al.a/iler"a 4ueca
Uni00 0e A"!?i"er7 (u% &e((i4n trn&ver&" en (u"1uier /"no /r"e"o " &u/erD(ie 0e &iento tiene un áre e1uiv"ente enor 1ue e" H 0e" áre !rut en e" i&o /"no. Uti"i20o& /r uro& en /i&o& "to&, Dn 0e 0i&inuir "o& /e&o&6 u&0o& t!i>n en "o& te(3o& 0e (on(reto r0o 0e" ti/o ""0o te(3o "iger0o.
c- Uidad de Al.a/iler"a Al#eolar
Uni00 0e A"!?i"er7 S4"i0 o Mue( (on "v>o"o& o (e"0& 0e t?o &uD(iente (oo /r "o@r e" re'uer2o verti(". E&t& uni00e& &on e/"e0& en " (on&tru((i4n 0e "o& uro& r0o&.
d- Uidad de Al.a/iler"a Tu.ular 1o Padere5a-
Uni00 0e A"!?i"er7 (on 3ue(o& /r"e"o& " &u/erD(ie 0e &iento, e/"e0o& /r "igerr e" /e&o 0e "o& uro&.
e- Uidad de Al.a/iler"a A6ila.le
E& " uni00 0e A"!?i"er7 "veo"r 1ue &e &ient &in ortero
f- Pas5eleros
U&0o& (oo reve&tiiento, o /r i/ere!i"i2r 2oteo&, % /r /i&o& r5&ti(o& % 0e /o(o tráD(o.
PROCEDI$IENTO E7PERI$ENTAL
L &iguiente /rá(ti( &e re"i2 (on " /re&ent(i4n 0e (0
gru/o, 0n0o (ono(er e" "0ri""o 1ue ten7n (on &u& r(& % e0i0& % e&t!"e(i0&. Luego &e /ro(e0e " to 0e e0i0& 0e (0 uno 0e "o&
"0ri""o& (on un reg" i"ietr0. S> i0i4 " n(3ur, "tur % "rgo /or !& (r&, /r &7 o!tener un e0i0 /roe0io 0e (0 /rte 0e" "0ri""o (on &u
re&/e(tivo t!i1ue % /re0. Pr evitr "gun (on'u&i4n "o& gru/o& " ini(io e&(ri!ieron
&o!re "o& "0ri""o&, /r /o0er re(ono(er"o& (on %or '(i"i00. Con "o& 0to& o!teni0o& &e /ro(e0erá u&r "& '4ru"& 0e
vri(i4n. A "o& "0ri""o& &e "o& &oeti4 0i&tint& /rue!& 0e/en0ien0o e" gru/o, /ero e&o &erá e&/e(iD(0o en in'ore& 'uturo&.
DATOS E7PERI$ENTALES
GRUPO * PANDERETA'
#ien&ione&
8
**
8
++
SEGN
ESPECIFICACI:N 9ECNICA #E LA E)PRESA LADRILLO FORTE LAR; ITAL LA$9A
Lar!o+ cm
+-,* ++, +*, ++,+ ++,*
Lar!o) cm
+-,+ ++, +*, ++,++,-
Ac8o+ cm
**,< *, **,* **,+ **,+
Ac8o) cm
**,< *,*, **,* **,
Al5o+ cm
, ,* ,* ,* ,-
Al5o) cm
, ,* , ,* ,<
TA9I:UE 1mmT4 TV
* ,
PARED 1m P4
*+ *
LADRILLO
Lar!o Promedio
Ac8o Promedio
Al5o Promedio
FORTE
+-.* ++. +*.
**.< *.< **
. .*
++.+ ++.+
**.* **.*
.* .-
LAR; ITAL LA$9A
GRUPO + ;ING ;ONG CARAVISTA' #ien&ione& 8 *+, 8 +- SEGN
ESPECIFICACI:N 9ECNICA #E LA E)PRESA LADRILLO NORTE LAR; 4UAC4IPA ITAL LA$9A
Lar!o+ cm
+-, ++, +<, +-,+ +<,*
Lar!o) cm
+-, ++, +<, +-,+ +<
Ac8o + cm
*-,+ **, *-, *+, *+,+
*
Ac8o ) cm
*-,+ *+, *-,* *+,< *+,*
Al5o+ cm
,* ,* ,+ , ,
Al5o) cm
, ,* ,* ,+ ,*
9ABIQUE 9* 9+ ** , , *+ **
PARE# P* * *< * * *<
LA#RILLO
Lrgo Proe0io +-. ++.+ +<. +-.+ +<.
NORTE LAR; 4UAC4IPA ITAL LA$9A
An(3o Proe0io *-.+ **. *-. *+.< *+.*
A"to Proe0io . .* .* . .*
GRUPO - #ien&ione& + 8 + ESPECIFICACI:N 9ECNICA #E LA E)PRESA PASTELERO'
LADRILLO LARSON PIRA$IDE + $ARCA 7 PIRA$IDE )
Lar! o+ cm
Lar!o) cm
+<,+ +<,+ +<, +<,
+<,< +<,* +<, +<,+
Ac8o+ cm
+<, +<,+ +,+<,*
**
Ac8o) cm
+<, +<,* +,+ +<,*
Al5o+ cm
+, -,* -,-,+
8 Al5o) cm
+, +, -,+ -,*
-
SEGN 9ABIQUE 9* 9+ , , ** , *
PARE# P* * ** *,
P * * *
LA#RILLO LARSON PIRA$IDE + $ARCA 7 PIRA$IDE )
Lrgo Proe0io +<.+<.* +<. +<.*
An(3o Proe0io +<. +<.* +.+ +<.*
A"to Proe0io +. -. -.+ -.*
GRUPO < ;ING ;ONG CARAVISTA' #ien&ione& +- 8 *+, 8 SEGN
ESPECIFICACI:N 9ECNICA #E LA E)PRESA LADRILLO
Lar!o+ cm
Lar!o) cm
Ac8o+ cm
Ac8o) cm
Al5o+ cm
Al5o) cm
ALA9EO 1mm-
ITAL FORTE VIRU LAR; LA$9A
+-, +-,* +<, ++, +-,
+-, ++, +<, ++, +-,
*+, *+, *-,* *+,* *+,
*+, *+, *-,* *+, *+,
, ,+ ,* ,
, ,< ,+ , ,
- (onve8o + (onve8o * (4n(vo
*+
LADRILLO
P= SECO 1;!-
P= SATURADO 1;!-
P= SUSPENDIDO 1;!-
FORTES LAR;
+,* +,- *,- *,* +,-
+,< +,+< *, *,* +,
*,-* *,* .< *, *,*
ITAL LA$9A
LA#RILLO
Lrgo Proe0io
An(3o Proe0io
A"to Proe0io
ITAL FORTE
+-.+ ++. +<.+ ++. +-.
*+. *+. *-. *+.* *+
.+ .-+ .* . .+
VIRU LAR; LA$9A
ANALISIS DE DATOS < RESULTADOS
L0ri""o ing ong * 3ue(o&
*-
L0ri""o Crvi&t * 3ue(o& LADRILLO
RESISTENCIA 1;N-
LARSON
"
PIRA$IDE +
*,+ *,+
KN&
PIRA$IDE )
*,+
VIRU
*,<
LADRILLO
FUER>A 1;N-
RESISTENCIA 1;N-
LA$9A
*, -+,+ -*, *<*, *,<
,+ **,- *, <,<,
NORTE LAR;
Ve"o(i00 0e /rue!*<,
4UAC4IPA ITAL
L0ri""o P&te"ero
*<
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