Tuazon Part I, II, III and Appendices

Reimagined Community-Centered Eco-Therapeutic Retirement Home Complex

A Thesis Presented to the School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment Mapua Institute of Technology

Presented by Tuazon, Elaine L. 2011121612

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap, MSAE MSAE

Adviser

December 2014

Architectural Design 9 Reimagined Community –Centered Eco-Therapeutic Retirement Home Complex

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CHAPTER 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION

“At age 20, we worry about what others think of us. At age 40, we don't care what they think of us. At age 60, we discover they haven't been thinking of us at all.” -Ann Landers (1918-2002)

As human beings, everyone is ought to grow and undergo senescence. This senescence senescence is the inevitable phase of biological ageing that somehow indicates the nearing end of life expectancy, especially for humans. In simpler terms, it means ageing, and is the number one cause of expiration to most life forms. Old age may define wisdom due to the number of experiences one has surpassed, but it can also indicate vulnerability. Since this is the phase of where one has undergone full maturity, there is a limited regenerative ability which affects the physical, emotional and mental aspects and may cause someone of old age to be more susceptible to diseases. Like children, the elderly are also in need of special care and assistance. They may now be weak and incapable but they have been young once, and been productive part of the society; hence everyone will do too, and it is everyone’s right to age

with dignity, and to be treated as an important part of the society. Retirement homes are residential care facilities providing special support to abandoned and homeless elderlies. In the Philippine culture, it is not co mmon to send the elderly figures of the family to these kind of facilities because of the Filipino’s respect and debt of gratitude to them. However, it is

sometimes unavoidable for some people to neglect the elderlies and choose to provide them continuing care and assistance from these kind of social services due to reasons. Because of this, there are available retirement homes and community in the Philippines that are operated by the government, private sectors and NGOs.


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1.1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In Philippines, the current population of the elderly from 65 years and above comprises the 4.5% of population (CIA World Factbook, 2014). According to National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) by year 2040, the projected old age population will then cover the 9.6% of Philippine population. This data increase shows a little portion of the old age population but it shall not be an excuse to deprive the seniors of their rights. In foreign countries, it is usual for the elderly to prepare for their own continuing care and assistance; unlike in the local setting, which is the opposite since Filipinos are known for their trait of close familial ties, wherein the grandparents tend to be taken care of by their families thus, security and care for the elderly is not a big deal. However, there are still little or a number of Filipino elderlies who are homeless and those who are chosen to be abandoned by their own family. As they are part of the community, there are retirement facilities or home for the elderly that accommodate such people, offering social services that includes provision of basic necessities, special care, and rehabilitation. In Bulacan, the senior cit izens’ importance to the community is recognized through the ordinance Bulacan Senior Citizen’s Code, under R.A. 9994 “Expanded 9994 “Expanded Senior Citizens’ Citizens’ Act of 2012. It is

intended to protect and acknowledge the rights, security and assistance to the elderly of Bulacan. Its objective includes the encouragement of the elderlies’ participations and contribution to the

development of the community, their involvement on cultural and societal programs, provision for full assistance to their medical needs, promoting their competence and productivity despite their age, and encouraging the elderlies’ participation even in private sectors and NGOs.

1.1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM As the population of the country increases, so does the ratio for the growth of old aged population. Since the elderly group is still a part of the society, they are still one of the concerns of the government in providing a decent healthcare and assistance to their special needs such as retirement homes. In the Philippine setting, most of the existing retirement homes are generally unsuitable for its target market and are lacking in some architectural aspects. Most of these facilities are also located in


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remote areas, which has negative psychological effects to the elderly by making them feel isolated from the community. With such problems, hence calls for a new and reimagined design of a residential care facility that is more sustainable, therapeutic, adaptive and interactive to its users and the environment. More specifically, the proposal shall aim to answer the following sub problems: 1. What is the significance of the design of retirement homes to the users? 2. How can architecture address the needs of the users especially the senior citizens on retirement homes? 3. What architectural solutions can be used to improve the conditions of the elderly on retirement homes? 4. What innovations can be applied and added to the development of retirement homes? How will these innovations benefit the living of the senior citizens? 5. Does the design and environment en vironment of retirement home have a psychological influence to the elderly and other users?

1.1.4 PROJECT GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES Project Goal:

The main goal of this study is to provide a community-centered, community- centered, self-sustainable environment and living for the elderly through a reimagined retirement home complex to accommodate the senior citizens of the province of Bulacan. Objectives:

The goal of the proposal can be achieved through the following objectives: -To identify the needs and wants of the users that will be essential to the development of the design of the facility. -To develop the design of the usual retirement home through reinventing spaces within the structure and supplying other functional areas. -To encourage community interdependence through application of the concept of community oriented design.


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-To apply the concept of an eco-therapeutic eco -therapeutic environment that will enhance the physical, mental and emotional well-being of the elderly who are vulnerable and sensitive. -To promote green living to its users through environment friendly and productive activities by supplementing innovations to a residential care facility such as small scale farming, and gardening etc. Strategies:

-To provide a therapeutic environment within the interior and exterior of the facility using nature as the basic element -To enhance the resiliency of the structure through natural disasters by providing -To provide supplementary spaces to encourage productivity and recreation among the elderly which may involve livelihood and education -To bring the retirement home closer and more interactive with the outside community -To use passive design throughout the complex that will support the concept of green living among the users -To enhance the mobility and accessibility of the complex to encourage independent living and minimal assistance for the senior citizens -To provide a more integrated healthcare and nursing assistance to those senior citizens who have significant difficulty in daily activities

1.1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY In Philippines where there is a little concern for such facilities, this proposal shall provide a new concept and innovation in the design of retirement homes that will recognize and adhere more to the needs of the elderly. This Th is shall be significant through a number of people by proper application of the innovations presented; it shall develop into a more sustainable and effective structure that will benefit the users’ physical, emotional and mental well -being. It can also provide a useful data to the

government or respective authority for more appropriate response to user-friendly design of this kind of facilities. Moreover, this proposal shall also serve as a guide to future research endeavors, as it will give them information for the development of the proposal.


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1.1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION The proposal shall include purely the architectural aspects of reimagining the design of retirement community and application of different innovations that will address the needs of the users. It shall cover, but not limited to, providing new concepts such as sustainability and eco-therapy to the structure, and redesigning the interior spaces of such facility. It shall fo cus largely on the senior citizen residents of retirement homes in Bulacan. On the other hand, the proposal shall mainly focus on the development of architectural design and it will not further discuss other focus such as finances and estimates of the proposal.

1.1.7 ASSUMPTION It is assumed in this proposal that most of the existing retirement homes in the Philippines are generally unsuitable for the users thus, there is a great need to improve the design of retirement homes in Philippines particularly in the province of Bulacan. Through the presented innovations and improvement, a holistic and better design of a new retirement home will be the output, addressing the needs and conditions of the users.

1.1.8 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK In conducting the proposal, the following are several measures and procedures to be followed:

Design Innovations

Reimagined Community Centered Eco-Therapeutic Retirement Complex

Self sustainable and Ecotherapeutic environment

Community interdependence and Green living

Resilient and adaptive to environment


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Data gathering through primary and secondary sources; related studies, survey/interview

Analysis of gathered information

Formulating the solution to the problem

Application of collected data and solution to preliminary proposal

Recommendations Recommendations for the proposal

Application for improved and holistic design proposal for the retirement complex

1.1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS For ease of comprehension of the proposal, the following terms are defined:

Eco-therapeutic- refers to a healing and growth nurtured by interaction with nature, such as through

an outdoor activity with a green environment. Also defined as “green therapy” and “earth -centered therapy”, it implies the significance of human -nature relationship.


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Interdependence- refers to the relationship and/or way of living, wherein the members of a certain

group are mutually reliant on one another Nursing homes- residential care facilities, separate from retirement homes that provide advanced

nursing care to elderly, especially those who have difficulty in functioning for daily activities. Retirement homes - residential care facilities that provide continuing care and assistance to senior

citizens/elderly age, from at least 60 years and above. Such facilities provide social, residential care, occupational therapy and dietary services Senior citizen- old aged, or the elderly, it refers to any Filipino resident citizen at least 60 years old

and above Senescence- it refers to the organic process in most complex living organisms, undergoing biological

ageing wherein a living form increases mortality after maturation. Therapeutic- the ability to heal and/or related to the treatment of a disease. For this proposal, it shall

be defined mainly with the environment of facilities, e.g therapeutic environment

1.1.10 ACRONYMS DSWD- Department of Social Welfare and Development NSCB- National Statistical Coordination Board NGO(s)- Non-government Organization(s) LGU(s)- Local Government Unit(s)

GO(s)- Government Organization(s)


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CHAPTER 1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the summary of related literature and related studies as references for the study. 1.2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE “The Architecture and Design Design of Senior Living Communities”

On an editorial article written by Architect. Felino A. Palafox Jr., (2014) he stated the endearing Filial piety tradition in Asian culture, particularly in Philippines where debt of gratitude is a definitive part of our culture, especially towards our parents and grandparents. He stated that sending aging parents or grandparents to live in senior homes maybe the trend for the future as dwellings become smaller and professionalized care going in senior living communities. He discussed how considering elderly care can be costly, and that much of the developed world is now entering an unprecedented era of “hyperaging” as a result of falli ng fertility and rising longevity.

With the growing retirement community in Asia, the Philippines is being tapped at as the number one cost-effective retirement destination in Asia. He then shared his experience as guest speaker at Retirement & Healthcare Coalition (RHC) International in their forum on Planning and Designing Senior Living Communities in Asia wherein in the forum, it was unanimous that the Philippines is the best place for retirees to live comfortably, due to several factors; like on how Filipinos place a lot of importance on family ties, so Filipino retirement home workers have a natural predisposition towards the older population. Moreover, he had also discussed certain architectural and planning designs that should be considered for senio r homes/communities. According to the book “Retirement Facilities: Planning, Design, and Marketing” by Goodman & Smith, among such considerations are those that pertain to the

changing sense of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and even taste. As the eye becomes yellow and less transparent with age, certain colors are not as discernible, and depth perception and peripheral vision are moderately impaired. Thus, it’s better to use accentuating contrasts on walls or doors, and offset


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long hallways with appropriate lighting to avoid tunnel vision. It’s also better to use the color yellow, orange, and red is advised, since these colors are easier for older people to see. Avoid using color patterns that can be perceived to vibrate because it might trigger vertigo, dizziness, and nausea to the older people. Instead, use the color patterns effectively as subtle ways to help the seniors move around the home, from color-coded signs, memory cues, to different colors for dif ferent floor levels. Better acoustics can be shaped and controlled by architectural detailing by using absorptive finish materials. As we age, there is a slight reduction in the overall ability to smell. Commit to good routine maintenance, use odor-resistant carpeted floors, and materials impervious to absorption and decay. Variance in texture is also advised to help discern plain or complicated objects. Aging brings a reduced sensitivity to hot and cold. Water heating systems can be calibrated to prevent scalding. Our body structure and composition changes too as we age. Aging brings loss of height and corresponding muscle deterioration, so shelf and cabinet heights should be appropriate for older people, even the alarm and elevator buttons. We should design our senior structures and housing for the differently abled seniors. He also identified how the incidence of depression is twice as high for some retirees due to loss of loved ones and being moved from their home environment. As such, it is imperative to design sociability into the environment. This can be done by simply arranging the common living areas with furniture appropriate for group gatherings, with single armchairs positioned near windows for those who’d like to have some personal time by themselves.

Location is of outmost importance as well. Elsewhere in the world, senior communities are located within walking distance of a commercial establishment, a park, and a hospital, assuring senior residents security, comfort, and plenty of activities to do. Lastly, he shared the importance of considering mobility first as the design principle, just as what they implemented in their project on a senior community center, like replacing the stairs with elevators and ramps whenever possible, as well as more space for the seniors to get around, so wide hallways with appropriate lighting was considered.


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1.2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES This section presents several related studies as references for the study which consists of two foreign and local examples. 1.2.2.a Foreign Structures 1.2.2.a.1 Homes for Senior Citizens, Masans, Switzerland

A modernist design of an elderly care residential complex designed the Swiss architect Peter Zumthor, it contains 22 self-service apartments constructed with local materials, such as tuff, pine and maple, creating a traditional and comfortable atmosphere for the tenants. Each unit is also exposed to natural lighting, and the spatial configuration within the bulding expresses openness and communal spaces, showing singularity of the structure as a whole.

The façade of the structure is mostly covered in Tufa rock and glass, and accented with wood framing for the windows.

The living room appears as a long corridor divided only by furniture to keep the sense of community in place.


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1.2.2.a.2 Paisano Green Community Senior Housing

A 4.3 acre residential community located in El Paso, Texas, it is the first NetZero, Fossil Fuel Free and LEED Platinum certified senior housing project in United States. It consists of row of flats with 73 units for the elderly. It is sustainable through the use of solar and wind power and optimization of solar passive design, constructed with recycled and low maintenance materials, and making use of high end utility systems that may cost more but are considered more efficient and practical in the long run. The community adapts well to the environment of the site, provided with community spaces that promote healthy living and is easily accessible t o surrounding commercial structures and transportation.

The units were pre-fabricated offsite and assembled on site by section to minimize waste.

The roofs of the units have solar panels and there are two wind turbines on site that generate power for the whole community.

1.2.2.b. Local Structures 1.2.2.b.1 Camillus MedHaven Nursing Home

The two storey nursing home is located on City of Marikina, the Camilus Medhaven Nursing Home is established by the religious Order of the Ministers of the Infirm or the Camillians. The institution


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provides resident oriented, long term full time care, rehabilitative therapies and adult daycare to seniors. They encourage independent living among senior citizens but at the same time assistance by caregivers.

1.2.2.b.2 DSWD Haven for the Elderly

Formerly known as Golden Acres, the Haven for the Elderly is administered by the government sector on social welfare, the DSWD. It serves as a temporary home that provides different comprehensive services for the abandoned, neglected Filipino senior citizens. It is situated in a 10 hectare land in the peaceful environment of Tanay, Rizal. There are nineteen cottages that can accommodate 270 clients.


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The facility consists of a central kitchen, an infirmary, multipurpose area,laundry area, spaces for productivity, library, staff houses and administration office.

1.2.2.c Department of Social Welfare and Development

The government sector mainly responsible in the provision of proper assistance among older pe rsons. Their services includes social, residential care, occupational therapy and dietary services for senior citizens, 60 years old and above. The following are the services and programs rendered by the department: Social Services includes: -Provision of comprehensive and integrated delivery of rehabilitation services using interdisciplinary approach -Preparation for the re-integration of the older person to his/her family of relatives or alternative caring institution/ family -Coordination with LGUs, GOs and NGOs for resources and services needed Residential Care Services includes: -Provision of comfortable living quarters, adequate food, clothing, and beddings to approximate family life Occupational Therapy includes: -Provision of varied occupational and recreational activities that aims to enhance the resident’s vocational skills and capacity to earn -Health and Medical Services -Provision of consultation, treatment and referral for physical and psychiatric examination to promote physical, psychological and mental well- being of the residents Dietary Services includes: -Provision of appropriate meals to meet the needs of the residents. -Socio- Recreational Services


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-Provision of activities and opportunities for social interaction, relaxation and fun among residents -Spiritual Service -Provision of varied spiritual activities aimed at strengthening the resident’s faith and relationship with God 1.2.2.d Republic Act No. 9994 Expanded Senior Citizens Act An act granting additional benefits and privileges privileges to senior citizens, further amending republic act no. 7432, as amended, otherwise known as “an act to maximize the contribution of senior citizens to nation building, grant benefits and special privileges and for other purposes”

The Expanded Senior Citizens Act willfully recognizes the following objectives: -To recognize the rights of senior citizens to take their proper place in society and make it a concern of the family, community, and government; -To give full support to the improvement of the total well-being of the elderly and their full participation in society, considering that senior citizens are integral part of Philippine society -To motivate and encourage the senior citizens to contribute to nation building; -To encourage their families and the communities they live with to reaffirm the valued Filipino tradition of caring for the senior citizens; -To provide a comprehensive health care and rehabilitation system for disabled senior citizens to foster their capacity to attain a more meaningful and productive ageing; and -To recognize the important role of the private sector in the improvement of the welfare of senior citizens and to actively seek their partnership. The act also identifies the following privileges that a senior citizen can receive, that is, related with the objective of the proposal: a. Education In coordination with DepEd, CHED and TESDA, the government renders privileges that shall institute programs that will ensure access among elderly to formal and non-formal education b. Health


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Under DOH, in coordination with other organizations responsible, is the institution of integrating healthcare services for the elderly and training community based health workers to specialize in geriatric care. c. Social Services These include grant for discount on the consumption of basic utility services by government run, and other organizations operated primarily for the purpose of promoting and caring for the abandoned, neglected and homeless senior citizens. The social services include self and social enhancement services which provides the elderly opportunities for socializing and self-improvement; after care and follow up services, for those who have been discharged from retirement institutions and reintegrated with the community, by offering counseling to the elderly and their families; neighborhood support services where the family are provided with caregiving services for their ill or bedridden senior citizens; and substitute family care or residential care homes for the abandoned, neglected and homeless senior citizens. d. Housing The provision of shelter that will cater to special needs of the senior citizens, such as housing units. e. Incentive for Foster Care The government shall provide incentives and assistances to institutions caring for retirement and residential communities solely for senior citizens.


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CHAPTER 1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY To emphasize the architectural problem and the need for improvement among retirement homes in the Philippines, a detailed and factual research shall be conducted to interpret the existing situation of such facilities. It shall be one of the significant parts of the study to be able to understand and ascertain the different innovations and new strategies in the design of retirement homes.

1.3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN The research design that shall be used is through a combination of case study and interview. With this procedure, the behavior, problems and other relevant information about the chosen study will be determined. It shall describe what has been observed based on the number of significant data gathered. Secondary sources such as books, articles and related studies shall also be helpful on obtaining important information to support the study.

1.3.2 RESEARCH LOCALE The chosen research locale for the case study is at the 7 hectare Luwalhati ng Maynila Home for the Aged, at Brgy. Parang, Marikina City. It is located inside the Manila Boys’

Town Complex where it shares grounds with other institutions such as Girls’ Home, Boys’ Home and

Foundling Home. Although located at Marikina, it is under the governance of the Manila Development and Social Welfare.

1.3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS To be able to obtain significant information for the study, two instruments were used. First is through an open type of oral questionnaire that has been used for the personal interview. This is to


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interact and discuss ideas with the interviewee more freely and to ask more possible questions that can be relevant to the study. The other one is through a naturalistic observation of the area to identify and describe the behavior of the users. The observation was recorded by capturing photographs of the places within the site.

1.3.4 POPULATION UNIVERSE The population universe shall focus on the professionals who are administering the home for the elderly due to their knowledge and qualifications for the study. It is also possible to involve the elderly themselves through an informal interview and obtaining relevant information based on their comfort, experiences and personal preferences on the facility. Since these two are the main and consistent users of the facility, they are a lot more informative in contributing ideas for the thesis proposal based on their own experiences. ex periences.


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CHAPTER 1.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS This chapter presents the data that has been gathered through the two methods that have been utilized. The first part is through a case study and naturalistic observation at the chosen example of an existing home for the elderly located at Marikina. The second part is through an interview with the managing director at the chosen facility who has factual and significant knowledge about the study.

1.4.1 PRESENTATION OF COLLECTED DATA: 1.4.1.a Case Study: Luwalhati ng Maynila Home for the Aged The Luwalhati ng Maynila is residential care institution founded on 1967 and is currently administered by the Manila Social and Welfare Development. It provides service to the elderly, mostly the homeless and poor from the city of Manila. It I t offers the residents basic needs such as food, shelter and standard healthcare services.

Fig. 1 The main entrance to the Manila Boy’s Town

Complex,

where

the

compound is situated.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Luwalhati

ng

Maynila


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Fig. 2 The home for the aged compound is located at the farther end of the complex, beside the

foundling unit. The picture at the left shows the main gate to the Luwalhati ng Maynila. It is also noticeable that there is no parking space provided. Fig. 3 Located just at the entrance of the facility is a landscaped grotto of Our Lady of the Poor where

a Christmas tree is placed to signify the nearing holiday.

Figure 4

Figure 5

Fig. 4 & 5 The one story main building of the facility; established on 1967, the structure shows signs

of deterioration and old age. The façade of the structure is mostly cladded with travertine stone and series of awning windows. To the left of the entrance is a small waiting area for visitors.

Figure 6

Figure 7

Fig. 6 & 7 Just few of the residents of the institution. Lola Perlita, 70 years old has been at the

institution for 8 years. She was brought by her family there and visits her every month. Mildly demented but is still able to communicate properly, she kept on asking on how many days are left until Christmas, and shared how pleased they are during holidays and whenever there are visitors at the facility.


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Fig. 8 Upon the entrance to the left, a seldom used, small library and study space that is located with

few old books. Fig. 9 Opposite the library, to the right is the office of the head of the facility.

Figure 8

Figure 9

Fig. 10 Located after the entrance is a paved

courtyard where the aged residents can reflect and refresh under shades of trees. There are plantings at the area, but are disorganized . Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12


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Fig. 11-13. The multipurpose area of the facility that

serves as the dining and activity area, and temporary space for Sunday masses. During the visit, the lolos and lolas were practicing their dance routine for their performance. Dancing and performing are one of their simple joys at the facility.

Figure 14

Figure 13

Figure 15

Fig. 14 & 15 Adjacent to the multipurpose area is an adequate sized central kitchen for the whole

facility. Fig. 16 For their medical services, the facility has

an infirmary wherein aged residents that require special

medical

attention

are

confined

and

diagnosed. It also serves as stock room for care supplies. Figure 16

Figure 17

Figure 18


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Fig. 17 & 18 An open area in front of the chapel (above left). The chapel of the facility is an open and

roofed structure that also serves as sleeping area for other residents who don’t have rooms. It is currently dilapidated and is awaiting for repair.

Figure 19

Figure 20

Fig. 19 & 20 Open and unused spaces between the bedroom areas of the building. Sanitary pipes are

exposed that induce the stench at the area. There are no artificial ventilation provided for the bedrooms. There were no other available pictures of the bedroom areas as capturing these areas were not allowed. Currently, there are 2 wards, Ward 1 has 22 bedrooms and Ward 2 has 18 rooms. The bedrooms are placed in a single line divided by a narrow hallway. These bedrooms are divided into Figure 21

sections depending on the gender and condition

of the resident. The doors for each rooms were of a rusty steel gate. Each room is crowded that causes the stench be more prominent. Fig. 21 The annex quarters consist of 10 rooms and has plantings at the middle. During the visit, one

old male resident was even urinating at the plants. On the other hand, the eaves of the roof are just


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made of plywood that is decaying due to leakage during rainy season. There is also a separate room at the further end of the compound, where the bedridden residents are located.

1.4.1.b Interview Method An interview was conducted to gather gather relevant and factual data for for the thesis proposal. The interviewee was Director Leonila Borja, the head of the Luwalhati ng Maynila Home for the Aged. During the interview, several questions were asked about the residential institution that will be helpful to the proceedings of the study.

1. How many are the aged residents of the facility? Ang population is 116 ang lolo, 168 ang lola total ng 284. Eh ang capacity nitong facility is 170 lang, so overcrowded kame dito.

2. Do the authorities have any plan on expanding the facility? Ah kase kame since government to nagaantay nagaantay nalang kame. Pero meron naman pledge na iextend kase nga overcrowded kame.

3. What can you say about the current condition of the elderly in the facility? Actually talagang mahirap kase mula nung nagkaroon ng rescue operation ang city of Manila padami ng padami ang lolo at lola. At it o ay hindi lang regular na lolo’ t lola kundi sila ung may sira ulo, mga ulyanin, galling sa iba ’ t ibang panig syempre iba iba din problema. Karamihan kase dito abandoned ng relatives, ayaw na sa kanila.

4. How does the facility works? How are the residents divided? Meron kaming lugar para sa may sakit, mga bedridden. Hiwalay naman sila. Hindi naman pwede ipagsama sila eh. Kaya ginagawa namin dito sa chapel yung walang kwarto talaga. Dun


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yung iba natutulog, naglalagay sila ng karton na may banig. Kase sanay sila sa sidewalk. Yang mga nirescue na yan sa sidewalk yan eh, sa streets ng Manila. Dun na sila nakatira. Nirescue sila para kahit pano maalagaan sila. Kaso ang probema puno na kame. Alam naman nila [authority ng Manila] kaya kahit kaysa naman nasa kalye at wala talaga silang permanenteng lugar, palakad lakad, hindi tama ang pagkain sa isang araw, nagpapalimos. Tapos ang kanilang syempre health kung me sakit pa sila. Kaya mahirap din ang nasa lansangan. Mas okay naman dito kahit puno me lugar pa din sila. Actually paparepair pa namin yan [Chapel] Kaya dito kame nagmimisa sa dining area pag Sunday.

5. What are the daily activities of the elderly? Actually dito kase is residential care. Dito lang is alagaan sila so paggising nila sa s a morning, 5 am yung breakfast then after papaliguan kase iilan nalang ung naliligo sa sarili, mga wala pang sampu. Yung the rest na sa 200 na yun, pinapaliguan ng staff. Kanya kanyang assignment kase pag pag sila lang ang inasahan mo maligo sa sarili, hindi na yan maliligo. Eh E h madami sila at hindi pwedeng hindi paliguan dahil mabaho. Kahit naliligo araw araw, mabaho kase me umiihi, dumudumi, kung saan saan. Wala W ala na sa sariling ano eh kaya mabaho. Eh wala naman kaming magagawa kaya matrabaho.

6. How many staff are there in the facility? Actually 31 kaming kaming lahat out of 284. Sa 31 na yun ako yung head, head, 2 ang social worker, 1 cook, me dalawang worker sa city hall tapos the rest nagpapaligo at naglilinis. Kulang kase kame. Sa madaling salita, undermanaged. Pero kahit ganun pa man, tulung tulong ang bawat isa para sa kalinisan. Kahit parang sa bahay naman eh.

7. What are the recreational activities that the residents are engaged at? Actually kase nga me bisita kame araw-araw. Yun na pinakarecreation nila. Pag wala, pinapraktis nila yung sayaw para sa presentation nila. Kase yun nalang kaligayahan nila,


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magkaroon ng bisita, magpakita ng talent, magsayaw, kanta mga ganun. Meron din kaming livelihood, doormat making pero magpupush through kame sa January kase pag ganitong may mga bisita, marami kaming nakaschedule pag gantong pasko. Pag me bisita mas priority yun. Yung livelihood para lang sila malibang. At the same time kumikita sila. Kase yung sa isang doormat, me 15 pesos sila. Tapos yung pera pambili ng kape, ng kahit anong gusto nila. Pero iilan lang yan kase di na pwede ung iba. Andami na naming livelihood na sinubukan ayaw magmaterialized kase kase problema nila motor skills, yung mata nila. Kaya mga 10 lang lang ung nagdodoormat making.

8. What is the age of the oldest resident? Meron kame 89 years old. Dapat dito 60 and above lang kaya lang may nirerescue minsan wala na sa 60, below 60 pa ang edad. Tinatanggap na naming kase homeless. Kaya nga ito, halo halo na ung cases. Dati regular lang ngayon halo na. Hindi ko nga alam kung home for the aged pa din ito. Marami pa ding ages 60 and above. Marami kaming naghalo na kaya minsan masakit sa ulo.

9. Are the staff stay-in? Karamihan. Ung nursing aide, volunteer, stay-in. Hindi pwedeng hindi kase sa gabi may nakaduty para kung anuman mangyare me titingin, tatawagin nalang yung tulog. Sa araw kase maraming trabaho. Yung may duty ng panggabi iikot nalang kung ano problema.

10. What amenities, spaces are lacking in the facility? Ang kulang talaga talaga is ung building building para sa kanila kanila kase gusto naming madecongest. Pero Pero meron naman pledge, babalik sila decemeber hopefully. Pag nangyare yun, madedecongest yung nandito. Maseseparate ung mga abled, me sira, psychotic. Kase ang amin me mental disorder either demented, or psychotic. Ngayon, actually itong structure na to ginawa lang para sa regular na tumatanda. Kaya lang dumadami ang mental hospital hindi tumatanggap kase


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mahigpit sila ngayon. Kailangan pag interview nila hindi na makasagot. Kaso ang naiinterview namin mahusay pa sumagot kaya ayun, nandyan sila. Pati yung structure ng building iba ung para sa psychotic. Eh wala kaming ibang way, kase pang sakto lang talaga. Ang room na para sa dalawahan. Na iniestablished nung 1967, July 25. Kase maraming nakitang nagpapalimos sa Manila. kame under DSWD ng manila. 11. What are the usual problems of the structure? Oo actually itong structure na to eh mula nung 1967 ito na ginawa ang problema lang is yung sa katagalaan, pag umuulan lalo na pag tuloy tuloy eh may tumutulo. Di naming makita kung paano. Unlike sa building sa dulo na ginawa nung 1997, ang ano nya is plywood lang ung labas na ceiling tapos loob ay asbestos. Kaya nung may tumutulo ayun ang ceiling nya is nabubulok na.

12. How about the medical service of the facility? Part yun ng program namin. Kase ang isa sa program namin na medical may apat kami nursing aide. Isang doctor para sa buong boys ’ town, kaso hindi ganun maayos kase matanda na yan eh. Me sakit na, may nagmamaintain ng gamot. Syempre iba iba, at yung nagseservice sila ang nagaadminister upon the prescription ng doctor, kung kailangan idextrose o isolate. Meron kaming infirmary dun nilalagay para matutukan yung mga nanghihina.

13. Do you think that the facility needs renovation and/or improvement of the design? Actually sa sa renovation renovation kase, kung sa design ang gusto gusto ko kase hindi hindi ung kwarto kwarto katulad ngayon. Let’s say isang room na mahaba may beds na kita lahat. Parang ward. Para madaling mamonitor kase kung room by room, hindi maayos ung design nito for me. Ang design kase nitong structure is para sa regular na dalawahan sila. Eh ngayon ung dalawahan nagiging tatluhan. Pagdating sa me mental disorder, minsan apat sila dun o lima. Pero ang nirerequire na bed hindi na yung kagaya date na steel bed at ang pinakapapag is marine plywood na makapal. Hindi yun advisable kase isa yun sa nakakacause ng amoy. Araw araw nililinis yun


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pag naglilinis ng kwarto. Kung naliligo sila lolo ’ t lola araw araw, pati din pinapaliguan ung kwarto at banig. Lahat. Natutuwa naman ako kase me mga volunteer na nagtitiyaga dito. Pero libre sila sa pagkain, bahay. Sila kase ung nagpapaligo at nagpapakain. Sabi ko nga kaya sila nandito may mission si God para sa kanila kase di ka yayaman dito.

14. Do you think that the design of the structure has an influence to the psychological being and behavior of the residents? Oo naman, kase kung ang structure, kung parang room lang sya, tulad nyan, gaya date. Okay lang kung dalawahan. Eh kung madami nakakasuffocate. Yung iba na pinapapasok namin sa kwarto ay lumalabas pa din. Sa kwarto kase may bintana nga, kaya lang di naman sila sanay. Mas sanay sila sa kalye. Isa yun sa problema namin na para di sila kung saan-saan lang.

15. Do you think it is possible to bring the facility closer to the community? Actually para sakin kase mas m as maganda yung ganto, kase parang malayo sila sa gulo, tahimik kase dito. Tutal masaya naman sila pag me bisita. Pag nilagay mo kase sila sa heart ng P arang, yun bang malapit sa daanan ng saskyan, tapos sila magulo na nga isip nila papunta pa sa magulo eh baka matorete na sila. Kaya madaming nagsasabi na maganda dito kase tahimik. At least may time sila na magmuni-muni sa sa ilalim ng puno.

16. How is the building affected during calamities? Matatag itong building na to. Ang problema lang yung tulo. Sa awa naman ng Diyos hindi rin to binabaha. Nagdaan na ang baha ni Ondoy. Nagpapasalamat kame sa Diyos kase kung inondoy to saan namin dadalhin yung mga lolo ’t lola. Pero mabait si God at di niya pinahintulot kahit kinukuha nalang nya sa ibang bagay.


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1.4.2 NEED ANALYSIS As comprehensive as the basic services the Luwalhati Luwalhati ng Maynila may provide to its residents, residents, there is always a need for improvement. They may be able to offer the residents their basic needs but it is still important to provide them a facility and environment that will support their special needs physically, psychologically and architecturally. Based on the gathered data from observation, case study and interview, it simply shows demand for the development of residential care facilities for the elderly. The current condition of the institution shows the saddening conditions of the elderly who are in dire need of love and care. On the observation during the visit, the design of the facility is as old as the age of the residents. The deteriorating condition appears as though it is the end of both the users and the structure. The design is not helpful for the improvement of the condition of the elderly and looks as if they have been completely abandoned in the abyss of isolation. Regarding the spaces, due to congestion at the facility, the rooms which are supposedly made for two persons only, currently accommodate up to three persons. T he other new residents who don’t have space are placed at the open chapel. As for the structure itself which is experiencing mild deterioration through uncontainable leakages since it has been standing for almost 5 decades, although it is still stable enough to be used. There are also no available parking space for the building. The annex building which was later built has been constructed with poor materials, specifically the eaves which are just made of plywood that are decaying because of leakages during rainy season. On the other hand, because of the age of the residents, wherein most are demented, excretion of body wastes is already involuntary and most of them urinate and defecate anywhere the facility, causing strong and stagnant odor throughout the area. Sanitary pipes are also exposed in such areas that induce the foul odor as shown in the pictures. There are also no artificial ventilation provided of any kind and they are just depending on natural ventilation. There are many plantings in the facility but are disordered; plenty of trees provide shade to the users but are dangerous during typhoons as stated during the interview. The paved courtyard and other unpaved open spaces have uneven flooring that may cause some old residents who are almost sightless to trip over. The bedrooms for the residents also appear like prison cells with a rusty steel gate for a door. On the interview, it was said that most


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of the residents sometimes prefer to sleep at the floor outside the wards because they feel suffoca ted and probably because they are more used to sleeping in sidewalks. However, the situation is a little demeaning that emphasizes the need for the development of such facility. T he managing director has also stated on how they are undermanaged; even if this denotes an operational problem, it still supports the idea of how there is a need for improving the li ves of the elderly through architecture. Melancholy can be seen through the expressions of the faces of the elderly and they only feel utter happiness whenever there are visitors especially during Christmas and New Year; otherwise, on ordinary days, they just wait for the days to pass by. Although it appears that the institution have comprehensive basic services for its residents and that they are satisfied with what they receive, it is still important to acknowledge what can be better provided for their lifestyle. With the isolation and loneliness that the aged residents experience at the facility, it is important to provide them the things that will make them feel at home and that will help improve their psychological well- being and it’s not a reason that they are already old and useless ; they have every right to age with dignity.

1.4.3 QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Through qualitative analysis, it can be denoted based on the data gathered that there is a demand for redesigning and/or development of residential care facilities. T he facility has been originally planned to accommodate up to 170, but it currently has 284, composed of 116 males and 116 females clearly shows the overcrowding within the institution; there are also possible incoming residents for every time the city of Manila has rescue operations for homeless elderly. Based on what Dir. Leonila Borja’s prefe rences for the new design for such structures, she said that it is much better and more

efficient if the plan of bedroom spaces is just a big single ward, unlike the existing two-persons per room. Such redesign shall also help influence the improvement of psychological well-being of the residents since it was also observed that the overcrowding per room makes the elderly feel s uffocated and so most of them prefer to sleep or stay outside.


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The data collected clearly shows the need for improvement and redesigning of such often disregarded structures that will be better for the well-being of the users.

Population of Luwalhati ng Maynila by Gender

Male

Female

Figure 22

The data above shows the current population of Luwalhati ng Maynila by gender with a total of 284 residents that comprises 116 males and 168 females. T he facility is originally planned to accommodate up to 170 people only which indicates the case of overpopulation at the said institution.

Luwalhati ng Maynila Staff

Director

Figure 23

Social Worker

MDSW Worker

Cook

Volunteers


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The data above shows the current number of staff of the Luwalhati ng Maynila that administers and provides services to the residents. With a total of 31 staff, 1 Managing Director, 2 Social Workers, 2 Social Workers at the Manila Department of Social Welfare, 1 Cook and t he rest are volunteers.

CHAPTER 1.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1.5.1 CONCLUSION

The thorough analysis of the data gathered through various primary and secondary resources arrives at the conclusion that there is a significant demand for reimagining and improvement of the design of retirement homes. It is determined that the design of such residential facilities has an influence to the user’s well -being and behavior, and that there can be ways to solve the problems of

such facilities through architectural solutions and application of techniques and innovations for the design of these kind of structures. Basically, retirement homes are structures often overlooked unto as simply being residential facilities. However, as basic these kind of facilities may be, it is still essential to provide them architectural innovations for the benefits of the users. The existing retirement homes in the country can be described as mediocre, undermanaged and also offers just the basic services for the elderly, who are the main users. One example to support this is with the case study at the Luwalhati ng Maynila, a public, and government controlled residential care facility for the elderly that signifies the standard and unpleasant living condition of the elderly. Even if the users are already at the extent of their age, and are considered by most as burden to the society, they still have every right to have improvement in their lives by experiencing even the smallest amount of consideration and kind of atmosphere that will be beneficial to their physical, emotional, social and psychological wel l-being; be it that these can be attained through the reinvention and integration of the design of residential care facilities that are specially made for these people.


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1.5.2 RECOMMENDATION Based on the preceding arguments of the study, the following are recommendations for future researchers:

1. If possible, the future proponents to conduct interviews among eligible and able elderly regarding their opinions on the design of retirement homes they are staying at, and what their outlooks are on future designs of such facilities. 2. The future proponents to provide innovation that will not only be for aesthetic purposes of the structure, but more on what will be influential to the well-being and behavior of the elderly; by focusing in this aspect, everything else will follow that will be more beneficial to the users. 3. The future researchers to dig deeper into the problem of these structures and think of more architectural solutions that can be applied in the innovation of these often overlooked facilities. 4. To venture into the possibility of establishing these type of structures with other possible types of facilities that are designed particularly for the aged, to be able to establish a new community intended for them. 5. That for this proposal to work, the improvement shall not be only for the architectural aspect but also the over-all characteristics of the facility, may it be operational etc. because no matter how improvement is done to the design of the facility, if no support is given specifically to public, government controlled facilities such as the Luwalhati ng Maynila, the proposal will be rendered useless. 6. To encourage future architectural thesis students to propose for residential care facilities for the elderly since there is a little attention given to these kind of structures; it may be a simple title but it can create various new concepts that will be valuable for improving the designs of these structures for the elderly.


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CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH FOCUS This chapter shall briefly discuss the different innovations that will be incorporated to the proposal, and on how it will be applied.

2.1 RATIONALE Retirement homes are basically residential care facilities, minor structures that are often overlooked. However, these structures have the potential to grow into models of architectural beauty, only if given attention to and proposed with new concepts for its development. The proposal shall focus on the holistic application of sustainability and green living on the design of retirement homes in the country, which also involves the implementation of several new concepts and ideas that will have a positive impact to the overall well-being of the users particularly the elderly. This shall also involve the emphasis on providing a therapeutic environment for their health through the play of nature and architecture. Another focus shall also be about the promotion of community interdependence among the users that will somehow create a context of a harmonious and self-sustaining environment that will make the elderly feel useful even in little ways. Moreover, especially nowadays wherein Philippines is prone into severe natural disasters, it is very important to stress resiliency through strategic methods and possibly the use of advanced technology for such kind of structures. On the other hand, reinvention of the current design of spaces of most of the existing residential care facilities as such t hat will address the special needs of the elderly more than what the existing retirement homes offer today. Such implementation of new ideas and strategies will create a more invigorating and well-rounded environment for the elderly that will provide them barrier against emotional stress brought by isolation and feeling of neglect from their family and the community.

2.2 PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT The principles of the study shall emphasize the innovation of the retirement homes.

1. Self-sufficient structure - Maintenance has a significant role in structures. Employing sustainability to a building can


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reduce the carbon footprint of the structure, and can provide better environment for the users. - Looking on the long term perspective through application of some innovative and advanced technology that can contribute to sustainability of the building even if it will cost more than the usual. 2. Green Living - Simultaneous with the concept of self-sufficient structure is the promotion of green living to the users. This shall be through simple activities such as planting etc. that will engage the abled elderly to be efficient and contribute to the self-sufficiency of the structure. 3. Eco Therapeutic -Adhering to the ideas of green living and self-sufficiency of the building is the concept of eco therapy, where the relationship between nature and human is emphasized. Such will influence the healing environment of the facility and will have positive influence to the well-being of the users. 4. Community interdependence - Promoting interactivity and productivity among the abled users and mutually depending on one another since the proposal is a community-complex and it is important to build harmonious relationship among them.

2.3 APPLICATION TO THE PROJECT Incorporating the principles and innovations to the design of the structure shall improve the environment of the facility which will then influence to the psychological, emotional, physical and social development of the well-being of the users which are the elderly. 1. Aesthetic and Interior Design - Integrating the shell design of the structure will create a new perception on retirement homes as a structure that have the ability to be a model of architectural beauty and not just simply ‘facilities’ , especially in the Philippines. - Improving the interior design of the structure will have positive impact to the users. This may vary from different architectural elements that when applied properly to the structure will result in a


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holistic and rehabilitating environment . It will also create an atmosphere wherein the users wouldn’t feel as if they’ve been neglected by the community.

- Innovative design of the structure by using local building materials and being inspired by Philippine architecture. 2. Environment - Application of several concepts of sustainability to the structure will create a healthier and homey environment that will also create a harmonious relationship among the users especially the elderly to promote community interdependence. - Optimize the mobility and accessibility of the spaces and the whole community where the abled elderly as much as possible, can still function on their own. - Developing and providing more outdoor spaces as social and therapeutic areas. - Application of the different principles of tropical architecture to the building to enhance 3. Spaces - Reimagining the design and spatial configuration within the facility to accommodate even future users to prevent the usual problem of congestion among such facilities. - Creating open type and/ or flexible design of spaces that has better circulation as architectural solution to spatial problems. - Adding auxiliary spaces for the elderly that will generate more opportunities for activities and to enhance interpersonal relationships among them.


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CHAPTER 3. SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS This chapter shall present and discuss the possible sites for the proposal based on the designated criteria. Afterwards is the analysis of the presented data for identification of the chosen site as justified based on its strength and weaknesses, and further discussion of its macro and micro settings. The last part shall present schemes for site development plan of the selected site.

3.1 SITE SELECTION AND PROCESS 3.1.1 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION The proponent has limited the boundaries of the location within the vicinity of Malolos since it has the environment and features that can satisfy the needed location for the study. In choosing the most appropriate site for the proposal, several criteria shall be considered which shall be emphasized by the following: 1. Location -One of the most important consideration is the location of the site, and its proximity to outside elements. Based on the previous data gathered from interview, the site for a residential care facility for the elderly is best located in a secluded, but not totally isolated area to be able to provide an invigorating and calm environment to its users. 2. Neighboring structures -The site is not necessarily required to be nearby commercial structures and urban centers; but as a residential facility it can be situated near other residential structures that might as well emphasize community involvement. 3. Accessibility -The site must be accessible by pedestrians and vehicles -Conveniently accessible but not necessarily connected to a major or minor road 4. Zoning/Land use -The current land use of the site must be appropriate for the proposal, or can be easily


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reclassified into other uses. 5. Land Area -The land area shall be 2 hectares or more, since the proposal will be a community -complex. -Site that is large enough that can also be used or developed for future proposals and a like. 6. Topography -The site must have relatively flat slope, from 0%-8% slope for better planning and mobility for the users who are mostly elderly. 7. Soil Type - One of the innovations of the facility is self -sustainability and green living, thus, the soil of the site must be able to yield all kinds of vegetation for the facility. 8. Flood susceptibility -As the proposal is a residential care facility for the elderly and will probably be only up to two stories in maximum, the site shall be strictly not prone to flood and/or has low to moderate flood susceptibility.

3.1.2 SITE OPTION DESCRIPTION The study shall have three (3) possible sites that shall serve as the choices in describing the most appropriate site location for the proposed structure. These sites shall comply with the site criteria as required by the proponent.

Site A: Brgy. Look II The first site is 6.7 hectares consisting of two adjacent lots, Lot 7557-A and 7557-B which are both strategically located at the inner most part of Brgy. Look 2 nd, Malolos. It is an inside lot, facing Taal Road and is accessible via Tabang Road which is linked to Mcarthur Hi-way. The site is relatively flat, mostly surrounded by agricultural lands of rice fields and residences. Based on the gathered data, the site’s class is irrigated riceland and the actual use is for agricultural purposes and residential, but is open for reclassification of land use.


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Figure 24. SITE A at Brgy. Look II consisting of Lots 7557-A and 7557-B

Site B: Brgy. Santor The second site is composed of two adjacent lots, Lot 4459-P and 4459-O-1 with an overall area of 2.2 hectares. It is an interior lot, provided with an RROW (Road-right-of-way). It is originally a large parcel of land but is owned by different entities which causes the selected site to be located at the innermost area. It is surrounded mostly by residential and is bounded by three other lots at the north, east and west, and a creek at south. It is relatively flat in slope and is prone into flooding during heavy rains. The site is accessible via the minor road, Purok 1 st and is located near the First Bulacan Industrial City. It is classified as an irrigated riceland with actual use for agricultural purposes but is open for reclassification of type.

Figure 25 SITE B at Brgy. Santor consisting of Lots 4459-P and 4459-O-1


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Site C: Brgy. Santor The third site option is the 2.8 hectares lot 4459-H that is also located at Brgy. Santor, just few meters away from site B. It is an inside lot, but with a strategic shape causing it to appear as an interior lot. It is also accessible via Purok 1 st road, and near the First Bulacan Industrial City. It is also classified as irrigated riceland, and actual use is for agriculture yet open for reclassification re classification of type.

Figure 26 SITE C at Brgy. Santor, Lot 4459-H

3.1.3 SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION TABLE 1. Site Strengths and Weaknesses

SITE A

STRENGTHS

WEAKNESS

a. the shape of lot makes future planning and

a. there are few structures

development of the site easier and efficient

located within the area except

b. not susceptible to flooding

from residences

c. inside type of lot that is accessible via minor road

b. farther to the main point of

and connected to a major road

access compared to the two

d. ideal size in establishing a community or a complex

other sites


SITE B

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a. as an interior lot, it will provide a more private and

a. as an interior lot, accessibility

secure environment for the future users which are the

by automobile will be difficult

elderly

b. the area serves as catch basin of flood during heavy rains c. located near industrial park

SITE C

a. inside type of lot and is easily accessible from the

a. the irregular shape of lot

road

where the side facing the road

b. surrounded mainly by agricultural lands, giving off

is narrower shall make planning

peaceful vibes and emphasizing green living for the

and development of the site

users

difficult b. located near industrial park

Among the three site options, the chosen site location for the the proposal proposal is Site Site A which is situated situated at Brgy. Look II. This can be justified by the following points as stated above, based on the strengths and weaknesses: 1. The shape of the lot is basically rectangular, which is easier to develop and planned than the other two which are irregular and strategically shaped lots. This will also avoid wasting any spaces on the site. 2. The 6.8 hectares will be ideal for proposing a community or a complex, which the study aims to do. The left-over spaces can also be converted into open spaces or for future developments of the proposed structure. 3. Unlike the other two site options, site A is not susceptible sus ceptible to flooding during heavy rains. 4. The location of the site is great for a residential care facility for the elderly, which ideally, must be situated in a peaceful, less polluted area yet still establishing contact with the outside community and is not totally isolated.


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5. Even if located at at the innermost part of Brgy Look Look II, the lot is accessible accessible approximately 700 meters from a minor road that is passed by vehicles. 6. The selected site is surrounded by mostly residential structures, which will not be difficult to plan unlike if located near other building types such as industrial.

3.2 SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS 3.2.1 THE MACRO SETTING

Figure 27. Malolos Municipality Base Map

Figure 28. Boundary of Malolos

Geography

The City of Malolos is one 24 municipalities and cities comprising the province of Bulacan. It is bounded on the North by municipalities of Calumpit and Plaridel, Guiguinto on the East, Paombong on the West and Bulacan and Manila Bay on the Southeast and South respectively. In terms of its relative geographic location, Malolos lies 14°50′36″N 120°48′41″E. It is situated about 42 kilometers northeast

of Manila and is easily accessible to all types of vehicle using the two major transportation arteries, namely, North Luzon Expressway and Mac Arthur Highway.


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For administrative purposes, the City of Malolos is the seat of the over a land area of 7,725 hectares (19,090 acres) consisting of agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, bodies of water, fishponds, marshes and roads. Topography

Generally, the city of Malolos is relatively flat of about 0.81% to a gently sloping of 2.17%. The slope of the land descends towards west, southwest to southern direction. The highest land elevation is at about 6.0 meters above sea level while the lowest is only half a meter below sea level. A network of natural waterways and rivers of various sizes and importance is traversing through the landscape of the town down south to Manila Bay. Climate

The City of Malolos generally falls under Type I category of the Philippine Climate Corona Classification that has two pronounced pronounced seasons; wet and dry seasons. The months of May to October are considered wet/rainy season period while relatively dry and cool weather pattern begins from November to April. North and northeast wind prevails over the area from October to February bringing in fair to slight rains. South East wind flow predominates from March to May with slight to heavy rains. While SoSouth West air currents prevail during the months of June to September bringing in strong winds, tropical rains, storms and typhoons.

Seismic Hazard

The city of Malolos, being located in the province of Bulacan has low risk to earthquake.

Figure 29 Seismic Map of Phil ippines cropped to Luzon region. (Source: DENR)


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Demographic Profile Table 2. Malolos’ population per barangay as of 2010

The above table shows the population of the several barangays of the city of Malolos based on NSO Census of 2010 with over-all total 234, 945. Brgy. Mojon has the largest population while Caliligawan with the lowest recorded population. During the 2007-2010 periods, the City of Malolos recorded an increase of 9,701 or 4.31 %. Annual population grew by b y 1.41 % that is a bit lower than to what the town had ha d during the period 2000-2007 that is 3.58 %. The growth in the city’s population in the past 3 years may not only be attributed to natural increase but also in the influx of migrants from various points of origin.


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SOIL AND LAND USE

The soils of the area belong to the young soils of the lowlands and do not have developed developed profiles. They are classified as soils of the alluvial landscape, soils of the coastal landscape and miscellaneous soil type based on profile development and parent rock. There are three soil types from the major said type of Bulacan, the soils of the alluvial landscape and these are the Quingua Series, San Manuel Series Series and the Tagulod Series. Other soil types comprising the soil map of the City of Malolos are the Matimbo Series and Masantol Series, which belong to the soils of the coastal landscape, Loamy Tidal Swamp and Mucky Tidal Swamp from the miscellaneous soil types. Figure 30

LAND USE

Barangays Sto. Niño, Sto. Rosario and San Vicente comprise the city proper “Poblacion”, “Poblacion”, which is one

of the growth centers or business districts in the City of Malolos. Malolos Public Market initializes business activities in the Poblacion area. The City Hall is located at Sto.Niño, fronting the Immaculate Concepcion Cathedral Basilica Minore and its patio. The Provincial Capitol is in Guinhawa, where another growth center “Malolos Crossing” can be found. Potential growth center sprouts

along the strips of Blas Ople Diversion Road. Figure 31


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Table 3. Area of Existing Land Use in Malolos

3.2.2 THE MICRO SETTING Barangay Look II Brgy. Look II is one of the 51 barangays in Malolos. Located at the edge of Malolos, it is adjacent to the the municipalities of Guiguinto and Bulakan and bounded by the barangays of Santor, Bangkal, Niugan and Taal. Brgy. Look II is accessible via connection of Mcarthur Hi-way to arterial road of Bulakan-Guiguinto Road via Tabang, and linked to Taal Road. Most of the lands in the barangay are either used for agricultural and residential.The population of the barangay from NSO Census as of 2010 is 2,610.

Figure 32

Based on thorough analysis on the data gathered regarding the three site options, the selected site for the proposal is the site A, which is located in the inner part of Barangay Look II. It is consisted c onsisted of the two adjacent lots 7557-A and 7557-B with overall land area of 6.8 hectares. It is bounded by other agricultural lands, and most neighboring structures are residential. An inside lot type, its south east side faces the Taal Road, which is connected to Tabang Road and Mcarthur Hi-way. Hi -way. The slope of the site is relatively flat, since it is currently used for agriculture.


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Figure 33

Although there are certain parts of Barangay Look II that are highly prone flooding due to the nearby Guiguinto traversing the area, the selected site has a low to moderate flood susceptibility.

Figure 34

Figure. Shows the 2001 Approved Land Use of Malolos Municipality which is being used even up to now. The land use of Brgy. Look II is mainly divided into residential and agricultural. The selected site is categorized into agricultural, however, it is still open for reclassification for future usage and proposals.

Figure 35


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3.2.3 RELATED LAWS AND ORDINANCES 3.2.3.a MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 54

PRESCRIBING THE GUIDELINES GOVERNING SECTION 20 OF RA 7160 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 AUTHORIZING CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES TO RECLASSIFY AGRICULTURAL LANDS INTO NON-AGRICULTURAL USES.

WHEREAS, RA 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC), provides that cities and municipalities may reclassify agricultural lands into nonagricultural uses within their respective jurisdictions, subject to the limitations and other conditions prescribed under Section 20 of the LGC; WHEREAS, the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the LGC provides that cities and municipalities shall continue to prepare their respective comprehensive land use plans, enacted through zoning ordinances, subject to applicable laws and rules and regulations; WHEREAS, the IRR also prescribes that such plans shall serve as the primary and dominant bases for future use of land resources and reclassification of agricultural lands; WHEREAS, the IRR further provides that the requirements for food production, human settlements, ecological balance, and industrial expansion shall be considered in the preparation of comprehensive land use plans; WHEREAS, EO 129-A, s. of 1987, mandates the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) to approve or disapprove the conversion, restructuring or readjustment of agricultural lands into non-agricultural uses; WHEREAS, the said EO has also vested in DAR exclusive e xclusive authority to approve or disapprove conversion of agricultural lands for residential, commercial, industrial, and other land uses; WHEREAS, Section 65 of RA 6657, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (CARL), likewise empowers DAR to authorize, under certain conditions, the reclassification or conversion of lands awarded to agrarian reform beneficiaries; WHEREAS, pursuant to the pertinent


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provisions of EO 129-A (1987), EO 229 2 29 (1987), and RA 6657, DAR issued various rules and regulations governing the conversion or reclassification of agricultural lands into non-agricultural uses; WHEREAS, there is a need to harmonize the provisions of Section 2 0 of the LGC with those of EO E O 129 A (1987), EO 229 (1987), RA 6657, and other national policy issuances and other pertinent laws to ensure a more rational and holistic approach to land use, taking into account the objectives of the CARL and the decentralized framework of local governance;

SECTION 1. Scope and Limitations. – (a) Cities and municipalities with comprehensive land use plans reviewed and approved in accordance with EO 72 (1993), may authorize the reclassification of agricultural lands into nonagricultural uses and provide for the manner of their utilization or disposition, subject to the limitations and other conditions prescribed in this Order. (b) Agricultural lands may be reclassified in the following cases: (1) when the land ceases to be economically feasible and sound for agricultural purposes as determined by the Department of Agriculture (DA), in accordance with the standards and guidelines prescribed for the purpose; o r (2) where the land shall have substantially greater economic value for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes as determined by the sanggunian concerned, the city/municipality concerned should notify the DA, HLRB, DTI, DOT and other concerned agencies on the proposed reclassification of agricultural lands furnishing them copies of the report of the local development council including the draft ordinance on the matter for their comments, proposals and recommendations within seven (7) days upon receipt. (c) However, such reclassification shall be limited to a maximum of the percentage of the total agricultural land of a city or municipality at the time of the passage of the ordinance as follows: (1) For highly urbanized and independent component cities, fifteen percent (15%); (2) For component cities and first to third class municipalities, ten percent (10%); and (3) For fourth to sixth class municipalities, five percent (5%).


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(d) In addition, the following types of agricultural lands shall not be covered by the said reclassification : (1) Agricultural lands distributed to agrarian reform beneficiaries subject to Section 65 of RA 6557; (2) Agricultural lands already issued a notice of coverage or voluntarily offered for coverage under CARP. (3) Agricultural lands identified under AO 20, s. of 1992, as nonnegotiable for conversion as follows: (i) All irrigated lands where water is available to support rice and other crop production; (ii) All irrigated lands where water is not available for rice and other crop production but within areas programmed for irrigation facility rehabilitation by DA and National Irrigation Administration (NIA); and (iii) All irrigable lands already covered by irrigation projects with form funding commitments at the time of the application for land conversion or reclassification. (e) The President may, when public interest so requires and upon recommendation of the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), authorize a city or municipality to reclassify lands in excess of the limits set in paragraph (d) hereof. For this purpose, NEDA is hereby directed to issue the implementing guidelines governing the authority of cities and municipalities to reclassify lands in excess of the limits prescribed herein.

SECTION 2. Requirements and Procedures for Reclassification. – (a) The city or municipal development council (CDC/MDC) shall recommend to the sangguniang panlungsod or sangguniang bayan, as the case may be, the reclassification of agricultural lands within its jurisdiction based on the requirements of local development.


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(b) Prior to the enactment of an ordinance reclassifying agricultural lands as provided under Sec. 1 hereof, the sanggunian concerned must first secure the following certificates form the concerned national government agencies (NGAs): (1) A certification from DA indicating – (i) the total area of existing agricultural lands in the LGU concerned; (ii) that which lands are not classified as non-negotiable for conversion or reclassification under AO 20 (1992); and (iii) that the land ceases to be economically feasible and sound for agricultural purposes in the case of Sec. 1 (b-1). (2) A certification from DAR indicating that such lands are not distributed or not covered by a notice of coverage or not voluntarily offered for coverage under CARP. (c) The HLRB shall serve as the coordinating agency for the issuance of the certificates as required under the preceding paragraph. All applications for reclassification shall, therefore, be submitted by the concerned LGUs to the HLRB, upon up on receipt of such application, the HLRB shall conduct initial review to determine if: (1) the city or municipality concerned has an existing comprehensive land use plan reviewed and approved in accordance with EO 72 (1993); and (2) the proposed reclassification complies with the limitations prescribed in SECTION 1 (d) hereof. Upon determination that the above conditions have been satisfied, the HLRB shall then consult with the concerned agencies on the required certifications. The HLRB shall inform the concerned agencies, city or municipality of the result of their review and consultation. If the land being reclassified is in excess of the limit, the application shall be submitted to NEDA. Failure of the HLRB and the NGAs to act on a proper and complete application within three months from receipt of the sa me shall be deemed as approved thereof. (d) Reclassification of agricultural lands may be authorized through an ordinance enacted by the sangguniang panlungsod or sangguniang bayan, as the case may be, after conducting public


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hearings for the purpose. Such ordinance shall be enacted and approved in accordance with Articles 107 and 108 of the IRR of the LGC. (e) Provisions of Sec. 1 (b-2) hereof to the contrary notwithstanding, the sangguni an concerned shall seek the advice of DA prior to the enactment of an ordinance reclassifying agricultural lands. If the DA has failed to act on such request within thirty (30) days from receipt thereof, the same shall be deemed to have been complied with. Should the land subject to reclassification is found to be still economically feasible for agriculture, the DA shall recommend to the LGU concerned alternative areas for development purposes. (f) Upon issuance of the certifications enumerated in Section 2 (b) hereof, the sanggunian concerned may now enact an ordinance authorizing the reclassification of agricultural lands and providing for the manner of their utilization or disposition. Such ordinance shall likewise update the comprehensive land use plans of the LGU concerned.

SECTION 3. Review of ordinances reclassifying agricultural lands. – All ordinances authorizing the reclassification of agricultural lands shall be subject to the review and approval by the province in the case of a component city or municipality, or by HLRB in the case of a highly urbanizable or independent component city in accordance with EO 72 (1993).

SECTION 4. Use of the comprehensive land use plans and ordinances as primary reference documents in land use conversions. - Pursuant to RA 6657 and EO 129-A, actions on applications for land use conversions on individual landholdings shall remain as the responsibility of DAR, which shall utilize as its primary reference documents the comprehensive land use plans and accompanying ordinance passed upon and approved by the LGUs concerned, together with the National Land Use Policy.

SECTION 5. Monitoring and evaluation of land reclassification by LGUs concerned. - Within six (6) months from the issuance of this Order, the HLRB shall design, in coordination with DA, DAR,


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Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), NE DA, League of Provinces, League of Cities and League of Municipalities, and install a monitoring and evaluation system for the reclassification of agricultural lands authorized by cities and municipalities. The HLRB shall submit semestral reports to the Office of the President. A copy thereof shall be furnished the DA, DAR, DILG, NEDA, League of Provinces, League of Cities, and League of Municipalities.

SECTION 6. Transitory provision. - Provisions of Secs. 1 (a) and 2 (b) to the contrary c ontrary notwithstanding, cities and municipalities with land use plans approved not earlier than 01 January 1989, may authorize a uthorize the reclassification of agricultural lands in accordance with the limitations and conditions prescribed in this Order. However, when the LGU has not reclassified up to the said limitations, further reclassification may be exercised only within five years from approval of the plan. Thereafter, all reclassifications shall require approval from the President pursuant to Sec. 1(e) of this Circular.

3.2.3.b CITY ORDINANCE NO. 32-2005 Sangguniang Panlungsod of City of Malolos: AN ORDINANCE PRESCRIBING THE POLICIES, CONDITIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE RECLASSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS: Article I- Declaration of Principles and Policies Policies SECTION 1. Land has a social function and land ownership has a social responsibility. Owner of agricultural lands have the obligation to cultivate directly or through labor administration the lands they own and make them productive. SECTION 2. Reclassification of agricultural land land is not a right of ownership ownership but a mere privilege privilege which shall at all times conform to the logical intents and expressed provisions of agrarian legislations and the requirements of planned urban development. SECTION 3. Urban growth and a nd expansion must be directed and regulated towards a disperesec urban net and a more balances bala nces urban-rural development.


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SECTION 4. Effective people’s participation in the urban development process must be

encouraged. Agricultural lands may be classified only upon prior consultation with the barangays where they are situated

3.2.3.c IRR OF P.D. 1096 (NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES) Rule VII- Classification and General Requirements of All Buildings by Use or Occupancy 

General Institutional A community to national level of institutional use or occupancy, characterized mainly as low-

rise, medium-rise or high-rise building/ structure for medical, government service administrative and related activities, e.g., hospitals and related health care facilities, government offices, military, police and correctional buildings and the like.

Figure 36

Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) Based on the Allowed Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) of the Total Lot Area (TLA)

For Institutional GROUP D (Inside or Regular Lot) 

Without Sprinkler System and Firewalls: BHL X 50% of TLA



With Sprinkler System and Firewalls: BHL X 60% of TLA

Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy

Institutional 

15.00 meters (or must follow the duly-approved BHL in the major zone it is part of)


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Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-Site Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements by Allowed Use or Occupancy

Figure Sizes 37 and Dimensions of Courts

Setbacks for Institutional building (10.00 m below RROW) 

Front- 5.00 m



Side- 2.00



Rear- 2.00


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3.3 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 3.3.1 SITE ANALYSIS

NORTHEAST WIND

SUNRISE SUNSET

SOUTHWEST WIND

Figure 38

The above figure shows the visual representation of the sun path and the location of the northeast and southwest wind that traverse the site. The lot frontage faces southeast direction. The coordinates of the site are 14°49’19.5” N, 120°E.

3.3.1.a TRAFFIC AND ROAD NETWORK ANALYSIS

Figure 39


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The lot is accessible via minor road, Taal Road and is connected to the arterial road Tabang Road which is then linked to Mcarthur Hi-Way. The site is located in the inner most part of Brgy. Look II with a rural environment, so traffic congestion within the vicinity is not a problem. Although it is situated in a remote location, it is still passed by vehicles going to other barangays of Malolos such as Niugan and Mambog. On the other hand since the site is located at a rural area and only surrounded by residential structures, noise pollution is very minimal.


3.3.2 PROPOSED SITE DEVELOPMENT PLANS

Schematic Site Development A

Figure 40

Schematic Massing A

Figure 41

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Schematic Site Development B

Figure 42

Schematic Massing B

Figure 43

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APPENDICES APPENDICES

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Tuazon Part I, II, III and Appendices

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